英语文献摘抄
英文作文文献综述
英文作文文献综述1. The study by Smith et al. (2018) examined the impact of social media use on mental health among adolescents. The findings suggested a significant correlation between excessive use of social media and increased levels of anxiety and depression in this age group.2. In their research, Johnson and Brown (2017) explored the relationship between physical activity and cognitive function in older adults. The results indicated that regular exercise not only improved overall cognitive abilities but also reduced the risk of developing dementia in later life.3. The article by Chen et al. (2019) delved into the effects of mindfulness meditation on stress reduction. The study revealed that individuals who practiced mindfulness experienced lower levels of stress and reported a greater sense of well-being compared to those who did not engage in such activities.4. A recent investigation by Lee and Kim (2020) investigated the impact of sleep deprivation on academic performance in college students. The findings demonstrated a clear negative association between lack of sleep and lower grades, highlighting the importance of adequate rest for cognitive functioning.5. The research conducted by Garcia and Martinez (2016) focused on the benefits of bilingualism on cognitive development in children. Their study found that bilingual individuals exhibited enhanced problem-solving abilities and a greater capacity for multitasking compared to monolinguals.6. The study by Wang et al. (2018) examined the relationship between smartphone use and attention span in young adults. The results indicated that prolonged use of smartphones was linked to a decline in attention span and an increased likelihood of experiencing symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).7. In their investigation, Patel and Gupta (2019) explored the impact of music therapy on patients with chronic pain. Their findings suggested that music therapy not only provided relief from pain but also contributed to improved mood and overall quality of life for individuals suffering from long-term pain conditions.8. The article by Turner et al. (2017) discussed the effects of dietary habits on mental health outcomes. Their research revealed that a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains was associated with lower rates of depression and anxiety, highlighting the importance of nutrition in mental well-being.。
英文文献文章
英文文献文章English Version:Title: Navigating the World of Academic LiteratureAcademic literature serves as the backbone of scholarly communication, providing a platform for researchers to share their findings, insights, and perspectives. It plays a crucial role in the advancement of knowledge and the dissemination of research.One of the key features of academic literature is its meticulous documentation and citation practices. This ensures that the work is transparent, verifiable, and contributes to the existing body of knowledge. Authors are expected to adhere to strict guidelines when it comes to formatting, referencing, and presenting their research to maintain a standard of academic integrity.The process of engaging with academic literature begins with a thorough review of existing publications. This often involves sifting through numerous articles, journals, and databases to identify relevant studies. Databases such as JSTOR, PubMed, and Google Scholar are invaluable resources for researchers looking to build a foundation of understanding in their field.As researchers delve deeper into their topic, they often encounter a variety of writing styles and methodologies. The ability to critically evaluate the sources and extract pertinent information is an essential skill. It is also important to recognize the cultural and linguistic nuances that may be present in literature from different regions.When reading academic literature, it's important to take notes and summarize key points. This not only aids in comprehension but also serves as a reference for future work. Highlighting, annotating, and creating a structured summary are common practices that help in synthesizing the information.The ultimate goal of academic literature is to contribute to the ongoing dialogue within a particular discipline. By publishing their research, authors hope to stimulate further inquiry, debate, and innovation. The impact of a piece of literature is often measured by its citations, reviews, and the influence it has on subsequent studies.In conclusion, academic literature is a vital component of the research landscape.It requires a commitment to严谨的研究和批判性思维，but the rewards of engaging with this rich source of knowledge are immense.Chinese Translation:标题：探索学术文献的世界学术文献是学术交流的支柱，为研究人员提供了一个分享他们的发现、见解和观点的平台。
2023年最新的英语论文参考文献8篇
2023年最新的英语论文参考文献8篇基本格式为：[序号]著者.书名.其他责任者（如编者、译者）版本.出版地:出版者,出版年:起止页码.书名用斜体，文章名用正体，所载杂志名用斜体。
[1] 一个人撰写的著作：作者的姓在前，名在后Swell, Arthur. Katherine Mansfield---A Critical Essay [C]. New Zealand: Unicorn Press, 1936:77-78.[2]两人撰写的著作：其中第二位作家姓名不用颠倒Leech, Geoffrey. and M. Short. Style in Fiction: A Linguistic Introduction to English Fictional Prose [M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2023: 10-12.[3]三人及以上撰写的著作：只需要写出第一位作家姓名，其余用et al.表示Chiu, Aman et al. Dictionary of Contemporary English [M], 2nd ed. Shanghai: The Commercial Press, 1998:86-88.[4] 选集：主编用ed.表示Warnar, Alan, ed. Advanced English [M]. Shanghai: Fudan UniversityPress, 2023: 102-103.[5] 译著：翻译用Trans.表示Flaubert, Gustave. Madae Bovary [M]. Trans. Gerard Hopkins. New York: Dell Publishing Company, Inc., 1959: 36-38.[6] 多人合著选集中的一篇文章Halliday, Michael. Linguistic Function and Literary Style: An Inquiry into the Language of William Golding’s The Inheritors [A], S. Chatman, ed. Literary Style: A Symposium [C]. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971: 45-47.[7] 作家论文集中的一篇文章[序号] 作者.题名.文集编者姓名.会议文集名.出版地:出版者,出版年:起止页码.Woolf, Virginia. A Terribly Sensitive Mind [A]. The Essays of Virginia Woolf [C], Vol. 4. London: The Hogarth Press, 1994:80-82.[8] 学术刊物中的论文[序号] 作者. 题名. 刊名, 出版年（期号）: 起止页码.Miller, Hillis J. and Jin Huimin. The Permanent Rhetorical Reading [J]. Foreign Literature Review, 2023 (1): 141-143.[9] 网络或电子文献[序号] 主要负责者.题名.电子文献的出处或可获得地址,发表或更新日期/引用日期（任选）.Gilles Fauconnier 所属学会;学历或授予的荣誉;所在单位;通讯地址和电子邮箱;电话和传真。
英语论文参考文献精选3篇
英语论文参考文献精选3篇英语论文参考文献精选1篇英文及其它语种的文献在前，中文文献在后，参照以下标准执行。
期刊论文Bolinger, D. 1965. The atomization of word meaning [J]. Language 41 (4): 555-573.朱永生，2006，名词化、动词化与语法隐喻[J]，《外语教学与研究》(2)：83-90。
论文集论文Bybee, J. 1994. The grammaticization of zero: Asymmetries in tense and aspect systems [A]. In W. Pagliuca (ed.). Perspectives on Grammaticalization [C]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 235-254.文秋芳，2003a，英语学习者动机、观念、策略的变化规律与特点 [A]。
载文秋芳、王立非(编)，《英语学习策略实证研究》[C]。
西安：陕西师范大学出版社。
255-259。
网上文献Jiang, Yan. 2000. The Tao of verbal communication: An Elementary textbook on pragmatics and discourse analysis [OL]. (accessed 30/04/2006).王岳川，2004，当代传媒中的网络文化与电视批评[OL]， (2005年11月18日读取)。
专著Bloomfield, L. 1933. Language [M]. New York: Holt.吕叔湘、朱德熙，1952，《语法修辞讲话》[M]。
北京：中国青年出版社。
译著Nedjalkov, V. P. (ed.). 1983/1988. Typology of Resultative Constructions, trans. Bernard Comrie [C]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.赵元任，1968/1980，《中国话的文法》(A Grammar of Spoken Chinese)[M]，丁邦新译。
英文文献全文翻译
英文文献全文翻译全文共四篇示例，供读者参考第一篇示例：LeGuin, Ursula K. (December 18, 2002). "Dancing at the Edge of the World: Thoughts on Words, Women, Places".《世界边缘的舞蹈：关于语言、女性和地方的思考》Introduction:In "Dancing at the Edge of the World," Ursula K. LeGuin explores the intersection of language, women, and places. She writes about the power of words, the role of women in society, and the importance of our connection to the places we inhabit. Through a series of essays, LeGuin invites readers to think critically about these topics and consider how they shape our understanding of the world.Chapter 1: LanguageConclusion:第二篇示例：IntroductionEnglish literature translation is an important field in the study of language and culture. The translation of English literature involves not only the linguistic translation of words or sentences but also the transfer of cultural meaning and emotional resonance. This article will discuss the challenges and techniques of translating English literature, as well as the importance of preserving the original author's voice and style in the translated text.Challenges in translating English literature第三篇示例：Title: The Importance of Translation of Full English TextsTranslation plays a crucial role in bringing different languages and cultures together. More specifically, translating full English texts into different languages allows for access to valuable information and insights that may otherwise be inaccessible to those who do not speak English. In this article, we will explore the importance of translating full English texts and the benefits it brings.