GMAT作文：逻辑问题分析论证句式
高考英语写作-逻辑问题分析论证句式
英语写作-逻辑问题分析论证句式The mere fact that ticket sales in recent years for screenplay-based movies have exceeded those for book-based movies is insufficient evidence to conclude that writing screenplays now provides greater financial opportunity for writers.It is possible that fees paid by movie studios for screenplays will decrease in the future relative to those for book rights.The argument fails to rule out the possibility that a writer engage in both types of writing as well as other types.In any event, the advertisement provides no justification for the mutually exclusive choice that it imposes on the writer.The argument simply equates success with movie ticket sales, which is unwarranted.The author assumes that physical capabilities are the only attributes necessary to operate a motor vehicle.Moreover, the author provides no evidence that the realism of color photography is the reason for its predominance.This assumption presents a false dilemma, since the two media are not necessarily mutually exclusive alternatives.Common sense tells us that a photographer can succeed by working in both media.The argument ignores the factors - such as initiative, creativity, technical skills, and business judgment - that may be more important than the choice of medium in determining success in photography.The major problem with the argument is that the stated similarities between Company A and B are insufficient to support the conclusion that Company A will suffer a fate similar to Company B’s.Consequently, the mere fact that Company A holds a large share of the video - game hardware and software market does not support the claim that Company A will also fail.Thus, the author unfairly assumes that highly - rated public television programs are necessarily widely viewed, or popular.While this may be true in some cases, it is equally possible that only companies with products that are already best - sellers can afford the higher ad rates that popular shows demand.Admittedly, the vice president’s reasoning linking employee benefits with company profits seems reasonable on the surface.One can infer from the survey’s results that a full one - third of the respondents may have viewed the current benefits package unfavorably.Lacking more specific information about how these other employees responded, it is impossible to assess the reliability of the survey’s results or to make an informed recommendation.It is unlikely that the brief one - week periods under comparison are representative of longer time periods.If so, even though 3 percent more accidents occurred after the change, the author’s argument that changing the speed limit increases danger for drivers would be seriously weakened.The editorial fails to take into account possible differences between East and West Cambria that are relevant to how drivers react to speed - limit changes.In addition, while it is true that many voters change their minds several times before voting, and that some remain undecided until entering the voting booth, this is not true of everyone.Without knowing the extent and nature of the damage resulting from the bad publicity or the reason for the violation, we cannot accept the author’s conclusion.The author’s proposal is inconsistent with the author’s conclusion about the consequences of adopting an ethics code.To begin with, the author fails to consider health threats posed by incinerating trash.The author’s conclusion that switching to incineration would be more salutary for public health would be seriously undermined.However, this is not necessarily the case.The author’s implicit claim that incinerators are economically advantageous to landfills is poorly supported.Consequently, unless the author can demonstrate that the city will incur expenses that are not covered by the increased revenues from these projects, the author’s concern about these issues is unfounded.First of all, while asserting that real incomes are rising, the author provides no evidence to support this assertion.But no evidence is provided to show that this explanation is correct.Moreover, the author fails to consider and rule out other factors that might account for proportional decreases in spending on food.The author ignores other likely benefits of agricultural technology that affect food pieces only indirectly or not at all.In the first place, a great deal of empirical evidence shows that sequels are often not as profitable as the original movie.However, unless