上海市浦东新区2018届高三生命科学上学期期末教学质量检测试题
上海市浦东新区高三下学期教学质量检测(二模)生命科学
上海市浦东新区2018届高三下学期教学质量检测（二模）生命科学第Ⅰ卷（共40分）一、选择题（共40分，每小题2分。
每小题只有一个正确答案）1.图1表示某化学键的结构式，则含有该键的化合物可能是A.ATPB.抗体C.DNAD.磷脂2.大豆营养成分鉴定实验结果见表1，据表可知大豆中含有的主要营养成分有试剂碘液班氏试剂双缩脲试剂苏丹Ⅲ颜色变化棕黄色浅蓝紫色橘红色A.蛋白质B.还原性糖C.蛋白质、脂肪D.还原性糖、脂肪3.图2所示的细胞最可能是A.颤藻细胞B.神经细胞C.浆细胞D.菠菜叶肉细胞4.下列不属于RNA功能的是A.生物催化剂B.染色体的组成成分C.翻译的模板D.某些病毒的遗传物质5.图3是低倍镜下的蚕豆叶下表皮保卫细胞长度测量的局部视野。
下列相关叙述正确的是A.先换高倍镜，再将待测的保卫细胞移至视野中央B.换高倍镜后，使用细调节器调节图像清晰度C.图中的显微测微尺为物镜测微尺D.图中所测保卫细胞实际长度约为4.0μm6.某同学的父亲是B型血，母亲是AB型血，那么该同学的血型不可能是A.O型B.A型C.B型D.AB型7.图4表示巨噬细胞的吞噬作用与细胞内消化过程。
此过程不能体现细胞膜结构和功能的是A.流动性B.细胞识别C.胞吞胞吐D.主动运输8.“观察抗生素对微生物的抑制作用”实验中，操作不合理的是A.选用液体培养基B.用涂布法接种C.培养基高压灭菌D.倒置培养9.图5表示细胞内有机物的有氧分解，其中①〜③表示生理过程，甲、乙表示物质。
下列相关叙述正确的是A.甲表示H+B.过程①为三羧酸循环C.过程②发生在线粒体内膜D.过程③产生大量能量10.冰桶挑战赛旨在为渐冻人治疗募款，当冰水浇在挑战者身上时，机体会立即发生一系列生理反应维持体温稳定。
此时，机体不会发生的反应是A.体温调节中枢兴奋B.皮肤血管收缩C.肾上腺素分泌增加D.甲状腺素分泌减少11.图6表示细胞周期，下列相关叙述正确的是A.a→a为一个细胞周期B.a→b过程中有DNA复制C.b→c过程中有中心体复制D.c→d过程中有转录、翻译12.某种物质可使DNA双链不能解开，若在细胞正常生长的培养液中加入适量的该物质，该物质不会阻断的细胞生理过程是①DNA复制②转录③翻译A.①B.①②C.③D.②③13.图7为某二倍体动物（2n=4)—个正在进行分裂的细胞，下列相关叙述正确的是A.含4条染色单体B.同源染色体正在分离C.是次级精母细胞D.其子细胞仅一个具有生殖功能14.草原物种多样性可用样方法调查，下列做法正确的是①在植物密集处选取样方地②根据植物密度确定样方面积③统计样方内物种数④统计样方内每种植物的个体数A.①③B.②④C.②③④D.①②④15.图8是细胞内两条联会的染色体（字母表示基因），据图分析该细胞发生的变异属于A.染色体易位B.染色体倒位C.基因重组D.染色单体交换16.图9为太平洋岛屿鸟类的分布情况，甲岛分布着S、L两种鸟，乙岛的鸟类是S鸟的迁移后代，下列相关叙述错误的是A.甲岛所有的鸟类称为一个种群B.可遗传变异为乙岛鸟类进化提供了可能C.乙岛的鸟类与S鸟可能具有生殖隔离D.甲、乙岛的自然条件决定了鸟类的进化方向17.2017年11月27日，世界上首个体细胞克隆猴在上海诞生。
上海市浦东新区2018届高三英语上学期期末教学质量检测试题
上海市浦东新区2018届高三英语上学期期末教学质量检测试题第一卷Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension（25 分）Section A – Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the endof each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and thequestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, readthe four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the questionyou have heard.1. A. In a gym. B. In a shoe-repair shop.C. In a department store.D. At a track.2. A. $200. B. $400.C. $250.D. $500.3. A. Take classes. B. Find a job.C. Learn more.D. Get ready for the next term.4. A. To leave her a message with her roommate. B. To solve a problem in his homework.C. To talk with her roommate.D. To ask about his homework.5. A. He likes physics. B. His physics is the best in the class.C. He is working hard at physics.D. His physics is very poor in theclass.6. A. A sportsman. B. A doctor.C. A news reporter.D. A game designer.7. A. Unforgettable. B. Impressive.C. Pleasant.D. Disappointing.8. A. Coins and banknotes. B. Weights and measures.C. Shapes and areas.D. Volumes and sizes.9. A. It’s too crowded and he can’t breathe very well. B. The next stop is the terminal station.C. The next stop is their stop.D. A lot of people get off at thenext stop.10. A. The Parking places are very far away. B. He had no problem finding the park.C. There is enough parking space.D. He isn’t very good at parkingthe car.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and youwill be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and theconversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear aquestion, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer tothe question you have heard.Question 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. The driver took the wrong route. B. He missed his flight.第 1 页/ 共12 页C. He failed to get to the airport. D. His taxi got stuck in a traffic jam.12. A. One of the wings caught fire. B. The plane encountered a strong storm.C. There was something wrong with the engine.D. The hijacker forced the captainto do so.13. A. He had forgotten to lock his front door. B. He had lost his keys to the front door.C. He had left his luggage in the taxi.D. He had picked up the wrongsuitcase.Question 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Women now want to be car repairwomen instead of teachers.B. Women tend to do jobs that are traditionally intended for men.C. More girls are choosing fixed jobs in Scotland.D. British women choose non-traditional jobs more than women in other countries.15. A. Because women see many job opportunities on TV.B. Because women feel car repairing is cool on TV.C. Because women are influenced by their stars on TV.D. Because women are told about job choices by career officers on TV.16. A. Britain needs more women to do non-traditional jobs.B. The media should call for women to do non-traditional jobs.C. British women have taken up too many traditional jobs for men.D. The change in men’s attitudes is not important for women job choices. Question 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. For ten years. B. For nine years. C. For eight years. D. For one year.18. A. She is more concentrated on her career. B. She is not sure about the marriage.C. She’s holding hatred against Frank.D. She’s not comfortable with childrenaround.19. A. Keeping persuading Claire. B. Give up and compromise.C. Fight harder with Claire.D. Give Claire some time.20. A. They have just been to Hawaii for a holiday.B. They cannot reach an agreement on having a baby.C. They are planning to get a divorce.D. They are trying to overcome career crisis.Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary（20 分）Section ADirections: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word. For the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.As a young child, Ann Makosinski would spend hours experimenting with her toys and othereveryday objects around her to create her own inventions.Now a first-year Arts student, Makosinski is a well-known inventor and entrepreneur （创业者）.She won the 2015 Sustainable Entrepreneurship Award of Excellence, ___21___ recognizesinnovative business solutions to social problems—the same recognition given to Barack Obama in2014. Her own inventions, the Hollow Flashlight and the e-Drink, have been causing excitementinternationally ___22___ their creation.At the age of 15, Makosinski created a prototype（原型）for a flashlight ___23___（power）第 2 页/ 共12 页by the heat of one’s hand. This invention was the result of a ninth grade science project, butMakosinski’s goal was ___24___（offer）a practical solution to people with unlimited access topower and electricity.“I’m half-Filipino and half-Polish, and one of my friends from the Philippines told me that shefailed school ___25___ she couldn’t afford electricity. She had no light to study with at night, sothat was kind of the inspiration,”Makosinski explained.“I’ve always been interested in doingscience projects, so I thought, why don’t I find a way to provide her and a lot of other people withlight?”The Hollow Flashlight is made from Peltier tiles（珀耳贴贴片）that produce energy when oneside ___26___（heat）and the other side remains cool. The flashlight can produce a steady beamof LED light for 20 minutes. ___27___（use）only the warmth of the human hand.Her advice to other student innovators?“Start now. There ___28___ be nothing holding youback. Some students at colleges or even in high school think‘Oh, I’m a student. I just need to study.’___29___ may think it important to make friends and be social. The truth is, you can do a lot ofother things. You can do ___30___ you want. Just go ahead.”Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beused once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. potentiallyB. filmedC. droppedD. commonlyE. treatsF. sympathyG. sensitiveH. eyebrowI. domesticatedJ. selectionK. confidentPuppy Dog Eyes Are for the Benefits of HumansDogs make puppy dog eyes for the benefit of humans and rarely use the pleasing facialexpression when on their own, a new study has shown.It has long been assumed that animal facial expressions are involuntary and dependent onemotional state rather than a way to communicate.But scientists at the University’s Dog Cognition Centre at Portsmouth University have foundthat dogs mostly use facial expressions when humans are present, as a direct response to attention.Puppy dog eyes, in which the ___31___ is raised to make the eyes appear wider and sadder, wasfound to be the most ___32___ used expression in the study. Researchers do not know whether thedogs are aware they look sadder, or have just learned that widening their eyes invites ___33___ andaffection in humans.Dog cognition expert Dr Juliane Kaminski: “We can now be ___34___ that the production offacial expressions made by dogs are dependent on the attention state of their audience and are notjust a result of dogs being excited.”“In our study they produced far more expressions when someone was watching, but seeingfood ___35___ did not have the same effect.”“The findings appear to support evidence dogs are ___36___ to humans’attention and thatexpressions are ___37___ active attempts to communicate, not simple emotional displays.”Theresearchers studied 24 dogs of various breeds, aged one to 12. All were family pets. Each dog wastied by a lead a metre away from a person, and the dogs’faces were ___38___ throughout a rangeof exchanges, from the person being oriented towards the dog, to being distracted and with her bodyturned away from the dog.