第四篇示例：Abstract: This article discusses the importance of translating English literature and the challenges translators face when putting together a full-text translation. It highlights the skills and knowledge needed to accurately convey the meaning and tone of the original text while preserving its cultural and literary nuances. Through a detailed analysis of the translation process, this article emphasizes the crucial role translators play in bridging the gap between languages and making English literature accessible to a global audience.IntroductionEnglish literature is a rich and diverse field encompassing a wide range of genres, styles, and themes. From classic works by Shakespeare and Dickens to contemporary novels by authors like J.K. Rowling and Philip Pullman, English literature offers something for everyone. However, for non-English speakers, accessing and understanding these works can be a challenge. This is where translation comes in.Translation is the process of rendering a text from one language into another, while striving to preserve the original meaning, tone, and style of the original work. Translating afull-length English text requires a deep understanding of both languages, as well as a keen awareness of the cultural andhistorical context in which the work was written. Additionally, translators must possess strong writing skills in order to convey the beauty and complexity of the original text in a new language.Challenges of Full-text TranslationTranslating a full-length English text poses several challenges for translators. One of the most significant challenges is capturing the nuances and subtleties of the original work. English literature is known for its rich and layered language, with intricate wordplay, metaphors, and symbolism that can be difficult to convey in another language. Translators must carefully consider each word and phrase in order to accurately convey the author's intended meaning.Another challenge of full-text translation is maintaining the author's unique voice and style. Each writer has a distinct way of expressing themselves, and a good translator must be able to replicate this voice in the translated text. This requires a deep understanding of the author's writing style, as well as the ability to adapt it to the conventions of the target language.Additionally, translators must be mindful of the cultural and historical context of the original work. English literature is deeply rooted in the history and traditions of the English-speaking world, and translators must be aware of these influences in orderto accurately convey the author's intended message. This requires thorough research and a nuanced understanding of the social, political, and economic factors that shaped the work.Skills and Knowledge RequiredTo successfully translate a full-length English text, translators must possess a wide range of skills and knowledge. First and foremost, translators must be fluent in both the source language (English) and the target language. This includes a strong grasp of grammar, syntax, and vocabulary in both languages, as well as an understanding of the cultural and historical context of the works being translated.Translators must also have a keen eye for detail and a meticulous approach to their work. Every word, sentence, and paragraph must be carefully considered and translated with precision in order to accurately convey the meaning of the original text. This requires strong analytical skills and a deep understanding of the nuances and complexities of language.Furthermore, translators must possess strong writing skills in order to craft a compelling and engaging translation. Translating a full-length English text is not simply a matter of substituting one word for another; it requires creativity, imagination, and a deep appreciation for the beauty of language. Translators mustbe able to capture the rhythm, cadence, and tone of the original work in their translation, while also adapting it to the conventions of the target language.ConclusionIn conclusion, translating a full-length English text is a complex and challenging task that requires a high level of skill, knowledge, and creativity. Translators must possess a deep understanding of both the source and target languages, as well as the cultural and historical context of the work being translated. Through their careful and meticulous work, translators play a crucial role in making English literature accessible to a global audience, bridging the gap between languages and cultures. By preserving the beauty and complexity of the original text in their translations, translators enrich our understanding of literature and bring the works of English authors to readers around the world.。
傲慢与偏见引用文献英语
傲慢与偏见引用文献英语
以下是一些引用《傲慢与偏见》的英语文献：
1. Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. London: Penguin, 2003.
2. Byrd, Susan. "The Economics of Marriage in Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice." The Journal of Economic Perspectives 15, no. 4 (1999): 209-21.
3. Doody, Margaret Anne. "Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice and the Politics of the Family." Feminist Studies 18, no. 2 (1992): 265-86.
4.世袭, 简. "傲慢与偏见" 的浪漫喜剧. 纽约: 企鹅出版集团, 1994.
4. 坦普尔顿, 玛丽莲. "傲慢与偏见" 中的社会阶层和女性角色. 《英语文学研究》, 1990.
这些文献涵盖了对《傲慢与偏见》的各种分析，包括经济学、女性主义和文学研究等方面的观点。
你可以根据自己的需求选择适合的文献进行引用。
请注意，在引用文献时，应遵循相应的引用规范。
英文论文参考文献
英文论文参考文献1. Smith, J., Johnson, A. L., & Williams, R. (2018). The effects of social media on self-esteem and body image in young adults. Journal of Applied Psychology, 43(2), 145-156.2. Brown, L., & Harper, R. (2019). The impact of technology on interpersonal relationships: A systematic review. Communication Research, 36(4), 412-428.3. Jones, S., & Kessler, R. (2020). Online communication and social anxiety: A meta-analysis. Computers in Human Behavior, 52, 121-131.4. Wilson, M., & Smith, K. (2017). The influence of social media on political participation among young adults. Political Psychology, 39(3), 487-502.5. Thompson, P., & Anderson, J. (2016). The role of social media in fostering entrepreneurship: A systematic review. Journal of Business Venturing, 31(6), 541-554.6. Smith, M., & Johnson, L. (2019). The impact of social media on mental health and well-being: A literature review. Journal of Mental Health, 45(2), 167-179.7. Brown, C., & Jones, D. (2018). The influence of social media on consumer behavior: A systematic review. International Journal of Advertising, 37(2), 279-310.8. Wilson, R., & Davis, J. (2017). The effects of social media onacademic performance: A meta-analysis. Educational Psychology Review, 29(3), 419-434.9. Thompson, K., & Smith, L. (2019). The impact of social media on body satisfaction and eating disorder symptoms in young women. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 42(6), 630-639.10. Johnson, M., & Williams, S. (2018). The effects of social media on sleep quality and mental health in adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 63(6), 743-748.。
毕业论文英文参考文献
毕业论文英文参考文献论文的参考文献是在英语专业论文写作过程中，对某一著作或论文的整体的参考或借鉴。
征引过的文献在注释中已注明，不再出现于文后参考文献中。
下面是店铺带来的关于毕业论文英文参考文献的内容，欢迎阅读参考!毕业论文英文参考文献(一)[1]徐安律.原住民小说《圆屋》获美国国家图书奖[N].中华读书报，2012(004).[2]Coulombe,JosephL.ReadingNativeAmericanLiterature[M\. NewYork:Routledge,2011.[3]Erdrich,Louise.TheRoundHouse\M\.NewYork:HarperCollin sPublishers,2012.[J].作家，2013(12)：1.[4]杨恒.弱者的失语法律的缺位--评美国国家图书奖获奖作品《圆屋》[J].博览群书，2013(6)：84-88.[5]Said,Edward.CultureandImprerialism[M].NewYork:Vintage Books,1994.[6]Erdrich,Louise.LoveMedicine[M],NewYork:HarperPerennia l,1993.[7]罗世平.凝视：后殖民主义文学折射[J].国外文学，2006(4)：122.[8]任一鸣.《后殖民：批评理论与文学》[M].北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2008.[9]Halliday,Lisa.LouiseErdrich[J].ParisReview,2010(52)：133-137.[10]温语晴.书写印第安文化的温暖和困境一美国当代作家路易丝·厄德里克和她的作品.[11]陈榕.《凝视》[A].《西方文论关键词》[C].ed.赵一凡.北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2011.[12]Russo,Maria.Disturbing the spirits[i]. New York TimesBook Review, 2012(10): 9[13]Said, Edward. Culture and Imprerialism[M]. New York: Vintage Books,1994.[14]Fanon,Frantz. The Wretched of the Earth[M]. New York: Grove Press,1968.[15]徐安律.原住民小说《圆屋》获美国国家图书奖[N].中华读书报，2012(004).毕业论文英文参考文献(二)[1] 陈鹏.高速公路服务区及收费站建筑节能研究[D].中南大学，2007[2] 清华大学建筑节能研究中心.中国建筑节能年度发展研究报告[M]2014.北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2014:39[3] 李慧玲.绿色建筑理念下的高速公路服务区建筑设计研究[D].西安：长安大学，2011[4] 公通字[2009]46 号.民用建筑外保温系统及外墙装饰防火暂行规定[S].新乡市建筑工程质量监督站印发.2009[5] 汤旭东.建筑工程中的现浇聚苯复合材料屋面保温技术[J].江西建材，2014,(11)：45[6] 杨欣霖.高速公路服务区绿色建筑技术体系研究[D].西安：长安大学，2011[7] 欧志华，郭俊明.浅谈我国建筑节能50%设计标准的含义[J].建筑节能，2007,35(12)：60-62[8] 邹惠芬，王国业，郭立杰等.严寒地区窗户热工性能对建筑能耗的影响分析[J].沈阳建筑大学学报(自然科学版).2009,25(5)：982-986[9] 崔洪军，刘孔杰.国外服务区建设及研究现状[J].中国交通报，2008,(12)：138-139[10] 郎松军.建筑结露的起因和防治方法初探[J].四川建筑，2002,22(Z1)：201-203[11] 王金奎，史慧芳，邵旭.体形系数在公共建筑节能设计中的应用[J].低温建筑技术，2010,(5)：98-99[12] 王丽颖，丘雨佳.对德国被动式居住建筑节能技术的考察[J].长春工程学院学报，2013,14(3)：38-40[13] 赖有志，陆京海，杨军霞，张童.现浇轻质泡沫混凝土在屋面工程中的应用[J].施工技术.2011,40(14)：79-94毕业论文英文参考文献(三)[1]蒋花，史志康.整合与对话一论《金色笔记》中的戏仿[J].当代外国文学，2007(2)：78.[2]黄梅.女人的危机和小说的危机--女人与小说杂谈之四[J].读书，1988(01)：5.[3]孙宗白.真诚的女作家多丽丝·莱辛[J].外国文学研宄，1981(3)：70.[4]施旻.《金色笔记》是女性主义文本吗·一关于多丽丝·莱辛及其《金色笔记》的论争[J].东岳论丛，2000(5)： 132-134.[5]李福祥.多丽丝·莱辛笔下的政治与妇女主题[J].外国文学评论，1993(4)：40-43[6]黎会华·多丽丝·莱辛《金色笔记》中的现代主义技巧分析[J].外语研究，2003(6)：73.[7]陈才宇，刘新民.金色笔记[M].北京：译林出版社，2000.[8]黎会华·解构菲勒斯中心：构建新型女性主义主体一《金色笔记》的女性主义阅读[J].浙江师范大学学报，2004(3)：33.[9]韩小敏，纪卫宁.析伍尔夫与莱辛文学创作的相似性[J].理论专刊，2004(8)：125-126.[10]姜红.有意味的形式[J].外国文学，2003(4)：96-98.[11]徐燕.《金色笔记》的超小说艺术[J].宁波大学学报，2003(3)：78-80[12]蒋花，史志康.整合与对话一论《金色笔记》中的戏仿[J].当代外国文学，2007(2)：78.[13]卢婧.《金色笔记》的艺术形式与作者莱辛的人生体验[D].南京师范大学博士学位论文，2008.[14]佘海若.迟来的正义：被缚的自由女性一记2007年诺贝尔文学奖[J].今日科苑，2007(23)： 19-24.[15]刘颖.建构女性的主体性话语一评多丽丝·莱辛的《金色笔记》[J].邵阳学院学报，2004(4).[16]范晓红.从《金色笔记》解读多丽丝·莱辛的生态整体观[D].南京师范大学，2011.[17]Brewster, Dorothy. Doris Lessing\M\. New York: Wayne, 1965: 161.[18]Spilka, Mark. Lessing and Lawrence: the Battle of theContemporary Literature,1975(16)： 218-240.。
英文文献小短文(原文加汉语翻译)
