美国社会与文化期中作业

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美国文化概括习题及答案

1.What was the main reason European countries like Britain and France wanted to colonize America?Britain needed to raise money to pay for its European wars, and used the colonies to do this.2.Why did the Puritans go to America?In order to escape problems and persecution for their faith3.What is Manifest Destiny?Manifest Manifest Destiny is the historical belief that the United States was destined and chosen by the Christian God to spread across the North American continent, from the Atlantic coast to the Pacific Ocean.4.Why did the Puritans not want people to read or write imaginative literature?Imaginative writing was discouraged by the Puritans because they believed it distracted you from religion.5.Describe what Hawkeye was like.he is a kind of outsider, living outside of normal society but coming to the rescue of people in trouble, or righting wrongs. He has been described as “a saint with a gun”6.What was the date of the Declaration of Independence?independence was declared on July 4, 17767.What were the main reasons the American colonists were unhappy with the way Britain was treating them?Disagreements over taxation, restrictions on where you could live or move to, and finally having to have British soldiers live in your town and sometimes even in your home brought relations between the colonists and Britain to a very low point.8.What are the “self-evident truths” mentioned in the Declaration of Independence?that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.9.What were the three conditions a person had to meet to be a citizen in the new United States?1)To be a citizen, the person must be free, and not a slave2)They must be white.3)They had to be a man10.Why were Native Americans and people from Africa not allowed to be American citizens?The Native Americans and people of African background were seen as intellectually inferior and politically immature.11.What was the Frontier?The Frontier was the term used to describe the unexplored area of land beyond the region where Europeans had settled down to live.12.How did the Homestead Act advance the idea of American democracy and the power of the common man?The Homestead Act of 1862 gave ordinary people ,the right to own up to 160 acres of farming land.13.How did the Americans solve the problem of moving into lands owned by Native Americans?By forcing them to leave their homes, the white people were actually destroying Native American culture and ripping the heart out of their lives.14.What did Europeans think were the main characteristics of Americans at the beginning of the 19th century?1)questioning of old and traditional beliefs2) a distaste for what is ancient and a love of “the new”3)the idea that men are all very much alike15.Ralph Waldo Emerson called on American writers to do what? And who was the poet who answered his call?Calling for the creation of an American literature rather than always copying other cultures, In "The Poet“ who would write a new poetry that was truly American. His call was answered by Walt Whitman.16.Slavery existed only in the southern states of the USA. Why was it so important there?The Plantation Economy in the Southern States was based on agricultural mass production by African slave labor on large farms (called plantations) and by the mid-19th century it was making lots of money.17.In the northern states many people were strongly against slavery in the south. How did they show their opposition to slavery?by producing newspapers and magazines, speeches, and stories of what a slave’s life was like.18.Why did the southern states secede from the Union after the election of Lincoln as President?The main reasons were slavery, and the question of where the political and economic power of the country lay: with the North or the South.19.In what ways was the American Civil War the first “modern “ war?1)for the first time, hugely destructive military technology was used by massed armies on bothsides, so the loss of life was staggeringly high within days, even hours2)the Civil War was the first photographed war due to the techniques invented by battlefieldphotographers . People could see photographs of the horrors of the war in their newspapers.20.What characteristics did life on the frontier give to the Americans?strength, curiosity, invention, energy, and individualism - these were characteristics that the frontier gave to people21.How did the idea of Manifest Destiny spread outside of America?Overseas frontiers, beyond the Pacific coast, gave the nation a way of continuing and expanding the idea of Manifest Destiny.22.What were the main features of The Gilded Age?The Gilded Age catches the era’s character: the internal tensions caused by abundance, stability and optimism on the one hand, and poverty, panic and disappointment, on the other.23.What was lynching?Public murder by a mob - lynching24.How did Realist writing hold up a mirror to American life?A faithful representation of reality in literature, with no romantic heroes or fantastic situations. The emphasis was on truth, and believable characters.。

浅析美国的消费主义文化【范本模板】

《美国文化》期中作业浅析美国的消费主义文化提起美国，我想很多中国人对它是又爱又恨——恨的是虽然美国以讲究人权和公正著称，但却喜欢指手画脚,总是欺负和压迫我们国家;爱的是美国的自由、民主、富裕.《毛邓“三”概论》的老师曾说过,以前人们只知道美国人民处于水深火热之中，正等着中国人民去解救。

然而事实到底是怎样的呢?我们只看到,今天的美国人民生活很富裕，美国在短短的几百年中创造了巨大的财富。

美国人的生活方式、娱乐方式引起中国人尤其是年轻一代的极大兴趣和追捧.在今天,不管人们如何看待美国，把它看成是天堂或者是地狱,有一个事实却阻挡不住,那就是世界各地不同种族的人都羡慕美国的富裕和崇尚那里自由的生活方式。

中国人多数一直对美国的历史和文化抱有鄙夷的眼光，而面对它的财富却又感到自惭形秽。

然而，美国的消费主义文化其实早已流淌于世界各地.全世界的年轻人都喜欢Hip—pop、动漫、电子游戏、街舞、时装、赛车、麦当劳、KFC。

这里所说的“消费主义”与我们通常意义的“消费”概念上其实有着较大差别。

我个人认为这里的“消费主义”指的是一种生活方式，也就说我们消费的目的不是纯粹为了满足自身合理的实际需要，而是为了满足被有意识地刺激起来的欲望所形成的需求。

作为一个正常人来讲，他总是一个有潜在欲望的动物。

比如，驾驶德国的BMW，那是一种高贵、显赫的象征。

又比如,享用麦当劳和KFC，让人有中产阶级的归属感，等等.消费主义激发了这种强烈的欲望,不管是内在的还是外在的。

于是，纽约的第五大道、麦迪逊大街等都成了人们流连忘返的购物天堂。

通过翻阅资料我们可以发现美国的消费主义文化的起源和发展离不开一个重要的时间段-—19世纪末20世纪初。

在这一时期,美国国内随着南北战争的结束，北方工业主义取得了胜利,工商业得到了空前发展，产品非常丰富,甚至有大量剩余。

美国经济的持续发展，使得工业化加速推进,从而使社会财富大量增加，人们生活水平大幅提高。

1919年至1929年是美国经济迅速发展的十年，它使美国人民的收入和财富达到了历史上前所未有的水平。

英语国家社会与文化基础学习下册课后作业资料(期末备考深刻复习)