第 3 页/ 共12 页They found that when a human was not watching the animal, they ___39___ facial expressions.Dr Kaminski said it is possible that dogs’ expressions have evolved as they were ___40___.“Domestic dogs have a unique history –they have lived alongside humans for 30,000 years andduring that time selection pressures seem to have acted on dogs’ability to communicate with us, ”shesaid.Ⅲ. Reading comprehension（45 分）Section ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When I was a child of seven years old, my friends, on a holiday, filled my pocket with coppers.I went at once to a shop where they sold toys for children. Being ___41___ with the sound of awhistle that I had seen by the way, in the hands of another boy, I handed over all my money for one.I then came home, and went whistling all over the house, much pleased with my whistle, but___42___ all the family. My brothers and sisters and cousins, when I told of the ___43___ I hadmade, said I had given four times as much as the whistle was worth. They put me in mind of whatgood things I might have bought with the rest of the money, and laughed at me so much for my follythat I cried with vexation(烦恼). Thinking about the matter gave me more ___44___ than the whistlegave me pleasure.___45___, this was afterwards of use to me, for the impression continued on my mind, so thatoften, when I was ___46___ to buy something I did not need, I said to myself, “Don’t give too muchfor the whistle, ” and I saved my money. As I grew up, came into the world, and ___47___ theactions of men, I thought I met with many, very many, who “gave too much for the whistle.”If I knew a miser（守财奴）who ___48___ every kind of comfortable living, all the pleasureof doing good to others, all the esteem of his fellow citizens and the joys of friendship, ___49___gathering and keeping wealth--- “Poor man,” said I, “ you pay too dear for your whistle.” When Imet a man of pleasure, who did not try to improve his mind or his fortune but ___50___ devotedhimself to having a good time, perhaps neglecting his health, “ Mistaken man, you are providing___51___ for yourself, instead of pleasure; you are paying too dear for your whistle.” If I sawsomeone fond of ___52___ who has fine clothes, fine houses, fine furniture, fine earrings, all abovehis ___53___, and for which he had run into debt, and ends his career in a prison. “Alas,” said I, “hehas paid dear, very dear, for his whistle.” ___54___, the miseries of mankind are largely due to theirpuffing a(n) ___55___ value on things --- to giving “too much for their whistle.”41. A. faced B. charmed C. sympathized D. provided42. A. disturbing B. attracting C. entertaining D. confusing43. A. trouble B. attempt C. choi c e D. bar gain44. A. satisfaction B. relief C. annoyance D. stress45. A. Moreover B. Therefore C. However D. Indeed46. A. tempted B. determined C. forced D. persuaded47. A. took B. observed C. ad mir e d D.fo l l owe d48. A. turned against B. gave up C. cared about D. relied on49. A. in case of B. instead of C. for the sake of D. in terms of50. A. merely B. similarly C. strangely D. positively 第 4 页/ 共12 页51. A. inconvenience B. burden C. frustrationD. pain52. A. appearance B. wealth C. comforts D. necessities53. A. demand B. fortune C. standard D. value54. A. As a result B. By contrast C. On average D. In short55. A. unexpected B. great C. false D. extra Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）When you think about coffee alternatives, garlic is probably one of the last things that comes tomind, but that is exactly the ingredient that one Japanese inventor used to create a drink that looksand tastes like coffee.74-year-old Yokitomo Shimotai, a coffee shop owner in Aomori Prefecture, Japan, claims thathis unique “garlic coffee”is the result of a cooking blunder he made over 30 years ago, when heburned a steak and garlic while waiting tables at the same time. Intrigued by the scorched ga rlic’saroma, he mashed it up with a spoon and mixed it with hot water. The resulting drink looked andtasted a lot like coffee. Making a mental note of his discovery, Yokimoto carried on with his job,and only started researching garlic coffee again after he retired.Committed to turning his weird drink into a commercial product, Yokitomo Shimotai spent yearsoptimizing the formula, and about five years ago, he finally achieved a result he was satisfied with.To make his dissolvable garlic grounds, he roasts the cloves in an electric oven, and, after they’vecooled off, smashes them into fine particles and packs them in dripbags.“My drink is probably the world’s first of its kind,”the garlic coffee inventor told Kyodo News.“It contains no caffeine so it’s good for those who would like to drink coffee at night or pregnantwomen.”“The bitterness of burned garlic apparently helps create the coffee-likeflavor,” Shimotai adds.He claims that, although his garlic coffee does give off an aroma of roasted garlic, it doesn’t causebad breath, because the garlic is thoroughly cooked. And if you can get past the smell, the drinkapparently does taste a lot like actual coffee.If decaf isn’t good enough for you, and you’re in the mood for something new, you can tryYokitomo Shimotai’s garlic coffee at his shop, in the city of Ninohc, Iwate Prefecture, or buy yourown dripbags for just 324 yen（$2.8）.56. Which word is the closest in meaning to the underlined word“blunder”in the second paragraph?A. mistakeB. showC. mixtureD. brand57. Who is not suitable to drink garlic coffee?A. A woman bearing a baby.B. A student having trouble with sleep.C. A cleaner working on a day shift.D. A young lady sick of garlic.58. Which of the following is not characteristic of garlic coffee?第 5 页/ 共12 页A. It is caffeine-free.B. Garlic powder dissolves in water.C. The burnt garlic creates bitterness.D. It is an improvement on a garlic dish.59. Which of the following can be used to describe Yokitomo Shimotai?A. venturous and greedyB. innovative and perseverantC. hardworking and cautiousD. observant and helpful（B）How an advertisement is put togetherWhen you read an advertisement there are many factors you should consider, including: target audiencebrand namessloganspictures and colourspecial offers/couponsemotive/persuasive vocabularyTarget audienceAdvertisers aim particular products at different groups of people according to age, sex, social classand interests. They will often make assumptions about people and label or stereotype them.Who do you think these products would be aimed at: nappies, diamonds, mint chocolates, sportscars?What kind of products would be aimed at these people: teenagers, 25-year-old single men, 40-year-old working mums?Brand namesBrand names are chosen carefully. They can suggest particular lifestyles, values or interests and areintended to appeal to the target audience.Nissan Primera: this suggests quality. Primera is similar to premium and premier. Ford Ka: the spelling of Ka suggests novelty and simplicity. It is modern and futuristic. It is alsobound to stick in your mind when you are looking for a new car!SlogansA slogan has to be catchy and memorable. Slogans use a range of devices: alliteration, repetition,puns, questions, personal pronouns and humour.Have a break. Have a Kit Kat. RepetitionThe totally tropical taste. AlliterationPicture and colourAll pictures try to make you feel something and most are biased, even photographs. They create aview of what the world is like using different tricks such as lighting and colour. Different colours have different associations that can be linked to particular products.Yellow: freshness, sunlight, lemons. This colour would be good for advertising washing up liquid.Green: countryside, natural, healthy. What would you use this colour for ?第 6 页/ 共12 页What do you associate these colours with: red, black, orange, gold, blue?Special offers/couponsAdvertisers often appear to offer something for nothing’: if you buy one product you will receiveanother one free or half price. These offers are incentive to try a new product or to encourage loyaltyto an existing one.Emotive/persuasive vocabularyIn advertising you will find lots of words and phrases that are intended to persuade you or appeal toyour emotions.mouthwatering silky free chocolateromantic creamy luxurious like mum used to make60. What color is suitable for dishwashing liquid?A. Green.B. Red.C. Orange.D. Yellow.61. Which of the following slogans applies the device alliteration?A. Mosquito Bye Bye Bye.（RADAR）B. We do, we said.（HENNESSY）C. M&Ms melt in your mouth（M&Ms）D. Start ahead.