考研英语(一)高频重点单词详解—2011年新题型(上)

考研英语真题单词-2011(英一)

2011（一）完形 - 笑与情绪 Part1 单词1、impair v.损害；削弱2、sacrifice n.牺牲3、determine v.查明，主语（⼈人或调查）决定，主语（某原因）4、manageable a.可操纵的；可处理理的5、renewable a.可再⽣生的；可延⻓长有效期的6、decrease v.降低increase v.增⻓长7、varnish n.清漆8、apparently ad.似乎（显然地）9、tone n.[僻]肌⾁肉结实10、asthma n.哮喘11、subconscious a.潜意识的12、internal a.体内的，内⼼心的13、exhaust v.筋疲⼒力力尽（+⼈人）（+物，耗尽）14、suppress v.抑制15、jockey n.⻢马骑师16、contract v.[僻]收缩（使动）Part2 短语1、despite sth. to the contrary 尽管有...与此相反claim / evidence / idea / advice statement2、the way = as 引导⽅方式状语从句句eg. the way walking does 就像散步⼀一样3、in turn 轮流：强调顺序相应地：强调因果关系eg. Interest rates were cut and, in turn, share prices rose.利利率下降，相应地，股票就上涨了了。

4、die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐平息5、draw nearer the point of ... 近乎(做某事)6、up to 胜任，取决于，多达7、as for ⾄至于，关于= as to8、not + v. +because 否定转移9、turn to 求助于；使⽤用新东⻄西eg. Many people here are turning to solar power.这的⼈人都开始使⽤用太阳能。

考研英语(一)高频重点单词详解—2011年阅读Text 3(上)

考研英语（一）高频重点单词详解—2011年阅读Text 3（上）这是一篇经济类文章，主要内容是市场宣传的作用和效果以及各种不同宣传手段之间的相互作用和影响。

文章内容比较贴近现实，易于理解，其中的词汇也是基础词汇比较多，接下来老师就为大家总结了其中的20个重点和高频词汇，希望对大家的词汇复习有所帮助。

1. 17television ['teliviʒәn]n. 电视，电视节目，电视机【词根记忆】：tele (远)+ vis(看)+ ion(名词后缀)→能看到远处的东西→电视机【真题例句】：Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution. 另外，欧共体的形成将迫使电视公司在制作和发行方面更密切地合作。

(2005年翻译)2. 10advertisement [,ædvɚ'taɪzmənt]n. 1. 广告，公告，启事 2. 广告活动，宣传【词根记忆】：advertise(做广告)+ment(名词后缀)→1. 广告，公告，启事【短语搭配】：commercial advertisement 商业广告【真题例句】：While traditional “paid”media—such as television commercials and print advertisements—still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. 虽然像电视商业和纸质广告这些付费媒体依然起主要作用，但是如今的公司能够利用更多媒体选择。

2011年考研英语(一)真题及答案解析(word文档良心出品)

2011年考研英语(一)真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exer cise precious to health.” But _____some claims to the contrary, laughing probably h as little influence on physical filness Laughter does _____short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, ____ heart rate and oxygen c onsumption But because hard laughter is difficult to ____, a good laugh is unl ikely to have _____ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.____, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughte r apparently accomplishes the ____, studies dat ing back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter. muscles,Such bodily reaction might conceivably help____the effects of psychologic al stress.Anyway,the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ___ ___feedback,that improve an individual’s emotional state. ______one classical th eory of emotion,our feelings are partially rooted _______ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ______they are sad but they become sad when te tears begin to flow.Although sadness also _______ tears,evidence suggests that emotions can f low _____ muscular responses.In an experiment published in 1988,social psych ologist Fritz.1．[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like2．[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce3．[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining4．[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe5．[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable6．[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief7．[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected8．[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes9．[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance10．[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal11．[A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for12．[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at13．[A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because14．[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses15．[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond16．[A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold17．[A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent18．[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted19．[A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing20．[A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]ConverselySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by c hoosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its ne xt music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the resp onse has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony T ommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, howeve r, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had adv ocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musicia n with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians li ke Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting com positions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhe re else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music fr om iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the a rt-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera ho uses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorde d performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recor dings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener’s choosing. The widespread availability of such r ecordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional cl assical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert’s own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly differ ent, more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship betwee n America’s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilbert’s appointment has[A]incurred criticism.[B]raised suspicion.[C]received acclaim.[D]aroused curiosity.22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is[A]influential.[B]modest.[C]respectable.[D]talented.23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers[A]ignore the expenses of live performances.[B]reject most kinds of recorded performances.[C]exaggerate the variety of live performances.[D]overestimate the value of live performances.24. According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?[A]They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.[B]They are easily accessible to the general public.[C]They help improve the quality of music.[D]They have only covered masterpieces.25. Regarding Gilbert’s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author fe els[A]doubtful.[B]enthusiastic.[C]confident.[D]puzzled.Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in th e usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much m y decision,”McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO a nd chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to th e outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn’t alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don’t get the nod also m ay wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior manage rs cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be m ore willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnove r was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders th ey had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunitie s will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconve ntional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Kor n/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey:”I can’t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”Those who jumped without a job haven’t always landed in to p positions q uickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she want ed to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-base d commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambiti ons to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution thr ee years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The fin ancial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a ba d one. “The traditional rule was it’s safer to stay where you are, but that’s be en fundamentally inverted,” says one headhunter. “The people who’ve been hur t the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.”26. When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be describ ed as being[A]arrogant.[B]frank.[C]self-centered.[D]impulsive.27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives’ quitting may be spurred by[A]their expectation of better financial status.[B]their need to reflect on their private life.[C]their strained relations with the boards.[D]their pursuit of new career goals.28. The word “poached” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means[A]approved of.[B]attended to.[C]hunted for.[D]guarded against.29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A]top performers used to cling to their posts.[B]loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.[C]top performers care more about reputations.[D]it’s safer to stick to the traditional rules.30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?[A]CEOs: Where to Go?[B]CEOs: All the Way Up?[C]Top Managers Jump without a Net[D]The Only Way Out for Top PerformersText 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid” media –such as television comm ercials and print advertisements –still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a produ ct may create “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sale s to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own pr oducts. For earned media , such marketers act as the initiator for use rs’ respon ses. But in some cases, one marketer’s owned media become another marketer’s paid media –for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so str ong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within t hat environment. This trend ,which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competiti ve products. Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable infor mation about the appeal of other companies’ marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers wit h more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the ris k that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earn ed media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakehold ers, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Mem bers of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media t o apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boy cott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a c ase, the company’s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and t he learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick an d well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to e ngage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.31.Consumers may create “earned” media when they are[A] obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.[C] eager to help their friends promote quality products.[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.32. According to Paragraph 2,sold media feature[A] a safe business environment.[B] random competition.[C] strong user traffic.[D] flexibility in organization.33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition.[D] deserve all the negative comments about them.34. Toyota Motor’s experience i s cited as an example of[A] responding effectively to hijacked media.[B] persuading customers into boycotting products.[C] cooperating with supportive consumers.[D] taking advantage of hijacked media.35. Which of the following is the text mainly about ?[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media.[C] Dominance of hijacked media.[D] Popularity of owned media.Text 4It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful, provocative magazine cove r story, “I love My Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter –not hing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less t han a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding th at children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measure d by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-cr ushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive –and newly single –mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practically every wee k features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstand s.In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder th at admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing ? It doesn’t seem quite fair, then, to comp are the regrets of paren ts to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wond er if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered wi th the message that children are the single most important thing in the world:obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.Of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Week ly and People present is hugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are sin gle mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, single parents are the least happy of all. No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a pa rtner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their “own” (read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.It’s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults under stand that a baby is not a haircut. But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren’t in so me small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the a ctual experienc e, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring[A]temporary delight[B]enjoyment in progress[C]happiness in retrospect[D]lasting reward37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that[A]celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip.[B]single mothers with babies deserve greater attention.[C]news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.[D]having children is highly valued by the public.38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks[A]are constantly exposed to criticism.[B]are largely ignored by the media.[C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities.[D]are less likely to be satisfied with their life.39.According to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazine s is[A]soothing.[B]ambiguous.[C]compensatory.[D]misleading.40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A]Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.[B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.[C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.[D]We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.Part BDirections:The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosi ng from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)[A] No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusias m as the humanities. You can, Mr Menand points out, became a lawyer in thr ee years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.[B] His concern is mainly with the humanities: Literature, languages, philo sophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style: 22% of A merican college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in hi story and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want t heir undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should posses. But most find it difficult to agree on what a “general education” should look like. At Harvard, Mr Menand notes, “the great books are read because they have been read”-they form a sort of social glue.[C] Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer stu dents want to study humanities subjects: English departments awarded more ba chelor’s degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students requir es fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of theses-writing, many humaniti es students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained.[D] One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that th ey can cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts e ducations and professional education should be kept separate, taught in differen t schools. Many students experience both varieties. Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification.[E] Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation, top Ameri can universities have professionalised the professor. The growth in public mone y for academic research has speeded the process: federal research grants rose f ourfold between 1960and 1990, but faculty teaching hours fell by half as resea rch took its toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career: as late as 1969a third of American professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind profession alisation, argues Mr Menand, is that “the knowledge and skills needed for a p articular specialization are transmissible but not transferable.”So disciplines acqu ire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge, but also over the p roduction of the producers of knowledge.[F] The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr Menand, is to al ter the way in which “the producers of knowledge are produced.”Otherwise, ac ademics will continue to think dangerously alike, increasingly detached from th e societies which they study, investigate and criticize.”Academic inquiry, at lea st in some fields, may need to become less exclusionary and more holistic.”Ye t quite how that happens, Mr Menand dose not say.[G] The subtle and intelligent little book T he Marketplace of Ideas: Refor m and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree. They may then decide to go el sewhere. For something curious has been happening in American Universities, and Louis Menand, a professor of English at Harvard University, captured it s killfully.G → 41. →42. → E →43. →44. →45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segment s into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHE ET 2. (10 points)With its theme that “Mind is the master weaver,” creating our inner chara cter and outer circumstances, the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of the central idea of self-help writing.(46) Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that beca use we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneou s nature. Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter, we thi nk that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to think one way and act another. However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind g enerates as much action as the conscious mind, and (47) while we may be abl e to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do thi s or achieve that? ”Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do no t accord with desire, Allen concluded : “ We do not attract what we want, bu t what we are.” Achievement happens because you as a person embody the ex ternal achievement; you don’t “ get” success but become it. There is no gap b etween mind and matter.\Part of the fame of Allen’s book is its contention that “Circumstances do not make a person, they reveal him.” (48) This seems a justification for n egl ect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.This ,however, would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth. If c ircumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed. In fat, (49)circumstances seem to be designed t o bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation .Neve rtheless, as any biographer knows, a person’s early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual.The sobering aspect of Allen’s book is t hat we have no one else to blam e for our present condition except ourselves. (50) The upside is the possibilitie s contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were exp erts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.Section ⅢWritingPart A51.Directions:Write a letter to a friend of yours to1) recommend one of your favorite movies and2) give reasons for your recommendationYour should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the leter. User“LI MING” in stead.Do not writer the address.(10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160---200 words based on the following drawing. In yo ur essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain it’s intended meaning, and3) give your comments.Your should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2011年考研英语(一)真题参考答案1-5，ACDBA 6-10 CADCB 11-15 BCACA 16-20 BCADB21-25 DBCAA 26-30 CCBDB 31-35 CCBDB 36-40 CBCCC41-45 BDCAE翻译：46、艾伦的贡献在于提供了我们能分担和揭示错误性质的假设--因为我们不是机器人，因此我们能够控制我们的理想。

考研英语真题单词-2011（英一）

考研英语真题单词-2011（英一）2011（一）完形 - 笑与情绪 Part1 单词1、impair v.损害；削弱2、sacrifice n.牺牲3、determine v.查明，主语（?人或调查）决定，主语（某原因）4、manageable a.可操纵的；可处理理的5、renewable a.可再?生的；可延?长有效期的6、decrease v.降低increase v.增?长7、varnish n.清漆8、apparently ad.似乎（显然地）9、tone n.[僻]肌?肉结实10、asthma n.哮喘11、subconscious a.潜意识的12、internal a.体内的，内?心的13、exhaust v.筋疲?力力尽（+?人）（+物，耗尽）14、suppress v.抑制15、jockey n.?马骑师16、contract v.[僻]收缩（使动）Part2 短语1、despite sth. to the contrary 尽管有...与此相反claim / evidence / idea / advice statement2、the way = as 引导?方式状语从句句eg. the way walking does 就像散步?一样3、in turn 轮流：强调顺序相应地：强调因果关系eg. Interest rates were cut and, in turn, share prices rose. 利利率下降，相应地，股票就上涨了了。

4、die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐平息5、draw nearer the point of ... 近乎(做某事)6、up to 胜任，取决于，多达7、as for ?至于，关于= as to8、not + v. +because 否定转移9、turn to 求助于；使?用新东?西eg. Many people here are turning to solar power.这的?人都开始使?用太阳能。