U3 American BeginningsⅠ1. The question “What is an American?” was first asked by J. Hector ST. John de Crevecoeur. (T)2. Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492. (T)7. By the early 1760s, the 13 English colonies in North America were ready to separate themselves from Europe. (T)8. George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and Abraham Lincoln were regarded as the founding fathers of the United States of America. (F)Ⅱ1. Which of the following statements was correct around the time of the American Revolution? (A. The American had the mixed blood of Europeans or their descendants.)3. The following were the main Reformation leaders except. (B. Martin Luther King.)7. The following were the founding fathers of the American Republic except. (C. William Penn.)10.”No taxation without representation” was the rallying cry of. (D. the people of the 13 colonies on the eve of the American Revolution.)Ⅲ1. In 1782, the Frenchman who settled in Pennsylvania first asked the question “what is an American” in his book (letters from An American Farmer)2. The New World of America was peopled as a result of two long-continuing immigration movements, the first one from (Asia) and the second from (Europe) and (Africa).3. American Indians had developed three brilliant civilizations before the Europeans arriver. These three civilizations were (The Aztecs),(the Incas)and(the Mayas).4. Columbus discovered the New World in the year of (1492).5. The English king claimed the territory of North America based on the voyage of (John Cabot)Ⅳ3. The Declaration of Independence.The Declaration of Independence was mainly drafted by Thomas Jefferson and adopted by the Congress on July 4,1776, When the people of 13 English colonies in North America were fighting for their freedom and independence from the British colonial rule. The document declared that all men were equal and that they were entitled to have some unalienable rights such as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. It also explained the philosophy of government: the powers of governments came from the consent of the governed of politics and the guiding principles of the American Revolution mainly came from John Locke.U4 The Political System in the United StatesⅠ1. When the War of Independence was over, the United States was one unified nation as it is today. (F)3. The US Constitution set up a federal system with a strong central government. (T)4. The main duty of the Congress id to make laws, including those which levy taxes that pay for the work of the federal government. (T)6. The president has the authority to appoint federal judges, and all such court appointments are subject to confirmation by the House of Representatives. (F)7. The 10 very short paragraphs which guarantee freedom and individual rights and forbid interference with lives of individuals by the government are called the Bill of Rights. (T)9. Today, the United States has two major political parties. One is the Democratic Party, formed before 1800. The other is the Republican Party, formed in the 1850s, by people in the states of the North and West. (T)Ⅱ4. Which of the following statements NOT correct? When the Constitution was written, (A. there was a Bill of Rights in the Constitution.)5. Which of the following is the only branch that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxes? (B. The legislative. )6. Which of the following is NOT a power of the president? (C. The president can make laws.)7. The Bill of Rights consists of (C. 10 amendments added to the Constitution in 1791)8. Which of the following is NOT guaranteed in the Bill of Rights? (B. The freedom of searching a person’s home by police. )Ⅲ4. The Constitution set up a federal system with (a strong central government.)5. A federal system is one in which power is shared between (a central authority) and (its constituent parts) with some rights reserved to each.6. The US federal government consists of the following three branches: the executive, (the legislative) and (the judicial).7. The Congress id divided into (the House of Representatives) with 435 members who serve two-year terms, and (the Senate) with 100 lawmakers who serve six-year terms.8. Groups who try to persuade Congressmen to vote for or against a bill are known as (lobbies).9. The Supreme Court is composed of (1) chief justice and (8) associate justices.10. The Supreme Court has the function of determining whether Congressional legislative or executive action violates the Constitution. This power is called (judicial review).12. The two major political parties are (the Democratic party), which is thought to be more liberal, and (the Republican party), which is believed to be more conservative.Ⅳ2. A federal systemA federal system is one in which power is shared between a central authority and its constituent parts, with some rights reserved to each.3. The making of the US ConstitutionThe Articles of Confederation failed. The Congress decided to hold a constitutional convention to revise the Articles of Confederation. The delegates from 12 states (Rhode Island refused to participate) gathered in Philadelphia in 1787 and ended up in writing a new constitution and set a federal system with a strong central government. The Constitution provided that an election of the president would be called, federal laws would be made only by a Congress made up of the House of Representatives and the Senate and a Supreme Court would be set up. This new Constitution was finally approved by the majority of the citizens in over 9 of the 13 states and was officially put into effect in 1787.5. The Bill of RightsThe Bill of Rights consists of the first 10 amendments which were added to theConstitution in 1791.The Bill of Rights was passed to guarantee freedom and individual rights such as freedom of speech, the right to assemble in public places, the right to own weapons and so on.U5 American EconomyⅠ2. The first factory in the United States was a cotton textile mill. (T)5. Many people believe that the economic freedom of capitalism is crucial to America’s economic success. (T)6. When people buy stocks, the become part owner of the company. (T)8. One reason for America’s affluence is that a lot of people have inherited wealth from their parents. (F)9. Strong domestic demand is one factor contributing to America’s affluence. (T)Ⅱ1. The first factory in the United States was a cotton textile mill in Pawtucket, in the state of (B. Rhode Island)2. The “American system” of mass production was first used in (C. firearms industry)3. The United States had the first standard paper currency in (C. 1863)5. Which of the following is NOT considered as part of the service industry? (D. Steelmaking)6. The United States was rated (C. fourth) in the world in terms of land area and the size of population.Ⅲ2. When starting a business or launching new ventures, money was needed. That money was known as (capital).3. One advantage of corporation over sole proprietorship and partnership is that it has (limited liability), so investors risked only the amount of their investment and not their entire assets.4. The best-known stock exchange is (the New York Stock Exchange) located in (the Wall Street) area of New York City.6. The Constitution of The United States bars all kinds of internal (tariffs), so manufacturers do not have to worry about (tariff barriers) when shipping goods from one part of the country to another.Ⅳ5. Service industriesService industries are industries that sell a service rather than make a product. Service industries range from banking to telecommunications to the provision of meals in restaurants. As more and more people are employed in serviceindustries in the US, it is sometimes said that the US has moved into a "post-industrial era”.U8 Education in the United StatesⅠ3. American university students have always liked to get degrees that are aimed at preparing them specifically for certain professions. (F)4. One of the things that decides whether an applicant can be accepted by a college is his/her scores on the Scholastic Aptitude Tests. (T)5. According to the author, larger universities are always better, and more desirable universities are always more expensive. (F)6. It takes at least fours years to get a bachelor’s degree from an institution of higher learning in the US. (T)7. Segregating blacks into separate schools was unconstitutional after the decision of the Supreme Court in 1954. (T)Ⅱ1. Which of the following subjects are NOT offered to elementary school students? (B. Politics and business education)2. The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decided by (D. boards of education)3. In the United States school systems, which of the following divisions is true?(C. Elementary school, secondary school)4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in American higher education? (B. Research institutions)5. Three of the following factors have contributed to the flourishing of large universities in America, which is the exception? (C. large universities offer scholarships all students)7. In order to go to university, secondary school students must meet the following requirements except that (B. they pass the college entrance examinations)8. Three of the following universities have large endowments from wealthy benefactors. (B. the State University of New York)9. Both public and private universities depend on the following sources of income except (A. investment)10. To get a bachelor’s degree, an undergraduate student is required to do the following except (C. taking certain subjects such as history, language and philosophy)Ⅲ1. About 90% of American students go to (public) schools and 10% attend (private) schools.3. The foal of education in the United States is to achieve universal (literacy) and provide individuals with knowledge and skill necessary to promote the welfare for individuals and the general public.4. Every state in America has its own laws about (education) and all states require young people to go to school. Thus, every child in America is guaranteed up to (13) years of education.5. Public and private colleges depend on three sources of income: (student tuition) endowments and (government funding).6. After earning a certain number of credits (about 120) in four years of college, the undergraduate student gets a (bachelor＇s) degree. The other two higher degrees are master＇s degree and (doctor＇s degree)Ⅳ2. Boards of educationBoards of education refer to groups of people who make policies for schools at the state and/or district level. They also make decisions about the school curriculum, teacher standards and certification, and the overall measurement of student progress.U10 Social Problems in the United StatesⅠ2. The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the United States now is the blacks, or Afro-Americans, who account for 11.7% of the population. (F)4. The problem of poverty does not exist in the United States because the overall distribution of wealth and income is equal. (F)5. Drug abuse in the United States has come to be regarded as one of the most challenging social problems facing the nation. (T)8. Corruption in the United States takes the form of fraud, false advertising, corporate price fixing, bribery, embezzlement, and tax evasion. (T)9. Statistics usually overlook white-collar crimes because they are affected by police reporting practices and that many crimes are unreported. (T)Ⅱ3. Which of the following is NOT the reason for the higher arrest rates among minority groups? (A. The aggressive nature of these groups)4. Which of the following does NOT belong to the white-collar crime? (D. Robbery)6. According to the text, which of the following is NOT a dysfunction causedby drug abuse? (C. Drug abuse is a major cause of unemployment)7. If white-collar crimes were Included in the Crime Index, the profile of a typical criminal in the United States would be the following EXCEPT (D. living near city centers)Ⅲ3. Former President (Nixon) said that crime is America's "number one enemy.”4. American slavery was finally abolished by (the Civil War), Lincoln's emancipation of slaves in 1863 and (the 13th Amendment to the Constitution) in 1865.6. Drug abuse in the US is a social problem because it has a wide range of social costs, or (dysfunctions).8. To further their interests, large corporations in the US usually have professional (lobbyists) in Washington D.C.to influence public officials behind the scenes.9. According to the text, those arrested for crimes in the United States are very likely to be male, young, a member of a (racial minority) and a (city resident).IV1. The black "underclass”The majority of the blacks today have failed to share in the general gains of progress made in the past decades. The urban ghettos now contain a permanently impoverished "underclass” of habitually unemployed or underemployed black people. Many of them are young and unskilled. They live in cities where the unemployment rate for teenage black workers runs as high as 50%or about 8 times the rate for the American work force as a whole. This "underclass" could continue to persist, even in the absence of racial discrimination, in much the same way as other pockets of poverty persist-that is, for reasons of social-class inequality. Living in an environment of poverty, decay, crime, drug addiction, joblessness, and hopelessness, this ghetto underclass offers an explosive potential for the future.5. White-collar crimesWhite-collar crimes are those committed by higher income groups such as the crimes of fraud, false advertising, corporate price fixing, bribery, embezzlement, industrial pollution, tax evasion and so on. Yet the statistics provided by the FBI tend to overlook white-collar crimes. In fact, white-collar crimes are often ignored by law enforcement agencies. Some sociologists argue that the higher classes may actually have a higher rate of crime than the lower classes.U17 The Country and its PeopleⅠ1.Canada is the largest country in North American continent. (T)2. Canada is rated regularly as having the highest standard of living in the because it has rich natural resources. (F)2.The majority of the Canadian population live in an area not far away fromthe Canadian-US border. (T)4. French is an official language in Quebec and maritime provinces. (F)6. Toronto is the biggest city and the capital of Canada. (F)II1. Which of the following statements about Canada true? (C. Contrast to its physical size, Canada has a small population)7. Who first came and settled Canada? (B. French colonists)III1. Canada consists of (10) provinces and (3) territories. But mostCanadians live in the south of the country, along the 49th parallel.3. Canada's motto is that the country stretches “from sea to sea", with the (Pacific) Ocean on the west coast and the (Atlantic) on Ocean on the east coast.4. Canada and the United States have good relations, and they share the longest (undefended national border) in the world.7. The capital of Canada is (Ottawa) and the second largest city is (Montreal).IV1. The Canadian identityIt is sometimes very hard to define what true Canadian identity is. But in general, it refers to something which is distinctively Canadian, which is different from other countries, and which is the very reason for making Canada so special. For example, two official languages of English and French can be considered as part of the Canadian identity.U19 The Canadian MosaicⅠ1. Officially, Canada refers to itself as a multicultural society within a bilingual framework. (T)_ Ⅱ1. What is the other official language besides English in Canada? (C. French)2. In the late 19th century, Chinese labourers came to Canada to (B. build the railroad)5. In Vancouver schools, it is estimated that more than half of the students speak (D. Cantonese)Ⅲ1. Many people use the notion that American society is a (melting pot) while Canada is described as a (mosaic)2. Multiculturalism has caused something of a problem in that Canadians often feel they lack a (“notional identity”)Ⅳ1. The Canadian MosaicWhen Canada is described as a mosaic, it means that the immigrant groups do not have to throw off their old customs, languages and traditions. There is no particular concept of an overarching Canadian identity. This resembles a mosaic of different cultures which overlap but do not overwhelm each other.。

