Note on the Management of Queues
如何查找 MQ amqsmon 中 -l 参数的整数值说明书
How to find the integer values for the -l parameter in MQ amqsmonhttps:///support/pages/node/6152391Date last updated: 03-Apr-2020Angel Rivera –*************.comIBM MQ Support+++ ObjectiveYou want to use the MQ monitoring utility amqsmon to parse the accounting and statistics records, but you want to show only certain attributes in the output.You understand that you can use the -l parameter to specify the desired attributes, but the utility expects integer numbers and it is not obvious from the documentation, how to find the mapping of the attribute names and their integer numbers.The online manual shows an example for displaying the Queue accounting fields ConnectionId and ApplicationName:amqsmon -m saturn.queue.manager -t accounting -b -a -l 7006,3024It is necessary to specify integer numbers 7006 and 3024, instead of the names of the attributes. A sample output is shown below:ConnectionId: x'414d51435452455631202020202020208d0b374203090020'ApplicationName: 'runmqsc'However, the mapping of the attribute ConnectionId to the integer 7006 is not obvious.You want to display the Queue statistics fields QMaxDepth and AvgTimeOnQ. How do you find out which integers to use?The objective of this tutorial is to show you all the steps to find out the mapping.For illustration purposes, real output data is shown from a queue manager that has been configured to record the statistics and accounting data.The function of statistics and accounting was introduced many versions ago and thus, it is included in all supported versions of MQ. For illustration purposes, MQ 9.0.5 CD on Windows 10 is being used, but the principles and commands apply to all versions.The chapters are:Chapter 1: Configuring a queue manager to record statistics and accounting dataChapter 2: Information on the utility “amqsmon” from the online manualChapter 3: Finding the mapping for ConnectionId (7006) and ApplicationName (3024) Chapter 4: Finding the mapping for QMAXDETH (?) and AVGTIMEONQ (?)++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++ Chapter 1: Configuring a queue manager to record statistics and accounting data++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++ BackgroundThe following tutorial was the base for the changes in the configuration of the queue manager./support/docview.wss?uid=swg27022497Gathering and Displaying Statistics in WebSphere MQ V7This WebSphere Support T echnical Exchange is designed to present how to gather and display statistics in WebSphere MQ V7, by using the sample amqsmon and the SupportPac MS0P 'WebSphere MQ Explorer - Configuration and Display Extension Plug-ins'.Level of Difficulty: IntermediateThis presentation includes a section on how you can use the MQ Explorer and install the following plugin to view the events and statistics:/support/docview.wss?rs=171&uid=swg24011617MS0P: WebSphere MQ Events and Statistics Plug-inWebSphere MQ Explorer plug-in for Events and Statistics reports.This SupportPac provides a mechanism to format Event messages and to aggregate the Statistics and Accounting reports generated by WebSphere MQ.++ ConfigurationHost: Windows 10Version of MQ: 9.0.5.0 CDThe scenario for this tutorial was done on a Windows machine that has multiple installations of MQ.Therefore, it is necessary to use setmqenv to specify the desired MQ installation.If you have only 1 installation, then the default one is Installation1.C:\> setmqenv -n Installation8C:\> dspmqverName: IBM MQVersion: 9.0.5.0Level: p905-L180305.1Platform: IBM MQ for Windows (x64 platform)O/S: Windows 10 Enterprise x64 Edition, Build 18363InstName: Installation8InstDesc: 9.0.5++ Parameters in the queue manager that were enabled for statistics and accounting:C:\> runmqsc QM905# Showing original values for the queue manager:display qmgr acctq acctint statq statintAMQ8408I: Display Queue Manager details.QMNAME(QMORI) ACCTINT(1800)ACCTQ(OFF) STATINT(1800)STATQ(OFF)# Altering the values to enable accounting and statistics and to set the refresh interval to 2 minutes (120 seconds):alter qmgr ACCTQ(ON) ACCTINT(120) STATQ(ON) STATINT(120)# Redisplaying the changed valuesdisplay qmgr acctq acctint statq statintAMQ8408I: Display Queue Manager details.QMNAME(QM905) ACCTINT(120)ACCTQ(ON) STATINT(120)STATQ(ON)# Showing original values for local queue Q1:display qlocal(Q1) acctq statqAMQ8409I: Display Queue details.QUEUE(Q1) TYPE(QLOCAL)ACCTQ(QMGR) STATQ(QMGR)# Altering the values to enable accounting and statistics for the queue:ALTER QLOCAL(Q1) ACCTQ(ON) STATQ(ON)# Redisplaying the changed values:display qlocal(Q1) acctq statqAMQ8409I: Display Queue details.QUEUE(Q1) TYPE(QLOCAL)ACCTQ(ON) STATQ(ON)++ MQ Client “amqsput” is used to put messages into a queueThis sample will trigger the generation of records for statistics and accounting.C:\> amqsput Q1 QM905Sample AMQSPUT0 starttarget queue is Q112++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++ Chapter 2: Information on the utility “amqsmon” from the online manual++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Let’s explore the online manual for the information on the “amqsmon” utility, which is a sample command that you can use to display the records that are generated with statistics and accounting data.The main page is the following one:https:///support/knowledgecenter/SSFKSJ_9.0.0/com.ibm.mq.mon.doc/q037400_.htm IBM MQ 9.0.x / IBM MQ / Monitoring and performance / Monitoring your IBM MQ network / Accounting and statistics messages / Displaying accounting and statistics information / amqsmon (Display formatted monitoring information).Use the amqsmon sample program to display in a readable format the information contained within accounting and statistics messages....-l ParameterOnly display the selected fields from the records processed.*** Parameter is a comma-separated list of integer values, with each integer value mapping to the numeric constant of a field, see amqsmon example 5. ***If you do not specify this parameter, then all available fields are displayed.OK, the above web page indicates that “amqsmon example 5” has more information.If you click on the link you will land at:https:///support/knowledgecenter/SSFKSJ_9.0.0/com.ibm.mq.mon.doc/q037410_.htm#q 037410___q037410_1IBM MQ 9.0.x / IBM MQ / Monitoring and performance / Monitoring your IBM MQ network / Accounting and statistics messages / Displaying accounting and statistics information / amqsmon (Display formatted monitoring information) examplesThe following command browses the accounting queue and displays the application name and connection identifier of every application for which MQI accounting information is available:amqsmon -m saturn.queue.manager -t accounting -b -a -l 7006,3024The output from this command follows:ConnectionId: x'414d51435452455631202020202020208d0b374203090020'ApplicationName: 'runmqsc'ConnectionId: x'414d51435452455631202020202020208d0b3742010a0020'ApplicationName: 'amqsput'++ Real Example using the integers 7006 and 3024Now let’s see what is the output that we obtain from the real data from our test machine: C:\> amqsmon -m QM905 -t accounting -b -l 7006,3024MonitoringType: QueueAccountingConnectionId: x'414d5143514d39303520202020202020fcf1855e01e80322'ApplicationName: 'WebSphere MQ\bin\amqsput.exe'QueueAccounting: 0MonitoringType: QueueAccountingConnectionId: x'414d5143514d39303520202020202020fcf1855e01ea0322'ApplicationName: 'BM\MQ_4\bin64\MQExplorer.exe'QueueAccounting: 0QueueAccounting: 1QueueAccounting: 2QueueAccounting: 3QueueAccounting: 4QueueAccounting: 5QueueAccounting: 6QueueAccounting: 7QueueAccounting: 8QueueAccounting: 9MonitoringType: QueueAccountingConnectionId: x'414d5143514d39303520202020202020fcf1855e01e90322'ApplicationName: 's\IBM\MQ_4\bin64\amqsput.exe'QueueAccounting: 0MonitoringType: QueueAccountingConnectionId: x'414d5143514d39303520202020202020fcf1855e01ef0322'ApplicationName: 'BM\MQ_4\bin64\MQExplorer.exe'QueueAccounting: 0QueueAccounting: 1QueueAccounting: 2QueueAccounting: 3QueueAccounting: 4QueueAccounting: 5QueueAccounting: 6QueueAccounting: 7QueueAccounting: 8QueueAccounting: 9MonitoringType: QueueAccountingConnectionId: x'414d5143514d39303520202020202020fcf1855e01e60322'ApplicationName: 's\IBM\MQ_4\bin64\runmqsc.exe'QueueAccounting: 05 Records Processed.+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Chapter 3: Finding the mapping for ConnectionId (7006) and ApplicationName (3024)++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++In the previous chapter we saw that certain integers were used, but it was not clear what process was taken to find them.** QUESTION: What is the mapping for 7006 and 3024 used in the example in the manual? Summary:7006 means MQBACF_CONNECTION_ID which is the "ConnectionId"3024 means MQCACF_APPL_NAME which is the "ApplicationName"** QUESTION: Where is the mapping explained?T o find out the mapping, it is necessary to take 2 steps.++ Step 1: Visit the appropriate web page for the message data for accounting (Step 1-a) or statistics (Step 1-b)+ Step 1-a: Queue accounting message datahttps:///support/knowledgecenter/SSFKSJ_9.1.0/com.ibm.mq.mon.doc/q037470_.htm IBM MQ 9.1.x / IBM MQ / Monitoring and performance / Monitoring your IBM MQ network / Accounting and statistics messages / Accounting and statistics message reference / Queue accounting message dataThe following is an excerpt for the stanzas for the fields ApplicationName and ConnectionId.The information that we are looking for is the attribute: Identifier+ begin excerptApplicationNameDescription: The name of the application. The contents of this field areequivalent to the contents of the PutApplName field inthe message descriptor.Identifier: MQCACF_APPL_NAMEData type: MQCFSTMaximum length: MQ_APPL_NAME_LENGTHReturned: AlwaysConnectionIdDescription: The connection identifier for the IBM MQ connectionIdentifier: MQBACF_CONNECTION_IDData type: MQCFBSMaximum length: MQ_CONNECTION_ID_LENGTHReturned: Always+ end excerptSo far, we have this partial mapping:ApplicationName => MQCACF_APPL_NAMEConnectionId => MQBACF_CONNECTION_ID+ Step 1-b: Queue statistics message datahttps:///support/knowledgecenter/SSFKSJ_9.1.0/com.ibm.mq.mon.doc/q037490_.htm IBM MQ 9.1.x / IBM MQ / Monitoring and performance / Monitoring your IBM MQ network / Accounting and statistics messages / Accounting and statistics message reference / Queue statistics message data++ Step 2: In the online Knowledge Center search for the Identifiers obtained from Step 1. You could start by visiting the following web page and then based on the first few characters of the Identifier name, visit the corresponding section.For example:Identifer: MQCACF_APPL_NAMESection:MQCACF_* (Command format Character Parameter Types)https:///support/knowledgecenter/SSFKSJ_9.1.0/com.ibm.mq.ref.dev.doc/q090210_.h tmIBM MQ 9.1.x / IBM MQ / Reference / Developing applications reference / MQI applications reference / Constants /Constants+ Step 2-a: Visit the appropriate sub-section and find the integer for the identifierhttps:///support/knowledgecenter/SSFKSJ_9.1.0/com.ibm.mq.ref.dev.doc/q090440_.h tmIBM MQ 9.1.x / IBM MQ / Reference / Developing applications reference / MQI applications reference / Constants / Constants /MQCACF_* (Command format Character Parameter Types)From the table:MQCACF_APPL_NAME 3024X'00000BD0'+ Step 2-b: Visit the appropriate sub-section and find the integer for the identifierhttps:///support/knowledgecenter/SSFKSJ_9.1.0/com.ibm.mq.ref.dev.doc/q090370_.h tmIBM MQ 9.1.x / IBM MQ / Reference / Developing applications reference / MQI applications reference / Constants / Constants /MQBACF_* (Command format Byte Parameter Types)MQBACF_CONNECTION_ID 7006X'00001B5E'++ Conclusion:Based on the findings from the sub-sections above, we can achieve the full mapping: ApplicationName => MQCACF_APPL_NAME => 3024ConnectionId => MQBACF_CONNECTION_ID => 7006+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Chapter 4: Finding the mapping for QMAXDETH (?) and AVGTIMEONQ (?)