非谓语动词十大解题原则
非谓语的解题步骤或思路
非谓语的解题步骤或思路（1）先判断空格部分所需的是主句，从句还是非谓语动词。
独立的句子，从句或非谓语独立的句子加句号，分号或破折号的话，后再加一个独立的句子。
独立的句子，（逗号）有and,but, so 等词加独立的句子。
（2）再根据主句的主语，来判断主动或被动；（3）接下来再判断时态，（4）如果是否定的话，not一定要放在非谓语的前面（5）一定不要忘记主语一致的原则，如果不一致的话，要把非谓语的独立主语加上。
非谓语常见的位置，或在句子中所担当的成分（1）非谓语动词短语，+ 主句或者是主句，非谓语动词短语这时的非谓语动词短语起到状语的作用例如：influenced by the growing interest in nature, more people enjoy outdaoor activities.在这种情况下，首先,找出主句的主语，然后以主句的主语为出发点，来判断非谓语动词是主动还是被动，如果已有的非谓语动词的主语和主句主语不一致，还要考虑独立主格结构，也就是把非谓语动词的自己的主语加上去：例如：All flights having been cancelled , they decided to takethe train.其次,把非谓语动词和主句的动词比较，看是否同时发生还是有明显的先后。
（2）跟在介词，动词或某些形容词的后面固定搭配只接动词-ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有：admit 承认appreciate 感激avoid 避免put off推迟keep 保持consider 考虑delay/ postpone耽搁dislike 嫌恶resist 抵制mention 提及enjoy 喜欢escape 避免excuse 原谅practice 练习mind介意fancy想不到feel like 意欲finish 完成risk 冒险include 包括forgive 原谅give up 放弃suggest 建议miss 逃过imagine 想象can’t help 情不自禁involve 需要can’t stand 无法忍受understand 理解常见的带介词to的短语：be used to 习惯be related to 与……有关get down to 着手做contribute to 贡献put one’s mind to全神贯注于give rise to 引起be equal to 胜任devote oneself to 献身于lead to 导致be opposed to 反对look forward to 盼望object to 反对stick to 坚持pay attention to 注意（3）介词后一定要加动词的-ing 形式；（4）跟在名词后面做定语时，一般不用having done/ having been done 结构（5）放在句首做主语，一般用动词的ing 和to do …特殊的非谓语短语Generally speaking 一般来说Considering …. 考虑到，鉴于Time/weather permitting 时间、天气允许的话Taking …into account 考虑到Taking …into consideration 考虑到Provided …假如Providing…假如Suppose…假如Supposing…假如Juding from/ by…根据…判断Given sth 假如，如果；鉴于，考虑到Given that…假如，如果；鉴于，考虑到。
非谓语动词解题三步走
非谓语动词解题三步走作者：王正勋来源：《高中生·高考指导》2015年第10期第一步：确定是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。
一般来讲，一个句子只有一个谓语动词。
如果是两个谓语动词并列，要有连词连接；如果没有连词，其中一个要用非谓语动词。
如果是三个或三个以上谓语动词并列时，前面几个谓语动词要用逗号分开，最后两个常用and等连词连接，此时的谓语动词所表示的动作常先后接连发生。
否则要根据具体情况，分析动词之间的关系，确定非谓语动词的形式。
如果and等连词不是放在最后两个动词之间，要分析各个动词的关系，确定哪些是用作谓语动词，哪些是用作非谓语动词，再分析动词之间的关系，确定非谓语动词的形式。
例1 A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop.解析：答案为将telling改为told。
分析句子结构可知，tell与saw是并列关系，and前后的谓语动词时态要一致，因此将telling改为told。
例2 The old woman carefully sorted out the eggs，_____（put）them in the basket and headed for the market.解析：答案为putting。
分析句子结构可知，put动作应该与sort out动作同时发生，虽然三个动词中最后两个用and连接，但三个动词并不是接连发生，因此put不能用作谓语动词，而用现在分词充当伴随状语。
第二步：根据非谓语动词发生时间和谓语动词的时间关系确定非谓语动词的时态，根据非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系确定非谓语动词的语态。
1. 若所表示的动作与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生，则用to do（主动）或to be done（被动）。
2. 若与主要谓语的动作（几乎）同时进行，并强调正在进行的情景或持续性，则用to be doing或doing（主动），being done（被动）。
非谓语动词--七大原则
（四）分析时态 C ____ 1. The building ____now will be a restaurant . B ________ 2. The building ____ next year will be a restaurant . D ________ 3. The building ______last year is a restaurant. A.having been built B.to be built
7.He hurried to the station, only ______ that the train had left. (2005广东卷) A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found 【解析】only to do sth 在此表示出人意料的结果。
A.to take C. to be taken B. taking D. taken
（三）分析语态
分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词
和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。
Jane 1. “You can’t catch me !” Jane shouted, ______ away. A. run B. running C.to run D. ran 2. _____ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing
sitting
原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与 主句主语保持一致.
