FS_Business_introduction
口译笔记速记符号汇总及简写规则
口译笔记速记符号汇总简写规则目录[1].Note-taking symbols and abbreviations[2].关于缩略词[3].关于字母和图像[4].用箭头、数字符号、标点符号来表示1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservative Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation. assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology department UK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budget ind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples: assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples: bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples: decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting,initialscan be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACB Use symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <---> resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
商务导论Lecture1-Formsofbusiness
10, 11, 16, 18
Final Exam
80%
Requirements
• Preview • Group report
Homework
Final Grade
2020/5/18
Performance
20% Class Attendance Involvement
• No absence
• In-class discussion • Report / Presentation
general partner / limited partner
-Partner who actively manages a business and has unlimited liability for its debts -Partner who does not share in a business’ management and is liable for its debts only to the limit of his or her investment
• Partnership
– Business co-owned by two or more persons
• Corporation
– Business that is legally considered an entity separate from its owners and is liable for its own debts; owners’ liability extends to the limits of their investments.
1
Advantages Disadvantages
Improved access to resources
business objects
Business ObjectsIntroductionIn the business world, it is essential to effectively manage and analyze data in order to make informed decisions. To achieve this, many organizations utilize software tools known as Business Objects. Business Objects are powerful applications used for data management, reporting, and analysis. This document will provide an overview of business objects, their key features, and how they can benefit organizations.What are Business Objects?Business Objects refer to a suite of software tools developed by SAP (Systems, Applications & Products in Data Processing) that allow organizations to access, analyze, and report on their business data. These tools help in data integration, data modeling, and data management across various systems within an organization. The Business Objects suite consists of several individual applications, including:1.Universe Designer: This tool enables users tocreate business data models, known as universes.Universes provide a semantic layer that simplifies dataaccess and analysis for end-users.2.Web Intelligence (WebI): WebI is a web-basedreporting tool that allows users to create interactivereports and access them from anywhere. It provides theability to analyze data in real-time with dynamicvisualizations.3.Crystal Reports: Crystal Reports is a powerfulreporting tool that allows users to design and generateformatted reports from a wide range of data sources. Itprovides features like sorting, filtering, and grouping topresent data in a meaningful way.4.Dashboard Designer: This tool enables users tocreate interactive and visually appealing dashboards with data visualizations, such as charts, graphs, and KPIs (KeyPerformance Indicators).5.Lumira: Lumira is a self-service data visualizationtool that allows users to explore, analyze, and visualize data in a user-friendly and intuitive interface.6.Data Services: This tool allows organizations tointegrate and transform data from different sources,ensuring data quality and consistency across differentsystems.Key Features of Business Objects1. Data Integration and ModelingBusiness Objects provides robust functionality for integrating data from various sources, such as databases, spreadsheets, and cloud-based applications. It allows users to create a unified view of the data through the use of universes, which act as an abstraction layer, shielding end-users from the complexities of underlying data structures. This simplifies the data access process and ensures consistency in data analysis.2. Reporting and AnalysisBusiness Objects offers a range of powerful reporting and analysis tools. Web Intelligence allows users to create ad-hoc reports and perform advanced data analysis using a drag-and-drop interface. Crystal Reports provides features for designing pixel-perfect, formatted reports that can be customized to meet specific business requirements. These tools enable organizations to generate insightful reports, visualize trends, and gain actionable insights from their data.3. Self-Service AnalyticsWith tools like Lumira, Business Objects empowers business users to perform self-service analytics without depending on IT teams. Users can explore data, create interactive visualizations, and share insights with others. This enables faster decision-making and reduces the reliance on technical teams for generating custom reports.4. Data Governance and SecurityBusiness Objects ensures data governance and security through features like user authentication, role-based access control, and data encryption. Organizations can define access rights at the user or group level, ensuring that sensitive data is only accessible to authorized individuals. This helps in maintaining data privacy and compliance with regulatory requirements.5. Mobile SupportBusiness Objects offers mobile apps that enable users to access reports, dashboards, and analytics on the go. This allows decision-makers to stay informed and make data-driven decisions even when they are away from their desks. The mobile apps provide an intuitive and responsive user experience, ensuring access to critical information at any time.Benefits of using Business ObjectsUsing Business Objects can provide several benefits to organizations, including:1.Improved Data Analysis: Business Objects providepowerful analytics tools that enable organizations toanalyze data from multiple sources and gain valuableinsights. This helps in understanding customer behavior,identifying market trends, and making informed business decisions.2.Enhanced Reporting Capabilities: The reportingfeatures of Business Objects allow organizations to create dynamic and visually appealing reports that can becustomized to meet specific needs. This helps in presenting data in a meaningful way and effectively communicatinginsights to stakeholders.3.Increased Efficiency: Business Objects automatevarious data management tasks, such as data integration, modeling, and report generation. This improvesoperational efficiency, reduces manual effort, and allowsemployees to focus on analysis and decision-making rather than data manipulation.4.Faster Decision-Making: With real-time dataaccess and self-service analytics capabilities, BusinessObjects enable faster decision-making. Decision-makers can access critical information whenever needed and generate ad-hoc reports without relying on IT teams, resulting infaster response times.5.Data Governance and Security: Business Objectsprovide robust security features to ensure data privacy and compliance. Organizations can define access controls, track user activities, and ensure the integrity of sensitive data,reducing the risk of data breaches.6.Mobile Access: The ability to access reports andanalytics on mobile devices empowers decision-makers to stay connected and make informed decisions even whenthey are on the move.ConclusionBusiness Objects are powerful software tools that enable organizations to efficiently manage, analyze, and report on their business data. With features like data integration, reporting, self-service analytics, and mobile support, Business Objects provide a comprehensive solution for data-driven decision-making. By leveraging Business Objects, organizations can improve their data analysis capabilities, enhance reporting capabilities, increase efficiency, and make faster and more informed business decisions.。
企业英文缩写大全