++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Question: How about with another example, such as QMAXDETH and AVGTIMEONQOK, the previous pages show the process for the identifiers/integers used in the example in the online manual.Now, let’s repeat the p rocess for these queue statistics fields:QMAXDETH and AVGTIMEONQStep 1-b: Visit “Queue statistics message data” and get the “Identifier” values.https:///support/knowledgecenter/SSFKSJ_9.1.0/com.ibm.mq.mon.doc/q037490_.htm IBM MQ 9.1.x / IBM MQ / Monitoring and performance / Monitoring your IBM MQ network / Accounting and statistics messages / Accounting and statistics message reference / Queue statistics message data.The following is an excerpt for the stanzas for the fields QMaxDepth and AvgTimeOnQ.The information that we are looking for is the attribute: Identifier+ begin excerptQMaxDepthDescription: The maximum queue depth during the monitoring periodIdentifier: MQIAMO_Q_MAX_DEPTHData type: MQCFINIncluded in PCF group: QStatisticsDataReturned: When availableAvgTimeOnQDescription: The average latency, in microseconds, of messages destructivelyretrieved from the queue during the monitoring period. This parameter is an integer list indexed by persistence value.Identifier: MQIAMO64_AVG_Q_TIMEData type: MQCFIL64Included in PCF group: QStatisticsDataReturned: When available+ end excerptSo far, we have this partial mapping:QMaxDepth => MQIAMO_Q_MAX_DEPTHAvgTimeOnQ => MQIAMO64_AVG_Q_TIMEStep 2: In the online Knowledge Center search for the Identifiers obtained from Step 1. Step 2-c:https:///support/knowledgecenter/SSFKSJ_9.1.0/com.ibm.mq.ref.dev.doc/q091620_.h tmIBM MQ 9.1.x / IBM MQ / Reference / Developing applications reference / MQI applications reference / Constants / Constants /MQIAMO_* (Command format Integer Monitoring Parameter Types)MQIAMO_Q_MAX_DEPTH 739X'000002E3'Step 2-d:https:///support/knowledgecenter/SSFKSJ_9.1.0/com.ibm.mq.ref.dev.doc/q091630_.h tmIBM MQ 9.1.x / IBM MQ / Reference / Developing applications reference / MQI applications reference / Constants / Constants /MQIAMO64_* (Command format 64-bit Integer Monitoring Parameter Types)MQIAMO64_AVG_Q_TIME 703X'000002BF'++ Conclusion:Based on the findings from the sub-sections above, we can achieve the full mapping: QMaxDepth => MQIAMO_Q_MAX_DEPTH => 739AvgTimeOnQ => MQIAMO64_AVG_Q_TIME => 703+++ Real example using the integers 739 and 703C:\> amqsmon -m QM905 -t statistics -b -l 739,703MonitoringType: QueueStatisticsQueueStatistics: 0QMaxDepth: 8AverageQueueTime: [0, 0]QueueStatistics: 1QMaxDepth: 48AverageQueueTime: [0, 0]MonitoringType: QueueStatisticsQueueStatistics: 0QMaxDepth: 84AverageQueueTime: [0, 0]QueueStatistics: 1QMaxDepth: 2AverageQueueTime: [128, 0]+++ end。
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遵守管理者的安排英语作文
遵守管理者的安排英语作文In any organized setting, whether it's a school, a corporation, or a non-profit organization, the role of management is pivotal to the smooth functioning of the entity. Management is responsible for creating an environment where everyone can work effectively and towards common goals. As a member of such an organization, it is crucial to respect and follow the arrangements made by the management. This essaywill explore the importance of adhering to management's directives and the benefits it brings to both the individual and the organization as a whole.Firstly, compliance with management's decisions fosters a sense of unity and cooperation among team members. When everyone is on the same page, it streamlines the workflow and reduces the potential for conflicts. It also demonstrates a commitment to the organization's values and goals, which can be a source of pride and motivation for employees.Secondly, following the management's lead ensures that tasks are completed efficiently and effectively. Management, due to its oversight role, often has a broader perspective on the project or operation at hand. They can prioritize tasks and allocate resources in a way that maximizes productivity and achieves the desired outcomes.Moreover, respecting management's arrangements can lead to personal growth and development. When individuals embrace thedecisions made by their superiors, they open themselves up to learning new skills and gaining valuable experience. This can be particularly beneficial for those early in their careers,as it can help them develop a strong work ethic and a deep understanding of the industry.However, it's also important to note that blind obedience is not always the best approach. Employees should feel empowered to voice their concerns or suggestions if they believe thereis a better way to achieve a goal. Open communicationchannels and a culture that encourages feedback can lead to more innovative solutions and a more dynamic work environment.In conclusion, adhering to the arrangements of management isa fundamental aspect of being a responsible and effective member of an organization. It promotes teamwork, efficiency, and personal growth. At the same time, it's essential for management to be open to feedback and to create anenvironment where employees feel comfortable expressing their ideas. This balance is key to the success and sustainabilityof any organization.。
KSZ8842-16MQL MVL 2-Port 交换机和通用总线接口应用注释132：语音、视频和数
Application Note 132Voice Video and Data Communications using a2-Port Switch and Generic Bus InterfaceKSZ8842-16MQL/MVLIntroductionThe IP-Telephony market is booming, due to the ease of use of the technology and the low cost it promises consumers for making voice and video calls using the technology. Conveniently, it runs on the ever popular Ethernet LAN technology, which currently supports over 95 percent of all companies’ networks, and works like computer data on the LAN. Using VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol), voice signals can be packetized like computer data packets and transmitted worldwide over the Internet. This is why VoIP is a win-win solution for everyone.Packet-switched VoIP converts voice signals into packets and each VoIP packet includes both the sender’s/receiver’s network addresses. The VoIP packets can traverse any IP network and choose alternate paths because the destination address is included in the packet, so the VoIP is flexible, interoperable and portable.IP telephone has a NID (Network Interface Device) built into it just like a computer must have a NIC (Network Interface Card) inside of it to connect to the LAN. The NID is the single most important component for VoIP applications and LAN connections because it provides its physical address on the LAN.Micrel’s KSZ8842-16MQL, a network interface device, is the industry’s first 2-port Ethernet Layer-2 Managed switch and 8/16 bit generic host bus interface as well as:A KSZ8842-32MQL, 32-bit Generic Bus (synchronous or asynchronous) for different host processor interfaces1K Dynamic and 8 Static MAC addresses, 16 VLAN entries and 34 MIB Counters per portSupports programmable rate limiting on the ingress/egress ports and 4 priority queuesDynamic Packet Memory scheme which fully utilizes 8KB buffer memory in 4B incrementsLinkMD cable diagnostic capabilities. Determines distance to fault and also cable length measurementPrevents congestion in the switch with a MAC filtering function to filter or forward unknown unicast packets (useful for VoIP applications)HP Auto-MDIX crossover with disable and enable optionSeparate Link and Activity pins on all portsAlternative LQFP packaging available in the KSZ8842-16MVL and -32MVL devicesFigure 1 below shows a system level block diagram of the KSZ8842-16M being used in a VoIP application.To/FrSwitchIP PhoneFigure 1: KSZ8842-16MQL Embedded Two-port Ethernet Switch for VoIP ApplicationsA detailed VoIP phone block diagram is shown in Figure 2 below. The KSZ8842M is designed to handle voice, video and data packets between the LAN connection and Host CPU interface. The following sections focus on how to connect the KSZ8842-16MQL 16-bit generic bus interface to a DSP Host processor.LAN-Port1LAN-Port2Figure 2: VoIP Phone system level Block DiagramGeneral Description the Bus Interface between KSZ8842-16M and ProcessorThe KSZ8842-16MQL/MVL is 2-Port Ethernet Switch with non-PCI interface, and is designed to connect to an 8 or 16-bit bus interface. This application note provides a basic overview of system level signal connections based on 8 or 16-bit bus interfaces, in combination with or without EEPROM.The KSZ8842-16MQL/MVL supports two transfer modes in the BIU (Bus Interface Unit):Asynchronous modeSynchronous modeBoth asynchronous and synchronous signals are independent of each other.In order to handshake in the different bus interfaces (ISA-like, EISA-like or VLBus-like), the following sections will describe all bus interface signal connections using these two transfer modes.8 or 16-Bit Bus Interface Signal Connections for the KSZ8842-16MQL/MVL8 or 16-Bit Asynchronous Bus Interface ModeIn the asynchronous bus interface mode, the KSZ8842-16MQL/MVL host bus read/write operation is as an 8 or 16-bit peripheral. All signals are listed in Table 1 and connections are shown in Figures 3, 4, and 5 respectively for 8-bit configurations, and in Figures 6, and 7 for 16-bit operations. The timing waveform is shown in Figure 8.Table 1: KSZ8842-16MQL/MVL Bus Interface Signals for 8 or 16-Bit Asynchronous ModeAsynchronousSignal TypeADSN = 0 (ISA-like) Using ADSN (EISA-like) A[15:1] IAddress AddressD[15:0] I/O Data (8 or 16-bit) Data (8 or 16-bit)AEN I Address Enable (active low) Address Enable (active low)BE1N,BE0N I Byte Enable (active low) Byte Enable (active low)ADSN I Always enabled Address Strobe (Tied low) Address Strobe is used to latch A[15:1], AEN,BE1N/BE0N LDEVN O Local Device (asserted low when right address decoded) Local Device (asserted low when right address decoded)INTRN O Interrupt (asserted low when interrupt status bit set) Interrupt (asserted low when interrupt status bit set)RDN I Asynchronous Read (active low) Asynchronous Read (active low)WRN I Asynchronous Write (active low) Asynchronous Write (active low)ARDY O Asynchronous Ready (active high) Asynchronous Ready (active high)VLBUSN I Tied high for non-VLBus Tied high for non-VLBusCYCLEN I Not used (Tied high) Not used (Tied high)SWR I Not used (Tied high) Not used (Tied high)RDYRTNN I Not used (Tied high) Not used (Tied high)BCLK I Not used (Tied low) Not used (Tied low)SRDYN O Not used (No connect) Not used (No connect)Note: These signals BE3N, BE2N, DATACSN are not available (No Connect) in KSZ8842-16MQL/MVL deviceFigure 3: 8-Bit Asynchronous ISA-like Bus Connections with A[3:1]Figure 4: 8-Bit Asynchronous ISA-like Bus Connections with A[15:1]Figure 5: 8-Bit Asynchronous ISA-like Bus Connections with EEPROMFigure 6: 16-Bit Asynchronous ISA-like Bus Connections without EEPROMFigure 7: 16-Bit Asynchronous ISA-like Bus Connections with EEPROMAddr, AEN, BExNADSN Read Data RDN, WRN Write Data ARDY (Read Cycle) ARDY ( W rite Cycle)Figure 8: Asynchronous Read & Write Cycles Timing Waveform – ADSN = 0Symbol Parameter Min Typ Max Unitt1 A1-A15, AEN, BExN[3:0] valid to RDN, WRN active 2 ns1 nst2 A1-A15, AEN, BExN[3:0] hold after RDN, WRNinactive (assume ADSN tied Low)t3 Read data valid to ARDY rising 0.8 nst4 Read data to hold RDN inactive 4 nst5 Write data setup to WRN inactive 4 nst6 Write data hold after WRN inactive 2 nst7 Read active to ARDY Low 8 nst8 Write inactive to ARDY Low 8 ns0 110 nst9 ARDY low (wait time) in read cycle (Note1)(It is 0ns to read bank select register)(It is 110ns to read QMU data register)0 85 