温州大学2018年硕士研究生招生考试试题813 语言学概论
温州大学2018年《813语言学概论》考研专业课真题试卷
2018年硕士研究生招生考试试题
科目代码及名称: 813 语言学概论适用专业:050102语言学及应用语
(请考生在答题纸上答题,在此试题纸上答题无效)
一、术语解释(10分)
1.书面语
2.符号
3.音位
4.词形变化
5.屈折
二、填空题(10分):
1.音素之间存在着关系和关系。
2.[t]—[d]的区别性特征表现为对立。
3.掌握一种语言的词,核心的问题是要把词的和词的联系起来。
4.词语的组合一方面要受到的支配,另一方面要受到的限制。
5.“人称”是与有关的语法范畴,它表示动作行为是由谁发出的。
6.对于缺乏词的形态变化的语言来说,划分词类只能依靠语法中的特征;
如果是有形态变化的语言,划分词类只要依靠语法中的特征就可以了。
三、单项选择题(10分)
1.下列说法,只有正确。
A、振幅越大,声音就越弱;
B、振幅越大,声音就越长;
C、频率越大,声音就越低;
D、频率越大,声音就越高
2.关于元音和辅音的区别的描述,是正确的。
A、元音发音时间短暂,辅音发音时间较长。
温州大学考研真题822高等代数硕士研究生专业课考试试题(2015-2018年)
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2 1 0L 1 2 1L 01 2L (2) M M MO 0 0 0L 0 0 0L
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. MM 21 12
3、(20 分) k 取何值时,线性方程组
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求矩阵 C.
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第 1 页,共 2 页
2017 年硕士研究生招生考试试题
科目代码及名称: 822 高等代数
适用专业:应用数学
6、(15 分)设 f1 (x) x2 2x 2 , f2 (x) x2 1, f3 (x) 2x2 2x 3 , g1 (x) x2 x 1 ,
2 1 1
1 0 0
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C
0 3
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0
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7、(15 分)设 A为 n 级方阵. 证明:若任意非零 n 维向量都是 A的特征向
量,则 A是数量矩阵。
8、(20分)设 是 n 维欧氏空间V 的线性变换,证明下面三个命题相互等
5、(15)证明:次数 0 且首项系数为 1 的多项式 f (x) 是一个不可约多项式的 方幂的充分必要条件为:对任意的多项式 g(x) 必有 ( f (x), g(x)) 1,或者对某一 正整数 m, f (x) | gm (x) 。
温州大学文学理论2004--2018,2020年考研专业课真题
2020年硕士研究生招生考试试题
科目代码及名称: 815文学理论适用专业:050101文艺学、050102
中国古代文学、050103中国现当代文学、050107比较文学与世界文学、0501Z1文化创意
(请考生在答题纸上答题,在此试题纸上答题无效)
一、专业概念解释(50分)
1. 悲剧(10分)
2. 期待视野(10分)
3. 游戏说(10分)
4. 无意识(10分)
5. 文如其人(10分)
二、材料分析题(50分)
阅读下列材料,然后回答所列问题。
法国批评家帕斯卡尔·卡萨瓦诺在她的名著《文学世界共和国》中谈到:远离强势文化中心的作家并不必然是外在于“世界文学”的,文学有其自然的评判、接受和传播逻辑,正是这种文学逻辑可以让文学拥有不同于政治标记的领土和疆界。
有一个非常值得思考的例子,鲁迅在《阿Q正传》等作品中对“精神胜利法”的描述曾经在很长一段时间被我们认为是汉民族国民劣根性一面的集中凸显,但后来在日本和韩国学者的相关讨论中,他们认为在他们民族内部同样有相当普遍的“精神胜利法”的民众心理基础,因此有学者提出将“精神胜利法”理解为一种儒学文化圈影响下的“东亚国民性”。
然而,又有很多学者发现,在《堂吉诃德》等不少西方名著里,也能找到这种“精神胜利法”。
这个例子至少说明,鲁迅的创作从社会的实际和民族的具体性出发,但以其深广的忧患和境界的超拔,而达至了“世界文学”的高度,属于世界文学的一部分。
此外,鲁迅在《孤独者》等作品中对于孤独情境和心灵异化的探讨,也具备一种存在主义的深度,这是学界早已有的共识。
温州大学英语语言学考研真题2012、2015—2018年
2012年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题科目代码及名称: 817 英语语言学A卷适用专业:英语语言文学I. Explain the following terms. (25%)1. endocentric construction;2. denotation;3. psycholinguistics;4. Sapir-Whorf hypothesis;5. minimal piars II. Decide whether each of the given statements is TRUE or FALSE. If it is true, write down A on your ANSWER SHEET; if it is false, write down B on it. (20%)1. Acoustic phonetics is the study of the perception of sounds by the human ear.2. Morphemes such as –ing, -ed, -able, are known as inflectional morphemes.3. The affixes in the English language are traditionally called bound morphemes.4. In separating langue from parole we are at the same time separating (1) what is social from what isindividual; and (2) what is essential from what is accessory.5. By Saussure, arbitrariness refers to the fact that the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship totheir meaning.6. Suprasegmentals mainly include syllables, tone, intonation, distinctive features.7. In English, we can have the syllable structure of CCCVCCCC.8. By Leonard Bloomfield (1933), word should be treated as “the minimum free form”.9. The different shapes or phonetic forms of a morpheme are allomorphs of this morpheme, e.g. the differentforms of the plural morpheme in English are /s/, /z/, /iz/, and so on.10. ad, bike, math, etc. are instances of backformation.11. Noam Chomsky is hailed as the father of modern linguistics.12. Systemic-Functional grammar consists of the two inseparable components --- Systemic Grammar andFunctional Grammar.13. The TEXTUAL FUNCTION refers to the fact that language has mechanisms to make any stretch ofspoken or written discourse into a coherent and unified text and make a living passage different from a random list of sentences.14. Phonetic