2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习专题三阅读理解第一节六大解题技巧

2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习专题三阅读理解第一节六大解题技巧一、关键信息定位法
(xx·天津，A片段)
Writing the wrong name
The sooner you notice，the better.Respond quickly and briefly，apologising for your mistake.Keep the tone measured：don’t handle it too lightly，as people can be offended，especially if your error suggests a misunderstanding of their culture (i.e.incorrect ordering of Chinese names)．
37．If you have written the wrong name in an email，it is best to . A．apologise in a serious manner
B．tell the receiver to ignore the error
C．learn to write the name correctly
D．send a short notice to everyone
答案 A
解析细节理解题。

由题干中的“written the wrong name”可定位到“Writing the wrong name”下的“...apologising for your mistake.Keep the tone measured：don’t handle it too lightly...”。

由此可知，如果在电子邮件里写错了名字，以一种严肃的方式向对方道歉是最好的，故选A项。

(xx·全国Ⅰ，A片段)
Visit Pacific Science Center’s Store
Don’t forget to stop by Pacific Science Center’s Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit.The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome. 21．Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center?
A．In Building 1.
B．In Building 3.
C．At the Laser Dome.
D．At the Denny Way entrance.
答案 B
解析细节理解题。

首先根据题干中的“souvenir” 可将答案锁定在Visit Pacific Science Center’s Store这一部分；再根据本段中的“The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.”可知Pacific Science Center 的购物点在Laser Dome旁边的3号楼上，故选B。

二、关键词法
(xx·天津，D片段)
I read somewhere that we spend a full third of our lives waiting.But where are we doing all of this waiting，and what does it mean to an impatient society like ours？To understand the issue，let’s take a look at three types of “waits”．55．The author supports his view by .
A．exploring various causes of “waits”
B．describing detailed processes of “waits”
C．analyzing different categories of “waits”
D．revealing frustrating consequences of “waits”
答案 C
解析细节理解题。

根据第一段最后一句“To understand the issue，let’s take a look at three types of ‘waits’．”可知，作者是通过分析这三种类型的“等待”来帮助理解这个问题，故选C项。

(xx·全国Ⅰ，A片段)
Support Pacific Science Center
Since 1962，Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science，math and technology.Today，Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and munity events all over Washington State.
22．What does Pacific Science Center do for schools?
A．Train science teachers.
B．Distribute science books.
C．Inspire scientific research.
D．Take science to the classroom.
答案 D
解析细节理解题。

由标题及该段第二句“Today，Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and munity events all over Wash ington State.”可知此处的关键词应是“science”，太平洋科学中心把基于探究的科学教育带入课堂。

三、题段一致法
(xx·天津，A片段)
Clicking “reply all” unintentionally
You accidentally reveal(透露) to the entire pany what menu choices you would prefer at the staff Christmas dinner，or what holiday you’d like to take.In this instance，the best solution is to send a quick，light-hearted apology to explain your awkwardness.But it can quickly rise to something worse，when everyone starts hitting “reply all” to join in a long and unpleasant conversation.In this instance，step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to calm down.
38．What should you do when an unpleasant conversation is started by your “reply all” email?
A．Try offering other choices.
B．Avoid further involvement.
C．Meet other staff members.
D．Make a light-hearted apology.
答案 B
解析细节理解题。

由题干中的“reply all”可定位到“Clicking ‘reply all’ unintentionally”下的“In this instance，step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to calm down.”。

由此可知，此题应选B项“避免进一步的参与”。

(xx·全国Ⅰ，A片段)
It’s an amazing acplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support
from individuals，corporations，and other social organizations.Visit to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center. 23．What is the purpose of the last part of the text?
A．To encourage donations.
B．To advertise ing events.
C．To introduce special exhibits.
D．To tell about the Center’s history.
答案 A
解析推理判断题。

根据该部分中的“Visit to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.”可知作者呼吁读者支持Pacific Science Center，也就是鼓励人们为之提供捐助。

故选A。

四、释义法
(xx·天津，C片段)
The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley” of autonomous vehicles：the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.
46．What does the phrase “death valley” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．A place where cars often break down.
B．A case where passing a law is impossible.
C．An area where no driving is permitted.
D．A situation where drivers’ role is not clear.
答案 D
解析词义猜测题。