A fern that hyperaccumulates arsenic(这是题目，百度一下就能找到原文好，原文还有表格，我没有翻译)A hardy, versatile, fast-growing plant helps to remove arsenic from contaminated soilsContamination of soils with arsenic,which is both toxic and carcinogenic, is widespread1. We have discovered that the fern Pteris vittata (brake fern) is extremely efficient in extracting arsenic from soils and translocating it into its above-ground biomass. This plant —which, to our knowledge, is the first known arsenic hyperaccumulator as well as the first fern found to function as a hyperaccumulator— has many attributes that recommend it for use in the remediation of arsenic-contaminated soils.We found brake fern growing on a site in Central Florida contaminated with chromated copper arsenate (Fig. 1a). We analysed the fronds of plants growing at the site for total arsenic by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy. Of 14 plant species studied, only brake fern contained large amounts of arsenic (As;3,280–4,980 p.p.m.). We collected additional samples of the plant and soil from the contaminated site (18.8–1,603 p.p.m. As) and from an uncontaminated site (0.47–7.56 p.p.m. As). Brake fern extracted arsenic efficiently from these soils into its fronds: plants growing in the contaminated site contained 1,442–7,526p.p.m. Arsenic and those from the uncontaminated site contained 11.8–64.0 p.p.m. These values are much higher than those typical for plants growing in normal soil, which contain less than 3.6 p.p.m. of arsenic3.As well as being tolerant of soils containing as much as 1,500 p.p.m. arsenic, brake fern can take up large amounts of arsenic into its fronds in a short time (Table 1). Arsenic concentration in fern fronds growing in soil spiked with 1,500 p.p.m. Arsenic increased from 29.4 to 15,861 p.p.m. in two weeks. Furthermore, in the same period, ferns growing in soil containing just 6 p.p.m. arsenic accumulated 755 p.p.m. Of arsenic in their fronds, a 126-fold enrichment. Arsenic concentrations in brake fern roots were less than 303 p.p.m., whereas those in the fronds reached 7,234 p.p.m.Addition of 100 p.p.m. Arsenic significantly stimulated fern growth, resulting in a 40% increase in biomass compared with the control (data not shown).After 20 weeks of growth, the plant was extracted using a solution of 1:1 methanol:water to speciate arsenic with high-performance liquid chromatography–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Almostall arsenic was present as relatively toxic inorganic forms, with little detectable organoarsenic species4. The concentration of As(III) was greater in the fronds (47–80%) than in the roots (8.3%), indicating that As(V) was converted to As(III) during translocation from roots to fronds.As well as removing arsenic from soils containing different concentrations of arsenic (Table 1), brake fern also removed arsenic from soils containing different arsenic species (Fig. 1c). Again, up to 93% of the arsenic was concentrated in the fronds. Although both FeAsO4 and AlAsO4 are relatively insoluble in soils1, brake fern hyperaccumulated arsenic derived from these compounds into its fronds (136–315 p.p.m.)at levels 3–6 times greater than soil arsenic.Brake fern is mesophytic and is widely cultivated and naturalized in many areas with a mild climate. In the United States, it grows in the southeast and in southern California5. The fern is versatile and hardy, and prefers sunny (unusual for a fern) and alkaline environments (where arsenic is more available). It has considerable biomass, and is fast growing, easy to propagate,and perennial.We believe this is the first report of significant arsenic hyperaccumulationby an unmanipulated plant. Brake fern has great potential to remediate arsenic-contaminated soils cheaply and could also aid studies of arsenic uptake, translocation, speciation, distribution and detoxification in plants. *Soil and Water Science Department, University ofFlorida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-0290, USAe-mail: lqma@†Cooperative Extension Service, University ofGeorgia, Terrell County, PO Box 271, Dawson,Georgia 31742, USA‡Department of Chemistry & SoutheastEnvironmental Research Center, FloridaInternational University, Miami, Florida 33199,1. Nriagu, J. O. (ed.) Arsenic in the Environment Part 1: Cyclingand Characterization (Wiley, New York, 1994).2. Brooks, R. R. (ed.) Plants that Hyperaccumulate Heavy Metals (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1998).3. Kabata-Pendias, A. & Pendias, H. in Trace Elements in Soils and Plants 203–209 (CRC, Boca Raton, 1991).4. Koch, I., Wang, L., Ollson, C. A., Cullen, W. R. & Reimer, K. J. Envir. Sci. Technol. 34, 22–26 (2000).5. Jones, D. L. Encyclopaedia of Ferns (Lothian, Melbourne, 1987).积累砷的蕨类植物耐寒，多功能，生长快速的植物，有助于从污染土壤去除砷有毒和致癌的土壤砷污染是非常广泛的。
英语类论文参考文献（3篇）
英语类论文参考文献（3篇）英语类论文参考文献（3篇）英语类论文参考文献(一)[1] Kemmis.S&R.Mc Taggart. The Action Research Planne[M]. Geelong, Victoria; Deakin University Press, 1982.[2] Hustler. D, T. Cassidy & J. Cuff(eds.). Action Research in Classroom and Schools [C]. Inndon: Allen & Unwin, 1986.[4] Cohen, L.& Mansion, L. ResearchMethods in Education (4th ed.)[M]. London and New Youk: Routledge, 1994.[5] Richards, J. C.& C. Lockhart. Reflective Teaching in Second Language Calssrooms [M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.[6]胡青球.行动研究:教学与科研紧密结合的桥梁式研究方法[J].山东外语教学, 2002 (5): 54-56.[7]李静纯.导读[A].华莱士.语言教师行动研究[M].北京:人民教育出版社, 2000.[8]王蔷.英语教师行动研究[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 2002.[9]支永碧.从行动研究到行动教育[J].大连:外语与外语教学, 2008 (9): 28-33.[1]郭建中.当代美国翻译理论[M].武汉：湖北教育出版社，2000[2]王慧.论翻译教学中思维能力的培养[J].吉林省教育学院学报，2009(10)[3]白晓莉.大学英语翻译教学现状及对策分[J].读与写(教育教学刊)，2008(5)[4]刘宓庆.翻译教学：实务与理论[M].北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，2007[5]萧立明.英汉比较研究与翻译[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社，2002[6]何刚强.当代英汉互译指导与实践[M].上海:华东理工大学出版社，1997[7]程镇球.政治文章的翻译要讲政治[J].中国翻译，2003(3).[8]杨全红.简论汉英新词翻译[J].中国翻译，1999(3).Malley，J& A. Chamot. Learner Strategies in Second Language Acquisition [M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1990Neil J. Anderson,《《第二语言阅读探索：问题与策略》》外语教学与研究出版社 2004郑敏.对语言学习策略分类框架的质疑[J ].外语与外语教学,200(12):33 - 35.英语类论文参考文献(二)[1] Aitchison, J. 1987. Words in the Mind: An Introduction to the Mental Lexicon [M]. Oxford: Basil lackwell.[2] Blakemore, D. 1992. Understanding Utterances [M]. Oxford: Blackwell.[3] Blakemore, D. 2002. Relevance and Linguistic Meaning: The Semantics and Pragmatics of Discourse Markers [M]. Cambridge: CUP.[4] Ellis, R. 1994. The Study of Second Language Acquisition [M]. Oxford: OUP.[5] Emmorey, K. D. & V. A. Fromkin. 1990. The mental lexicon[A]. In J. Frederick (ed.). Language:The Cambridge Survey: Psychological and Biological Aspects [C]. Newmeyer: CUP.[6] Garnham, A. 1985. Psycholinguistics:#from 英语类论文参考文献（3篇）来自end# Central T opics [M]. Cambridge: CUP.[7] Anderson , A. et al. 1999. Cross-linguistic evidence for the early acquisition of discourse markers as register variables [J]. Journal of Pragmatics (10): 1339-1351.[8] Wesche, M. & T. M. Paribakht. 1996. Assessing vocabulary knowledge: Depth vs. breadth [J].Canadian Modern LanguageReview (10): 13-40.[9] 丁言仁.2004.第二语言习得研究与英语学习 [M].上海:上海外语教育出版社.[10]束定芳，庄智象.1996.现代外语教学理论、方法与实践[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社.[11]文秋芳. 2001.英语学习的成功之路[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社.[12]陈新仁.2002.话语联系语与英语议论文写作:调查分析[J].外语教学与研究(5):350-354.[13]崔刚.1994.布鲁卡氏失语症实例研究[J].外语教学与研究(1):272-33.[14]桂诗春.2004.我国外语教学的新思考[J].外国语(4):229.[15]何安平，徐曼菲.2003.中国大学生英语口语Small Words的研究[J].外语教学与研究(6):446-452.[16]黄远振.2001.词的形态理据与词汇习得的相关性[J].外语教学与研究(6):430–435.[17]文秋芳.2002.编写英语专业教材的重要原则[J].外语界(1):7-21.[18]文秋芳.2003.频率作用与二语习得[J].外语教学与研究(2):151-154.英语类论文参考文献(三)文献类型标识：普通图书[M], 会议录[C], 汇编[G], 报纸[N], 期刊[J]学位论文[D], 报告[R]，标准[S]，专利[P]，数据库[DB]计算机程序[CP]，电子公告[EB] 磁带[MT]，磁盘[DK]光盘[CD]，联机网络[OL]专著类【格式】[序号]作者.书名[M].出版地：出版社，出版年份.[1]何兆熊. 新编语用学概论[M]. 上海：上海外语教育出版社, 2000.[2]Brown, P. & Levinson, S.C. Politeness: Universals in Language Usage [M].Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.期刊类[3]刘建达.中国学生英语语用能力的测试[J]. 外语教学与研究, 2006(4): 259-265.[4]Cameron, L. Confrontations or Complementarities? Metaphor in Language Use and Cognitive Metaphor Theory [J]. Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics, 2007(5): 107-135.报纸类[5]李大伦.经济全球化时代英语学习的重要性[N]. 光明日报，1998-12-27(3).[6]French, W. Between Silences: A Voice from China [N].Atlantic Weekly,1987-8-15(33).论文集[7]伍蠡甫.西方文论选[C]. 上海：上海译文出版社，1979：12-17.[8] Spivak,G. Can the Subaltern Speak? [A]. In C.Nelson & L. Grossberg(eds.). Victory in Limbo: Imigism [C]. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988, 271-313.学位论文[9]王淼.中初水平学习者在外语学习环境下的偶遇词汇学习[D]. 上海外国语大学，2004 .研究报告[10] 冯西桥.翻译研究的多维视角[R].北京：清华大学, 1997：9-10.。
英语教育 经典文献
英语教育经典文献以下是一些与英语教育相关的经典文献：1. "Second Language Acquisition and Second Language Learning" by Stephen Krashen这本书是经典的第二语言习得理论著作之一，提出了"输入"假设和"流利性-可理解性"假设，并探讨了语言学习的过程。
2. "The English Verb: An Exploration of Structure and Meaning"by Michael Lewis这本书探讨了英语动词的结构和意义，提出了一种基于语块的教学方法，强调语块的重要性，对英语学习者来说更为实用。
3. "A Course in Language Teaching: Practice and Theory" by Penny Ur这本书是一本教学实践与理论相结合的教材，涵盖了教学技巧、任务设计、课堂管理等方面的内容，被广泛应用于英语教育领域。
4. "The Practice of English Language Teaching" by Jeremy Harmer这本经典教材系统地介绍了英语语言教学的核心理论和实践技巧，包括教学方法、课程设计、评估等方面的内容。
5. "Language Teaching Methods: A Textbook for Teachers" by Nunan, David这本教材介绍了多种语言教学方法的理论基础和实施步骤，包括沉浸式教学、任务型教学、合作学习等，帮助教师选择适合的教学方法。
6. "Teaching Tenses: Ideas for Presenting and Practising Tenses in English" by Rosemary Aitken这本书提供了教学时态的实用建议和活动，帮助学生理解和正确运用英语动词时态。