similarity means that the allophones of a phoneme must bear some morphological resemblance.15. The first stage of TG grammar is the Standard Theory, and the fifth stage of it is the Minimalist Program.16. Sense refers to the concrete entities with some properties, while reference refers to the abstract propertiesof an entity.17. Propositional Logic treats a simple proposition as an unanalyzed whole, while Predicate Logic studies theinternal structure of simple propositions.18. Children’s first words are different in different language environments.19. Among the three levels of categories, the subordinate level categories are most culturally salient and arerequired to fulfill our cognitive needs the best.20.Nouns, verbs, adjectives and many adverbs are closed-class words.III. Give brief answers to the following questions (30%)1. Do you think there are true synonyms in English? Why?2. Why do we need to teach culture in our language classroom?3. What is the relation between arbitrariness and conventionality?IV. Do the analysis as required (25%)1. Disambiguate the following sentences, using the tree diagrams. (15%)(1) John left the book on the shelf.(2) The professor’s appointment was shocking.(3) Beautiful villages and cities can be seen.2. Make the componential analysis of the following words. (10%)(1) chopsticks; (2) teacher; (3) son; (4) take; (5) giveV. Write an essay in about 500 words after reading the following quote (50%)The word TEXT is used in linguistics to refer to any passage, spoken or written, of whatever length, that does form a unified whole. We know, as a general rule, whether any specimen of our own language constitutes a TEXT or not. This does not mean there can never be any uncertainty. The distinction between a text and a collection of unrelated sentences is in the last resort a matter of degree, and there may always be instances about which we are uncertain – a point that is probably familiar to most teachers from reading their students’ compositions. But this does not invalidate the general observation that we are sensitive to the distinction between what is text and what is not. (Halliday and Hasan 1976: 1)第 1 页,共 2 页2015年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题(A卷)科目代码及名称: 820 英语语言学适用专业:英语语言文学01、03方向考生(请考生在答题纸上答题,在此试题纸上答题无效)I. Discriminate the following pairs of terms. (25 points)1. psycholinguistics vs. cognitive linguistics;2. error vs. mistake ;3. competence vs. communicative competence ;4. synchronic vs. diachronic ;5. phonetics vs. phonology.II. Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. If it is true, write A on the answer sheet; if it is false, write B on it. (20 points)1. The study of language in use is called pragmatics.2. Chomsky has been called father of modern linguistics.3. The idea that the meaning of a sentence depends on the meanings of the constituent words and the way they are combined is usually known as the principle of compositionality.4. There are three main subtypes of antonymy: gradable antonymy, converse antonymy, and relational antonymy.5. We can divide a syllable into two parts, the RHYME (or RIME) and the ONSET. The vowel within the rhyme is the NUCLEUS, with the consonant(s) after it termed the CODA.6. The study of how words are combined to form sentences is called syntax.7. The sound [s] is shared by “maps” and “keeps” as a common morpheme.8. When we use a simple set of symbols in our transcription, it is called a NARROW TRANSCRIPTION.9. The change of the negative prefix “in-” to “im-” when preceding /p/ is through a process called assimilation.10. The lower terms for a superordinate are class members.11. Garden path sentences are sentences that are initially interpreted with a different structure than they actually have.12. A stem is any morpheme or combination of morphemes to which a derivational affix can be added.13. The word “interpersonal” consists of three morphemes.14. Nouns, adverbs, and adjectives belong to function words.15. Polymorphemic words which consist wholly of free morphemes are called compounds.