（RLJOICE）62. According to the passage, to reta.n the regular customers, advertising companies tend to________.A. impress them with colorful picturesB. use promotional strategiesC. change slogans frequentlyD. create eye-catching brand names（C）Dental health: Brush with confidenceChildren should be taught to brush their teeth regularly. But the suspicion remains among somePeople, dentists included, that even so, certain children are doomed to develop dental cavities. Thehypothesis behind this fear is that some combinations of genes may give rise to the sorts of oralbacteria which are responsible for cavities. If true, that would be sad for the youngsters concerned.But a study just published in Cell Host and Microbe, by Andres Gomez and Karen Nelson of the J.Craig Venter Institute, in San Diego, suggests it isn’t true.The mouth is home to many species of microbes. Most are good. Some, though, are well knownto secrete acidic waste products when fed sugar. This acidity weakens teeth, causing them to decay.To try to find out whether a child’s genes play any role in encouraging suchacid-secreting bugs, DrGomez and Dr Nelson set up an experiment with twins.Their“volunteers”were 280 pairs of fraternal twins and 205 pairs of identical twins, all agedbetween five and 11, who had not taken antibiotics during the previous six months. The childrenwere asked to stop brushing their teeth the evening and the morning before the crucial moment ofdata collection. This was when the researchers swabbed the chil dren’s gingival sulci （the cleftsbetween teeth and gums, in which bacteria collect）to find out what was there. The children alsohad their teeth scored by dentists as belonging to one of three categories: having no signs of currentor previous dental cavities: having signs of current or previous cavities affecting the enamel（atooth’s hard, outer layer）; or having signs of cavities that penetrated the enamel and allected theunderlying dentine as well.第7 页/ 共12 页Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson found that, though identical twins shared many groups of bacteriawhich were not shared by fraternal twins, none of these was a type responsible for cavities. Moreover,similarities in bacterial flora were greatest among five-to seven-year-olds, weaker among seven- tonine-year-olds and weakest among nine-to 11-year-olds. This suggests that any role genes do playin regulating the mouth’s ecology fades with time.Far from supporting the idea that some children are fated to suffer from cavities no matter howwell they brush their teeth, these results make it clear that the power to control the growth of therelevant bacteria is very much within reach of children and their parents. Brushing, however, maynot be the only approach. Avoiding sugary foods is obviously de rigueur. It seems likely, though,that which other foods a child eats may help shape his oral ecosystem, too. This is an area of ongoingresearch. But, as in the intestines（肠道）, so in the mouth, scientific medicine is at last coming togrips with the fact that the mixture of microbes present is both important and capable ofmanipulation, to the benefit of the host.63. What does“hypothesis”refer to in paragraph 1?A. Children’s failure to brush their teeth properly leads to tooth decay.B. Some children are programmed to develop tooth decay.C. Youngsters are suspicious of the effectiveness of tooth-brushing.D. Some genes are more likely to lead to dental cavites.64. Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson conducted an experiment to find out _______.A. whether genes have anything to do with dental decayB. which group of twins are more likely to have decayed teethC. what kinds of foods tend to give rise to tooth decayD. why the ecosystem of the intestines is similar to that of the mouth65. Which of the following statements is UNTRUE according to the passage?A. Scientists are not yet sure how ecosystem of the mouth is formed.B. The role genes play in controlling ecosystem of the mouth weakens with the time.C. The children are classified into three groups according to the degrees of dentalcavities.D. Identical twins are not as genetically close to each other as fraternal twins.66. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. The existence of multiple microbes benefits children’s oral ecosystem.B. What a child eats enhances the healthfulness of a child’s oral ecosystem.C. Cutting down on sugar intake is the most likely way to prevent tooth decay.D. Parents are in no position to help their children maintain healthy oral ecosystem. Section CDirections: Read the following passage and choose the most suitable statement from A-F for eachBlank. There are two extra statements, which you do not need.A. Reality has begun to catch up with the imagination of the film’s writer.B. Nanotechnology is one of the most exciting fields of research in the worldtoday.C. When this becomes possible, great changes will take place in numerous fields.D. Small as they are, large quantities of them can make a difference and workwonders.E. Nanotechnology is also responsible for tremendous advances in many otherfields.F. They carry medicine with them as they travel though the body, seeking our cancercells.第8 页/ 共12 页Nanotechnology Grows Fast Thanks to advances in technology, the science fiction of the past has become the“sciencefact”of today, like the 1966 sci-fi Fantastic Voyage（《神奇旅程》）. In the film,a man withvery important knowledge was dying. The only way to save him was by using experimentalminiaturization technology. A number of scientists were shrunk to a tiny size and injected intothe man’s body to locate the source of the problem and save him.___67___ Over the past several decades, the science of nanotechnology has been developingrapidly, and, just as in the film, it involves working with objects of a very small size.Something very similar to the medial procedure seen in Fantastic Voyage is already beingused to help save lives today. Tiny crystals known as“quanturn dots（量子点）”，whose diametersare one thousandth of a human hair, are injected into the body of a cancer patient. ___68___ Uponfinding a tumor, these quantum dots release their medicine, and then light themselves up tso thatdoctors can see exactly where the cancer cells are.___69___ We may soon find our everyday lives being affected by it. Are you tired of havingto charge the batteries in your mobile devices? Soon, you don’t need to. Scientists are working onsolar-cell vests that will absorb energy from the sun as you walk around and provide power for yourdevices.Eric Drexler, an author and scientist, believes that nanotechnology will lead toa new kind ofmanufacturing, one in which products are assembled atom by atom. By rearranging atoms, you canturn one kind of molecule into another. For example, a wood molecule can be transformed into ametal molecule. If this is done many times according to a design, a large object such as an ax mighteventually be created, just by rearranging atoms. ___70___.Although we have already seen its first practical applications, even more dramatic advanceswill be made in the future.Ⅳ. Surmmary Writing（10 分）Directions：Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of thepassage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.According to an official report on youth violence.“In our country today, the greatest threat tothe lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terriblereality of violence.”Given that this is the case, why aren’t students taught to manage conflict theway they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. It is reported that most violentincidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult. For example, a fight could start overthe fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwichcan lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence.If the conflict occurs, students can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution: stay calm.Once the student feels calmer. Once the student feels calmer. He or she should choose words thatwill calm the other person down as well. Rude words and accusations only add fuel to the emotionalfire while soft words can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.After that, they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution. Listening allows the twosides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side: and the other personshould listen without interrupting. Afterwards, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to第9 页/ 共12 页clarify the speaker’s position. Then the two people should change roles.Finally, students need to consider what they are hearing. An argument doesn’t mean trying tofigure out the fault of the other person but means understanding what the real issue is. As the issuebecomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller.（280 words）第二卷Ⅴ. Translation（15 分）Directions：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.2. 深深吸了一口气，他面带微笑地走上了舞台。