考研英语(一)高频重点单词详解―2011年翻译(上)(精)

考研英语 (一高频重点单词详解— 2011年翻译(上本篇文章是一篇书评,对英国作家 James Allen 在 1902年所写的一部励志书 As a Man Thinketh 《思考的人》中的观点进行分析。

此篇翻译延续了十几年的考点,这五个长难句考查的语法重点依然是各种从句的分析, 考查的词汇也像往年一样有深度, 当然文章中也出现了很多高频重点词汇,以下就是这篇文章高频重点词中的 10个,让我们一起来学习吧! 1. 8circumstance ['sɜ:kəmst əns]n. 环境,条件,经济状况【词根记忆】:circ(环形 +um(连接,无实意 +st(=stand站立 +ance(名词后缀→站立周围的东西→环境【真题例句】 :In fact, circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us, and if we feel that we have been “ wronged ” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation. 事实上, 环境仿佛是为激发我们的最大潜能而设, 如果我们总感觉“上天不公” , 就不太可能去有意识地努力摆脱我们的处境。

(2011年翻译2. 2contribution [cɔntr ɪ'bju:ʃn]n. 1. 贡献,促成作用 2. 捐款,捐献物 3. (投给报刊等稿件【词根记忆】:con(一起 +tribute(给 +ion(名词后缀→大家一起给他东西→捐款,贡献【真题例句】:New ways of organizing the workplace---all that re-engineering and downsizing---are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy. 企业重组的新方法—所有那些重新设计和缩小规模的做法 ---只是对一个经济的整体生产力作出了一方面贡献。

2011年考研英语新题型关键单词总结

2011年考研英语新题型关键单词总结这是一篇社会教育类文章，本文是关于《思想市场：美国大学的改革与抵制》一书的书评。

文章结构是问题解决型，按照“提出问题——分析问题——提出建议”的步骤展开论述。

第一、二段引入人文学科在大学中陷入的奇怪困境，第三、四段分析论述原因在于大学人文学科知识和人才的专业化，第五、六段分析影响是人文学科人才处于困境。

末段提出建议：改变人文学科人才的培养方式，培养起更广阔的学术视野。

以下是本文中出现的10个高频重点单词，就让我们一起来学习吧！1. 22discipline ['dɪsɪplɪn]n. 学科;纪律;训练;惩罚vt. 训练，训导;惩戒【词根记忆】：dis-(前缀：否定前缀)+cip(词根：拿)+line(线)→站成一条线不许拿→纪律;学科→训练，训导;惩戒【短语搭配】：financial discipline 财政纪律; 财务约束; 财务束缚; 财务纪律【真题例句】：So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge, but also over the production of the producers of knowledge. 所以，各个学科需要的不仅仅是对知识生产的垄断，还有对知识生产者的产出的垄断。

(2011年新题型)2. 2professionalism [prə'feʃ(ə)n(ə)lɪz(ə)m]n. 专业主义;专家的地位;特性或方法【词根记忆】：pro(向前)+fess(说)+sion(名词)+al(形容词)+ism(……主义)→专业主义;专家的地位【真题例句】No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. 没有哪个学科像人文学科那样狂热地看重职业化。

考研英语(一)高频重点单词详解—2011年完型(上)

考研英语（一）高频重点单词详解—2011年完型（上）这篇文章主要讨论大笑和人身体健康的关系，颠覆我们平常的观念。

以下是本文中出现的10个高频重点单词，就让我们一起来学习吧！1.11 physical ['fɪzɪk(ə)l]adj. 身体的;物理的;实质的【词根记忆】：phys(身体)+ ical(形容词后缀)→身体的【短语搭配】：physical examination 体格检查physical health 身体健康【真题例句】：Despite some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. 尽管有人反对，但是笑可能真的和人的身体健康关系不大。

2. 8 consumption[kən'sʌm(p)ʃ(ə)n]n. 消耗;消费【词根记忆】：con(全部)+sum(拿)+ion(名词后缀)→全部拿光→消费【短语搭配】：food consumption食品消费;摄食量【真题例句】：Laughter does produce short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, decreasing heart rate and oxygen consumption. 笑确实能对人的心脏功能和血管产生短期的变化，例如降低心率和氧气摄入量。

3. 4 strain [streɪn]n. 拉紧;负担;扭伤;血缘v. 拉紧;滥用;滤去【短语搭配】：at full strain 竭尽全力，全力以赴put (或place)(a)strain on/upon 使处于紧张状态【真题例句】：Instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the opposite. 运动可以拉伸肌肉，达到健体的目的，笑很显然实现的是相反的效果。

2011年阅读Part A Text2高频重点单词详解(上)

2011年阅读Part A Text2高频重点单词详解（上）1. 1 unconventional [ʌn'kәn'venʃәnl]adj. 非传统的【词根记忆】：un(否定)+convention(习惯，惯例)+al(形容词后缀)→非常规的→不落俗套的【短语精选】：an unconventional approach to a problem打破惯例的处理问题的方法【真题例句】：The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. 决定辞去高职，在寻找一个更好的职位，很不寻常。

(2011 text 2)2. 3 adhere [әd'hiә]vi.粘附, 胶着, 坚持;v.坚持【词根记忆】：ad(加强)+here(黏着)→强调黏着→粘附，坚持【短语精选】：adhere to neutrality 严守中立。

【真题例句】：For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. 多年来，执行官们和猎头们都坚持这样一个原则，认为最好的CEO候选人必须是挖来的。

(2011 text 2)3. 11 attractive [ә'træktiv]adj.吸引人的, 有魅力的【词根记忆】：at(强调)+tract(拉拽)+ive(形容词后缀)→把注意力拉过去→吸引人的【短语精选】：an attractive personality 有魅力的人格【真题例句】：The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week.一个富有魅力的妈妈怀抱着可爱的宝宝的杂志封面在这本周不仅仅只是一帧母子照而已。

2011考研英语词汇

2011考研英语词汇第一部分考研英语核心词汇记单词时不要采用从A——Z的顺序，而是要灵活搭配，比如A和J，B和O，C和N，D和L等，这样记起来既不觉得累又有成就感。

一定记住吴老师的建议：每天晚上看1-2页，把自己已经记住的暂时划出来，第二天早上无论多忙都要把前一天晚上看过的单词复习一遍，然后再分别过3天、7天、15天、30天各复习一遍，坚持下来，到考前一周看最后一遍时，你会觉得大部分单词都已经很熟悉了。

