高考英语专题之动名词

动名词
语法图解
探究发现
①Playing with fire is dangerous.
②It is no good learning a theory without practice.
③Others try to create advertisements that people simply enjoy looking a t.
④The classic advertisement is one that gives information about finding certain products.
⑤ ... a lot of money is spending on applying modern techniques of design to make these advertisements as visually attractive as possible.
⑥His hobby is watching football games.
⑦For example, it could be “Shanghai Sewing Machine” ...
[我的发现]
(1)句①和句②均为动名词作主语，只不过句②先用it作形式主语，真正主语动名词短语后置。

(2)句③、句④和句⑤均是动名词作宾语，句③中动名词作动词宾语，句④和句⑤中动名词作介词宾语。

(3)句⑥中动名词作表语；句⑦中动名词作定语，说明被修饰名词的用途。

一、动名词的定义
动名词是动词的另一种非谓语形式。

动名词具有名词和动词的特征。

二、动名词的基本形式
动名词由动词原形加词尾-ing构成，与现在分词形式相同。

动名词具有时态和语态的变化，现以learn 为例列表如下：
主动语态被动语态
一般式learning being learned
完成式having learned having been learned
1.动名词的一般式。

结构：主动用doing；被动用being done
动名词的一般式可以表示没有时间先后的动作，即没有明确过去、现在或将来的动作；也可以表示发生在谓语动词之前的动作；有时还可指发生在谓语动词之后的动作。

Going to bed early and rising early is a good habit.
早睡早起是个好习惯。

(没有明确的时间)
I don’t remember ever meeting you somewhere.
我不记得原来在什么地方见过你。

(发生在谓语动词之前)
Doctors advise giving up smoking.
医生建议戒烟。

(发生在谓语动词之后)
2．动名词的完成式：表示动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。

结构：主动用having done；被动用having been done
The old man thanked me for having helped him find his relative’s house.
那位老人感谢我帮他找到亲戚的家。

I don’t remember having ever been given a chance to do it.
我不记得曾被给予做这件事的机会。

3．动名词的否定式：由“not＋动名词”构成。

She regretted not listening to you, which caused this mistake.
她后悔没有听你的话，导致了这一错误。

His not having done his homework made his teacher very angry.
他没有完成作业使老师很生气。

[即时演练1]完成句子
①____________________________________ can help you improve your learning effectively.
养成良好的学习习惯能帮助你有效地改进你的学习。

②____________________________________ when they heard the funny story.
听到这个滑稽的故事，孩子们忍不住笑了。

③Thank you for ______________________________________.
谢谢你给了我这么多的帮助。

④She regretted ____________________________________.
她后悔没看那个电影。

⑤No one ________________________________ in public.
没有人喜欢当众被嘲笑。

三、动名词的句法功能
动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。

1．作主语
Reading aloud is a good way in learning a language.
大声朗读是学习语言的一个好办法。

Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer.
在这种条件下工作不是愉快而是痛苦。

[课堂点津](1)在It is no use/no good/useless/worthwhile/a waste of time/fun doing sth.句型中，用it作形式主语，后面的动名词作真正的主语。

It’s no use complaining without taking any action.
不采取行动而只是抱怨是没有用的。

It is a waste of time talking about such useless things.
谈论这些没用的事情是在浪费时间。

(2)动名词作主语泛指经常性的动作，而不定式多表示特指的、一次性的、具体的动作。

Being invited to the palace ball made her excited. 被邀请参加宫廷舞会使得她非常兴奋。

To be invited to the palace ball would be exciting. 受邀参加这次宫廷舞会将是令人兴奋的事。

(3)单个动名词作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。

Planting many trees is very good for our environment. 植树对我们的环境非常有好处。

[即时演练2] 单句语法填空
①(安徽高考改编)________________ (Ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.
②(湖南高考改编)_________________ (understand) your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.
③(福建高考改编)_____________ (know) basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
④As far as I ’m concerned, it ’s no good ______________ (argue) with him. ⑤Making friends ___________ (play) an important part in our life. 2．作宾语 (1)作动词宾语
They advise solving the problem in this way. 他们建议用这种方法解决这个问题。