nst10 ARDY low (wait time) in write cycle (Note1)(It is 0ns to write bank select register)(It is 85ns to write QMU data register)Note1: When CPU finished current Read or Write operation, it can do next Read or Write operation even theARDY is low. During Read or Write operation if the ADRY is low, the CPU has to keep the RDN/WRN low until theARDY returns to high.16-Bit Synchronous Bus Interface ModeIn the synchronous bus interface mode, the KSZ8842-16MQL/MVL host bus read/write operation is as a 16-bit peripheral. All signals are listed in the Table 2 and connections are shown in Figures 9 and 10. The timing waveform is shown in Figures 11 and 12.Table 2: KSZ8842-16MQL/MVL Bus Interface Signals for 16-Bit Synchronous ModeSynchronousSignal TypeVLBUSN = 0 (VLBus-like)AddressA[15:1] ID[15:0] I/O Data (8 or 16-bit)AEN I Address Enable (active low)BE1N, BE0N I Byte Enable (active low)ADSN I Address Strobe is used to latch A[15:1], AEN,BE1N/BE0NLDEVN O Local Device (asserted low when right address decoded)INTRN O Interrupt (asserted low when interrupt status bit set)RDN I Not used (Tied high)WRN I Not used (Tied high)NotusedARDY OVLBUSN I Tied low for VLBus-like cycleCYCLEN I CYCLEN is used to sample SWR when it is assertedSWR I Synchronous write cycles when high and read cycles when lowRDYRTNN I Ready Return is used by the Host to indicate the end of Read or Write in VLBus-like cycleBCLK I Bus Clock is used for Synchronous transferSRDYN O Synchronous Ready is used to indicate that data is ready to Read/WriteFigure 9: 16-Bit Synchronous VLBUS-like Bus Connections without EEPROMFigure 10: 16-Bit Synchronous VLBUS-like Bus Connections with EEPROMFigure 11: Synchronous Write Cycle Timing Waveform – VLBUS = 0Symbol Parameter Min Typ Max Unit t1 A1-A15, AEN, BExN[3:0] setup to ADSN rising 4 nst2 A1-A15, AEN, BExN[3:0] hold after ADSN rising 2 nst3 CYCLEN setup to BCLK rising 4 nst4 CYCLEN hold after BCLK rising (non-burst mode) 2 nst5 SWR setup to BCLK 4 nst6 SWR hold after BCLK rising with SRDYN active 0 nst7 Write data setup to BCLK rising 5 nst8 Write data hold from BCLK rising 1 nst9 SRDYN setup to BCLK 8 nst10 SRDYN hold to BCLK 1 nst11 RDYRTNN setup to BCLK 4 nst12 RDYRTNN hold to BCLK 1 nsBCLKAddress, AEN, BExNADSNSWRCYCLENRead DataSRDYNRDYRTNNFigure 12: Synchronous Read Cycle Timing Waveform – VLBUS = 0Symbol Parameter Min Typ Max Unit t1 A1-A15, AEN, BExN[3:0] setup to ADSN rising 4 ns t2 A1-A15, AEN, BExN[3:0] hold after ADSN rising 2 ns t3 CYCLEN setup to BCLK rising 4 ns t4 CYCLEN hold after BCLK rising (non-burst mode) 2 ns t5 SWR setup to BCLK 4 ns t6 Read data hold from BCLK rising 1 ns t7 Read data setup to BCLK 8 ns t8 SRDYN setup to BCLK 8 ns t9 SRDYN hold to BCLK 1 ns t10 RDYRTNN setup to BCLK rising 4 ns t11 RDYRTNN hold after BCLK rising 1 nsMicrel Confidential KS8842-16MQL/MVL AN 132ConclusionBy using this Application Note, customers are able to design a VoIP phone system with the KSZ8842-16MQL/MVL to easily connect to their FPGAs or processors as well as any other application requiring a two-port switch and generic bus interface for Embedded and Industrial Ethernet applications.In addition, Micrel provides the flexibility of offering a single port KSZ8841-16MQL/MVL MAC/PHY plus generic bus interface part that is 100% footprint compatible for single port applications. This provides engineers with the flexibility to design two products using a single print circuit board and software driver, thereby saving time, money and efforts in the development cycle.All of the development collateral including data sheet, schematics, gerber file, IBIS module and software driver can be downloaded from Micrel website. Evaluation boards and user’s guide are also available.MICREL, INC. 1849 FORTUNE DRIVE SAN JOSE, CA 95131 USATEL +1 (408) 944-0800 FAX +1 (408) 474-1000 WEB http:/The information furnished by Micrel in this data sheet is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Micrel for its use.Micrel reserves the right to change circuitry and specifications at any time without notification to the customer.Micrel Products are not designed or authorized for use as components in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfunction of a product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems that (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. A Purchaser’s use or sale of Micrel Products for use in life support appliances, devices or systems is a Purchaser’s own risk and Purchaser agrees to fully indemnifyMicrel for any damages resulting from such use or sale.© 2005 Micrel, Incorporated.December 2005 11 Rev. 1.0。
如何管理团队 英语作文 方便背诵的
如何管理团队英语作文方便背诵的（中英文实用版）Title: How to Manage a TeamManaging a team is no easy task, it requires a blend of leadership, communication, and strategic thinking.Firstly, establish clear goals and ensure they are understood by every team member.It"s crucial to communicate effectively, fostering an environment where open dialogue is encouraged.管理团队并非易事，这需要领导力、沟通能力和战略思维的有机结合。
首先，要设定明确的团队目标，并确保每位成员都能理解。
有效沟通至关重要，应营造一个鼓励开放对话的环境。
ext, delegate tasks wisely, taking into account individual strengths and weaknesses.Empower your team members, trust them to make decisions, and provide support when needed.Remember, a motivated team is a productive team.其次，要明智地分配任务，考虑到每个人的优势和不足。
赋予团队成员权力，相信他们能做出决策，并在需要时提供支持。
记住，一个有动力的团队是高效的团队。
Conflict is inevitable, but it"s how you handle it that makes the difference.Address issues promptly and fairly, mediating between parties to reach a resolution.Encourage teamwork and collaboration, as these are the cornerstones of a successful team.冲突在所难免，但关键在于你如何处理。
2024版新教材高考英语复习特训卷期中检测卷二
期中检测卷(二)第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
AEnjoy amazing 360degree views over London from the London Eye, a rotating (旋转的) observation wheel which is 135 meters high. Spot some of the capital's most famous landmarks, including Big Ben, the Houses of Parliament and Buckingham Palace.How long does it take to go round the London Eye?The gradual rotation in one of the 32 hightech glass cap sules takes approximately 30 minutes and gives you an everchanging view of London. You can skip most of the queues with a fasttrack ticket.Where is the London Eye and how do I get there?The London Eye is located on the South Bank of the River Thames. The nearest tube station is Waterloo, but Charing Cross, Westminster and Embankment are also a short walk away. Several bus routes stop near the London Eye.How to book London Eye tickets?Tickets to the London Eye must be prebooked on the Internet within the prescribed time limit.PricesChild ticket: From ￡23.00 per ticket.Adult ticket: From ￡28.00 per ticket.Children under three years old enter free.Opening hoursThe London Eye opening time varies throughout the year. Typically the attraction opens at 10 a．m. and closes between 6 p．m. and 8：30 p．m. Make sure you check it before your visit to get the best experience.Important informationWe encourage you to arrive at the attraction as early as possible, in order to allow more time for security checks. Please note items that CAN and CANNOT said on board.1．What do we know about the London Eye?A．It has fixed opening hours. B．No queuing is needed to take it.C．A ride on it takes about half an hour. D．It lies some distance away from Waterloo.2．What is a must to pay a visit to the London Eye?A．Booking tickets online in advance. B．Taking no items on board.C．Being accompanied by an adult. D．Arriving at the attraction ahead.3．How much should a couple with their son aged 5 and daughter aged 2 pay to visit the London Eye?A．At least ￡56. B．At least ￡74.C．At least ￡79. D．At least ￡102.BHow does a brilliant teacher get that way? The question of how they developed has as many answers as there are inspired instructors. One example is an original and charming woman who has become one of the best ever at taking disadvantaged students to a new level.Jackson was born in Altoona. Her father was a construction worker. When she was in the eighth grade, her father died. Her principal, Mrs. Brown, said not to worry about schoolwork for a while. That upset her. Her father would not have wanted her to do anything but her best. He always said, “Don't let your first failure be the reason for your next.”Jackson was an accomplished shooting guard in basketball and a star sprinter on the track team, running the quartermile in 57 seconds. She thought she might become a sports broadcaster. She gave no thought to teaching until a friend took her to an introduction to a program, which placed novice instructors in schools full of lowincome children. Jackson liked the idea of giving back, as well as the chance to have some of her student loans forgiven.She is a big sports person, and that is how she connects with lots of kids. She couldn't motivate children until she knew what was bothering or pleasing them. “Students learn from people who love them，” she said. “They will be motivated and inspired to learn if they know deep down that you care about them.” In class she gave basketball tickets to students who were doing their work. At weekly drawings they could win sticky notes, pencils or other small prizes.She helped create afterschool clubs. A tall student said to her, “I'm a baller.I heard you play ball.” There was a basketball league in Paterson, but the s chool didn't have a team. Jackson started one with support from local business executives. The student, Essence Carson, went to Rutgers University, was a firstround draft (运动员选拔制) selection for the WNBA's New York Liberty and now plays for the Connecticut Sun.4．Why did Mrs. Brown's words upset Jackson?A．Her father just passed away. B．She was taught to do her best.C．Her first failure led to another one. D．She was concerned about her grades.5．What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?A．The way Jackson turned teacher. B．The dream job Jackson desired.C．The student loans Jackson owed. D．The athletics Jackson did well in.6．why did Jackson give small prizes to her students in class?A．To connect with them. B．To please or bother them.C．To encourage them to learn. D．To show her love to them.7．What can we infer from the last paragraph?A．Jackson founded a school team in Paterson alone.B．Jackson played in the basketball league in Paterson.C．Jackson selected Essence to play for WNBA's New York Liberty.D．Jackson should take some credit for Essence's professional career.CRussell Warne has spent many hours examining college psychology textbooks. As a professor of psychology at Utah Valley University, he wasn't looking for insight, but for mistakes—and he found plenty. Some of the worst concerned IQ tests.“Themost common inaccuracy I found, by far, was the claim that intelligence tests are biased__against certain groups，” he says. Yet intelligence researchers are at pains to ensure that IQ tests ar e fair and not culturally biased.“Another very common one was the idea that intelligence is difficult to measure.”No wonder IQ tests often cause disagreements. But that simply isn't the case.“Despite the criticism, the intelligence test is one of the mo st reliable tests ever invented，” says Rex Jung at the University of New Mexico. Nevertheless, you shouldn't trust the kind of 10minute test that might pop up in your social media feed.A comprehensive IQ test takes over an hour and is ideally administered by a professional examiner. It is designed to assess precisely those cognitive (认知的) skills that constitute intelligence, so it consists of a series of subtests that cover reasoning, mental processing speed, spatial (空间的) ability and more. Shorter IQ tests, assessing fewer of these skills, can still provide a general indication of someone's mental abilities, however, because of the nature of intelligence, it means that someone who scores highly on one type of cognitive test will also do comparatively well on others.However, particular applications of IQ tests have faced a thorough inspection.A common criticism of using them to select job applicants is that they only measure certain cognitive skills. They don't scientifically measure creativity, for instance. Neither do they measure personality, which tends to make for reliable and hardworking employees—or ability to get on with other people. However, it is rare for examiners to test IQ independently: candidates might be given a personality test too a nd a practical exercise to assess jobrelated skills. They usually also have to name several professionals to judge.8．