外文文献英文全部
Educational Role of the Nurse in Chronic Control DiseaseNURSES Have long accepted the concept that "health education is implied in every nursing activity, irrespective of the setting in which the the nurse functions" (1).Whether the nurse works with patients and their families in the home, clinic, physician's office, hospital, school ，or other neighborhood facilities that provide health services, she can know the satisfaction that comes from educational work.Through her efforts patients' attitudes may be changed from indifference to interest and their behavior altered to accord with recommended medical advice. Health practices in a home may be reinforced and strengthened by adoption of a favorable daily regimen that the nurse has suggested. Disease control and eradication programs may be advanced in the community through individual or family understanding and cooperation that the nurse has promoted.But there are barriers to teaching patients about their disease. The International Union against Tuberculosis ,for example, has recently pointed out: We hear a great deal about the resistance of the bacillus. But not Enough is said about another form of resistance: that coming from ignorance, apathy, lack of interest ——in a phrase, ". the resistance of man" (2).Whether or not we agree with this statement, education of the patient and his family presents a great challenge which requires the continuous and coordinated efforts of individuals and agencies.Again using tuberculosis as an example, several recent studies in the United States reveal that the general public is not well Informed about this disease; many people apparently do not know the basic facts about it. In one of these recent studies, made in 1964 in a mainland city,more than a third of the respondents thought that tuberculosis was inheritable,while nearly 30 percent did not know whether it was or not. Many similar recent studies indicate clearly the need for community education about chronic diseases such as tuberculosis if the people, particularly those in high-risk groups,are to understand and cooperate in the control and eradication measures being carried out.This need makes the educational role of the nurse all the more important today.What can nurses do to Promote better understanding of a chronic disease?How can contacts with patients be made more productive in stimulating a desire for treatment? How can nurses encourage greater awareness of, and interest in, a given chronic disease among patients, ex-patients, and families? How can broken clinic appointments or lapses be lessened? How can patients be encouraged to take prescribed drugs over long periods? How can educational work be made more effective in all phases of disease control and eradication?Barriers to Patient EducationSome of the barriers to education of patients about a chronic disease may relate to the setting in which the conference between nurse andpatient is held, the lack of clear-cut goals for educational work, the failure to extend scarce, professional time by group teaching, limitations under which the agency must operate, and cultural differences between the patients and the nurse.Conference setting. Since person-to-person teaching and interviewing are an essential part of the nurse's professional work,arrangements should be made for a suitable place to talk with patients. If teaching takes place in the midst of telephone calls and other distractions,neither patient nor nurse can concentrate on what the other has to say. Distractions can inhibit or even prevent effective communication and teaching.Clear-cut Goals Goals. to define what the nurse hopes to accomplish in a conference, inte view,or group work are indispensable. The goals will be determined in the part by the questions the patient or his family asks, the interests he expresses,what he and his family already know about the disease, and how the patient is cooperating in his medical treatment. The objectives need to be related to specific ways of helping the group or person to understand the disease and its treatment,to comprehend the necessity for cooperation over a considerable period, and to discover what community services are available to the patient and his family. Unless the nurse takes time to think through the objectives for each educational experience, teaching may be inadequate and vague, including too much material at one time or omitting important aspects altogether;italso may not be keyed to the immediate needs of the patient or to his interests.Group work. Discussion in which the experience of members of the group is elicited may effect changes in attitudes and practices.We have often seen patients and members of their families sitting silently in rows, waiting patiently to see the physician or nurse. Can some of this time be spent more productively in group talks and discussion? Has the nurse tried working with small groups in educational activities? Can group teaching be done in the waiting rooms of outpatient departments and clinics?Is it possible to use educational aids such as slides or filmstrips at this time?And most important ,can the nurse involve the patients and ex-patients in planning for,and participating in, educational activities? Othe barriers. Patients' lack of understanding and acceptance of the educational message may be due to illiteracy,a low educational level, cultural differences,or other nguage differences, particularly among some of the elderly，may prevent them from understanding and therefore,from putting into practice, the teaching about the disease. There may be agency barriers, too, relating to shortage of staff, inadequate facilities, or inadequate budget.Changing Health PracticesClear communication and educational experiences attuned to meet the personal, family,or group situation can change patients' attitudes andpractices.Communication.To the nurse, communication is a two-way process, an interaction in which she is listening,observing, and speaking.While speaking, she transmits both information and feelings;while and observing,listening,she receives both information and feelings.A person's manner of speaking,expression,voice,gesture, and posture all help or hinder communication; encourage or inhibit a permissive attitude; promote or repress questions or comments.The way a nurse meets a patient in the clinic and her way of speaking over the telephone are also part of her communication.When technical expressions are difficult to translate into simple language or when words seem inadequate to explain a procedure, does the nurse supplement verbal communication with a demonstration or a simple visual aid, such as a chart, photograph,or diagram?To make sure that the patient clearly understands,some nurses say, "Won't you show me how you do it?"or at the end of a conference or interview, "Now let's review what we said."The nurse in the tuberculosis field, for example, usually has intensive and close contact with patients and families over a fairly long period. This period provides time for her to gain their confidence; to learn how to speak so that she is understood; and to discover how to make her teaching acceptable and practical for the patient within the family milieu.She has the opportunity to encourage the patient to express his feelings, ideas,and questions.often the first steps in developing rapport.This two-way communication gives the nurse leads as to the patient's interests, problems, and needs. She, too, is learning as well as teaching during these contacts and especially during home visits,for in these she can observe the patient in his environment and discover his family interrelationships. Teaching methods. Many different teaching-learning experiences may be provided in a disease-education program planned for patients, families, and special groups in the community, such as older people. The purpose of these educational activities is to change attitudes and appreciations, knowledge and understanding, practices and skills, while reinforcing and strengthening favorable attitudes and practices.According to Herbert F. Lionberger, who has done much research in communication, the decision to adopt a new practice or idea takes time and is usually the result of a series of influences. He says that people appear to go through a series of five stages—awareness, interest, evaluation, trial, and finally adoption of the practice or idea. Once a practice is adopted, its continued use may require reinforcement.I often wonder if reinforcement of desirable practices is not a neglected part of our educational plans. When patients are following a favorable , does the nurse take the time to encourage its continuance, point out its value,and help patients develop an appreciation of its importance?The medical staff, nursing supervisors,and numerous publications of authoritative sources such as State departments of health, the Public Health Service, and such national organizations as the National Tuberculosis Association can supply the content of the nurse's educational message.Face-to-face discussion in small groups is effective in bringing about change. In such discussions in small groups, people can draw upon past experiences and evaluate ideas in terms of these experiences and their present beliefs and practices. Learning takes place in a friendly, informal, permissive atmosphere.Decisions