企业英文缩写大全5S : 整理(SEIRI)、整頓(SEITON)、清掃(SEISO)、清潔(SEIKETSU)及身美(SHITSUKE)五種行為ABC : 作業製成本制度(Activity-Based Costing)ABB : 實施作業制預算制度(Activity-Based Budgeting)ABM : 作業製成本管理(Activity-Base Management)APS : 先進規畫與排程系統(Advanced Planning and Scheduling)ASP : 應用程式服務供應商（Application Service Provider）ATP : 可承諾量(Available To Promise)AVL : 認可的供應商清單(Approved Vendor List)BOM : 物料清單(Bill Of Material)BPR : 企業流程再造(Business Process Reengineering)BSC : 平衡記分卡(Balanced ScoreCard)BTF : 計畫生產(Build To Forecast)BTO : 訂單生產(Build To Order)CPM : 要徑法(Critical Path Method)CPM : 每一百萬個使用者會有幾次抱怨(Complaint per Million)CRM : 客戶關係管理(Customer Relationship Management)CRP : 產能需求規劃(Capacity Requirements Planning)CTO : 客制化生產(Configuration To Order)DBR : 限制驅導式排程法(Drum-Buffer-Rope)DMT : 成熟度驗證(Design Maturing Testing)DVT : 設計驗證(Design Verification Testing)DRP : 運銷資源計畫(Distribution Resource Planning)DSS : 決策支援系統(Decision Support System)EC : 設計變更／工程變更(Engineer Change)EC : 電子商務(Electronic Commerce)ECRN : 原件規格更改通知(Engineer Change Request Notice)EDI : 電子資料交換(Electronic Data Interchange)EIS : 主管決策系統(Executive Information System)EMC : 電磁相容(Electric Magnetic Capability)EOQ : 基本經濟訂購量(Economic Order Quantity)ERP : 企業資源規劃(Enterprise Resource Planning)FAE : 應用工程師(Field Application Engineer)FCST : 預估(Forecast)FMS : 彈性製造系統(Flexible Manufacture System)FQC : 成品品質管制(Finish or Final Quality Control)IPQC : 制程品質管制(In-Process Quality Control)IQC : 進料品質管制(Incoming Quality Control)SPC : 統計制程管制(Statistic Process Control)TOC : 限制理論(Theory of Constraints)TPM : 全面生產管理Total Production ManagementTQC : 全面品質管制(Total Quality Control)TQM : 全面品質管理(Total Quality Management)WIP : 在製品(Work In Process)ABC Absolute Best Cost (is a procurement strategy to secure thebest costs for a part)AFR Annual Failure ReturnETD Estimated time of departure 估計出發時間ETA Estimated time of arriveAMO After Market OptionsWWAN (Wireless Wide Area Network) 是指傳輸範圍可跨越國家或不同城市之間的無線網路AN The product line code for MCD COMMERCIAL regionsAPJ Asia Pacific and JapanAPL Approved Partner ListFPC PCB" 柔性電路板(柔性RMAPCB): 簡稱"軟板", 又稱"柔性線路板", 也稱"軟性線路板、撓性線路板"或"軟性電路板、撓性電路板","FPCB, Flexible and Rigid-Flex". APO Advanced Planning OptimizationASN Advance Shipment NoticeASP Average Selling PriceATP Acknowledge to Production (order acknowledgement methodology) AUP Average Unit Price (sometimes used interchangeably with ASP)AV Refers to the Marketing Feature level of the BOM (2nd level). Is unique by family/platform/business modelAVL Approved Vendor ListAVLC Available Vendor List CandidateBCPL Blind Corporate Price List - When a product becomes "orderable" for the customerBDD Business Desktop Division - Is now defunct - the HP legacy busines desktop groupBOM Bill of MaterialBPN Business Products North America (Pre-Merger HP term for North America region…sometimes referred to as PPMD)BRD Business Requirements DocumentBRP Business Revenue PlanBT Build TriggerBTCO Build to Customer OrderBTO Build to OrderBTS Build-to-stock (situation where you ask factory to build units and stock FGI at their site before orders arrive)CDS Compal Direct ShipCFZ Code FreezeCIR Consumer IR(OEIC) 光電子集成電路CM Contract ManufacturersCNY Chinese New YearCO Customer Order (a term used in ICON - it is how daily demand is input into ICON) OR Change OrderCOA Certificate of Authenticity - most commonly refers to the Microsoft licensing label that is used on our PCsCRT 阴极射线管（Cathode Ray Tube）的显示器COGS Cost of Goods Sold (usually represented as a percentage of revenue) COS Cost of SalesCPB Company Performance BonusCPC Consumer PC Division - refers to the consumer desktop division based in Cupertino, CaliforniaCPL Corporate Price ListCPMO Region: China (refers to both their operations region and their regional manufacturing site)CPP Commodity Purchase PlanCPU Central Processing UnitCT Commodity TrackingCTO Configure to OrderCWSP Confirmed Weekly Shipment PlanDB Design BuildDC Distribution CenterDIB Drop in BoxDO Design Objective (Project or PLC Milestone - Establish Objectives of a project or new part)DoD Department of DefenseDOS Days of SupplyDR Delivery Request (An order placed by the region on the ODM for delivery)DRCD Driver CDDSM Demand Supply MatchingDSP Depot-Specific Supply Chain - ICON term to describe where/how a product is distributed in the MRP toolFW Firm wareECO Enterprise Core ObjectsECO Engineering Change OrderECR Engineering Change RecordEMEA Europe, Middle-East and Africa (is the Europe region)EOL End of LifeEPC Electronic Product Code (RFID technology provider)ESG Enteriprise Systems GroupEDID Extended Display Identification DATA，即扩展显示识别数据EURP End-User Replaceable PartsFCS First Customer ShipFCT Factory Cycle Time (measures the time it takes the factory to produce and ship the product once they have the ually measured in days) FDD Floppy Disk DriveFLC Factory Learning CurveFPU Factory Produce Unit (IPG term)FTO Flexible Time-off (HP term for vacation time)GBU General Base Unit (Pre-merger HP) OR…General Business Unit (new HP)GFI Go For Intro (PLC and project milestone - indicates this project is ready to start implementation)GPS Global Procurement ServicesHDD Hard Disk DriveHDCP (High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection)HOI HP-Owned InventoryHPD HP DirectHPS HP ServicesI/L Investigation to Lab (PLC milestone - freezes product definition)IDC Inventory Driven CostsIDP Individual Development PlanIDS International Direct ShipOOC Out of characterIES Inventec ChinaIPO International Procurement Organization - now called GPS in some entitiesIQDC Integrated Quality Data CollectionIUR IXXXX Unit RequestPP SAMPLE SP : 指產品的打樣制作；Sample PhasePP ：指產品小批量試做；Production PhaseMP ：指產品進入大量生產Mass PhaseIWT Inter Warehouse Transfer (a term used in ICON that gives the value of the demand plan per sku)KMAT Configurable Material (SAP term)KV The product line code for MCD RETAIL regionsKWL Keyboard Warning LabelLADO Region: Latin America (Latin America Distribution Organization) LCD Liquid Crystyal DisplayLCPL Live Customer Product List - product number and pricing visibleLi-ION Lithion-Ion: Battery technologyLT Lead TimeLTB Last Time Buy - is used when a component/product is going to become EOLMADP Most Accurate Demand PlanMAP Material Availability Plan OR Mobile Attainment Plan (used by Marketing Ops to outline the volumes we want to ship from a revenue standpoint)MAS Material Availbility Split - HP internal term to refer to our tool/process to support material availability visibility to the regionsMCD Mobile Computing Division (pre-merger HP Mobile Computing Division)MDL Module - is a MCD feature naming convention for Floppy Disk Drive or Optical Disk DriveMF Marketing ForecastMIR Mail In RebateMIT Multimedia Integration TestMOH Manufacturing OverheadMP Mass ProductionMR Manufacturing Release (PLC milestone - beginning of volume production)MRD Marketing Requirements DocumentMRP Materials Requirement PlanningMSP Master Shipment PlanMTD Month to DateMV Manufacturing ValidationNA Another name for North America COMMERCIALNACC North America Consumer Computing - refers to the NA consumer regionNAM North America RegionNB NotebookNiMH Nickel-Metal Hydride: Battery technology (boy…this is old!)NPI New Product IntroductionNRP Net Requirement PlanOCT Order Cycle TimeODD Optical Disk DriveODM Original Design ManufacturerOEM Original Equipment ManufacturerOH On-Hand (usually refers to inventory)OP Order ProcessingOPEC Oem Product data management External Collaboration for PSGOS Operating SystemOSS Outsourced serviceOT OvertimeOTS Observation Tracking SystemPCB Printed Circuit BoardPCBA Printed Ciruit Board AssemblyPDD Program Definition DocumentsPDG Product Data GenerationPDM BOM Data Warehouse System (Product Data Management) 產品資料管理系統PL Product LinePLC Product Life CyclePMC Pre-Merger CompaqPMH Pre-Merger Hewlett-PackardPMP Process Management PlanPNOP Part number on PartPO Purchase order订单pxe 網絡啟動模式POD Print On DemandTPM Total Productive Management全面生產管理POR Plan of Record (a general "roadmap" of a product that indicates estimated product forecast, features, etc.)PPMD Region: North America (Personal Information Products Manufacturing & Distribution) or BPN (see above)PRISM Preinstall Reengineering Initiative of Software Manufacturing PSDA Region: Asia PacificPSDE Region: EuropePSG Personal Systems GroupPTRPTT Post, Telegraph and Telephone AuthorityPV Product ValidationPWSP Preliminary Weekly Shipping PlanQBR Quarterly Business ReviewR10 SCITS Material Availability report (is at subassembly level)R11 SCITS Open Orders at the ODMR12 SCITS Shipments from the factoryR16 SCITS Factory BOMR5 SCITS Inventory reportRACDRACD Region Applicatioin CDRAD Reseller Arrival DatesRAM Random Access MemoryRAR Regional Allocation RulesRASRCD Recovery Compact