浦东新区2018学年度第一学期期末教学质量检测参考答案
浦东新区2018学年度第一学期期末教学质量检测高三物理参考答案及评分标准一、单项选择题（共40分，1-8题每小题3分，9-12题每小题4分。
每小题只有一个正确选项）二、填空题（共20分，每小题4分）13．光电门； 控制变量14．保护电路； a 15．1︰1； 1︰216．先增后减； =17．212BL ；222B L v R三、综合题（共40分）18．（10分）（1）最低点 （2）下方， 222124LT T π∆- （3）T 2，9.81（或9.82） 19．（14分）解析： （1）（2分）对小环，从A 到B 的过程中，以水平面为零势面，因只有重力做功， 由机械能守恒：212B mv mgH =代入数值解得：/2/B v s m s ===（2）（3分）在斜杆CD 上，小环重力的沿斜面方向分力G 1=mg sin37º=0.6mg 而最大静摩擦力（近似等于滑动摩擦力）f max =μmg cos37º=0.64mg 由于G 1 f max ，可得小环能静止在斜杆上。
（3）（9分）对小环，在BC 段，由牛顿第二定律可得： F -f 1=ma 1 ， N 1=mg ，f 1=μN 1， 代入数值解得22120.80.210/2/0.2F mg a m s m s m μ--⨯⨯=== 由2212C B v v a L -= 得/ 4.2/C v s m s ===小环沿斜杆CD 上滑过程中， 由牛顿第二定律可得：mg sin37º+f 2=ma 2,N 2=mg cos37º，f 2=μN 2，代入数值解得222sin 37cos3710(0.60.80.8)/12.4/a g g m s m s μ=︒+︒=⨯+⨯=由v t =v c －at得2 4.20.3412.4C v t s s a ===20．（16分）（1）（4分）导体棒匀速下滑时，受重力G，方向竖直向下、支持力N，方向垂直于斜面向上、安培力F A，方向沿斜面向上，如图2222222222vvsinAAE B LvB LvEIR RB LF B ILRB Lmg FRB Tα=========电动势感应电流安培力棒匀速（2）（3分）根据右手定则，棒CD的电流方向由C到D，由左手定则，安培力方向向右。
2018届上海市浦东新区高三上学期期末教学质量检测英语试题
2018届上海市浦东新区高三上学期期末教学质量检测英语试题第一卷Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension（25 分）Section A –Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the endof each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and thequestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, readthe four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the questionyou have heard.1. A. In a gym. B. In a shoe-repair shop.C. In a department store.D. At a track.2. A. $200. B. $400.C. $250.D. $500.3. A. Take classes. B. Find a job.C. Learn more.D. Get ready for the next term.4. A. To leave her a message with her roommate. B. To solve a problem in his homework.C. To talk with her roommate.D. To ask about his homework.5. A. He likes physics. B. His physics is the best in the class.C. He is working hard at physics.D. His physics is very poor in the class.6. A. A sportsman. B. A doctor.C. A news reporter.D. A game designer.7. A. Unforgettable. B. Impressive.C. Pleasant.D. Disappointing.8. A. Coins and banknotes. B. Weights and measures.C. Shapes and areas.D. Volumes and sizes.9. A. It’s too crowded and he can’t breathe very well. B. The next stop is the terminal station.C. The next stop is their stop.D. A lot of people get off at the next stop.10. A. The Parking places are very far away. B. He had no problem finding the park.C. There is enough parking space.D. He isn’t very good at parking the car.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and youwill be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear aquestion, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer tothe question you have heard.Question 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. The driver took the wrong route. B. He missed his flight.第 1 页/ 共12 页C. He failed to get to the airport. D. His taxi got stuck in a traffic jam.12. A. One of the wings caught fire. B. The plane encountered a strong storm.C. There was something wrong with the engine.D. The hijacker forced the captain to do so.13. A. He had forgotten to lock his front door. B. He had lost his keys to the front door.C. He had left his luggage in the taxi.D. He had picked up the wrong suitcase.Question 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Women now want to be car repairwomen instead of teachers.B. Women tend to do jobs that are traditionally intended for men.C. More girls are choosing fixed jobs in Scotland.D. British women choose non-traditional jobs more than women in other countries.15. A. Because women see many job opportunities on TV.B. Because women feel car repairing is cool on TV.C. Because women are influenced by their stars on TV.D. Because women are told about job choices by career officers on TV.16. A. Britain needs more women to do non-traditional jobs.B. The media should call for women to do non-traditional jobs.C. British women have taken up too many traditional jobs for men.D. The change in men’s attitudes is not important for women job choices.Question 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. For ten years. B. For nine years. C. For eight years. D. For one year.18. A. She is more concentrated on her career. B. She is not sure about the marriage.C. She’s holding hatred against Frank.D. She’s not comfortable with children around.19. A. Keeping persuading Claire. B. Give up and compromise.C. Fight harder with Claire.D. Give Claire some time.20. A. They have just been to Hawaii for a holiday.B. They cannot reach an agreement on having a baby.C. They are planning to get a divorce.D. They are trying to overcome career crisis.Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary（20 分）Section ADirections: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word. For the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.As a young child, Ann Makosinski would spend hours experimenting with her toys and othereveryday objects around her to create her own inventions.Now a first-year Arts student, Makosinski is a well-known inventor and entrepreneur（创业者）.She won the 2015 Sustainable Entrepreneurship Award of Excellence, ___21___ recognizesinnovative business solutions to social problems—the same recognition given to Barack Obama in2014. Her own inventions, the Hollow Flashlight and the e-Drink, have been causing excitement internationally ___22___ their creation.At the age of 15, Makosinski created a prototype（原型）for a flashlight ___23___（power）第 2 页/ 共12 页by the heat of one’s hand. This invention was the result of a ninth grade science project, butMakosinski’s goal was ___24___（offer）a practical solution to people with unlimited access topower and electricity.“I’m half-Filipino and half-Polish, and one of my friends from the Philippines told me that shefailed school ___25___ she couldn’t afford electricity. She had no light to study with at night, sothat was kind of the inspiration,”Makosinski explained.“I’ve always been interested in doingscience projects, so I thought, why don’t I find a way to provide her and a lot of other people withlight?”The Hollow Flashlight is made from Peltier tiles（珀耳贴贴片）that produce energy when oneside ___26___（heat）and the other side remains cool. The flashlight can produce a steady beamof LED light for 20 minutes. ___27___（use）only the warmth of the human hand.Her advice to other student innovators?“Start now. There ___28___ be nothing holding youback. Some students at colleges or even in high school think‘Oh, I’m a student. I just need to study.’___29___ may think it important to make friends and be social. The truth is, you can do a lot ofother things. You can do ___30___ you want. Just go ahead.”Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beused once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. potentiallyB. filmedC. droppedD. commonlyE. treatsF. sympathyG. sensitive H. eyebrow I. domesticated J. selection K. confidentPuppy Dog Eyes Are for the Benefits of HumansDogs make puppy dog eyes for the benefit of humans and rarely use the pleasing facial expression when on their own, a new study has shown.It has long been assumed that animal facial expressions are involuntary and dependent on emotional state rather than a way to communicate.But scientists at the University’s Dog Cognition Centre at Portsmouth University have foundthat dogs mostly use facial expressions when humans are present, as a direct response to attention.Puppy dog eyes, in which the ___31___ is raised to make the eyes appear wider and sadder, wasfound to be the most ___32___ used expression in the study. Researchers do not know whether thedogs are aware they look sadder, or have just learned that widening their eyes invites ___33___ andaffection in humans.Dog cognition expert Dr Juliane Kaminski: “We can now be ___34___ that the production offacial expressions made by dogs are dependent on the attention state of their audience and are notjust a result of dogs being excited.”“In our study they produced far more expressions when someone was watching, but seeingfood ___35___ did not have the same effect.”“The findings appear to support evidence dogs are ___36___ to humans’ attention and that expressions are ___37___ active attempts to communicate, not simple emotional displays.”The researchers studied 24 dogs of various breeds, aged one to 12. All were family pets. Each dog wastied by a lead a metre away from a person, and the dogs’ faces were ___38___ throughout a rangeof exchanges, from the person being oriented towards the dog, to being distracted and with her bodyturned away from the dog.第 3 页/ 共12 页They found that when a human was not watching the animal, they ___39___ facial expressions.Dr Kaminski said it is possible that dogs’ expressions have evolved as they were ___40___. “Domestic dogs have a unique history –they have lived alongside humans for 30,000 years andduring that time selection pressures seem to have acted on dogs’ability to communicate with us, ”shesaid.