专题7 非谓语动词解析与练习大总结

专题7非谓语动词

动词除了在句子中充当谓语外，还具有名词、形容词及副词的性质动词的非谓语形式，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语和状语等，称作非谓语动词，包括动词不定式(to do sth)、分词(V-ing/V-ed) 和动名词(V-ing)。

一、动词不定式做非谓语

动词不定式的基本形式是“to+V原”，有时可以不带to。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以担任主语、表语、宾语、状语和宾语补足语。

（一）动词不定式的基本特征与用法：动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。

一般式：to do

进行时：to be doing

完成时：to have done

被动式：to be done

1.作主语

例如：To learn English well is not easy.

或It is not easy to learn English well.

动词不定式作主语时，往往用it作形式主语，这种句型可归纳为下面的句型：

It is + adj.+ (for sb.) to do sth. ( for sb. 是不定式动作的执行者）

2.作表语

My wish is to become a teacher.

3.作宾语

Most of us like to watch football matches.

常跟不定式作宾语的动词（按照固定短语来记）：

agree/forget/refuse/attempt/hope/fail/ask/hesitate/seem/promise/arrange/happen/seek/care/afford/guarantee/

resolve/bother/learn/tend/claim/neglect/claim/undertake/determine/pretend/choose/manage/try/endeavor/dema nd/prepare/wish/long/decide/plan/want/threaten/consent/ offer/volunteer/intend/proceed ...+ to do...

动词不定式做真正宾语，it 作形式宾语：

find/believe/think/consider等+ it + adj.(宾补）+ to do sth.

E.g. I believed it wrong to tell the matter.

4.作宾语补足语

He told me to be here on time.

常跟不定式做宾补的动词或短语：

1)tell/ask/advise/encourage/command/instruct/force/allow/compel/prefer/urge/permit/beg/forbid/tempt/order/

teach/expect/like/oblige/request/require/wish/invite/remind/want/persuade + sb/sth. (not) to do...

E.g. The laws requires all cars to be regularly tested for safety.

The teacher asked us not to make so much noise.

2)vote for/call on/count on/rely on/ depend on/long for/ wait for+ sb./sth to do...

E.g. I can always count on him to help me in any emergency.

We are longing for the holiday to come.

3)think/consider/believe/find/feel/know/declare/prove/suppose/imagine+ n. (+to be) +adj.

E.g. Scientist think laser (to be) one of the most useful tools.

We sometimes imagine a desert (to be) a sort of paradise.

4) 常跟不带“to”的不定式做宾补的动词：

feel/hear/see/watch/observe/listen to/look at/notice /let/make/have+sb./sth. do... 被动

sb./sth. be felt/heard/watched/observed/ noticed/made to do... (主动不“to”被动“to”）

E.g. I started to listen to other students discuss social problems.

I have heard both teachers and students speak well of him

My professor made me rewrite my paper many times. I was made to rewrite my paper many times.

They saw her go to work. She was seen to go to work.

5. 不定式作后置定语( 不定式做定语与所修饰的中心词之间通常变现为主动（谓）关系，动宾（被动）关系，同位关系或动状关系）

I have nothing to say about that thing. （动宾关系）

If the building to be completed by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined.（动宾关系）Now the need to learn other peoples‟ language is becoming greater. （同位关系）

He gave me a week to make up my mind. (动状关系）

6. 作状语：（目的状语，原因状语，结果状语）

1）be+n./adj.(ashamed/astonished/surprised/glad/happy/amazed/sad/relieved/overjoyed) to do sth. (不定式做原因状语)

E.g. I am sorry to hear that.

He was ashamed to have failed in the exam.

He was an idiot not to have realized it.

2) (not)to do/ in order (not) to do/so as (not)to do... (不定式做目的状语）

E.g. Mr. Smith advised up to quit so as not to get involved. (so as to 只能放在句尾）

To/In order to obtain some of these animals we observed their movements.（to/in order to 可放句首也可放句尾）

I got up early so as to/in order to be in time for the first train.

3）too +adj./adv.+to do... “太。。。而不能。。。”

all/only too +adj/adv. +to do...(too+adj./adv.+not to do...) “非常。。。”

adj./adv. +enough to do... “足以。。。”

only to do... (通常表示令人失望的，不愉快的结果）不定式引导结果状语从句

so +adj./adv+as to do “如此。。。以至于。。。”

such +n.+as to do...“如此。。。以至于。。。”

E.g. He missed his parents too much to enjoy his new life in college.

I‟m only too pleased to accept your kind invitation. (我非常乐意接受你的盛情邀请）

We are all too willing to help you. (我们很愿意帮助你）

The new house is big enough to hold 2000 people

He ran all the way up to the station only to find that the train had left.

He spoke so quickly as to make us not understand what she expressed.

He can‟t have done such a terrible thing as to keep you waiting for so long.

7. 疑问代（副）词who, what, which when, where, how, why + to do sth. 在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。

E.g. He doesn‟t know how to use the machine.（不定式作宾语）

How to use the machine is a question. （不定式作主语）

The question is when to go there.（不定式作表语）

8. be +adj. for sb to do sth.(for 表示不定式动作的执行者）

be +adj. of sb. to do sth. (这里的adj.通常表示人物的性格，品质）

（二）重难点：

1.省略“to”的不定式：

1)主动不“to”被动“to”

feel/hear/see/watch/observe/listen to/look at/notice /let/make/have+sb./sth. do... 被动