Disc (Includes Windows, etc.)RCTO Regional Configure to Order - describes the SC postponement model where regionally-managed factories configure notebook unitsRDP Regional Demand PlanRFS Required for SetupRICAR Regional Inventory Cost Allocation Rules (used for allocating inventory costs back to the regions)RMN Regulatory Model NumberRMA Return(ed) Material AuthorizationROW Rest of WorldRQM Release Qual MatrixRSBT Radically Simple Better Together (Marketing Value Proposition for HP products)RSL Recommended Spares ListRSN Regional Supply Netting (solution until SNP)RT MCD code name for the US retail regionRTF Read This FirstRTP Release to Production - describes an order management methodology where orders are released only to available supplySA Subassembly (is the 3rd level of the BOM) and is the level at which regional DSM occursSCBO Supply Chain Business Operations (formerly PSDE, Europe region) SCITS Supply Chain Information Transfer Standard - the standard we use to transfer data between ODM, regions and GBUSCM Support Configuration MatrixSI System IntegrationSKU Stock-Keeping Unit (HP classic uses sku to refer to a model number) SKU Store Keeping UnitSLA Service Level AgreementSMB Small-Medium BusinessSMBC Small-Medium Business and ConsumerSMI Supplier Managed InventorySMT Surface Mounted Technology (used in motherboard preparation) SNP APO Module: Supply Network PlanningSOI Supplier-Owned InventorySR Ship Release (What the delivery engineers must do before a sku can be ordered by the regions)SRP SKU Reengineering ProcessST Sell-ThroughSVTP System Validation Test PlanSWMR Software Manufacturing Release (?)TAC Transfer at Cost - often refers to units we sell internally (for new employee equipemnt setup, etc)TAT Turn Around TimeTCE Total Customer ExperienceUAT User Acceptance TestUCUDF Unit Configuration User Defined Format, pre-CompeqUI User InterfaceVAR Value-Added ResellerVCM Variable Contribution MarginVMI Vendor Managed InventoryWDP Weekly Demand Plan (the same as Weekly Shipping Plan)WIF "What-if" demand - used primarily by NACC to describe their uncommitted demand scenarioWOS Weeks of SupplyWPTR Worldwide Product Tracking Record, pre-HPWSP Weekly Shipping PlanWWF Worldwide FulfillmentWWP Worldwide PlanningWWSNRS World Wide Serial Number Repository。
口译笔记速记符号归总
有趣的口译笔记符号第一轮的口译学习接近尾声了，很庆幸没有再一次错过。
想起它便多了一丝安慰，也明白心里面还有一些东西没有实现。
大学的时我就想系统学习口译, 却因为各种“原因”错过。
而工作以后再也不可能连请40天假去北京学习。
现在终于有机会在一家本地的翻译协会学习，虽然老师水平很一般，不过教我错错有余。
除了发现自己的基本功还很不够，也有了一点小小的感悟，渐渐明白为什么说口译是一门熟能生巧的技术活，也是一门艺术。
口译的过程可以概述为接受- 解码-记录-编码-表达。
其中，前四个步骤是由译员单独完成的，最后一项是由直接与听众沟通完成的。
记录的部分就是笔记，笔记是由符号组成的。
翻译时先把听到的语言转换成符号记录下来，再把符号转换成另一种语言。
虽然语言不同，符号却相同。
终于理解为什么前辈们说翻译是翻意思不翻词。
文字只是一种表达形式，而活跃在文字之上的是意思，是思想。
符号可以介于文字和思想之间。
也许在文字还没有被创造之前符号就被创造出来了。
小说《达.芬奇密码》中的宗教符号学教授罗拨.兰顿就利用符号发现了秘密。
虽然小说是虚构的，不过现实生活中简单的符号可以留给人们无尽的想象空间。
下面分享一些口译中的简单符号：数学符号：+ 表示"多"，“另外”: many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.++(+2) 表示"多"的比较级：more, , plus, add, moreover, besides,etc.+3 表示"多"的最高级：most－表示"少", “减去，除去，除了”: little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of ，minus, deduct, except, etc.×表示"错误"、"失误"和" 不好的，负面的"的概念：wrong/incorrect，mistake，notorious，negative, etc.> 表示"多于"概念：bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.表示"高" 概念：superior to，surpass, etc< 表示"少于"概念：less than /smaller，etc.表示"低"概念：inferior to，etc.= 表示"同等,一致，公平"概念：means，that is to say，in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc.表示"对手"概念：a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.( ) 表示"在......之中，在……之内"：among, within, etc.≠表示"不同，不公平，有差距"概念：be different from, disparity，etc.表示"无敌"概念：matchless, peerless, etc.～表示"大约"概念：about/around，almost, nearly, or so，approximately, etc./ 表示"否定"，"消除"等概念：cross out, eliminate, etc.标点符号：: 表示各种各样"说"的动词：say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc.? 表示"问题"：question，issue，例如：台湾问题：tw?. (dot) 这个"."点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样".d"表示yesterday, ".y"表示last year, ".2m"表示two month ago。
听译各种速写符号汇总
1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:备战考试，快乐学习：2010年口译备考小组等你来参加>>Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable. pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s. chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/1、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important,ASAP: as soon as possible。
Fundamentals of business 《工商导论》说课稿
Fundamentals of business 《工商导论》说课稿尊敬的各位专家，大家好！我的抽签号是8号，申报的职称是教授。
我今天进行说课的课程是Fundamentals of business 《工商导论》，以下我将从课程定位与学情分析，教学目标，重点难点，教学方法，教学准备与时间分配，教学程序，考核评价，教学反思八个方面进行说课，请各位专家批评指正。
1. 首先，课程定位与目标《工商导论》是英语专业（商务英语方向）专业选修课。
该专业的培养目标是旨在培养既具备扎实的语言基础，又具有商务领域基础知识和基本技能的复合型人才。
《工商导论》是一门全英文授课的商务类课程，在学生从语言学习过渡到商务知识学习的过程中起着重要的桥梁作用。
本课程的先修课程为《商务交际英语》，后续课程为国际贸易、工商管理和市场营销方向的专业选修课课程群。
该课程开设在第5学期，教学对象是英语专业（商务英语方向）三年级学生。
学生在一年级和二年级基础阶段进行了大量的语言技能训练，在通用英语听说读写译方面达到了中级以上水平，到高年级阶段，将接受商务知识的学习。
《工商导论》作为商务知识概论课程，对激发学生兴趣，引导学生进一步探索学习具有重要作用。
基于以上学情分析和课程在整个培养方案中的作用，本课程的教学目标便非常明确了。
按照语言与商务知识复合型人才的培养目标，《工商导论》以英语为授课语言，全面、系统、概要地介绍了市场经济体制下工商企业运作各方面的知识。
因此，该课程的教学目标也主要围绕语言和商务知识两个方面展开，同时在教学环节中融入能力培养。
具体要求是：在语言方面，要求学生掌握相关商务领域的专业术语表达，理解并能够用英语口头和书面探讨商务领域相关问题；对商务知识的教学要求是了解工商企业运作各方面的相关概念和基本原理，但不要求深入钻研；在能力方面的目标是培养学生的思辨能力、自主学习能力以及在实际商务环境中运用商务英语的能力。
2. 教学内容该课程使用的教材是对外经贸大学陈准明教授主编的《工商导论》第二版。
口译中的常见缩写和符号表示法
编辑点评：口译中的单词速记法其实有很多形式：缩略、符号代替、图像代替，大家还可以自己发明一套速记符号，关键是要多联系，得心应手。
不如从上课时记笔记开始练起吧。
[1] 缩略词[2] 字母与图像[3] 数学符号[4] 标点[5] 长单词缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。
缩略词的写法一般为四种方式：1.拿掉所有元音MKT: marketMGR: managerMSG: messageSTD: standardRCV: receive2.保留前几个字母INFO informationINS insuranceEXCH exchangeI owe you IOUIn stead of I/O3.保留开头和结尾的发音字母WK weekRM roomPL people4.根据发音R areTHO thoughTHRU through高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表缩略词原词APT ApartmentACC AccountantACDG AccordingACPT AcceptAD AdvertisementADS AddressADV AdviceAMAP As much/many as possible AMT AmountAPV ApproveASAP As soon as possibleBAL BalanceBLDG BuildingCERT CertificateCFM ConformCNCL CancelCNF ConferenceCMI CommissionCMP CompleteCMPE Compete/competitiveCMU CommunicationCONC Concern/concerning/concerned COND ConditionCO. CompanyDEPT DepartmentDISC DiscountDPT DepartureEXCH ExchangeEXPLN ExplainEXT ExtentFLT FlightFNT FinalFRT FreightFYR For your referenceGD GoodGUAR Guarantee H.O. Home office INFO Information IMPS Impossible IMP(T) Important INCD Include INDIV Individual INS Insurance INTST InterestedI/O In stead ofIOU I owe youIVO In view of MANUF Manufacture MDL ModelMEMO Memorandum MGR MangerMIN MinimumMKT MarketMSG Message NCRY NecessaryNLT No later than OBS ObserveOBT ObtainORD OrdinaryPAT PatentPC PiecePKG PackingPL PeoplePLS PleasePOSN Position POSS(BL) Possible PROD Product QLTY QualityQUTY QuantityRCV ReceiveREF Reference REGL RegularREP Representative RESN Reservation RPT Repeat RESPON ResponsibleSEC SectionSITN SituationSTD StandardTEL TelephoneTEMP TemporaryTGM TelegraphTHO ThoughTKS ThanksTRD TradeTRF TrafficTTL TotalU YouUR YourWK WeekWL WillWT WeightXL Extra large字母、图像Z 表示“人” people/person，因为Z 看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。
BTEC Level 3 Nationals商业企业和创业指南说明书
Teaching Business at Level 3?Choose BTEC NationalsWhy choose BTEC Nationals?Young people taking their fi rst steps towards a new career need the right blend oftechnical and academic skills in order to become the highly skilled, work-ready individuals employers and universities look for.BTEC Level 3 Nationals are vocational qualifi cations designed to help your learners succeed. They have been developed in collaboration with over 5,000 universities, employers and professional bodies with employability at the heart , so your learners can develop the skills and confi dence they will need to step into their future./BTECprogress17Guide/BTECprogress17Guide/BTECprogress17GuideYour new BTEC Level 3 Nationals qualifi cations take a unit-by-unitapproach and provide you learners with practical, work-related courses. They offer:Combination of assessment stylesLearners can demonstrate their knowledge, skills and understanding through work-related contexts. (see page 22 for details).Large foundation of mandatory unitsUniversities and employers have evidence of a consistent level of core knowledge and skills.Comprehensive supportWe’ve listened to feedback and put together our most comprehensive support package yet. (see pages 14–21 for details).The skills to succeed – the confi dence to progressWhat’s new© 123rf/Leung Cho