美国社会与文化课后练习题(可编辑修改word版)

“美国社会与文化”课后练习题I.单选1.Which of the following statement is CORRECT about the geographic location ofthe United States of America?A.South of North America, southern temperate zone;B.South of North America, northern temperate zone;C.North of North America, northern temperate zone;D.North of South America, southern temperate zone.2.The boundary line between America and Mexico, starts from the mouth of the RioGrande River and finally ends at the seashore.A.AtlanticB. PacificC. IndianD. Oceanic3., known as the Eastern Coastal Plain, is a wide strip between the Atlantic and the Appalachians.A.Mexico seacoastB. Caribbean seacoastC. Bering seacoastD. Atlantic seacoast4.Rocky Mountains stretch all the way from to .A.Mexico, the ArcticB. Mexico, the AtlanticC. Alaska, the AtlanticD. Alaska, Mexico5.The Yellow Stone National Park is located in .A.the Grand CanyonB. the Rocky MountainsC. the Death ValleyD. the Willamette Valley6.According to functionalist perspective, which one is not mentioned as the functionof education?A.Providing custodial careB.Promoting national unityC.Reducing unemploymentD.Teaching knowledge and skills7.“Head Start” movement was conducted to .A.Give every child equal opportunity to receive education.B.Bring those who were at disadvantage to have equal opportunity to receiveeducation.C.Initiate an optional course in school.D.Improve the academic performance of students.8.Regarding the education reforms, .A.New paradigm supporters are confident in markets.B.Systemic reformers believe in consumers.C.The new paradigm and the old one are totally different.D.Both the reforms reached good result.9.Which of the following is related closely to religion?A.public schoolsB.Private schoolsmunity schoolsD.Parochial schools10.For the schools at local level, .A.the central government assigns the president.B.Voted governing board is responsible for the governance of the local school.C.The education quality is not very high-standard.D.Teachers are less-paid than the state-run schools.11.The sources of American Folk Music are .A.the British Isles and AfricaB.the British Isles and AsiaC.European countriesD.All of the above12.American Folk Music represents .A.the American IndiansB.the tribal music of primitive peoplesC.American cultureD.The western American lives13.The foremost form of Anglo-Celtic folk music is .A.church musicB.BalladryC.Tribal musicD.Harmonic music14.Bob Dylan is .A.American folk singer folksinger, banjo playerC.American singer and composerD.American folksinger and song writer15.A disc jockey is supposed to .A.Design the programs for radio stations.B.Mix different kinds of music togetheranize the dancing tuneD.Blend only certain types of music together to create new ones.16.Donkey stands for .A. Democratic PartyB. Republican PartyC. Labor PartyD. Federalist Party17.The president of the United States must be at least .A. 40 years oldB. 35 years oldC. 45 years oldD. 37 years old18.Which of the following is not considered as the cornerstone of traditionalAmerican belief?A. Individual FreedomB. Equality of OpportunityC. Material WealthD. Racial Diversity19.is responsible for the relation of the United States with foreign countries.A. congressB. presidentC. ambassadorD. chief judge20.The president can veto any bills passed by congress, unless in each housevote to override the veto.A. 2/3B. 3/4C. 4/5D. 1/221.Juvenile Crime, in law, term denoting various offenses committed by children oryouths under the age of .A. 16B. 14C. 18D. 2022.Which country remains the only Western democracy that imposed the deathpenalty on some of those convicted of murder?A.CanadaB. the United StatesC. EnglandD. Germany23.The largest and best organized association standing for firearm users in Americastates, “ Guns don’t kill people, people kill people”, which is .A.NRAB. Gun ClubC. WHOD. ARA24.Series of studies clearly show that and violence are interrelated.A.RaceB. SexC. AgeD. Drugs25.The unlawful killing of a human being by a person who had an intent to kill is thedefinition of the crime of .A.MurderB. ManslaughterC. AssaultD. Battery26.What is the scientific definition of family given by sociologists?A.We are born into a family, mature in a family, form new families, and leavethem at our death. Family life is a universal human experience.B.The family is a fundamental God given institution built into the very natureof the universe.C.The family is an arbitrary cultural structure. It is a group of people heldtogether by bonds of love and affection.D.The family is a group of people who are related to one another by bonds ofblood, marriage, or adoption and who live together, form an economic unit,and bear and raise children.27.What is the basis for traditional family structure?A.Extended familyB.Nuclear familyC.KinshipD.Immediate family28.What are the diverse patterns of contemporary families?A.Singlehood, Postponing Marriage, Cohabitation, Dual-Earner Marriages,Two-Parent and One-Parent Households, Stepfamilies, Gay and LesbianMarriagesB.Singlehood, Postponing Marriage, Cohabitation, Dual-Earner Marriages,Two-Parent and One-Parent HouseholdsC.Singlehood, Postponing Marriage, Cohabitation, Dual-Earner Marriages,Stepfamilies, Gay and Lesbian MarriagesD.Singlehood, Postponing Marriage, Cohabitation, Two-Parent and One-ParentHouseholds, Gay and Lesbian Marriages29.What are the major family problems?i.Divorceii.Remarriageiii.Violenceiv.Work and Family InequalityA. (1) (2) (3)B. (1) (3) (4)C. (1) (2) (4)D. (1) (2) (3) (4)30.What are the causes for an aging American society?(1) A continued low fertility rate(2)Ever-greater life expectancy rate due to advances in medicine(3)The baby boom generation reaching old age.(4)Improved social services and more favorable public policiesA. (1) (2) (4)B. (1) (2)(3)C. (1)(2)(3)(4)D. (2)(3)(4)31.There occurred three times of immigration waves since 1620. The third wave tookplace , and the number of immigrants rose to 23,500,000, most of whom came from such South-eastern European countries as Italy and Russia.A.between 1820 and 1850B. between 1851 and 1870C. between 1871 and 1920D. between 1881 and 192032.In 1886, gave the United States the Statue of Liberty as a gesture offriendship, and since then the Statue, which is standing on an island near Ellis Island, has become a symbol of hope, lighting the way for new arrivals.A.FranceB. BritainC. GermanyD. Spain33.In recent decades, some important legislative documents have remapped the orderof American immigration policies. Among them, gave the priority to the applicants for family reunification, and since then the number of Asian immigrants has increased rapidly.A.the Immigration Act of 1965B. the Illegal Immigration ActC. the USA Patriot Act of 2001D. the Exclusion Act of 188234.Americans make active use of their legal system and take great pride in being alitigious people. The underlined part means that .A.Americans are fully aware of their legal rightsB.Americans are protective towards their legal rightsC.Americans are jealous of others’ legal rightsD.Americans are fond of taking matters to a court of law35.Like al other judges, are appointed by the president with theapproval and consent of the senate.A.the district judges B the Attorney GeneralC. Chief of JusticeD. justice of the peace36.The most important element in US economy against inflation was .A.the federal Reserve BoardB. the International Monetary FundC. the World BankD. big corporations37.The following are the strengths of the US economy except .A.the highest standard of livingB. the lowest unemployment rateC. low rate of savingsD. high productivity of US industries38.Which of the following is not included as essential elements in Americaneconomic system?A.Productivity.B. Income equality.C. Creativity.D. Stability.39.Which combination is right?A.Passing of the Social Security Act ---- post-1960B.President Nixon --- the Great SocietyC.President Carter --- the Great SocietyD.President Reagan ---- the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act40.Which of the following is not the major role that the US media is playing?A. WatchdogB. Speech RectifierC. SignalerD. Common CarrierII.名词解释1）Gold Rush2)Martin Luther King Jr.3)The New Deal4)The Great Depression5)Laissez-Faire6)Affirmative Action Program7)The Baby Boom8)The Great Society9)Racism10)Ku Klux Klan11)Original Sin (Inherent Sinfulness)12)Welfare State13)Westward Expansion14)WASP15)Rating Code16)McCarthyism17)American Dream18)the Iron Curtain19)the Marshall Plan20)Watergate Scandal21)extended family22)nuclear family23)Hispanic Americans24)Manifest Destiny25)Separation of PowersIII.Essay Questions1)How would you describe the relationship between President and Congress in theUnited States?2)Do you think economic affluence will inevitably lead to consumerism andexcessive individualism? Why or why not?3)What are the major American values? What are the changes in the Americanvalues? What are the factors that contribute to these changes?4)What is the origin of the myth of Asian Superiority? Why do you think the myth ofAsian Superiority is harmful?5)What are some of the characteristics of American education? How do Americansview the role of education in American society and in their individual life?6)America is widely accepted as the engine of the world economy. In what way doyou think the American economy has influenced and will influence the world? 7)Immigration takes place with, at least, two forces at work, namely the pull forceand the push force. Pick any one ethnic group in the United States as an example and illustrate its experience in the “pull and push” framework.8)Throughout the U.S. history, the two major parties, the Republican and theDemocratic, have been holding powers alternatively in the country. What key functions have they played in American politics? Why is it that minor parties in the U.S. have never been able to challenge the two-party system in the power struggle of American politics?9)The death penalty and gun control have been issues of bitter controversy in nationaland state politics of the United States. Discuss the reasons why Americans are so divided over these two issues, and explain how values and principles clash with each other in these two controversial issues.10)Sports, particularly football, have traditionally played a significant role inAmerican colleges and universities. What are their social, cultural, and economic implications for universities and students?Basic American values:Individual freedom --- the freedom of individuals to fulfill their own individual needsand do as they wishSelf-reliance --- being able to take care of themselves and not depend on others for supportEquality of opportunity --- having an equal chance to succeed, regardless of whethersex, race, or ageCompetition --- having to compete with others for success, rather than expecting to be given something for freeMaterial wealth --- viewing possessions as the mark of having status in the societyand as the natural reward for hard workHard work --- the belief that everyone should work hard, sometimes for very long hours, to be successful。