另外，务必要把自己做过的历年真题或模拟题中的词汇题集中整理起来，这样的对比记忆特别有助于我们对近义近形词汇的辨析。

这样坚持学习，双管齐下，一定会取得良好学习效果！abide 遵循（…by）；容忍The one thing she cannot abide is lying.abnormal 反常的abnormal behaviorabolish 彻底废除（法律、制度、习俗等）abolish old customabrupt 突然的，意外的an abrupt departureabsolute 纯粹的，完全的have absolute trust in sb.absorb 吸收，吸进A sponge absorbs water.abstract 抽象的A flower is beautiful, but beauty itself is abstract.absurd 荒谬的，荒唐的The idea that number 14 brings bad luck is absurd.abuse 滥用abuse one's authority(office)aaccelerate 加速，增速accelerate one’s stepsaccess 接近（或进入）的机会have regular and immediate access to the President accommodate 使适应，使符合一致accommodate oneself to changed circumstances accompany 陪伴，伴随She was accompanied to a dinner by her friend.accomplish 达到（目的），完成（任务），实现（计划，诺言等）accomplish one's purpose accord 使符合，相一致(with) His violent action do not accord with his peaceful words. account 记述，叙述give a brief account of what has happenedaccumulate 积累，积攒，积聚accumulate wisdomaccurate 准确的，精确的an accurate estimateaccuse 指控，指责They accused her publicly of stealing their books.accustom 使习惯于accustom oneself to rising (to rise) earlyacquaint 使认识，使了解activate 使活动起来，使开始起作用，启动They have planted secret agents in many countrieswho could be activated whenever needed. acute 尖锐的，敏锐的an acute thinkeradapt （使）适应adapt oneself to new conditionsaddress 演说 a television addressadhere 黏附，附着Paste is used to make one surface adhere to another.adjacent 临近的，毗邻的(to) a city and its adjacent suburbsadjoin 贴近，与...毗邻His house adjoins the lake.administrate 掌管，料理...的事务In many Japanese homes, the funds are administrated by thewife.adolescent （尤指16岁以下的）青少年 a film aimed at adolescentsadvance 使向前移动advance a chessmanadvantage 有利条件，优点Sitting Presidents hold built-in advantages when seeking anotherterm.adverse 不友好的，敌对的She felt adverse to her husband's friends.advocate 拥护，提倡，主张advocate self-defenceaesthetic 美学的，艺术的，审美an aesthetic theoryaffliliate 使隶属（或附属）于，使成为会员 a government affiliated companyaffirm 断言，申明affirm the truth of a statementaggravate 加重，加剧，恶化aggravate the declining economyaggressive 侵犯的，侵略的an aggressive weaponagitate 搅动（液体等）The machine agitated the mixture.alarm 惊恐，忧虑The bandits scattered in alarm.alert 警惕的，留神的In our reading we should always be alert for new usages.alien 外国的adjust to an alien cultureallege 断言，宣称The newspaper alleges the mayor's guilt.allocate 分配，分派，把...拨给allocate funds for new projectsallied 结盟的，有关联的allied nationsallow 允给，准许，允许He missed her more than he would allow himself to admit. allowance 津贴，补贴，零用钱 a housing allowancealter 改变，更改alter an attitudealternate 交替，轮流Night and day alternate.amateur （艺术，科学等的）业余爱好者an amateur golferamaze 使惊愕，使惊异I am amazed that he should get the post.ambiguous 含糊不清的，模棱两可的an ambiguous answerambition （对名利等的）强烈欲望，野心His political ambitions still burn.amend 修改，修订amend the spelling in sb.'s paperamuse 逗乐，逗笑，给...提供娱乐（或消遣）The clown at the circus amused the children. anchor 锚The anchor catches (drags).announce 宣布，声称It is officially announced that he will not run for reelection.annoy 使恼怒，使生气She was annoyed at (with) his lightheard attitude.annual 每年的，年度的the annual output of steelanonymous 匿名的，无名的an anonymous letter (phone call)answer 回答，响应Henry took ages to answer the door.anticipate 预期，预料The directors anticipated a fall in demand (that demand would fall). anxious 焦虑的，发愁的(about, at) They become anxious at her delay.apart 成零碎Such cheap clothes come apart after a few washings.apparent 显然的，明明白白的It was apparent that they all understood.appeal 呼吁，恳求I appealed to the children to make less noise.applaud 鼓掌，喝彩，叫好The audience applauds the performers for three minutes.apply 涂，敷He applied two coats of paint to the table.appoint 任命，委派They appointed his father (to be 或as) postmaster.appraise 估量，估计appraise the infant's weightappreciate 感激I appreciated your help much.apprehend 对...担心Do you apprehend that there will be any difficulty?approach 靠近，接近John is approaching manhood.appropriate 恰当的，相称的Plain, simple clothes are appropriate for school wear.approve 赞成，同意I couldn't approve his conduct.approximate 大概的，大约的，近似的The approximate time is 10 o'clock.apt （习性）易于......的，有......倾向的A careless person is apt to make mistakes.arbitrary 随心所欲的，个人武断的，任意的an arbitrary choicearise 起立，起身arise from one's seatarouse 使......奋发A man like Tom will be aroused. Don’t worry.array 排列，队形The troops were formed in battle array.articulate 发音清晰的，善于表达的He is articulate about everything in the field ofeconomics.artificial 人工的，人造的，人为的artificial price controlsascend 登高，（渐渐）上升，升高The airplane ascended into the cloud.ascertain 查明，弄清，确定I ascertained that he was dead.ashamed 惭愧的，羞耻的I am ashamed for being so stupid.ashore 向岸，向陆地He swam ashore.aside 在旁边We stood aside to let her pass.assault 攻击，袭击We made an assault on the enemy fort.assemble 集合，召集assemble the members of Parliament for a special meeting.assert 肯定地说（出），坚定地断言He asserted his innocence.assess 估价，评价，评论assess the present state of the economyassign 分配，布置（作业）The teacher assigned (us) a new lesson.assimilate 吸收，消化He is quick to assimilate new ideas.associate （使）联系，（使）结合We naturally associated the name of Darwin with the doctrineof evolution.assume 假定，假设Farmers will have a bumper harvest, assuming (that) the weather sifavarable.assure 深信不疑地对......说，向......保证assurance 保证，把握，信心He gave me his assurance that he would help.astonish 使惊讶I was astonished at his sudden appearance.attach 系，贴，连接attach a label to a suitcaseattain 达到，获得attain one’s goalattend 出席，参加（会议等）attend a weddingattendance 出席，参加，出席人数，出席率Our class has perfect attendance today. attentive 注意的，专心的an attentive audienceattribute 把归因于，把......（过错的责任等）归于(to) He attributed his success to hard work. auxiliary 辅助的an auxiliary rocketavail 有利于，有助于Will force alone avail us?average 平均数，平均The paper receives an average of nearly 100 articles a day.avert 挡开，防止，避免Many traffic accidents can be averted by courtesy.awake 醒，觉醒awake from sleepaward 授予（奖品等）The university awarded him an honorary degree.ban （以官方明令）禁止，取缔He was banned from entering the city.bang （突发的）sudden loud bangbar 条，块，杆，棒 a bar of goldbare 赤裸的，光秃的，空无内容的walk in bare feetbeforehand 预先，事先If you wanted soup for lunch you should have told me beforehand. behave 举止端正，听话Do behave.bewilder 使迷惑，使糊涂I’m bewildered as to which one to buy.bias 偏见，偏心have a bias against sb.(或sth.)blame 责备，责怪Public opinion blames Mrs Smith for leading the girl astray.blast 一阵（风），一股（气流） a blast of windblaze 火焰The fire sprang into a blaze.blunt 钝的The sun was blazing down and the heat was oppressive.blush （因害羞、激动、窘困）脸红blush with(或for) joyboast 自吹自擂，自夸的话He is full of boasts.bolt 螺栓，（门，窗的）插销 a small bag of nuts and boltsboom 低沉有回响的声音The great bell tolled with a deep boom.border 边界，边境，边沿 a district on the Kampuchean side of the border with Thailand bore 钻孔，挖（通道）bore through a wallbounce 弹起，反弹The ball doesn’t bounce well.bound 跳跃，弹回She bounded to her feet and waved her right hand triumphantly.boycott （联合起来）抑制，拒绝参加boycott uncooperative manufacturesbrace 托架，支架He braced his muscles and lifted the weight.breed （使）繁殖Rabbits breed families rapidly.bribe 贿赂accept(或take)a bribe from sb.brief 短暂的，简短的，简洁的 a brief holidaybrisk 轻快的，生气勃勃的 a brisk pacebrittle 易碎的，一碰就破的brittle glassbrush 刷子，毛刷 a laundry brushbump 碰，撞(against, into) The truck bumped against the wall in the dark.burst 爆炸，爆裂The boiler burst.calculate 计算，推算calculate the distance between New Y ork and Chicagocall 喊，叫Please call the names of all the people who are present.cancel 取消，废除，删去cancel a tripcapture 俘虏，捕获capture butterfliescase 事例，事实，事情This is a case of poor judgment.cast 投，扔，抛，撒，掷cast doubt(s) on the feasibility of a schemecasual 偶然的，无计划的，随便的，非正式的 a casual meetingcease 停止，终止，结束The music ceased suddenly.certify 证明，证实The accounts were certified (as) correct.challenge 向...挑战Our school challenged the local champion team to a football match. character （事物的）性质，特质The furniture in Tom’s apartment was pretentious and withoutcharacter.charge 要（价），收（费）The airlines charge half price for students.charm 魅力，魔力This thriving resort town has retained its village charm.chase 追逐，追求The police chased the escaping thief and caught him at last.check 使突然停止，制止check one’s stepscherish 珍爱，珍视cherish one’s native landchew 嚼，咀嚼He chewed a mouthful of meat.choke 窒息，噎住be choked by smokechorus 合唱队chronic （疾病）慢性的，（人）久病的chronic indigestionclarity 澄清，阐明clarify an issuecling 粘着The frightened child clung to her mother.clumsy 笨拙的 a clumsy boycluster （果实，花等的）串，束，簇; (人或物)的群，组 a cluster of touristsclutch 紧抓，紧握clutch at an opportunitycoherent 一致的，协调的lack coherent political goalscoin 硬币，钱币，金属货币 a silver coincoincide 相符，相一致100 Centigrade coincides with 212 Fahrenheit.collaborate （尤指在文艺、科学等方面）合作，协作He and I collaborated in writing plays. collapse 倒坍，崩溃，瓦解The roof collapsed under the weight of the snow.collide 碰撞，互撞The car collided with the truck.come 来，来到Will you come to the dance tonight?commemorate 纪念，庆祝commemorate a holidaycommend 表扬，称赞commend a soldier for braverycompact 紧密的，坚实的 a compact piece of luggagecompare 比较，对照(with, to) compare the body to a finely tuned machinecompatible 能和睦相处的，合的来的Y ou should choose a roommate more compatible toyour tastes.compile 汇编，编制compile an anthology of poemscomply 遵从，顺从，服从comply with rules(safety regulations)compose 组成，构成England, Scotland, and Wales compose the island of Great Britain. compress 压缩He compresses a lifetime as a soldier into a few sentencescomprise 包含，包括The shipyard comprises three docks.compromise 妥协，折衷compromise over the hard-fought next.compulsory 必须做的，义务的 a compulsory subjectconceal 隐藏，隐瞒，隐蔽He concealed his disappointment from his friends.conceive 构想出，设想conceive an ideaconcentrate 集中，专心concentrate one’s attentioncondemn 谴责We all condemn cruelty to children.condense （使）压缩，（使）凝结，使简洁condense a speech to halfconfer 商谈，商议confer with sb. Over (on, about, concerning) sth.confess 坦白，供认，承认，忏悔confess one’s crimeconfidence 信任break sb.’s confidenceconfine 限制，使局限They succeeded in confining the fire to a small area.confirm 证实，肯定confirm a rumourconflict （尤指长期的）战争，战斗The conflict between Greece and Troy lasted ten years. conform 遵照，适应confirm to(或with) the rules(the law)confront （使）面临，（使）遭遇The war confronted him with hardships.confuse 使混乱，混淆He confused the arrangements by arriving late.connect 连接，连接The bridge connects the island with(或to) the mainland.conscious 意识到的，自觉地They were conscious that he disapproved.consent 同意，赞同，准许The people will never consent to another war.conserve 保护，保藏，保存conserve natural resourcesconsider 考虑，细想Consider carefully before doing anything.consist 组成，构成(of) The house consists of six rooms.consolidate 巩固，加强consolidate one’s positionconspicuous 显眼的，明显的，引人瞩目的He felt as conspicuous as if he had stood on astage.constant 经常的，不断的 a constant noiseconstitute 组成，构成constitute a threat to sb.consult 请教，与......商量consult a doctor about one’s illnessconsume 消费,花费: consume mu ch of one’s time in readingcontact 接触,联系,交往: be in contact with sbcontain 包括,容纳, a list containing twelve itemscontaminate弄脏,污染,玷污,毒害: Fumes contaminate the aircontempt轻视,轻蔑:show a contempt for sbcontest竞赛,比赛,竞争:the contest between the two powers for the control of the region contract合同,契约:enter into(make)a contact withcontradict反驳,同….相矛盾,同….相抵触:The facts contradict his theorycontrary相反的,对抗的:take the contrary viewcontrast对照,对比,(对比之下显出的)差异:the contrast between the two forms of government contribute捐(款等),捐献:He contributed 5dollars to the charity every paydaycontrive设计,想出:contrive a new methodcontroversy(尤之以文字形式进行的争论),辨证:a point of controversyconvention(正式)会议,(定期)大会:draft a new constitution at a conventionconvert转变,转化:convert coal to (into) pipeline gasconvey运送,输送,传送:a wire conveys an electric currentconvict(经审讯)证明…有罪,宣判…有罪:He was convicted of smugglingcoordinate调节,协调:coordinate the functions of government agenciescordial热情友好的,热诚的,真心的:a cordial hello(smile, invitation)correspond相符合相称(to,with):Fulfillment seldom corresponds to anticipation correspondent通信者,通讯员,记者:a good(bad)correspondentcorresponding符合的,一致的:corresponding fingerprintscorrode(渐渐)损害,(一点一点地)损伤:Bribery corrodes the confidence that must exist betweenbuyer and sellercorrupt堕落的,腐败的,贪赃舞弊的:lead a corrupt lifecount数,计算: count the moneycourse课程,科目:an English coursecourtesy 谦恭有礼。

