2017年12月四级真题答案与详解(第一套)

(-)-----2017^12^*¥S«Egai^i4SiB¥Si^#)8 —(S B1*) -.U lPart I Writingw,^f f i*^»i'j“how”±f f i0i n#*M a n-K s y6W“=^”3f s^^#,s^n r i¥^ok , x w u m-w a m w,-m h^m wrn,w msj&ol jm nrnm_,;i i|i i-p s w i}|-|'iw* J1-5^S^ T-^^^WiSS7XtfcLii|j j||(etemal find universal)1112. X^$S A W W,]£^^&zP i£ii^'fi$8j(depend more on what children do).1. MM&infc A,o u t-d a t e d)invisible generation gap) _j2' down our Pace)>' |awkward silence between parents and us)13. ^g A l«l^^i3^'9:XSt(talk more with parents)H>J rE f3M&,:R^f(frequ en t c o m m u n i c a t i o n)6^^%Communication Is the Best Gift for ParentsC l) The relationship between parents and children isan eternal and universal topic for m ankind. Ourrelationship with parents might be different at differentages. © And for young people at their 20s, I think it willdepend more on what children do.©The reason why I say so is that as we grow up,our parents who were our idols before gradually get oldand even out-dated. @However hard efforts they make,they could not catch up with our steps, leading to theso-called invisible generation gap. © Thus, if we cannotslow down our pace,there will definitely be an awkward©As a result ft W g i b:¥silence between parents and us,which is not rare now. ©As a result, young people should talk more with P ieternal TjcfSfftparents to share our feelings and to understand each universalother better.Everyone wants loving parents who are open and supportive. ©Only through frequent communication with them,can we establish such a harmonious idol M invisible J U M&J awkward supportiverelationship.establish jjiY/l#r* n o *t—■+/L£&}%-&, ^.i A^ J j 5c#^ £ & A£ j f*.& f-«-f & £«L&4u i j f0%-fc k., f5c##* f-fe-fn.t- £#jM iq5.sjSf0M t£.&0iS w h'Cprivacy Kt&1. ...should do whatever... require them to do and cannot rebellious IxJrtW resist. ............................#-§.*!& selfless J5.ir C ospoil m u2. Only through tactfully dealing with..., will you... H'f] ifiii adolescent #4?^m m&m.....M t m......…expectation JIMresponsibility JtH Sbe grateful to sb. X d".....punish fgigPart II Listening Comprehension Section A'■f r f it r-Z J |ift^-? -SfFt#7f :n k!News Report One(1) A 9-year-old girl in New Mexico has raised more than $ 500for her little brother who needs heart surgery in Houston,Texas this July. Addison Witulski’s grandmother, Kim Allred, said Addison probably overheard a conversation between family members talking about the funds needed to get her little brother to treatment. “I guess she overheard her grandfather and me talking about how we’re worried about how we’re going to get to Houston for my grandson’s heart surgery,” said Allred. (2) “She decided to go outside and have a lemonade stand and make some drawings and pictures and sell them. ” That’s when Addison and her friends Erika and Emily Borden decided to sell lemonade for 50 cents a cup and sell pictures for 25 cents each. Before Allred knew it, New Mexico State Police Officers were among the many stopping by helping them reach a total of $ 568. The family turned to social media expressing their gratitude saying, “From the bottom of our hearts, we would like to deeply thank each and every person that stopped by! ”Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.(•McRlf5fe$S ’ , A selling ^working part time .asking for help nJJ§f!l ,§fPfl1. Who did Addison raise money for?A d d i s o n,D) 02. How did Addison raise money?b)0m W m ifrM'KAddison Addison,#_i.B—& J ifc nj%, ic® Addison, s j f c g*# b) 0News Report Two ||(3) Last week, France announced that the country will pave 621 miles of road with solar panels over thenext five years, with the goal of providing cheap, renewable energy to five million people. Called “the Wattway, ” the roads will be built through joint efforts with the French road-building company Colas and the National Institute of Solar Energy. The company spent the last five years developing solar panels that are only about a quarter of an inch thick and are strong enough to stand up to heavy highway traffic without breaking or making the roads more slippery. (4-1) The panels are also designed so that they can be installed directly on top of existing roadways, making them relatively cheap and easy to install. France isn’t the first country to kick around the idea of paving its roads with solar panels. In November 2015, the Netherlands completed a 9229-foot-long bike path paved with solar panels as a test for future projects. (4-2) However, this is the first time a panel has been designed to be laid directly on top of existing roads and the first project to install the panels on public highways.