第 1 页,共 2 页16. Langue is defined by Saussure as the concrete utterances of a speaker.17. Positional relation, or word order, refers to the sequential arrangement of words in a language.18. All the words in a language can be used to refer to, but only some have senses.19. Sense is regarded as a kind of intralinguistic relationship.20. The word “baby-sit” is an exocentric compound.III. Answer the following questions. (30 points)1. How do you comment on Paul Herbert Grice’s CP(COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLE)?2. How do you interpret REGISTER?IV. Analysis. (25 points)1. Write down the phonetic symbol according to each of the following descriptions, andthen give an English word that contains this sound. (10 points)Phonetic description phonetic symbol English word(1) bilabial nasal [ ](2) voiced postalveolar affricate [ ](3) voiceless velar stop [ ](4) mid central unrounded lax vowel [ ](5) back high rounded tense vowel [ ]2. Disambiguate the given two constructions below using IC (immediate constituent) analysis. Tree diagrams are required. (10 points)(1) John loves old towns and villages.(2) The children watched the firework from the hill.3. Write out the semantic components of each word. (5 points)(1) raise; (2) wifeV. Write a short essay in about 500 words on either of the two topics below.(50 points)1. In Chinese, expressions for moving from one city to another by way of yet another city must take the form ‘from X pass-through Y to Z’, and cannot be expressed as ‘from X to Z pass-through Y’. How would you characterize the form-meaning relationship exhibited by these Chinese expressions?2. Is it necessary to distinguish between semantics and pragmatics? Please argue for your view.第 2 页,共 2 页2016年硕士研究生招生考试试题(A卷)科目代码及名称: 820 英语语言学适用专业:英语语言文学01、03方向考生(请考生在答题纸上答题,在此试题纸上答题无效)I. Define the following terms. (50 points)1. I-narrator;2. locutionary act;3. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis;4. reference;5. relational opposites;6. exocentric construction;7. back-formation;8. blending;9. phonology; 10. competenceII. Answer the two given questions. (30 points)1. Do you agree with the view that no language is especially simple?2. How does language relate to culture?III. Analyses. (20 points)1. Write out the different meanings of the following two ambiguous constructions. (10 points)(1) The chicken is too hot to eat.(2) Visiting relatives can be boring.2. Do the componential analysis on the lexical meanings of the given words below. (10 points)(1) raise; (2) wifeIV. Write a short essay in about 500 words on either of the two topics below.(50 points)1. In cognitive linguistics, metaphor is not a figure of speech merely, it is conceptual. In what sense is metaphor said to be conceptual?2. Give a comment on Noam Chomsky’s Innateness Hypothesis.第 1 页,共 1 页2017年硕士研究生招生考试试题 (A卷)科目代码及名称: 820 英语语言学适用专业:英语语言文学01、03方向考生I. Define the following terms. (30 points)1. exocentric;2. phonology;3. root;4. converse antonymy;5. Nida’s classification of culture;6. constativeII. Analyses. (30 points)1. Use tree diagrams in IC analysis to clarify the given constructions. (15 points)(1) beautiful cities and villages(2) Chinese geography teachers(3) The boy was crying.2. Describe the following sound segments. (15 points)(1) /d/; (2) /n/; (3) /θ/; (4) /ʌ/; (5) /æ/; (6) /ә:/III. Answer the given questions below. (40 points)1. What are some important contributions that sociolinguistics has made to linguistic studies? (10 points)2. Do you think there are true synonyms in English? Why (not)? (10 points)3. In what way do we say Chinese is a tone language? (10 points)4. What is the distinction between inflectional affixes and derivational affixes? (10 points) IV. Write a short essay in about 500 words on the given topic. (50 points) What is your understanding of the relationship between language and literature?