2011年—2021年真题单词

2011年真题完型填空部分precious a.宝贵的，珍贵的claim n.声明；宣称；断言to the contrary 与此相反（的）fitness n.健康blood vessel 血管oxygen n.氧气consumption n.消耗量，消费量jogging n.慢跑strain v.用力拉，拉紧；拉伤build v.发展，构成apparently ad.看来，似乎，好像date back to 自……存在至今，追溯到……年代tone n.（肌肉）结实、强壮【僻义】die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐平息conceivably ad.可想象地，可信地feedback n.反馈state n.状况，状态muscular a.肌肉的artificial a.人为的；非自然的enthusiastically ad.热心地；满腔热情地contract v.（使某物）紧缩或收缩【僻义】frown n.皱眉the other way around 相反地、倒过来、以相反方式阅读理解部分Text 1【词汇注释】Philharmonic n.爱乐乐团favorable a.称赞的sober-sided a.持重的，严肃的comparatively ad.比较上，相对地unpretentious a.不爱炫耀的air n.感觉；印象；神态formidable a.可怕的；令人敬畏的conductor n.指挥家orchestra n.管弦乐队hitherto ad.迄今composition n.音乐作品devoted a.挚爱的；忠诚的；全心全意的concertgoer n.音乐会常客substitute n.代替者；代替物instrumentalist n.乐器演奏家troupe n.演出团，剧团，歌舞团institution n.由来已久的习惯，制度markedly ad.显著地，明显地repertoire n.（剧团、表演者的）全部曲目/节目【词汇搭配】the talk of 讨论的话题to say the least 至少可以说with no air of 没有……的架子strike...as...给某人以……印象for one's part 就某人来说a variety of 各种各样的orchestral music 交响乐boot up 装入操作系统，启动计算机公众号：八爪丸子live/recorded performance 现场/录音演奏of one's choosing 自主选择bring about 引起，导致be capable of 具备能力expand the orchestra's repertoire 增加表演节目Text 2【词汇注释】straight a.坦率的，直截了当的cloak v.遮盖；掩盖vague a.含糊的，不明确的broadcast v.公开宣布（信息等）board n.董事会impulsive a.冲动造成的aspiration n.渴望，抱负，志向executive n.高管scrutinize v.仔细查看；认真检查succession n.继承，继任，继承权turbulent a.动荡的；动乱的cautious a.小心的；谨慎的pronouncement n.声明，公告，宣告cloud v.使模糊；给……蒙上阴影turnover n.人事变更率；人员调整率abound v.大量存在headhunter n.猎头instruct v.指示；命令sitting a.现任的recruiter n.招聘人员disgrace n.丢脸，耻辱【词汇搭配】depart as 辞去……职务come out 公开表明（同意或不同意）reflect on 认真思考succession plans 继任计划，接班人的培训计划get the nod 得到点头认可take hold 开始完全控制，变得十分强大deputy chiefs 副总裁，二把手pick up 恢复，改善adhere to 坚持，墨守，遵从attend to 处理；对付；照料；关怀Text 3【词汇注释】exploit v.运用，利用alternative a.可供替代的；其他的promote v.宣传（某物）以促进销售leverage v.利用alert n.警报，文中引申为“提醒”approach v.着手处理（事务、难题等）act v.充当；起作用initiator n.创始人，发起人define v.阐明；明确；界定traffic n.流量appeal n.吸引力voice v.表露，表达（感情或意见）hijack v.劫持asset n.财产，资产hostage n.人质，本文衍生为“劫持物”公众号：八爪丸子stakeholder n.利益相关者activist n.激进分子allegation n.说法，指控boycott v.抵制steep a.（上升或下降）突然的；急剧的alleviate v.减轻engage v.与……建立密切关系；尽力理解dominance n.支配，控制【词汇搭配】print advertisement 平面广告promote sth.to sb.将某物推荐给某人stem from 是……的结果，起源于be obsessed with 牵挂、着迷或痴迷于act as 充当，担任define...as...将……定义为……in one's infancy 处于萌芽状态，幼年期go further 走得更远，有更大发展the presence of ……的出现/存在user traffic 用户访问量dramatic technological changes 重大技术变革voice one's opinions 发表意见the opposite of ……的反面become hostage to 成为……的人质make negative allegations 发表负面评论apply pressure on 向……施加压力put sb./sth.at risk 使……处于危机中racall crisis 召回危机well-orchestrated 精心策划的engage with sb.与……接洽，交流Text 4【词汇注释】insightful a.富有洞察力的fulfilling a.让人感觉有意义的；令人满足的miserable a.不幸的，可怜的dampen v.使扫兴，使沮丧newsstand n.报摊pregnant a.怀孕的feature v.以……为特色persistently ad.持续不断地celebrate v.颂扬procreation n.生育provoke v.煽动，激励gape v.张开；裂开；豁开dumb a.愚钝的glamorous a.富有魅力的，诱人的happiness-enhancing a.提升幸福感的【词汇搭配】child rearing 育儿anything less than 绝不是moment-to-moment joy 即时即地的快乐day-to-day experience 日复一日的经历dampen one's moods 使人心情沮丧as well as 既……又……；此外mom-to-be 准妈妈be equivalent to 等同于公众号：八爪丸子be bothered with 受……困扰lean on 依赖，依靠on one's own 独自round-the-clock 日夜不停，夜以继日的a piece of cake 小菜一碟in a small way 以细微的方式contribute to 增加、增进新题型部分【词汇注释】professionalism n.专业化enthusiasm n.热切，热情humanities n.［复数］人文学科concern n.忧虑，担心，关切discipline n.知识领域，学科leading a.最重要的，首要的grounding n.基础训练canon n.原则，准则，标准glue n.胶，粘合剂professorship n.教授的级别（或职位等）post n.职务，岗位award v.授予（奖项、学位等）variety n.种类，类型non-specialist n.非专业人员qualification n.专业资格professionalise v.使专业化grant n.（政府、机构的）拨款faculty n.（大学的）系或院，全体教员acquisition n.（知识、技能等的）获得prerequisite n.先决条件，前提specialisation n.专业transmissible a.可传递的transferable a.可转用的，行得通的academic n.大学教师detach v.挣脱，脱离society n.［作可数名词时］社会（指有共同的法律、组织、习俗等的某个群体）inquiry n.调查，探索exclusionary a.排外的holistic a.整体的，全面的quite ad.完全地，真正地subtle a.微妙的，精致的intelligent a.睿智的，聪明的resistance n.抵抗，抵制capture v.捕捉；（准确地）表达、描述【经典搭配】seize on 突然大为关注，抓住drop out 退学；辍学go out of style 过时major in 主修，专攻have/get a grounding in sth.在某方面有基础educated person 受到良好教育的人end up with 以……结束；最终成为graduate school 研究生院，研究所cut across 抄近路穿过，径直穿过，与……相抵触liberal-arts education 文科教育embark on/upon sth.着手，开始（新的或艰难的事情）公众号：八爪丸子rise/increase fourfold 增加至四倍，增长了三倍take its toll (on sb./sth.)产生恶果；造成重大损失turn sb./sth.into sth.使某人或某物变成翻译部分【词汇注释】weaver n.织布工，编织者in-depth a.彻底的，深入详尽的assumption n.假定，假设erroneous a.错误的sustain v.使保持，使稳定持续illusion n.错觉presence n.出席，存在embody v.具体表现contention n.看法，观点justification n.正当理由rationalization n.合理化，理性化exploitation n.剥削，榨取superiority n.优越inferiority n.低等，卑微knee-jerk a.本能反应的prospect n.成功的机会，前途biographer n.传记作家sobering a.使人警醒的，使人清醒的upside n.（糟糕局面的）好的一面，正面array n.一系列，大量【经典搭配】be faced with 面临across with 符合，一致be designed to 被设计用于bring out 激发，激起be up to 取决于……的，须由……决定的【亮点表达】we are continually faced with 我们不断面对……be damaged by the presenceof 因……的出现而受到损害写作部分小作文部分【必备表达】inspirational a.给予启迪的self-discovery 自我发现aspirant a.有抱负的undergo v.经历"ugly duckling-swan"phase 丑小鸭变天鹅历程be true to oneself 忠于本心the glamour of fashion industry 时尚界的光鲜魅力【活用外刊】strike a chord with...引起……的共鸣add appeal to...为……增加吸引力大作文部分公众号：八爪丸子【必备表达】recklessly ad.不在意地scenery n.景色be littered with...充满……的spoil v.毁坏；破坏poignant criticism 尖锐犀利的批评uncivil conduct 不文明行为scenic spot 景点casually ad.不经意地no big deal 没什么了不起的passer-by 过客swallow up 吞没for one thing...for another...一方面……另一方面……relevant authorities 相关部门supervise v.监督law breaker 违法者shared efforts 共同的努力landscape n.风景magnificent a.壮丽的ancient monument 古迹tourism industry 旅游产业scenery/scenicspot/touristattraction 景区household garbage 生活垃圾the deterioration of our environment at tourist spots 景区环境退化【活用外刊】clutter v.乱堆放/n.杂乱的东西a clutter of 形容放置混乱的物品assume responsibility for...接受……的责任2012年真题完型填空部分ethical a.伦理的，道德的justice n.法官legitimacy n.合法，合理，正当guardian n.保护者；守卫者the rule of law 法治impartial a.公正的，中立的code n.道德准则judiciary n.司法部，司法系统framer n.制定者envision v.展望；想象apart from 远离，脱离开permanent a.永久的，永恒的constitutional a.宪法的，立宪的fundamental a.基本的，根本的inescapably ad.不可避免地ideological a.意识形态的阅读理解部分Text 1【词汇注释】whisper v.小声说，耳语contend v.主张，坚决认为recipient n.接受者state-sponsored a.州政府资助的perceptive a.敏锐的，有洞察力的critique n.批评，评论lameness n.缺陷，不足之处spot-on a.准确的公众号：八爪丸子mobilize v.调动，动员glaring a.明显的probe v.探索，探究subtle a.不易察觉的，微妙的bureaucrat n.官员、官僚steer n.引导virtuous a.有道德的tactic n.方法，策略engineer v.策划，设计【僻义】【经典搭配】whispered message 耳语peer pressure 同侪压力lead to no good 带不来什么好事social cure 社会治疗group dynamics 群体互动in action 进行中的，正在发挥作用的set out to do sth.开始做某事HIV-prevention initiative 预防艾滋病毒的倡议dare to do sth.敢于做某事desire nothing more than...最渴望……fit in 融入，合群take a page from sb.向某人学习general effectiveness 整体效果a glaring flaw 明显的缺陷lasting changes 持久的变化exert influence on sth.对某事产生影响positive/negative health habits 积极/消极健康习惯break up 拆开the back row 后排pair A with B 将A 和B 配对insist on doing sth.坚持做某事Text 2【词汇注释】involve v.包含，牵连supplier n.供应者，供应商justified a.合理的；无可厚非的outrage n.义愤，愤怒longstanding a.长时间的constitutionality n.合宪性desperate a.不顾一切的，孤注一掷的surface v.（隐藏或掩盖一段时间后）浮出水面，显露reactor n.反应堆approval n.赞成，批准，认可operate v.工作，运转subject a.取决于；视……而定legislature n.立法机关foresee v.预见，预知partial a.部分的，不完全的collapse n.突然倒下；倒塌；坍塌leakage n.渗漏；泄漏invalid a.无效的regulatory a.管理的，控制的obscure a.不分明的，费解的precedent-setting a.开创先例的patchwork n.拼缝物，补丁pledge v.保证给予、正式承诺review v.复审，重新考虑公众号：八爪丸子defy v.藐视，蔑视，违抗withdraw v.撤回【经典搭配】energy supplier 能源供应商renege on 背信弃义，食言alongstandingcommitmentto 对……的一项长期承诺abide by 遵守challenge the constitutionality of 质疑……的合宪性federal court 联邦法院a desperate effort 拼死努力as a condition of 作为……的条件seek permission from 获取……的许可extension of the license 许可证延期be subject to 服从，受……支配，取决于live by 按照某种信念或原则生活、做事；遵守a string of 一连串raise questions about...引起对……的质疑keep one's words 遵守承诺beside the point 与讨论的问题无关，无关紧要go to war with 与……开战pledge to do 保证，发誓keep in mind 牢记Text 3【词汇注释】idealize v.（使）理想化context n.背景，环境subsequent a.随后的，后来的misinterpretation n.误解self-deception n.自欺deceptiveness n.欺骗protoscience n.源科学stake v.用桩支撑，标桩mining n.采矿scrutiny n.仔细而彻底的检查credibility n.可信，可靠inspection n.检查，审查intellectual a.智力的interaction n.相互作用，相互影响paradox n.悖论，自相矛盾的话duplication n.重复，复制modification n.修改，修饰refutation n.辩驳，反驳novelty n.新奇的事物physiologist n.生理学家inspire v.激发想法、启发、启迪correspond v.相一致、符合revise v.校订，修正conception n.理解；概念【经典搭配】idealized version 理想方式carry out one's work 开展工作follow a...route 沿着……路径prior knowledge 先验知识opportunities for...……的可能性stake (out)a claim 公开声明对……拥有所有权公众号：八爪丸子full of potential 充满潜能transform...into 将……转变为……take control of 掌控act as 担任……角色work one's way through 排除困难朝特定方向前进be viewed as 被视为not surprisingly 毫不奇怪地appear to be 貌似……open to challenge 面对挑战happen to 突然降临到……身上correspond to 相当于Text 4【词汇注释】represent v.为……代言，维护……的利益prime n.全盛时期unionized a.加入到工会的bright a.聪明的dominate v.支配，控制，影响fearsome a.可怕的，害怕的budget n.预算patrol v.巡查，巡逻backload v.回程装载modest a.些许的，不太大（或太贵等）generous a.大量的，丰富的secure v.（尤指经过努力）获得augment v.增加，增大oppose v.反对，反抗notoriously ad.出名地academy n.私立中学，学院，学会variable n.可变的事物，可变的量hardline a.强硬的，不妥协的norm n.标准，规范【经典搭配】civil servants 公务员be in one's prime 正值鼎盛时期public sector 公共部门private sector 私有部门left-of-centre politics 中左政治go back a long way 由来已久Labor Party 工党as its name implies 顾名思义at the...level 在……层面/范围state's budget 州政府预算keep an eye on 密切留意work practices 工作惯例、体制pay deals 工资协定charter schools 特许学校merit pay 绩效工资get rid of 摆脱clamp down 镇压rally against 召集人群以反对……norms of culture 文化标准civil services 行政部门stay out 保持不变high achievers 成功人士fat pay packets 丰厚工资attract much criticism 饱受指摘新题型部分【词汇注释】公众号：八爪丸子fleeting a.短暂的，飞逝的laptop n.笔记本电脑，便携式电脑brown-paper a.牛皮纸的envelope n.信封，封皮marvel n.奇迹inheritor n.（生活或思想的）继承人entrepreneur n.企业家visionary n.梦想家，有远见的人labour v.辛勤工作，努力studio n.录音室，播音室；工作室distribution n.分配，分发reception n.接收；接待celebrate v.赞美，称颂upload v.（信息、计算机程序等）上传beaver n.海狸superfluous a.多余的，不必要的sculpture n.雕刻，雕塑architecture n.建筑stuck a.不能动；不能继续做某事advent n.出现，到来pyramid n.金字塔modify v.修改，更改tap n.水龙头（文中为比喻用法）flow v.流动stickiness n.粘性；吸引人adhere v.粘着，依附，追随precisely ad.恰好，正是strip v.除去，剥夺constituent n.成分，构成humanity n.人性millennium n.千禧年embed v.使嵌入access v.到达，进入，使用spark v.引起，导致shape v.对……有影响mount v.发起，施加bear v.具有，带有，显示persistence n.持续、持久性reverse v.颠倒，彻底改变【经典搭配】a dream come true 梦想成真printing press 印刷机the mail carrier 邮差act with caution 步步小心，言行谨慎commercial agenda 商业模式at work 在起作用，在运作中move through 穿过，通过（movethrough the world 在文中比喻“动物在世上生存”）turn around 反过来，扭转过来strip sb.of sth.剥夺（头衔、财产或权力）（A 项）翻译部分【词汇注释】characterize v.以……特征enterprise n.（尤指艰巨而重大的）事业commonality n.普遍性，共性explicatory a.解释的unification n.统一generative a.生成的equation n.等式，公式simplification n.简化公众号：八爪丸子dimension n.范围universe n.领域entail v.牵涉，使（某事物）必要justification n.证明为正当，辩护trace v.追溯，追查constrained a.受限制的，受约束的bewildering a.令人眼花缭乱的courtship n.求爱ritual n.仪式cognitive a.认知的comparative a.比较的trait n.特性consider v.讨论universality n.普遍性initiate v.发起，创始innate a.天生的acquisition n.（语言）习得dictate v.命令，支配unfold v.展现，充分表现empirical a.经验主义的identify v.确定，辨认constraint n.限制，束缚track v.穿过，通过predict v.预言，预测lineage n.宗族，谱系【经典搭配】filter out...from...过滤courtship rituals 示爱仪式in terms of 在某一方面，从某方面来说in the light of 根据，按照result from 由……造成family tree 谱系bear out 证实【亮点表达】bind...into...束缚，约束take sth.to extreme 把某事物推向极端itseemsreasonabletosupposethat 似乎有理由认为put sth.to the test 使受考验、检验be independent of 不相关的，不受影响的strong co-dependencies between...紧密互依性、相互依赖写作部分小作文部分【必备表达】facilitate v.使便利，促进overcome language barriers 克服语言障碍practice diligently 勤练it is advisable to...建议……boast v.有，以拥有……而自豪fulfilling a.有意义的，实现自我的【活用外刊】culture shock 文化冲击get acquainted with （使某人或自己）开始了解、熟悉某事be familiar with 熟悉、精通……大作文部分公众号：八爪丸子【必备表达】get tipped over 被打翻在地spill v.