reached after discussion are more likely to be carried out by individual members of a group, for the group provides social support and pressure. Also, through discussion, nurses may gain insights into the motivations and goals of patients and their families.Participants in group discussions can help to explore needs, to set up goals, and to plan and carry out activities. Achieving the individual involvement of patients and their families takes time but can considerably enrich an educational program for patients.Since group discussion is considered so efFective, why do so many health workers hesitate to work with small groups in the outpatient department, hospital, clinic, health center, or neighborhood center? Is it because of lack of space for such work or of time for planning?Other teaching methods besides group discussion also lend themselves to the educational work of the nurse. The demonstration method is appropriate in many situations and might be used more widely health workers. A demonstration by the teacher can often be followed by one carried out by the person being taught.Role playing, dramatizations, and films are all particularly suitable for bringing out the emotional aspects of a health problem and the human relationships which may afFect it. They can provide二basis for objective discussion. Role playing can be used to try out new situations (reality testing).Visual aids have a place in stimulating an awareness of health problams and in motivating interest in them. Films,which may show events covering a long period within 20 to 30 minutes, are valuable for stimulating interest and providing a common experiante for discussion. The flannelgraph, flash cards, charts, flip charts, photographs, and other visual aids can be adapted to a particular situation and often prove more effective than more elaborate and costly devices. Today many departments and agencies have overhead projetting equipment, which enables the health worker to use drawings and pictures and charts from magazines or books in teaching or talks.Interpersonal RelationsUnless warm relations and empathy are estabfished between the nurse and patient, the nurse's teaching and technical advice may not be accepted.When patients show resentment, hostility, or insecurity, the nurse needs to try to discover the underlying causes. If misunder-standings have occurred, the situation should be corrected. A word of commendation for successful efforts and accomplishments will encourage the patient or his family to try again.Occasionally, a sense of humor helps to release tensions in a di}cult situation.The nurse's knowledge of the patient and his family, his background and milieu, medical history, and previous work experiences will provide insights into ways to approach him and encourage a harmonious relationship, but good will, friendliness, thoughtfulness, and flexibility are also required.Cooperative ActivitiesThe nurse works as a member of a team within the hospital, clinic, health department, voluntary agency, rehabilitation center, or other institution providing services for patients and their families. The members on the team may change according to the patient's problems and progress. How each member contributes to the patient's progress may be learned through problem-centered or patient-centered staff conferences.Cooperative efforts to promote the education of patients may be encouraged through joint staff conferences of several agencies, inservice training, case conferences of several agencies, informal conversations orvisits on the job, and other means for exchange of ideas. Cooperation in educational activities means giving, as well as receiving, help. It means making certain that the teaching by one person or agency about a disease does not conflict with the teaching of others, but rather supplements and reinforces other teaching;it means seeing that important information is included in teaching and'that communication goes through proper thannets. Cooperation does not mean developing a plan and then asking others concerned to toperate in implementing it. It means starting together with the problem, agreeing on goals,developing plans, and carrying out all phases of the program cooperatively so that each responsibility assigned is acceptable to the person or agency receiving it.Such cooperation and coordination of educational efforts will help the patient to progress in his treatment,become well, learn how to maintain his health, and thereby assume his role in society.SummaryAs the nurse provides a service to a patient or his family, she can also be teaching. Service and education go hand in hand;one enhances the other. To insure that such education of patients and families is carried out, that it is dynamic and effective, the nurse must make plans for it. The teaching needs to be personalized to meet the needs of a given patient or group. As far as possible patients should participate in all phases of educational activities.They may help in identifying theirinterests and needs and in setting goals. They may also take part in the programs themselves, for egample, by demonstrating a procedure after the nurse has demonstrated it.To insure clear communication between nurse and patient, visual aids and other educational methods may be used to supplement the spoken word. The most important aspect of teaching,。
语言学英文文献
语言学英文文献Studying English literature and language has been a passion of mine since my youth. 从我年幼时起，研究英国文学和语言一直是我的热情所在。
From Shakespeare to contemporary authors, the beauty and intricacy of the English language never fail to captivate me. 从莎士比亚到当代作家，英语语言的美丽和复杂性总是能够迷住我。
Through the study of linguistics, I have gained a deeper understanding of how language shapes our thoughts and perceptions. 通过语言学的研究，我对语言如何塑造我们的思维和认知有了更深入的了解。
Understanding the nuances of syntax, semantics, and phonetics has given me a new appreciation for the complexity of communication. 理解句法、语义和语音学的微妙之处，让我对交流的复杂性有了新的认识。
One aspect of English language studies that fascinates me is sociolinguistics. 英语语言学研究中一个让我着迷的方面是社会语言学。
Exploring how language is used in different social contexts provides valuable insights into cultural norms and interactions. 探讨语言在不同社会背景下的使用方式，为了解文化规范和互动提供了宝贵的见解。
关于小妇人的英文文献
关于小妇人的英文文献英文回答：As one of the most beloved and enduring classics of American literature, Louisa May Alcott's Little Women has captured the hearts and imaginations of generations of readers. Since its initial publication in 1868, the novel has been translated into over 50 languages and adapted into numerous films, television series, and stage productions. Little Women's timeless themes of family, friendship, and self-discovery continue to resonate with readers of all ages, making it a true literary masterpiece.At the heart of Little Women are the four March sisters: Meg, Jo, Beth, and Amy. Each sister possesses a unique personality and set of aspirations, reflecting thediversity of female experiences during the mid-19th century. Meg, the eldest, is a kind and responsible young woman destined for a traditional life as a wife and mother. Jo,the tomboyish and independent second sister, aspires to bea writer. In contrast, shy and gentle Beth is content with her role as the family peacemaker, while artistic Amy dreams of becoming a renowned painter.Throughout the novel, the March sisters navigate the challenges and triumphs of growing up. They face financial hardship, heartbreak, and illness, but their unwavering love and support for one another provides them with the strength to overcome adversity. Through their experiences, the sisters learn valuable lessons about the importance of family, the power of friendship, and the necessity of following their dreams.In addition to its compelling characters and heartwarming story, Little Women is also notable for its realistic portrayal of women's lives in the Victorian era. Alcott challenges the prevailing social norms of her time, depicting the March sisters as strong and independent individuals who defy traditional gender roles. The novel also explores the complex relationship between women and marriage, suggesting that there is more to life than finding a husband.Little Women has also been praised for its feminist message, showcasing the potential and aspirations of women in a society that often limited their opportunities. Jo March, in particular, is considered a feminist icon, representing the desire for female empowerment and self-expression. Many readers have identified with Jo's struggles and triumphs, finding inspiration in her refusal to conform to societal expectations.The enduring legacy of Little Women is evident in its continued popularity and relevance. The novel has been adapted into numerous films and television series, including the beloved 1994 film starring Winona Ryder and Kirsten Dunst. Stage adaptations of the novel have also been performed around the world, bringing the Marchsisters' story to life for audiences of all ages.In conclusion, Little Women is a timeless classic of American literature that continues to captivate readers worldwide. Its heartwarming story of family, friendship, and self-discovery has resonated with generations ofreaders, while its realistic portrayal of women's lives and feminist message make it a truly groundbreaking work.Little Women is a must-read for anyone interested in American literature, feminist literature, or simply a well-written and unforgettable story.中文回答：作为美国文学中最受喜爱和经久不衰的经典作品之一，路易莎·梅·奥尔科特的《小妇人》俘获了几代读者的芳心和想象力。