根据第二段中的“...the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.”可知，death valley指的就是半自主驾驶和完全无人驾驶汽车之间的灰色地带，即：对司机角色的定义不清楚。

故选D项。

(xx·全国Ⅰ，D片段)
To construct a working still，use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep.Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water
catcher’s productivity.Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole.Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up—and out—the side of the hole.
33．What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The tube. B．The still.
C．The hole. D．The cup.
答案 B
解析词义猜测题。

根据本段描述可知，制作一个蒸馏器装置，需要挖一个四英尺宽、三英尺深的洞，要尽量在潮湿的地方挖洞来提高the water catcher的生产力，结合全文可知，提高的应该是整个蒸馏器装置的生产力，故选B项。

五、扫读法
(xx·全国Ⅰ，B片段)
The homeowner was very helpful.A wire basket was found.I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and fortable.I placed the chick in the nest，and it quickly calmed down.
26．What made the chick calm down?
A．A new nest. B．Some food.
C．A recording. D．Its parents.
答案 A
解析细节理解题。

扫读全文，可确定该段中的“I placed the chick in the nest，and it quickly calmed down.”为解题的关键信息。

由此可知，作者为猫头鹰幼雏做的新鸟巢让它很快就安静下来。

故选A。

(xx·四川，D)
A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night’s sleep.But now a study has found it really does help people nod off—if it is milked from a cow at night.
Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素)，which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.
The study，by researchers from Seoul，South Korea，involved mice being fed with
dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.
Those given night milk，which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin，were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime，according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.
Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.
While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now，taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.
Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content，which helps people to relax.
Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists remending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening.The more fat you take in before bedtime，the greater burden you will put on your body at night. 34．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Night Milk and Sleep
B．Fat，Sugar and Health
C．An Experiment on Mice
D．Milk Drinking and Health
答案 A
解析标题归纳题。

文章主要说明了喝夜间挤的牛奶与睡眠之间的关系。

所以选项A 是文章的最佳标题。

35．How does the author support the theme of the text?
A．By giving examples.
B．By stating arguments.
C．By explaining statistical data.
D．By providing research results.
答案 D
解析推理判断题。

详读全文，可以看出作者是通过提供研究成果来支持文章主题的，故选D项。

六、位置特征法
(xx·天津，D片段)
We certainly do spend a good deal of our time waiting.The next time you’re standing at the sink waiting for it to fill while cooking noodle soup that you’ll have to eat until a large bag of cash falls out of the sky，don’t be desperate.You’re
probably just as busy as the next guy.
54．What does the author advise us to do the next time we are waiting?
A．Take it seriously.
B．Don’t rely on others.
C．Do something else.
D．Don’t lose heart.
答案 D
解析细节理解题。

根据最后一段第二句“The next time...don’t be desperate.”可知，下次等待的时候，不要绝望，即不要丧失信心(Don’t lose heart.)，故选D项。

(xx·全国Ⅰ，D片段)
Next，cover the hole with the plastic sheet，securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock.The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides.The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over，and no more than three inches above，the cup.
34．What is the last step of constructing a working solar still?
A．Dig a hole of a certain size.
B．Put the cup in place.
C．Weight the sheet’s center down.
D．Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.
答案 C
解析细节理解题。

根据该段中的“Next，cover the hole with the plastic sheet，securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock.”可知最后一步是weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock(用一块石头把塑料板的中心位置压下去)，故选C。

2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习专题三阅读理解第三节题组训练10说理议
论+社会文化+应用广告+逸闻趣事
(xx·红桥区二模)
In modern society there is a great deal of argument about petition.Some value it highly，believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity(繁荣)．Others say that petition is bad，that it sets one person against another，and that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.
I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills.For them，playing well and winning are often live-and-death affairs.In their single-minded pursuit of success，the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.
However，while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed，others take an opposite attitude.In a culture which only values the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players，they strongly criticize petition.Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under petitive pressures from their parents or society.Teaching these young people，I often observe in them a desire to fail.They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success.By not trying，they always have an excuse：“I may have lost，but it doesn’t matter because I really didn’t try.” What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost，that would mean a lot.Such a loss would be a measure of their worth.Clearly，this belief is the same as that of true petitors who try to prove themselves.Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self-respect relies on how well one performs in parison with others.Both are afraid of not being valued.Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to disappear can we discover a new meaning in petition.
1．What does this passage mainly talk about?
A．petition helps to set up self-respect.
B．Opinions about petition are different among people.
C．petition is harmful to personal quality development.
D．Failures are necessary experience in petition.
答案 B
解析主旨大意题。