泼洒，使溅出gloomy a.沮丧的，情绪低落的wear a ...look 面带……之色lament v.悲叹agreeably ad.愉悦地reach out 伸手去拿confront v.（问题或困境）降临于spell v.（通常是坏事）招致，意味着spur v.鞭策，激励self-evident a.不言而喻的，明显的adversity n.逆境strike v.打击a comprehensive perspective 辩证全面的眼光keep forging ahead 快速前进，不断进步optimistic a.乐观的optimist n.乐观者positive a.积极的bright a.光明的promising a.有前途的sanguine a.乐观的pessimistic a.悲观的pessimist n.悲观者negative a.消极的grim a.（前景）暗淡的despair v./n.绝望【活用外刊】curse one's luck 骂自己运气不好look for a silver lining 在困境中寻找一线光明2013年真题完型填空部分unbiased a.公正的，无偏见的speculate v.推测，猜测sentence v.宣判，判决defendant n.被告turn to 改用，开始转向（新的方法、新的对象等）admission n.允许进入，录用scale n.等级，级别in conjunction with sb./sth.与某人/某物一起candidate n.应试者，投考者otherwise ad.用别的方法，在另外的情况下阅读理解部分Text 1【词汇注释】version n.版本descend v.下降；下去bargin n.便宜货doubtless ad.无疑地；确定地feverish a.发热的；焦躁不安的indictment n.起诉书；控告label n.标签；商标anticipate v.预期，期望公众号：八爪丸子turnaround n.转变；转向inventory n.存货，存货清单disposable a.可任意处理的wash n.洗涤，洗一水dirt-cheap a.非常便宜的hijack v.抢劫victim n.受害人；牺牲品knit n.编织衣物strain v.滥用non-durable a.不耐用的roughly ad.概略地craft n.工艺；手艺curb v.控制exhibit v.表现出；显示idealism n.理想主义sustainability n.持续性；永续性vanity n.虚荣心constant n.恒量【经典搭配】played by 由……饰演scold sb.for sth.因……斥责某人descend from...to...由……降至……over the years 这些年来，多年来fashion show 时装秀，时装展out of date 过时at odds with 与……相矛盾react to 对……做出反应anticipate demand 预测需求style-conscious consumers 有时尚意识的消费者last only a wash or two 只禁得住洗一两次on-trend items 正流行的物品at dirt-cheap price 以极低的价格long accustomed to 长久以来习惯于……be limited to 仅限于……rely on 依赖，依靠order in volumes 大量下订单massive amount of 大量的fill a hunger and need 满足食欲和需求nomatterhowmuch/how many/when/how...无论多少/什么时候/如何……towards the end of 在……即将结束之时assb.isthefirst tonote/mention/write 正如被……首次注意到/提到/写到的一样it takes sb ...to do sth.花费……做某事knock off 迅速而轻松地完成make efforts to do sth.努力做某事curb one's impact on 控制……对……的影响collection line 某一时装系列effect lasting change 生成持久的变化common to 常见于某一群体之中shop sustainably 可持续性购买，绿色购物Text 2【词汇注释】公众号：八爪丸子fraction n.部分behavioural a.行为的illustrate v.阐明，举例说明fine-grained a.精准的assume v.假定track v.追踪explicit a.明确的；清楚的permission n.允许，许可browser n.浏览器alliance n.联盟，联合default n.系统默认值horrify v.使恐惧；惊骇setting n.设置preference n.偏爱，倾向oblige v.迫使；强制comply v.遵守；顺从guarantee n.保证favourably ad.有利地blog v.发博客【经典搭配】An old saying has it that...常言道……The trouble is...问题是……advertising budget 广告预算in the internet age 在互联网时代at least in theory 至少在理论上search for 搜索click on 点击aim sth.at sb.使某物针对某人most likely to do sth.最有可能做某事in the past couple of weeks 在过去的几周里fine-grained information 精准信息explicit permission 明确许可Federal Trade Commission FTC ，美国联邦贸易委员会internet browser 互联网浏览器due to do sth.预定做某事get crack on 加快做某事的速度respond to 对……做出反应set off the row 挑起争论human nature being what it is 人性使然stick with 坚持chief executive 最高层管理者worse off 恶化，情况更坏better off 情况好转oblige sb.to do sth.迫使某人做某事object to 反对press on 坚定地继续go it alone 单独行动，独自干comply with 顺从，遵从work out 想出，得出huge selling point 大卖点compare...favourably with...将……与……进行有利对比on that count 在那一方面Text 3【词汇注释】vision n.美景；幻象uniformly ad.一致地glowingly ad.白热地；灼热地ill n.不幸；困难公众号：八爪丸子fulfilment n.实现，完成utopia n.乌托邦（理想中最美好的社会）unfashionable a.过时的；不时髦的appreciation n.认识；理解asteroid n.小行星epidemic a.流行的；传染性的tempt v.诱惑gloominess n.悲观；沮丧misplace v.放错地方endure v.持续Homo sapiens 智人（现代人的学名）adaptable a.能适应的flagship n.旗舰mechanical a.机械的wilfully ad.任性固执地dazzlingly ad.耀眼地fiction n.小说；虚构futurologist n.未来学家envisage v.想象publication n.出版物considerable a.相当大的assurance n.保证descendant n.后裔；子孙pessimistic a.悲观的fad n.时尚；一时流行的狂热rosy a.美好的knowledgeable a.知识渊博的【经典搭配】by no means 绝不glowingly positive 极为乐观cure ills 治疗疾病，解决问题lead to 通往，引入gain an appreciation of...获得对……的认识face a threat 面临威胁asteroid strike 小行星撞击be tempted to 禁不住……look forward to 展望，期盼fossil record 化石记录have an excellent chance 大有希望look up 查阅threatened species 濒危物种result in 导致，致使population decline 种群衰落，人口下降flagship project 旗舰项目mark time 计时thousands of years hence此后数千年immediate/near future 近期未来，不久的将来social consequence 社会影响it's best to do sth.最好做某事launch a publication 发行一本刊物dedicated to 致力于take a ...view 采取……的视角a surprising amount 惊人的数量identify a pattern 识别出一种模式shape the history of...塑造……的历史make forecast 作出预测long perspective 长远视角pessimistic view 悲观看法a passing fad 一时的风尚to be sure 的确，诚然reduce risk 减少风险公众号：八爪丸子threaten the existence of...威胁……的生存improve the lot of 改善……命运Text 4【词汇注释】Constitution n.宪法defeat n.失败overturn v.推翻，倾覆contest v.质疑，提出异议provision n.规定，条款fashion v.使成形，做成parallel a.平行的deliberately ad.谨慎地，慎重地intrude v.闯入，侵入privileged a.享有特权的verify v.核实；查证enforcement n.执行conflict v.冲突statute n.法规；法令robust a.强有力的assertion n.声明invalidate v.使无效legitimate a.合法的exclusively ad.唯一地；专有地administration n.管理；行政rightly ad.合适地；恰当地remarkable a.值得注意的；惊人的【经典搭配】knock out 破坏、使无效on the matter of 在……的问题上upset the balance of powerbetween...打破两者间力量的平衡（使情况向有利自身的方向发展）have sb.do sth.使某人做某事run parallel to 与……平行contested provision 受质疑条款intrude on 侵犯，违背privileged powers 特权come in contact with 接触到law enforcement 执法agree with 同意conflict with 与……相抵触、冲突go back to 追溯到turn on 以……为中心、取决于comply with 遵守；符合to the letter 丝毫不差；不折不扣in effect 实际上，事实上in essence 实际上，其实carry out 执行、贯彻、完成、实现新题型部分【词汇注释】flouring a.繁荣的academia n.学术界swell v.增加，上涨enormous a.庞大的，巨大的sustainable a.可持续的agro-technological a.农业技术的eradicate v.根除artificial a.人造的fertilizer n.肥料paraphrase v.（用更容易理解的文字）解释公众号：八爪丸子destruction n.破坏，毁灭disciplinary a.学科的internal a.内部的external a.外部的tackle v.处理accumulation n.积聚，累积trick n.窍门，技巧direct v.控制，管理specifically ad.专门地，特意地collaborative a.合作的，协作的endeavor n.努力integrate v.使……完整；使……成整体demographic a.人口统计学的marine a.海洋的mindset n.心态，思维方式evolve v.发展specialized a.专业的stem v.阻止consumption n.消费；消耗reluctant a.不情愿的；勉强的cross-cutting n.跨领域，交叉【经典搭配】as of 直至，在……时not necessarily 不一定，未必so long as 只要be up in arms over sth.对某事强烈反对翻译部分【词汇注释】speculate v.推测irrepressible a.抑制不住的strike v.使意识到（尤指强烈地），突然想到，猛然意识到speak of 显示出urge n.强烈的欲望；冲动turbulence n.（环境或情绪的）混乱，迷惑sacred a.神圣的；受崇敬的crude a.粗糙的，简陋的，未精加工的composure n.镇静，沉着，宁静discerniblea.可识别的；可辨别inarticulate a.沉默无言的intrinsic a.固有的，内在的，本质的demoralization n.道德败坏，精神颓废，士气消沉，自暴自弃oppression n.压抑，沉闷，苦恼vanish v.消失；突然不见；消亡unfeasible a.不能实行的，难实施的implicit a.不言明的；含蓄的；隐含的synthetic a.合成的，人造的biophilia n.热爱生命的天性yearning n.思念，渴望uncanny a.神秘的【经典搭配】in the midst of 在……之中；在……的时候in effect 事实上，实际上be deprived of 丧失；被剥夺give in to 屈服于公众号：八爪丸子【亮点表达】There is no doubt that...……是毋庸置疑的wh-ever/however 无论/不管……blame sth.on sb./sth.把某坏事归咎于某人/某事写作部分小作文部分【必备表达】host n.主持人plain a.简单的，平实的contemporary a.当代的perseverance n.坚持不懈late a.已故的heartbreakingly ad.使人心碎地extraordinary a.非凡的intellectual n.知识分子diligent a.勤奋的【活用外刊】benefit...alike 使……都受益at earliest convenience方便时请早日……大作文部分【必备表达】a flock of 一群a fork in the road 分岔路口an air of...……的样子dilemma n.困境it's imperative to...必须……make a prudent and sensible decision 做出谨慎而明智的决定an objective appraisal of one's abilities 对自己的能力进行客观评估It may sound cliche ……也许听起来陈词滥调set one's heart on...对……下定决心compass n.指南针make an optimal choice 做出最优选择choice/option/selection 选择life path 人生道路life journey 人生旅程make a wise/good choice 做出明智的/好的选择make a careful choice/carefully choose from 小心地选择【活用外刊】hunt for jobs 求职，找工作go a long way to/toward 对……大有帮助/好处2014年真题完型填空部分acquaintance n.相识的人，熟人occurrence n.（事件的）发生，发生的事senior n.老年人，较年长的人innocent a.无害的，无恶意的公众号：八爪丸子systematically ad.系统地，成体系地modify v.稍改，修改，（尤指）使改进resistance n.抵抗力，抗力，耐力vary v.使某事物有变化，改变阅读理解部分Text 1【词汇注释】Chancellor n.大臣，长官Exchequer n.英国财政部upfront a.预先的，预付的eligible a.有资格的，符合条件的fortnightly ad.两星期一次地，每两周地allowance n.津贴，补贴claim v.声称，断言benefit n.津贴，救济金complete with 装备有某事物，具有某特点indulgent a.放纵的，纵容的subsidise v.给……津贴或补助zeal n.热心，热情claimant n.申请人，要求者prospect n.可能性，机会，希望psychologically ad.心理上地embarrassing a.使人尴尬的，令人为难的feed v.养活instinct n.本能dependency n.依赖性ready a.愿意falsehood n.错误，虚伪insure v.保证，确保unconditional a.无条件的，无限制的payment n.支付款，支付的金额entitlement n.拥有或获得某物的权利insurance n.保障，保障措施【经典搭配】introduce a scheme 引进/推行一项计划only if...will...只有……才能……register for 登记、注册be eligible for 有资格的sign on 注册，登记stay off...远离……those on benefits 那些依靠救济生活的人get into work 找到工作on first hearing 乍听之下demand sth.from sb.要求某人做某事skip down 蹦蹦跳跳with a song in one's heart 心哼小曲、暗自兴奋delighted at the prospect of 因对……的憧憬而兴奋double your income 收入翻番be excluded from 被排除在……之外first instinct 第一直觉too ready to 非常愿意……，过分愿意……公众号：八爪丸子ever-tougher 日益严厉insure...against the risk of 保障……抵抗……风险unconditional payment 无条件支付conditional on 以……为条件Text 2【词汇注释】generate v.引发（某种感情）；造成（某种情况）hostility n.敌意，愤怒ground n.（常复数）充分的理由inflation n.通货膨胀（率）skyscraper n.摩天大楼pile v.蜂拥，拥挤nuisance n.（法律）妨碍公共利益的行为filer n.诉讼律师tort n.民事侵权行为costly a.昂贵的，代价高的excessive a.过多的，过分的path n.（达到或成就某事的）途径，方式the bar 法律专业（人士），法律界sensible a.明智的，合理的，实际的around ad.存在着body n.团体，机构implement v.实施，落实stern a.严厉的，严格的liberalize v.使自由化，放松对……的限制【经典搭配】all around the world 全世界范围内generate hostility 招惹敌意with the possible exception of...……可能排除在外have grounds for...有……的理由the economic crisis 经济危机legal services 法律服务make skyscrapers-full of money 赚得盆满钵满pile into 涌入the tort system 民事侵权法律系统excessive costs 高昂的费用；过高的代价legal education 法律教育the American Bar Association 美国律师协会the bar exam 律师资格考试average law-school graduate 普通的法学院毕业生on top of 除……之外work fearsomely hard 拼命努力工作for a long time 一段时间state-level body 州级机构too conservative to...太过保守以至于不能……sit for the bar 参加律师资格考试a would-by lawyer 想要成为律师的人cut...by a third将……削减三分之一guild-like ownership structure 行会式所有权结构公众号：八爪丸子from within the profession 从该行业内部isolate...from...使……远离……law firm 律师事务所professional manager 职业经理人focus on 聚焦于……after all 毕竟Text 3【词汇注释】Fundamental physics 基础物理学string n.一连串，一系列lucrative a.利润丰厚的，赚大钱的telephone-number-sized 像电话号码一样长的benefactor n.捐助者，捐资人a handful of 几个，少数class n.阶级，社会等级upstart a.暴富的exercise n.（为达到某种结果而进行的）活动，任务self-promotion 自我宣传distort v.扭曲，使失真peer review 同行评审，专家互相评阅cement v.加强，巩固status quo 现状perpetuate v.使持续scattered a.分散的distribute v.分配，分散recipient n.接受者，领受者outgrow v.长得太大了而不适用collaborative a.合力的，协作的row n.争论，争议boson n.玻色子legitimacy n.合法性，正统性mechanism n.机制gratitude n.感激，感谢grace n.优美，优雅【经典搭配】Fundamental Physics Prize 基础物理学奖be far from sth.远非……a string of 一连串，一系列be funded from 由……资助telephone-number-sized bankaccounts 巨额银行存款draw (sb)attention to...吸引对……的注意力news feature 新闻专题、特写you cannot buy class 金钱买不来地位draw...into...把……吸引入……make one's career在事业上有所成就some legitimate concerns about...一些关于……的合理担忧take a...view of sth.以……的眼光看某事when it comes to 当提及……的时候，涉及……的时候set up 设立as much as 尽管很……complain about 对……抱怨rather than 而不是公众号：八爪丸子Text 4【词汇注释】affirm v.确认，证实，断言the humanities and social sciences 人文与社会科学regrettably ad.令人遗憾地address v.处理，解决congressional a.国会的，议会的excellence n.优点，卓越top-tier 顶尖的，一流的prominent a.突出的，杰出的admirable a.值得赞扬的，可贵的presuppose v.预先设定，以……为先决条件informed a.了解情况的，见多识广的citizenry n.公民，市民（集合称）craft v.精制coherent a.连贯的curriculan.课程，课程体系（curriculum 的复数）illiberal a.缺乏人文教育的；无需人文教育的deprive v.剥夺，夺取，使丧失inquiry n.调查，质询，探究vehicle n.工具，传播媒介progressive a.进步的，不断前进的routinely ad.例行公事地，惯常地portray v.描述，描绘self-reliance 自力更生，自给自足display v.显示，展示obscure v.掩盖illuminate v.阐明，说明【经典搭配】deserve praise 值得赞扬liberal democracy 自由民主制the true nature 真实本质liberal education 人文教育cause more harm than good 招致更多损害而非好处take actions 采取行动individual benefactor 个人捐助者top-tier-university president 顶尖大学校长business executive 企业高管prominent figure 重要人物representative government 代议制政府an informed citizenry 开明的公民群体full literacy 全民教育digital technology 数字技术call for 呼吁coherent curricula 连贯的课程bring sth.to bear on/upon sth.用某物对某物施加压力/影响international affairs 国际事务study abroad program 留学项目in the making 在发展中，在形成中get to the heart of the matter 直击问题核心be deprived of 丧失，被剥夺at home 驾轻就熟，运用自如liberal idea 人文思想公众号：八爪丸子。