第1 页,共1 页2018年硕士研究生招生考试试题科目代码及名称: 820 英语语言学适用专业:英语语言文学01、03方向考生(请考生在答题纸上答题,在此试题纸上答题无效)I. Define the following terms. (30 points)(1) allophone; (2) free morpheme; (3) design features;(4) complementary antonymy; (5) endocentric construction; (6) referenceII. Analyses. (30 points)1. Use tree diagrams in IC analysis to clarify the given constructions. (10 points)(1) Leave the book on the shelf.(2) Mary became very ill.2. Describe the following sound segments. (10 points)(1) /t/; (2) /m/; (3)/s/; (4) /i:/; (5) /u/;3. Write out the semantic components of each word. (10 points)(1) gentleman; (2) killIII. Answer the given questions below. (40 points)1. How do you understand the distinction between performance and competence? (10 points)2. What would language be like if it had not the property of duality? (10 points)3. How can a linguist make his analysis scientific? (10 points)4. Why should language teachers learn some knowledge of linguistics? (10 points)IV. Write a short essay in about 500 words on the given topic. (50 points) What is pragmatic failure? Support your statement with some instances of pragmatic failure in the English used by Chinese learners of English.第 1 页,共 1 页。
温州大学语言学概论2009真题
2009年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题
科目代码及名称: 语言学概论(813)(A)卷适用专业:汉语言文字学、语言学及应用语言学(请考生在答题纸上答题,在此试题纸上答题无效)
一、名词解释(每题2分,共12分)
1)小学2)国际音标3)组合关系4)音质音位5)语法范畴6)洋泾浜语
二、判断题,下列句子表述正确的打“√”,错误的打“×”。
(每题1分,共12分)
1)历史比较语言学使语言学成为一门独立的科学。
2)音位是最小的意义单位。
3)“鲁迅是运用语言的楷模,他的语言很值得我们学习。
”句中的两个“语言”完全相同。
4)语素、词和句子之间没有必然的大小关系。
5)[p t k p’t’ k’]在汉语中属于3个音位,在英语中属于6个音位。
6)词缀是依附在词干上的语素。
7)组合规则是潜在的,聚合规则是现实的。
8)语法是一种有解释力的规则,即语法规则环环相扣,一条规则受另一条规则的制约,或另一条规则补充这一条规则,这是因为语法规则具有系统性。
9)近义词“恐吓”和“吓唬”意义上的差别主要在于语体色彩。
10)汉字是高级的书面语言。
11)亲属语言是从同一种语言分化出来的几种独立的语言,彼此有同源关系,汉语和藏语是亲属语言。
12)双语现象是某一言语社团使用两种或多种语言的社会现象。
三、填空(每空1分,共25分)
1)瑞士的著作标志着结构主义语言学的诞生。
2)交际是由、发码、、和五部分组成的。
温州大学2018年《241法语》考研专业课真题试卷
2018年硕士研究生招生考试试题(请考生在答题纸上答题,在此试题纸上答题无效)Partie I : Structure grammaticale et vocabulaire (30 points, soit 1 point / réponse)1. Monsieur Dupont est un ____ ami, on se connait depuis longtemps.A. vieuB. vieuxC. vieilD. vieille2. Madame MARCEAU est ____ professeur.A. leB. monC. maD. ce3. - Connaissez-vous quelqu’un dans cette ville ?- Non, _____________________.A. je ne connais pas quelqu’unB. je ne connais pas personneC. je ne connais personneD. je connais personne.4. Il a fini les derniers pages de son livre en ____ le bus.A. regardantB. attendantC. montantD. descendant5. Le matin, mon père va au travail ___ pied.A. àB. avecC. enD. sur6. - Tu ne veux pas voir mes photos ? - ___, montre-les-moi.A. OuiB. NonC. SiD. Pas du tout7. Ces Chinois qui vivent à l’ étranger n’ont jamais oublié ___ pays.A. sonB. sesC. leurD. leurs8. Paul n’a que 3 ans, il est ____ jeune pour prendre le bus tout seul.A. siB. tropC. trèsD. assez9. A nos jours, on peut acheter des légumes frais en ___ saison.A. toutB. tousC. touteD. toutes10. Les enfants bénéficient de tarifs ___ pour le train.A. spécialB. spécialeC. spécialesD. spéciaux11. - V ous avez encore des enveloppes ? - Oui, il ___ reste encore quelques-unes.A. enB. lesC. leurD. y12. Ma soeur a acheté des livres _____ elle a besoin.A. desquelsB. qu’C. dontD. qui第 1 页,共7 页。
2011年温州大学人文学院813语言学概论考研真题【圣才出品】
2011年温州大学人文学院813语言学概论考研真题
科目代码及名称:813语言学概论A
适用专业:汉语言文字学/语言学及应用语言学
一、注音题(用国际音标给下面这段文字注出普通话读音,共30分)
句子里的绝大部分词组都是根据表达的需要临时作出的组合。
这种词组,人们不需要死记硬背,只要交际有需要,马上就能按照语法规则把有关的词组织起来,所以称之为自由词组。
语言中也有不少必须完整地记住的词的固定的组合,这类词组叫做固定词组。
固定词组中的成分一般不能更换、增删,次序不能颠倒,它在语法结构中的作用与词完全一样。
二、解释题(每题10分,共70分)
1.音位也可以定义为一束区别特征。
2.同音词在语言的运用中有它积极和消极的作用。
3.词形变化是词的组合结构关系所要求的。
4.词义的派生有现实的基础。
5.语言表达思想的功能也有它的局限性。
6.语音的变化很整齐,可以用“规律”的形式表达出来。
7.文字者,所以为意与声之迹也。
三、论述题(任选一题,共50分)
1.同一聚合群的音位应该具有相同的组合关系。