12. Faced with a bill for $10,000，_____. （2006陕西卷） faced with A. John has taken an extra job B. the boss has given John an extra job C. an extra job has been taken D. an extra job has been given to John
例析非谓语动词解题步骤
非谓语动词解题技巧
非谓语动词练习一．非谓语题的解题总方法与思路：1. 辨别―谓与非谓‖1.）先看四个答案：如果四个答案分别为动词原形、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等情况，那么这个题多半是非谓语动词题。
2.）看符号：中间有个逗号，末尾有个句号（有时中间没有逗号）；3.）看有没有连接词（引导词）。
如果用逗号隔开的两个部分都没有连接词的话，一部分是句子时，那么另一部分就一定是非句子，而非句子里的动词就是非谓语动词。
2. 找逻辑主语3. 定语态：如果本句的主语（或动词自带的逻辑主语）与它是逻辑上的主谓关系，那么答案一般用Ving形式；如果本句的主语（或动词自带的逻辑主语）与它是逻辑上的动宾关系（被动关系），那么答案一般用V ed形式。
4. 定时态：如果非谓语的动作比谓语先（或先很久）发生，那么非谓语动词要用完成式（to havedone/to have been done/ having done/ Having been done），否则我们要用非谓语的一般式（to do / to be done / doing / being done / done）。
二．非谓语动词可能出现的考查点及易错点：1）在“句子, and/or/but +句子”的并列句结构中，可能会考查“以动词原形开头”的祈使句，四个答案表面上象非谓语，其实考查的是谓语。
1.______hard and you will succeed in the exam.2.______hard or you will fail in the exam.3.______hard , you will succeed in the exam.A. StudyB. T o studyC. S tudyingD. Studied2）在“句子，非句子”结构中，非句子部分用非谓语：4. The teacher devoted his life to his career, ______ most of his students successful in study.A. makeB. to makeC. makingD. made3）在“非句子，句子”结构中，非句子部分用非谓语：5. _________with children, I know what is needed most.A. WorkingB. Having workedC. WorkedD. T o work4) 在“with + 宾语+ 宾语补足语”结构中，宾语补足语可能用非谓语动词：6. With her baby _______ on her back, the woman was cleaning the rich man’s house.A. sleepB. sleptC. to sleepD. sleeping7. With his hair _______ like a role in the film, the boy felt very cool.A. cutB. to be cutC. cuttingD. to cut5）在drive/leave/keep/make/have/let/get/find/hear…等使让动词或感观动词后面作宾语补足语时，也可能用非谓语动词。
非谓语动词解题三步曲
GUAN ＧＤONG JIAO YU GAO ZHONG广东教育·高中2020年第12期非谓语动词是高中语法的重点和难点，是阅读理解和书面表达的必备基础，也是语法填空的必考点，每年每套题中有1-3小题。
面对非谓语动词，考生经常感到棘手，得分率不高。
其实，从近3年的高考真题来看，高考对非谓语动词的考查非常简单，仅限于考查to do,doing,done 的基本形式。
也就是说，考生只要掌握非谓语动词的三种最基本的形式，题目便迎刃而解。
为帮助考生突破非谓语动词，我们可以用“三步曲”解决非谓语动词。
第一步，分析句子结构，辨别谓语与非谓语。
根据句子的结构，英语句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
简单句只含有一个主谓结构。
并列句是由并列连词and,or,but,so 等连接的两个或两个以上分句而构成的句子，即S1+并列连词+S2。
复合句是由“主句+引导词+从句(定语从句，状语从句，名词性从句)”构成的句子。
根据以上句子成分分析可知，如果一个句子已经有谓语动词，而且空格前没有并列连词或从属连词，一般为非谓语动词。
如：1.(2020全国Ⅰ卷)Chinese researchers hope to use the in 鄄struments on board Chang ’e-4________(find)and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.2.(2020全国Ⅱ卷)They represent the earth __________(come)back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.3.(2020全国Ⅱ卷)They make great gifs and you see them many times ________(decorate)with red envelopes and mes 鄄sages of good fortune.4.(2020山东卷)The 80,000objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane,for example,________(form)the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759.分析：第1～3题谓语动词分别是hope,represent,see ，空格前均无连词，因此，括号中所给词均为非谓语动词。
初中英语中考复习 秘籍05 非谓语动词-2021年中考英语抢分秘籍(原卷版)
5.【2020·包头市第二十九中学九年级三模】There are still many problems_____before we are ready for a long stay on the moon.
2.【2020·江苏省锡山高级中学实验学校九年级其他模拟】There are no ways she can come up_____herself out.
A．with to helpB．to helpC．with helpingD．to helping
3.【2020·长沙市南雅中学九年级开学考试】If you have difficulty_____with your classmates, you may consider_____your teacher for help.