高三英语阅读理解(社会文化)的技巧及练习题及练习题(含答案)含解析

高三英语阅读理解(社会文化)的技巧及练习题及练习题(含答案)含解析一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类1．阅读理解The United States is home to 562 recognized American Indian Nations each with its own language.Yet the number of native. Americans with the ability to speak their tribe's language has decreased over the past century.Now, Indian Nations are trying different ways to expand the number of native speakers, and increase interest in their communities to learn tribal languages.Since the late 1800s many American Indian children have attended boarding schools. At that time, Indian children were required to attend schools by law, and the government forced Indian families to send their children to such schools.The children were separated from their families. and given English name The teachers often taught native American students in English, instead of the language of their parents. They were told they needed to learn English in order to get a job, earn money and buy a house or nice things.However, fearing a loss of history and culture, the Indian Nations are experimenting with new ways to increase the language ability of tribal members.At least one organization is turning to modern technology---The Sealaska Heritage Institute, a nonprofit group, has developed two apps for speakers of the Tlingit language.The "Learning Tlingit" app serves as a reference for important language topics such as conversation phrases, number, and letters.The Tlingit tribe has about 10, 000 members. They live mainly in southeastern Alaska. But as of 2013, the tribe had only 125 native speakers left. in addition, very few young people are able to speak Tlingit.Currently there are two apps, called "Learning Tlingit" and "Tlingit Language Games". The "Learning Tlingit" app serves as a language guide. It provides Tlingit words and expressions, the tribal alphabet, as well as a basic list of the words included. With the "Tlingit Language Games" app, users are given a choice of different places of environments, like a house, forest or ocean.（1）What is the problem the native Americans are facing now?A.The number of native Americans has been increasing.B.Fewer and fewer native Americans speak their own language.C.Their native language has been extinct.D.It's hard to increase the interest of hearing native languages.（2）What will be the result if more and more native Americans only speak English?A.They will get better jobs and higher pay.B.They will teach their own children to speak English.C.They will lose their history and culture.D.They will get along well with the government.（3）What can we know about Tlingit?A.It can help the native people know some language topics.B.It can help the: native people earn money and buy a. house or nice thingsC.It is a very popular app among the native speakersD.It is a native language spoken by fewer than 200 people.（4）What is the main idea of the passage?A.American Indian tribes' efforts to increase native speakers.B.Reasons for the disappearance of some American Indian languages.C.Ways to help the native tribes lead a traditional life.D.The popularity of the language learning apps.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，美国的印第安人正在使用新的方法来增加本族语言的使用，否则，他们的本族语言将面临严重的危机。

高中英语美国文化复习题集附答案

高中英语美国文化复习题集附答案高中英语美国文化复习题集附答案1. Multiple Choice Questions1. In which year did the American Civil War end?a) 1865b) 1776c) 1945d) 1918Answer: a) 18652. Who is considered the founding father of the United States?a) George Washingtonb) Abraham Lincolnc) Thomas Jeffersond) Benjamin FranklinAnswer: a) George Washington3. Which of the following is a famous American landmark?a) Big Benb) Eiffel Towerc) Statue of Libertyd) Sydney Opera HouseAnswer: c) Statue of Liberty4. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?a) Thomas Jeffersonb) John F. Kennedyc) Franklin D. Rooseveltd) Abraham LincolnAnswer: a) Thomas Jefferson5. Which sport is considered America's favorite pastime?a) Soccerb) Baseballc) Basketballd) FootballAnswer: b) Baseball2. True or False Questions1. The United States has 50 states.Answer: True2. Thanksgiving is a holiday celebrated in the United States. Answer: True3. The American flag has 50 stars, each representing a state.Answer: True4. The Great Wall of China is located in the United States.Answer: False5. The White House is the official residence and workplace of the President of the United States.Answer: True3. Short Answer Questions1. Who was the first African American President of the United States?Answer: Barack Obama2. What is the capital of the United States?Answer: Washington, D.C.3. Who is the current President of the United States?Answer: Joe Biden4. Name one famous American inventor.Answer: Thomas Edison5. What is the national motto of the United States?Answer: "In God We Trust"4. Essay QuestionDescribe the significance of the Civil Rights Movement in American history. Provide examples of key events and individuals who played a role in the movement.Answer: The Civil Rights Movement was a pivotal moment in American history that aimed to end racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans. It spanned from the 1950s to the 1960s and was characterized by nonviolent protests, demonstrations, and legal battles.One key event of the Civil Rights Movement was the Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955. It was sparked by Rosa Parks, an African American woman who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. This act of resistance led to a mass boycott of the city's buses by African Americans, demanding an end to segregated seating. The boycott lasted for over a year and ultimately resulted in a Supreme Court ruling that declared segregation on public buses unconstitutional.Another significant event was the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom in 1963. It was organized by civil rights activists, including Martin Luther King Jr., and drew approximately 250,000 participants. During this march, King delivered his famous "I Have a Dream" speech, calling for racial equality and an end to discrimination. The march increased public awareness of the civil rights movement and put pressure on the government to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964.Key individuals who played a role in the Civil Rights Movement include Martin Luther King Jr., who became the face of the movement due to his charismatic leadership and nonviolent philosophy. His efforts and speeches inspired millions of people to join the fight for equality. Other notablefigures include Rosa Parks, who sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott, and Malcolm X, a prominent civil rights activist who advocated for black empowerment through self-defense.The Civil Rights Movement resulted in significant achievements, such as the desegregation of schools, the end of Jim Crow laws, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which aimed to protect African Americans' right to vote. It laid the foundation for future social justice movements and transformed the landscape of American society.In conclusion, the Civil Rights Movement marked a turning point in American history. It was a struggle for equality and justice, led by courageous individuals who fought against racial discrimination. Through their efforts, they brought about lasting change and paved the way for a more inclusive and equal society.。