2.语言符号彼此之间必须保持有效的区别。
2018年浙江温州大学现代汉语考研真题
2018年浙江温州大学现代汉语考研真题一、判断题:(每题1分,共10分)1、"筛选"属于主谓型合成词。
2. 齐齿呼韵母能同z、c 、s相拼。
3、“文学语言”就是文艺作品中运用的语言。
4、汉字字体发展史上最重要的变化是隶变。
5、“乾”字简化后一律写成“干”。
6、“艺术性、思想性、党性、阴性、阳性、男性、女性”中的“性”都是后缀。
7、仄声即指普通话中阳平、上声和去声。
8、复句常使用关联词语,但是不一定每个复句都是使用关联词语的,而使用关联词语的也不一定都是复句。
9、“张主任要求每位教师交教学计划”是不属于主谓短语充当主语的句子。
10、具有强调义特点的辞格是:夸张、错综、衬托、反复、反语、对比。
二、选择题:(每题1分,共10分)1、“我应该感谢母亲,她教给我与困难作斗争的勇气。
”是____。
A、主谓短语作主语的句子B、兼语句C、主谓谓语句D、复句2、普通话“自、词、四、指”的韵母属于____。
A、开口呼B、合口呼C、齐齿呼D、撮口呼3、汉语普通话的浊声母一共有____个。
A、4B、5C、21D、224、下列几个句子中,句末“啊”的读音与众不同的是____。
A、真窝囊啊!B、你真好啊!C、唱啊!D、真行啊!5、下列汉字中都是指事字的是____。
A、燕本井B、亦我莫C、甘天下D、刃末大6、下列各组中都是主谓式合成词是是____。
A、冬至笔直民主B、雪白情感将领C、性急地震口红D、革命粉饰函授7、下列不读轻声的是____。
A、漂亮B、铁匠C、蝴蝶D、狐狸8、下面“研究研究”的解说哪个是对的?A、两个词重叠构成一个重叠式短语。
B、词的重叠形式。
C、不重叠是词,重叠后是短语。
D、两个语素的重叠构成一个重叠式词。
9、r和sh的发音区别在于____。
A、发音部位B、声带是否振动C、气流克服阻碍的方法D、气流强弱10、下面四例____是不同词类造成的歧义。
A、殷勤接待我们的港澳同胞。
B、昨天没有学习文件。
温州大学文学理论2018到2004十五套考研真题
2018年硕士研究生招生考试试题
科目代码及名称: 812-文学理论
适用专业:文艺学、中国现当代文学、
(请考生在答题纸上答题,在此试题纸上答题无效)
一、专业概念解释(50分)
1. 诗无达诂(10分)
2. 修辞立其诚(10分)
3. 极简主义小说(10分)
4. 人生艺术化(10分)
5. 陌生化理论(10分)
二、阅读下列材料,然后回答所列问题。
(50分)
“文如其人”是中国古代文论中的一个常见的说法,而西方有个近似的说法叫“风格即人”。
“文如其人”见于宋代文豪苏轼的《答张文潜书》一文:“子由之文实胜仆,而世俗不知,乃以为不如;其为人深不愿人知之,其文如其为人。
”“文如其人”的大意是说,文品大可等同于人品,即你心里想的是什么便会把你所想的东西通过文字表达出来。
“风格即人”是18世纪法国启蒙主义思想家和文学家德·布封的一句名言。
有的人把它翻译成“风格就是人”。
布封强调作品思想的重要性。
他认为那些只描写“琐屑对象”的作品,不可能成为“传世
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考研语言学解析真题及答案
考研语言学解析真题及答案语言学是一门研究语言的学科,涵盖广泛且深入的内容。
对于考研生而言,语言学是考试中非常重要的一部分。
在考试中,解析真题并掌握答案是提高分数的关键。
本文将对进行探讨,帮助考生更好地备考。
首先,我们来看一个例子:“人类的语言活动是指以语言为工具,进行思维交流、情感表达、信息传递、文化传承等的行为。
”这个例子涉及到了语言的定义和功能。
在解析这类题目时,我们需要明确的是语言的本质和意义。
语言是人类特有的交流工具,通过语言人们能够传递信息、表达思想、交流感情等。
语言的功能多样,它不仅是思维和交流的工具,还是文化传承的载体。
其次,我们来看一个与语言现象相关的例子:“单词的概念具有导言性的特征,即单词在实际运用中具有不同的意义。
”这个例子涉及到了词汇的导言性。
解析这类题目时,我们需要了解词汇的导言性是什么意思。
导言性是指词汇在不同的语境中具有不同的意义。
同一个词汇在不同的句子中可能具有不同的含义,需要根据具体语境来确定词汇的意义。
导言性是词汇意义的重要特征,它使得语言能够更准确地表达思想和交流信息。
接下来,我们看一个与语音学相关的例子:“声音是语言的基本要素,不同的语言使用不同的语音来表达意思。
”这个例子涉及到了语言的声音特征。
在解析这类题目时,我们需要了解语音学的基本概念。
语音学是研究语音现象的学科,它研究的对象是语音的产生、传播和接收。
语音是语言的基本要素,通过不同的语音单元可以组成不同的词汇和句子,进而表达不同的意思。
最后,我们来看一个与语言变化相关的例子:“语言的变化是一种历史现象,不同的时期和地区语言会发生变化。
”这个例子涉及到了语言变化的概念。
解析这类题目时,我们需要了解语言变化的原因和过程。
语言变化是一种历史现象,它受到社会和文化等多种因素的影响。
不同的时期和地区,语言会发生变化,包括词汇的增减、语法结构的演变等。
了解语言变化的规律可以帮助我们更好地理解语言的发展和变化。
通过以上的例子,我们可以看出,语言学是一门琳琅满目的学科,涉及到语言的各个方面。
温州大学语言学概论2007--2018,2020年考研专业课真题
2020年硕士研究生招生考试试题
科目代码及名称:615 语言学概论适用专业:汉语言文字学/语言学及应用
(请考生在答题纸上答题,在此试题纸上答题无效)
一、判断题。
(每题1分,共10分)
1、一种语言中句子的数目是无限的。
()
2、语言具有自然属性、社会属性的双重属性。
()
3、声调由音强和音高决定。
()
4、“花”由“花朵”的“花”引申为“花架子”的“花”是换喻。
()
5、同一聚合群中的音位往往有相同的组合关系。
()
6、词缀按其功能可以分为派生词缀和附加词缀。
()
7、汉语是没有形态的孤立语。
()
8、渐变性和平衡性是语言演变的两大特点。
()
9、汉语和藏语、越南语同属于汉藏语系语言。
()
10、茉莉、葡萄、荔枝、柠檬、玫瑰都是借词。
()
二、名词解释。
(每题4分,共16分)
1、音位
2、语素
3、共同语
4、语言联盟
三、应用题。
(每题24分,共48分)
1、用国际音标给下面一段文字注音。
语言替换的过程大体上是先出现双语或多语现象,然后是几种语言中的优势语言逐渐排挤、替代其他语言而完成语言的替换。
这是一个漫长的过程,不是在几年中就能得出结果的一次性行为。
2、分析现代汉语a音位的变体以及出现的语音条件。
四、论述题。
(每题38分,共76分)
1、试论语音演变的规律性及其所具有的特点。
2、试论词义演变的方式与途径。
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温州大学2018年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题826 音乐(含舞蹈)作品分析
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2018年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题
科目代码及名称: 826音乐(含舞蹈)作品分析适用专业:音乐与舞蹈学
注意:1.考生限定在答题纸上答题。
2.第一、二、三题由音乐类考生作答;第四、五题由舞蹈类考生作答。
一、在答题纸上完成以下作品的曲式结构图。在结构图表中标明作品的调式调性、不同层次的曲体结构及起至小节。(80分)
第1页,共4页
第2页,共4页
二、在答题纸上分析完成下列音乐作品的调式与和声。(40分)
第3页,共4页
三、在答题纸上分析完成下列音乐作品的调式布局,并说明该作品所使用的主要音乐发展手法。(30国舞蹈比赛”获奖作品藏族女群舞《酥油飘香》的创新点体现在哪些方面。
五、论述题。(85分)
温州大学621英语基础