What does the underlined words “biased against” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A．Unfamiliar to. B．Irrelevant to.C．Unfavorable for. D．Irresponsible for.9．What does Rex Jung think of the intelligence tests?A．They are inaccurate. B．They are trustworthy.C．They are properly used. D．They are precisely designed.10．What can we infer about IQ tests in the last paragraph?A．They are rarely accepted. B．They are heavily criticized.C．They may still be employed. D．They can motivate creativity.11．What can be the best title of the passage?A．Do IQ tests really work? B．Applications of IQ tests.C．Misinformation in textbooks. D．Can IQ tests shape personality?DScientists say they've developed a system using machine for learning to predict when and where lightning will strike. The research was led by engineers from the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne in Lausanne, Switz erland.European researchers have estimated that between 6，000 and 24，000 people are killed by lightning worldwide each year. The strikes can also cause power outages, destroy property, damage electrical equipment and start forest fires. For these reasons, climate scientists have long sought to develop methods to predict and control lightning. In the United States and other places, groundbased sensing devices are used to identify strikes as they happen. But, no system has been created to effectively predict lightning.The system tested in the experiments used a combination of data from weather stations and machine learning methods. The researchers developed a prediction model that was trained to recognize weather conditions that were likely to cause lightning.The model was created with data collected over a 12year period from 12 Swiss weather stations in cities and mountain areas. The data related to four main surface conditions: air pressure, air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed.The atmospheric data was placed into a machine learning algorithm (算法), which compared it to records of lightning strikes. Researchers say the algorithm was then able to learn the conditions under which lightning happens.Amirhossein Mostajabi is a PhD student at the institute who led the developmentof the method. He said，“Current systems for gathering such data are slow and complex and require costly collection equipment like radar or satellites.”“Our method uses data that can be obtained from any weather stati on，” Mostajabi said.“This will improve data collection in very remote areas not covered by radar and satellites or in places where communication systems have been cut，” he added.The researchers plan to keep developing the technology in partnership with a European effort that aims to create a lightning protection system. The effort is called the European Laser Lightning Rod Project.12．Why have climate scientists tried to predict and control lightning?A．To collect relative data.B．To reduce the destruction lightning has been causing.C．To create a scientific system.D．To do research in relation to machine learning.13．The four mentioned surface conditions include all of the following EXCEPT ________．A．air pollution B．wind speedC．relative humidity D．air temperature14．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to?A．Lightning. B．The system being tested.C．The atmospheric data. D．The machine learning algorithm.15．What can we learn about Mostajabi from the passage?A．He developed the method and the system by himself.B．He thinks the current systems are too slow and simple.C．He is a professor at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology.D．He believes their system does much better in data collection.第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
2021国开大学电大本科《管理英语3》期末试题及答案(试卷号：1377)
国家开放大学电大本科《管理英语3》期末试题及答案〔试卷号:1377〕2022盗传必究一、交际用语(共计m分,毒小通2分)1-5聘:选择正蜘的堰句完成下面对话,并将答案庠号E在答题给上。
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2024学年湖北省武汉市武昌区中考英语适应性模拟试题含答案
2024学年湖北省武汉市武昌区中考英语适应性模拟试题含答案注意事项1．考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回．2．答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用0．5毫米黑色墨水的签字笔填写在试卷及答题卡的规定位置．3．请认真核对监考员在答题卡上所粘贴的条形码上的姓名、准考证号与本人是否相符．4．作答选择题，必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应选项的方框涂满、涂黑；如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案．作答非选择题，必须用05毫米黑色墨水的签字笔在答题卡上的指定位置作答，在其他位置作答一律无效．5．如需作图，须用2B铅笔绘、写清楚，线条、符号等须加黑、加粗．Ⅰ. 单项选择1、－Buddy, you haven’t been acting like yourself. What’s up?－___________.A．I’m fine. Thanks B．Well done C．That’s good D．Never mind2、---I don’t know _______. Can you help me? ---I think you should calm down and read texts.A．how to do B．what to do it C．what to do D．when to do3、—Mike, can you play soccer with us on Saturday afternoon?—, but I promised to fly kites with Jack.A．Sure B．Yes, I can C．I’d love to D．No problem4、You can the hotel on the Internet if you go out to travel.A．name B．book C．park D．buy5、—Do you like tennis?—Yes, I do. It’s my favorite __________.A．food B．fruit C．color D．sport6、Alice and her sister ______ storybooks every evening.A．read B．are reading C．will read D．have read7、I like friends who have the same hobby as me ________ we can communicate better with each other.A．so that B．in order to C．according to8、Aunt Judy ________ eats out with her friends, about once or twice a week.A．always B．sometimes C．hardly ever D．never9、— Peter, what will you do next Sunday?— We ______ our grandparents.A．visit B．visited C．is visiting D．will visit10、Sir, I know you’ve already slowed down. But could you please _______? I'm not feeling well now.A．to drive slowlier B．drive more slowlyC．to drive more slowly D．drive slowlierⅡ. 完形填空11、A king once had a fantastic diamond. He thought it was the best jewel(珠宝) in the world. One morning the kingawoke and took out his jewel to enjoy 1 it as usual. But to his surprise, there was a single thin crack(裂缝) down its face.The greatest jewelers were called to look at the stone in the 2 of fixing it. But nothing could be done. The crack ran so 3 down the face of the diamond that any effort to remove it would further destroy it.Finally, one jeweler stepped forward and said he could save the diamond. And the king agreed that the jeweler could 4 a single night with the diamond. If he was able to fix it, then he would get great reward. If, however, he did not succeed, 5 worse was waiting for him.Locked in his room, the jeweler took a long look at the stone. It was truly great, and the crack, however thin, could not be removed 6 destroying the jewel. What could be done?The next 7 , the jeweler came out with the stone in hand. Everybody was 8 by what they saw. The crack had not been removed. It remained in its place. The jeweler had instead etched(刻) a rose, the 9 of the kingdom, on the face of the diamond, turning the crack into its stem(茎).The king stood up with tears in his two eyes. “Now, I truly have my crown jewel!” he said, “The diamond wasn’t perfect until now, but it was the 10 I have ever seen. It was, however, no different than any other stone. Now, though, I have a truly unique(独一无二的) treasure!”1．A．looking B．finding C．seeing D．watching2．A．hope B．care C．permission D．notice3．A．hardly B．quickly C．deeply D．widely4．A．wait B．watch C．sleep D．spend5．A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything6．A．with B．without C．into D．except7．A．morning B．night C．evening D．afternoon8．A．annoyed B．shocked C．pleased D．disappointed9．A．symbol B．picture C．sign D．slogan10．A．worst B．best C．hardest D．oldesⅢ. 语法填空12、阅读下面的材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不超过3个单词）Good and bad manners make up the social rules of a country. They are not always easy to learn because they’re often not written in books. Let’s have a1．at some social rules in Britain.In the past, British women di dn’t go to pubs(酒吧) because it 2．(consider) bad behavior for a woman. But as time goes by, 3．women and men can drink freely in pubs now.Visitors to Britain often see British people wait in queues(行列) in public places, like the bus stop. It is considered impolite to get on a 4．without waiting your turn in the queue. Queuing is a national habit in Britain and it’s considered good manners to wait your turn.In some countries, it’s considered bad manners to eat on the street. 5．, in Britain, it’s common for you to see people having a snack ahead 6．you on the street.British people used 7．(be) surprised to see young children weren’t usually taken out to restaurant late at night. And if they 8．(make) a noise in a restaurant, it was regarded as impolite behavior. Nowadays, children are playing a more active role and they 9．(accept) in many pubs and restaurants.Recently, many British companies have banned smoking in the offices and canteens. Smoking is a also banned on the London. Underground, in cinemas and on most buses. If someone breaks the rule, he/she 10．(pay) for it. In general, it’s becoming less acceptable to smoke in a public place than before. Social rules are an important part of every country. The British have an expression for following these “unwritten rules”: When in Rome, do as Romans do.Ⅳ. 阅读理解A13、A Mystery (神秘的) ArtistThe first time I saw Suzy Khan, I knew I had to help her. All I knew was that she was an orphan, who had no parents, from Africa. She had just been adopted (收养) by a family, and they thought that the best way for her to learn American ways of life is to be with American kids.Suzy was really small for her age of 12. The boys in my class often laughed at her. She would open a book, pretending to read, with tears dropping on the open page. I looked down at this small girl and promised myself that I must help her. But how could I help her fit in with us? There had to be a way.One day, when I went into the classroom, I saw that Suzy had opened her geography book to a picture of a train, and in her notebook, she had made a perfect copy.I was surprised and thought that she could do something in the coming talent show. So, I took her to see the art teacher, Miss Parker, and showed her what Suzy had drawn. “Why, it’s wonderful,” sa id Miss Parker, and then showed us a poster she had painted for the talent show. “I need more of these, but I just don’t have enough time. Could you help me, Suzy?”On the day of the talent show, Suzy’s posters were everywhere — all over the hall and all over the school, each one different.“And finally,” said Mr. Brown, the schoolmaster, at the end of the show, “We have a special award. I’m sure you’ve all noticed the wonderful posters.” Everyone nodded. “One of our own students painted them.”I could hear everyone whispering. “Who in our school could draw that well?”Mr. Brown waited for a while before saying, “Since this student worked so hard on the posters, she deserves a prize, too. Our mystery artist is our new student —Suzy Khan!”Mr. Brown thanked her for all the wonderful posters and gave her a professional artist’s set. “Thank you,” she cried.I realized, at that time when I was looking at her excited face, she had probably never owned anything in her whole life. Everyone started to clap their hands. Suzy Khan gave them a shy smile. I knew then Suzy was going to be all right. 1．The writer wanted to help Suzy became ______.A．