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.it5fcR/T5fc£fl new solar panel fd clean energy nTJtl!),i f M f fThey They3. What was France’s purpose of constructing the Wattway?b) … m w m621&&&(&&&, aWattway’"% B)04. What is special about the solar panels used in the Wattway?c)0m w m the wattway; ffe'M^ V I ft&7$ m m$±m s@0News Report ThreeLions have disappeared from much of Africa, but for the past few years scientists have wondered if the big cats were hanging on in remote parts of Sudan and Ethiopia. (5) Continuous fighting in the region has made surveys difficult. (6) But scientists released a report Monday documenting, with hard evidence, the discovery of “ lost lions. ” A team with Oxford University’s Wildlife Conservation Research Unit,supported bya charity organization, spent two nights in November camping in a national park in northwest Ethiopia, on theEthiopia-Sudan border. (7) The researchers set out six camera traps, capturing images of lions, and they identified lion tracks. The scientists concluded that lions are also likely to live in a neighboring national park across the border in Sudan. The International Union for Conservation of Nature had previously considered the area a “possible range” for the species, and local people had reported seeing lions in the area, but no one presented convincing evidence.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.•*Rff5fc*q lionsclues ^r esearch^ observe fll find evidence W X Sudan, Ethiopia iSt—'P t f:i®], M I'fl M §'$&/K5. What has made it difficult to survey lions in remote parts of Sudan and Ethiopia?c) …6.What was the main purpose of the research?7. What did the researchers find in the national park?a)0i m gS*iJt,A) □Section BConversation OneM:(8-1) I bet you’re looking forward to the end of this month,aren’t you?YV;Yes,I am. How did you know?M:David told me you had a special birthday coming u p.W; (8-2) Oh, yes. That’s right. This year will be my golden birthday.M:What does that mean? I’ve never heard of a golden birthday.W; I’ve actually just learned of this concept myself. Fortunately, just in time to celebrate. (8-3) A golden or lucky birthday is when one turns the age of their birth date. (9) So, for example, my sister’s birthday is December 9th and her golden birthday would have been the year she turned 9 years old. Come to think of it,my parents did throw her a surprise party that year.M:Interesting. Too bad I missed mine. My golden birthday would’ve been four years ago. I assume you got big plans then.W:Actually yes. My husband is planning a surprise holiday for the two of us next week. I have no idea what he’s got in mind,but I’m excited to find out. Has he mentioned anything to you?M:He might have.W; Anything you’d like to share? (10) I’m dying to know what kind of trip he has planned or where we’re going.M; You know nothing at all?W:Not a clue. Hard to imagine, isn’t it? Though I must say, I think he’s been having even more fun keeping the secret from me the past few weeks.M:I’m sure both of you will have a fantastic time. Happy golden birthday! (11) I can’t wait to hear all about it when you get back.Questions 8 to 11are based on the conversation you have just heard.«^P/f5t£P ft gift, wedding anniversary^ birthday holiday nXleft'll,m h us# £ b ft8.What is the woman looking forward to?d)0*v$mDavid iffiffe i£&:fc±'R®&-'M#5S|c i8£H T ogolden birthday ,-tk fllj lucky birthday0& jlfcn T^fl lucky birthday,%J D) 09. What did the woman’s parents do on her sister’s lucky birthday?A) … 0 * 12ft 9 H golden birthday H ,#R m M M m m M'j t m s M m f o m'T-m w M n, H i i t#** a) …10. What is the woman eager to find out about?11. What does the man say at the end of the conversation?b)0m n m%% B)0Conversation TwoW:M r. Green,what do you think makes a successful negotiator?M; Well, that’s hard to define. But I think successful negotiators have several things in common. They are always polite and rational people. They are firm but flexible. They can recognize power and know how to use it. (12) They are sensitive to the dynamics of a negotiation, the way it rises and falls,and how it may change direction. They project the image of confidence. (13) And perhaps most importantly,they know when to stop.W:And what about an unsuccessful negotiator?M; Well, this is probably all of us when we start out. We are probably immature and over-trusting, too emotional or aggressive. We