本文主要介绍了人们对于竞争所持的不同态度。

2．Why do some people favor petition according to the passage?
A．It pushes society forward.
B．It builds up a sense of duty.
C．It improves personal abilities.
D．It encourages individual efforts.
答案 A
解析细节理解题。

由首段第二句可知答案。

3．The underlined phrase “the most vocal” in Paragraph 3 means “”．A．those who try their best to win
B．those who value petition most highly
C．those who are against petition most strongly
D．those who rely on others most for success
答案 C
解析词义猜测题。

由第三段中“others take an opposite attitude”及“they strongly criticize petition”可知，画线短语指“强烈反对竞争的人”。

4．What is the similar belief of the true petitors and those with a “desire to fail”？A．One’s worth lies in his performance pared with others.
B．One’s success in petition needs great efforts.
C．One’s achievement is determined by his particul ar skills.
D．One’s success is based on how hard he has tried.
答案 A
解析细节理解题。

由文章尾段倒数第三句“Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self-respect relies on how well one performs in parison with others.”可知答案。

5．Which point of view may the author agree to?
A．Every effort should be paid back.
B．petition should be encouraged.
C．Winning should be a life-and-death matter.
D．Fear of failure should be removed in petition.
答案 D
解析推理判断题。

尾段最后一句表明了作者的观点：只有当这种基本的、害怕失败的态度
消失时，我们才能找到竞争的真正含义。

即作者认为在竞争中，不要总担心失败。

B
(xx·河北区一模)
Going shopping seems easy，but actually it takes a lot of learning，especially in America.In fact，many Americans who are not so well-off often shop at “sales” or at special stores that sell things at low prices，which you may find interesting.In America，the important rule of dressing is that one should change his or her clothes every day.For example，in an American college，neither professors nor students are seen in the same clothes two days in a row.So you may find it necessary to buy more clothes than you have in China.While you are shopping in the States，you will discover that prices range considerably from time to time.The purchase of used，second-hand clothing，furniture，or other household articles may be an excellent way of saving money.Most second-hand clothes are of pretty good quality.If you are going to settle down in the States and want some furniture，you may go to a “loan closet”，where furniture rents at low cost，or you may also go to a “furniture exchange” place in the munity.
Sheets，blankets，and other bedclothes go on sale in most munities twice a year.Advertisements for “white sales” on bed linen，towels，etc.often appear in January，as well as in May，June or July.Once or twice every season，there will be “garage sales”，where you can get almost anything，from a yacht to a pair of shoes，at low prices.Prices at “discount stores” and “thrift shops” are also as low as you can imagine.
When shopping for food，you should look for special prices for various items that are put on sale weekly.To economize，it would be a good idea for you to plan the weekly menu according to what is on sale，including in it the meats，vegetables，fruits，etc.that can be bought at special prices that week.
Exchange and return policies vary from store to store.You should also keep in mind that exchange and return policies for sales items can be different from standard store policies，especially if the price of the items has been reduced.Ask the merchant about their exchange and return policies before making your purchase.Obtaining an exchange or a return without a store receipt is often difficult.So，to save yourself the headache，you’d better hold on to any paper or other proof of purchase.
6．People shopping in America will discover .
A．American goods are excellent
B．most clothes e from China
C．prices vary much sometimes
D．used clothes are of poor quality
答案 C
解析细节理解题。

根据第一段第六句“While you are shopping in the States，you will discover that prices range considerably from time to time.”可知，当人们在美国购物时，会发现价格有时会变化很大。

故选C。

7．A person who needs furniture can .
A．exchange their goods for furniture
B．settle in a place that has furniture
C．get some free of charge
D．rent some at low cost
答案 D
解析细节理解题。