the original cast and production team are involved in making the sequel, there is a good chance it will not be financially successful.Since the difficulties inherent in this process make it hard to predict whether the result will be a success or a failure, the conclusion that the sequel will be profitable is presumptuous(武断的) This assumption overlooks other criteria for determining a bridge’s importance - such as the number of commuters using the bridge, the roleof the bridge in local emergencies and disasters, and the impact that bridge closure would have on the economies of nearby cities.Without such evidence, we cannot accept the author’s conclusion that no government funds should be directed toward maintaining the Styx River bridge.The fact that the nearby city has a weakening economy does not prove that the city will not contribute significantly to tax revenues.Substantiating this assumption requires examining the proper duty of government.Accordingly, this assumption is simply an unproven claim.The author is presenting a false dilemma by imposing an either - or choice between two courses of action that need not be mutually exclusive.It is equally possible that legislators can address both areas of concern concurrently.The argument relies on the assumption that the legislators in question(所讨论的)have the opportunity to address urban crime problems.Finally, the author unfairly trivializes the severity of rural crime by simply comparing it with urban crime.It is possible that the sales trend in a particular location is not representative of sales in other regions.However, the author fails to acknowledge and rule out other possible causes of such accidents.A third problem with the argument is that the statistical evidence upon which it relies is too vague to be informative.If the subjects for the study were randomly chosen and represent a diverse cross section of the population of shampoo users, the results will be reliable regardless of the number of participants.Experience alone is far from being enough to guarantee minimized processing costs.Given that Olympic Foods does benefit from lowered processing costs due to its years of experience, the prediction about maximum profits is still in lake of solid ground.。
GMAT逻辑问法总结
推荐：逻辑问法总结-------------------------------------The most important key to Critical reasoning is whether you can reach the point for what the questions ask. I itemize all the questions as follows.△加强题:1.Which one of the following statements, if added as a premise to the argument, would make the conclusion valid / strengthen the argument?2.Which one of the following, if true, would make the conclusion in the passage a logical conclusion?3.Which one of the following is an additional piece of information that would support the conclusion?4.A would be most likely to contribute to an explanation of fact 1 if which of the following were also true?5.Which of the following, if true, could proponents of the plan above most appropriately cite as a piece of evidence for the soundness of their plan? According to this question, you should focus on the effective of plan and then find out which of the following would strengthen the effect.6.Someone’s argument as it is presented in the passageabove would be most strengthened if which of the following were true? 定位+加强7.△削弱题1.Which one of the following statements, if true, most clearly undermines / seriously weaken the conclusion / argument?2.Which one of the following assertions, if true, provides the most effective challenge to the author's conclusion?3.Which of the following, if true, would cast the most serious doubt on the accur acy of the group’s contention. 定位+削弱4.Which of the following, assuming that it is a realistic possibility (=if true), argues most strongly against the suggestion above.5.Which of the following statements about something, if true, would strongly suggest that the suggestion or the plan is flawed? Suggesting something is wrong is meaning weakening.6.Which of the following statements, if true, is the best basis for a criticism of historical costing as an economically sound pricing method for military contracts? 可以理解为对the sou ndness of “historical costing”的削弱，也可以理解为对 acriticism of historical costing的加强。
应用GMAT逻辑挖掘雅思写作论点和论据
应用GMAT的逻辑思维深入挖掘雅思写作的论点和论据（一）（注：此篇论文适合所有备考雅思写作但对GMAT考试一无所知的考生。
如果你碰巧了解GMAT逻辑题型，那么你会对我说的内容有似曾相识的感觉。
）1.Myth“坊间传闻：雅思写作逻辑只要把观点说明白了，逻辑捋清了，内容这部分的分数就足够了。
至于什么内容是否深奥，有没有深度的思维，根本不重要。