(英语)高二英语阅读理解(社会文化)试题(有答案和解析)及解析

（英语）高二英语阅读理解(社会文化)试题(有答案和解析)及解析一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类1．阅读理解The United States is home to 562 recognized American Indian Nations each with its own language.Yet the number of native. Americans with the ability to speak their tribe's language has decreased over the past century.Now, Indian Nations are trying different ways to expand the number of native speakers, and increase interest in their communities to learn tribal languages.Since the late 1800s many American Indian children have attended boarding schools. At that time, Indian children were required to attend schools by law, and the government forced Indian families to send their children to such schools.The children were separated from their families. and given English name The teachers often taught native American students in English, instead of the language of their parents. They were told they needed to learn English in order to get a job, earn money and buy a house or nice things.However, fearing a loss of history and culture, the Indian Nations are experimenting with new ways to increase the language ability of tribal members.At least one organization is turning to modern technology---The Sealaska Heritage Institute, a nonprofit group, has developed two apps for speakers of the Tlingit language.The "Learning Tlingit" app serves as a reference for important language topics such as conversation phrases, number, and letters.The Tlingit tribe has about 10, 000 members. They live mainly in southeastern Alaska. But as of 2013, the tribe had only 125 native speakers left. in addition, very few young people are able to speak Tlingit.Currently there are two apps, called "Learning Tlingit" and "Tlingit Language Games". The "Learning Tlingit" app serves as a language guide. It provides Tlingit words and expressions, the tribal alphabet, as well as a basic list of the words included. With the "Tlingit Language Games" app, users are given a choice of different places of environments, like a house, forest or ocean.（1）What is the problem the native Americans are facing now?A.The number of native Americans has been increasing.B.Fewer and fewer native Americans speak their own language.C.Their native language has been extinct.D.It's hard to increase the interest of hearing native languages.（2）What will be the result if more and more native Americans only speak English?A.They will get better jobs and higher pay.B.They will teach their own children to speak English.C.They will lose their history and culture.D.They will get along well with the government.（3）What can we know about Tlingit?A.It can help the native people know some language topics.B.It can help the: native people earn money and buy a. house or nice thingsC.It is a very popular app among the native speakersD.It is a native language spoken by fewer than 200 people.（4）What is the main idea of the passage?A.American Indian tribes' efforts to increase native speakers.B.Reasons for the disappearance of some American Indian languages.C.Ways to help the native tribes lead a traditional life.D.The popularity of the language learning apps.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，美国的印第安人正在使用新的方法来增加本族语言的使用，否则，他们的本族语言将面临严重的危机。

美国文化作业参考答案

美国文化作业参考答案Answers to the assignment of American Culture美国文化作业参考答案Unit 1Please list at least five symbols of America.The statue of liberty, Barbie dolls, American gothic, buffalo nickel and Uncle Sam.Unit 2Please answer this question: In what way did Puritanism influence American culture?Puritans were those who followed the doctrine of John Calvin and wanted to purify the Church of England. They believe that human beings were predestined by God before they were born. Some were God’s chosen people while others were damned to hell. No church nor good works could save people. The sign of being God’s elect was the success in his work or the prosperity in his calling. They also argued that everyone must read the Bible in order to find God’s will and establish a direct contract with God. These beliefs had great impact on American culture.Unit 31. What is "The Bill of Rights"?1. The Bill of Right consists of the first 10 amendments which were added to the Constitution in 1791. The Bill of Right was passed to guarantee freedom and individual rights such as freedom of speech, the right to assemble in public places, the right to own weapons and so on.2. Please say something about a federal system.2. A federal system is one in which power is shared betweena central authority and its constituent parts, with some rightsreserved to each.Unit 41. Say something about the service industry.1. Services industries are industries that sell a service rather than make a product. Service industries range from banking to telecommunications to the provision of meals in restaurants. As more and more people are employed in service industries in the US.It is sometimes said that the US has moved into a "post-industrial era".2. What kind of workers do large farms hire in the harvest time? Please say something in detail.2. Migrant workers.Many big farms hire temporary workers only for a specific chore-such as picking crops. Many of these seasonal workers travel from farm to farm, staying only until the crops are picked. They are known as migrant workers.Unit 51. Who can make decisions about the policies of the school? Say something in detail.1. Boards of education. Boards of education refer to groups of people who make policies for school at the state and/or district level. They also make decisions about the school curriculum, teacher standards and certification, and the overall measurement of student progress.2. Please list the reasons for the flourishing of large universities.2. They offer the best libraries for scientific research. Access to a "mainframe"(very large)computer and to modern laboratories attracts leading scientists to the faculties of suchschools.And students enroll to study with the experts.Unit 6Say something about the Civil Rights Movement.It is one of the most important of all social movements in the 1960s in America. Rosa Parks' spontaneous action in 1955 was believed to be the true beginning of the civil rights movement. The black students' sit-in at a department lunch counter in North Carolina touched off the nationwide civil rights movement. During the first half of the decade, civil rights organizations like the SNCC, CORE, and SCLC struggled for radical integration by providing leadership, tactics, network and the people. In the latter half of the decade, some black organizations changed their nonviolent tactics, and emphasized on more radical means to end discrimination and raised the self-image of the blacks. The civil rights movement producedsuch great leaders as Martin Luther King. Jr., and Malcolm X, who inspired a generation of both blacks and whites to devote their lives to fighting for racial equality in the US.Unit 7Please say something about drug abuse in the US.Drug abuse in the US has come to be regarded as one of the most challenging social problems facing the nation. The drug issue always excites strong emotions of Americans because drug abuse is perceived as a major threat to American society, particularly to its younger members. Drug abuse is a social problem because it has a wide range of social costs. For example, drug is closely related with crime, and automobile accidents. It has serious effects on individuals physically and mentally. And the economic losses caused by drug abuse are great.Unit 8Say something about "Super Bowl".Super bowl is the name of final match of professional American football competitions, which decides the champion team for the year.Unit 9Say something about "Hollywood".Hollywood refers to a rural suburb of Los Angeles. In 1909，many independent film companies moved their studios to the area which offered them more reliable sunshine-the ideal lighting condition for filmmaking, as well as distance from Edison's monopoly in the East. Hollywood became the American movie capital after 1913.。

[2023版]国开河南电大专科《社会学概论》无纸化考试(作业练习1至3+我要考试)试题及答案

［2023版］国开河南电大行管专科《社会学概论》无纸化考试（作业株习1至3+我要考锹）钱做及答案就明；费号叠现手2023年10Mo作业株R1 裁败及答案备注；*套被曲的吝球也项次才是氤机变化的，所应考我时要尊辗用件餐索ABCD圾片对成的正礴说夜。

1.职能式组织结构的特点是项目系统没有固定的工作人员，而是随着任务的进度，根据工作的需要，从各职能部门抽调人员参加，完成任务以后，各项目小组成员就回到原来的部门，项目小组成员接受双重领导。