PanFind out why Peter Jones and ourother ambassadors choose BTEC at/BTECprogress17Guide.Did you know…4 out of5 BTECstudents go on to© 123rf/Jeremy ReddingtonBusinessEnterprise and EntrepreneurshipYour BTEC Nationals business qualifi cations explainedBTEC Level 3 Nationals Business courses offer a fl exible range of qualifi cations that can be studied alongside other level 3 qualifi cations such as A levels or other BTEC Nationals as part of a largerprogramme of study, or as the main focus of study.They are designed for Post-16 Level 3 learners wishing to go on to further or higher level studyof the sector or directly to employment.All sizes attract UCAS points and are widely recognised by universities and employers.The following qualifi cations are available:Your BTEC Level 3 Nationals in the Business sector are available ina range of sizes and are Applied General qualifi cations.Find out moreThe following pages provide you with an overview of each course.For full details or to download your specifi cationsplease go to /BTECNats16and17Guide .The skills to succeed – the confi dence to progressFind out moreFor Teaching support see page 14 • For Assessment see page 22Download your specifi cation at: /BTECNatsBusiness16Guide .Information correct at time of publication – please see specifi cation for latest information.*please see specifi cation for details of all Optional Units available.Applied GeneralCertifi cate 180 GLHSame size as 0.5 A level Applied General Total units: 22 Mandatory UnitsAn introductionto the business sector through applied learning. Higher educationExtended Certifi cate 360 GLHSame size as 1 A level Applied General Total units: 43 Mandatory Units PLUS 1 Optional Unit*For learners who are interested in learningabout the business sector alongside other fi elds of study. It is designed to be taken as part of a programme of study that includes other appropriate BTEC Nationals or A Levels. Supports progression to: Higher educationFoundation Diploma 510 GLHSame size as 1.5 A levels Applied GeneralTotal units: 64 Mandatory UnitsPLUS 2 Optional Units* For learners looking to study business as aone-year, full-time course, or for those wishing to take it alongside another area of study as part of a two-year, full timeprogramme. Supports progression to: Higher education An ApprenticeshipExtended Diploma 1080 GLHSame size as 3 A levels Applied General Total units: 137 Mandatory UnitsPLUS 6 Optional Units* A two year, full-time course that meets entry requirements for learners who want to progress to: Higher education EmploymentHigher ApprenticeshipsThe skills to succeed – the confi dence to progressInfo I n c l u d e d inp e r f o r m a nc em e a s u r e si nE n g l a n d –s e ew e b s i t e f o rf u l l d e t a i l sDiploma 720 GLHSame size as 2 A levels Applied General Total units: 86 Mandatory UnitsPLUS 2 Optional Units* A Substantive part of a 16–19 study programme for learners who want a strong core of sector study. This programme may include other BTEC Nationals or A Levels. Supports progression to: Higher education Higher Apprenticeshipssee page 22Information correct at time of publication – please see specifi cation for latest information.*please see specifi cation for details of all Optional Units available.The skills to succeed – the confi dence to progressYour BTEC Level 3 Nationals in Enterprise and Entrepreneurship provide:fl exibility for your students to progress to larger-size qualifi cations or specialise opportunity for students to showcase their skills through practical assessments the underpinning knowledge and skills needed to meet industry requirementsI n c l u d e d inp e r f o r m a nc em e a s u r e si nE n g l a n d –s e ew e b s i t e f o rf u l l d e t a i l sCourse materialsBTEC Level 3 Nationals in Business have a comprehensive range of FREE course materials available to help with planning and teaching , as well as assessing and tracking progress of your learners.T eaching BTEC NationalsThe skills to succeed – the confi dence to progressAssess and TrackThere’s also a selection of resources designed to help you prepare for assessment and and track learner progress:Sample Assessment Materials Sample Marked Learner WorkAuthorisedAssignment Briefs Quality Assurance guidesmyBTEC progress trackingPlanWe’ve a bank of support materials designed to help you choose and plan the right course for your learners including:Specifi cations Sample Assessment Materials Delivery plansmyBTEC planning toolsAuthorisedAssignment Briefs Getting Ready to Teach free eventsTeachYou’ll also fi nd a wide range of teaching and learning materialsto help you deliver your course such as:Delivery guides Schemes of work Skills for Learning and Work Activity Sheets Training events Published resourcesFind out more• See page 19 for full details about free training events • Download your specifi cations at: /BTECNats16and17Guide .Published resources (Paid-for)We know it can be time-consuming and tricky to create lessons that work for each of your students, stretching the more able and supporting lower ability. That’s why our resources are built around established pedagogical principles, to give your students targeted support and help them improve their understanding and progress.This pedagogy runs through the:Student Book: features throughout help learners to build knowledge, understand how to excel in assessment, refl ect and evaluate learning, and link their learning to real-life workplace scenariosTeaching Pack: additional planning and delivery guidance, with supporting resources for use in class or for homework.Student books 1 and 2 with ActiveBookThere are two Student Books (Student Books 1 and 2)available for BTEC Nationals in Business.Help learners develop and apply principles andpractical knowledgeInclude preparation for assessmentEncourage self-evaluationAccompanied by an ActiveBook (online versionsof the Student Books)Also includes support for BTEC Level 3 Nationals in Enterprise and Entrepreneurshipunits 2, 3, 6 and 7.Business Teaching packs(via ActiveLearn Digital Service)Teaching packs are currently only available forBTEC Nationals in Business.Include online versions of each student bookProvide continuous support through planning and delivery All packs include a range of editable activity sheets,presentations and tools to structure lessons ‘e-learning’ packs also contain interactive activitiesideal for homework or independent learning Delivered through our ActiveLearn Digital Service at /ALDSRevision guides and workbooksThese revision resources are available forBTEC Nationals in Business.Revision Guide for classroom orindependent studyRevision Workbook to help learners totest their own knowledge and skillsActiveLearnDigital ServiceFind out moreDownload samples units and order evaluation copies at /BTECNats16and17Guide .Resources built around learning principles you can trustYou do not need to purchase any resources in oder to deliver these qualifi cations.MyBTECWe know that as a teacher workload can be an issue, that’s why to help you save time we have designed myBTEC, a unique free service that aims to reduce your admin workload.TrainingWe offer a range of events to help you in every aspect of planning, teaching and assessing your BTEC courses.To make it as easy as possible for you to benefi t from our training, many of our face-to-face events are available as online sessions , and you can request any of our events to be delivered as paid-for events in your centre.Our programme of events:make it easy for you to access BTEC training how, when and where you need it.offer qualifi cation-based and role-based courses so you can choose which event is right for you.are delivered by experts passionate about training.provide opportunities to share ideas and best practice .What’s more, our fl exible range of high quality training events not only support your delivery of BTEC courses, but also help towards your continued professional development .T eaching BTEC NationalsFind out moreBook onto one of our events at /BTECNatsTraining .The skills to succeed – the confi dence to progressAdmin supportNew to BTEC?If you’re thinking about teaching BTEC Nationals and want to know more about what’s involved and the support we can provide see our step-by-step guides at /stepbystepBTEC .We’ve included guidance on:How to get