Ⅲ. Reading comprehension（45 分）Section ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When I was a child of seven years old, my friends, on a holiday, filled my pocket with coppers.I went at once to a shop where they sold toys for children. Being ___41___ with the sound of awhistle that I had seen by the way, in the hands of another boy, I handed over all my money for one.I then came home, and went whistling all over the house, much pleased with my whistle, but___42___ all the family. My brothers and sisters and cousins, when I told of the ___43___ I hadmade, said I had given four times as much as the whistle was worth. They put me in mind of whatgood things I might have bought with the rest of the money, and laughed at me so much for my follythat I cried with vexation(烦恼). Thinking about the matter gave me more ___44___ than the whistlegave me pleasure.___45___, this was afterwards of use to me, for the impression continued on my mind, so thatoften, when I was ___46___ to buy something I did not need, I said to myself, “Don’t give too muchfor the whistle, ” and I saved my money. As I grew up, came into the world, and ___47___ theactions of men, I thought I met with many, very many, who “gave too much for the whistle.”If I knew a miser（守财奴）who ___48___ every kind of comfortable living, all the pleasureof doing good to others, all the esteem of his fellow citizens and the joys of friendship, ___49___gathering and keeping wealth--- “Poor man,” said I, “ you pay too dear for your whistle.” When Imet a man of pleasure, who did not try to improve his mind or his fortune but ___50___ devotedhimself to having a good time, perhaps neglecting his health, “ Mistaken man, you are providing___51___ for yourself, instead of pleasure; you are paying too dear for your whistle.”If I sawsomeone fond of ___52___ who has fine clothes, fine houses, fine furniture, fine earrings, all abovehis ___53___, and for which he had run into debt, and ends his career in a prison. “Alas,” said I, “hehas paid dear, very dear, for his whistle.” ___54___, the miseries of mankind are largely due to theirpuffing a(n) ___55___ value on things --- to giving “too much for their whistle.”41. A. faced B. charmed C. sympathized D. provided42. A. disturbing B. attracting C. entertaining D. confusing43. A. trouble B. attempt C. choice D. bargain44. A. satisfaction B. relief C. annoyance D. stress45. A. Moreover B. Therefore C. However D. Indeed46. A. tempted B. determined C. forced D. persuaded47. A. took B. observed C. admired D. followed48. A. turned against B. gave up C. cared about D. relied on49. A. in case of B. instead of C. for the sake of D. in terms of50. A. merely B. similarly C. strangely D. positively第 4 页/ 共12 页51. A. inconvenience B. burden C. frustration D. pain52. A. appearance B. wealth C. comforts D. necessities53. A. demand B. fortune C. standard D. value54. A. As a result B. By contrast C. On average D. In short55. A. unexpected B. great C. false D. extraSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）When you think about coffee alternatives, garlic is probably one of the last things that comes to mind, but that is exactly the ingredient that one Japanese inventor used to create a drink that looks and tastes like coffee.74-year-old Yokitomo Shimotai, a coffee shop owner in Aomori Prefecture, Japan, claims that his unique “garlic coffee” is the result of a cooking blunder he made over 30 years ago, when he burned a steak and garlic while waiting tables at the same time. Intrigued by the scorched garlic’s aroma, he mashed it up with a spoon and mixed it with hot water. The resulting drink looked and tasted a lot like coffee. Making a mental note of his discovery, Yokimoto carried on with his job, and only started researching garlic coffee again after he retired.Committed to turning his weird drink into a commercial product, Yokitomo Shimotai spent years optimizing the formula, and about five years ago, he finally achieved a result he was satisfied with. To make his dissolvable garlic grounds, he roasts the cloves in an electric oven, and, after the y’ve cooled off, smashes them into fine particles and packs them in dripbags.“My drink is probably the world’s first of its kind,” the garlic coffee inventor told Kyodo News. “It contains no caffeine so it’s good for those who would like to drink coffee at night or pregnant women.”“The bitterness of burned garlic apparently helps create the coffee-like flavor,” Shimotai adds. He claims that, although his garlic coffee does give off an aroma of roasted garlic, it doesn’t cause bad breath, because the garlic is thoroughly cooked. And if you can get past the smell, the drink apparently does taste a lot like actual coffee.If decaf isn’t good enough for you, and you’re in the mood for something new, you can try Yokitomo Shimotai’s garlic coffee at his shop, in the city of Ninohc, Iwate Prefecture, or buy your own dripbags for just 324 yen（$2.8）.56. Which word is the closest in meaning to the underlined word“blunder”in the second paragraph?A. mistakeB. showC. mixtureD. brand57. Who is not suitable to drink garlic coffee?A. A woman bearing a baby.B. A student having trouble with sleep.C. A cleaner working on a day shift.D. A young lady sick of garlic.58. Which of the following is not characteristic of garlic coffee?第 5 页/ 共12 页A. It is caffeine-free.B. Garlic powder dissolves in water.C. The burnt garlic creates bitterness.D. It is an improvement on a garlic dish.59. Which of the following can be used to describe Yokitomo Shimotai?A. venturous and greedyB. innovative and perseverantC. hardworking and cautiousD. observant and helpful（B）How an advertisement is put togetherWhen you read an advertisement there are many factors you should consider, including:●target audience●brand names●slogans●pictures and colour●special offers/coupons●emotive/persuasive vocabularyTarget audienceAdvertisers aim particular products at different groups of people according to age, sex, social class and interests. They will often make assumptions about people and label or stereotype them.Who do you think these products would be aimed at: nappies, diamonds, mint chocolates, sports cars?What kind of products would be aimed at these people: teenagers, 25-year-old single men, 40-year- old working mums?Brand namesBrand names are chosen carefully. They can suggest particular lifestyles, values or interests and are intended to appeal to the target audience.Nissan Primera: this suggests quality. Primera is similar to premium and premier.Ford Ka: the spelling of Ka suggests novelty and simplicity. It is modern and futuristic. It is also bound to stick in your mind when you are looking for a new car!SlogansA slogan has to be catchy and memorable. Slogans use a range of devices: alliteration, repetition, puns, questions, personal pronouns and humour.Have a break. Have a Kit Kat. RepetitionThe totally tropical taste. AlliterationPicture and colourAll pictures try to make you feel something and most are biased, even photographs. They create a view of what the world is like using different tricks such as lighting and colour.Different colours have different associations that can be linked to particular products.Yellow: freshness, sunlight, lemons. This colour would be good for advertising washing up liquid. Green: countryside, natural, healthy. What would you use this colour for ?第 6 页/ 共12 页What do you associate these colours with: red, black, orange, gold, blue?Special offers/couponsAdvertisers often appear to offer something for nothing’: if you buy one product you will receive another one free or half price. These offers are incentive to try a new product or to encourage loyalty to an existing one.Emotive/persuasive vocabularyIn advertising you will find lots of words and phrases that are intended to persuade you or appeal to your emotions.mouthwatering silky free chocolateromantic creamy luxurious like mum used to make60. What color is suitable for dishwashing liquid?A. Green.B. Red.C. Orange.D. Yellow.61. Which of the following slogans applies the device alliteration?A. Mosquito Bye Bye Bye.（RADAR）B. We do, we said.（HENNESSY）C. M&Ms melt in your mouth（M&Ms）D. Start ahead.