A.正确B.错误［答案］B2.组织中的正式结构反映了组织成员之间的职能（或职务）关系，不能表现出他们之间的相互接触、相互作用的社会关系，而非正式结构的产生和存在可满足组织中成员各方面的需求，因此，非正式结构在一定条件下对正式的结构起着补充作用。

A.错误B.正确［答案］B3.只有正式的群体规范具有约束和指导作用，对群体的发展和运行有重要的意义。

A.正确B.错误［答案］B4.中国当代家庭以扩大家庭和夫居制家庭为主，严格执行父系制，母权家庭在逐步上升。

A.错误B.正确［答案］A5.初级社会群体过度发达或过度萎缩都不利于社会的良性运行。

A.错误B.正确［答案］B6.初级群体成员间的交往具有情感性，次级群体成员间的关系多数是工具性的。

A.错误B.正确［答案］B7.消费不仅是生活方式，而且是文化形式。

A.正确8.错误［答案］A8.文化并不是一成不变的，它是一定社会环境与自然环境的产物，随着环境的变化而变化。

A.错误B.正确［答案］B9.初级社会群体在满足人们感情需要、减轻心理压力、防止人性异化等方面发挥着重要作用，这是区别于其他社会群体的一个重要功能。

A.正确B.错误［答案］A10.自由流动无定的方向，不能从个别的自由流动中发现社会变迁的性质和趋势；结构性流动是有方向性的，从每一次结构性流动中都可发现社会变迁的性质和方向。

A.正确B.错误［答案］AIL通常，群体决策可以集思广益，但是，群体决策往往也更容易导致冒险和失误。

文化生活期中测试卷

文化生活期中测试题第一部分选择题（共66分）一、选择题(在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的)1．《经济日报》载文指出，与世界上其他两大经济体欧洲和北美洲相比，亚洲国家文化的多样性以及历史因素等，决定了亚洲经济的一体化将是一个漫长的过程。

这表明( )A．经济一体化决定文化一体化B．在发展本民族文化的同时，要注意维护文化的多样性C．文化多样性对经济一体化有重大影响D．一定的文化反作用于一定的经济2．近几年，“韩流”吹遍世界，在国内，也有大量的“哈韩族”。

韩剧中普遍流露的对于本国传统文化的肯定，对仁、义、礼、爱等的张扬，正是一些国产剧所抛弃的。

这启迪我们( )A．传统礼仪道德应该得到继承、发展B．对待传统文化应批判继承，古为今用C．文化产品应汲取传统文化，体现时代精神D．文化产品尽量模仿韩剧的情节3．2013年《新华每日电讯》载文报道，在生活节奏加快的今天，人们不妨再拿起纸、笔，让爱和思念不是通过转瞬即逝的电波，而是跃然纸上，也许这更能触动人们的内心，体验“家书抵万金”的感觉。

这表明（）A．优秀的传统文化必须得以传承B．科技进步不应该成为抛弃传统文化的理由C．传统文化对维系人间情感起着重要作用D．传统文化与现代文化不可调和4．实践基础上的文化创新是：（）A．“推陈出新，革故鼎新”发展先进文化的过程B．不同民族文化相互交流、融合的过程C．“取其精华，去其糟粕”改造传统文化的过程D．借鉴汲取人类一切优秀成果的过程5．“李杜诗篇万古传，至今已觉不新鲜。

江山代有才人出，各领风骚数百年。

”这篇《论诗》道出了文化发展的规律——不断创新，永无止境。

要进行文化创新，就必须：（）A．继承传统，推陈出新B．在继承的基础上发展，在发展的过程中继承B．面向世界，博采众长C．积极参加社会实践5、文化创作的源泉是（）A、取其精华以，去其糟粕B、推陈出新，革故鼎新C、社会实践D、不同民族文化的交流、融合6、下列关于文化的说法中，正确的是（）A、文化是人类社会实践的产物B、人类社会产生前，文化就存在于自然界中C、文化是人天生就具有的D、文化可以脱离人类社会而独立存在7、思想文化是同政治、经济联系在一起的，它虽然受一定社会的政治、经济所制约，但又对政治、经济起反作用。

高三英语阅读理解(社会文化)解题技巧及练习题

高三英语阅读理解(社会文化)解题技巧及练习题一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类1．阅读理解The United States is home to 562 recognized American Indian Nations each with its own language.Yet the number of native. Americans with the ability to speak their tribe's language has decreased over the past century.Now, Indian Nations are trying different ways to expand the number of native speakers, and increase interest in their communities to learn tribal languages.Since the late 1800s many American Indian children have attended boarding schools. At that time, Indian children were required to attend schools by law, and the government forced Indian families to send their children to such schools.The children were separated from their families. and given English name The teachers often taught native American students in English, instead of the language of their parents. They were told they needed to learn English in order to get a job, earn money and buy a house or nice things.However, fearing a loss of history and culture, the Indian Nations are experimenting with new ways to increase the language ability of tribal members.At least one organization is turning to modern technology---The Sealaska Heritage Institute, a nonprofit group, has developed two apps for speakers of the Tlingit language.The "Learning Tlingit" app serves as a reference for important language topics such as conversation phrases, number, and letters.The Tlingit tribe has about 10, 000 members. They live mainly in southeastern Alaska. But as of 2013, the tribe had only 125 native speakers left. in addition, very few young people are able to speak Tlingit.Currently there are two apps, called "Learning Tlingit" and "Tlingit Language Games". The "Learning Tlingit" app serves as a language guide. It provides Tlingit words and expressions, the tribal alphabet, as well as a basic list of the words included. With the "Tlingit Language Games" app, users are given a choice of different places of environments, like a house, forest or ocean.（1）What is the problem the native Americans are facing now?A.The number of native Americans has been increasing.B.Fewer and fewer native Americans speak their own language.C.Their native language has been extinct.D.It's hard to increase the interest of hearing native languages.（2）What will be the result if more and more native Americans only speak English?A.They will get better jobs and higher pay.B.They will teach their own children to speak English.C.They will lose their history and culture.D.They will get along well with the government.（3）What can we know about Tlingit?A.It can help the native people know some language topics.B.It can help the: native people earn money and buy a. house or nice thingsC.It is a very popular app among the native speakersD.It is a native language spoken by fewer than 200 people.（4）What is the main idea of the passage?A.American Indian tribes' efforts to increase native speakers.B.Reasons for the disappearance of some American Indian languages.C.Ways to help the native tribes lead a traditional life.D.The popularity of the language learning apps.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，美国的印第安人正在使用新的方法来增加本族语言的使用，否则，他们的本族语言将面临严重的危机。

(英语)高考英语阅读理解(社会文化)精编习题

（英语）高考英语阅读理解(社会文化)精编习题一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类1．阅读理解The United States is home to 562 recognized American Indian Nations each with its own language.Yet the number of native. Americans with the ability to speak their tribe's language has decreased over the past century.Now, Indian Nations are trying different ways to expand the number of native speakers, and increase interest in their communities to learn tribal languages.Since the late 1800s many American Indian children have attended boarding schools. At that time, Indian children were required to attend schools by law, and the government forced Indian families to send their children to such schools.The children were separated from their families. and given English name The teachers often taught native American students in English, instead of the language of their parents. They were told they needed to learn English in order to get a job, earn money and buy a house or nice things.However, fearing a loss of history and culture, the Indian Nations are experimenting with new ways to increase the language ability of tribal members.At least one organization is turning to modern technology---The Sealaska Heritage Institute, a nonprofit group, has developed two apps for speakers of the Tlingit language.The "Learning Tlingit" app serves as a reference for important language topics such as conversation phrases, number, and letters.The Tlingit tribe has about 10, 000 members. They live mainly in southeastern Alaska. But as of 2013, the tribe had only 125 native speakers left. in addition, very few young people are able to speak Tlingit.Currently there are two apps, called "Learning Tlingit" and "Tlingit Language Games". The "Learning Tlingit" app serves as a language guide. It provides Tlingit words and expressions, the tribal alphabet, as well as a basic list of the words included. With the "Tlingit Language Games" app, users are given a choice of different places of environments, like a house, forest or ocean.（1）What is the problem the native Americans are facing now?A.The number of native Americans has been increasing.B.Fewer and fewer native Americans speak their own language.C.Their native language has been extinct.D.It's hard to increase the interest of hearing native languages.（2）What will be the result if more and more native Americans only speak English?A.They will get better jobs and higher pay.B.They will teach their own children to speak English.C.They will lose their history and culture.D.They will get along well with the government.（3）What can we know about Tlingit?A.It can help the native people know some language topics.B.It can help the: native people earn money and buy a. house or nice thingsC.It is a very popular app among the native speakersD.It is a native language spoken by fewer than 200 people.（4）What is the main idea of the passage?A.American Indian tribes' efforts to increase native speakers.B.Reasons for the disappearance of some American Indian languages.C.Ways to help the native tribes lead a traditional life.D.The popularity of the language learning apps.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，美国的印第安人正在使用新的方法来增加本族语言的使用，否则，他们的本族语言将面临严重的危机。

