抽油机设计

摘要

抽油机是将石油从地下开采到地上的采油设备，它的产生和使用由来已久，已有百年历史。其中应用最早、普及最广的是游梁式抽油机，早在130年前就诞生了。常规游梁式抽油机具有结构简单、容易制造、可靠性高、耐久性好、维修方便、适应现场工况等优点，在采油机械中占有举足轻重的地位，在今后相当长的一段时间内仍是油田首选的采油设备。但是由于常规游梁式抽油机本身的结构特征，决定了其具有平衡效果差，曲柄轴净扭矩波动大，存在负扭矩、工作效率低和能耗大等缺点。本文主要是针对一种节能效果较好的双驴头抽油机进行设计。双驴头抽油机是将常规游梁式抽油机的游梁后臂加装后驴头, 用驱动绳来代替连杆的硬连接, 以满足变力臂的工作要求。这种抽油机节能效果较好, 是目前除常规机外发展最迅速的机型，应为油田新井投产首选机型。

关键词：抽油机；双驴头；节能效果

Abstract

Pumping units is the production of oil from the ground to the ground equipment, generation and use of it for a long time, has a history. Is one of the earliest and most widely popular of beam-pumping unit, was born as early as 130 years ago. Conventional beam pumping unit with a simple structure, easy to manufacture, high reliability, durability, easy maintenance, adapt to the conditions and so on, play a vital role in the production machinery, quite a long time in the future is still the preferred oil production in oil field equipment. But due to the structural characteristics of conventional beam pumping unit itself, determines that they have poor balance, net torque fluctuation of crank shaft, torque, efficiency, low energy consumption and other disadvantages. This article is intended for a better design of dual Horsehead pumping unit energy saving effect. It will beam of conventional beam pumping unit rear arm fitted horse head, by driving rope to replace the hard-link connection, to meet the requirements of arm. This energy-saving pumping unit works well, is at present apart from the General model of the fastest. This system efficiency and power saving rate for energy saving effect evaluation indicators, undertake a study on energy saving effect of double horse head, results showed that average power saving rate of 13 per cent of dual Horsehead pumping unit. 53%, energy-saving effect is good, for the production of a new oil well preferred models.

Keywords: pumping unit；double horse head；energy saving effect

目录

第1章概述 (1)

1.1抽油机概述 (1)

1.2 国内外抽油机的技术现状及发展趋势 (2)

1.3抽油机的工况条件及技术经济评估 (6)

1.4 设计目的 (7)

1.5 设计要求 (8)

第2章整体设计及基本参数的确定 (9)

2.1整体结构的确定 (9)

2.2抽油机冲程和冲次的确定 (10)

2.3悬点载荷计算 (12)

2.4抽油机减速箱曲柄轴最大扭矩计算 (19)

第3章抽油机运动分析及基本尺寸确定 (20)

3.1双驴头抽油机的简化模型和几何关系 (20)

3.2抽油机的运动分析 (25)

3.3抽油机的悬点运动规律 (27)

第4章抽油机部件的设计 (30)

4.1 电动机和减速器的选择 (30)

4.2钢丝绳的选用和设计 (30)

4.3横梁和连杆的设计 (31)

4.4轴的设计 (32)

4.5V带的设计 (36)

4.6平衡重的设计 (37)

4.7游梁和前后驴头的设计 (39)

4.8键的设计 (41)

第5章主要零部件校核 (42)

5.1轴承的强度校核 (43)

5.2连杆的强度校核计算 (43)

5.3曲柄销强度计算 (44)

5.4横梁的强度校核计算 (44)

5.5键的强度校核计算 (45)

5.6游梁强度的校核 (46)

5.7钢丝绳的强度校核 (46)

结论 (47)

参考文献 (48)

致谢 (50)