2018年硕士研究生招生考试试题科目代码及名称:621英语基础适用专业:英语语言文学(请考生在答题纸上答题,在此试题纸上答题无效)Part One Blank-filling(本节共20分)For each blank in the following passage you are requested to fill in only ONE word.Fast and DirtyFood delivery is a booming business.Waste is piling up,too.Three couriers in hard helmets cram into an office lift in Beijing—one clad in red,one in yellow and one in blue.The trios are dispatching food that was purchased online through China’s most popular meal-ordering firms, which(1)urban roads every midday with their colorful delivery people on electric bicycles. Delivery fees as(2)as three yuan($0.46)have helped to transform urban lunch-hours.But the booming business is also fuelling concerns about everything from(3)to the abuse of workers.Such services—which enable users of a single site to(4)food from a swathe of local restaurants—are expanding around the world.But in China the industry is on a tear.By the end of June,the number of registered users had risen to295m,40%more than at the end of last year,according to government analysts.The value of meals bought(5)was about$25bn in 2016and could(6)to around$36bn by the end of next year,says iiMedia,a research firm.The market leaders are Meituan and Ele.me.Both still make losses in food delivery,but they have backing from Tencent and Alibaba(7)—tech giants eager to find ways of pushing customers to their dueling online payment systems.Such businesses first began to take(8)in student dormitories.In these days young office-workers are by far the biggest market.But there is much hand-wringing about the consequences of their popularity.Officials say the couriers threaten road(9).They ride electric bikes which are cheap,need no license and are handy in cities like Beijing that(10)the use of motorcycles.Delivery people often mount pavements or drive(11)the flow of traffic to maximize earnings during the lunchtime(12).Last month officials in Nanjing said meal delivery bikes in the eastern city had been involved in more than3,000accidents in the first six months of the year.In one district of Shanghai police have(13)a penalty-points system.They orderthose who acquire a certain number of points to perform community(14).The police can ask couriers’第1页,共5页employers to fire them.Another worry is the welfare of delivery people,many of whom are migrants from the countryside.In several ways they have it easier than other types of courier:food boxes are easier to(15)than bulky parcels,and the recipients are always there.But China Labor Bulletin, an NGO in Hong Kong,says meal deliverers have been staging growing numbers of protests about poor treatment by their employers(usually subcontractors),including wages(16)late. Linking their pay to customer ratings has also made it easy for customers to demand more of them than they should:the purchase of groceries en route(17)their destinations,for example, or the disposal of household rubbish.Most hotly debated of late is the impact the business is having on the environment.Each day about65m meal-containers are(18),by one estimate.Campaigners object to the unwanted cutlery,napkins and chopsticks that restaurants selling through online platforms habitually bundle with orders.The Green Volunteer League of Chongqing,a Chinese NGO,says that food-delivery sites have not made it easy enough for customers to refuse such sundries(the big companies deny this).In September a court in Beijing agreed to examine whether they have (19)consumers’rights.There would be much less reason to worry about the mountains of waste if households and local governments did a better job of keeping recyclables separate from gunk.This year the central government ordered46cities to come(20)with new systems for sorting rubbish,which it talks of making mandatory by2020.That is progress,but only if it is unwavering:over the years officials have found several similar campaigns all too easy to throw out.Part Two Reading Comprehension(本节含两小部分,共40分)Comics is a medium used to express ideas by images,often combined with text or other visual ics frequently takes the form of juxtaposed sequences(21)of panels of images.Often textual devices such as speech balloons,captions,and onomatopoeia indicate dialogue,narration,sound effects,or other information.Size and arrangement of panels contribute to narrative pacing(22).Cartooning