备战2020高考英语一轮复习专题讲解(句法部分)定语从句

定语从句

Ⅰ. 定语从句的特点

定语从句修饰前面的名词或代词，它由“关系代词或副词＋从句”构成，它所修饰的名词或代词称作先行词。定语从句通常置于先行词之后。例如：

My brother works in the factory which is not far from your house.

注意：关系代词或副词在定语从句中，一定充当一个成分。

Ⅱ. 用于限定性定语从句的关系代词

who, whom, which, that, whose等关系代词在定语从句中所指对象是人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语、介词宾语或定语。它们的形式变化如下：

Ⅲ. who, whom, that代表人

A.who, that作主格，不能省略。例如：

The man who/that spoke at the meeting this morning is a famous lawyer.

作主格时，who较that更常用。

B.who, whom, that,作动词的宾语。口语中常用who或that代替whom。经常可以省略。例如：

The girl who(m)/that you saw just now is Jane.

The girl you saw just now is Jane.

C.当先行词是all, nobody, no one, somebody, someone, anybody等词或者名词有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，

指人时who和that都可以用。例如：

All who/that heard the news were excited.

D.介词+ whom引导定语从句时，whom不能由who或that代替,也不能省略。例如：

I don’t know the person to whom you talked.

但在口语中，通常把介词放在从句后面。此时，可以用who或that代替whom; 经常省略关系代词。例如：

I don’t know the man (who/that) you talked to.

The hero (who/that) you often hear of will come to our school tomorrow.

Ⅳ. which, that代表事物

A.which, that作主格。不能省略。例如：

This is the book which/that was written in easy English by our English teacher.

B.which/that作动词的宾语可以省略。例如：

The picture (which/that) he drew in the 1980s are on show.

C.介词＋which ＋从句

1) 此结构中，which不能用that代替，也不能省略。但是口语中，当介词放在从句后

面时，可that代替which，也可省略。如：

The chair on which she is sitting is made of plastics.

The chair (which/that) she is sitting on is made of plastics.

2) 可用when代替表示时间的at/in which:

I’ll always remember the day on which/when I visited Professor Wang.

3) 可用where代替表示地点的at/in which:

I haven’t ever been to the house in which/where my uncle lives.

4) 可用why表示原因的for which:

The reason for which/why he refused to go the party was that they had not

invited him to.

D.当先行词是all, much, little, everything, none或是由no构成的词组时，通常用that,很少用which。例如：

All the oranges that she brought me were eaten by my little brother.

Ⅴ. whose用作所有格

A.whose指人，表示所修饰的“某（些）人的”：

I don’t wan t to hire the boy whose father is now in prison.

Once there was a wise king whose name was Alfred.

B.whose也指事物，表示所修饰的“某物的”：

Look at the house whose roof is red.

用于这中场合的“whose＋从句”结构常可以用“…of which + 从句”或“of which…＋从句”或“with ＋短语”

代替。例如：

Look at the house, the roof of which is red.

Look at the house, of which the roof is red.

Look at the house with a red roof.

Ⅵ. 通常只用who代表人的场合

1)当先行词是one, ones, anyone,或those等：

Anyone who does that must be mad.