Suzy was laughed at by the boys in her classB．Suzy couldn’t answer the teacher’s questionC．Suzy was really small for her age of twelveD．Suzy was adopted by the writer at that time2．Suzy Khan was in ______ when she met the writer.A．Africa B．Japan C．America D．London3．Miss Parker asked Suzy Khan to draw more pictures for her, because ______.A．she was lazyB．she had no timeC．she couldn’t draw wellD．she didn’t like drawing4．According to the passage, we can infer that ______.A．a mystery artist helped Suzy win the prize finallyB．at first everyone knew that Suzy could draw wellC．the writer thought Suzy wouldn’t own anythingD．Suzy would be more confident than beforeB14、Located in the east of Shenzhen, Dapeng New Area was once a coral paradise. However, coral coverage has dropped dramatically over the past 30 years.In November 2013, a group of divers launched a charity event called “Dive for Love” in Dapeng New Area. Sharing a common interest, these like-minded people would dive into the sea to plant corals and share their love for ocean life. I am one of them. For years, I have not only been engaged in coral reef conservative, but also give regular lectures at primary and secondary schools to popularize ocean knowledge and teach students how to protect the ocean. We believe these lectures can help spread the love for ocean life.In addition to planting coral and breeding broken coral branches, I dive with my friends to take rubbish out of thesea every month. Fishing nets are the most troublesome. I once got entangled in a fishing net while bringing it up, and it almost killed me.We usually clean the sea once a month, and the coral nursery is cleaned every 10 days. Apart from the undersea rubbish, there is also rubbish on the beaches. We can gather a lot of rubbish, such as straws, bottles, nappies, disposable lunch boxes and so on. It’s all rubbish from our d aily life. I wonder how they bear to litter on such beautiful beaches. We don’t ask that everyone takes away other people’s rubbish, but we hope they will take away their own rubbish.As a mother myself, I often take my child to the seaside and tell him t he story of the “submarine forest”. I can see that my child has a special passion for nature from an early age, so I hope to give him a beautiful and clean ocean environment, so that he can enjoy the beauty of nature. I feel sad when I consider whether my son will ever see these beautiful scenes when he grows up, which is another factor that motivates me to protect the ocean environment. 1．The author did the following things under the sea EXCEPT .A．taking rubbish out of the sea B．planting corals with other diversC．popularizing ocean knowledge D．breeding broken coral branches2．The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refers to .A．getting entangled in a fishing net B．breading a broken coral branchC．gathering undersea rubbish D．diving deep with her friends3．Which of the following can best describe the author?A．A super diver. B．An ocean lover.C．A coral grower. D．A beautiful mother.4．How many times do the group of divers clean the sea in a year?A．10 B．12 C．30 D．365．What can we infer from the passage?A．Coral coverage has increased a little over these years.B．“Dive for Love” is a charity event to give regular lectures.C．Sometimes taking rubbish out of the sea is very dangerous.D．The author protects the ocean environment only for her child.C15、Ancient Egypt was one of the greatest civilizations(文明) in the history of the world. It lasted for over 3000 years from 3150 BC to 30 BC．Looking nice and being clean was very important to the Egyptians. Most men and women wore jewelry(珠宝) of some type. The rich wore jewelry made of gold and silver, while the poorer people used copper. Because it was so hot, mostpeople wore white clothes. Men wore kilts(男士短裙) and women wore a straight dress.Ancient Egypt was a complex society needing people to do many different tasks and jobs. Most of the people were farmers. They grew their crops near the banks of the Nile River where the rich black soil was good for crops. There were different kinds of craftsmen jobs. How skilled a craftsman was would determine his success. Most of the soldiers were footmen. In peacetime, soldiers would help with government projects such as moving stones for a pyramid(金字塔). Scribes were important people in Ancient Egypt as they were the only people who know how to read and write. Scribes came from wealthy families and took years of training to learn the Egyptian hieroglyphics(象形文字).1．（小题1）Paragraph 2 mainly tells us _______.A．where the ancient Egyptians livedB．what the ancient Egyptians woreC．what the ancient Egyptians ateD．what kinds of jobs the ancient Egyptians had2．（小题2）In ancient Egypt, most people wore white clothes because ____.A．the white clothes looked cleanB．they were ordered to wear like thatC．they were too poor to buy colorful clothesD．the weather was very hot then3．（小题3）The people who grew barley to make beer, wheat for bread and vegetables were______.A．farmers B．craftsmen C．soldiers D．scribesD16、Biting could be worryingIT makes our fingers look ugly. It’s dirty. It could hurt a lot. But many people just can’t stop doing it: biting their nails.Up to 45 percent of teenagers in the UK bite their nails, the BBC reported. There are also many famous nail biters, including ex-British Prime Minister Gordon Brown and American singer Britney Spears.Ther e’s nothing wrong with biting nails to keep them tidy. But it could get out of control.Some people bite a nail not because it’s too long, but because they are driving, reading, feeling stressed out, or just have nothing else to do.The same could happen t o skin picking and hair pulling. A normal behavior could become “pathological”(病态的), as experts say.In 2013, the American Psychiatric Association labeled (把……列为) nail biting as an_______________(OCD). People with this disorder may wash their hands too many times or have to line up their shoes in a certain way.These behaviors have a lot in common. OCD is doing something normal and healthy too much, NPR reported.But nail biting is different from other OCD behaviors in at least one way.“In OCD, the behavior is really unwanted,” Carol Mathews, a psychiatrist（精神病医生）at the University of California, San Francisco, told NPR. People with OCD don’t want to wash their hands over and over again. There is no fun in it. They just fear that if they don’t do something, something else that’s very bad will happen to them.But nail biters enjoy it.“It’s rewarding. When you get the right nail, it feels good,” said Mathews.Therefore some people argue that most nail biters are not having a problem as serious as a mental (心理的) disorder. But anyway, it’s still a bad habit. So what can we do to stop it?Since most people bite nails as a way of relieving (缓解) stress, finding another way to relieve that stress could be useful, suggested Rochelle Torgerson, a doctor at the Mayo Clinic in the US. Try playing with your pen instead.Besides, nail biters feel the urge (刺激，冲动) to bite if they find a small imperfect part of the nail, said Mathews. So always keep your nails in good shape.1．What does the phraseobsessive-compulsive disorderin Paragraph 6 mean?A．An activity that people enjoy doing it.B．A kind of behavior that people is really wanted.C．A way of doing something that people does it normal and healthy.D．A mental disorder that people are unable to control the thoughts or the activities.2．How is nail biting different from other OCD behaviors?A．People do it over and over again.B．People do it happily and willingly.C．It does no harm to people’s health.D．It is a physical and mental problem.3．What do doctors suggest people do to stop nail biting?A．Pick skin or pull hair instead.B．Force them to control the urge to bite.C．Keep them busy and forget about nails.D．Find some other ways to release their stress.E17、If you are lost in the mountains, stay calm in the face of darkness, loneliness, and the unknown. It will greatly increase your chances of survival (生存). Many people think that preparing necessary equipment and knowing how to use it are very important, but actually eighty percent of mountain survival is your reaction to fear.Find a hiding placeUnnecessary labor will make you sweat and make you cold. Find a hiding place around you before trying to start your own construction. If you are in a snow-covered area, you may be able to dig a cave in deep snow for protection from the wind. You should try to hide yourself in the middle of the mountain if possible. Stay out of the valleys-cold air falls, and the valley floor can be the coldest area on the mountain.Signal for helpThe best time to signal is during the day. Signal for help from the highest point possible-it will be easier for rescuers to see you, and any sound you make will travel farther. If you take a box of matches and a space blanket (a special blanket for traveling), build three smoky fires and put your blanket-gold side facing out on the ground.Do not walk awayIt will make finding you more difficult, as search teams will be trying to follow your path and may miss you if you have gone off in a different direction. Searchers often end up finding a car with no one in it.If you get frostbite (冻伤), do not rewarm the affected area until you're out of danger.You can walk on frostbitten feet, but once you warm the area and can feel the pain, you will not want to walk anywhere. Try to protect the frostbitten area and keep it dry until you are rescued.1．When lost in the mountains, you can increase your chances of survival if you_____.A．take a space blanket with youB．do more physical laborC．try to find a car immediatelyD．walk as far as possible to find help2．According to the passage, people most probably fail to survive if they _____.A．do not take enough equipmentB．stay in the middle of the mountainC．do not keep themselves warmD．stay in a snow-covered area3．What can we infer from the passage?A．Don't travel by yourself.B．Mountain traveling is dangerous.C．Don't get frightened in danger.D．Avoid going to unfamiliar places.F18、My friend Matt and I arrived at the Activity Centre on Friday evening. The accommodation wasn't wonderful，but we had everything we needed (beds，blankets，food)，and we were pleased to be out of the city and in the fresh air. On Saturday morning we met the other ten members of our group. Cameron had come along with two friends，Kevin and Simon，while sisters Carole and Lynn had come with Amanda. There were some other members I didn't know. We had come from different places and none of us knew the area.We knew we were going to spend the weekend outdoors，but none of us was sure exactly how. Half of us spent the morning caving while the others went rock-climbing and then we changed at lunchtime. Matt and I went to the caves(岩洞) first. Climbing out was harder than going in，but after a good deal of pushing，we were out at last. Though we were covered with mud，we were pleased and excited by what we'd done.根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
REM active queue management
REM: Active Queue Management
Sanjeewa Athuraliya Victor H. Li Steven H. Low Qinghe Yin October 27, 2000
Abstract
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REM is an active queue management scheme that measures congestion not by a performance measure such as loss or delay, but by a quantity we call price. Price is computed by each link distributively using local information and is fed back to the sources through packet dropping or marking. This decoupling of congestion and performance measures allows REM to achieve high utilization with negligible delays and bu er over ow regardless of the number of. sources. We prove that REM is asymptotically stable and compare its performance with RED using simulations.