2021年上海美国学校高三语文上学期期中考试试卷及参考答案

2021年上海美国学校高三语文上学期期中考试试卷及参考答案一、现代文阅读（36分）(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。

材料一《易经·系辞》称：“形而上者谓之道，形而下者谓之器。

”按照这个说法，诗词曲赋与琴棋书画等艺术门类都可归入无形的“道”的范畴，强调哲理和美学意义；而建筑与车舆、衣服、盆碗类似，属于有形的“器”的性质，注重实用性，兼顾审美，主要由匠人来制作，文人士大夫阶层极少直接参与。

由此导致中国古代建筑界虽然巨匠辈出，巧夺天工，取得极高的成就，却一直缺乏理论总结。

中国古代园林艺术相对得到主流阶层的追捧，出现了《园冶》《长物志》等理论名著，而在更广泛的建筑领域，相关学问备受冷落，虽然有宋代《营造法式》、清代《工程做法》等官书和明代《鲁班经》之类的民间著述传世，但数量远远不及西方，而且主要内容都偏于实际操作层面的记述，没有太多的理论探索，与西方古罗马《建筑十书》以及文艺复兴以来的建筑名著差异很大。

19世纪末叶以来，随着清朝的衰落和灭亡，中国受到西方政治、经济、文化、科技的全面冲击，传统建筑行业走向衰微，源自欧美的现代建筑材料、结构和形式逐渐在中国各地流行，使得拥有千年历史的华夏大地的城市面貌发生翻天覆地的变化。

时至今日，中国的建筑体系与世界其他国家完全趋同，与古代则大相径庭，广大建筑师对于传统的建筑技艺普遍感到生疏，绝大多数设计作品都近于西方建筑的翻版，失去了本土的文化基因。

在此情形之下，从20世纪初开始，一些中外建筑师努力尝试扭转这一趋势，在现代建筑中刻意表现“民族形式”，将传统建筑的造型与文化内涵融入新的建筑项目，如亨利•墨菲设计的燕京大学校园和吕彦直设计的中山陵。

以中国营造学社为代表的先贤致力于用现代的科学方法对中国古代建筑展开研究，梁思成、刘桢等学者四处考察测绘，搜集古籍，成果斐然。

经过几代人的艰难跋涉，对于中国现代“民族形式”的探索仍处于迷途之中，尚未找到相对圆满的解决之道，而对于传统建筑的研究，长期侧重于历史本身，理论方面的论述非常有限，还不能对建筑设计进行明确的指引。

(英语)高三英语阅读理解(社会文化)的技巧及练习题及练习题(含答案)

（英语）高三英语阅读理解(社会文化)的技巧及练习题及练习题(含答案)一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类1．阅读理解The United States is home to 562 recognized American Indian Nations each with its own language.Yet the number of native. Americans with the ability to speak their tribe's language has decreased over the past century.Now, Indian Nations are trying different ways to expand the number of native speakers, and increase interest in their communities to learn tribal languages.Since the late 1800s many American Indian children have attended boarding schools. At that time, Indian children were required to attend schools by law, and the government forced Indian families to send their children to such schools.The children were separated from their families. and given English name The teachers often taught native American students in English, instead of the language of their parents. They were told they needed to learn English in order to get a job, earn money and buy a house or nice things.However, fearing a loss of history and culture, the Indian Nations are experimenting with new ways to increase the language ability of tribal members.At least one organization is turning to modern technology---The Sealaska Heritage Institute, a nonprofit group, has developed two apps for speakers of the Tlingit language.The "Learning Tlingit" app serves as a reference for important language topics such as conversation phrases, number, and letters.The Tlingit tribe has about 10, 000 members. They live mainly in southeastern Alaska. But as of 2013, the tribe had only 125 native speakers left. in addition, very few young people are able to speak Tlingit.Currently there are two apps, called "Learning Tlingit" and "Tlingit Language Games". The "Learning Tlingit" app serves as a language guide. It provides Tlingit words and expressions, the tribal alphabet, as well as a basic list of the words included. With the "Tlingit Language Games" app, users are given a choice of different places of environments, like a house, forest or ocean.（1）What is the problem the native Americans are facing now?A.The number of native Americans has been increasing.B.Fewer and fewer native Americans speak their own language.C.Their native language has been extinct.D.It's hard to increase the interest of hearing native languages.（2）What will be the result if more and more native Americans only speak English?A.They will get better jobs and higher pay.B.They will teach their own children to speak English.C.They will lose their history and culture.D.They will get along well with the government.（3）What can we know about Tlingit?A.It can help the native people know some language topics.B.It can help the: native people earn money and buy a. house or nice thingsC.It is a very popular app among the native speakersD.It is a native language spoken by fewer than 200 people.（4）What is the main idea of the passage?A.American Indian tribes' efforts to increase native speakers.B.Reasons for the disappearance of some American Indian languages.C.Ways to help the native tribes lead a traditional life.D.The popularity of the language learning apps.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，美国的印第安人正在使用新的方法来增加本族语言的使用，否则，他们的本族语言将面临严重的危机。

当代美国社会与文化试题与答案（代保平课）

当代美国社会与文化试题与答案（代保平课）美国枪支管制的妨碍因素.根源：美国枪支问题的出现，是与长久以来所形成的枪支文化紧密相关。

而这种枪支文化的形成，则是由美国早期特殊的历史积淀所造就的。

16世纪，当第一批欧洲人历经艰辛来到美洲大陆后，面对着极为恶劣的外部环境。

除了抵御野兽的来袭，还要和当地印第安人对抗。

在这种混乱纷杂的环境下，当时并没有政府或者社会组织提供有效的防卫措施，唯一可以信赖的就是自身的力量，而枪支在保障人身安全方面发挥了重要的作用。

不仅如此，在北美大陆，打猎从一开始就已经成为一种谋生手段，枪支就成为猎杀野兽、维持生计的重要工具。

妨碍因素：1.利益集团的斗争NRA美国政治在很大程度上是一种利益集团政治，以布雷迪运动为首的枪支管制组织和以全美步枪协会为首的反对力量之间展开了激烈的交锋，竞相对国会施加压力。

可以说，围绕枪支问题的争夺已经变成了一种利益集团政治。

全美步枪协会被公认为是美国社会中最为强大的单一问题利益集团。

在历次国会枪支立法的过程中，全美步枪协会都扮演了核心的角色。

在全美步枪协会看来，民众持有武器的权利不得随意剥夺，反对任何形式的枪支管制，而主张严惩使用枪支犯罪的罪犯。

2.宪法修改的程序困境美国建国前后，拥有和携带枪支的权利，和言论自由一样，已被视为最珍视的个人权利之一。

而且枪支管制的问题，涉及对美国宪法第二条修正案的解释问题。

当时，共有7个州采用了"权利法案"，都含有保护民兵或者明确支持持有和携带枪支的条文规定。

近年来，在枪支问题变得突出之后，维护持枪权利的组织和人士始终依托宪法第二条修正案，反对任何的枪支管制措施。

3.民众态度的分化具体来说，妇女、城市居民、非美国本土出生者、政治上倾向自由主义者、不拥有枪支者相对更倾向于支持枪支管制，而男性、乡村居民、美国本土出生者、政治立场保守者、枪支拥有者则相对消极，不少人还采取激烈的反对态度。

而具体到地域上，城市居民出于对犯罪率上升的担忧，所以主张枪支管制的呼声就比较高涨；而在美国南部和中西部的山区，人们钟爱于打猎，也依赖枪支来防身，所以反对枪支管制的呼声相对很高。

高二英语阅读理解(社会文化)的技巧及练习题及练习题(含答案)