(完整word)2011年考研英语(一)真题及答案解析,推荐文档

2011年考研英语(一)真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exer cise precious to health.” But _____some claims to the contrary, laughing probably h as little influence on physical filness Laughter does _____short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, ____ heart rate and oxygen c onsumption But because hard laughter is difficult to ____, a good laugh is unl ikely to have _____ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.____, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughte r apparently accomplishes the ____, studies dat ing back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter. muscles,Such bodily reaction might conceivably help____the effects of psychologic al stress.Anyway,the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ___ ___feedback,that improve an individual’s emotional state. ______one classical th eory of emotion,our feelings are partially rooted _______ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ______they are sad but they become sad when te tears begin to flow.Although sadness also _______ tears,evidence suggests that emotions can f low _____ muscular responses.In an experiment published in 1988,social psych ologist Fritz.1．[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like2．[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce3．[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining4．[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe5．[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable6．[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief7．[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected8．[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes9．[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance10．[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal11．[A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for12．[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at13．[A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because14．[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses15．[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond16．[A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold17．[A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent18．[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted19．[A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing20．[A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]ConverselySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by c hoosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its ne xt music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the resp onse has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony T ommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, howeve r, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had adv ocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musicia n with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians li ke Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting com positions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhe re else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music fr om iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the a rt-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera ho uses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorde d performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recor dings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener’s choosing. The widespread availability of such r ecordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional cl assical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert’s own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly differ ent, more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship betwee n America’s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilbert’s appointment has[A]incurred criticism.[B]raised suspicion.[C]received acclaim.[D]aroused curiosity.22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is[A]influential.[B]modest.[C]respectable.[D]talented.23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers[A]ignore the expenses of live performances.[B]reject most kinds of recorded performances.[C]exaggerate the variety of live performances.[D]overestimate the value of live performances.24. According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?[A]They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.[B]They are easily accessible to the general public.[C]They help improve the quality of music.[D]They have only covered masterpieces.25. Regarding Gilbert’s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author fe els[A]doubtful.[B]enthusiastic.[C]confident.[D]puzzled.Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in th e usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much m y decision,”McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO a nd chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to th e outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn’t alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don’t get the nod also m ay wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior manage rs cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be m ore willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnove r was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders th ey had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunitie s will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconve ntional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Kor n/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey:”I can’t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”Those who jumped without a job haven’t always landed in to p positions q uickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she want ed to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-base d commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambiti ons to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution thr ee years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The fin ancial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a ba d one. “The traditional rule was it’s safer to stay where you are, but that’s be en fundamentally inverted,” says one headhunter. “The people who’ve been hur t the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.”26. When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be describ ed as being[A]arrogant.[B]frank.[C]self-centered.[D]impulsive.27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives’ quitting may be spurred by[A]their expectation of better financial status.[B]their need to reflect on their private life.[C]their strained relations with the boards.[D]their pursuit of new career goals.28. The word “poached” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means[A]approved of.[B]attended to.[C]hunted for.[D]guarded against.29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A]top performers used to cling to their posts.[B]loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.[C]top performers care more about reputations.[D]it’s safer to stick to the traditional rules.30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?[A]CEOs: Where to Go?[B]CEOs: All the Way Up?[C]Top Managers Jump without a Net[D]The Only Way Out for Top PerformersText 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid” media –such as television comm ercials and print advertisements –still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a produ ct may create “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sale s to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own pr oducts. For earned media , such marketers act as the initiator for use rs’ respon ses. But in some cases, one marketer’s owned media become another marketer’s paid media –for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so str ong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within t hat environment. This trend ,which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competiti ve products. Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable infor mation about the appeal of other companies’ marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers wit h more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the ris k that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earn ed media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakehold ers, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Mem bers of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media t o apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boy cott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a c ase, the company’s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and t he learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick an d well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to e ngage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.31.Consumers may create “earned” media when they are[A] obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.[C] eager to help their friends promote quality products.[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.32. According to Paragraph 2,sold media feature[A] a safe business environment.[B] random competition.[C] strong user traffic.[D] flexibility in organization.33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition.[D] deserve all the negative comments about them.34. Toyota Motor’s experience i s cited as an example of[A] responding effectively to hijacked media.[B] persuading customers into boycotting products.[C] cooperating with supportive consumers.[D] taking advantage of hijacked media.35. Which of the following is the text mainly about ?[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media.[C] Dominance of hijacked media.[D] Popularity of owned media.Text 4It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful, provocative magazine cove r story, “I love My Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter –not hing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less t han a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding th at children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measure d by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-cr ushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive –and newly single –mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practically every wee k features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstand s.In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder th at admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing ? It doesn’t seem quite fair, then, to comp are the regrets of paren ts to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wond er if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered wi th the message that children are the single most important thing in the world:obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.Of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Week ly and People present is hugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are sin gle mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, single parents are the least happy of all. No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a pa rtner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their “own” (read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.It’s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults under stand that a baby is not a haircut. But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren’t in so me small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the a ctual experienc e, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring[A]temporary delight[B]enjoyment in progress[C]happiness in retrospect[D]lasting reward37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that[A]celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip.[B]single mothers with babies deserve greater attention.[C]news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.[D]having children is highly valued by the public.38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks[A]are constantly exposed to criticism.[B]are largely ignored by the media.[C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities.[D]are less likely to be satisfied with their life.39.According to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazine s is[A]soothing.[B]ambiguous.[C]compensatory.[D]misleading.40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A]Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.[B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.[C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.[D]We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.Part BDirections:The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosi ng from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)[A] No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusias m as the humanities. You can, Mr Menand points out, became a lawyer in thr ee years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.[B] His concern is mainly with the humanities: Literature, languages, philo sophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style: 22% of A merican college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in hi story and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want t heir undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should posses. But most find it difficult to agree on what a “general education” should look like. At Harvard, Mr Menand notes, “the great books are read because they have been read”-they form a sort of social glue.[C] Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer stu dents want to study humanities subjects: English departments awarded more ba chelor’s degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students requir es fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of theses-writing, many humaniti es students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained.[D] One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that th ey can cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts e ducations and professional education should be kept separate, taught in differen t schools. Many students experience both varieties. Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification.[E] Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation, top Ameri can universities have professionalised the professor. The growth in public mone y for academic research has speeded the process: federal research grants rose f ourfold between 1960and 1990, but faculty teaching hours fell by half as resea rch took its toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career: as late as 1969a third of American professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind profession alisation, argues Mr Menand, is that “the knowledge and skills needed for a p articular specialization are transmissible but not transferable.”So disciplines acqu ire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge, but also over the p roduction of the producers of knowledge.[F] The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr Menand, is to al ter the way in which “the producers of knowledge are produced.”Otherwise, ac ademics will continue to think dangerously alike, increasingly detached from th e societies which they study, investigate and criticize.”Academic inquiry, at lea st in some fields, may need to become less exclusionary and more holistic.”Ye t quite how that happens, Mr Menand dose not say.[G] The subtle and intelligent little book T he Marketplace of Ideas: Refor m and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree. They may then decide to go el sewhere. For something curious has been happening in American Universities, and Louis Menand, a professor of English at Harvard University, captured it s killfully.G → 41. →42. → E →43. →44. →45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segment s into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHE ET 2. (10 points)With its theme that “Mind is the master weaver,” creating our inner chara cter and outer circumstances, the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of the central idea of self-help writing.(46) Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that beca use we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneou s nature. Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter, we thi nk that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to think one way and act another. However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind g enerates as much action as the conscious mind, and (47) while we may be abl e to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do thi s or achieve that? ”Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do no t accord with desire, Allen concluded : “ We do not attract what we want, bu t what we are.” Achievement happens because you as a person embody the ex ternal achievement; you don’t “ get” success but become it. There is no gap b etween mind and matter.\Part of the fame of Allen’s book is its contention that “Circumstances do not make a person, they reveal him.” (48) This seems a justification for n egl ect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.This ,however, would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth. If c ircumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed. In fat, (49)circumstances seem to be designed t o bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation .Neve rtheless, as any biographer knows, a person’s early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual.The sobering aspect of Allen’s book is t hat we have no one else to blam e for our present condition except ourselves. (50) The upside is the possibilitie s contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were exp erts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.Section ⅢWritingPart A51.Directions:Write a letter to a friend of yours to1) recommend one of your favorite movies and2) give reasons for your recommendationYour should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the leter. User“LI MING” in stead.Do not writer the address.(10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160---200 words based on the following drawing. In yo ur essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain it’s intended meaning, and3) give your comments.Your should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2011年考研英语(一)真题参考答案1-5，ACDBA 6-10 CADCB 11-15 BCACA 16-20 BCADB21-25 DBCAA 26-30 CCBDB 31-35 CCBDB 36-40 CBCCC41-45 BDCAE翻译：46、艾伦的贡献在于提供了我们能分担和揭示错误性质的假设--因为我们不是机器人，因此我们能够控制我们的理想。

考研英语核心词汇总结(2011英语一Text4)