雅思是一门考察语言能力的测试，内容深度根本不属于考察对象，如果剑桥那帮出题官们还想着法儿的恶心考生，测试他们的思维能力，深度，甚至智商的话，那么，我觉得英国人上大学也得考雅思；虽然他们英语是母语，但是毕竟大多数外国人的智商感人。
”严格意义来说，以上这段话的前半句话才是坊间传闻，后半句话是无知的我在10年前刚入行时，在听说到了并且盲目的接受了前半句话之后，运用了逻辑的推导所得出的之所以说前半句话的原因。
至于前半句话是谁讲的，我是真的无从考证。
当时的出国语培行业还是在博客，论坛上挣扎着寻找着一点点存在感。
当带我入行的人这么说，论坛里的老师们这么说，我也就这么接受了。
当年出国年龄太小，哪需要这些考试啊！回国后才发现，原来去国外本科和研究生需要这么个语言成绩。
当时真的是菜鸟，自然要听用现在的语言叫做“大咖们“，“名师们”的话了。
但是，我这个人最大的特点就是：我对知其然是一点兴趣没有，我更感兴趣的是知其所以然。
所以，我一定要找个理由说服自己：这个考试肯定是这样子。
于是，就根据我的逻辑推出了后半句话。
讲到这，您可能会想：难道这句话不对吗？没错，就算在10年后的今天，雅思培训行业已经在全国范围内的市场份额占据到了百亿左右规模的时候，百家争鸣，各个学说门派纷纷抢霸山头，拿出刺刀非要拼的你死我活的时候，大部分人对这件事情的看法还是出奇的一致。
而我却想说…哎，怎么说呢？这个问题还真的没法黑白分明的，简简单单的用Yes或者No来回答。
不着急，且听我慢慢道来。
在验证坊间传闻到底是非真假的时候，可能你已经坐不住了：王老师，你到底要说什么？你不是要说用GMAT逻辑解释雅思内容吗？说到现在为止这都是废话，到底跟这篇文章核心内容有什么关系？我想跟大家说的是:太有关系了.我先说一下我的目的，或者是你的收获：就是在你现有的常识和逻辑层面基础上，做出对这句话，更重要的是，听清楚，任一一句话，一条传闻，一则类似谣言，的最为可靠的判断！换句话说，如果判断错了，一定是有什么信息是超出你的知识层面。
GMAT逻辑如何利用argument解题
GMAT逻辑argument部分既然如此重要，我们该如何利用argument解题呢?今天小编就为大家简单讲解一下利用argument解答逻辑题的方法。
一、GMAT逻辑argument介绍1、argument的传统结构一般传统的argument结构是，premise-premise-conclusion,或者premise-premise-premise-conclusion。
这类结构比较容易认识，一般最后一句话就是结论，或者由于一些像hence, therefore等单词引导。
2、argument的特殊结构1)结论在首句：这类题目一般有3个完整句子组成，有时候还有四个句子组成。
特点是结论在首句，不容易辨别，如果结论辨别错了，会影响对于整个argument的理解。
2)句子只有两句，但是第一句句子往往非常长和难懂。
这类结构看懂复杂的那句是关键，不是让你推断两句句子的关系就是问你他们中缺的东西。
二、GMAT逻辑按argument的题型分类1、第一类家族。
第一个家族中的must be、main point、point at issue、method of reasoning、flaw in reasoning、parallel reasoning和第四家族的cannot be true是需要看全部的argument。
2、第二类家族。
第二个家族是assumption/weaken/strengthen/justify/resolve the paradox。
这类家族我觉得还是很有难度的。
三、GMAT逻辑如何利用argument解题1、正确答案的特征。
1)重新改写的答案(Paraphrased Answers)：Paraphrased Answers are answers that restate a portion of the stimulus in different terms. Because the language is not exactly the same as in the stimulus, Paraphrased Answers can be easy to miss. Paraphrased Answers are designed to test your ability to discern the author’s exact meaning. Sometimes the answer can appear to be almost too obvious since it is drawn directly from the stimulus.2)组合的答案： Answers that are the sum of two or more stimulus statements (Combination Answers) Any answer choice that would result from combining two or more statements in the stimulus will be correct. The correct answer to the flavonoid question earlier in this chapter is an excellent example of this idea in action.2、错误答案的特征。
GMAT满分作文模板句型汇总
xx年GMAT总分值作文模板句型汇总1. This remendation is based on the result of survey that-------2.In this argument the arguer remends that------3. In addition , the arguer assumes that ---------4. A careful examation would reveal how groundless the conclusion is-----B 5.in this analysis, the arguer claims that -----6. to substantiate it the conclusion the arguer provides the evidence that-----7. besides the arguer asserts that--------8. this argument is unconvincing for several critical flaw----9. the arguer predicts that-------10. this prediction relies on the observation that---------11. At the same time, the arguer reasons that----------12. This argument is problematic for several reasons-------13. The conclusion in this argument is that in support of this conclusion the arguerSupplies the evidence that-------further more, the arguer infers that------14. While this argument has some merit(s),there are several logic flaws that deserve our attention15. The validity(credibility) of the survey is doubtful(questionable)16. The arguer fail to convince us that17. Granted that-----------姑且成认--18. We can’t ensure that-----19. The arguer unfairly assumes that-----20 The arguer fails to take into aount other factors that might lead to(result in/contribute to/exxplain/aount for/be responsible for) -----21. The fact that indicates nothing about(does not imply that/does not ensure that)22. The statistical evidence cited in the argument is so vague that it does not validate the arguer’s assumption(that----)23. The survey on which the argument relies lacks credibility and therefore does not lend strong support to the conclusion24, The arguer mits a fallacy of ----------时序性逻辑错误承上启下：25. In the first place-----,in the second place---------,last but not least---------26. To begin with ---------,In addition -----,Furthermore, the arguer fails to take into aountanother(several other)factor(s) that might weaken the argument.