No matter what happened,I won’t give up achieving my dream.不管发生了什么事情，我都不会放弃去实现我的梦想。
作定语
用于名词前，起修饰说明作用
There is a swimming pool in her home.她家有个游泳池。
（三）动名词的特殊用法
Can you give me a pen to write with?能给我一只用于书写的笔吗？
Do you have something to say?你有什么要说的吗？
作状语
不定式常可用作状语，修饰动词，表示行为的目的、结果和原因。
To do a good job,we must have the right tools.要干好活工具要对头。
非谓语动词十大解题原则---学生版
非谓语动词非谓语动词主要包括to do, -ing和-ed三种形式，可是其用法非常广泛，它不仅是高考单项选择题测试的一个重点，而且也是完形填空、阅读理解、短文改错的重要考查内容。
为了能更好地掌握非谓语动词的用法，老师在教学实践中总结出十条实用的解题原则，并且还用相关的题目来解释这些原规律性非谓语动词试题的解题步骤（有提示词）形式的根本依据就是“句中已有谓语”，即，句子不缺谓语的情况下，所给提示词才能考虑用其非谓语动词形式。
一、区分简单句与复合句，判断式谓语动词还是非谓语动词1.That was definitely not an attractive idea, so I politely declined her invitation, _____(close) my bookand walked away.2.We also have to consider the feeling of the person_______( receive) the gift.3.Although he has been told many times, he still (make) the same mistake.4.He won the first prize and (surprise) all of us.5.With so many people (communicate) in English every day, it will become more important to have agood knowledge of English.6.Nowadays, almost everyone_ (realize) that smoking is harmful to people’s health.7.There (be) no bus, I had to walk home.8.(spend) more time on your study, and you are likely to make bigger progress.9.(spend) more time on your study is necessary for you to make progress in study.10.He totally devoted himself to science study, which (make) his family very upset.11.What the shop (sell) now attracts a lot of customers.12.The belief is that everyone (depend) on themselves, and the choice they make is of great importance.非谓语动词在高考中的具体应用一、非谓语动词作状语的题型：1. _________ (see) from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.2. It rained heavily in the south, _________ (cause) serious flooding in several provinces.3. _________ (complete) the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.二、非谓语动词作定语的题型：1. A great number of students _________ (question) said they were forced to practice the piano.2. Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one _________ (repair) first is the library.十大解题原则A. Having been toldB. Having toldC. He had been toldD. Though he had been told例2．_________ many times, he still couldn’t understand it.A. Having been toldB. Having toldA. Having lostB. LostC. Being lostD. Losing例4. __________, I really believe that I’d prefer not to make any change now.A. Considered all the possibilitiesB. Taking all the possibilities into considerationC. Taken all the possibilities into considerationA. FailB. FailedC. To failD. Having failed例6. Tim Bemers-Lee is generally considered _____ the World Wide Web, on which all the information is shared by all.A. to have foundedB. having foundedA．produced B．being producedC．to be produced D．having been produced例8.The trees _____ in the storm have been moved off the road.A. being blown downB. blown downA. the thief having been caughtB. the thief to be caughtC. catch the thiefD. the thief being caught例10. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ____ could be heard outside the classroom.A. opened and closedB. to be opened and closedA. CaughtB. Having caughtC. Being caughtD. To catch例12 ___twice a year, whether it is a car or a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey in this city.A. ExaminingB. ExaminedA. comparingB. comparesC. to compareD. compared例14 _______ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.A. Being bittenB. BittenC. Having bittenD. To be bitten例16._______ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.A. To walk.B. WalkingC. WalkedD. Having walked例17. While watching television, __________.A. the doorbell rangB. the doorbell ringsC. we heard the doorbell ringD. we heard the doorbell rings例18. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons ____ for the day.A. Being a winnerB. To be a winnerC. Be a winnerD. Having been a winner例20. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _______ the film stars had left.A. to tellB. to be toldC. tellingD. told例21. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, ________ in the natural light during the day.A. to letB. lettingC. letD. having let例22.How glad I am ___________ you!A. Not realizedB. Not to realizeC. Not realizingD. Not to have realized例24. What worried him most was ______ to visit his sick child.A. his being not allowedB. his not being allowedC. his not allowingD. having not been allowed例25. Sarah has decided ________ away on holiday this summer.A. don’t goB. to not goC. not goingD. not to go考点突破，真题演练单句填空：用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。