and similar forms of illustration are the mostcommon image-making means in comics;fumetti is a form which uses photographic images. Common forms of comics include comic strips,editorial and gag cartoons,and comic books. Since the late20th century,bound volumes such as graphic novels,comic albums,and tankōbon have become increasingly common,and online web-comics have proliferated(23)in the21st第2页,共5页century.The history of comics has followed different paths in different cultures.Scholars have posited a pre-history as far back as the Lascaux cave paintings.By the mid-20th century,comics flourished particularly in the United States,Western Europe(especially in France and Belgium), and Japan.The history of European comics is often traced to Rodolphe Töpffer's cartoon strips of the1830s,and became popular following the success in the1930s of strips and books such as The Adventures of Tintin.American comics emerged as a mass medium in the early20th century with the advent of newspaper comic strips;magazine-style comic books followed in the 1930s,in which the superhero genre became prominent after Superman appeared in1938. Histories of Japanese comics and cartooning propose origins as early as the12th century. Modern comic strips emerged in Japan in the early20th century,and the output of comics magazines and books rapidly expanded in the post-World War II era with the popularity of cartoonists such as Osamu ics has had a lowbrow(24)reputation for much of its history,but towards the end of the20th century began to find greater acceptance with the public and in academia(25).The English term comics is used as a singular noun when it refers to the medium and a plural when referring to particular instances,such as individual strips or comic books.Though the term derives from the humorous(or comic)work that predominated in early American newspaper comic strips,it has become standard also for non-humorous works.It is common in English to refer to the comics of different cultures by the terms used in their original languages, such as manga for Japanese comics,or bandes dessinées for French-language comics.There is no consensus amongst theorists and historians on a definition of comics;some emphasize the combination of images and text,some sequentiality(26)or other image relations,and others historical aspects such as mass reproduction or the use of recurring characters.The increasing cross-pollination of concepts from different comics cultures and eras has further made definition difficult.The European,American,and Japanese comics traditions have followed different paths. Europeans have seen their tradition as beginning with the Swiss Rodolphe Töpffer from as earlyas1827and Americans have seen the origin of theirs in Richard F.Outcault's1890s newspaper strip The Yellow Kid,though many Americans have come to recognize Töpffer's precedence(27). Japan had a long prehistory of satirical cartoons and comics leading up to the World War II era. The ukiyo-e artist Hokusai popularized the Japanese term for comics and cartooning,manga,in the early19th century.In the post-war era modern Japanese comics began to flourish when Osamu Tezuka produced a prolific(28)body of work.Towards the close of the20th century,第3页,共5页these three traditions converged(29)in a trend towards book-length comics:the comic album in Europe,the tankōbon in Japan,and the graphic novel in the English-speaking countries.Outside of these genealogies,comics theorists and historians have seen precedents for comics in the Lascaux cave paintings in France(some of which appear to be chronological sequences of images),Egyptian hieroglyphs,Trajan's Column in Rome,the11th-century Norman Bayeux Tapestry,the1370bois Protat woodcut,the15th-century Ars moriendi and block books,Michelangelo's The Last Judgment in the Sistine Chapel,and William Hogarth's 18th-century sequential engravings(30),amongst others.Language Work Based on the above Passage(I)Explain the underlined parts(number21--30)above on the Answer Sheet(第1节每题2分,共20分)(题号:21-30请答在答题纸上)21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30. (II)Answer the following two questions according to the article and write your interpretation. (第2节每题10分,共20分)31.What is the essential element concerning the definition of comics?32.Why was the comics popular in Japan in the modern era?Part Three Translation work(本节共40分)Put the following passages into English.(A)我想,其实谁都有一个小小花园,这便是我们的内心世界。