每段开头：27. The major problem with this argument is that -------28. Another flaw worth discussing is that(the assumption that----)29. Finally it is necessary to point out -(several other minor flaws that might undermine the argument----) 证据可疑：questionable30. Another assumption short of legitimacy is that ----(unfounded/groundless/doubtful/unconvincing)31. The argument is based on the assumption that--------32. The reason that ----is open to doubt (persuasive)--should be deleted?33. The arguer mits a fallacy of the question in assaying(?) that--------34. In conclusion the arguer fails tovalidate/(establish) the claim----总之，作者未确立自己的观点----35. To solidify the argument, the arguer should provide more concrete information to demonstrate that-----------36. The arguer should rule out all the above mentioned possibilities that otherwise might undermine37. To sum up the conclusion lacks credibility because the evidence cited in the analysis does not lend strong support to the assumptions38. To make the argument more persuasive the arguer would have to provide more information concerning-------39. As it stands, the argument is not well reasoned and therefore----40. To make it logically aeptable, the arguer should demonstrate addiontionly the arguer must supply more specific evidence to validate the conclusion----41. In summary, the conclusion reached in this argument is invalid and misleading42. Before we can aept the conclusion the arguer must persent more substantial facts to prove that ---------43. Moreover I would suspend my judgement about the credibility of the conclusion until the arguer can present more factual evidence to rule out the possibility that I/is listed in my above analysis44. One reason why I agree/disagree with the title statement, is that--------45. Another reason that prompts me to support/oppose the title statement is that---46. The most important reason in favor of my position is that---------47. There is no denying that--------48.Although I agree that---------,I insist that-49. Many people sincerely believe that---------很多人可能真心相信---50. However, one does not have to go very fear to see that-------51. Another assumption in favor of---------is that-----------,but what they fail to understand is that-----------。
GMAT逻辑几类题型的解题技巧
这种GMAT逻辑题型解题方法在很多时候适用于考试时间紧张的情况，可以帮助大家简化解题思路，三步解题。
下面一起来看一下吧。
一、GMAT逻辑解题第一步：按问题区分题型1、WEAKEN：削弱题。
削弱原文结论，或者支持相反结论。
2、SUPPORT：支持。
支持原文结论，或者削弱相反结论。
3、ASSUMPTION(PREMISE)：假设(前提)，原文推理中必要的假设、前提或者事实。
CONCLUSION(INFER)：结论(推论)，可由原文推出的结论，包括主结论和副结论。
4、EVALUATION：评价。
找出影响推理的因素。
5、CONCLUSION(INFER)：结论(推论)。
正确描述推理过程和各部分的关系，总结最终结论。
6、FLAW：缺陷。
找出原文或者某一方存在的缺陷。
7、PARADOX(EXPLANATION)：矛盾(解释)。
解释推理得出的矛盾或者异常。
二、GMAT逻辑解题第二步：分析原文1、原文有结论。
分清前提，反前提，附加前提，中间结论和总结论，特别是推出结论的直接前提。
在脑中形成因为(直接前提)所以(结论)推理结构。
注意结论的特殊性和具体性。
2、原文没结论。
主要有CONCLUSION / PARADOX。
对第一类，有共同结合点的，将其结合起来，看能推出什么。
如果没有结合点，记住信息。
对于第二类，记住矛盾。
三、GMAT逻辑解题第三步：排除选项或找出答案1、预测答案。
如果有些问题类型和原文特点结合产生能预测答案的，则直奔答案。
2、用无关排除。
如果只能预测答案大体情况，则结合有关无关排除选项。
各类题有关无关概念不完全相同，但总体上是和谈论的话题有关就是有关。
3、用TEST检验。
用各分类的TEST去最后确认或从混淆的最后一两个答案中找出正确答案。
至此多数题能找到答案。
四、GMAT逻辑各类题型的解题过程演示1、WEAKEN：削弱1)看原文：找出结论和推出该结论的前提。
特别注意结论的特殊性和具体性。
2)找答案：用结论的具体性去区分有关无关，并结合TEST。
GMAT作文句式20句
GMAT作文经典句式20句1. The fact that…does not necessarily imply that…2. Factors such as…all have some bearing on…3. Economy, as we know, is influenced by the bination of a host of factors, local, national and international, political, social, and technological.4. But we are told nothing about the way the poll was conducted and how well it represented…5. But the problem is that the two situations are not similar enough to justify the analogical deduction.6. Aording to…, but there is no evide nce whatsoever to show…7. The argument provides no direct information as to the degree to which…8. There is no evidence whatsoever to indicate that…9. But any conclusion at this stage is premature in absence of a prehensive examination of…10. For a couple of reasons, this argument is not very convincing.11. The arguer employs two lines of reasoning to reach this conclusion.12. To support this claim, the editorial citesstatistics indicating that…13. As it stands, this argument suffers from three critical flaws.14. In this argument, the planning department of an investment firm reaches the conclusion that…15. The basis for this remendation is the expectation that…16. While this argument has some merit, there are a few assumptions that deserve attention.17. The example cited, while suggestive of these trends, is insufficient to warrant their truth because there is no reason to believe that the data drawn from…isrepresentative of …18. To begin with, this argument depends on the assumption that…19. Not only does the arguer fail to…, he also fails to…20. However, while the poll establishes a correlation between…and…, and also indicates a correlation, thoughless significantly, between…and…, it does not establ ish a general causal relationship between…以上就是20条GMAT黄金句式的全部内容，分享给大家，考生朋友不妨试试，最后祝大家都能考出好成绩。