英文著作文献引用
英文著作文献引用1. According to Smith (2018), the impact of social media on mental health is a growing concern among researchers and healthcare professionals.2. The study by Johnson et al. (2020) found that excessive use of social media can lead to feelings of loneliness and depression among young adults.3. In their research, Brown and Jones (2019)highlighted the role of social media in exacerbating body image issues and eating disorders among adolescents.4. The findings of a recent survey (Garcia, 2021) suggest that the pressure to present a perfect life on social media can contribute to anxiety and low self-esteem.5. A study by Lee and Wang (2017) revealed that cyberbullying through social media platforms has a detrimental impact on the mental well-being of teenagers.6. In his book "The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains," Carr (2010) discusses the effects of excessive screen time on cognitive abilities and attention span.7. According to a report by the World Health Organization (2018), the use of social media has been linked to an increase in mental health disorders, particularly among young people.8. The research conducted by Taylor et al. (2019) suggests that limiting social media use can lead to improvements in overall well-being and mental health.。
10篇英文文献摘要学习
ABSTRACT1:Parent-mediated social communication therapy for young children with autism (PACT): long-term follow-up of a randomised controlled trial.01、针对自闭症幼儿的父母介导的社区沟通疗法（PACT）：随机对照试验的长期随访杂志（ THE LANCET ）发表年份（2016）期刊影响因子（53.254）Background: It is not known whether early intervention can improve long-term autism symptom outcomes. We aimed to follow-up the Preschool Autism Communication Trial (PACT), to investigate whether the PACT intervention had a long-term effect on autism symptoms and continued effects on parent and child social interaction.Methods: PACT was a randomised controlled trial of a parent-mediated social communication intervention for children aged 2–4 years with core autism. Follow-up ascertainment was done at three specialised clinical services centres in the UK (London, Manchester, and Newcastle) at a median of 5.75 years (IQR 5.42 –5.92) from the original trial endpoint. The main blinded outcomes were the comparative severity score (CSS) from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) 自闭症诊断观察量表 , the Dyadic Communication Assessment Measure (DCMA) of the proportion of child initiatiations when interacting with the parent, and an expressive-receptive language composite. All analyses followed the intention-to-treat principle.Findings: 121 (80%) of the 152 trial participants (59 [77%] of 77 assigned to PACT intervention vs 62 [83%] of 75 assigned to treatment as usual) were traced and consented to be assessed between July, 2013, and September, 2014. Mean age at follow-up was 10.5 years (SD 0.8). Group difference in favour of 赞同 the PACT intervention based on ADOS CSS of log-odds effect size (ES) was 0.64 (95% CI 0 07 to 1 20)· at treatment endpoint and ES 0.70 (95% CI -0 .05 to 1.47) at follow-up, giving an overall reduction in symptom severity over the course of the whole trial and follow-up period (ES 0.55, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.91, p=0.004). Group difference in DCMA child initiations at follow-up showed a Cohen's d ES of 0.29 (95% CI -0.02 to 0.57) and was significant over the course of t he study (ES 0.33, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.57,p=0.004). There were no group differences in the language composite at follow-up (ES0.15, 95% CI -0 .23 to 0.53).Interpretation: The results are the first to show long-term symptom reduction after a randomised controlled trial of early intervention in autism spectrum disorder. They support the clinical value of the PACT intervention and have implications for developmental theory.02：Burden, risk factors, and comorbidities of behavioural and emotional problems inKenyan children: a population-based study02、肯尼亚儿童的行为和情绪问题的负担、危险因素以及合并症：一项基于人群的研究杂志（ LANCET PSYCHIATRY ）发表年份（ 2017）期刊影响因子（ 15.233）背景： Three-quarters of the burden of mental health problems 精神卫生问题occurs in low-and-middle-income countries, but few epidemiological studies of these problems in preschool children from sub-Saharan Africa撒哈拉以南have been published. Behavioural and emotional problems often start in early childhood, and this might be particularly important in Africa, where the incidence of perinatal围产期and early risk factors is high. We therefore aimed to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of behavioural and emotionalproblems in young children in a rural area on the Kenyan coast.方法： We did a population-based epidemiological study to assess the burden of behavioural and emotional problems in preschool children and comorbidities in the Kilifi Health and Demographic Surveillance System 基利菲健康和人口监测系统(KHDSS,a database formed of the population under routine surveillance linked to admissions to Kilifi County Hospital).We used the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) 儿童行为调查表to assess behavioural and emotional problems. We then determined risk factors and medical comorbidities associated with behavioural and emotional problems. The strength of associations between the risk factors and the behavioural and emotional problems was estimated using generalised linear models, with appropriate distribution and link functions.结果： 3539 families were randomly selected from the KHDSS. Of these, 3273 children were assessed with CBCL. The prevalence of total behavioural and emotional problems was 13% (95% CI 12 –14), for externalising problems 外化问题 was 10% (9–11), and for internalising problems was 22% (21–24). The most common CBCL syndrome was somatic problems 躯体问题 (21%, 20–23), whereas the most common DSM-IV-oriented scale 基于精神疾病诊断准则手册（第四版）was anxiety problems (13%, 12–14). Factors associated with total problems included consumption of cassava (risk ratio 5·68, 95% CI 3·22–10·03), perinatal complications (4 34,·3 21·–5·81), seizure disorders (2 90,·2 24·–3·77), and house status(0 11,·0·08–0·14). Seizure disorders 癫痫, burn marks 烧伤, and respiratory problems 呼吸道疾病 were important comorbidities of behavioural and emotional problems.理解：Behavioural and emotional problems are common in preschool children in this Kenyan rural area and are associated with preventable risk factors. Behavioural and emotional problems and associated comorbidities should be identified and addressed in young children.03： Effect of iodine supplementation in pregnant women on child neurodevelopment: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial03、孕妇补碘对儿童神经发育的影响：一项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照试验杂志（ Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology ）发表年份（ 2017）期刊影响因子（ 19.313）Background ： Iodine deficiency during pregnancy might be associated with reduced intelligence quotient (IQ) score in offspring. We assessed the effect of iodine supplementation in mildly iodine-deficient pregnant women 轻度碘缺乏孕妇 on neurodevelopment of their offspring in areas where schoolchildren were iodine sufficient .Methods： In this randomised, placebo-controlled trial, pregnant women in Bangalore 班加罗尔, India, and Bangkok 曼谷 , Thailand, were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive 200 μg iodine orally once a day or placebo until delivery. Randomisation was done with acomputer-generated sequence and stratified by site. Co-primary outcomes 主要结果were verbal and performance IQ scores on the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence 韦氏学前和小学儿童智力量表Third Edition (WPPSI-III)and the global executive composite score from the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool Version (BRIEF-P) in the children at age 5–6 years. The trial was double-blinded; some unmasking 揭盲 took place at age 2 years for an interim analysis中间分析 , but participants and nearly all investigators remained masked to group assignment until age 5–6 years. Analysis was by intention to treat using mixed-effects models.Findings：Between Nov 18, 2008, and March 12, 2011, 832 women entered the trial at a meangestational age of 10.7 weeks (SD 2. 7); median urinary iodine concentration was 131μ g/L(IQR 81 –213). Mean compliance with supplementation was 87%, assessed by monthly tabletcounts. 313 children (iodine group, n=159; placebo group, n=154) were analysed for verbaland performance IQ with WPPSI-III and 315 (iodine group, n=159; placebo group, n=156)for overall executive function with BRIEF-P. Mean WPPSI-III scores for verbal IQ were 89.5(SD 9 ·8) in the iodine group and 90. 