（RLJOICE）62. According to the passage, to reta.n the regular customers, advertising companies tend to________.A. impress them with colorful picturesB. use promotional strategiesC. change slogans frequentlyD. create eye-catching brand names（C）Dental health: Brush with confidenceChildren should be taught to brush their teeth regularly. But the suspicion remains among somePeople, dentists included, that even so, certain children are doomed to develop dental cavities. Thehypothesis behind this fear is that some combinations of genes may give rise to the sorts of oralbacteria which are responsible for cavities. If true, that would be sad for the youngsters concerned.But a study just published in Cell Host and Microbe, by Andres Gomez and Karen Nelson of the J.Craig Venter Institute, in San Diego, suggests it isn’t true.The mouth is home to many species of microbes. Most are good. Some, though, are well knownto secrete acidic waste products when fed sugar. This acidity weakens teeth, causing them to decay.To try to find out whether a child’s genes play any role in encouraging such acid-secreting bugs, DrGomez and Dr Nelson set up an experiment with twins.Their“volunteers”were 280 pairs of fraternal twins and 205 pairs of identical twins, all agedbetween five and 11, who had not taken antibiotics during the previous six months. The childrenwere asked to stop brushing their teeth the evening and the morning before the crucial moment ofdata collection. This was when the researchers swabbed the chil dren’s gingival sulci（the cleftsbetween teeth and gums, in which bacteria collect）to find out what was there. The children alsohad their teeth scored by dentists as belonging to one of three categories: having no signs of currentor previous dental cavities: having signs of current or previous cavities affecting the enamel（atooth’s hard, outer layer）; or having signs of cavities that penetrated the enamel and allected theunderlying dentine as well.第7 页/ 共12 页Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson found that, though identical twins shared many groups of bacteriawhich were not shared by fraternal twins, none of these was a type responsible for cavities. Moreover,similarities in bacterial flora were greatest among five-to seven-year-olds, weaker among seven- tonine-year-olds and weakest among nine-to 11-year-olds. This suggests that any role genes do playin regulating the mouth’s ecology fades with time.Far from supporting the idea that some children are fated to suffer from cavities no matter howwell they brush their teeth, these results make it clear that the power to control the growth of therelevant bacteria is very much within reach of children and their parents. Brushing, however, maynot be the only approach. Avoiding sugary foods is obviously de rigueur. It seems likely, though,that which other foods a child eats may help shape his oral ecosystem, too. This is an area of ongoingresearch. But, as in the intestines（肠道）, so in the mouth, scientific medicine is at last coming togrips with the fact that the mixture of microbes present is both important and capable ofmanipulation, to the benefit of the host.63. What does“hypothesis”refer to in paragraph 1?A. Children’s failure to brush their teeth properly leads to tooth decay.B. Some children are programmed to develop tooth decay.C. Youngsters are suspicious of the effectiveness of tooth-brushing.D. Some genes are more likely to lead to dental cavites.64. Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson conducted an experiment to find out _______.A. whether genes have anything to do with dental decayB. which group of twins are more likely to have decayed teethC. what kinds of foods tend to give rise to tooth decayD. why the ecosystem of the intestines is similar to that of the mouth65. Which of the following statements is UNTRUE according to the passage?A. Scientists are not yet sure how ecosystem of the mouth is formed.B. The role genes play in controlling ecosystem of the mouth weakens with the time.C. The children are classified into three groups according to the degrees of dental cavities.D. Identical twins are not as genetically close to each other as fraternal twins.66. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. The existence of multiple microbes benefits children’s oral ecosystem.B. What a child eats enhances the healthfulness of a child’s oral ecosystem.C. Cutting down on sugar intake is the most likely way to prevent tooth decay.D. Parents are in no position to help their children maintain healthy oral ecosystem.Section CDirections: Read the following passage and choose the most suitable statement from A-F for each Blank. There are two extra statements, which you do not need.A. Reality has begun to catch up with the imagination of the film’s writer.B. Nanotechnology is one of the most exciting fields of research in the world today.C. When this becomes possible, great changes will take place in numerous fields.D. Small as they are, large quantities of them can make a difference and work wonders.E. Nanotechnology is also responsible for tremendous advances in many other fields.F. They carry medicine with them as they travel though the body, seeking our cancer cells.第8 页/ 共12 页Nanotechnology Grows Fast Thanks to advances in technology, the science fiction of the past has become the“science fact”of today, like the 1966 sci-fi Fantastic Voyage（《神奇旅程》）. In the film, a man with very important knowledge was dying. The only way to save him was by using experimental miniaturization technology. A number of scientists were shrunk to a tiny size and injected into the man’s body to locate the source of the problem and save him.___67___ Over the past several decades, the science of nanotechnology has been developing rapidly, and, just as in the film, it involves working with objects of a very small size.Something very similar to the medial procedure seen in Fantastic Voyage is already being used to help save lives today. Tiny crystals known as“quanturn dots（量子点）”，whose diametersare one thousandth of a human hair, are injected into the body of a cancer patient. ___68___ Upon finding a tumor, these quantum dots release their medicine, and then light themselves up tso that doctors can see exactly where the cancer cells are.___69___ We may soon find our everyday lives being affected by it. Are you tired of having to charge the batteries in your mobile devices? Soon, you don’t need to. Scientists are working on solar-cell vests that will absorb energy from the sun as you walk around and provide power for yourdevices.Eric Drexler, an author and scientist, believes that nanotechnology will lead to a new kind of manufacturing, one in which products are assembled atom by atom. By rearranging atoms, you can turn one kind of molecule into another. For example, a wood molecule can be transformed into a metal molecule. If this is done many times according to a design, a large object such as an ax might eventually be created, just by rearranging atoms. ___70___.Although we have already seen its first practical applications, even more dramatic advances will be made in the future.Ⅳ. Surmmary Writing（10 分）Directions：Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.According to an official report on youth violence.“In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence.”Given that this is the case, why aren’t students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. It is reported that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult. For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence.If the conflict occurs, students can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution: stay calm. Once the student feels calmer. Once the student feels calmer. He or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. Rude words and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire while soft words can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.After that, they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side: and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterwards, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to第9 页/ 共12 页clarify the speaker’s position. Then the two people should change roles.Finally, students need to consider what they are hearing. An argument doesn’t mean trying to figure out the fault of the other person but means understanding what the real issue is. As the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller.（280 words）第二卷Ⅴ. Translation（15 分）Directions：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 为了安全起见，小孩不应该被单独留在家里。
上海市浦东新区2018届高三下学期教学质量检测(二模)生命科学试题生物试题(答案+解析)
上海市浦东新区2018届高三下学期教学质量检测（二模）生命科学试题一、选择题1.图表示某化学键的结构式，则含有该键的化合物可能是A. ATPB. 抗体C. DNAD. 磷脂【答案】B【解析】据图分析，图示为肽键的结构式，是了解氨基酸的化学键。
ATP的三磷酸腺苷的简称，不含肽键，A错误；抗体的化学本质是蛋白质，含有肽键，B正确；DNA分子中含有磷酸二脂键，但是不含肽键，C错误；磷脂分子中不含肽键，D错误。
2.大豆营养成分鉴定实验结果见表，据表可知大豆中含有的主要营养成分有A. 蛋白质B. 还原性糖C. 蛋白质、脂肪D. 还原性糖、脂肪【答案】C【解析】碘液的颜色是棕黄色，淀粉遇碘变蓝，说明大豆的成分中没有淀粉；班氏试剂与还原糖产生砖红色沉淀，而班氏试剂本身的颜色是蓝色的，说明大豆的营养成分中没有还原糖；双缩脲试剂检测蛋白质，出现紫色；苏丹Ⅲ检测脂肪，出现橘黄色，说明大豆成分中含有蛋白质和脂肪，故选C。
3.如图所示的细胞最可能是A. 颤藻细胞B. 神经细胞C. 浆细胞D. 菠菜叶肉细胞【答案】C【解析】据图分析，图示细胞含有细胞核和多种细胞器，说明该细胞是真核细胞，且该细胞中内质网和高尔基体较多。
颤藻是一种蓝藻，属于原核细胞，A错误；神经细胞具有很多突起，与图示细胞不符，B错误；浆细胞属于真核细胞，能够分泌抗体，因此具有大量的内质网和高尔基体，C正确；菠菜叶肉细胞应该含有叶绿体、不含中心体，D错误。
4.下列不属于RNA功能的是A. 生物催化剂B. 染色体的组成成分C. 翻译的模板D. 某些病毒的遗传物质【答案】B【解析】少数酶的化学本质是RNA，因此RNA可以作为生物催化剂，A正确；染色体的组成成分为DNA和蛋白质，没有RNA，B错误；翻译的模板是mRNA，C正确；大多数病毒的遗传物质是DNA，少数病毒的遗传物质是RNA，D正确。