非谓语动词解题方法
非谓语动词的做题步骤1、判定是否用非谓语形式。
方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了。
2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
3、判断主被动关系。
方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。
4、判断时间关系。
方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。
之前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing。
非谓语动词考点解题方略福建邵武一中兰利华非谓语动词是英语语言的一大特色,是一个系统性,综合性很强的语言项目。
它是中学英语教学的重点、难点，在历届高考中备受命题者的青睐。
许多学生对它缺乏全面、系统的认识，又习惯于把汉语思维模式带到英语学习中，因而在学习中焦头烂额，疲于招架。
要做好此类题目，除了要掌握其各种基本形式与语法功能，能准确分析句子成分、结构，牢记动词用法，还应熟悉一些有效的解题技巧。
一、非谓语动词的基本形式及其语法功能二、解题方略步骤一分析句子结构，确定答案范围一个句子中通常不能有两个（以上）的谓语动词，除非动词是并列谓语或多个谓语动词是分别出现在主从复合句或并列句中。
根据这个语法规则，我们可以确定答案该用谓语动词还是非谓语动词。
例1 Who could have imagined such a sweet-tempered girl as Alice ______ such a thing!A. doingB. to doC. will doD. does解析：句中已有谓语动词imagined , 且句子不属于主从复合句或并列句，故空格处不可再填谓语动词，排除C、D, 再结合考虑动词用法imagine (sb) doing, 得出答案为A.例2 ______ many times, but he still couldn’t understand it.A. Having been toldB. Though he had been toldC. He had been toldD. Having told解析: 从bu t 得知逗号前后为表示转折关系的并列句, 逗号前的内容为一个句子,所以空格处不能是非谓语动词, 排除 A 、D, 又因为though和but不能同用，故答案为C.步骤二多角度考虑确定非谓语动词的具体形式1．非谓语动词的否定形式not均放其前例3______ full preparations, we decided to put off the meeting till next week.A. Not being madeB. Having not madeC. Making notD. Not having made解析：根据not的位置可排除B和C, 再根据句意可确定主语we与非谓语动词make之间为主动关系，所以答案为D.2．非谓语动词不同形式之间的区别非谓语动词包括不定式、现在分词、动名词和过去分词，每种形式都具有各自的语法功能和意义。
高考非谓语动词解题方法三步走
非谓语动词解题方法三步走
第一步：（成分判断）判断非谓语动词充当的句子成分
第二步：（语态判断）判断主动、被动语态
第三步：（时态判断）判断非谓语动词的动作与谓语动作的先后关系
具体判断法则
1.非谓语动词充当句子主语（高考近五年未考）
①（成分判断）充当主语——谓语动作发出者
②（语态判断）主被动的选择取决于句子要表达的意思
③（时态判断）
以下为高考常考内容
2.非谓语动词充当句子宾语
①（成分判断）充当宾语——谓语动作承受者
②（语态判断）
③（时态判断）
3.非谓语动词充当句子定语/宾补
①（成分判断）充当定语/宾补——相当于形容词，用来修饰宾语
②（语态判断）
③（时态判断）
4.非谓语动词充当句子状语
①（成分判断）充当状语——相当于副词，用来修饰谓语
②（语态判断）
③（时态判断）
5.（主系表结构中）非谓语动词充当表语形容词
①（成分判断）在“主+系+表”结构中，充当表语形容词
②（语态判断）
③（时态判断）
根据徐磊英语语法总结。
非谓语解题三步法
非谓语解题三步法非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。
在英语句子中，非谓语动词可以担任不同的成分，如主语、宾语、状语等。
解决非谓语问题，可以遵循以下三个步骤：一、识别非谓语动词在句子中，首先需要识别非谓语动词。
非谓语动词通常会以动词不定式、动名词或分词的形式出现。
需要注意的是，非谓语动词不能担任谓语成分，因此需要判断其前面的词语是否为名词或代词，以确定是否为非谓语动词。
二、分析句子结构在识别非谓语动词后，需要分析句子的结构。
非谓语动词可以担任多种成分，如主语、宾语、状语等。
需要根据句子的意思和结构来确定非谓语动词担任的成分。
例如：1. To go to the party was a great decision.（动词不定式作主语）2. Swimming in the sea is my favorite hobby.（动名词作主语）3. Reading books on weekends is relaxing.（动名词作宾语）4. To win the game was easy, but to keep the trophy was hard.（动词不定式作主语和宾语）5. Seeing the movie made me feel sad.（现在分词作状语）三、确定非谓语动词的形式在确定非谓语动词的成分后，需要根据句子的意思和结构来确定非谓语动词的形式。
非谓语动词的形式包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。
需要根据非谓语动词在句子中的位置和作用来确定其形式。
例如：1. To go to the party was a great decision.（动词不定式作主语，表示将来的动作）2. Swimming in the sea is my favorite hobby.（动名词作主语，表示一般的动作）3. Reading books on weekends is relaxing.（动名词作宾语，表示一般的动作）4. To win the game was easy, but to keep the trophy was hard.（动词不定式作主语和宾语，表示将来的动作）5. Seeing the movie made me feel sad.（现在分词作状语，表示主动关系）。
高中英语非谓语解题思路讲解
非谓语动词解题解答考查非谓语动词的题目时，一定要保持头脑冷静。
一般要遵循以下解题思路：1。
解析句子结构，确定设空在句子中充当的功能（如状语，定语等）2。
找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系（主动还是被动）3。
搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。
4。
将该选项置入空中，看是否能够做到字从意顺，或是否能传达有效信息，完成交际任务。
一、主语doing 主动 (此种方式考察最多)being done 被动偶尔也会考到to do / to be done 做主语① ---David doesn’t seem to be what he was.---No, seeing so much in the war has made him more thoughtful.② It is necessary to be prepared for a job interview; having the answers ready willbe of great help.③Being examined twice a year, whether it is a car, a bus or a truck, is a rule thatevery driver must obey in this city.二、宾语1) V. + to do sth.decide， determine, learn, want, expect, hope, wish,refuse, manage, pretend ,offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, beg, help, afford2) V. + doing sth.consider, suggest/advise, admit, delay, avoid, miss, keep , practise, finish ,enjoy appreciate ，forbid, imagine , risk, can’t help(禁不住做) , mind, allow/ permit, escape , stand, be used to(习惯于) , lead to , devote… to, stick to, object to（反对）, get down to（开始认真做）, pay attention to, give up , feel like（想要做）, insist on , refer to，look forward to 3) V. + to do ①意思相近begin , start, intend, bear，continue…doing ②意思不同forget, remember, regret, stop, try, mean, go on,…①I can’t stand working with Jane in the same office , she just refuses to stop talkingwhile she works.② The parents suggested sleeping in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to cameout during the trip.④ When asked by the police, he said that he remembered arriving at the party, but notleaving.三、表语to do 表具体的或一次性的动作,或将来动作doing 表习惯性,或多次性动作①His job is teaching.② His task is to clean the classroom today.(一次)③ My wish is to go abroad for further study. (将来）四、定语：当判断出句中需非谓语动词做定语时，首先应该区分不定式和分词to do 不定式常放在一些固定结构中1．放在 have , want, need 等动词句型中e.g.1). I have a lot of homework to do.2). I want a book to read.3). I need a friend to talk with.常见考点：区分 Sb have sb / sth to doSb have sb / sth to be donee.g. 1). --I am going to the post office , do you have a letter to be posted? --No, thank you.2). Do you have anything to buy? We can go shopping together.2．在含有give, buy, lend,等句型中e.g. 1). Will you lend me a book to read?2). Give me some water to drink.3．用来修饰的词是抽象名词时，常用不定式做定语。