根据第一段最后一句中的“If you are going to settle down in the States and want some furniture，you may go to a ‘loan closet’，where furniture rents at low cost...”可知，如果你需要家具，可以去“loan closet”，在那里你可以低价租到家具。

故选D。

8．At a “white sales”，one can buy .
A．almost anything
B．meats，vegetables，fruits
C．bed linen，towels
D．shoes at low prices
答案 C
解析细节理解题。

根据第二段第二句“Advertisements for ‘white sales’ on bed linen，towels，etc.often appear in January，as well as in May，June or July.”可知，“white sales”(大减价)常常出现在一月、五月、六月或七月，卖床单，毛巾等。

故选C。

9．Garage sales are held .
A．once or twice every three months
B．once or twice every year
C．from time to time
D．in January，May，June or July
答案 A
解析细节理解题。

根据第二段第三句中的“Once or twice every season，there will be ‘garage sales’”可知，“garage sales”每个季度(即每三个月)一到两场。

故选A。

10．What does the underlined part “any paper or other proof” in the last paragraph refer to?
A．The exchange and return policy.
B．A sales item.
C．A store receipt.
D．The standard store policy.
答案 C
解析词义猜测题。

根据上文语境“Obtaining an exchange or a return without a store receipt is often difficult.”可知此处强调保留receipt(收据)的重要性，它们是你购物的证据，故“any paper or other proof”指“receipt”(收据)。

故选C。

C
(xx·天津十二区县二模)
Hidden London：the City’s Lesser Known Delights •Dulwich Picture Gallery
As much an excuse to enjoy the village charms of Dulwich Village as to admire some delicate European masterworks，this gallery is a southeast London charmer，which was founded in 1811.Join a free guided tour to the permanent collection (3 pm Saturday and Sunday)，catch the latest temporary exhibition and admire the lovely garden (open 1：30 pm to 3：30 pm Tuesdays)．
Where：Gallery RD SE21 7AD
Train：West Dulwich
•Temple Church
Featuring in the novel The Da Vinci Code and dating back to the late 12th century，this is one of London’s oldest and holiest medieval(中世纪的) treasures.Built by the Knights Templar，the church is divided into the Round—which contains the statues of crusading knights，who tried to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims in the Middle Ages—and the Chancel，where the priests(牧师) and singers performing in church services sit.
Where：Temple EC4Y 7DE
Underground：Temple or Blackfriars
•Chelsea Physic Garden
Endlessly satisfying the green-fingered，the plain curious or those eager to discover botanical interests in central London，this delightful walled garden was founded by the Apothecaries’ Society in the 17th century and is one of the oldest botanical gardens in London.
Where：66 Royal Hospital Rd SW3 4HS
Underground：Sloane Square
•Estorick Collection of Modern Italian Art
Built between 1953 and 1958，the Estorick is Britain’s only gallery devoted to Italian art.It draws together a fascinating collection of Futurist masterpieces from Umberto Boccioni，Giao Balla，Carlo Carra and others，who emphasized the importance of modern things，especially technology and machines.
Where：39a Canonbury Sq N1 2AN
Underground：Highbury & Islington
11．When can you follow a free guide to visit Dulwich Picture Gallery?
A．3 pm on Sunday.
B．3：30 pm on Tuesday.
C．1：30 pm on Tuesday.
D．1：30 pm on Saturday.
答案 A
解析细节理解题。

根据第一段中的“Join a free guided tour to the p ermanent collection (3 pm Saturday and Sunday)．..”可知，星期日下午3点能跟随免费导游参观达利奇画廊，故选A。

12．Which of the following has the longest history?
A．Dulwich Picture Gallery.
B．Temple Church.
C．Estorick Collection of Modern Italian Art.
D．Chelsea Physic Garden.
答案 B
解析细节理解题。

根据Temple Church中的“...dating back to the late 12th century，this is one of London’s oldest and holiest medieval(中世纪的) treasures.”可知，圣殿教堂的历史最长，故选B。

13．Where should you go if you have an interest in plants?
A．Gallery Rd SE21 7AD
B．Temple EC4Y 7DE
C．66 Royal Hospital Rd SW3 4HS
D．39a Canonbury Sq N1 2AN
答案 C
解析细节理解题。