5.图是低倍镜下的蚕豆叶下表皮保卫细胞长度测量的局部视野。
下列相关叙述正确的是A. 先换高倍镜，再将待测的保卫细胞移至视野中央B. 换高倍镜后，使用细调节器调节图像清晰度C. 图中的显微测微尺为物镜测微尺D. 图中所测保卫细胞实际长度约为4.0μm【答案】B【解析】低倍镜换高倍镜观察时，应该先将待测的保卫细胞移至视野中央，在换高倍镜，A错误；换高倍镜后，应该使用细调节器调节图像清晰度，但是千万不能动粗准焦螺旋，B正确；图中的显微测微尺为目镜测微尺，C错误；图中实际每格等于100μm，因此图中所测保卫细胞实际长度约为400μm，D错误。
上海市浦东新区最新高三第一学期期末质量测试生命科学试题
浦东新区最新学年度第一学期期末质量测试高三生命科学本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分，满分15０分。
考试时间为１２0分钟。
请将所有答案写在答题纸上，否则不给分第Ⅰ卷共６0分一、选择题共６0分，每小题2分。
每小题只有一个正确答案1.下列属于蓝细菌和酵母菌相同之处的是…………………………………………………A ．都有拟核 ﻩ ﻩﻩﻩﻩＢ.均能进行有氧呼吸ﻩ C ．都有线粒体 ﻩﻩﻩ ﻩD ．均能进行光合作用2．用蛋白酶处理大肠杆菌核糖体,处理后的核糖体仍可催化氨基酸的脱水缩合反应。
由此可推测核糖体中能催化该反应的物质是……………………………………………………A.蛋白酶 ﻩ Ｂ．ＲＮA 聚合酶 Ｃ。
RNA ﻩD ．逆转录酶3。
图1为氨基酸和Na +进出肾小管上皮细胞的示意图。
下表选项中正确的是 …………图1肾小管周围肾小管Na +Na + +４.下列关于人体内血脂代谢及其调节的叙述中,错误的．．．是………………………………Ａ.血液中的甘油三酯可以来自于小肠的乳糜微粒B．血液中高密度脂蛋白偏低会导致高胆固醇血症Ｃ．脂肪细胞中甘油三酯与葡萄糖可以相互转化D.胰岛素促进甘油三酯的分解５．图２是线粒体的结构示意图，下列相关叙述正确的是A．①上的蛋白质种类与②相同B．葡萄糖分解为丙酮酸的过程发生在③中C.有氧呼吸释放能量最多的一步是在②上进行的D.该细胞器只含ＤNＡ不含ＲNＡ６.下列关于细胞结构和功能的叙述,错误的．．．是……………A.性激素主要是由内质网上的核糖体合成Ｂ．囊泡可以由内质网向高尔基体转运C.膜蛋白的形成与核糖体、内质网、高尔基体有关Ｄ．溶酶体能分解自身衰老的细胞器7.下列关于皮肤感受器的叙述,错误的．．．是…………………………………………………A。
是一种神经末梢ﻩﻩﻩﻩﻩB。
能将各种刺激转变为电信号C.能形成感觉ﻩﻩﻩﻩﻩﻩD.皮肤上有多种感受器8．图３是新鲜菠菜叶中的光合色素纸层析的结果,下列描述中正确的是……A.能转换光能的色素位于色素带①中B．寒冷时，色素带④较色素带②更易被破坏④③②①图3图2①②③C.色素带③的扩散速度小于②D．色素带③和④属于类胡萝卜素9.随着生物技术的发展,酶在社会生产、生活中的应用越来越广泛.下列相关叙述错误的．．．是……………………………………………………………………Ａ.利用酶生产某些化工产品，能显著降低能耗、减少污染、节约成本B.“加酶洗衣粉”的洗涤效果与水温、酸碱度有关，与污物或衣物的性质无关Ｃ。
浦东新区2018学年度第一学期期末教学质量检测 带答案
O x/m y/cm 2 4 6 85-5浦东新区2018学年度第一学期期末教学质量检测高三物理试卷本试卷共4页，满分100分，考试时间60分钟。
全卷包括三大题，第一大题为单项选择题，第二大题为填空题，第三大题为综合题。
考生注意：1．答卷前，务必用钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸正面清楚地填写姓名、学校、准考证号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。
2．第一大题的作答必须用2B 铅笔涂在答题纸上相应区域内与试卷题号对应的位置，需要更改时，必须将原选项用橡皮擦去，重新选择。
第二和第三大题的作答必须用黑色的钢笔或圆珠笔写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置（作图可用铅笔）。
3．第19、20题要求写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要的演算步骤。
只写出最后答案，而未写出主要演算过程的，不能得分。
有关物理量的数值计算问题，答案中必须明确写出数值和单位。
一、单项选择题（共40分，1-8题每小题3分，9-12题每小题4分。
每小题只有一个正确选项） 1. 元电荷是A （A ）电荷量 （B ）点电荷（C ）电子（D ）质子2. 如图所示，为一列沿x 轴传播的横波，周期为2s ，则该波D（A ）波长为2m（B ）振幅为10cm（C ）频率为2Hz （D ）波速为2m/s3. 下图中标出了磁感应强度B 、电流I 和其所受磁场力F 的方向，正确的是B（A ） （B ） （C ） （D ）4. 如图所示，一只小甲虫沿着倾斜的树枝向上匀速爬行，则 C （A ）甲虫速度越大所受摩擦力越大 （B ）树枝对甲虫的摩擦力方向沿树枝向下（C ）树枝对甲虫的作用力与甲虫所受的重力是一对平衡力 （D ）甲虫匀速向下爬行与匀速向上爬行所受摩擦力方向相反 5. 用国际单位制中基本单位表示的磁通量单位是DIBF FBFI FIB（A ） Wb （B ）T ⋅m 2（C ）N mA⋅ （D ）22kg m A s ⋅⋅6. 一个物体作竖直上抛运动，则C（A ）上升到最高点时，加速度为零 （B ）上升和下落过程的平均速度相同 （C ）任何相等时间内的速度变化量都相同 （D ）相等时间内的位移可能相同7. 如图所示，同一水平面内有一金属圆线圈M 和一带正电橡胶圆环N ，当N 绕其圆心在水平面内顺时针加速转动时，可判断出M 环中产生的感应电流方向及M 变化趋势为B（A ）逆时针；收缩 （B ）逆时针；扩张 （C ）顺时针；收缩 （D ）顺时针；扩张8. 如图所示，人随自动扶梯加速上行，扶梯对人的作用力为F ，则F C（A ）大小等于人的重力，对人做正功 （B ）大小等于人的重力，对人做负功（C ）大小大于人的重力，对人做正功 （D ）大小小于人的重力，对人做负功9. “蹦极”是一种富有刺激性的勇敢者的运动项目。
最新-【物理】上海市浦东新区2018届高三上学期期末质量检测30 精品
上海市浦东新区2018届高三上学期质量抽测物理试卷说明：1．本试卷考试时间120分钟，满分150分，共33题。
第30、31、32、33题要求写出解答过程，只有答案不得分。
2．选择题答案必须全部涂写在答题卡上。
考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用2B 铅笔涂黑。
注意试题题号与答题卡上的编号一一对应，不能错位。
答案需更改时，必须将原选项用橡皮擦去，重新选择。
写在试卷上的答案一律不给分。
一、选择题（每小题2分，共16分）。
只有一个正确选项，答案涂写在答题卡上。
1.历史上首先正确认识运动和力的关系，推翻“力是维持物体运动的原因”的物理学家是 (A) 亚里士多德(B) 伽利略(C) 牛顿(D) 爱因斯坦2.在下述各力中，属于根据力的性质命名的是 (A) 拉力(B) 重力(C) 向心力(D) 支持力3．在下列各物体的运动过程中，满足机械能守恒条件的是 (A) 跳伞运动员在空中匀速下降 (B) 用绳拉着一个物体匀速上升 (C) 物体以某一初速度沿光滑曲面下滑 (D) 小球在竖直面内做匀速圆周运动 4．关于温度，下列说法正确的是 (A) 温度升高1℃，也可以说温度升高1K(B) 温度由摄氏温度t 升至2t ，对应的热力学温度便由T 升至2T (C) 绝对零度就是当一定质量的气体体积为零时，用实验方法测出的温度 (D) 随着人类制冷技术的不断提高，总有一天绝对零度会达到5．甲、乙两物体沿一直线运动的s －t 图像如图所示，则在t 1时刻两物体 (A) 位移相同，速度不同 (B) 位移不同，速度相同 (C) 位移相同，速度相同 (D) 位移不同，速度不同 6．以下措施属于静电防范的是 (A) 使用复印机 (B) 使用电蚊拍 (C) 静电喷涂(D) 使用避雷针7．如图所示，磁带录音机既可用作录音，也可用作放音，其主要部件为可匀速行进的磁带a 和绕有线圈的磁头b ，不论是录音还是放音过程，磁带或磁头软铁都会存在磁化现象。
下Ostt 1甲乙列关于录音、放音过程中主要工作原理的描述，正确的是 (A) 放音和录音的主要原理都是电磁感应 (B) 放音和录音的主要原理都是磁场对电流的作用(C) 放音的主要原理是电磁感应，录音的主要原理是电流的磁效应 (D) 录音的主要原理是电磁感应，放音的主要原理是电流的磁效应8. 如图所示，一根条形磁铁从左向右穿过闭合金属环的过程中，环中的感应电流（从左向右看）(A) 始终沿顺时针方向 (B) 始终沿逆时针方向(C) 先沿顺时针方向后沿逆时针方向 (D) 先沿逆时针方向后沿顺时针方向二、选择题（每小题3分，本题共24分）。
最新-浦东新区2018学年度第一学期高三期末质量抽测[原创]-人教版 精品
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浦东新区2018学年度第一学期质量抽测高三物理试卷（完卷时间：120分钟满分：150分）一．选择题。
本大题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分。
每小题给出的四个答案中，至少有一个是正确的。
把正确答案全选出来，并将正确答案前面的字母填写在题后的括号内。
每一小题全选对的得5分；选对但不全，得部分分；有选错或不答的，得0分。
填写在括号外的字母，不作为选出的答案。
1．物体以初速度v o 竖直上抛，经3s 到达最高点，空气阻力不计，g 取10m/s 2，则（ ）。
A ．物体的初速度v o 为30m/sB ．物体上升的最大高度为45mC ．物体在第1s 内、第2s 内、第3s 内的平均速度之比为5∶3∶1D ．物体在1s 内、2s 内、3s 内的平均速度之比为9∶4∶1 2．图中电阻R 1、 R 2、 R 3的阻值相等，电池的内阻不计。
开关S 接通前流过R 2的电流为I 2，接通后流过R 2的电流为I 2＇，则I 2∶I 2＇等于（ ）。
A ．3∶2B ．2∶1C ．3∶1D ．4∶1 3．如图所示，一根绝缘细杆的两端各固定着一个小球，两小球带有等量异种电荷，处于匀强电场中，电场方向如图中箭头所示。
开始时，细杆与电场方向垂直，现使细杆绕其中心沿顺时针方向转过90°，使细杆与电场方向平行，在此过程中电场力对两小球所做的功（ ）。
A ．W=0B ．W>0C ．W<0D ．无法判断4．如图所示，在y 轴左侧有一垂直于纸面向里的匀强磁场，一个圆形线圈的一半放在磁场中，圆心与原点O 重合，线圈平面与磁场方向垂直。
在下列做法中，能使线圈中得到顺时针方向感应电流的是（ ）。
A ．线圈沿x 轴正方向移动 B ．线圈沿y 轴负方向移动C ．线圈绕x 轴转动且转角小于90°D ．线圈绕y 轴转动且转角小于90°5．在光滑的水平地面上，有质量相同的甲、乙两物体，甲原来静止，乙以速度v 做匀速直线运动，俯视图如图所示。
上海市浦东新区2018学年高二、高三上学期期末教学质量检测生命科学试题 含答案
浦东新区2016学年度第一学期教学质量检测高二、高三年级生命科学(等级考)试卷本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分，满分100分。
考试时间为60分钟。
请将所有答案写在答题纸上，否则不给分第Ⅰ卷（共40分）一、选择题（共40分，每小题2分。
每小题只有一个正确答案）1．构成叶绿素分子不可缺少的无机盐是 ···································································（）A．钙B．铁C．镁D．碘2．秋海棠的叶能生芽，芽能长成新的植株，这种生殖方式属于 ···························（）A．出芽生殖B．分裂生殖C．孢子生殖D．营养繁殖3．细菌GFAJ－1可以利用有毒的化学元素砷取代磷实现生长、繁殖，下列该细菌的物质或结构中检测不到．．砷存在的是·······························································································（）A．蛋白质B．核糖体C．细胞膜D．质粒4．嗅细胞能感受气味分子，下列相关叙述正确的是 ···············································（）A．嗅细胞是物理感受器B．嗅细胞将气味刺激转换为电信号C．嗅细胞能产生嗅觉D．嗅细胞是传出神经末梢5．“叶绿体中色素的提取和分离”的实验目的是 ·····················································（）A．提取叶绿体中的色素B．用纸层析法将色素进行分离C．观察各种色素的吸收光谱D．验证各种色素的种类和颜色6．不同的生物有不同的呼吸作用方式，下列生物与其呼吸作用产物相对应的是（）A．马铃薯块茎产生乳酸 B．酵母菌产生乳酸C．乳酸菌产生二氧化碳D．人体产生酒精7．在紫色洋葱鳞叶外表皮细胞的失水和吸水实验中，显微镜下可依次观察到图1中甲、乙、丙三种细胞状态。
【中小学资料】上海市杨浦区2018届高三生命科学上学期期末质量调研试题
上海市杨浦区2018届高三生命科学上学期期末质量调研试题考生注意：1．本试卷满分l00分，考试时间60分钟。
2．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求；所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（综合题）在答题纸上；做在试卷上一律不得分。
3．答题前，考生务必在答题纸上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。
4． 答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
一、选择题（本题共40分，每小题2分，只有一个正确选项）1. 图1是某生物的形态结构图，其中编号①表示的化合物是A. DNAB. 磷脂C. RNAD. 蛋白质2. 细胞内氨基酸脱水缩合形成肽，在此过程中形成的化学键是图2中的 A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④3. 呼吸作用分为有氧呼吸和无氧呼吸，下列关于两者的性质描述，正确的是4. 生殖是物种得以延续的重要保证，生殖方式多种多样。
下列生殖方式产生的子代适应环境能力更强的是A. 孢子生殖B. 出芽生殖C. 营养繁殖D. 卵式生殖5. 图3为人体内葡萄糖氧化分解的某一途径，其中①、②、③表示代谢过程，字母表示物质。
据图分析下列表述正确的是H 2NNC H O R 1 R 2 R 3 CCC NC C H OOOH① ②③④①②③①②图1图2有氧呼吸 能量生成 水的生成√ A.C.B.D.无氧呼吸 √× √有氧呼吸 能量生成 水的生成√ 无氧呼吸 √× ×有氧呼吸 无氧呼吸 √ √√ ×能量生成 水的生成 有氧呼吸 能量生成 水的生成√ 无氧呼吸 ×√ √A. ①是糖酵解B. ②为三羧酸循环C. ③有氧气生产D. X 只可能是H 2O6. 生理学家巴甫洛夫在狗身上做了一系列的实验研究。
图4表示狗听到铃声出现唾液分泌现象，此时铃声是A. 无效刺激B. 无关刺激C. 条件刺激D. 非条件刺激7. B 淋巴细胞和T 淋巴细胞表面均有抗原受体（分别称为BCR 和TCR ），这两类受体在功能上的区别是A. BCR 只识别病菌抗原，TCR 只识别病毒抗原B. BCR 能促进免疫细胞记忆，TCR 不能促进免疫细胞记忆C. BCR 从膜上脱落变为抗体，TCR 从膜上脱落变成淋巴因子D. BCR 接受抗原刺激使B 细胞分化，TCR 接受抗原刺激使T 细胞分化8. 采用基因工程技术生产乙肝病毒衣壳蛋白并为人体接种，这种疫苗属于A. 死疫苗B. 活疫苗C. 减毒疫苗D. 蛋白疫苗9. 内分泌系统通过分泌激素来调节机体的生命活动。
上海市金山区2018届高三生命科学上学期期末质量监控试题
上海市金山区2018届高三生命科学上学期期末质量监控试题 考生注意：1．试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟。
2．本考试分设试卷和答题纸。
试卷包括两部分，第一部分全部为选择题，第二部分为综合分析题，包括填空题、选择题和简答题等题型。
3．考生应用2B 铅笔、钢笔或圆珠笔将答案直接写在答题纸上。
一、选择题（共40分，每小题2分。
每小题只有一个答案。
）1. 噬菌体是一种专门寄生在细菌体内的病毒，其遗传物质中不可能具有的核苷酸是2. 图1为某有机物的结构示意图，蛋白质水解酶可催化断裂的化学键是A ．①B ．②C ．③D ．④3. 图2表示细胞胞吐现象示意图，图示不能表达的生理过程是A ．突触小泡释放神经递质B ．浆细胞分泌抗体C ．胰岛细胞分泌胰岛素D ．巨噬细胞吞噬病菌4. 图3表示某同学用30%的蔗糖溶液处理洋葱表皮细胞后在显微镜下看到的某个细胞结构，X 和Y 分别表示原生质层长度和细胞长度，关于X/Y 值表述正确的是A ．X/Y 值越大，质壁分离程度越高B ．X/Y 值越小，质壁分离程度越小C ．一定浓度范围内，随蔗糖溶液升高，X/Y 值逐渐变小D ．一定浓度范围内，随蔗糖溶液降低，X/Y 值逐渐变小 5. ATP 被喻为生物体的“能量货币”，为生命活动直接提供能量。
图4是ATP 的结构示意图，下列叙述正确的是 A ．①表示腺苷 B ．②表示脱氧核糖C ．③断裂后释放的能量最多D ．④是高能磷酸键 图46. 小明用新鲜菠菜叶，按照实验要求完成了叶绿体色素提取与分离实验，并将实验纸层析结果绘制成坐标图，下列图示比较接近实验结果的是7. 图5表示细胞呼吸作用的过程，其中①、②、③代表有关生理过程，甲、乙、丙分别代表丙酮酸、二碳化合物、氧气。
其中能产生CO 2的过程是A ．过程①、②、③B ．过程①、②C ．过程②、③D ．过程①、③8. 图6为某小组研究酵母菌和乳酸菌呼吸方式的实验示意图，培养一段时间后小油滴的移动方向是A ．不移动B ．向左移动C ．向右移动D ．先左移后右移 9. 人体口腔中生活着一定数量的链球菌，其分泌的过氧化氢对一些病原菌有抑制作用，这种免疫方式属于A. 非特异性免疫B. 人工免疫C. 二次免疫D. 疫苗免疫10. 图7表示施用IAA （吲哚乙酸）对某种植物侧根数的影响。
2018上海高中学业水平考试生命科学生物等级考真题卷
2018上海⾼中学业⽔平考试⽣命科学⽣物等级考真题卷上海市2018学年度等级考监控测试⽣命科学试卷考⽣注意：1．试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟。
2．本考试分设试卷和答题纸。
试卷包括两部分，第⼀部分全部为选择题，第⼆部分为综合分析题，包括填空题、选择题和简答题等题型。