温州大学2018年硕士研究生招生考试试题333教育综合
科目代码及名称: 333教育综合适用专业:0451教育(专业学位)
(请考生在答题纸上答题,在此试题纸上答题无效)
一.名词解释(每小题5分,共30分)
1.狭义的教育
2.人的社Байду номын сангаас发展
3.课程标准
4.学校管理
5.流体智力
6.认知学徒制
二、简答题(每小题10分,共40分)
1.简论孔子所倡导的教学方法。
4.材料:
一次课堂上,我发现一位女生在座位上偷照镜子。于是,快速轻步地走上前,一把缴过镜子,朝讲台上一丢,口里讽刺道:“不要照了,够漂亮的了!”话音未落,小圆镜“啪”地一下,从讲台上摔到了地上,破了。
“……老师,难道您认为摔破的仅仅是一面镜子?不,您摔破的是一位同学的心,一位自尊心很强的女同学的心;您的那句话,刺伤了一个爱美的灵魂……是的,这是一件小事,可是,老师可曾想过,这件小事造成的裂痕,以后能愈合得完好如初吗,……”放学后,我办公桌上平平整整地放着这么一封批评信。
请用德育理论的有关知识,对这个材料进行分析。
2.夸美纽斯的感觉实在论教育思想及评价。
3.简述进步主义教育运动的发展历程。
4.回复基础运动及其历史影响。
三、分析论述题(1-3为论述题,4为材料分析题,每小题20分,共80分)
1.王守仁的儿童教育思想。
2.论教学过程的本质属性。
3.阐述建构主义学习理论的主要观点,结合中小学实际谈谈建构主义学习理论对教学工作的启示。
2013年温州大学人文学院813语言学概论考研真题【圣才出品】
2013年温州大学人文学院813语言学概论考研真题科目代码及名称:813语言学概论适用专业:050102语言学及应用语言学、050103汉语言文字学、050107中国少数民族语言文学一、术语解释(10分)1.国际音标2.语言融合3.非音质单位4.语法手段5.语序二、填空题(10分):1.根据语言的亲属关系对语言进行分类的叫做______。
2.英语不同于汉语的重要语法手段是______。
3.根据舌位的高低,元音可分为______和______。
4.基本词汇的三个特点是______、______和______。
5.在语音属性中______是语音区别于其他声音的本质属性。
6.音位变体有两种:______变体和______变体。
三、单项选择题(10分)1.下列语言学术语中与语法形式有关的是______。
A.主谓B.体C.语调D.语境2.下列语言学术语中与语法意义有关的是______。
A.主格B.内部屈折C.重叠D.虚词3.关于“语言”的定义,不正确的一项是______。
A.语言是一种社会现象B.语言就是人们说出来的话C.语言的客观存在形式首先是有声的口头语言D.语言是一个符号系统4.索绪尔创立的语言学派可以称为______。
A.传统语言学B.历史比较语言学C.结构主义语言学D.社会语言学5.[p]的发音特征是______。
A.双唇送气清塞音B.双唇不送气清塞音C.双唇送气浊擦音D.双唇不送气浊擦音6.下面一组都是圆唇元音的是______。
A.[i, u]B.[e, o]C.[y, A.]D.[u, o]7.不属于语音弱化的是______。
A.音素脱落B.向央元音靠拢C.浊音变清音D.单元音变复元音8.语言符号的线性特征是指______。
A.语言符号像图表一样,可以上下左右排列B.语言符号只能一个跟着一个依次出现,在时间轴上延续C.语言符号可以聚合成类D.语言符号可以表达多个意思9.关于义素性质的说明中,正确的是______。
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4.举例说明什么是词义的模糊性,它会影响交际吗?为什么?(12分)
5.请说说你为什么选择语言学专业,对未来的学习和研究有何计划。(12分)
(附答卷纸五张)
A、表意—表音—表意兼表音B、表音—表意兼表音—表意
C、表意兼表音—表意—表音D、表意—表意兼表音—表音
9.下列各组词语,只有全是借词。
A、复制 复写 电车 电灯B、克隆 拷贝 沙发 扑克
C、电影 电视 电脑 电动D、激光 极光 蜜月 话筒
10.下列不是混合语的是。
A、克里奥尔语B、皮钦语C、洋泾浜D、世界语
A、词汇意义不同造成歧义B、结构关系不同造成歧义
C、结构层次不同造成歧义D、语义关系不同造成歧义
6.英语的man—→men采用的语法手段是。
A、屈折变化B、变换重音的位置
C、变化中缀D、异根
7.以下不属于中国传统“小学”范畴的是。
A、文字B、音韵C、训诂D、语法
8.从造字方法考察,文字的发展经历了三个阶段。
1.音素之间存在着关系和关系。
2.[t]—[d]的区别性特征表现为对立。
3.掌握一种语言的词,核心的问题是要把词的和词的联系起来。
4.词语的组合一方面要受到的支配,另一方面要受到的限制。
5.“人称”是与有关的语法范畴,它表示动作行为是由谁发出的。
6.对于缺乏词的形态变化的语言来说,划分词类只能依靠语法中的特征;如果是有形态变化的语言,划分词类只要依靠语法中的特征就可以了。
三、单项选择题(10分)
1.下列说法,只有正确。
A、振幅越大,声音就越弱;B、振幅越大,声音就越长;
C、频率越大,声音就越低;D、频率越大,声音就越高
2.关于元音和辅音的区别的描述,是正确的。
A、元音发音时间短暂,辅音发音时间较长。
B、辅音发音响亮,元音发音不响亮。
C、发辅音气流受阻,发元音气流不受阻。
四、判断题(10分)
1.汉是音素的标写符号,音标是文字的书写符号。
3.各个不同的社会群体,社会约定不同。因此,同一个意义可以采用不同的语言形式去表达。
4.“青年”、“上午”等词的意义的模糊性主要是由语义界限不明确造成的。
5.研究语言符号的意义一般都以语素作为基本单位。
五、简答题(18分)
1.简述语言发展演变的两大特点。(6分)
2.简要说明词义的特点。(6分)
3.简述音位与音素的区别。(6分)
六、应用分析题(32分)
1.分析下面句子中“作为”的词性和功能。(8分)
a.她给了我这一枝白玉莲花,作为信物。
b.作为女人,都有妒忌之心,独独你不妒忌吗?
2.根据要求,把“公园里的孩子们将娱乐场挤得水泄不通。”变换成相应的同义句式。(8分)
2018年硕士研究生招生考试试题
科目代码及名称: 813语言学概论适用专业:050102语言学及应用语言学/050103汉语言文字学/050107中国少数民族语言文学
(请考生在答题纸上答题,在此试题纸上答题无效)
一、术语解释(10分)
1.书面语2.符号3.音位4.词形变化5.屈折
二、填空题(10分):
D、元音和辅音发音器官的各个部位均衡紧张。
3.汉语普通话音节结构。
A、最长由三个音素组成B、最长由四个音素组成
C、最长由五个音素组成D、最短由两个音素组成
4.汉语北京话中,有的人把“一般儿大”(同样大)说成“一边儿大”,这种现象在语音学上叫。
A、同化B、异化C、弱化D、增音
5.“连老王都打了”是一个歧义结构,歧义的原因是。
6.“短”和“矮”的不同主要表现在附加意义上。
7.英语“He reads a letter.”中reads中的s表示的语法意义是数、时和人称。
8.词类划分的重要标准有两个:一是句法标准,二是意义标准。
9.文字和书面语虽有不可分割的联系,但文字本身不是书面语。
10.普通话中的“看”和“看看”语义意义不同,词汇意义则相同。
(1)以“娱乐场”为主语的被字句
(2)以“娱乐场”为中心语的名词性非主谓句
(3)一般的主谓句
3.分析歧义结构。(8分)
(1)小王说故事很有趣。
(2)连校长都不知道。
4.试用语素分析法区分“看、望、瞧、瞪、瞅”的词义。(8分)
七、论述题(60分)
1.论述几种常见的语法范畴。(12分)
2.举例说明语言符号的“能指”和“所指”以及二者关系的特征。(12分)