startedBuilding your BTEC teamQuality assuranceInternals assessment External assessmentAlready teaching BTEC?Remember you can fi nd detailed information about keySpecialist help and adviceYou also have access to specialist support and advice from our business subject advisor, Colin Leith.Colin will be happy to help with any questions you may have about your BTEC Level 3 Business qualifi cations.T eaching BTEC Nationals/BTECNats16and17Guide .Assessment and GradingTypes of assessmentYour BTEC Level 3 Nationals Business qualifi cations take a unit-by-unit approach and offer a combination of assessment styles.This gives your learners the opportunity to showcase their skills and apply their knowledge in an appropriate, work-related context, and provides evidence of what they can do when they apply to enter higher education or employment.GradingA learner’s fi nal qualifi cation grade refl ects their achievements across units in their BTEC Nationals course.Both internally and externally assessed units are individually graded, and each final unit grade is allocated points.Internally assessed units are marked and graded in the Centre (school, college or training provider) and subject to external verification by Pearson.Externally assessed units are marked and graded by Pearson.Units are graded Pass, Merit or Distinction, with externalunits also having a N grade in most Level 3 sectors.Total points scored across all units are used to calculatethe fi nal qualifi cation grade.The skills to succeed – the confi dence to progress (externally assessed) Set and marked by: PearsonFor written exams, learners draw on essential information to create written answers to practical questions in exam conditions. Learners demonstrate they can apply appropriate knowledge to a work- related challenge in timed conditions.(internally assessed)Set and marked by: Centre Verifi ed by: PearsonAssignments are practical tasks set in work-related scenarios that can be tailored to local industry needs for your learners. Learners demonstrate how they apply knowledge and skills to complete a practical project over a period of time, working individually or in groups.(externally assessed) Set and marked by: PearsonTasks are practicalwork-related scenarios completed in realistic, time-based situations. They are completed in controlled conditionsand some tasks havepre-released information. Learners demonstrate how to apply learning to common workplace or HE scenarios. Tasks provide evidence of a consistent standard of assessment for all BTEC learners.We’ve also developed a range of new BTEC Business qualifications for Level 1 and Level 2 learners.BTEC Level 2 TechnicalsDesigned to give post-16 learners real hands-on practical experience to master the skills they will need to succeed in their career or higher level study. Qualifi cations for business sectors include:Business Administration Business Enterprise Customer Service Operations Events Assistant Marketing Retail OperationsFor Level 2 post-16 learnersBTEC Level 1 Introductory qualifi cationsGraded, unit-based qualifi cations designed to developtransferable and sector skills so your post-16 learners can progress to further study, apprenticeships or training. BTEC Level 1 Introductory qualifi cations for business sectors include:Business Vocational StudiesFor Level 1 post-16 LearnersPearson Education Ltd is committed to reducing its impact on theenvironment by using responsibly sourced and recycled paper.P E U K 1271_a。
业务介绍英文版
业务介绍英文版**Introduction to Our Global Leading Cross-Border E-commerce Platform**In today's rapidly evolving global economy, cross-border e-commerce has emerged as a powerful force, driving international trade and connecting businesses with a worldwide customer base. At the forefront of this revolution is our global leading cross-border e-commerce platform, dedicated to providing seamless, secure, and efficient online shopping experiences for both buyers and sellers across the globe.Our platform is built on a robust technology infrastructure that ensures scalability, reliability, and data security. With a user-friendly interface and a wide range of features, it caters to the diverse needs of both individual consumers and corporate clients. Whether you're looking for high-quality products from around the world or want to expand your business reach into new markets, our platform offers a one-stop solution for all your cross-border e-commerce needs.One of the key strengths of our platform is its extensive product catalog, which includes millions of items from various categories like fashion, electronics, home decor, and more. With a focus on quality and authenticity, we ensure that all products listed on our platform meet stringent quality standards. This ensures that buyers can shop with confidence, knowing that they're getting the best products at competitive prices.For sellers, our platform offers a range of benefits that help them grow their businesses and expand their customer base. With a global reach, sellers can access a vast pool of potential customers, increasing their sales and profits. Our platform also provides sellers with advanced marketing tools and analytics, enabling them to better understand their target audience and optimize their sales strategies.In addition to our extensive product catalog andseller-friendly features, we also pride ourselves on our customer service. Our team of experienced professionals is always available to assist buyers and sellers with any questions or issues they may have. Whether you're lookingfor help with product selection, payment options, or shipping, our customer service team is ready to provide you with prompt and professional support.Moreover, we are constantly innovating and evolving to stay ahead of the competition. We invest heavily in research and development to introduce new features and functionalities that further enhance the user experience and drive the growth of cross-border e-commerce.In summary, our global leading cross-border e-commerce platform is the ideal choice for businesses and individuals looking to capitalize on the opportunities presented by the global e-commerce market. With our extensive product catalog, seller-friendly features, and exceptional customer service, we aim to create a world where buying and selling products across borders is seamless, secure, and efficient for everyone.**全球领先的跨境电商平台业务介绍**在当今快速发展的全球经济中，跨境电商已成为一股强大的力量，推动国际贸易的发展，连接全球各地的企业与客户。
功能标准 fs
功能标准 fs功能标准（FS）指的是为了实现软件或产品的功能要求而制定的一系列规定和要求。
下面是一份关于功能标准的简体中文写作样本，其中包含了1500个字的内容。
功能标准（FS）1.引言功能标准（FS）是为了明确软件或产品应具备的功能要求而制定的一套规范和要求。
本文档旨在帮助开发团队了解产品的功能范围和性能要求，以便他们能够根据这些标准进行设计、开发和测试。
2.定义2.1功能：指软件或产品实现的特定任务或目标。
2.2功能标准（FS）：指明确产品功能要求的一组规范和要求。
3.功能标准的编写3.1功能特性：对每个功能的相关特性进行详细描述，包括输入、输出和处理逻辑等。
3.2功能优先级：对每个功能进行优先级排序，以确定实现的顺序和重要性。
3.3可扩展性：确保软件或产品的功能可以根据需求进行扩展和调整。
3.4可靠性与稳定性：确保软件或产品在不同的运行环境下能够稳定可靠地运行。
3.5兼容性：确保软件或产品能够与不同的操作系统、设备和平台进行兼容。
3.6可用性：确保软件或产品易于使用和理解，以提供良好的用户体验。
3.7性能要求：设置软件或产品的性能指标，如响应时间、处理能力等。
3.8安全性：确保软件或产品的功能不会带来安全问题，并提供相应的安全防护措施。
3.9用户界面：确保软件或产品的用户界面简洁明了，并提供易于操作的功能和导航。
3.10文档要求：编写清晰易懂的文档，包括用户手册、安装指南等。
4.功能标准的实施4.1设计和开发：根据功能标准进行软件或产品的设计和开发，确保所有功能要求的实现。
4.2测试：根据功能标准编写测试用例，对软件或产品的功能进行验证和测试。
4.3验收与交付：根据功能标准进行软件或产品的验收测试，并最终交付给客户。
5.功能标准的管理5.1变更控制：对功能标准进行管理和跟踪，确保任何功能更改都得到适当的审批和记录。
5.2版本控制：维护功能标准的版本控制，以便能够追踪和管理功能定义的变化。
5.3更新和维护：根据实际需求，及时更新和维护功能标准，以确保其与软件或产品的最新版本保持一致。
企业 opportunity搜索指南说明书