非谓语动词十大解题原则
A. Having lostB. LostC. Being lostD. Losing现在后面没有宾语，所以用 -ed 形式，答案为 B 。
, I really believe that 'I d prefer not to make any change now.A. Considered all the possibilitiesB. Taking all the possibilities into considerationC. Taken all the possibilities into considerationD. Giving all the possibilities解析：把。
考虑进来结构为take sth into con sideration,现在take 后面有宾语all the possibilities ，所以用-ing 形式，答案为 B 。
原则三： being done 表示“正在被”,一般不作状语,只作定语。
非谓语动 词的完成时形式to have done 或having done 强调该动作发生在句子谓语动词之前5. __ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.非谓语动词十大实用解题原则原则一：两个句子必须要用连词连接, 如果没有连词连接, 则需要用非谓语 动词 1.many times, but he still couldn 't understand it. A. Having been told B. Having told C. He had been told D. Though he had been told例 2． many times, he still couldn ' t understand it.A. Having been toldB. Having toldC. He had been toldD. Though he had told解析：例 1 中有连词 but 连接，表明前后都是句子，所以答案为 C 。
需要牢记的非谓语动词做题口诀 附练习题及答案
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别（1）动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。
(抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。
(具体)（2）动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。
(经验)Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。
(经验)（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别（1）不定式作表语不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。
如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。
如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。
如何解答与非谓语动词相关的问题
为 to perform。
相关的试题时，首先应熟练掌握与非谓语动词相关的
语时，应用其 doing（动名词）形式，常见的接动名词的
此类试题的得分率。
2.非谓语动词如果在介词或某些动词的后面作宾
动词有 appreciate，
consider，
escape ，
forbid，
1.如果非谓语动词的动作发生在主句谓语的动作
之前，且与逻辑主语之间形成了被动关系，即被动、完
成，那么非谓语动词用 done（过去分词）形式。
2.如果非谓语动词的动作发生的时间与主句谓语
动词的动作在相同的时间发生，且与逻辑主语构成了
英语句子一般有三类，分别是简单句、并列句、复
合句。简单句中只有一个“主谓”结构；并列句是由 or,
“主
后 面 接 的 是 由 accompanied by、in addition to、as well
谓一致”的原则主要有语法一致原则、就近一致原则、
意义一致原则。下面笔者针对这几个方面分析学生
容易出现的问题，
希望为学生解题提供帮助。
as、including、no less than、together with、with、rather
动词作定语时，其修饰的词为逻辑主语；非谓语动词
子用逗号连接，再结合句意，可知本题考查非谓语动
作表语或状语时，主句的主语是逻辑主语；非谓语动
词。第二步，分析句子意思可知，空格处应作后置定
词作宾语补足语时，
主句的宾语是逻辑主语。
解题过程中考生还应考虑以下情况：
1.如果逻辑主语和非谓语动词构成了主动关系，
（decorate）with red envelopes...(2020 年全国 II 卷)
语法动词解题策略(谓语与非谓语)
1考察动词相关解题技法第一步：判断为动词{谓语非谓语第二步：判断时态{前后时态一致性（对比整段时态、主句从句时态）标志词（对于非谓语要注意进行时、完成时、将来时）第三步：单复数（对于谓语）：要注意单复同行的词语第四步：判断动宾关系（主动被动关系）判断{非谓语{主动{ing to do 被动−done 谓语{主动do 被动be done 注意事项：{对于done { 作为主语，则需变为being done 形式注意时态：to have done 、to be done 等时态用法的使用注意搭配：介词后用being done 注意勿改变原有形式：to do 的搭配保留 to be done ，多个ing 并列保留being done 注意一些主动表被动的词语对于to do {一般逗号后不用to do 插入语逗号后可用（语填易挖坑）第五步：2判断{先后(强烈)—进行时同时(强烈)—完成时一般时态常见表状态的搭配（主要考察非谓语动词）1. (be) absorbed in 沉迷于2. (be) buried in 沉迷于3. (be) employed in 沉迷于4. (be) lost in 沉迷于5. (be) engaged in 沉迷于6. (be) involved in 沉迷于7. (be) submerged in 沉迷于8. (be) immersed in 沉迷于9. (be) indulged in 沉迷于10. (be) addicted to 沉迷于11. (be) hooked by 沉迷于12. (be) located in 坐落于13. (be) filled with 充满14.(be) flooded with 充满15.(be) fulfilled with 充满16.(be) loaded with 充满17.dressed 穿着18.开（状态、形容词）：open19.关（状态、形容词）：closed20.主动：face (up) to 被动：(be) faced with21.主动：aim to 被动：(be) aimed with22.主动：lying 被动：(be) located in23.主动：marry 被动：(be) married to24.主动：sitting 被动：seated时态标志词进行时：now、at this time、at present、right now、when、see、look完成时：1)since+时间点、for+时间段、still、so far2)times（多次）3)until now、till now、up to now4)in/during/for/over/within + the last/the past + some time（前加后组合）5)yet、just36)never、ever7)before、lately、recently、recent8)by 加时间点（过去、现在、将来时间点就分别对应过去、现在、将来完成时）易错点为since的用法：表完成时标志词时有：have done（完成时）+since+did（过去时）单复同行名词（以单计）1.deer2.fish3.sheep4.aircraft5.hovercraft6.spacecraft7.means8.species9.series10.crossroads11.headquarters12.works主动表被动1.date2.measure（be measured in为特殊词组，需单独记忆）3.prove4.exist5.be worth doing4习题—非谓语动词1.Many early Europeans, ____________ the earth to be flat, feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth. (believe)2.European countries, ____________ crisis is at hand, are providing great encouragement for parents to create more babies in the 21st century. (realize)3.The important experiment, though ____________ in a remote laboratory, was at once reported in the newspaper. (make)4.The great fire continued till the next morning, with a heavy smoke ____________ in the distance. (see)5.Some people believe that some numbers show the ____________ side of a person’s personality. (hide)6.