高二英语阅读理解(社会文化)的技巧及练习题及练习题(含答案)一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类1．阅读理解The United States is home to 562 recognized American Indian Nations each with its own language.Yet the number of native. Americans with the ability to speak their tribe's language has decreased over the past century.Now, Indian Nations are trying different ways to expand the number of native speakers, and increase interest in their communities to learn tribal languages.Since the late 1800s many American Indian children have attended boarding schools. At that time, Indian children were required to attend schools by law, and the government forced Indian families to send their children to such schools.The children were separated from their families. and given English name The teachers often taught native American students in English, instead of the language of their parents. They were told they needed to learn English in order to get a job, earn money and buy a house or nice things.However, fearing a loss of history and culture, the Indian Nations are experimenting with new ways to increase the language ability of tribal members.At least one organization is turning to modern technology---The Sealaska Heritage Institute, a nonprofit group, has developed two apps for speakers of the Tlingit language.The "Learning Tlingit" app serves as a reference for important language topics such as conversation phrases, number, and letters.The Tlingit tribe has about 10, 000 members. They live mainly in southeastern Alaska. But as of 2013, the tribe had only 125 native speakers left. in addition, very few young people are able to speak Tlingit.Currently there are two apps, called "Learning Tlingit" and "Tlingit Language Games". The "Learning Tlingit" app serves as a language guide. It provides Tlingit words and expressions, the tribal alphabet, as well as a basic list of the words included. With the "Tlingit Language Games" app, users are given a choice of different places of environments, like a house, forest or ocean.（1）What is the problem the native Americans are facing now?A.The number of native Americans has been increasing.B.Fewer and fewer native Americans speak their own language.C.Their native language has been extinct.D.It's hard to increase the interest of hearing native languages.（2）What will be the result if more and more native Americans only speak English?A.They will get better jobs and higher pay.B.They will teach their own children to speak English.C.They will lose their history and culture.D.They will get along well with the government.（3）What can we know about Tlingit?A.It can help the native people know some language topics.B.It can help the: native people earn money and buy a. house or nice thingsC.It is a very popular app among the native speakersD.It is a native language spoken by fewer than 200 people.（4）What is the main idea of the passage?A.American Indian tribes' efforts to increase native speakers.B.Reasons for the disappearance of some American Indian languages.C.Ways to help the native tribes lead a traditional life.D.The popularity of the language learning apps.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，美国的印第安人正在使用新的方法来增加本族语言的使用，否则，他们的本族语言将面临严重的危机。

(英语)高中英语阅读理解(社会文化)的技巧及练习题及练习题(含答案)及解析

（英语）高中英语阅读理解(社会文化)的技巧及练习题及练习题(含答案)及解析一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类1．阅读理解The United States is home to 562 recognized American Indian Nations each with its own language.Yet the number of native. Americans with the ability to speak their tribe's language has decreased over the past century.Now, Indian Nations are trying different ways to expand the number of native speakers, and increase interest in their communities to learn tribal languages.Since the late 1800s many American Indian children have attended boarding schools. At that time, Indian children were required to attend schools by law, and the government forced Indian families to send their children to such schools.The children were separated from their families. and given English name The teachers often taught native American students in English, instead of the language of their parents. They were told they needed to learn English in order to get a job, earn money and buy a house or nice things.However, fearing a loss of history and culture, the Indian Nations are experimenting with new ways to increase the language ability of tribal members.At least one organization is turning to modern technology---The Sealaska Heritage Institute, a nonprofit group, has developed two apps for speakers of the Tlingit language.The "Learning Tlingit" app serves as a reference for important language topics such as conversation phrases, number, and letters.The Tlingit tribe has about 10, 000 members. They live mainly in southeastern Alaska. But as of 2013, the tribe had only 125 native speakers left. in addition, very few young people are able to speak Tlingit.Currently there are two apps, called "Learning Tlingit" and "Tlingit Language Games". The "Learning Tlingit" app serves as a language guide. It provides Tlingit words and expressions, the tribal alphabet, as well as a basic list of the words included. With the "Tlingit Language Games" app, users are given a choice of different places of environments, like a house, forest or ocean.（1）What is the problem the native Americans are facing now?A.The number of native Americans has been increasing.B.Fewer and fewer native Americans speak their own language.C.Their native language has been extinct.D.It's hard to increase the interest of hearing native languages.（2）What will be the result if more and more native Americans only speak English?A.They will get better jobs and higher pay.B.They will teach their own children to speak English.C.They will lose their history and culture.D.They will get along well with the government.（3）What can we know about Tlingit?A.It can help the native people know some language topics.B.It can help the: native people earn money and buy a. house or nice thingsC.It is a very popular app among the native speakersD.It is a native language spoken by fewer than 200 people.（4）What is the main idea of the passage?A.American Indian tribes' efforts to increase native speakers.B.Reasons for the disappearance of some American Indian languages.C.Ways to help the native tribes lead a traditional life.D.The popularity of the language learning apps.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，美国的印第安人正在使用新的方法来增加本族语言的使用，否则，他们的本族语言将面临严重的危机。

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关于《论美国的民主》的读书报告
美国，是当今世界上最民主的国家。

整体来讲，托克维尔用本书将美国民主的形成原因、形成过程以及美国式民主在美国社会的运行状态作了全面的考察和解析，让读者对美国民主有了全面深入的认识。

其次，又进一步考察美国民主如何对美国社会的方方面面产生影响，大到对美国政治社会的影响，中到对美国人智力、民情和情感的影响，小到对美国文学、戏剧、家庭生活的影响。

《论美国的民主》下卷与上卷相隔五年，上卷研究了美国民主的主要问题，下卷主要讲述了民主这一概念对美国的市民社会、习惯、思想和民情等各个方面的影响。

下卷分为四个部分，分别讲述了民主在美国对智力活动、对情感、对民情、对政治社会的影响，哲学和社会学的色彩较为浓厚。

可以说两卷书是相辅相成的。

托克维尔在《论美国的民主》中所追求的并非是对美国民主政制的简单叙述或者颂扬，而是“从美国找到我们可资借鉴的教训”，“弄清民主的究竟，以使我们至少知道应当希望它如何和害怕它什么”。

因此，《论美国的民主》建立在美国与法国的比较的基础之上，托克维尔对法国民主革命所遇到的种种问题的认识，为其考察美国的民主政制设定了方向，从而使美国民主政制的真正特点能够得到显现。

俗话说的好，水能载舟，亦能覆舟。

民主带来的不仅仅是好处，也可能是灾难。

就像伟大的哲学家苏格拉底一样，就是死于“民主”的暴政。

民主也会让人变得懒惰，过分追求物质享受，变得自私自利。

但正如书中所言，民主虽然不一定会让每一个人的生活变得更好，但能让更多的人生活的更有保障。

托克维尔通过对美国民主在各阶层、领域的影响的剖析，从一个独特的视角向人们陈述了新生的美国的民主发展现状。

法律面前人人平等的原则最早可以追溯到古罗马法。

几百年来，多少国家、民族为了实现这一个伟大的理想进行了一次又一次的变革。

但是在托克维尔看来，美国民主才第一次较为彻底地实现了平等这一久远的理想。

从国家权力机关的相互制约，到人民权利的保障，毫无疑问，美国民主开启了世界民主的新纪元，开创了一条真正意义上的民主之路。

当下，个人主义仍然是美国文化的核心特征。

随着全球化的深入，个人主义也渗透到了我们中国，在无形中改变着人们的观念。

从前我们强调集体主义，认为集体利益高于个人利益，而如今，独善其身、只想操纵自己的命运、不愿引火上身、但求自身安稳等自我思想不断在社会上蔓延，这种思想从某种意义上可以说是造成社会道德责任感缺失、民众法治观念薄弱、社会凝聚力不够的原因。

如何解决个人主义给我们带来的负面影响，是当下中国值得深思的问题，或许，我们能从竞争对手上找到答案。

不可否认，美国是当今的超级大国，它在政治，经济，文化制度上的优势是其他国家难以比拟的。

从某种意义上说，是美国式的民主给予了美国社会无穷的力量。

真正好的制度不仅能使全社会为了实现共同的、明确的目标而团结在一起，而且还能使整个社会共同地纠正这个制度存在的缺陷，这或许是美国式民主给予我们的最深刻的启示。

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