SEARCHING FOR BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIESIn this guide, we will review the process of searching for business opportunities and provide tips on how to perform a successful search.ACCESSING THE BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY SEARCHT o search for Business Opportunities, click the blue “Search Business Opportunities” button on the CBA homepage.SEARCH OVERVIEWSee the number of listings that match yourset search parameters.Please note that if your search yields over 250 results, you will be unable to view the listings. If this is the case, you will need tofurtherrefine your search filters.Set up your search filters here, click on the title of the category to expand it and access those filters.Note: Property and construction filters do not apply to business opportunities, these categories will not show any filter optionswhen expandedUse the polygon tool to draw a search areaon the mapTIPS FOR USING SEARCH FILTERS TO REFINE YOUR SEARCH•When it comes to filters, sometimes "less is more"•After selecting or entering a filter click anywhere on the screen to submit. Results will update the map with each filter add ed•Multiple CBA IDs or Zip codes can be searched at the same time when separated by using commas.•If you are not getting results click the “Filters” button on the top to verify what filters have been applied, you may need t o remove or adjust some of the applied filters•Using certain fields (ex. “search tags”) may restrict your results to only listings in which the non-required data was or was not specifically entered in by fellow brokers and may result in missing listings that could also fit your client’s needsUNDERSTANDING YOUR SEARCH RESULTSClick to toggle between the map and satellite views Choose how you would like to sort your resultsY our search results appearhere.Click on alisting to expand into the individual listingview. Remove anyunwanted listings from your search by clicking the “X” to the right ofthe listingINDIVIDUAL LISTING VIEWE-mail this listingGenerate a report for this listingWhen you are done viewing the listing select “Back to Map” to return to your map view.Do not use the back arrow on your browser.After you have narrowed down your searchlistings,you can create a report. Use the“Create Report” butto n on the bottom leftcorner of the map to do so.When the “Create Report” pop-upappears,you will want to select the report typeyou would like to use. For businessor a Brief report.Once you have selected the report type youwould like to pull, you can choose how youwould like to customize it. Keep in mind whenselecting “For Clients”, the report will not showthe information for the listing agent.Once you have got your report set up the wayyou want it, you can choose to download thereport or e-mail it directly from the CBAwebsite on the bottom of the pop-up window.NOTE: There is a maximum of 50 listings perreport. If you have more than 50 listings,thesystem will generate multiple reports for you.SAVING YOUR SEARCHIf you know that you will use the same search filters frequently,atime-saving step would be to save your search filters. Y ou can dothis by selecting “Save Search” on the bottom left corner of thesearch map. This will store your search filters and allow you toperform a search quickly and access new results at any time.SAVED SEARCHESY ou can access your saved search at any time by selecting the“Saved Searches” button on the bottom left corner of the map.Once you do this a pop-up window will load your previously savedsearches.From this window, you can load your search to view any results thatmatch the saved search filters, and you can remove any searchesyou no longer need.SETTING UP HOT SHEETS TO RECEIVE E-MAIL ALERTSIf you would like to receive e-mail alerts for new listings that matchyour search filters, select “Save Search” on the bottom left corner ofthe map.When the pop-up window appears, you will then want to check the“Save as Hotsheet” button and select the timeframe when you’d liketo receive your hot sheet before selecting save!ACCESSING YOUR HOT SHEETST o access your saved hotsheets, youwill want to click the “Research andListings” tab on the top of thewebpage.From the Research and Listingsmenu,you will select “MarketingT ools”.From the marketing tools menu,youwill then select “Hot Sheets”YOUR HOT SHEETSOnce you’ve made your way to your hot sheet page,you will be able to see your full list of previously created hot sheets.For each hot sheet, you can edit search filters or remove the hot sheets when you no longer need them.。
英文版企业介绍信模板
[Company Name][Company Address][City, State, Zip Code][Email Address][Phone Number][Date][Recipient's Name][Recipient's Title][Company Name][Company Address][City, State, Zip Code]Dear [Recipient's Name],Subject: Introduction of [Company Name]I am writing to introduce [Company Name], a leading [industry/sector] company that has been at the forefront of [specific area of expertise or innovation] for [number] years. Our company is renowned for its commitment to excellence, innovation, and customer satisfaction, and we believe that our services/products could be of significant benefit to your esteemed organization.[Company Overview][Company Name] was established in [year of inception] with a vision to [briefly state the company's mission or purpose]. Since then, we have grown from a small startup to a [mention any significant milestones or growth] company, serving clients across [mention the main geographical regions or markets served].Our team is composed of [mention the number of employees or the composition of the team, e.g., industry experts, skilled professionals,etc.], all of whom are dedicated to delivering [mention the company's core value proposition or what sets them apart from competitors]. We have [mention any unique features, technologies, or methodologies that the company uses], which have enabled us to achieve [mention any notable achievements or recognitions].[Core Services/Products]At [Company Name], we offer a comprehensive range of [mention the main services/products], designed to meet the diverse needs of our clients. Here is an overview of our key offerings:1. [Service/Product 1]: [Provide a brief description of thisservice/product, highlighting its benefits and unique features.]2. [Service/Product 2]: [Repeat the process for the secondservice/product.]3. [Service/Product 3]: [Continue with the third service/product.]4. [Service/Product 4]: [Conclude with the fourth service/product.]Our services/products are designed to be [mention any additional qualities, such as customizable, scalable, etc.], ensuring that they can be tailored to fit the specific requirements of each client.[Clientele and Testimonials]We take pride in our diverse and satisfied clientele, which includes [mention any notable clients or industries served]. Our clients have consistently praised us for [mention any key strengths or qualities that clients appreciate, such as reliability, quality, customer service, etc.]. Here are a few testimonials from our esteemed clients:1. [Client's Name], [Company's Name]: “[Client's quote about the company's services/products and their experience.]”2. [Client's Name], [Company's Name]: “[Another client's quote.]”3. [Client's Name], [Company's Name]: “[Yet another client's quote.]”[Innovation and Continuous Improvement]Innovation is at the heart of everything we do at [Company Name]. We invest heavily in research and development to ensure that ourservices/products remain at the cutting edge of [mention theindustry/sector]. Our commitment to continuous improvement has allowed us to [mention any recent advancements, awards, or recognition].[Partnerships and Collaborations]We have formed strategic partnerships with [mention any key industry partners, suppliers, or associates], which have enabled us to expand our capabilities and offer our clients a wider range of solutions. These collaborations have also allowed us to stay abreast of the latest industry trends and developments.[Contact Information]Should you wish to discuss how [Company Name] can contribute to your organization's success, please do not hesitate to contact me at [your email address] or [your phone number]. I am looking forward to the opportunity to explore potential collaborations and partnerships.Thank you for considering [Company Name] as a partner. We look forward to the possibility of working together to achieve mutual success.Sincerely,[Your Full Name][Your Position][Company Name][Your Email Address][Your Phone Number][Enclosures: Any additional documents, such as brochures, case studies, or product specifications]。
英文公司业务介绍信模板