如何理解GMAT逻辑argument的结构
如何理解GMAT逻辑argument的结构，是每一个学习逻辑解题的同学必去先学会的知识，只有理解了逻辑题目argument的结构才能分辨逻辑关系，理清逻辑链条，找到正确答案的解答方向。
一、GMAT逻辑argument初步认识1、定义：细分结构，我们把不包含问题的原文部分，称为论点(argument)。
2、构成：论点通常包含前提(premises)、结论(conclusion)、背景(Background)和对位法或对立前提(Counterpoint or Counterpremise )四个部分的信息。
最简单的论点将只包含前提。
不是所有论点都包含结论，但是至少有一个前提，前提和结论是论点的核心。
二、GMAT逻辑argument结构形式1、argument的一般结构。
1)一般传统的argument结构是，premise-premise-conclusion,或者premise-premise-premise-conclusion。
这类结构比较容易认识，一般最后一句话就是结论，或者由于一些像hence, therefore等单词引导。
2)还有就是一种是四句式的，第一句往往给你介绍一个事物的背景。
2、argument的特殊结构。
1)结论在首句：这类题目一般有3个完整句子组成，有时候还有四个句子组成。
特点是结论在首句，不容易辨别，如果结论辨别错了，会影响对于整个argument的理解。
2)句子只有两句，但是第一句句子往往非常长和难懂。
这类结构看懂复杂的那句是关键，不是让你推断两句句子的关系就是问你他们中缺的东西。
三、GMAT逻辑argument结构的成份区分——前提和结论1、前提和结论常用单词区分。
Premise 和 Conclusion(后面简称P和C)能够不用单词表达，顺序不影响逻辑关系，可在同一句话里表达也可分开表达。
P的标志词：because/since/for/for example/for the reasons that/in that/given that/as indicated by/due to/owing to/this can be seen from/we know this by…C的标志词: thus/therefore/hence/consequently/as a result/so/accordingly/clearly/Must be that/show that/conclude that/follows that/for this reason…2、Additional Premise常用单词。
GMAT考试逻辑规律总结
GMAT考试逻辑规律总结2016年GMAT考试逻辑规律总结应届毕业生店铺为大家整理了2016年GMAT考试逻辑规律，希望可以帮助到各位考生备考。
名词解释evidence：证据，现象等，一般指Aconclusion：判断，推论等，一般指B元素：指evidence和conclusion中的主语谓语或宾语(很重要!!)一、归纳，conclusion题型1、有两个及以上的evidence，没有conclusion，但有推理关系，答案就是是conclusion2、有两个及以上的evidence，且有数字作为evidence的，答案是需要计算一下元素和数字关系的conlusion3：有evidence和conclusion，但evidence会影响到conclusion的准确性，答案是conlusion不正确A、上来就说conclusion，但举出来了一条evidence是特例，答案是conlusion会被其他元素影响到B、上来就说conclusion，然后举出了一条影响conclusion正确的evidence，答案是conlusion被过高或过低估计了4、有evidence和conclusion，但彼此之间无关联，答案是evidence和conclusion无关系5、有evidence和conclusion，但彼此矛盾，答案是conclusion 不存在6、有evidence和conclusion，且结构比较完整无疏漏，答案是evidence的复述7、有evidence和conclusion，且conclusion是两个元素进行比较的结构，答案是conclusion的进行比较的另一种写法二、演绎题(一)假设题1、有evidence和conclusion，推理过程完整，答案是把conclusion的元素和evidence的元素搭桥建立关系A、情况A，当evidence和conclusion各有一个，并且都有一个共同的元素时，把conclusion独有元素和evidence的独有的元素建立关系。
GMAT写作高频考题分析
GMAT写作高频考题分析GMAT写作高频考题分析GMAT作文主要是针对题干中的逻辑错误进行针对性的论证分析，考生在备考时要提前了解常见的逻辑漏洞并学会分析。
高频题目是GMAT作文考试中出现频率较高的题，yjbys网店铺就为大家带来GMAT写作高频考题分析，希望对大家的作文备考有帮助。
1. The following appeared in the opinion column of a financial magazine: "On average, middle-aged consumers devote 39 percent of their retail expenditure to department store products and services, while for younger consumers the average is only25 percent. Since the number of middle-aged people will increase dramatically within the next decade, department stores can expect retail sales to increase significantly during that period. Furthermore, to take advantage of the trend, these stores should begin to replace some of those products intended to attract the younger consumer with products intended to attract the middle aged consumer." Discuss how well reasoned ... etc.翻译：财经杂志的意见栏：一般而言，中年消费者的零售消费额的39%用于专卖店的商品何服务。
GMAT逻辑推理题型解析
GMAT逻辑推理题型解析GMAT 考试作为全球知名的商学院入学考试，其逻辑推理部分对于考生的思维能力有着较高的要求。
逻辑推理题型种类繁多，理解并掌握各类题型的特点和解题方法是取得高分的关键。
一、加强论证题加强论证题要求考生找出能够支持给定论点的选项。
这类题目通常会给出一个论点和一些相关的论据，然后让考生从选项中选择能够增强该论点的内容。
例如：有人认为经常锻炼能提高人的免疫力。
以下哪个选项最能加强这一观点？A 一项研究表明，长期坚持锻炼的人比不锻炼的人更少生病。
B 锻炼可以促进身体的血液循环，增强心肺功能。
在这个例子中，A 选项通过具体的研究结果，直接说明了锻炼的人与不锻炼的人在生病频率上的差异，有力地加强了“经常锻炼能提高人的免疫力”这一论点；B 选项虽然提到了锻炼对身体的一些好处，但并没有直接指向免疫力的提高。
解答加强论证题的关键在于理解论点的核心内容，并分析每个选项与论点之间的关联程度。
选项中能够提供新的证据、解释原因或者消除反对意见的往往是正确答案。
二、削弱论证题与加强论证题相反，削弱论证题要求考生找出能够削弱给定论点的选项。
比如：有人说吃水果可以减肥。
以下哪个选项最能削弱这一说法？A 水果中含有大量的糖分，摄入过多反而会导致体重增加。
B 只吃水果会导致营养不均衡，影响身体健康。
这里 A 选项直接指出水果中含有的糖分可能导致体重增加，对“吃水果可以减肥”的论点进行了有力的削弱；B 选项说的是吃水果导致营养不均衡影响健康，而不是针对减肥这一论点，与论点的关联度较小。
对于削弱论证题，要善于找出论点中的漏洞和不合理之处，选项中能够提供反例、指出论证缺陷或者提出其他解释的通常是正确答案。
三、假设题假设题要求考生找出使给定论证成立所必需的前提条件。
例如：某公司认为提高员工福利可以提高员工的工作效率。
以下哪个选项是上述论证所必需的假设？A 员工会因为福利的提高而感到满意，从而更愿意努力工作。
B 公司有足够的资金来提高员工福利。
gmat2020逻辑方法总结
目录1.论证的组成 22.错误选项特征 33.句子作用题 34.削弱题 45.find the flaw 66.假设题 67.加强题 68.评价题79.解释题710.填空题811.归纳题812.其他9明确：先读问题,判断题型、额外信息➡️简化：通读文章，完整读，简化PC ➡️分析：分析P到C的逻辑链,争取找到gap，P和C之间至少有一个gap ➡️解决：结合排除法,排除错误选项,选出正确答案1.论证的组成论证三要素：前提（客观信息）、结论（主观判断）、推导过程事实：客观的陈述，不能被改变的事情（不可以攻击）观点：主观的判断，可能被改变的事情（可以攻击）事实/观点是在描述句子本身的属性论据：用于支持结论的理由，可能是事实／观点结论：被论据所支持的主张判断，一定是观点论据/结论是在描述句子间的逻辑关系表示观点的词：claim/judgement/position…表示事实的词：evidence/fact/phenomenon/finding表示论据的词：consideration/support/grounds/premise表示结论的词：conclusionPremise 前提（论据）：用于支持结论的内容，可能是事实/数据/观点。
Main Conclusion 主结论：作者的最主要观点。
绝大多数argument都有结论。
Background 背景：默认为真的事实，通常本身不影响结论是否成立。