____________ in his research work, he declined the invitation to a dinner party. (absorb)7.The conference currently ____________ in Geneva has caught the attention of the mass media. (hold)8.Catherine is considering ____________ a medical school, which will affect her relocation. (attend)9.Now everyone here was working hard and doing what they could ____________ more money. (make)10.Thousands of people ____________ as Santa Claus took part in Liverpool's annual “Santa Dash” on December 3 this year. (dress)11.People in India often practice yoga, a set of mental and physical exercises ____________ to bring the body and soul together. (design)12.Taliban claimed ____________ down American's military helicopter, but there was no further news. (bring)13.If you stay over four years in this country, you will have to have your visa ____________ one more year. (extend)14.The impact, ____________ shortly before midnight local time, knocked out all communications before warning could be given. (occur)515.The fishermen overcame a lot of difficulties they had ____________ their boats at harbor when Typhoon Aree was striking the area. (fasten)16.____________ with fright, the hungry fox hid himself in a small cave, ____________ his tail to the rain. (Tremble; expose)17.Research into the dynamics of storms is directed toward improving the ability ____________ these events and thus to minimize damage and avoid loss of life. (predict) 18.____________ many symbols make it possible to put a large amount of information on a single map. (Use)19.Thirty years after ____________ to McCauley’s words, they still seem to me the best yardstick（标准）, because they give us a way to measure ourselves rather than others. (introduce)20.I received a nice present from my parents on Christmas Eve, with a short amusing poem ____________. (attach)21.At the seventh International Ballet Competition, Fernando Bujones won the first gold medal ever ____________ to an American male dancer. (award)22.In another case, the police spotted a man ____________ without his hands on the handlebars. (cycle)23.No one can walk the wire without a bit of fear unless ____________ very young. (train)24.____________ the problem for a while she thought better of her first solution. (consider)25.The guide ____________ the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest. (lead)26.Ten years after ____________ in 1995, eBay has become the world's leading online marketplace for all sorts of goods. (form)27.When the tour guide finally found the lost tourist in the far-off corner of the park, he was sitting on a rock, ____________ to his girlfriend excitedly on the phone. (talk)28.Even many years after his divorce, he still couldn't figure out the reason for his ____________ marriage. (fail)29.Originally ____________ for teenagers, Harry Potter proved to be popular with middle-aged housewives as well. (write)30. A lack of sense of family responsibility has caused many couples born in the 1980s6____________ quickly. (divorce)31.____________ cancer risk, diets should include little or no red meat. (lower)32.You may see some dull advertisements ____________ people to buy their products while watching TV. (encourage)33.____________ her success in Disney Channel's new TV series Hannah Montana, 15-year-old Miley Cyrus is now the wealthiest child in the world! (follow)34.In March 2007, the Hannah Montana album was reissued in a special edition ____________ a bonus DVD. (feature)35.Bacon was considered quite an expensive delicacy and ____________ to obtain some bacon made people feel quite special. (manage)36.People purchase shares of stock in a company, ____________ to receive regular payments called dividends. (expect)37.The traffic problems we are looking forward to seeing ____________ should have attracted the government’s attention. (solve)38.The decision ____________ Internet addiction as a mental disorder has caused much debate. (classify)39.Several people ____________ in the GM-Chrysler merger discussions say the companies have talked to federal officials about their proposed transaction. (involve)40.In the past three years, the Southeast Asian nation witnessed its islands ____________ bya tsunami and typhoons. (destroy)41.Many people found their memories ____________ them down towards the end of the day, but the following morning, those who had slept well could recall much more. (let) 42. A recent review shows that half a billion pounds spent ____________ to raise the standard of English in primary schools in the UK has had almost no impact on children's reading skills. (attempt)43.