[Your Company Name][Company Address][City, State, ZIP Code][Email Address][Phone Number][Date][Recipient's Name][Recipient's Title][Company Name][Company Address][City, State, ZIP Code]Dear [Recipient's Name],Subject: Introduction to [Your Company's Name] and Our Business ServicesI hope this letter finds you well. It is with great pleasure that I introduce [Your Company's Name], a leading provider of [mention the primary industry or service your company operates in] solutions, to [Recipient's Company Name]. As [Your Company's Name] continues to expand our reach and offer exceptional services to our clients, we believe that a partnership with [Recipient's Company Name] would be mutually beneficial and contribute to the growth and success of both our organizations.[Your Company's Name] was established in [Year of Establishment] with a vision to [briefly state the company's mission or purpose]. Since then, we have grown to become a recognized name in the industry, thanks to our unwavering commitment to quality, innovation, and customer satisfaction. Our team of dedicated professionals is equipped with the latest technology and expertise to deliver [mention the primary services orproducts your company offers] that meet the evolving needs of our clients.Below, we provide a comprehensive overview of our business services and how we can assist [Recipient's Company Name] in achieving its goals:1. Core Services- [Service 1]: Our [Service 1] offerings are designed to [briefly describe what Service 1 does and its benefits]. With a focus on [mention any specific approach or technology used], we have helped numerous clients [mention any notable achievements or success stories].- [Service 2]: [Service 2] is at the heart of what we do. We understand the importance of [mention the key aspects of Service 2], and our solutions are tailored to [describe how your services address these aspects]. Our clients have seen [mention any benefits or outcomes] as a result of implementing our [Service 2].- [Service 3]: [Service 3] is another area where we excel. We provide [describe the services or solutions offered under Service 3], ensuring that our clients receive [mention the benefits or results]. Our expertise in this area has enabled us to [mention any significant achievements or client testimonials].2. Customization and FlexibilityAt [Your Company's Name], we recognize that each client has unique requirements. That's why we offer customized solutions that align with your specific needs and goals. Our team works closely with you to understand your business processes, challenges, and objectives, allowing us to deliver services that are not only effective but also adaptable to your evolving needs.3. Technology and InnovationWe stay at the forefront of technology to ensure that our clients receive cutting-edge solutions. Our investment in research and development allows us to introduce new tools and methodologies thatenhance efficiency, improve productivity, and drive innovation within your organization.4. Customer Support and SatisfactionCustomer satisfaction is our top priority. We provide comprehensive support throughout the duration of our partnership, ensuring that you receive the assistance you need to maximize the benefits of our services. Our dedicated customer support team is available to address any concerns, provide training, and offer guidance, ensuring a seamless experience.5. Testimonials and ReferencesWe are proud of the relationships we have built with our clients overthe years. Below are a few testimonials that highlight the success and satisfaction of our clients:- "Working with [Your Company's Name] has been a game-changer for our business. Their expertise and commitment to excellence have helped us achieve [mention any specific results or improvements]. I highly recommend their services to any organization looking to improve its [mention the relevant service or product]." – [Client Name], [Client Company Name]- "[Your Company's Name] has been an invaluable partner in our journeyto [mention any specific goal or challenge]. Their solutions are innovative, reliable, and tailored to meet our unique needs. I am confident that they will continue to be a valuable asset to our organization." – [Client Name], [Client Company Name]6. Partnership OpportunitiesWe are eager to explore potential partnership opportunities with [Recipient's Company Name]. By combining our expertise and resources, we can offer a comprehensive suite of services that will help you achieve your business objectives. Here are a few ways we can collaborate:- Joint Marketing Initiatives: We can work together to promote our respective services and products to a wider audience, increasing brand visibility and market share.- Coordinated Sales Efforts: By aligning our sales strategies, we can offer a more robust and diverse solution set to our clients, leading to increased sales and cross-selling opportunities.- Customized Solutions Development: We can collaborate on the development of new services or products that address specific needs identified by [Recipient's Company Name] and our shared clients.We would be delighted to schedule a meeting at your earliest convenience to discuss these opportunities in more detail and explore how a partnership with [Your Company's Name] can benefit [Recipient's Company Name]. Please let us know a convenient time for you, and we will make the necessary arrangements.In the meantime, we invite you to visit our website at [Your Company's Website URL] to learn more about our services and success stories. Should you have any questions or require further information, please do not hesitate to contact me at [Your Email Address] or [Your Phone Number].Thank you for considering [Your Company's Name] as a potential partner. We look forward to the possibility of working together and contributing to the continued growth and success of [Recipient's Company Name].Warm regards,[Your Full Name][Your Position][Your Company's Name][Email Address][Phone Number]cc: [Any Additional Recipients]---Please note that this template is a general guide and should be customized to fit the specific details and services of your company.Additionally, ensure that you adhere to any formatting or branding guidelines required by your company.。
2016 FSEC商业逻辑方案(Business Logic Case)
从 2014 中国大学生方程式汽车大赛开始，所有的参赛队伍需要在比赛前 6~9 个月提交 一份全新的整合了商业营销和设计理念的报告。这份报告（被命名为商业逻辑方案）对于车 队而言这并不是一项繁琐的任务，它将协助车队按照一个完整的系统方案进行运作。该报告 要求车队制定整车设计理念，该设计理念需充分考虑车辆性能、成本和市场目标等因素。为 了使学生从中最大限度受益，该工作应在设计工作开始之前完成。
目标每年利润（人民币）
例如. 223,000 例如. 217,000
例如. 50 例如. 300,000
(车队认为为实现战略成功需达到的其他关键目标)
车辆策略和性能
填写你的车辆性能分析情况或标杆管理得出的为了达到目标价格和销售数量而制定的多方面的车辆性 能的指标.。 广义的车辆设计理念；比功率（功率/质量）。
高效的设计与制造计划
对性能导向设计与成本导向设计进行权衡。概述产品的初始理念，该理念将贯彻到产品细节设计中，从 而使产品的目标性能、价格以及盈利能力得以实现。概括结论和理由。
关键设计特征
关键性能目标
底盘/车身形式
例如 单体壳；钢管
0-75 米加速时间（s）
动力总成形式
例如 内燃机 /电动机
赛车的最大侧向加速度（g）
确定初始的设计理念并完善要实现的整车目标这些包括总成本目标潜在销售对象主要的性能和操控目标项目进行的时间计划等从制定的设计理念和相关的目标开始你的设计并能意识到随后的过程中权衡是必要的工作但是如果你没有拟定整个的设计理念和计划你将不能掌控你的项目与落实你的工作进度
fs 功能标准
fs 功能标准
FS（功能规范）是指软件开发过程中定义和描述系统或软件所需功能的标准文档。
它通常由需求分析师、产品经理或系统设计师编写，并与项目相关人员共享和审查。
FS的主要目的是确保开发团队和利益相关者对系统或软件的功能有一个明确的理解。
它包含了对每个功能的详细描述，包括输入、输出、预期行为和任何相关约束条件。
以下是FS通常包含的内容：
1. 功能概述：对整个系统或软件的功能进行总体描述，包括主要目标和核心功能。
2. 功能列表：列出所有需要实现的功能，每个功能都有一个独立的标识符和标题。
3. 功能描述：对每个功能进行详细描述，包括输入、输出、操作流程、预期结果等。
4. 功能优先级：根据业务需求和重要性确定每个功能的优先级，以便在开发过程中进行合理的调度。
5. 约束条件：列出任何与功能实现相关的限制、要求或前提条件，例如硬件要求、安全性要求等。
6. 用例场景：提供一些示例场景，以帮助开发人员更好地理解功能的使用情境。
7. 非功能性需求：除了功能之外，还包括性能、可靠性、安全性等方面的需求。
8. 接口需求：描述系统与其他系统或组件之间的接口要求，如API、文件格式等。
9. 测试需求：定义测试用例和验证方法，以确保每个功能都能正确实现和运行。
编写完整且清晰的FS对于开发团队和利益相关者来说非常重要。
它可以帮助开发人员准确理解需求，避免功能误解或遗漏，并为项目管理提供参考依据。
同时，FS也为软件测试和验收提供了明确的目标和标准。
商业介绍信英语格式模板
[Your Title][Your Company Name][Company Address][City, State, ZIP Code][Email Address][Phone Number][Date][Recipient's Name][Recipient's Title][Recipient's Company Name][Company Address][City, State, ZIP Code]Subject: Introduction of [Your Company Name] to [Recipient's Company Name]Dear [Recipient's Name],I am writing to introduce [Your Company Name], a leading [industry or service type] provider, to [Recipient's Company Name]. As a company that has been at the forefront of [industry or service type] for [number of years], we believe that our expertise, innovative solutions, and commitment to excellence make us a valuable partner for your esteemed organization.