Counter-premise/Counterpoint 反条件/结论：与主要结论相反的事实/观点。
Intermediate Conclusion 中间结论:被某个前提支持，又用于支持主结论的过渡观点加强：如果现实存在理由印证支持作者的假设,则结论成立的可能性增加。
注意加强不是绝对的证明结论成立，而仅仅是选项增加了结论成立的概率，即选项本身对结论有利。
削弱：如果现实存在理由推翻作者做的假设，则结论成立的可能性减小。
满分GMAT作文句型
满分GMAT作文句型满分GMAT作文模板句型70句要想在GMAT作文中夺取高分，背几个GMAT作文模板是远远不够的。
还需要积累一些加分句型，在此与大家分享满分作文模板句型70句，让GMAT作文满分易如反掌。
1.In this argument the arguer recommends that------2. This recommendation is based on the result of survey that-------3. In addition , the arguer assumes that ---------4. A careful examation would reveal how groundless the conclusion is-----B 5.in this analysis, the arguer claims that -----6. to substantiate it the conclusion the arguer provides the evidence that-----7. besides the arguer asserts that--------8. this argument is unconvincing for several critical flaw----9. the arguer predicts that-------10. this prediction relies on the observation that---------11. At the same time, the arguer reasons that----------12. This argument is problematic for several reasons-------13. The conclusion in this argument is that in support of this conclusion the arguerSupplies the evidence that-------further more, the arguer infers that------14. While this argument has some merit(s),there are several logic flaws that deserve our attention15. The validity(credibility) of the survey is doubtful(questionable)16. The arguer fail to convince us that17. Granted that-----------姑且承认--18. We can’t ensure that-----19. The arguer unfairly assumes that-----20 The arguer fails to take into account other factors that might lead to(result in/contribute to/exxplain/account for/be responsible for) ----- 21. The fact that indicates nothing about(does not imply that/does not ensure that)22. The statistical evidence cited in the argument is so vague that it does not validate the arguer’s assumption(that----)23. The survey on which the argument relies lacks credibility and therefore does not lend strong support to the conclusion 24, The arguer commits a fallacy of ----------时序性逻辑错误承上启下：25. In the first place-----,in the second place---------,last but not least---------26. To begin with ---------,In addition -----,Furthermore, the arguer fails to take into account another(several other)factor(s) that might weaken the argument.每段开头：27. The major problem with this argument is that -------28. Another flaw worth discussing is that(the assumption that----)29. Finally it is necessary to point out -(several other minor flaws that might undermine the argument----)证据可疑：questionable30. Another assumption short of legitimacy is that ----(unfounded/groundless/doubtful/unconvincing)31. The argument is based on the assumption that--------32. The reason that ----is open to doubt (persuasive)--should be deleted?33. The arguer commits a fallacy of the question in assaying(?) that-------- 34. In conclusion the arguer fails to validate/(establish) the claim----总之，作者未确立自己的观点----35. To solidify the argument, the arguer should provide more concrete information to demonstrate that-----------36. The arguer should rule out all the above mentioned possibilities that otherwise might undermine37. To sum up the conclusion lacks credibility because the evidence cited in the analysis does not lend strong support to the assumptions38. To make the argument more persuasive the arguer would have to provide more information concerning-------39. As it stands, the argument is not well reasoned and therefore----40. To make it logically acceptable, the arguer should demonstrate addiontionly the arguer must supply more specific evidence to validate the conclusion----41. In summary, the conclusion reached in this argument is invalid and misleading42. Before we can accept the conclusion the arguer must persent more substantial facts to prove that ---------43. Moreover I would suspend my judgement about the credibility of the conclusion until the arguer can present more factual evidence to rule out the possibility that I/is listed in my above analysis44. One reason why I agree/disagree with the title statement, is that--------45. Another reason that prompts me to support/oppose the title statement is that---46. The most important reason in favor of my position is that---------47. There is no denying that--------48.Although I agree that---------,I insist that-49. Many people sincerely believe that---------很多人可能真心相信---50. However, one does not have to go very fear to see that-------51. Another assumption in favor of---------is that-----------,but what they fail to understand is that-----------52. Some