are unsure of ourselves and we want to be liked by everyone. (14) Good negotiators learn fast. Poor negotiators remain like that and go on losing negotiations.W; In your opinion, can the skills of negotiation be taught?M:Well, you can teach someone how to prepare for a negotiation. (15) There’re perhaps six stages in every negotiation: get to know the other side; state your goals; start the process; clarify areas of disagreement or conflict; reassess your position, making acceptable compromises; and finally reach some agreement in principle. These stages can be studied,and strategies to be used in each can be planned beforehand. ButI think the really successful negotiator is probably bom with the sixth sense about respondingappropriately to the situation at hand.W:The artistic sense you’ve just described?M:Yes. That’s right.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard., ft rival …compromises ^negotiation ^principles ^the other sides ffl strategy #fis)12. What does the man say about good negotiators?d)0m\m13. What does the man say may be the most important thing to a successful negotiator?A)0m W M H ilt#**A)014. How is a good negotiator different from a poor one?b)0m n m>1 B) 015. What is the first stage of a negation according to the m an?■.tmmu■,im s b w b u;■,m a®#;m m&b w * Section CPassage OneSome people wonder why countries spend millions of dollars on space projects. (16) They want to knowhow space research helps people on Earth. Actually, space technology helps people on Earth every day. This is called “spin-off technology. ” Spin-off technology is space technology that is now used on Earth. (17) In early space programs,such as the Apollo missions of the 1960s and 1970s,and in the space shuttle missions today, scientists developed objects for the astronauts to use on the moon and in space. We now use some of these objects everyday. (18) For example,we have quartz crystal clocks and watches accurate to within one minute a year. We purify the water we drink with the water filter designed for the astronauts’ use in space. The cordless, hand-held tools we use in our homes, such as vacuum cleaners, flashlights, drills and saws came from the technology of these early space programs. On cold winter days, we can stay warm with battery-operated gloves and socks,and specially-made coats and jackets. All these clothes are similar to the spacesuit designs that kept astronauts comfortable in the temperatures of the moon,and are spin-offs from space technology. These products are only a few examples of the many ways space technology helps us in our everyday lives. No one knows how new spin-off technology from the International Space Station will help us in the future.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.M'&E iM fM&T&lJ ii, ft 32;ASS ft International Space Station^ space shuttle missions^ space program, technology ,astronauts i»J T7J V J, fi\ $\,M X lA l fr H M j<1 X:16. What do some people want to know about space exploration?M m m m m iiim m iiM M n c^w^f t h e i ps^A^i j r^f t b e n e f i t s a)…17. What did scientists do for the space shuttle missions?c)…0 +20^6018. What does the speaker say about quartz crystal clocks and watches?Passage Two(19) Well,if I could go back in history and live,I’d like to go back to the 18th century and perhaps in colonial America in Yankee New England where one of my ancestors lived,because it was the beginning of something. By the 18th century, there was a feeling of community that had grown. My ancestor was a preacher traveling around the countryside. People lived in small communities. There were fishermen and farmers who provided fresh food that tasted and looked like food, unlike that in today’s supermarkets, and there were small towns and New York wasn’t that far away. (20) I’m deeply attached to the Puritan tradition, not in a religious sense,but they believed in working for something,working for goals,and I like that. They worked hard at whatever they did, but they had a sense of achievement. They believed in goodness, in community, and helping one another. I love the colonial fabrics, all the silver work, the furnishings, the combination of elegance and simplicity. I love it. The printing, the books, I’m very attached to all that kind of thing. That may not all be very entertaining in the modem sense of the world, (21) but I would have enjoyed spending my evenings in that environment,discussing new ideas, building a new world. And I can see myself sitting on a small chair by the fire doing needlework.