[Your Company Name] was established in [year of establishment] with a vision to [briefly state the company's mission or purpose]. Since then, we have grown to become one of the most respected names in the industry, serving a diverse range of clients across [list any relevant regions or markets].Below, we provide a detailed overview of our company, our services, and our achievements to date:Company Overview:- Established in: [Year of Establishment]- Headquarters: [Location of Headquarters]- Employees: [Number of Employees]- Revenue: [Current Revenue or Expected Revenue]- Ownership: [Ownership Structure]Core Values:At [Your Company Name], we are guided by the following core values:1. Innovation: We are committed to driving innovation and delivering cutting-edge solutions to our clients.2. Quality: We prioritize quality in all aspects of our work, ensuring that our clients receive the best possible service.3. Integrity: We operate with the highest level of integrity, maintaining transparency and honesty in all our business dealings.4. Client-Centric: We focus on understanding our clients' needs and providing tailored solutions to help them achieve their goals.Services Offered:[Your Company Name] offers a comprehensive range of services designed to meet the diverse needs of our clients. These include:1. [Service 1 Description]: Our [Service 1] is tailored to [briefly describe the benefits or applications].2. [Service 2 Description]: We specialize in [Service 2], providing[list any unique features or benefits].3. [Service 3 Description]: Our [Service 3] is designed to [briefly describe the purpose or benefits].4. [Additional Services Description]: In addition to our core services, we also offer [list any other services].Our Approach:We take a consultative approach to our clients' needs, ensuring that we fully understand their goals and challenges. Our team of experts works closely with clients to develop customized solutions that deliver measurable results. We believe in:- Collaboration: Working together with our clients to achieve their objectives.- Transparency: Keeping our clients informed throughout the project lifecycle.- Flexibility: Adapting to changing circumstances to ensure the best possible outcome.Achievements:Over the years, [Your Company Name] has achieved numerous milestones, including:- [Achievement 1]: [Briefly describe the achievement or award received].- [Achievement 2]: We have successfully completed [number of projects or contracts].- [Achievement 3]: Our clients have seen [list any quantifiable improvements or benefits].- [Additional Achievements]: [List any other notable achievements or recognition].Testimonials:To give you a better understanding of our work, we have included some testimonials from our satisfied clients:- “[Client Name], [Company Name] – 'We have been working with [Your Company Name] for several years and are consistently impressed withtheir expertise and commitment to delivering high-quality results. Their team has become an extension of our own, and we look forward to continuing our partnership.'”- “[Client Name], [Company Name] – '[Your Company Name]'s innovative solutions have helped us stay ahead of the competition. Their attention to detail and customer service are second to none.'”Why Choose [Your Company Name]?- Experience: With [number of years] in the industry, we have the experience and expertise to deliver exceptional results.- Innovation: We are committed to innovation, providing our clients with the latest technologies and solutions.- Client-Centric: Our focus is on understanding and meeting our clients' needs, ensuring their success.- Reputation: We have an established reputation for delivering high-quality services and building long-lasting relationships.We would be honored to discuss how [Your Company Name] can contribute to the success of [Recipient's Company Name]. Please feel free to contact me at [Your Phone Number] or [Your Email Address] to schedule a meeting or discuss any further details.Thank you for considering [Your Company Name] as a potential partner. We look forward to the opportunity to collaborate and create value for your organization.Sincerely,[Your Name][Your Title][Your Company Name][Email Address][Phone Number]。
商业英语教程第二课：介绍业务伙伴1
商业英语教程English For Business第⼆课：介绍业务伙伴Lesson 2: Meet The Team各位听众朋友好，欢迎您收听澳洲⼴播电台中⽂部为您编播制作的“商业英语教程”节⽬，我是主持⼈马健媛。
这套节⽬由澳⼤利亚维多利亚州多元⽂化成⼈教育中⼼AMES编写。
在上⼀课中我们学习了如何向初次见⾯的业务伙伴简明扼要地介绍⾃⼰的职务和职责，另外我们还学习了当别⼈将您的姓名念错时我们应该如何委婉地去更正。
在今天的课程中，我们将要学习⼀些商务交谈中常⽤的缩略语、领略⼀下澳⼤利亚⼈的幽默感，另外我们还要学习如何和他⼈展开对话。
不过在开始学习新的内容之前，让我们先复习⼀遍我们上⼀课学过的对话内容，看看您还记得多少呢？Harvey: Testing…are we on? Yes. OK. My name is Harvey Judd, I’m the Chief Purchasing Officer with Hale and Hearty Foods. I’m responsible for finding new products for the company to sell. Today I’m going to introduce to you my colleagues in the International department; that is if I can get anyone to speak to me, everyone’s so flat out…Harvey: Ah, there’s Victoria. Hi, Vicky.Victoria: Hello Harvey. Goodbye Harvey.Harvey: Please, Vicky.Victoria: Harvey, I prefer Victoria, if that’s OK.Harvey: Oh sure, sorry. If you could just give your name, your title and a description of what you do…Victoria: Oh, is this for tomorrow? Harvey: It’s for our promotion at the Beverage Fair, yes.Victoria: OK. My name’s Victoria Song. I’m Assistant International PR Manager. I establish and maintain relationships with our overseas partners.Harvey: Thanks, Victoria. Ah here’s Douglas. Excuse me, Douglas would you mind giving a brief description of your position?Douglas: For goodness sakes Harvey, it’s Monday morning!Harvey: Yes, Douglas. It’s for the display at the Beverage Fair tomorrow. It won’t take a minute, If you could just give your name, your title and a description of what you do.Douglas: Oh, I see. My name is Douglas Hale. I’m the CEO of the company. I’m responsible for overseeing all local and international operations.Harvey: Thanks, Douglas.以上就是我们在第⼀课中所学习过的内容，不是很难，对不对？好，现在就让我们开始第⼆课的内容。
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功能安全应用及管理体系认证
功能安全人员培训
测试 / 分析
应用
功能安全工程师
咨询
管理体系 基础培训 咨询
研讨会
咨询
应用领域: 工业机器, 过程工业, 石油石化, 电厂, 核电站 etc
8
TÜV功能安全工程师资质培训
TÜV 功能安全工程师课程
全球颁发超过 5.000 张 TÜV 功能安全工程师资质证书
根据主检的结果提供测试报告
16
颁发证书
阶 段 3: 颁发证书 (可选)
基于测试报告，德国莱茵 TÜV 颁发证书
根据相关标准，FS认证标识证明产品与标准的符合性
17
FS Products
德国莱茵TÜV社会责任
德国莱茵TÜV致力于为遭受自然灾害 影响的地区提供及时和长期的支持， 我们确保持续地改善他们的生存及学 习条件
检查及评估安全概念 根据概念评估的结果出具报告
15
主检阶段
阶 段 2: 主 检
- 测试所有的安全相关的功能，功能性的和最坏情况分析（软硬件） - 检测和控制故障的验证(故障插入测试），FMEDA的验证与执行 - 软件验证测试的评审（模块，集成测试，系统测试） - 对开发过程中创建的产品文档评审（设计文档，测试、验证、审核记录） - 安全相关的可靠性数据的定义及计算 (SIL CL, PL, PFD/PFH, SFF etc.) - 电气安全的测试 - 环境测试(incl. EMC) - 用户文档的检查（安装，操作手册，安全手册）
概念评估
评估和检查安全概念 出具概念评估报告 阶段2
主检
功能、安全和环境测试 阶段3 出具测试报告
颁证
为测试产品发证 证书
14
FS Products
概念评估阶段
阶 段 1: 概念评估
- 检查并评审产品需求规范和安全设计概念 - 在产品各个生命周期阶段，尤其在开发过程中（质量管理），检查并评估故障避 免措施的计划 - 编辑并评估检测和控制故障需采取的措施（诊断）FMEDA, 评价是否安全完整 等级能够达到预期的目的 - 文件系统的审核（设计和质量管理） - 电气安全，电磁兼容，环境测试需求的定义 - 为主检阶段出具项目计划
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功能安全部门的主要任务
应用在 安全相关 应用领域 ，需要高安全、高可靠性、高质量要求 的电子电气产品测试.
设 备:
- 有 / 无软件 - 零部件及系统 设备功能的失效不能导致对人或环境的危害
原 则:
功能安全 / Functional Safety
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功能安全服务介绍
功能安全服务内容
FS 产品认证
TÜV莱茵青岛
1988
TÜV莱茵香港
1994
TÜV莱茵广州
2007
TÜV莱茵无锡
1989
TÜV莱茵上海
2002
TÜV莱茵宁波
1986
TÜV莱茵台湾
1995
TÜV莱茵北京
2007
台湾杜夫莱茵
3
德国莱茵TÜV大中华区
4
功能安全业务部门介绍
德国莱茵TÜV 集团
工业服务部
交通服务
产品服务
健康保健
培训与咨询
TÜV Rheinland Industrie Service
功能安全业务介绍
Functional Safety Business Introduction
莱茵检测认证服务（中国）有限公司 Mr. 吴永刚 : +86-10-65666660-120 Fax: yonggang.wu@
1
德国莱茵TÜV 集团介绍
全球服务
做为国际知名的跨国集团，我们提供质量、安全 评估及认证服务
- 成立于 1872 / 德国 科隆 - 62个国家360个地区 - 员工超过 15000 - 6 大业务领域 - 38个业务分支，超过2.500种服务
2
德国莱茵TÜV大中华区
1993
TÜV莱茵深圳
2001
体系服务
能源系统 – 自动化
能源系统
自动化 功能安全
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功能安全业务 – 全球
功能安全 / Functional Safety
FS 产品认证
功能安全应用及管理体系认证
功能安全人员培训
莱茵TÜV 德国
莱茵TÜV 北美
莱茵TÜV 意大利
莱茵TÜV 中国
莱茵TÜV 日本
应用领域: 工业机器, 过程工业, 石油石化, 电厂, 核电站 etc.
Denmark
United Kingdom Germany Netherlands Italy China Mexico India Brazil Malaysia Singapore Japan
Argentina
Australia
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功能安全产品认证
TÜV 功能安全产品认证
认证标识 “Functional Safety FS” 是产品认证标识, 针对功能 安全相关应用的产品。这些产品应根据相关的产品标准设计， 并且考虑功能安全标准（包括IEC62061 和 IEC 61508等）
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功能安全能力中心
全球功能安全培训日程安排 TÜV 功能安全工程师列表 取得TÜV FS 标识产品的查询 功能安全产品列表及其安全相关参数 功能安全活动信息 … etc
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认证与产品研发应并行
阶段1
型式认证可以证明产品符合 相关产品的标准要求， 以及可以应用的安全目标。
四川-汶川地震捐款
四川,云南象脚水等3座新 希望小学
资助受台风莫拉克袭击的 受难者
青海玉树地震捐款
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德国莱茵TÜV FS客户
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
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Q&A
Any Questions?
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Thanks
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- 硬件/软件-设计 - 安全仪表系统 - 工业机器 IEC 61508 IEC 61511 ISO 13849/IEC 62061
- 道路车辆– 系统设计 ISO 26262
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功能安全管理体系认证
功能安全管理体系认证
- 功能安全管理体系 / FSM - 帮助建立功能安全管理体系
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功能安全管理体系认证 – 全球