2 (9 · 8) in the placebo group (difference -0· 7, 95% CI- 2·9 to 1 5;·p=0 77),· and for performance IQ were 97.5 (12 5) in the iodine· group and 99.1(13 · 4) in the placebo group (difference -1· 6, -4 · 5 to 1· 3; p=0-P global·44). The mean BRIEF executive composite score was 90.6 (26 2) in the·iodine group and 91.5 (270) in the ·placebogroup (difference -0·9, -6· 8 to 5· 0; p=0 · 74). The frequency of adverse events did not differ between groups during gestation or at delivery: 24 women in the iodine group and 28 in theplacebo group reported adverse events (iodine group: abortion, n=20; blighted ovum, and n=2;intrauterine death, n=2; placebo group: abortion, n=22; blighted ovum, n=1; intrauterine death,n=2; early neonatal death, n=1; and neonatal death, n=2).Interpretation ：Daily iodine supplementation in mildly iodine-deficient pregnant women hadno effect on child neurodevelopment at age 5–6 years.04： Incidence of and Factors Associated With Myopia and High Myopia in Chinese Children,Based on Refraction Without Cycloplegia.04、基于无睫状肌麻痹屈光度的中国儿童近视和高度近视的发生率及相关因素杂志（ JAMA Ophthalmol ）发表年份（ 2018）期刊影响因子（ 6.669）IMPORTANCE: Myopia has reached epidemic levels among children in regions of East andSoutheast Asia. High myopia 高度近视 is associated with myopic macular degeneration 近视性黄斑变性 , glaucoma 青光眼 , and retinal detachment 视网膜脱落 .OBJECTIVE : To determine the incidence of myopia and high myopia based on refractionwithout cycloplegia among children in primary and junior high schools in China.DESIGN , SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This observational cohort study was completed inGuangzhou, China. It consisted of a cohort from 19 primary schools , who were followedup from 2010 to 2015, and a cohort from 22 junior high schools , who were followed up from2010 to 2012. All schools were randomly chosen at rates proportional to the number ofschools in each of the city's 11 districts 所有学校都是按照与学校数量成比例的随机选择的.Students with or without myopia in grade 1 (primary school) or grade 7 (junior high school)were eligible for inclusion. Data analysis occurred from February 2017 to October 2017.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Myopia was defined as a spherical equivalentrefraction (SER)等效球镜度数of -0.50 diopters (D) or less, as measured by subjectiverefraction 主觉验光without cycloplegia 睫状肌麻痹 ; high myopia was defined as a SER of-6.0 D or less. Annual incidences were defined as the proportion of participants each yearfound to have myopia or high myopia who did not previously have the condition . Height,weight, axial length (AL) 轴长 , corneal radius of curvature (CRC) 角膜曲率半径 , and AL/CRCratio were examined to assess if these measures were associated with future myopia or highmyopia.RESULTS: A total of 4741 students with or without myopia in either grade 1 for the primaryschool cohort (mean [SD] age 7.2 [0.4] years; 932 of 1975 [47.2%] female) or grade 7 for thejunior high school cohort (mean [SD] age 13.2 [0.5] years; 1254 of 2670 [47.0%] female)were included. Baseline mean (SD) SER was 0.31 (0.86) D among 1975 students in grade 1 vs -1.60 (2.00) D among 2670 students in grade 7. Baseline prevalence of myopia was 12.0% in grade 1 students (n?=?237 of 1969) and 67.4% in grade 7 students (n?=?1795 of 2663).The incidence of myopia was 20% to 30% each year throughout both cohorts. The incidence of high myopia was initially less than 1% in the primary school cohort (grade 1:n?=?2 of 1825; 0.1% [95% CI, 0.0%-0.3%]), but incidence exceeded 2% in the junior high school cohort (in grade 9: n?=?48 of 2044; 2.3% [95% CI, 1.0%-3.7%]).CONCLUSIONS AND RELEV ANCE: The incidence of myopia among Chinese students based on refraction without cycloplegia is among the highest of any cultural or ethnic group.If confirmed with cycloplegic refraction, interventions to prevent myopia onset in Chinese populations should be initiated in primary schools. 基于无睫状肌麻痹屈光度的中国学生近视发生率是所有文化或民族中最高的。
经典文献句子摘抄
经典文献句子摘抄1. "To be, or not to be: that is the question." - William Shakespeare, Hamlet2. "It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife." - Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice3. "All happy families are alike; each unhappy family is unhappyin its own way." - Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina4. "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness." - Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities5. "In the middle of difficulty lies opportunity." - Albert Einstein6. "Two roads diverged in a wood, and I - I took the one less traveled by, and that has made all the difference." - Robert Frost, The Road Not Taken7. "The only way to do great work is to love what you do." - Steve Jobs8. "Love all, trust a few, do wrong to none." - William Shakespeare, All's Well That Ends Well9. "It is not in the stars to hold our destiny but in ourselves." - William Shakespeare, Julius Caesar10. "Life is what happens when you're busy making other plans." - John Lennon。
国外名著英文摘抄
国外名著英文摘抄以下是一些国外名著中的英文摘抄：1. From "Pride and Prejudice" by Jane Austen:"It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife."——译文：凡是有钱的单身汉，总想娶位太太，这已经成了一条举世公认的真理。
2. From "The Great Gatsby" by F. Scott Fitzgerald:"So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past."——译文：于是我们奋力向前划，逆流向上的小舟，不停地倒退，进入过去。
3. From "To Kill a Mockingbird" by Harper Lee:"You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view... Until you climb inside of his skin and walk around in it."——译文：除非你穿上别人的鞋子走一英里路，否则你永远不知道那人的感觉。
4. From "Hamlet" by William Shakespeare:"To be, or not to be, that is the question."——译文：生存还是毁灭，这是个问题。
5. From "The Old Man and the Sea" by Ernest Hemingway:"Man is not made for defeat. A man can be destroyed but not defeated."——译文：人不是为失败而生的，一个人可以被毁灭，但不能给打败。
外文文献(英文)
In our country development overview of the stamping dieThe status quo of China's mold industrySince the reform and opening up, with the rapid development of national economy, the market demand for mold growth.In recent years, the mold industry has been rapid development in the growth rate of around 15%, all components of the system mold industry has undergone tremendous changes, in addition to state-owned professional mold factory, collective, joint ventures, and private sector has also been a rapid development.Along with the international standards and the pace continues to accelerate, the aggravation of the market competition, the importance of the ability to develop more and more people have realized that the product quality, cost and new product.While the mold manufacturing is one of the most basic elements in the whole chain, mold manufacturing technology has become an important symbol to measure a country's level of manufacturing industry, and decide the survival of enterprises to a great extent.In recent years, many die enterprises to increase investment for technological progress, technological progress will be seen as an important driving force for enterprise development.Some domestic enterprises die has been popularized in the two-dimensional CAD, and started using UG, I-DEAS and other international common software, individual manufacturers have introduced Moldflow, C-Flow and other CAE software, designed and successfully applied in stamping die.Although China mould industry has attract people's attention development over the past decade, but many aspects compared with developed countries there is still a large gap.For example, the proportion of precision processing equipment in the mold processing equipment is relatively low;CAD/CAE/CAM technology penetration rate is not high;Many advanced mold technology application is not wide enough and so on, resulting in a considerable part of the large, sophisticated, complex and long life moulds dependence on imports.Mold manufacturing compared with foreign countries in China, behindthe Department is mainly the following 5 aspects:Less standardized. Domestic standardization degree is about 30%, standard varieties High precision, less, the lack of standard parts and standard parts of goods. Precision mold manufacturing cycle is long, low. Overseas mold factory are the rough machining, finish machining, assembly, measurement precision of the complete sets of equipment, such as CNC coordinates grinder, NC EDM machine etc.Domestic mold factory obsolete equipment is not complete, occupy the NC machine, EDM machine tool in processing machine in the proportion of small, less use of new technology to make the mold precision mold processing, than foreign low grade 1~2, long manufacturing cycle times of 1~2.Die less variety, low efficiency. Mainly is the lack of large, complex, the long life mold.The overseas mold development toward precision, automation, many processes can be completed in a pair of mould.The low rate of short service life of the mould, material utilization.Abroad due to the adoption of new technology of smelting and heat treatment, die life is greatly improved.Technical force is backward, poor management level. Production technology of our country mould proportion accounted for only 7%~8%, this ratio is not only lower than abroad, but also lower than the other 30%, within the industry, the lack of scientific management of production.The above several aspects of the problem that the overall level of China's mold industry is still in a backward state, we also need to accelerate the development of. According to the forecast, the future of our country will become the world's manufacturing center, the more to mould industry has brought hitherto unknown development opportunities and space. In order to accelerate the development of mold industry in our country, is one of the basic tasks to speed up the cultivation of talents. Mold design and manufacture of professional (College), is in order to adapt to the country is badly in need of cultivating the comprehensive quality of modern mold manufacturing and production skills, adapt to the demand of talents of modern mold manufacturing technology and production mode and set.The future development trend of the stamping die manufacturingtechnologyThe development of mould technology should be adapted for mold products "short delivery time", "accuracy", "good quality", "low price" of services.Achieve this one requirement is badly in need of the development of the following:To popularize CAD/CAM/CAE technology of mould CAD/CAM/CAE technology is the development direction of mold design and manufacturing.With the computer software development and progress, the popularity of CAD/CAM/CAE technology, the conditions are ripe, the enterprise will increase the CAD/CAM technical training and technical services;To further expand the scope of application of CAE technology. With the development of computer and network technology is making the CAD/CAM/CAE cross regional, cross enterprise, cross Institute in the industry as possible to promote, achieve re integration of technical resources, make the virtual manufacturing possible.High speed milling machining of high speed milling abroad in recent years, greatly improve the processing efficiency, and can obtain very high surface finish.In addition, the process can also be hard module, also has the advantages of low temperature rise, small thermal deformation etc.. High speed milling technology, automobile and home appliances industries of large type cavity die manufacturing has injected new vitality. At present, it has to be integrated more agile, intelligent, development direction. Scanning system for die scanning and digitizing system high-speed scannersand mold provides many functions in the model of the model or scan to processing, greatly shorten the manufacturing cycle in the development of mold. Some fast scanning system can be quickly installed in existing CNC milling machine and machining center, CAD data to achieve rapid data acquisition and processing program of NC system, automatic generation of a variety of different formats of the reverse engineering in mold design and manufacturing "". Die scanning system has been successfully applied in automobile, motorcycle, household appliances and other industries, that will play a greater role in the "fifteen" period.Electrical discharge machining EDM milling technology, also known as electric spark machining technology, which is a new technology to replace the traditional molding electrode processing cavity, which is a high-speed rotation of the tubular electrode assimple 3D or 2D contour machining (the same as CNC milling), so no need to manufacture electrode the complex, which is obviously a great development in the field of edm. The application of this has been the use of foreign technology in mould machining machine tool. It is expected that this technology will be developed. Improve the mold standardization degreechinas mold standardization degree is increasing, estimated that China's mold standard parts using coverage has reached about 30%. Developed countries is generally about 80%.High-quality materials and advanced surface treatment technology for the surface treatment technology of high quality steel and application of appropriate it is to improve the life of the mold is very necessary. Die heat treatment and surface treatment can give full play to the key link of the material properties of die steel. The development direction of mold heat treatment is the use of vacuum heat treatment. Mold surface treatment should be developed in the process of chemical vapor deposition (TiN, TiC), plasma spraying technology.Have a greater impact mold polishing automation, intelligent mold surface quality of mold service life, the appearance of quality parts, grinding and polishing method of automation, intelligent to replace the existing manual operation, in order to improve the surface quality of the mould is an important trend of development.Mold the development of automatic processing system which is our long-term development goals. The reasonable combination of mould automatic processing system should be more than one machine; with accompanying positioning fixture or positioning plate; complete machines, CNC tool library; complete CNC flexible synchronization system; quality monitoring and control system.Die position in manufacturing and ApplicationApplication in the mould manufacturing is extremely wide, the industry machinery, automobile, light industry, chemical industry, electronic communication, metallurgy, plastics, building materials, mold of professional and technical personnel is the foundation of talents in manufacturing industry. As the world manufacturing center to China transfer, China's mold industry ushered in a new round of development opportunities, so die industry has been rapid development. In recent years, the total output value of China's mold industry maintained an annual growth rate of 13%. Fromthe mold industry scale, China has ranked third in the world, after Japan and the America, a mold producing countries.Importance of mould in modern industrial production is mainly manifested in the following aspects:Molded products is extremely wide application process. For example: die forging, stamping, extrusion and drawing parts are made of metal material in the mould of plastic deformation and forming. Forming in the mold filling of die casting and powder metallurgy parts, pressure. Plastic, ceramic and other non-metallic materials are mostly formed by mold.Mold forming can be achieved less, non cutting processing. Little or no cutting, is a development direction of mechanical manufacturing. The forming die is less or no cutting process in an effective way, which is the key to improve the level of mold manufacturing. Improve the level of mold manufacturing mold improvement can make the precision of products, lower surface roughness, which may directly processed products, do not need to be processed, so as to avoid cutting.Stamping products has the advantages of high accuracy, high complexity, high consistency, high productivity, low energy consumption and low cost, so a wide range of applications. According to statistics, the use of a variety of mold parts, aircraft, automobile, 60%~70%, electrical instrumentation and other fields, home appliances accounted for more than 80%, watches, bicycles and other light industrial products accounted for more than 85%.Meet the press mold problems and SolutionsThe convex die worn out too fastThe main reasons: 1) the die gap is too small, the general recommended mold total clearance for material thickness of 20% ~ 25%2) mould temperature is too high, mainly due to the same die stamping punch overheating caused by continuous long time. 3) concave mould for neutral good, including die and mold guide assembly and a turret bushing precision deficiency and other causes of mold is not good for the neutral. 4) mold grinding method is undeserved, cause mould annealing, the wear is intensified.Punch die material die material will cause the waste of the rebound, related factors:1) the gap of the mould is reasonable, if the die gap is not suitable, easy to cause the waste of rebound. 2) the sharpness of cutting edge, cutting edge radius is larger, more easily lead to waste of rebound. 3) by oil processing plate surface is more. 4) spring fatigue damage. 5) the modulus of mould, machine of each station into the modulus is certain, the mold into the modulus is small, easy to cause the waste of rebound.The prospects for the development of Chinese casting mouldFrom the long-term development perspective, China sustained economic growth, the future of casting mould overall demand will continue to grow, China mold to an average of 17% growth in recent years, higher than the average value of China GDP more than doubled.Die casting can also keep pace of development, so there is still much room for development of casting mould, die casting enterprise to the conversion mechanism, the development of specialized production, enhance market awareness, promote the adjustment of industrial structure of the casting mold industry.In the past, under the planned economy condition, large enterprises with internal mold factory (workshop), manufacturing capacity and strong technical force, accounted for a considerable proportion of domestic mold production, in addition to a small number of standard parts. Most of the works, by the mold factory to complete, the specialization, low degree of standardization, in addition to the enterprise management system the constraint, mold manufacturing cycle is long, can not meet the market demands.After entering the WTO, China casting mold industry is gradually integrating into the world trade integration. The influence of planned economy through thorough reform eliminated, therefore, the degree of commercialization of the mold also will be improved to a great extent, the state-owned enterprise shareholding system reform will accelerate the pace of development of enterprises, private and individual enterprises, the structure of die and mould industry changes. Mold industry of social cooperation and specialization will be strengthened, which is the effective measures to resist the impact of the accession to the world trade organization, the traditional enterprise internal mold workshop will become part of the new economic entity with independent accounting system through reform, and most will be phased out, the morethe mold enterprise will embark on the road of specialization, keep the advantage in their field of expertise on the product, take the fine of the road, in order to survive and develop in the competition.。