3．考⽣应⽤2B铅笔、钢笔或圆珠笔将答案直接写在答题纸上⼀．选择题（共40分，每⼩题2分，每⼩题只有⼀个正确答案）1. 图1为丙氨酸结构式，依据氨基酸结构通式，判定他的R基是（）A. -HB. -NH2C. -COOHD. -CH32. 我国科学家钟杨已保存种⼦4000万种，他的团队贡献属于保护⽣物多样性的措施（）A.就地保护B.迁地保护C.离体保护D.异地保护3. 图2为某动物细胞周期中各期时长，该细胞分裂间期时长为（）A. 1hB. 4hC. 12hD. 21h4. 使⽤显微镜⽬镜测微尺在低倍镜10X下测量变形⾍，测得⾍体长占20格，转换⾼倍镜40X⾍体所占格数为（）A. 10格B. 20格C. 40格D. 80格5. 表1为某同学设计的实验，该实验结果可以证明酶（）表1步骤1号试管2号试管1加淀粉液2ml加淀粉液2ml2加充⾜淀粉酶加充⾜脂肪酶3加碘液加碘液现象不变⾊变蓝A.具有⾼效性B. 具有专⼀性C. 本质为蛋⽩质D. 本质为RNA6.为⼀个基因型AaBb的⼟⾖，将其块茎埋⼊⼟中，其后代基因型为（）A. AaBbB. AaBBC. AABbD. aaBb7.如图3是⼈体内物质X和Y的代谢⽰意图，以下表述正确的是（）A.①表⽰糖酵解B.物质Y是丙酮酸C. Z表⽰卡尔⽂循环D. 物质X是脂肪8.发财树浇⽔太多容易导致烂根,烂根后植物能检测出（）A.⼄醇与CO2B. 仅CO2C. 仅O2 D. 仅H2O9.吸收外周组织中多余胆固醇并运到肝脏的脂蛋⽩主要是（）A.乳糜微粒CMB. ⾼密度脂蛋⽩HDLC. 低密度脂蛋⽩LDLD. 极低密度脂蛋⽩VLDL10. ⼩萌正在参加百⽶赛跑，下列状况中符合此时⾝体情况的是（）A. ⽀⽓管扩张，⼼跳加快B. ⽀⽓管收缩，⼼跳加快C. ⽀⽓管扩张，⼼跳减慢D. ⽀⽓管收缩，⼼跳减慢11. 图4是某植物细胞有丝分裂的光学显微镜照⽚，该细胞刚完成（）A. 细胞核分离B. 染⾊单体分离C. DNA双链解开D. 同源染⾊体分离12.图5表⽰⼈体精原细胞中第6号和第9号染⾊体形态，该精原细胞最终形成的正常精⼦中,可能出现的染⾊体形态是（）A B C D13.某异养⾃⽣固氮菌能将⼤⽓中氮还原成氨，欲在实验室中分离⼟壤中的该菌，在配制培养基时，⼀般不需要加⼊的是（）A.葡萄糖B. 氯化钠C. 蛋⽩胨D. 蒸馏⽔14.α淀粉酶被固定在污⽔处理器中，以便不断⽔解废⽔中的淀粉，这种对酶的利⽤⽅式，其优点是（）①可连续反应②易回收③可重复利⽤④酶的产量⾼A.①②④B. ①③④C. ①②③D. ②③④15.图6⽰⼼脏（仅显⽰左⼼房和左⼼室）活动的某⼀阶段，下列描述错误的是（）A.此时⼼脏活动是⼼室收缩B.此时⼤动脉活动管壁扩张C.测得的动脉⾎压为舒张压D.此时测得的动脉⾎压为收缩压16.如图7所⽰，M点的作⽤是（）A.促进根芽⽣长B.促进根茎芽⽣长C.促进根茎⽣长D.促进⽣长17.⼩萌⼀⼝⽓喝下1000ml⽔后,每分钟尿量变化如下图,则O→A⾎浆渗透压变化为（）A.先降后升B.⼀直上升C.先升后降D.持续下降调查某岛上昆⾍的翅形如图9，据图判断（）A.⼤翅昆⾍发⽣了进化B.⼤风导致原始昆⾍的变异C.原始昆⾍发⽣了定向变异D.⼤风对昆⾍翅的性状进⾏了选择18.科学家将⼩⿏的体细胞转⼊⼀种基因使之诱变为ips细胞，该类型细胞能发⽣如图10所⽰变化，则ips细胞属于（）A.受精卵B. 胚胎⼲细胞C. 单能⼲细胞D. 多能⼲细胞19.紫⾊长花粉（RRLL）与红⾊圆花粉（rrll）杂交，F1全是紫⾊长花粉。
最新-上海市黄浦区2018学年第一学期期末高三生物试卷 精品
2018学年度黄浦区高三期末质量抽测生物试卷（时间：90分钟满分：100分）姓名班级分数1．生命物质、生命活动和生命世界蕴藏着大量的尚未揭示的自然奥秘，其复杂性需待物质科学各门学科间交叉渗透、协同探索来解开。
以下是2018年十大科学突破中的四项，哪一项不属于生命科学的研究范畴………………………………………………（）A．“小矮人”的发现 B. 人类早期胚胎克隆成功C．凝聚态的研究 D. 百万新基因的发现2．2018年台湾物理学家研制出世界第一台“生物环境穿透式电子显微镜”，并用它发现了物质的第五态，以下哪个选项为第五态结构？…………………………………（）A．酯膜结构 B. 液晶结构C. 固态结构 D. 气态结构3．细胞周期人为的分为G1期、S期、G2期和m期，其中在电子显微镜下，看到最多的细胞是………………………………………………………………………………（）A．处于分裂状态下的细胞 B. DNA分子正式合成的细胞C．G1期细胞 D. G2期细胞4．以下说法正确的是…………………………………………………………………（）A．细胞工程主要指通过组织培养有计划改变或创造细胞遗传物质的技术B．植物器官不能离体培养C．试管动物是指在试管中培育产生的动物个体D．植物细胞在离体培养的条件下，所具有的器官分化和再生植株的功能，称为细胞全能性5．人体中含量最高的营养素是………………………………………………………（）A．维生素 B. 蛋白质 C. 水 D. 糖类6．平衡膳食又称合理膳食。
以下作法不正确的是…………………………………（）A．人类膳食中的营养素可以相互取代 B. 提倡低脂肪、低钠、低糖的膳食C．甜食易形成龋齿和过多的热能D．合理膳食保证了三种能源比例上的平衡7．人体散热的器官主要是皮肤，散热的方式属于……………………………………（）①辐射 ②传导 ③对流 ④蒸发 ⑤升华 A ．①②③④B. ①②③④⑤C. ②③④⑤D.⑤⑥则该病人血型是……………………………………………………………………（ ） A ．A 、Rh 阳性 B ．B 、Rh 阳性 C ．B 、Rh 阴性 D ．AB 、Rh 阳性 9．缺氧时，易造成脑细胞水肿，原因是……………………………………………（ ） A ．细胞内钠离子浓度增高 B. 细胞内钠离子浓度降低 C ．细胞内钾离子浓度降低 D. 细胞内钾离子浓度增高 10．静息的神经细胞中，膜内外两侧存在着电位差，离子分布……………………（ ） A ．内正外负B. 内负外正C. 电荷为零D. 钾离子向外扩散11．学习的机制和感觉记忆的生理基础是……………………………………………（ ） ①条件反射建立的过程 ②非条件反射建立的过程 ③新突触的不断形成 ④神经元活动的后作用 A ．①③B. ②④C. ①④D. ②③12．紫茉莉的花色遗传，红花C 控制，白花c 控制。
上海市黄浦区高三生命科学上学期期末调研测试试题
图2上海市黄浦区2018届高三生命科学上学期期末调研测试试题考生注意：1．全卷共8页，满分100分，考试时间60分钟。
2．本考试分设试卷和答题纸。
3．答题前，务必在答题纸上用钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔将学校、姓名及准考证号填写清楚。
作答必须涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。
一、选择题（共40分，每小题2分。
每小题只有一个正确选项。
）1. 图1是某同学观察到的动物细胞局部亚显微结构，图中所示的扁平囊和泡状结构组成的细胞器是A ．叶绿体B ．线粒体C ．核糖体D ．高尔基体2. 下列食物营养成分与鉴定试剂及显色反应之间的对应关系中，错误的是 A ．淀粉：碘液，蓝紫色 B ．还原糖：班氏试剂，红黄色 C ．脂肪：苏丹III 染液，橘红色 D ．蛋白质：双缩脲试剂，黄绿色3. 图2中a 、b 、c 、d 表示物质通过细胞膜的方式，其中属于主动运输方式的是A ．aB ．bC ．cD ．d4. 图3显微镜观察中的两个视野，若要由视野（1）变为视野（2），下列操作过程中正确的顺序是①转动粗调节器 ②转动细调节器 ③调节光圈 ④转动转换器 ⑤向右上方移动玻片 ⑥向左下方移动玻片A ．①③④⑤B ．⑤④③②C ．⑥④③②D ．④⑥③① 5. 预防细菌或病毒感染最有效的方法是接种疫苗，疫苗本质上属于 A ．抗原B ．抗体C ．淋巴因子D ．抗原受体6. 下列过程属于基因重组的是A ．基因中碱基对的增减和替换B ．染色体中某个片段的重复C ．同源染色体之间片段的交换D ．非同源染色体数目的变化图 1图37. 生物体中的某种肽酶可水解肽链末端的肽键，导致 A ．蛋白质分解为多肽链 B ．多肽链分解为若干短肽 C ．多肽链分解为氨基酸D ．氨基酸分解为氨基和碳链化合物8. 根据“探究洋葱表皮细胞外界溶液浓度与质壁分离关系”的实验经历及图4的实验结果，下列判断错误的是 A ．与结构1相比，结构3的伸缩性更大 B ．②中充满了细胞液C ．若使图示细胞恢复正常形态，需用清水引流D ．细胞若有活性，此时细胞液浓度可能等于外界溶液浓度9. 图5表示人体中葡萄糖和氨基酸的代谢途径，其中字母表示物质，物质Z 直接参与了过程③，下列叙述错误的是A ．过程①需要有氧条件B ．过程②为脱氨基作用C ．Z 是二碳化合物D ．过程③是三羧酸循环10. 图6为人体胚胎发育过程中细胞变化的示意图。
2018年上海市浦东新区区生物一模试卷
浦东新区2017学年度第一学期期末教学质量检测高二、高三年级生命科学(等级考)试卷本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分，满分100分。
考试时间为60分钟。
请将所有答案写在答题纸上，否则不给分第Ⅰ卷（共40分）一、选择题（共40分，每小题2分。
每小题只有一个正确答案）1．下列生物中，用碘液染色后显微镜下能观察到棕黄色球状结构的是……………（）A．水绵 B．颤藻 C． HIV D．大肠杆菌2．人体出现地方性甲状腺肿与肌肉抽搐症状是因为缺少……………………………（）A．碘、钙 B．钠、钙 C．铁、锌 D．钾、钠3．下列措施属于切断乙型肝炎传播途径的是…………………………………………（）A．隔离病人 B．消毒餐具 C．锻炼身体 D．接种疫苗4．下表中关于食物中营养物质的鉴定，材料、试剂和显色结果均正确的是………（）选项鉴定成分材料试剂显色结果班氏试剂加砖红色A还原性糖红心火龙果热B蛋白质鸡蛋清双缩脲试剂蓝色C淀粉大米碘液黑色D脂肪大豆油苏丹III试剂橘红色5．图1表示ATP的结构，下列相关叙述错误的是…………………………………（）A．①含有磷元素B．②很稳定细胞内相对胰岛素糖蛋ADPC．③表示核糖D．④表示腺嘌呤6．某酵母菌菌株基因突变，其线粒体失去了原有的功能，那么该菌株………………（）A．不能产生CO2B．不能利用氧气C．不能产生能量D．不能分解葡萄糖7．图2表示四种不同的物质在某动物细胞内外的相对浓度差异，其中通过图3所示的过程来维持细胞内外浓度差异的物质是………………………………………………（）图 2 图3A．阳离子A B．阳离子B C．胰岛素D．CO28．在人体糖代谢过程中，不能发生的是…………………………………………………（）A．肝糖原→血糖B．葡萄糖→脂肪C．CO2＋H2O→葡萄糖D．葡萄糖→C O2＋H2O＋能量9．下列选项的图示中，能正确表示突触前膜释放神经递质，引起突触后膜兴奋的是…（）A B C D10．猴子听到锣声就会作出爬杆的动作，下列相关叙述错误的是……………………（）A．该反射为条件反射B．锣声是无关刺激C．该反射由相应的反射弧完成D．为防止该反射消退，需要不断强化11．图4表示人体内某种免疫失调病的致病机理，据图判断下列相关叙述正确的是（）a细胞c物质红细胞b细胞吞噬图4A．a细胞表示致敏T细胞B．b细胞不能特异性识别抗原C．红细胞膜上无抗原物质D．c物质化学本质是多糖12．大丽菊块根上能长出芽，形成新的植株。
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图1细胞内细胞外相对浓度 胰岛素 CO 2 阳离子A 阳离子B 糖蛋白 ADP +Pi 上海市浦东新区2018届高三生命科学上学期期末教学质量检测试题本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分，满分100分。
考试时间为60分钟。
请将所有答案写在答题纸上，否则不给分第Ⅰ卷（共40分）一、选择题（共40分，每小题2分。
每小题只有一个正确答案）1．下列生物中，用碘液染色后显微镜下能观察到棕黄色球状结构的是……………（） A ．水绵 B ．颤藻 C ． HIV D ．大肠杆菌2．人体出现地方性甲状腺肿与肌肉抽搐症状是因为缺少……………………………（） A ．碘、钙 B ．钠、钙 C ．铁、锌 D ．钾、钠3．下列措施属于切断乙型肝炎传播途径的是…………………………………………（） A ．隔离病人 B ．消毒餐具 C ．锻炼身体 D ．接种疫苗4．下表中关于食物中营养物质的鉴定，材料、试剂和显色结果均正确的是………（）5．图1表示ATP 的结构，下列相关叙述错误的是…………………………………（）A ．①含有磷元素B ．②很稳定C ．③表示核糖D ．④表示腺嘌呤6．某酵母菌菌株基因突变，其线粒体失去了原有的功能，那么该菌株………………（）A ．不能产生CO 2B ．不能利用氧气C ．不能产生能量D ．不能分解葡萄糖7．图2表示四种不同的物质在某动物细胞内外的相对浓度差异，其中通过图3所示的过程来维持细胞内外浓度差异的物质是………………………………………………（）图2 图3A ．阳离子AB ．阳离子BC ．胰岛素D ．CO 2 8．在人体糖代谢过程中，不能发生的是…………………………………………………（） A ．肝糖原→血糖B ．葡萄糖→脂肪C ．CO 2＋H 2O →葡萄糖D ．葡萄糖→C O 2＋H 2O ＋能量9．下列选项的图示中，能正确表示突触前膜释放神经递质，引起突触后膜兴奋的是…（）+ + + + + +- - - - - - -_ ABCD+ + + + + +- - - - - - -+ + + + + +- - - - - - -_+ + + + + +_ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - -_图4a 细胞c 物质红细胞b 细胞吞噬10．猴子听到锣声就会作出爬杆的动作，下列相关叙述错误的是……………………（）A ．该反射为条件反射B ．锣声是无关刺激C ．该反射由相应的反射弧完成D ．为防止该反射消退，需要不断强化11．图4表示人体内某种免疫失调病的致病机理，据图判断下列相关叙述正确的是（）A ．a 细胞表示致敏T 细胞B ．b 细胞不能特异性识别抗原C ．红细胞膜上无抗原物质D ．c 物质化学本质是多糖12．大丽菊块根上能长出芽，形成新的植株。
这种生殖方式属于……………………（） A ．分裂生殖B ．出芽生殖C ．营养繁殖D ．有性生殖13．在红粒高杆的麦田里，偶然发现一株优质纯合白粒矮杆小麦。
欲获得大量的白粒矮杆麦种，最便捷的育种方法是…………………………………………………………（） A ．白粒矮杆自交B ．人工诱变C ．单倍体育种D ．两品种小麦杂交14．DNA 分子模板链上的碱基序列携带的遗传信息最终翻译的氨基酸如表1，若某tRNA 分子上与mRNA 配对的碱基序列为CGU ，则其所携带的氨基酸是……………（ ）表1A ．赖氨酸B ．丙氨酸C ．半胱氨酸D ．苏氨酸15．图5中①表示新鲜菠菜叶的光合色素纸层析结果，则②所示结果最有可能来自于（）A ．洋葱鳞叶B ．柳树幼叶C ．大蒜根尖D ．银杏落叶16．人饥饿时遇到寒冷刺激会表现出面色苍白，全身颤抖，下列相关叙述错误的是（）A ．感觉饥寒交迫的中枢在下丘脑B ．此时人体血糖浓度低，细胞产热不足以维持正常体温C ．该过程中，皮肤血流量减少，立毛肌收缩D ．该过程中，促甲状腺激素和胰高血糖素分泌增加17．某课题组研究激素类似物甲和乙对月季生根的影响，研究结果如图6所示。
下列相关叙述中错误的是…………………………（） A ．不含甲和乙的一组实验是对照组B ．甲促进月季生根的最适浓度是10μmol/L① ②图5图6月季插条生根数（条）激素类似物甲 激素类似物乙C．100μmol/L的乙对月季生根有抑制作用D．0.5μmol/L的乙对月季生根可能有促进作用18．当人体失血过多时，动脉血压快速降低。
此时人体出现的反应是………………（） A．副交感神经兴奋，心排血量增加B．交感神经兴奋，血管收缩C．交感神经抑制，血管舒张 D．副交感神经兴奋，血管舒张19．取蚕豆叶下表皮制作临时装片，依次在清水和0.3g/mL蔗糖溶液中观察，结果如图7所示。
下列相关叙述错误的是………………………………………………………（）液泡图7清水 0.3g/mL蔗糖溶液A．①表示保卫细胞，②表示气孔B．图中箭头表示的是蔗糖进出细胞的方向C．蔗糖溶液中保卫细胞可能出现质壁分离D．蔗糖溶液中保卫细胞因失水导致气孔关闭20．现有一组对胰岛素不敏感（注射胰岛素后血糖浓度无明显变化）的高血糖小鼠，为验证阿司匹林能恢复小鼠对胰岛素的敏感性，使小鼠的血糖浓度恢复正常，现将上述小鼠随机均分成若干组，表2表示各组处理方法及实验结果。
下列相关叙述正确的是（）表2注：“+” 和“－”分别表示添加和不添加A．第4组应选择血糖浓度正常的小鼠B．第l组的实验结果为正常C．第3组的实验结果为正常 D．两种药物都应通过饲喂的方式添加图10原尿水通道蛋白肾小管上皮细胞储存水通道 蛋白的囊泡刺激特异性受体ADH下丘脑ADH释放垂 体 细胞核BAC酶第Ⅱ卷（共60分）二、综合题（共60分）（一）（9分）细胞结构与细胞分裂细胞是生物体基本的结构和功能单位。
图8为细胞亚显微结构模式图。
(在[ ]内填编号，横线上填文字。
)21．（2分）图中细胞分解异物和衰老细胞器的结构是[ ]_________，该细胞生命活动所需要的能量主要来源于[ ]______。
22．（2分）与高等植物叶肉细胞相比，该细胞不具有的结构是__________。
（写出两项）某生物基因型为AaBb （两对等位基因分别位于两对染色体上）。
图9为该生物细胞分裂过程中某时期示意图。
23．（3分）图9细胞处于______________时期，图中所示同源染色体行为的生物学意义是___________________________________。
24．（2分）该生物进行减数分裂最多可能产生4种配子，这种产生配子种类多样性的变异来源是______________。
（二）（10分）生命活动的调节人体在受到某种刺激时，通过释放抗利尿激素（ADH ）促进肾小管上皮细胞利用细胞膜上的“水通道蛋白”重吸收水分，以调节人体内的水分平衡。
相应的调节过程如图10所示，其中A-C 表示体液。
25．（4分）据图分析，图10中的刺激可能是_____________________；下丘脑中与水分平衡调节有关的中枢是______________________；同一个体的肾小管上皮细胞与小肠上皮细胞形态结构具有显著差异的根本原因是____________________________。
图8图9图11CO 2C 5C 6H 12O 6ⅡⅠG O 2H 2OH +BFDCEAH + H +H + H +H + H + H + H + H +H + H +H + 900800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 040 35 30 25 20 15 10 50 光 照 强 度/μm o l ·m －2·s －1 叶 温/ ℃ 光照强度 叶温8∶00 9∶00 10∶00 11∶00 12∶00 13∶00 14∶00 15∶00 16∶0026．（3分）图10中A 所表示的内环境是________；体液B 与C 在含量上有显著差异的成分有________（举一例）；原尿中，不被重吸收的物质是______。
A ．氨基酸 B ．尿素 C ．葡萄糖 D ．K +27．（2分）据图分析，ADH 促进肾小管上皮细胞对水分重吸收的机理有_________（多选）。
A ．激活了图中酶的活性B ．为水通道蛋白的合成提供能量C ．促进储存水通道蛋白的囊泡向细胞膜移动D ．促进水通道蛋白的合成E ．促进B 中的水分子重吸收进入C28．（1分）膀胱的肌肉收缩引起排尿，尿液流经尿道时，刺激尿道使膀胱的肌肉进一步收缩，此过程属于________（正 / 负）反馈调节。
（三）（15分）光合作用光合作用是生物体生命活动赖以生存的营养和能量来源。
图11为黄瓜光合作用过程模式图，A-G 表示物质，I 和II 表示场所。
29．（2分）图11中，B 的化学本质和E 所表示的物质分别是_______。
A ．蛋白质和ATPB ．多糖和NADPHC ．RNA 和ATPD ．蛋白质和NADPH30．（2分）I 中积累H +的生理意义是______（多选）。
A ．为水的光解提供能量B ．形成膜内外两侧的H +浓度差C ．为ATP 合成提供能量D ．防止叶绿体色素被破坏科研人员研究温度和光照强度对黄瓜净光合速率Pn （光合作用消耗CO2速率减去呼吸作用产生CO2速率）的影响，以提高大棚黄瓜产量。
图12为大棚内实测温度和光照强度的日变化。
图13和图14分别为温度和光照强度对黄瓜净光合速率的影响。
e净光合速率 P n / C O 2μm o l ·m －2·s －1 0 20 30 400 500 1000 1500 2000 2500温度 / ℃光照强度 μmol·m －2·s －1净光合速率 P n / C O 2μm o l ·m －2·s －1 252015 10 525 20 15 10 5 0-5图13 图1431．（2分）图13中，黄瓜净光合速率是用___________________来表示的。
32．（4分）比较图12与图13、图12与图14的实验结果，分析并提出提高大棚黄瓜产量的措施及理由：________________________________________________________。
研究人员在适宜条件下，将去除淀粉的黄瓜叶片置于表3的 “A -E”组烧杯中，进一步注：“+”表示检出淀粉，加号越多检出淀粉量越大，“－”表示未检出淀粉33．（3分）比较分析A-D 四组实验，可以得出的结论有____________________________。
34．（2分）推测表3中E 组实验结果。
（四）（14分）遗传与变异鸡的羽毛颜色分为芦花性状和非芦花性状，由一对等位基因（B/b ）控制。