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.ftifc E't'ft ancestors ffl America A f tm 1920 S±i?»3£S*A^f t l|f l m&;f S 19. Why does the speaker say she would like to go back and live in the 18th century America?C) 020. What does the speaker say about the Puritans?d)0m n mX MAMMhT gfeW X fK B itt#** D) …21. What would the speaker like doing if she could go back to the past?Passage ThreeIf you are lost in the woods, a little knowledge can turn what some people call a hardship into an enjoyable stay away from the troubles of modem society. (22) When you think you’re lost, sit down on the log or rock, or lean against the tree,and recite something you have memorized to bring your mind to a point where it is under control. Don’t run blindly. If you must move,don’t follow a stream unless you know it,and in that case you’re not lost. (23) Streams normally flow through wetland before they reach a lake or a river. Though there are more eatable plants, there may also be wild animals,poisonous snakes,and other hazards.(24) Many experts feel that it’s wisest to walk uphill. At the top of most hills and mountains are trails leading back to civilization. If there are no trails,you’re much easier to be seen on top of a hill, and you may even spot a highway or a railroad from this point. Nowadays,the first way someone will search for you is by air. In a wetland or in dense growth, you’re very hard to spot. (25) Anytime you go into the woods, somebody should know where you’re going, and when you’re expected to return. Also when someone comes looking, you should be able to signal to them.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.S§7fclW5fc fc fl , ft maplocation^compassN food and drink ^if| n jJ f£$J,;£0 %2224 23m a y,*3in T fg tt,#**m#M r5&B r f^a ia ift/g|l;®25.Jfcjg22. What does the speaker advise you to do first if you are lost in the woods?a) 0m\m m xif stsai,u a,H i t t#** A) 023. What will happen if you follow an unknown stream in the woods?c) 0m w m AsaN&jfenrtB s, H it t e r** c) …24. What do many experts think is the wisest thing to do if you’re lost in the woods?a)0m n m a)025. 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As another returning student at Columbia, Kate Marber, told me, “We are learning not only all this information, but essentially how to learn again. Our fellow students have just come out of high school. A lot has changed since we were last in school. ”36. Elderly students find it hard to keep upwith the rapid changes in education.»!$£ ^K W ^££S !«)t K ±!!(•Elderly students -fll changes in education jS?fi 3\W -X Biis&L 37. Some believe take-home examsmay affect students’ performancein other courses.I i S fperformance in other courses /g -fjz3M X m %.b k o E) Following the Harvard scandal, Mary Miller, the former dean of students at Yale, made an impassioned appeal to her school’s professors to refrain from take-home exams. “ Students risk health and well being, as well as performance in other end-of-term work, when faculty offers take-home exams without clear, time-limited boundaries,” she told m e. “ Research now shows that regular quizzes, short essays, and other assignments over the course of a term better enhance learning and retention. ”m n m E)g«®j®H: 4*6*1 Some Mary Miller; performance in other courses performance in other end-of-term work, E) …38. Certain professors believe in-class exams are ultimatelymore helpful to students.mwxm m a C) As I was suffering through my week of anxiety, overthinking the material and guessing my grasp of it, I did some of my own polling among students and professors. David Eisenbach, who teaches a popular class on U . S . presidents at Columbia, prefers the in-class variety. He believes students ultimately learn more and encourages them to form study groups. “That way they socializein-class exams /fll ultimately over history outside the class,which wouldn’t happen without thepressure of an in-class exam,” he explained. “Furthermore, in-class exams force students to learn how to perform underpressure,an essential work skill. ”450{J are ultimately more helpful to students J g t X 41 W students ultimately learn more, * C) 039. In-class exams are believedto discourage cheating inexams.Mfefc In-class exam s III cheating®3\W.XW\gktika D) He also says there is less chance of cheating with the in-classvariety. In 2012, 125students at Harvard were caught up in a scandal when it was discovered they had cheated on a take-home exam for a class entitled “Introduction To Congress. ” Some colleges have what they call an “ honor code, ” though if you are smart enough to get into these schools,you are either smart enough to get around any codes or hopefully, too ethical to consider doing so. As I sat blocked and clueless for two solid days,I momentarily wondered if I couldn’t just call an expert on the subject matter which I was tackling,or someone who took the class previously, to get me going.M W f f l D).g$|-~f t1 #J discourage cheating 41 (ft less chance of cheating,D) D40. The author was happy to learn shecould do some exams at home.