people may also assume that--------53. However careful examination would reveal that----54. As the saying goes-----55. There is much concern over the issue of------56. Some people claim that----while others assert that----------57. In the lase analysis, I would agree that-------58. The issue of---is very controversial one59. Although many people believe that -----,I would argue that-------60. According to the title statement --------61. As opposed to the commonly held view, I would insist that-------62. One does not have to go very far to see the truth of this argument63. For example ----------For instance, To illustrate--------,As an illustration-------64. Story/case/personal experience serves as a typicalexample65. A case in point is-------66. Conducted by the department of manager of Peking University (among the top 10 company in 1999)67. Professor --,a distinguished scholar in management said68. To conclude ,there is no easy solution to such a complex ====issue.However ,taking into account all the dimensions discussed in the above analysis might be the first step out of this dilemma69. In conclusion I believe that----not only because----,but also because-----70. In conclusion ,while some people may remain unconvinced by my argument ,the reasons I have analyzed so far should at least make them aware of the complexties of the issue under discussion。
2021年GMAT优秀作文的参考句型
Gmat优秀作文的参考句型1.In this argument the arguer remends that------2. This remendation is based on the result of surveythat-------3. In addition , the arguer assumes that ---------4. A careful exa ___tion would reveal how groundless the conclusion is-----B 5.in this ___ysis, the arguer claims that -----6. to substantiate it the conclusion the arguer provides the eviden ___ that-----7. besides the arguer asserts that--------8. this argument is unconvincing for several critical flaw----9. the arguer predicts that-------10. this prediction relies on the observation that---------11. At the same time, the arguer reasons that----------12. This argument is proble ___tic for several reasons-------13. The conclusion in this argument is that in support of this conclusion the arguerSupplies the eviden ___ that-------further more, the arguer infers that------14. While this argument has some merit(s),there are several logic flaws that deserve our attention15. The validity(credibility) of the survey isdoubtful(questionable)16. The arguer fail to convin ___ us that17. Granted that-----------姑且承认--18. We can’t ensure that-----19. The arguer unfairly assumes that-----20 The arguer fails to take into aount other factors that might lead to(result in/contribute to/exxplain/aount for/be responsible for) -----21. The fact that indicates nothing about(does not imply that/does not ensure that)22. The statistical eviden ___ cited in the argument is so vague that it does not validate the arguer’s assumption(that----)23. The survey on which the argument relies lacks credibility and therefore does not lend strong support to the conclusion24, The arguer mits a fallacy of ----------时序性逻辑错误承上启下：25. In the first pla ___-----,in the second pla ___---------,last but not least---------26. To begin with ---------,In addition -----,Furthermore, the arguer fails to take into aountanother(several other)factor(s) that might weaken the argument.每段开头：27. The ___jor problem with this argument is that -------28. Another flaw worth discussing is that(the assumption that----)29. Finally it is ne ___ssary to point out -(several other minor flaws that might undermine the argument----)证据可疑：questionable30. Another assumption short of legiti ___cy is that ----(unfounded/groundless/doubtful/unconvincing)31. The argument is based on the assumption that--------32. The reason that ----is open to doubt (persuasive)--should be d?33. The arguer mits a fallacy of the question inassaying(?) that--------Ending:34. In conclusion the arguer fails tovalidate/(establish) the claim----总之， ___未确立自己的观点----35. To solidify the argument, the arguer should provide more concrete infor ___tion to demonstrate that-----------36. The arguer should rule out all the above mentioned possibilities that otherwise might undermine37. To sum up the conclusion lacks credibility because the eviden ___ cited in the ___ysis does not lend strong support to the assumptions38. To ___ke the argument more persuasive the arguer would have to provide more infor ___tion con ___rning-------39. As it stands, the argument is not well reasoned and therefore----40. To ___ke it logically aeptable, the arguer should demonstrate addiontionly the arguer must supply more specific eviden ___ to validate the conclusion----41. In sum ___ry, the conclusion reached in this argument is invalid and misleading42. Before we can aept the conclusion the arguer must persent more substantial facts to prove that ---------43. Moreover I would suspend my judgement about the credibility of the conclusion until the arguer can present more factual eviden ___ to rule out the possibility thatI/is listed in my above ___ysis44. One reason why I agree/disagree with the title statement, is that--------45. Another reason that prompts me to support/oppose the title statement is that---46. The most important reason in favor of my position is that---------47. There is no denying that--------48.Although I agree that---------,I insist that-49. Many people sin ___rely believe that---------很多人可能真心相信---50. However, one does not have to go very fear to see that-------51. Another assumption in favor of---------is that-----------,but what they fail to understand is that-----------52. Some people ___y also assume that--------53. However careful examination would reveal that----54. As the saying goes-----55. There is much con ___rn over the issue of------56. Some people claim that----while others assert that----------57. In the lase ___ysis, I would agree that-------58. The issue of---is very controversial one59. Although ___ny people believe that -----,I would argue that-------60. Aording to the title statement --------61. As opposed to the monly held view, I would insist that-------62. One does not have to go very far to see the truth of this argument63. For example ----------For instan ___, To illustrate--------,As an illustration-------64. Story/case/personal experien ___ serves as a typical example65. A case in point is-------66. Conducted by the department of ___nager of Peking University (among the top 10 pany in 1999)67. Professor --,a distinguished scholar in ___nagement said68. To conclude ,there is no easy solution to such a plex ====issue.However ,taking into aount all the dimensions discussed in the above ___ysis might be the first step out of this dilem ___69. In conclusion I believe that----not only because----,but also because-----70. In conclusion ,while some people ___y re ___in unconvin ___d by my argument ,the reasons I have ___yzed so far should at least ___ke them aware of the plexties of the issue under discussion模板,内容仅供参考。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
要想在GMAT作文中夺取高分，只是背几个GMAT作文模板是远远不够的。
前程百利小编在此与大家分享一些GMAT作文：逻辑问题分析论证句式，让GMAT作文满分易如反掌。
逻辑问题分析论证句式：
1. The fact that…does not necessarily imply that…
2. Factors such as…all have some bearing on…
3. Economy, as we know, is influenced by the combination of a host of factors, local, national and international, political, social, and technological.
4. But we are told nothing about the way the poll was conducted and how well it represented…
5. But the problem is that the two situations are not similar enough to justify the analogical deduction.
6. According to…, but there is no evidence whatsoever to show…
7. The argument provides no direct inform ation as to the degree to which…
8. There is no evidence whatsoever to indicate that…
9. But any conclusion at this stage is premature in absence of a comprehensive examination of…
10. For a couple of reasons, this argument is not very convincing.
11. The arguer employs two lines of reasoning to reach this conclusion.
12. To support this claim, the editorial cites statistics indicating that…
13. As it stands, this argument suffers from three critical flaws.
14. In this argument, the planning department of an investment firm reaches the conclusion that…
15. The basis for this recommendation is the expectation that…
16. While this argument has some merit, there are a few assumptions that deserve attention.
17. The example cited, while suggestive of these trends, is insufficient to warrant their truth because there is no reason to believe that the data drawn from…is representative of …
18. To begin with, this argument depends on the assumption that…
19. Not only does the arguer fail to…,he also fails to…
20. However, while the poll establishes a correlation between…and…, and also indicates a correlation, though less significantly, between…and…, it does not establish a general causal relationship between…
以上就是前程百利小编为大家带来的GMAT作文：逻辑问题分析论证句式的详细内容，考生可针对文中介绍的方法进行有针对性的备考。
更多关于GMAT备考的文章小编会陆续为大家呈现，祝大家备考顺利，都能取得好成绩。