Would you mind opening the window? 打开窗子你介意吗？
(2)有些动词或词组后跟动名词或不定式都可以，但意思不同。

常见的有：
mean ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧
to do sth.打算做某事doing sth.意味着做某事
forget ⎩
⎪⎨⎪⎧
to do sth.忘记去做某事(未做)doing sth.忘记做过某事(已做)
regret ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧
to do sth.对即将做的事表示遗憾(未做)doing sth.对做过的事表示后悔(已做)
try ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧
to do sth.尽力去做某事doing sth.试着做某事 go on ⎩
⎪⎨⎪⎧
to do sth.继续做另一件事doing sth.继续做原来做的事
remember ⎩
⎪⎨⎪⎧
to do sth.记着去做某事(未做)
doing sth.记得做了某事(已做)
I remember being taken to the Summer Palace today. 今天我还记得被带去颐和园的情景。

(已去过)
Please remember to come and play with me again someday. 请记住以后有时间再来玩。

(还没来) How I regret not accepting his suggestions. 我多么后悔没有接受他的建议呀。

I regret to tell you that you failed. 很遗憾告诉你，你失败了。

(3)下列动词可接动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。

need /want/require /deserve doing ＝need/want /require/deserve to be done The bike needs repairing . ＝The bike needs to be repaired . 这辆自行车需要修一下。

[即时演练3] 单句语法填空
①(江西高考改编)When it comes to ___________(speak) in public, no one can match him. ②(陕西高考改编)It ’s quite hot today. Do you feel like ___________ (go) for a swim?
③(浙江高考改编)______________ (hear) how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.
④—That would mean _____________ (waste) a lot of labour. —Really? I don ’t mean _____________ (waste) any labour.
⑤The young trees we planted last week require ____________ (look) after with great care. ⑥I don ’t mind ___________ (travel) by bus, but I hate ___________ (stand) in queues.
⑦We can ’t imagine her ____________ (succeed) in the entrance examination, for she has never been to school.
⑧He is looking forward to ___________ (spend) his holiday in Britain. 3．作表语
动名词作表语通常是对主语进行说明、解释。

这时主语和表语位置可以互换。

My job is looking after the children. ＝Looking after the children is my job. 我的工作是看这些孩子。

[课堂点津] 现在分词作表语相当于形容词的功能，说明主语的性质、特征，主语和宾语的位置不可互换。

[即时演练4] 完成句子
①What I hate most is _____________________.
我最恨的就是被别人嘲笑。

②Your task is ______________________.
你的任务就是擦窗户。

③Our goal is ________________________ in the near future.
我们的目标是在不久的将来实现四个现代化(modernization)
4．作定语
动名词作定语一般表示所修饰名词的用途或性能。

There is a large swimming pool in the garden. (the pool for swimming)
花园里边有一个大的游泳池。

The writing table is made of expensive wood. (The table for writing)
这张写字台是贵重木材做的。

[课堂点津]动名词作定语通常表示它所修饰的名词的用途或性能，与所修饰的名词之间不存在逻辑上的主谓关系；现在分词作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。

China is a developing country. (相当于a country which is developing)
中国是一个发展中国家。

[即时演练5]单句语法填空
①(全国大纲卷改编)Today there are more airplanes _____________ (carry) more people than ever before in the skies.
②(山东高考改编)There’s a note pinned to the door _________ (say) when the shop will open again.
③(山东高考改编)The room is empty except for a book-shelf __________ (stand) in one corner.
四、动名词的复合结构
如果动名词有自己的逻辑主语，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。

其逻辑主语一般由物主代词、名词所有格、人称代词的宾格或名词的通格来充当。

在口语中，物主代词和名词所有格可分别由人称代词的宾格和名词的通格代替。

Do you mind my/me opening the door?
我打开门你介意吗？
I can’t imagine Mary’s/Mary marrying such a man.
我无法想象玛丽竟然嫁给了这么一个人。

[课堂点津]当动名词的复合结构作主语时，其逻辑主语只用所有格或物主代词表示。

The students’knowing English well will help them to learn French.
学生学好英语对学习法语有帮助。