根据Chelsea Physic Garden中的“...is one of the oldest botanical gardens in London.Where：66 Royal Hospital Rd SW3 4HS”可知，如果你对植物感兴趣，你应该去66 Royal Hospital Rd SW3 4HS，故选C。

14．If you want to enjoy Italian art，you may get off at .
A．West Dulwich B．Temple or Blackfriars
C．Sloane Square D．Highbury & Islington
答案 D
解析细节理解题。

根据Estorick Collection of Modern Italian Art中的“...is Britain’s only gallery devoted to Italian art.”及“Underground：Highbury & I slington”可知，选D。

15．In which part of a newspaper can you read this text?
A．Travel. B．Society.
C．Nature. D．Lifestyle.
答案 A
解析文章出处题。

作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了四个隐藏在伦敦的鲜为人知的景点，因此你最可能在报纸的旅游栏目里读到，故选A。

D
(xx·南开区三模)
My daughter Kelly is a cautious person.She needs to warm up to situations，and is hesitant to try new things.When with close friends，she bees a leader who laughs loudly and chants，“Girls rule，boys drool.” But when that fort zone is not around her，she is shy and nervous.
This has been challenging for me at time s.“Shy” is not a word that I think has ever been used to describe me.But this has been a year of firsts for my girl that has filled her with a new sense of confidence.This year she moved to lap lane in swimming where she was preparing for a swim team.This year she learned to ride a bike without training wheels.And this year she pleted her first kids’ triathlon(三项全能)．
On Saturday，with a thunderstorm ing soon and my son’s birthday party later in
the day，we all went out in the dark of the morning for Kelly to participate in her first triathlon.We practiced transitions from swim to bike to run with her，we got all the equipment she’d need，and we kept talking about the race.But as we waited the two hours for the older kids to finish before her turn，she held my leg a little harder and told me she loved me a few too many times.She was nervous but trying to keep it together.
And then it was her turn.From the second she jumped into the water，my heart soared.My daughter transformed into the most confident human being I had ever seen.She dominated that swim，crushed that bike ride and ran to the finish with the biggest smile on her face.
I can honestly say that I never felt so proud of someone in my entire life.It wasn’t because she did a sport or anything like that.It was because she was afraid of something and conquered that fear with confidence and a fire I hadn’t seen before.
All day I would find myself just looking over at her and smiling.She might be wearing the finalist medal but I felt like I won that day.I won the chance to see my girl shine.
Shine on，sweet baby.
16．Kelly is nervous when .
A．boys are around her
B．she changes into a leader
C．she is away from her mom
D．situations are new to her
答案 D
解析细节理解题。

根据第一段中的“But when that fort zone is not around her，she is shy and nervous.”可知，Kelly是一个慢热型的人，如果进入新的环境，她会感到紧张。

故选D。

17．We can know from Paragraph 3 .
A．the race began in the early morning
B．the whole family gave Kelly support
C．Kelly was eager for her turn in the race
D．Kelly prepared for her brother’s birthday party
答案 B
解析细节理解题。

根据第三段中的“We practiced transitions from swim to bike to run with her，we got all the equipment she’d need，and we kept talking about the race.”可知，全家人都支持Kelly。

故选B。

18．Seeing Kelly’s performance in the race，the author felt .
A．excited and proud B．anxious and uneasy
C．worried and hesitant D．curious and concerned
答案 A
解析推理判断题。

根据第四段的内容，尤其是“she jumped into the water，my heart soared”，和第五段第一句“...I never felt so proud of someone in my entire life.”可推断作者当时的心情是又激动又自豪的。

故选A。

19．In Paragraph 5，the underlined word “conquered” probably means “”．A．to defeat someone especially in a petition
B．to succeed in dealing with or control something
C．to bee very popular or successful in a place
D．to take control of a country or a city and its people by force
答案 B
解析词义猜测题。

根据上文Kelly在游泳时自信的表现可知，此处是指Kelly战胜了恐惧。

故选B。

20．In the last but one paragraph the author “felt like I won that day” because Kelly .
A．overcame the fear B．expressed love to her
C．won the gold medal D．took part in the sport
答案 A
解析细节理解题。

根据上文可知，作者之所以“感到像是自己赢了一样”是因为女儿已经克服了恐惧。

故选A。