____________ the current worsened financial state, the government of Iceland had to seek help from countries like Russia and China. (consider)44.____________ by the snowstorm for about one month, most of the villages in that district were short of food and medicine. (isolate)745.Those digital-age workers, ____________ with computers and mobile phones, are working untiringly, under great emotional and physical stress created by the round-the-clock Internet economy. (arm)46.____________ by the outstanding conductor Karajan, the orchestra began to play Beethoven's Symphony No.5. (lead)47.When staying in London, I found each experience provided opportunities to hear English ____________ in the local idiom by expressive, colorful people. (speak)48.On the other hand, human beings apply their intelligence to ____________ societies and laws to prevent the act of killing other people. (create)49.Hours of playing violent video games can affect the way the brain works, ____________ damage to certain cells of brain and slowing brain activity. (cause)习题—时态与语态1.Sally ____________ (write) a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she hasfinished it.2.If their marketing plans succeed, they ____________ (increase) their sales by 20 percent.3.--- Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time?--- Yes, since she ____________ (join)the Chinese Society.4.The first time we met in a cafe, both of us felt immediately that we ____________ (know)each other for years.5.I called Hannah many times last night, but I couldn't get through. Her brother ____________ (talk) on the phone all the time!6.--- Did you watch the baseball match yesterday!--- Yes, I did. You know, my roommate ____________ (play) in the match.7.Population experts predict that most people ____________ (live) in cities in the near future.8.The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front（冷锋）____________ (expect)to arrive.89.No decision ____________ (make) about any future appointment until all the candidateshave been interviewed.10.Officials say that few patients ____________ (infect) with the virus owing to the effectiveprevention.11.Great as Einstein was, many of his assumptions ____________ (challenge) today and modified by contemporary scientists.12.It is hard to believe that it has been 23 years since the last Superman movie ____________(come) out.13.--- Will you attend the meeting this evening?--- But I ____________ (not tell)anything about it.14.--- Why did you come by bus?--- My car broke down yesterday evening and I________ (not have) it repaired.15.According to China's Ministry of Health, HIV and AIDS cases in China ____________ (rise) by about 30% since 2005.16.Only one of the ancient wonders of the world still survives---now history lovers ____________ (invite) to choose a new list of Seven Wonders of the World.17.Oh, it’s you! I ____________ (not recognize) you. You look so different. When did you loseyour weight?18.She ____________ (work) in a school for three years before she became a graduate studenttwo months ago.19.--- You could have asked Mr. Johnson for help. He is kind-hearted--- I forgot that. A whole day ____________ (waste).20.The woman writer and Oscar Award candidate ____________ just ____________ (turn) outa collection of short stories.21.Let us take a serious, reasonable look at what the result will be if such a proposal____________ (accept).22.So far this year, no measures ____________ (take) against cruelty to animals despite their protest in the newspaper.923.Restaurants, clothing stores and book stores __________ (prohibit) from providing free plastic shopping bags.24.Vast amounts of money ____________ (invest) in the stock market, but it returns little.25.By the time the canal ____________ (open) in 1914, the more than 50-mile-long project ____________ (cost) the United States more than $350 million and employed tens of thousands of people from around the world.26.The US president-elect Barrack Obama ____________ (work) in the state of Illinois before he stepped onto the national political stage.27.The number of deaths from smoking-related diseases will be reduced greatly if people ____________ (persuade) to stop smoking at home and in public.28.I’m sorry. We don't have enough teaching materials to go around. I ____________ (not expect) so many people would attend the lecture.29.