[即时演练6]完成句子
①________________ made the teacher angry.
玛丽的迟到使老师很生气。

②My worry is ___________________.
我担心的是你改变主意。

③Would you mind __________________?
我在此吸烟你介意吗？
④Do you hear the sound of __________________?
你听见开门声了吗？
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The manager meant ______________ (tell) the workers that being 5 minutes late meant ____________ (leave) the company.
2．China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from _________________ (attack) in the South China Sea.
3．Can you imagine yourself ____________ (stay) in a lonely island?
4．It is no good _________ (try) to remember grammatical rules. You need to practise what you have learned.
5．We suggested _________ (sleep) in hotels but the children were anxious _________ (camp) out.
6．Do you feel like ___________ (go) out or would you rather have dinner at home?
7．While this matter is well worth __________,_it doesn’t need ___________.(do)
8．The robber tried every means, but couldn’t escape ______________ (catch) by the policemen finally.
9．The lady insisted that the young man ___________ (steal) her wallet and insisted on ____________ (send) him to the police station at once.
10．More and more old people go to the universities for the aged in order to avoid ______________ (cut) off from the outside world.
11．The man denied __________________ (steal) anything in the supermarket when he was questioned by the police.
12．It was _____________ (play) games that cost the boy a lot of time that should have been spent on study.
Ⅱ.单句写作
1．(北京高考写作一标准范文)Hope to ____________________________ (在训练营遇到你) this summer.
2．(陕西高考标准范文)Successfully，I have ________________________ (向她伸出了援助之手) in several English activities of my class, which have been appreciated by both teachers and my classmates.
3．(浙江高考满分作文)For example, once most of my classmates made a suggestion that we go outing at the weekend，but I thought _________________________ (帮助养老院里的老人) would be more meaningful.
4．(浙江高考满分作文)Sometimes __________________ (放弃) a little can ____________________ (意味着得到更多)．
5．(陕西高考满分作文)As an outgoing student, ________________________ (我很擅长与别人交流), which makes me feel confident about this position.
6．(四川高考满分作文)_____________________ (听和说) is where my weakness lies when it comes to English.
7．(四川高考标准范文) And you also should keep it in mind that __________________________________ (经常和同学们交换笔记) is a good way to improve your study.
8．(全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)I hope you enjoy ________________________________ (为我们报纸写文章)．
跟动名词和不定式作宾语的动词
语法图解
探究发现
①I refuse to let you pay for anything while you’re here.
②She wanted to go home earlier that day.
③I suggest leaving 10% of the bill for the waiter or waitress.
④I think we should consider staying in the English countryside for a few nights as you enjoy hiking.
⑤Do you like to play/playing chess?
⑥I’ll remember to post your letter.
⑦I don’t remember saying that to him before.
[我的发现]
(1)句①句②中refuse和want要跟__________作宾语。

(2)句③句④中suggest，consider和enjoy要跟__________作宾语。

(3)句⑤中like后既可跟________也可跟_________作宾语，意义区别不大。

(4)句⑥句⑦中remember既可跟__________也可跟________作宾语，但含义不同。

一、只接动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语
1．这类词语可借助以下口诀来记忆：
避免错过少延期(avoid, miss, postpone)
建议完成多练习(advise/suggest, finish, practise)
喜欢想象与考虑(enjoy/appreciate, imagine，consider)
承认否定与妒忌(admit, deny, envy)
逃避冒险莫原谅(escape, risk, excuse)
忍受保持不介意(stand, keep, mind)
Bill suggested holding a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.
比尔建议开一个关于假期期间为上海世博会做些什么的会议。

Would you mind giving us a talk today about DNA?
能不能请你今天作一个关于DNA的报告？
When he finished listening to the news, he turned off the radio.
当他听完新闻，他就关掉了收音机。

2．英语中有一些动词短语也常跟动名词作宾语。

常见的跟动名词作宾语的动词短语有insist on(坚持), object to(反对), be good at(擅长), lead to(导致), put off(推迟), give up(放弃), look forward to(期盼), feel like(想要), devote to(献身于), get used/accustomed to(习惯于), pay attention to(注意), be worth(值得)，can’t help(禁不住)等。