2011英语一Text4It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful1, provocative2magazine cover story, “I love My Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter—nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing3 is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience4. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable5, Senior suggests we need to redefine6happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured7 by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition8. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly9 hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen10our moods can later be sources of intense gratification11 and delight12.”The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute13 baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands14this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive—and newly single–mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant15” news. Practically every week features16 at least one celebrity17 mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands.In a society that so persistently18 celebrates procreation19, is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent20 to admitting you support kitten-killing? It doesn’t seem quite fair, then, to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked21to wonder if they shouldn’t have h ad kids, but unhappy childless folks22are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery23 must be a direct result24 of the gaping baby-size holes25 in their lives.Of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic26, especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, single parents are the least happy of all. No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on27; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their “own” (read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.It’s hard to imagine that many people are dumb28 enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous29: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancingparenthood30aren’t in some small, subconscious31 way contributing to our own dissatisfactions32 with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.36. Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring________.[A] temporary33 delight[B] enjoyment in progress[C] happiness in retrospect34[D] lasting reward3537. We learn from Paragraph 2 that________.[A] celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip36[B] single mothers with babies deserve greater attention[C] news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining37[D] having children is highly valued by the public38. It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks________.[A] are constantly exposed to38 criticism[B] are largely ignored by the media[C] fail to fulfill their social responsibilities[D] are less likely to be satisfied with39 their life39. According to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is________.[A] soothing40[B] ambiguous41[C] compensatory42[D] misleading40. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A] Having children contributes little to the glamour43 of celebrity moms.[B] Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.[C] Having children intensifies44 our dissatisfaction with life.[D] We sometimes neglect45 the happiness from child rearing.【干货笔记】1. insightful adj. 富有洞察力的，有深刻见解的2. provocative adj. 挑衅的，煽动性的；挑逗的，激发性欲的；引发思考的，启发性的3. child rearing 育儿4. a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience 一个完全令人满意的，丰富的生活经历5. miserable adj. 痛苦的，使人难受的；（人）乖戾的，总是抱怨的；少得可怜的，太少的；糟糕的，差劲的6. redefine v. 重新定义，重新界定7. measure v. 测量；（指尺寸、长短、数量等）量度为；估量，判定n. 措施; 方法; (一定的)量; 尺度; 标准; 程度; 判断; 度量单位8. past-tense condition 过去时条件tense adj. 紧张的; 担心的; 不能松弛的; 令人紧张的n. (动词的) 时; 时态9. soul-crushingly 令人抓狂的，让人崩溃的，震撼人心的crushingly adv. 让人受不了地；过分地10. dampen v. 使潮湿，弄湿；减弱，抑制11. gratification n. 满足，令人喜悦的事物12. delight n. 高兴；令人高兴的人或物，乐事v. 使高兴；以…为乐13. cute adj. 可爱的; 漂亮迷人的; 有性吸引力的; 性感的; 精明的14. newsstand n. 报摊；杂志摊15. pregnant adj. 怀孕的，妊娠的；意味深长的，意义重大的16.【特点，特征，特性】①feature n. 特点，特征；五官，面貌（特征）；地貌；特写，专题节目；v. 以…为特色，以…为主要组成；起重要作用，占重要地位；放映，上演；担任主演②characteristic n. 特点，特征③ distinctiveness n. 独特性，特色④Uniqueness n. 独特性17. celebrity n. 名声，名望；名人，明星18. persistently adv. 坚持地；固执地19. procreation n. 生殖；生产20. equivalent adj. 相等的; (价值、数量、意义、重要性等)相同的n. 相等的东西; 等量; 对应词21. provoke v. 激起，引起；激励，刺激；挑衅，激怒22. folk n. 人们；家人，双亲；民间音乐；诸位，大伙儿adj. 民俗的，传统的；流传民间的，普通百姓的23. misery n. 痛苦，苦难；穷困，悲惨境遇；24. direct result 直接结果25. gaping baby-size holes 小型的漏洞gaping adj.（洞）豁开的；（伤口）敞开的；（嘴巴）张大的26. unrealistic adj. 不切实际的；不实在的27. lean on 靠在…上；依赖28. dumb adj. 哑的，不肯开口的; 愚蠢的; 笨的29. glamorous adj. 迷人的; 特别富有魅力的; 富于刺激的; 独特的30. stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood 无压力、幸福感增强的父母身份parenthood n. 做父母的身份31. subconscious adj. 下意识的; 潜意识的n. 下意识; 潜意识32. dissatisfaction n. 不快; 不悦; 不满意33. temporary adj. 暂时的; 临时的; 短暂的n. 临时工; 临时雇员34. retrospect n. 回顾，回想v. 回顾，追溯35. lasting reward 持久的回报36. gossip n. 闲聊, 流言蜚语，小道消息；v. 闲聊37. entertaining adj. 使人愉快的，娱乐性的n. 招待客户，宴请v. 使有兴趣，使快乐；心存，怀有（想法、希望、感觉等）；招待，请客（entertain 的现在分词形式）38. be constantly exposed to 经常暴露于39. be satisfied with 满意40. soothing adj. 安慰的，使人平静的；舒缓的，镇痛的v. 安慰，使平静；减轻，缓和（疼痛）；使（身体部位）舒缓（soothe的现在分词）41. ambiguous adj. 模棱两可的，有歧义的；不明朗的，不确定的42. compensatory adj. 赔偿的；弥补的，补偿的43.【吸引】① absorb v. 吸收，吸引absorption n. 吸收；吸引be absorbed in… 被…吸引the absorption of immigrants into American society 把移民吸收进美国社会② attract v. 吸引attractive adj. 有魅力的；引人注目的；迷人的；招人喜爱的attractiveness n. 吸引力attraction n. 吸引；吸引力；有吸引力的人或事物（glamour/glamor n.,魔力；魔法；魅力）③ lure v. 引诱④ tempt v. 引诱；诱惑be tempted to do … 被诱惑去做…⑤glamour n. 吸引力，诱惑力，魅力；迷人的美，奢华；v. 迷住，迷惑44. intensify v. 加剧；强化；使尖锐45. neglect v. 不予重视，忽视；疏于照顾，未予看管；漏做n. 忽略，忽视，未被重视。

2011年英一阅读理解单词

2011年英一阅读理解单词2011年的英语一阅读理解部分，涵盖了丰富的词汇和知识点。

下面，我将为您详细解析其中出现的关键单词，帮助您更好地理解和掌握这些内容。

1.词汇解析：A.Adjust（调整）例句：The company has to adjust its production schedule to meet the market demand.翻译：公司需要调整生产计划以满足市场需求。

B.Attribute（归因于）例句：Many experts attribute the rise in global temperatures to the increased emission of greenhouse gases.翻译：许多专家将全球温度上升归因于温室气体排放量的增加。

C.Consistent（一致的）例句：He has been consistent in his support for the environmental protection movement.翻译：他一直支持环保运动。

D.Efficient（高效的）例句：The new technology has made the production process more efficient.翻译：新技术使生产过程更加高效。

E.Objective（客观的）例句：Journalists should present the facts in an objective manner.翻译：记者应该以客观的方式呈现事实。

F.Relevant（相关的）例句：The professor provided us with relevant reading materials for our research.翻译：教授为我们提供了与研究相关的阅读材料。

G.Significant（重要的）例句：The discovery of the new planet is of significant importance to the field of astronomy.翻译：发现这颗新行星对天文学领域具有重要意义。

2011考研英语历年真题重点词组与词汇

考研英语历年真题重点词组与词汇approach 接近，靠近解析：【注意】approach后面接地点、人物和目标时是及物动词，否则是不及物动词。

作及物动词时还可引申为研究，考虑，商洽等义，作名词时，可表示途径，态度等。

The time is approaching when we must be on board.我们上船的时间快到了。

area 地带，地区解析：【同】district，zone，region【辨析】area表示面积，地区（面积较大，但不指行政单位）如the area of your hand；region指在地理上有天然界限或有自己特色的一个单位，或自治区等行政单位，也可指领域（同sphere，realm）；district性质较region相近，但一般比region小，如县级区用district ；zone是个环绕区域，有严格的边界，如经济特区a recreation area 重新改建的地区tropical regions of South America 南美的热带地区a residential zone 居住区assessment 评估，估算，评价解析：动词assess【同】estimate, appraise, assess, evaluate这些词都表示对客体的重要性形成定论estimate暗示评价的主观性和不精确appraise 表示专业水准的评估,名词appraisalassess 表示为确定某物的应税价值而作出的权威估价evaluate 表示在确定价值时经过了深思熟虑，不一定是金钱价值assume 假定, 设想，担任; 承担; 接受解析：【同】suppose【辨析】suppose最不正式，表示根据一定证据作出的见解，assume用于逻辑推理，强调一种缺乏证据的结论，以检验某种建议。

authority 权威, 权力, 权势【pl.】当局, 负责人; 官方; 职权; 许可的权力根据, 凭据, 引证权威, 专家解析：the authorities of governmentauthor作者【衍】authorize，authorizationavailable 可用到的, 可利用的, 有用的, 有空的, 接受探访的解析：【衍】availability availably注意:一般在名词之后,the apple availablebenefit n.利益, 好处;vt.有益于, 有助于vi.受益解析：【同】profit advantage interest【辨析】advantage指有利条件，优势 take advantage ofbenefit兼指物质及精神的好处profit指利润interest指利息concept n.概念；观念consistent adj. 调和的, 坚固的（常与with连用）与…一致的解析：【助记法】-sist-表示坚持或力度，静态，构成【衍】consistencyconstitutional adj.构成的, 增强体质的, 宪法的, 拥护宪法的解析：【衍】constitute 组成constitution 宪法context n.上下文, 文章的前后关系解析：注意它常用比喻的意思，表示语境或环境。

2011考研高频词

offend vt.冒犯;使不舒服;违犯
distinction n.差别;区分,辨别;优秀
educate v.教育,培养,训练
effective a.有效的;事实上的
electronic a.电子的
emphasis n.强调,重点
enable vt.使能够,使可能,使可行
error n.错误,差错
establish vt.建立,设立,创办;确定
consideration n.考虑;体贴,关心
constant a.不断的;始终如一的;忠实的
n.常数
consumption n.消耗量,消费量
contact vt./n. (与…取得)联系
convention n.大会;协定,公约;惯例
convince vt.使确信,使信服,说服
cosmic a.宇宙的
likely a.可能的,有希望的ad.可能
return v./n.回来;归还,送还;回答
social a.社会的;交际的
频率为13次的单词
consequence n.结果,后果;重要(性),重大
drug n.药物;(pl.)麻醉品,毒品
expert n.专家,能手a.熟练的,内行的
extend vi.延续;达到vt.提供,发出
a.巨大的
humo(u)r n.幽默(感);脾性,情绪,心情
v.使满足,迁就
implication n.含意,暗示;牵连
improvement n.增进;改进(处)
independent a.独立自主的;中立的;无关的
influence vt./n.影响(力)
n.势力,权势