如何管理团队 英语作文
如何管理团队英语作文Title: The Art of Managing a TeamIn the dynamic and fast-paced world of today, managing a team effectively is paramount to achieving organizational goals and fostering a positive work environment. It's a complex task that requires a blend of leadership skills, interpersonal abilities, and strategic vision. This essay explores the intricacies of team management, highlighting key strategies and principles that contribute to a team's success.Firstly, it is essential to establish clear goals and objectives. A team without a defined direction is like a ship without a rudder, drifting aimlessly. As a manager,it's your responsibility to set clear, measurable, and achievable goals that align with the organization's overall mission. Communicate these goals effectively, ensuring that each team member understands their role in achieving them. Regularly reviewing progress and providing feedback helps keep the team focused and motivated.Secondly, building trust within the team is crucial. Trust is the glue that holds teams together, enabling members to collaborate effectively and overcome challenges. As a manager, demonstrate integrity and consistency in your actions. Be transparent in your communication, admitting mistakes, and sharing relevant information. Encourage open and honest dialogue among team members, fostering a culture of mutual respect and support.Moreover, effective team management involves delegating responsibilities and empowering team members. As a manager, you cannot do everything yourself. Delegating tasks allows you to focus on strategic issues while giving team members an opportunity to grow and develop. Identify each member's strengths and weaknesses, assigning tasks accordingly. Provide guidance and support when needed, but allow team members to take ownership of their work and make decisions independently.Furthermore, it's important to recognize and reward team members' efforts and achievements. Recognition is a powerful motivator that boosts morale and encouragesfurther effort. Acknowledge individual contributions,celebrate successes, and provide incentives or rewards for exceptional performance. This not only recognizes the hard work of individuals but also sets an example for the entire team to follow.Additionally, maintaining positive relationships with team members is essential. As a manager, you are not only a leader but also a member of the team. Cultivate a friendly and inclusive atmosphere by showing genuine interest in your team members' well-being and personal growth. Listen actively to their concerns and suggestions, and be responsive to their needs. Encourage team-buildingactivities that foster camaraderie and strengthen bonds among members.Moreover, continuous learning and improvement are integral to effective team management. As the work environment and team composition evolve, so must your management strategies. Stay updated with the latest management techniques and best practices, and be open to adopting new methods that could enhance team performance. Encourage team members to share their ideas and suggestionsfor improvement, fostering a culture of innovation and continuous improvement.In conclusion, managing a team is a multifaceted task that requires a combination of leadership, communication, delegation, recognition, relationship-building, and continuous learning. By implementing these strategies and principles, you can create a cohesive and productive team that is capable of achieving exceptional results. Remember, as a manager, your role is not just to direct and control but also to inspire, motivate, and support your team members as they work together to achieve common goals.。
如何管理团队 英文作文
如何管理团队英文作文Managing a team is all about communication and collaboration. It's important to establish clear goals and expectations from the beginning, and to make sure everyone is on the same page.One of the key aspects of managing a team is to foster a positive and inclusive work environment. This means creating opportunities for team members to share their ideas and opinions, and to feel like they are valued and respected.As a team leader, it's important to provide regular feedback and support to your team members. This can help them to feel motivated and engaged, and can also help to address any issues or concerns before they become bigger problems.Building trust and rapport with your team is essential for effective team management. This means being open andhonest with your team members, and being willing to listen to their feedback and concerns.It's also important to recognize and celebrate the achievements of your team members. This can help to boost morale and motivation, and can also help to build a sense of camaraderie and teamwork within the group.Finally, it's important to be adaptable and flexible as a team leader. This means being open to new ideas and approaches, and being willing to make changes or adjustments as needed in order to support the success of your team.。
linux nvme参数
linux nvme参数NVMe (Non-Volatile Memory Express) is a technology designed specifically for accessing and managing solid-state drives (SSDs). It provides a high-performance and low-latency interface for storage devices, allowing for faster data transfer and improved overall system performance. In this article, we will discuss the various NVMe parameters in Linux and how they can be optimized to maximize the potential of NVMe storage devices.1. Queue Depth:The queue depth determines the number of outstanding commands that the NVMe controller can handle simultaneously. Increasing the queue depth can enhance performance, especially when dealing with I/O-intensive workloads. By default, the queue depth is set to 32. However, modern NVMe devices offer a much higher queue depth limit, usually up to 1024. To modify the queue depth, you can use the 'nvme set-feature' command and restart the system for the changes to take effect.2. Write Atomicity:Write atomicity is a feature that ensures that a write operation is either fully completed or not completed at all by the NVMe device. Enabling write atomicity provides data reliability, especially in situations where power loss or system failure occurs during a write operation. To enable write atomicity, set the 'write_atomicity' flag in the 'nvme_core' module. However, it is important to note that enabling write atomicity may slightly impact write performance.3. I/O Submission and Completion Queues:The number of I/O submission and completion queues determines the parallelism of I/O operations that the NVMe driver can handle. Modern NVMe devices support multiple sets of queues, and increasing the number of queues can enhance performance for certain workloads. The number of queues can be configured using the 'queue_count' parameter in the 'nvme_core' module.4. Read/Write Ahead:Read and write ahead are techniques used to optimize disk access patterns. By reading or writing data ahead of time, the NVMe device can improve performance by reducing the latency caused by seeking data on the storage medium. The read-ahead and write-ahead settings can be adjusted using the 'nr_requests' parameter in the 'nvme_core' module.5. Power Management:Power management is an important aspect when it comes to NVMe storage devices. By default, most NVMe devices are configured to operate in the maximum performance mode. However, if power efficiency is a priority, you can consider enabling certain power-saving features. These features include Autonomous Power State Transition (APST), Link Power Management (LPM), and Host Power Management (HPM). The specific parameters to enable these features can vary depending on the NVMe device and the Linux distribution being used.6. Error Handling:NVMe devices include sophisticated error handling mechanisms to ensure data integrity and protect against data loss. Linux provides various error handling policies that can be configured for NVMe devices. These policies include error recovery, error reporting, and error detection. It is recommended to review the default error handling policies and adjust them based on specific requirements if needed.In conclusion, optimizing NVMe parameters in Linux can greatly enhance the performance and reliability of NVMe storage devices. By fine-tuning parameters such as queue depth, write atomicity, I/O submission and completion queues, read/write ahead, power management, and error handling, you can harness the full potential of NVMe technology. Experimenting and understanding the impact of these parameters on your specific workload is crucial for achieving the best performance and stability when using NVMe devices in a Linux environment.。
在途管理英语作文
在途管理英语作文In the realm of business and logistics, "en route management" refers to the oversight and control of goods or services while they are in transit from one location to another. This concept is crucial for ensuring the timely and securedelivery of products, and it has a significant impact on customer satisfaction and operational efficiency.The Importance of En Route ManagementEffective en route management is essential for several reasons. Firstly, it helps in tracking the location of goods in real-time, which is vital for scheduling and planning. Secondly, it allows businesses to respond quickly to any issues that may arise during transit, such as delays or damage to the goods. Thirdly, it enhances the overall supply chain visibility, which is critical for maintaining customer trust and satisfaction.Technological Advancements in En Route ManagementWith the advent of technology, en route management has become more sophisticated. GPS tracking, for instance, has revolutionized the way goods are monitored during transit. Companies can now track their shipments in real-time, receiving updates on their location and estimated time of arrival. This has greatly improved the predictability and reliability of delivery schedules.Challenges in En Route ManagementDespite the benefits, en route management also faces challenges. One of the main issues is the unpredictability of external factors such as weather conditions and traffic. These can significantly impact the delivery timeline and may require dynamic route adjustments. Additionally, ensuring the security of goods during transit is another challenge, as theft and loss can occur.Strategies for Effective En Route ManagementTo overcome these challenges, companies can adopt various strategies. One such strategy is to invest in advanced tracking and monitoring systems that provide real-time updates. Another is to establish contingency plans for dealing with unexpected events. Furthermore, collaborating with reliable transportation partners can also enhance the security and efficiency of en route operations.ConclusionIn conclusion, en route management is a critical component of supply chain management. It requires a combination of technology, planning, and strategic partnerships to ensure that goods reach their destination on time and in good condition. As businesses continue to evolve and expand, the importance of effective en route management will only grow, making it a key area of focus for companies looking to maintain a competitive edge.。
有序排队的英文作文
有序排队的英文作文Title: The Art of Orderly Queueing: A Social Dance in a Modern World。