I don’t think we should put off having the meeting.
我认为我们不应该推迟开那个会议。

We were used/accustomed to getting up early in the morning.
我们以前习惯早起。

Professor Wang devotes his life to protecting animals.
王教授为保护动物奉献一生。

[即时演练1]用所给词的适当形式填空
①I wouldn’t consider __________ (make) these changes.
②(2019·江西高考改编)When it comes to ____________ (speak) in public, no one can match him.
③(2019·陕西高考改编)It’s quite hot today. Do you feel like ___________ (go) for a swim?
④I don’t mind ___________ (travel) by bus, but I hate __________ (stand) in queues.
⑤We can’t imagine her ______________ (succeed) in the entrance examination, for she has never been to school.
⑥He is looking forward to ___________ (spend) his holiday in Britain.
⑦Men find it easier to give up _____________ (smoke) than women.
二、只接不定式作宾语的动词
这类词语可借助以下口诀来记忆：
同意提出做计划(agree, offer, intend/plan/attempt)
要求答应来帮忙(demand/ask, promise, help)
准备决定遭拒绝(prepare, decide, refuse)
敢于选择有希望(dare, choose, wish/hope/want/expect)
设法负担决心坚(manage, afford, determine)
不能做到莫假装(fail, pretend)
Tom pretended not to have heard about it, but in fact, he knew it very well.
汤姆假装没有听说过，但是事实上他很了解这件事。

Fred didn’t have any money, so he decided to look for a job.
弗雷德没有钱了，因此他决定找份工作。

He offered to help me with my English.
他主动提出帮我学习英语。

They managed to finish the work on time.
他们设法按时完成了工作。

[即时演练2]用所给词的适当形式填空
①Don’t forget _____________ (apologize) to your brother for losing your temper when you see him.
②When one loses confidence, he can never expect __________ (do) his work well.
③I finally managed ___________ (find) the book I was looking for.
④Many people would like ____________ (take) holidays abroad.
⑤I can’t afford ____________ (waste) money on cheap souvenirs.
⑥I really dislike my job but I have to pretend ______________ (enjoy) it.
⑦Rather than ride on a crowded bus, he always prefers ______________ a bicycle. (ride)
三、既可以接动名词又可以接不定式但意义差别比较大的动词(短语)
She didn’
她不记得晚饭后锁过门了。

Remember to turn off all the lights when you leave the classroom.
你离开教室时，别忘记把所有的灯关掉。

You must try to do it again.
你必须想方设法再做一次。

Let’s try doing the work in some other way.
咱们用另一种方法试试做这项工作。

[即时演练3]
(1)单句语法填空
①(陕西高考改编)After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress，Anne Benedict went on _____________ (thank) all the people who had helped in her career.
②—That would mean ___________ (waste) a lot of labour.
—Really? I don’t mean ___________ (waste) any labour.
③The engine just won’t start. Something seems __________ (go) wrong with it.
④Every half an hour Mr Smith would stop __________ (have) a smoke.
⑤As soon as Peter saw me, he stopped __________ (talk) to his friends and came over.
⑥I’m sorry I can’t help ___________ (clean) the room.
(2)单句改错
①If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but meet an even greater challenge. ________________
②He has been looking forward to go to England for a long time._______________
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I remembered ____________ (lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.
2．It’s getting warmer and warmer; our students are considering _______ (climb) the hill next weekend.
3．We always go there by train. Why not try __________ (take) a bus?
4．It is difficult to imagine his ____________ (accept) the decision without any consideration.
5．We’ve had a good start, but next, more work needs ______________ (do) to achieve the final success.
6．I’m determined to solve the mystery even if it means ______________ (travel) to New York myself.
7．They couldn’t help ____________ (laugh) when they heard the joke.
8．We don’t permit ______________ (smoke) in the classroom; that is to say, students aren’t permitted _____________ (smoke) in the classroom.
9．I would appreciate your ___________ (call) back this afternoon.
10．People have been accustomed to ____________ (drive) to work every day, which results in air pollution.
Ⅱ.单句写作
1. (广东高考读写任务)Secondly, in this way, we will find a good way to practice ____________________ (清晰自如地表达我们自己)．
2．(江西高考满分作文)In a word, _____________________(只要你坚持这么做), you will reap a harvest.
3．(湖南高考标准范文)However, as a boy who has athlete’s foot, I am ___________________________ (盼望着发明一双鞋) helping my feet keep dry and me walk conveniently.
4．(湖南高考标准范文)____________________(如果你停止走路), the micro-fan can work immediately to dry your feet.
5．(天津高考满分作文)Secondly, would you mind _________________ (吃面条)?
6．(陕西高考满分作文)I’m very strong healthy and I _____________________________ (喜欢唱歌跳舞).。