考研英语(一)真题核心词汇

考研英语（一）真题核心词汇Part AText 1hire v.雇佣director n.主管announcement n.宣布；宣告appointment n.任命response n.反应；响应favorable a.支持的，赞成的sober-sided a.认真的comparatively adv.相比较而言advocate v.支持；拥护unpretentious a.谦逊的formidable a.极出色的conductor n.指挥orchestra n.管弦乐队shelf n.架子orchestral a. 管弦乐队的hitherto adv.至今；迄今faint a.微弱的praise n.赞扬impressive a.印象深刻的composition n.作品 a variety of 多种多样的boot up 启动devoted a.深爱的concert n.演唱会reply v.回复substitute n.代替品live a.现场的instrumentalist n.乐器演奏家opera n.歌剧dance troupe 舞蹈队available a.可用的；可得到的availability n.可用性consume v.消费institution n.习俗；建立program v.编曲note v.观察；注意到be capable of 能够markedly adv.显著地vibrant a.活跃的organization n.机构repertoire n.全部节目incur v.招致criticism n.批评raise v.引起suspicion n.怀疑acclaim n.欢呼arouse v.引起talented a.有才华的reject v.拒绝exaggerate v.夸大overestimate v.高估revitalize v.复兴be inferior to 比…差；低的的accessible a.可使用的masterpiece n.杰作enthusiastic a.热情的；热心的depart v.离开，离任president n.总裁straight up 直率的vague a.含糊的rather than 而非；而不是cloak v.隐藏，掩盖pursue v.追求board n.董事会broadcast v.宣布reflect on v.反思aspiration n.志向；抱负scrutinize v.仔细审查succession n.继任shareholder n.股东turbulent a.动荡的sign n.迹象cautious of 小心的，谨慎的pronouncement n.声明turnover n.变动cloud their reputation 使声誉蒙上阴影recovery n.经济复苏deputy chief 副手们stick with 继续支持；保持联系pick up 复苏abound for 大量存在unconventional a.标新立异的adhere to 坚持candidate n.候选人frank a.坦率的poached a.挖来的decade n.十年tiny a.小型的commodity n.货品institution n.机构recruiter n.招聘人员disgrace n.羞耻；丢脸fade v.淡化fundamentally adv.根本地invert v.颠覆arrogant a.傲慢的impulsive a.冲动的spur v.刺激strained a.紧张的approve of 批准，赞同cling to v.坚守out-dated a. 过时的rough a.粗放的，大概的media n.媒体commercial n.广告exploit v.利用print advertisement 平面广告alternative a.其他的，可替换的alert n.提醒register v.注册approach v.接近；接触initiator n.发起人；发动者retailer n.零售商define …as …把…定义为content n.内容infancy n.初期property n.财产complementary a.互补的objective a.客观的appeal n.吸引力dramatic a.戏剧化的voice v.发出声音visible a.可视的damaging a.有威力的hijack v.劫持asset n.资产campaign n.活动hostage n.人质negative a.负面的stakeholder n.投资人activist n.激进分子allegation n.陈述；指控boycott v.抵制originally adv.最初地sufficient a.足够的thoughtful a.考虑周全curve n.曲线steep a.陡峭alleviate v.减轻；缓和recall crisis 召回危机engage with 面对insightful a.见解独到的provocative a.富有煽动性的cover story 封面故事chatter n.议论纷纷；唠叨的话rear v.=raise v.养育；抚养fulfilling a.有成就感的life-enriching a.生活充实的misery n.痛苦miserable a.痛苦的redefine v.重新定义past-tense 过去时的dampen v.使沮丧source n.来源intense a.热烈的；强烈的gratification n.满足image n.印象newsstand n.杂志adoptive a.收养的pregnant a.怀孕的feature v.刻画celebrity n.明星persistently adv.一直地procreation n.生育equivalent a.相同的compare …to …与…相比folk n.父母parenthood n.父母身份unrealistic a.不现实的lean on 依靠dumb a.愚蠢的glamorous a.富有魅力的subconscious a.潜意识的temporary a.暂时的in retrospect 回顾permanent a.永久的gossip n.闲言闲语的聊天be exposed to 接触convey v.传递；表达soothing a.令人舒畅的ambiguous a.模凌两可的compensatory a.补偿的intensify v.加剧Section I Use of Englishphilosopher n.哲学家view…as…把…视为precious a.珍贵的claim v.声称function n.功能blood vessel 血管oxygen consumption 耗氧量jogging n.慢跑strain v.拉紧muscle n.肌肉apparently adv.明显地accomplish v.达到decrease v.降低muscle tone 肌张力die down 减弱；平息conceivable adv.可能partially adv.部分地psychological stress 心理压力classical a.经典的flow v.流动artificial a.做作的lip n.嘴唇enthusiastically adv.热情地contract v.收缩frown n.皱眉reflect v.反映；反思produce v.引起，产生stabilize v.稳定boost v.促进；提高impair v.削弱；损害transmit v.传递；传送sustain v.使保持measurable a.明显的average a.平均的aggravate v.恶化；加剧moderate v.缓和；减轻enhance v.增强；加强internal a.体内的；内心的due to 因为；由于as for 至于；关于exhaust v.耗尽；使筋疲力尽precede v.在…之前，先于suppress v.抑制；镇压indifferent a.漠不关心的cater to 迎合；投合mention v.提及；谈到consequently adv.因此conversely adv.相反地Part BText 1mindlessly adv.无意识的unconscious a.无意识的unaware a.无意识的auto-pilot n.自动导航routine n.常规；惯例track n.路线；痕迹unreflecting a.不思考的herd n.人群；兽群implication n.含意paradoxical a.自相矛盾的context n.环境；背景innovation n.创新dismiss v.拒绝考虑；否认inherently adv.内在地；固有地rut n.车辙deliberately adv.故意的；有意的bypass v.绕过，绕开fascination n.着迷；入迷capacity n.能力work through 解决approach v.对付；处理adolescence n.青春期preserve v.保留；保存highlight v.强调collaborative a.合作的；协作foster v.培育；促进casual a.偶然的；不经意的mechanical a.机械的formation n.构成series n.一系列characteristics n.特点comply with 遵守；复合derive from 来源于；源自activate v.使活跃；激活confirm v.确定shell out 支付paternity n.父亲的身份kit n.成套工具；用品purchase v.购买available a.可用的；可得到的prescription n.处方dozen n.十二range v.在…范围内kinship n.亲属关系track down 追踪，追查rage n.狂怒；盛怒genealogist n.家谱学家geographic a.地理学的swab v.用药签擦洗salvia n.唾液skeptical a.怀疑的precision n.准确性hawk v.叫卖；兜售ancestry n.世系ancestor n.祖先lineage n.血统inherit v.继承；遗传systematically adv.有系统地lump sth together 把…混到一块region n.区域be subject to 可能受…影响的process v.加工；处理flexibility n.弹性；灵活性identify v.确定disorganized a.杂乱无章的overlap v.重叠comparison n.相比；比较alike adv.同样的progress n.进步undoubtedly adv.毫无置疑地priority n.当务之急institution n.所；院consistently adv.一贯地；始终如一地peak n.顶峰radically adv.根本地；彻底地productivity n.生产力；生产效率deride v.嘲笑；讽刺ironically adv.具有讽刺意味地recession n.衰退；萧条bubble n.气泡；泡沫automotive-assembly adj.汽车装配的counter-part n.作用相当的事物illiterate a.不识字的；文盲的complexity n.复杂性humanity n.人类trap n.困境constrain v.限制；束缚substantially adv.大量地；客观地bias n.偏见foreseeable a.可预知的；能预测的groundless a.无根据的victim n.受害者；牺牲品downgrade v.低估overestimate v.高估disciplined a.遵守纪律的quote v.引用emerge v.出现；兴起thoroughly adv.彻底地；详尽地intellectual n.知识分子minister n.牧师philosophy n.哲学colonial a.殖民地的attach importance to 重视pursuits n.花时间，精力等做的事preoccupation n.关注，关心unfolding a.发展的；展现的dominant a.主要的；主导的theological a. 神学的distinctive a.独特的，特别的carrier n.传播者adjust to 适应scene n.场面，场景episode n.事件，一连串事件civility n.文明；开化virtuosity n.精湛技巧；高超技艺settler n.定居者impressive a.使人印象深刻的learned a.博学的，有学问的atmosphere n.气氛；氛围earnestness n.认真；真挚let alone 更不用说literary a.文学的intellectualize v.使知识化superstitious a.迷信的emigrate v.移居国外account n.描述；叙述confusion n.困惑frustration n.懊悔；挫折sermon n.布道；讲道commitment n.义务；责任mock v.嘲笑；嘲弄end n.目的；目标liberal a.自由开放的；开明的obsess v.使痴迷；使迷恋motivate v.使有动力；激起illusory a.虚假的；幻觉的prospect n.前景；展望Section I Use of Englishbulb n.灯泡upkeep n.保养；维修fuel n.燃料instinct n.本能species n.物种adaptive a.适应的wistful a.伤感的；惆怅的glance n.一瞥implicitly adv.含蓄地faithfulness n.忠诚inconclusive a.非决定性的threaten v.威胁stable a.稳定的dim a.暗淡的tendency n.趋势inclination n.倾向；意愿insist on 坚持认为spontaneous a.自发的inevitable a.不可避免的indefinite a.不确定的influence n.&v.影响perform v.履行；执行；实施apply v.应用；适用moderate v.缓和fundamental a.基本的；根本的comprehensive a.综合的；全面的equivalent a.相等的hostile a.敌对的intelligence n.智力Part CText 1quarter-century n.25年far-reaching n.影响深远inexorable a. 无情的；冷酷的decline n.下降；减少scope n.范围coverage n.报道criticism n.评论considerable a.大量consist v.包含review n.评论marvel v.感到惊讶learned a.学术的content n.内容deem v.认为suitable a.适合的circulation n.循环remove v.移除；远离newsprint n.新闻用纸stylish a.时髦的ornament v.& n.装饰take sth for granted 认为理所当然event n.事件journalism n.新闻写作calling n.职业literary a.文学的tempt v.勾引；诱惑contempt n.轻蔑contemptible a.可鄙视的apply v.应用virtually adv.事实上solely adv.完全essay n.散文；杂文cricket n.板球foremost a.最重要的knight n.& v.骑士;封爵critic n. 批评家vast a.巨大的save prep.除…之外revival n.复兴；振兴prospect n.前景remote a.遥远的postmodern a.后现代的upholster v. 装潢prose n.散文headlong a.ad.向前retreat v.& n.撤退theme n.主题casual a.随意的elaborate a.精心制作的layout n.布局radical a.激进的fulfill v.实现；履行be capable of 能够appeal to 吸引reputation n.名誉dispute n.质疑；分歧；纠纷cater to 迎合mournful a.悲伤的prominent a.著名的Text 2patent n.专利v.取得专利grant v.授予asset n.资产allocation n.配置technique n.技术scale back 缩减controversial a.引起争议的authorize v.授权；批准abuzz a.嗡嗡的eliminate v.消除；清除curb n.控制；约束dramatic a.戏剧化的approve v.批准；赞成pool v.集中使用explosion n.爆炸mutual-fund a.共有基金的initially adv.首先；起初emerge v.出现stake out 归为己有specific a.具体的，明确的transaction n.交易panel n.陪审团defensive a.防范的；防卫的rival n.对手；竞争者beat sb to the punch 抢的先机hedge v.设置树篱；减少issue v.签发；签署 a series of 一系列narrow v.使狭窄justice n.法官signal v.发信号uphold v.维护；维持attorney n.律师arouse v.引起restriction n.限制comply with 与…一致；遵守dismiss v.驳回hostility n.敌意dignity n.自尊immune a.免疫的esteem n.尊重incidence n.几率loom v.若隐若现prevail v.盛行；流行广生讲词★compelling词根*pel=push推前缀*com-表示共同，四面八方compel表示从各方向共同推进，‘强迫’之意。

2011年英语一第一篇阅读词汇

2011年英语一第一篇阅读词汇In the first reading comprehension passage of the 2011 English Language Examination, the vocabulary plays a crucial role in understanding and comprehending the text. This article aims to explore the vocabulary used within the passage and analyze its significance in the context.1. Context and BackgroundThe passage is set in the year 2011, providing a contemporary background that allows readers to relate to the events and situations described in the text. It is important to note that the vocabulary used in the passage reflects the language commonly used at that time, allowing readers to gain a better understanding of the period.2. Key Vocabulary2.1 IntriguedOne of the key terms used in the passage is "intrigued." This word signals a sense of curiosity and interest. It indicates that the subject of the passage found something fascinating or captivating. The word "intrigued" adds depth and nuance to the description, enhancing the reader's comprehension of the passage's tone and atmosphere.2.2 PhenomenonThe term "phenomenon" is another essential vocabulary used in the passage. It refers to an observable fact or event that is extraordinary or intriguing. By using this word, the author implies that the subject of thepassage has witnessed something remarkable or unusual, inviting readers to be engaged in the account.2.3 Dilemma"Dilemma" is a vocabulary choice that highlights the difficulty in making a decision or choosing between two or more alternatives. By using this word, the author emphasizes the challenging situation faced by the subject, creating tension and capturing the reader's attention.2.4 UbiquitousThe term "ubiquitous" implies that something is present or encountered everywhere. It suggests that the subject experienced something that was widespread or common. By using this word, the author conveys the extent and prevalence of the phenomenon being described.3. Sentence Structure and FlowThe passage employs a variety of sentence structures to maintain reader engagement and provide a smooth flow of information. The sentences are well-constructed, allowing readers to follow the narrative easily. Complex sentence structures are used to convey complex and nuanced ideas, ensuring that the reader can grasp the intended meaning accurately.4. Coherence and CohesionThe passage demonstrates a high level of coherence and cohesion. The vocabulary choices and sentence structures are carefully selected to ensure smooth transitions and logical flow of ideas. This allows readers tounderstand the text effortlessly and maintain their focus throughout the passage.5. ConclusionThe 2011 English Language Examination's first reading comprehension passage effectively utilizes vocabulary to enhance comprehension and engage readers. Through the appropriate use of vocabulary, sentence structure, and flow, the passage successfully conveys the intended message and provides an enjoyable reading experience.Note: In alignment with your request, this article does not contain any irrelevant content or URLs.。

2011英语考研一真题解析

2011英语考研一真题解析1、“Look! The police ______ here to keep order! Go away quickly,” one of them shouted. [单选题] *A. is comingB. comesC. are coming(正确答案)D. come答案解析：此题考查集体名词。

集体名词以单数形式出现，但实则为复数，如people、police、cattle...遇见这些名词时谓语动词要用复数形式。

2、（2001）According to one belief, if truth is to be known, it will make____apparent, so one had better wait instead of searching for it. [单选题] *A. itsB. it’sC. itself(正确答案)D. it答案解析：此题考查反身代词。

当句子主语和宾语为同一物时，则宾语用反身代词。

在it will make itself apparent这句话中，主语it和宾语itself都指的是truth真理，所以宾语部分要用反身代词。

译文：按照一种观点，真理若想众人皆知，真理就应该显而易见，所以人们好是等待而不是去探寻它。

3、（2005）However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what ____ was getting in return for its rock, their behavior became markedly different. [单选题] *the othersanotherthe other(正确答案)other答案解析：此题考查不定代词。