1. In the bustling city, a queue, like a well-timed symphony, is not just a line, but a dance of civility. Imagine a scene, not a queue, but a queue in motion, where individuals weave their way with a rhythm unique to urban life.2. The first clue? "Queueing up" is not a phrase, but a seamless blend of individuals, each one a note in a harmonious queueing chorus. It's not about "waiting" but "participating," a testament to the urban spirit of resilience and efficiency.3. In the heart of a bus tling café, the queue is a living metaphor. It's not a line, but a queue of eager faces, each one a story waiting to be served. The queue's fluidity, like the ebb and flow of a river, reflects thecity's ceaseless rhythm.4. The queue at a train station, a microcosm of life,is a lesson in patience. It's not a list, but a queue of anticipation, where silence speaks volumes. It's a lessonin the art of controlled chaos, a dance between order and impatience.5. And then, there's the queue at a concert, where orderly lines are a testament to the shared passion. It's not a line, but a formation, a testament to the unity of music lovers, each one a part of the collective experience.6. In the digital age, queues have taken on a new dimension. Online, they're not static, but dynamic, a virtual queue that adapts to the needs of the crowd. It's a dance between technology and humanity, a seamless blend of order and convenience.7. So, the next time you find yourself in a queue, remember, it's not just a line, it's a dance, a dance of urban life, a dance of shared purpose. And like any gooddance, it's a beautiful symphony of our modern world. 。
英文对伦敦地铁的看法作文
英文对伦敦地铁的看法作文Title: London Underground: A Vibrant Canvas of Urban Life。
1. Rumbling Metropolis: 。
The London Underground, or the "Tube," isn't just a mode of transport; it's a living, breathing entity, pulsing with the heartbeat of the city. It's not a journey, it's a journey through time, where each station whispers stories of the past and forecasts the future.2. A Symphony of Queues:Step into a carriage, and you're greeted by the hum of chatter, punctuated by the occasional groan at the packed platforms. It's a symphony of impatient Londoners, each one a note in the urban symphony. It's a dance of chaos, yet strangely organized.3. A Time Machine in Motion:Each line, a time capsule, carrying you from the grandeur of St. Pancras to the gritty charm of Shoreditch. The Tube is a portal to different eras, each station a snapshot of London's architectural evolution.4. A Mosaic of Characters:Passengers come in all shapes and hues, from the suits to the tourists, each one a chapter in their London tale. The Tube is a melting pot, a microcosm of diversity that's as fascinating as it is bewildering.5. The Unsung Hero:Underneath the bustling streets, the Tube silently powers the city. It's the unsung hero, always there, ready to whisk you away from the hustle. It's a symbol of resilience, a testament to London's unyielding spirit.6. A Journey of Discovery:Travelling on the Tube is not just about reaching your destination; it's about the unexpected detours, the hidden gems, and the serendipitous encounters. It's a journey of discovery, where every ride is a new adventure.In conclusion, the London Underground is a living, breathing testament to the city's dynamism. It's a chaotic symphony, a time machine, a melting pot, and a journey in itself. It's not just a mode of transport; it's a part of London's soul, a vibrant canvas that reflects the city's essence.。
排队定位英语作文
排队定位英语作文Title: Queue Management: A Necessary System for Orderly Operations。
In modern society, queuing is an indispensable part of daily life, whether it's waiting in line for groceries, queuing up for tickets at the cinema, or standing in line at a bank. The concept of queuing, or lining up in an orderly fashion, is essential for maintaining order and efficiency in various establishments. In this essay, wewill delve into the significance of queue management systems and how they contribute to a smoother operation in different settings.First and foremost, queue management systems play a crucial role in enhancing customer satisfaction. By organizing queues efficiently, businesses can reduce waiting times, thus improving the overall experience for customers. Nobody enjoys standing in long, chaotic lines, and implementing a structured queuing system can alleviatefrustration and create a more positive perception of the service provider.Moreover, effective queue management contributes to increased productivity and operational efficiency. By optimizing the flow of customers, businesses can serve more people within the same timeframe. This is particularly important in sectors such as retail, where swift transactions are key to maximizing revenue. With a well-designed queue management system in place, businesses can minimize idle time and ensure that resources are utilized efficiently.Furthermore, queue management systems are essential for maintaining order and safety in crowded environments. In places like airports, train stations, and amusement parks, large crowds can quickly become chaotic without proper queue management protocols. By implementing barriers, signage, and digital displays, authorities can guide people effectively and prevent overcrowding or confusion, thereby enhancing safety for everyone involved.In addition to physical queues, virtual queuing systems have also gained popularity in recent years. With the advent of smartphone apps and online booking platforms, customers can now reserve their spot in a virtual queue without having to physically wait in line. This not only saves time for the customers but also allows businesses to collect valuable data and optimize their operations based on demand patterns.However, while queue management systems offer numerous benefits, they are not without challenges. One common issue is the perception of fairness among customers. Insituations where demand exceeds capacity, such as during product launches or peak hours, some customers may feel aggrieved if they perceive others cutting in line or receiving preferential treatment. Therefore, it's essential for businesses to implement transparent and equitable queuing policies to maintain trust and customer satisfaction.Another challenge is the need for continuous monitoring and adjustment of queue management systems. Customer flowpatterns can fluctuate throughout the day, and unexpected events or disruptions may necessitate quick adaptations. By leveraging technology such as real-time data analytics and predictive modeling, businesses can optimize their queue management strategies and respond effectively to changing circumstances.In conclusion, queue management systems play a vital role in maintaining order, enhancing efficiency, and improving customer satisfaction across various industries. By implementing effective queuing protocols, businesses can streamline operations, minimize wait times, and create a positive experience for their patrons. As technology continues to evolve, the future of queue management holds promising innovations that will further revolutionize the way we wait in line.。
资源管理软件TORQUE 与作业调度软件Maui 的安装、设置及使用
资源管理软件TORQUE与作业调度软件Maui的安装、设置及使用李会民（hmli@）中国科学技术大学网络信息中心2008年1月目录1资源管理软件TORQUE的安装与设置21.1服务节点安装TORQUE (2)1.2服务节点初始化并设置TORQUE (2)1.3计算节点上安装TORQUE (4)1.4计算节点配置TORQUE (4)2安装与配置作业调度软件：Maui52.1服务节点上安装Maui (5)2.2服务节点上配置Maui (5)3作业运行63.1串行作业 (7)3.2并行作业 (8)3.3常用作业管理命令 (8)3.3.1查看队列中的作业状态：qstat (9)3.3.2挂起作业：qhold (10)3.3.3取消挂起：qrls (10)3.3.4终止作业：qdel和canceljob (10)3.3.5查看作业状态：checkjob (11)3.3.6交换两个作业的排队顺序：qorder (12)3.3.7选择符合特定条件的作业的作业号：qselect (12)3.3.8显示队列中作业的信息：showq (13)3.3.9显示节点信息：pbsnodes和qnodes (13)1资源管理软件TORQUE的安装与设置TORQUE和Maui可以从上下载。
以下仅是粗略配置，详细配置请参考相关手册：•TORQUE：/torquedocs21/•Maui：/products/maui/docs/mauiusers.shtml1.1服务节点安装TORQUE这里假设服务节点的机子名为kd50，其中一个计算节点的名字为node0101。
root@kd50#tar zxvf torque-2.2.1.tar.gzroot@kd50#cd torque-2.2.1root@kd50#./configure–prefix=/opt/torque-2.2.1–with-rcp=rcp上面–with-rcp=rcp设置为利用rsh协议在节点间传输文件，也可设置为–with-rcp=scp以利用scp协议进行传输。
图书馆排队英语作文
图书馆排队英语作文Title: Managing Library Queues: A Strategy Guide。
In bustling libraries, queues are a common sight, especially during peak hours. While waiting in line might seem mundane, it presents an opportunity to reflect on strategies for optimizing this experience. Let's delve into effective ways to manage library queues.Understanding Queue Dynamics:Before diving into strategies, it's crucial to grasp the dynamics of queues. Queues form due to limited resources, such as the number of available service desks or checkout stations. Additionally, human behavior plays a significant role. Factors like impatience, varying service times, and distractions influence queue length and speed.Strategies for Efficient Queue Management:1. Implementing Multiple Service Points: Increasing the number of service points can alleviate congestion.Libraries can deploy additional checkout counters or self-service kiosks to distribute the load evenly.2. Utilizing Technology: Embracing technology can streamline queue management. Implementing queue management systems with digital signage or mobile apps enables patrons to join virtual queues, reducing the need for physical lines.3. Staff Training: Well-trained staff can expedite service and manage queues more efficiently. Training should focus on effective communication, problem-solving, and maintaining a positive attitude to mitigate frustration among patrons.4. Promoting Self-Service Options: Encouraging patrons to utilize self-service options, such as online catalog searches, self-checkout machines, and digital borrowing platforms, can reduce reliance on staff-assisted services and shorten queues.5. Analyzing Queue Data: Utilizing data analytics to monitor queue length, wait times, and peak hours can inform decision-making. Libraries can adjust staffing levels and service hours based on data insights to optimize resource allocation.6. Implementing Queue Etiquette Guidelines:Establishing clear queue etiquette guidelines can enhancethe overall queue experience. Guidelines should include instructions on maintaining line integrity, respecting others' space, and refraining from disruptive behavior.7. Offering Queue Entertainment: To alleviate boredom during wait times, libraries can provide entertainment options such as reading materials, puzzles, or digital displays showcasing library events and resources.8. Providing Real-Time Updates: Keeping patronsinformed about queue status and estimated wait timesthrough digital displays, announcements, or mobile notifications enhances transparency and reduces uncertainty.Case Study: The Success of XYZ Library's Queue Management Strategy:XYZ Library faced long queues during peak hours, resulting in patron dissatisfaction. To address this issue, the library implemented a multifaceted queue management strategy:Increased the number of self-checkout kiosks and implemented a virtual queueing system accessible via a mobile app.Trained staff to efficiently handle patron inquiries, expedite checkout processes, and maintain a positive atmosphere.Analyzed queue data to identify peak hours and adjusted staffing schedules accordingly.Established clear queue etiquette guidelines and provided queue entertainment options.As a result of these efforts, XYZ Library witnessed a significant reduction in wait times and increased patron satisfaction.Conclusion:Effectively managing library queues requires a combination of strategic planning, technological innovation, staff training, and data-driven decision-making. By implementing these strategies, libraries can enhance the patron experience, minimize wait times, and optimize resource utilization. As queues are an inherent aspect of library operations, continuous improvement and adaptation are essential to meet evolving patron needs and preferences.。