•a E-I i E W happy #1 dosome exams at homewnytfc o B) Since there is no way for me to avoid exams, I am currentlyquestioning what kind are the most taxing and ultimately beneficial. I have already sweated through numerous in-class midterms and finals, and now I have a professor who issues take-home ones. I was excited when I learned this,figuring I had a full week to do the research,read the texts,and write it all u p. In fact, I was still rewriting my midterm the morning it was due. To say I had lost the thread is putting it mildly.4»W e x c i t e d,^** B)041. Students who put off their work until thelast moment often find the exams more difficult than they actually are.i ill T(ft until the lastmoment fll more difficult /i i f!)/jji X M H) How students ultimately handle tests may depend ontheir personal test-taking abilities. There are people who always wait until the last minute, and make it much harder than it needs to be. And then there are those who, not knowing what questions are coming at them,and having no resources to refer to,can freeze.And then there are we rare folks who fit both those descriptions.M;f14I(ft the last moment the last minute l¥j [w! ;It§::p4' ift find the exams more difficult J C'f'jS iJ S jJ C4’(ft make it much h a r d e r,*4?* H) 042. Different students may preferdifferent types of exams.• aEGL E&jST+'KJ prefer fn types of examsfiz M Kl X Mm &oG) Students’ test-form preferences vaiy, too, often depending onthe subject and course difficulty. “ I prefer take-home essays because it is then really about the writing, so you have time to edit and do more research, ” says Elizabeth Dresser, a junior at Barnard. Then there is the stress factor. Francesca Haass, a senior at Middlebury, says, “I find the in-class ones are more stressful in the short term, but there is immediate relief as you swallow information like mad, and then you get to forget it all. Take-homes require thoughtful engagement which can lead to longer term stress as there is never a moment when the time is u p. ” Meanwhile, Olivia Rubin, a sophomore at Emory, says she hardly even considers take-homes true exams. “ If you understand the material and have the ability to articulate ( HI (fi ) your thoughts, they should be a breeze. ”different 5!^fC X M vary; prefer Xtfa IM X 4'(ft preferences M ^-%% G) …F) Most college professors agree the kind of exam they chooselargely depends on the subject. A quantitative-based one, for example, is unlikely to be sent home, where one could ask their older brothers and sisters to help. Vocational-type classes, such as computer science or journalism, on the other hand, are often more research-oriented and lend themselves to take-home testing. Chris Koch, who teaches “History of Broadcast Journalism” at Montgomery Community College in Rockville, Maryland, points out that reporting is about investigation rather than the memorization of minute details. “In my field, it’s not what you know—it’s what you know how to find out, ” says Koch. “There is way too much information, and more coming all the time, for anyone to remember. I want my students to search out the answers to questions by using all the resources available to them. ”F )g -r fu »a i,S T *!3 W the type of course being taught rtMBKthes u b je c t,®#^* F) 043. Most professors agree whetherto give an in-class or a take- home exam depends on the type of course being taught.m -m a * & =f + w Mostprofessors agree fll depends on JgfiPJJJCSClBiisAto44. The author dropped out of college some fortyyears ago.m w xTo• *£!{£ F t l S TK) college fU some fortyyears ago xL$i3\W.X W \9i$:0A ) I have always been a poor test-taker. So it mayseem rather strange that I have returned to college to finish the degree I left undone some four decades ago. I am making my way through Columbia University, surrounded by students who quickly supply the verbal answer while I am still processing the question.。