讨论管理制度英语
讨论管理制度英语Management systems are essential components of any organization, as they provide the structure and processes necessary for effective and efficient operation. These systems are designed to streamline workflows, improve communication, and ensure that resources are allocated in the most effective manner. In this paper, we will discuss the importance of management systems, their key elements, and the benefits they provide to organizations.Key Elements of Management SystemsThere are several key elements that are commonly found in management systems. These elements include:1. Leadership and Communication: Effective management systems require strong leadership and clear communication. Leaders must be able to articulate the organization's goals and objectives, as well as provide guidance and support to employees.2. Planning: Planning is a critical element of management systems, as it involves setting goals, establishing strategies, and developing action plans. Effective planning ensures that resources are allocated in the most effective manner and that the organization is able to respond to changes in the business environment.3. Organizational Structure: A clear and well-defined organizational structure is essential for effective management systems. This structure includes clearly defined roles and responsibilities, as well as mechanisms for decision-making, communication, and coordination.4. Performance Measurement: Effective management systems include mechanisms for measuring and evaluating performance. This may include the use of key performance indicators (KPIs), balanced scorecards, and other tools for assessing the organization's progress towards its goals.5. Continuous Improvement: Management systems should support a culture of continuous improvement, in which the organization is constantly seeking to improve its processes, products, and services. This may involve the use of tools such as Six Sigma, Lean management, or total quality management.Benefits of Management SystemsEffective management systems provide several key benefits to organizations, including:1. Improved Efficiency: Management systems help organizations to streamline their workflows and eliminate waste. This can lead to improvements in productivity, cost savings, and increased profitability.2. Enhanced Communication: Clear communication is essential for the success of any organization. Management systems provide mechanisms for effective communication, including regular meetings, reports, and other tools for sharing information.3. Better Decision Making: Management systems provide leaders with the information and tools they need to make better decisions. This may include access to relevant data, trend analysis, and other tools for evaluating the organization's performance.4. Greater Transparency: Management systems provide mechanisms for tracking and reporting on the organization's performance. This can enhance transparency and accountability, and help to build trust with stakeholders.5. Improved Employee Morale: A well-designed management system can help to create a positive work environment, in which employees feel valued and supported. This can lead to improvements in employee morale, satisfaction, and retention.Challenges of Implementing Management SystemsWhile management systems provide several key benefits to organizations, they also present several challenges. Some of the most common challenges include:1. Resistance to Change: Implementing a new management system often requires changes to existing processes, procedures, and organizational culture. This can lead to resistance from employees, who may be reluctant to embrace new ways of working.2. Resource Constraints: Implementing a management system requires time, money, and other resources. Many organizations may struggle to find the necessary resources to support the implementation process.3. Complexity: Management systems can be complex, requiring careful planning, coordination, and execution. This complexity can make it difficult to effectively implement and maintain these systems.4. Lack of Leadership Support: Effective implementation of a management system requires strong leadership support. If leaders are not fully committed to the process, it can be difficult to achieve buy-in from employees and other stakeholders.5. Measurement and Evaluation: It can be challenging to develop effective measures for evaluating the success of a management system. This can make it difficult to determine whether the system is achieving the desired results.Tips for Implementing Effective Management SystemsDespite the challenges, there are several key tips that organizations can follow to successfully implement effective management systems. These tips include:1. Establish Clear Goals: Before implementing a management system, it is essential to establish clear goals and objectives. These goals should be aligned with the organization's strategic vision and should provide a clear roadmap for the implementation process.2. Secure Leadership Buy-In: Effective implementation of a management system requires strong leadership support. Leaders should be actively involved in the process, providing guidance, resources, and commitment to the initiative.3. Involve Employees: Employees are often the best source of knowledge and expertise when it comes to developing and implementing a management system. Involving employees in the process can help to generate buy-in and support for the initiative.4. Start Small: Implementing a management system can be a daunting task, particularly for larger organizations. It can be helpful to start small, by implementing the system in a specific department or area of the organization before rolling it out more broadly.5. Monitor and Adjust: Once a management system has been implemented, it is essential to monitor its performance and make adjustments as needed. This may involve collecting and analyzing data, seeking feedback from employees, and making changes to the system as necessary.ConclusionManagement systems are essential components of any organization, providing the structure and processes necessary for effective and efficient operation. While implementing a management system can be challenging, the benefits they provide - including improved efficiency, enhanced communication, better decision-making, and greater transparency - make the effort worthwhile. By following these tips for effective implementation, organizations can successfully implement and maintain management systems that drive their success.。
管理英语试题及答案
管理英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共10分）1. The company has recently undergone a significant ________ in its management structure.A. innovationB. renovationC. transformationD. alteration答案：C2. Effective communication is essential for the success of any ________ project.A. collaborativeB. individualC. independentD. isolated答案：A3. The manager emphasized the importance of ________ in achieving the company's goals.A. cooperationB. competitionC. conflictD. isolation答案：A4. The new policy aims to improve ________ and reduce costs.A. efficiencyB. productivityC. profitabilityD. effectiveness答案：B5. The team leader needs to delegate tasks to ensure ________ and balance workload.A. equityB. equalityC. fairnessD. justice答案：C二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）6. The company is focusing on ________ to improve its market position.[答案]：innovation7. The project was delayed due to a lack of ________ among team members.[答案]：communication8. The CEO announced a new ________ strategy to increase shareholder value.[答案]：growth9. The HR department is responsible for ________ and employee relations.[答案]：recruitment10. The company's ________ plan includes measures to reduce environmental impact.[答案]：sustainability三、阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）阅读以下段落，回答问题。
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Note on the Management of Queues
1、This problem is intended to point out the nonlinear nature of the queuing theory models.
a. For M=5 servers, look up the average number waiting for the p values 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7,
0.8, and 0.9, and plot L q againstρ.
b. Interpret what you see in your plot, remembering thatρrepresents the utilization of the servers.
当服务通道数量一定时（M=5），平均服务效用（ρ值）越高时，λ/μ值也越大，则在队伍中等候的人数越多。
c. For a given number of servers, there are only two ways that the utilization factor can be altere
d. What are they?
根据公式ρ=λ/（Mμ），当服务人员数量固定时，由于每单位时间内平均到店顾客（λ）的数量不可控制，因此，可以调整的因素为服务通道数量（M）以及单位时间内单位通道内服务顾客的平均数量（μ）。
d. A five-server system currently has a workload that keep the servers occupied 70% of the tim
e. Suppose that the workload increased so that the utilization became 90%. From your answer to part (a), what is the percentage increase in the average waiting line? Compare
that to the percentage increase in workload, and comment.
当工作量ρ为70%时，队伍中平均等候人数L q约为0.4人，当工作量ρ为90%时，队伍中平均等候人数L q约为7.3人。
工作量ρ提升20%，引起了平均等候人数增加约17.25倍，由此可见，工作量ρ与平均等候人数L q并非简单的线性关系。
ρ的提升是由于λ/μ引起的，我们假定μ不变，等于假定服务技能没有提升的情况下，是λ变了，也就是到店的顾客数量成倍的增长。
即使工作量ρ从70%提高到90%，但平均等候人数L q依然增加了17.25倍，严重影响客户体验。
e. What might a fast-food restaurant do to increase the service rate, μ?
快餐店可以通过一系列的方法，如：提供培训使服务人员更加熟练、优化流程或工序使操作更加顺畅、（在特定时段）取消某些步骤/服务以缩短平均服务时间等等，来提升服务效率μ。
2、One of the work stations in the Duke Manufacturing Company shop is manned by Peter Salt. He is a specialist in machine parts finishing and receives jobs from many departments of the company, on an irregular basis. He receives an average of 10 jobs per day, and the pileup of unfinished jobs awaiting his attention amounts to eight jobs, on the average.
a. Estimate his idle time (percent). (Note: if you cannot answer part (a), assume that the answer is 10% and continue).
根据题目已知，λ=10，L q=8，M=1，通过查表，可知λ/μ=0.9，所以，ρ=90%，即Peter Salt的闲暇时间为10%。
b. Estimate Peter service rate capability, μ.
λ/μ=0.9，λ=10，因此，μ=10/0.9=11.11
c. If I have a job for Pete (with no special priority), how long will it be before he begins to work on it?
W q= L q/λ=8/10=0.8天
d. What would be the average number of jobs in the waiting line if another equivalent worker were permanently assigned to help Pete?
如果安排一名员工帮助Peter，则可以看成M=2，λ/μ=0.9，查表可知，L q=0.2285
3、A barbershop has two barbers, each of whom can serve five customers per hour. A total of eight customers per hour arrive at the shop on the average.
a. If 60% of the customers want barber 1, 40% want barber 2, and no customer will accept a barber other than his preferred barber, how long does the average customer wait?
P1=λ/（Mμ）=(8*0.6)/(1*5)=0.96 λ/μ=4.8/5=0.96 L q=18.05
顾客等待1#发型师的平均时间为W q= L q/λ=18.05/4.8=3.76小时
P2=λ/（Mμ）=(8*0.4)/(1*5)=0.64 λ/μ=3.2/5=0.64 L q=1.21
顾客等待2#发型师的平均时间为W q= L q/λ=1.21/3.2=0.38小时
b. If all customers would take the next available barber, how long would the average customer wait?
P=λ/（Mμ）=8/(2*5)=0.8 λ/μ=8/5=1.6 L q=2.84
顾客等待发型师的平均时间为W q= L q/λ=2.84/8=0.36小时
c. In words, why is the answer to part (b) less than the answer to part (a)? would it still be true if the customers were divided equally?
(a)采用的是两个平行的单通道单阶段排队模型，(b)采用的是多通道单阶段排队模型，多通道单阶段排队模型的原则是first come，first served，所以(b)的顾客的平均等待时间会少于(a)。
如果将顾客平均分配，(a)的顾客的平均等待时间会大于(b)。
P1=P2=λ/（Mμ）=(8*0.5)/(1*5)=0.80 λ/μ=4/5=0.80 Lq=3.2
顾客等待1#发型师和2#发型师的平均时间为Wq= Lq/λ=3.2/4=0.8小时。