--- Alice’s computer____________ (go) wrong though she used it only once.--- You’d better go and check it.30.My mind wasn't on what he was saying so I'm afraid I ____________ (miss) half of it.31.To our surprise, the concert prepared by the students turned out more successful thanwe ____________ (think).32.No matter how good the finished product is, if it’s not correctly priced it ____________(not sell).33.It is reported that new medicines and instruments ____________ (develop) every day toextend life.34.He kept a little notebook, in which ____________ (write) the names and addresses of hisfriends.35.--- Oh, dear. I forgot the air tickets.--- You ____________ always ____________ (leave)something.36.--- I dropped in at your house at about ten last night, but you weren’t in.--- Oh, I ____________ (do) regular exercises at the club.37.--- Is Tom still smoking?--- No. By next Saturday he ____________ (go) for a whole month without smoking a single10cigarette.38.--- I will come to attend your lecture at 10:00 tomorrow.--- I’m sorry, by then my lecture will have ended and I ____________ (meet) my guests in my office.39.Flexible working time with emphasis on more efficiency ____________ (introduce) in some companies, and it is welcomed by most employees.40.Even today, Bill still remembers how he and Hilary first met some 20 years ago. At that time, she ____________ (study) law at Yale.41.By the time you have completed the essential training, you ____________ (expose) to virtually every new feature of the course.42.Customers are asked to make sure that they ____________ (give) the right change beforeleaving the shop.43.--- If the traffic hadn't been so heavy, l could have been back by 6 o’clock.--- What a pity! Your sister ____________ (be) here to see you.44.Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990’s, when people ____________ (begin) to enjoy the advantage of this new technology.45.Since the 1960’s, Mr. Rosario ____________ (provide) blind people in Malaysia and Singapore with a precious service — a library of Braille books.46.Although he ____________ in America for a long time, he’s never regretted his making his mind to return to his own country.47.--- What’s wrong with your mobile telephone? I can’t get through.--- Oh, the communication company cut off my line because I ____________ (not pay) my charge.48.Sitting over there was the student who they thought ____________ (select) to speak at theopening ceremony.49.He did not arrive until the meeting was nearly over, for he ____________ (fall) asleep while watching television.11。
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非谓语动词十大解题原则非谓语动词主要包括to do, -ing和-ed三种形式，可是其用法非常广泛，它不仅是高考单项选择题测试的一个重点，而且也是完形填空、阅读理解、短文改错的重要考查内容。
为了能更好地掌握非谓语动词的用法，笔者在教学实践中总结出十条实用的解题原则，并且还用相关的题目来解释这些原则。
根据这些原则，相信同学们可以轻松地应对非谓语动词。
原则一、两个句子必须要用连词连接，如果没有连词连接，则需要用非谓语动词例1. _________ many times, but he still coul dn’t understand it.A. Having been toldB. Having toldC. He had been toldD. Though he had been told例2．_________ many times, he still couldn’t understand it.A. Having been toldB. Having toldC. He had been toldD. Though he had told解析：例1中有连词but连接，表明前后都是句子，所以答案为C。
例2中后面是一个句子，而且没有连词，所以前面不是句子，应该用非谓语动词，根据句意此处为被动，所以答案为A。
原则二、不及物动词无-ed形式非谓语动词，及物动词有宾语时用-ing形式，无宾语时用-ed形式例3. ____________ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.A. Having lostB. LostC. Being lostD. Losing解析：lose为及物动词，现在后面没有宾语，所以用-ed形式，答案为B。
例4. __________, I really believe that I’d prefer not to make any change now.A. Considered all the possibilitiesB. Taking all the possibilities into considerationC. Taken all the possibilities into considerationD. Giving all the possibilities解析：把。
考虑进来结构为take sth into consideration，现在take后面有宾语all the possibilities，所以用-ing形式，答案为B。
原则三、being done 表示“正在被”，一般不作状语，只作定语。
非谓语动词的完成时形式to have done或having done强调该动作发生在句子谓语动词之前例5. __ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.A. FailB. FailedC. To failD. Having failed解析：根据句意“我们没有打通电话，就给他们发了个邮件”，没有打通电话应该发生在发邮件之前，所以用having done，答案为D。
例6. Tim Bemers-Lee is generally considered _____ the World Wide Web, on which all the information is shared by all.A. to have foundedB. having foundedC. foundingD. to found解析：根据句意，Tim Bemers-Lee创立万维网应该是过去的事情，而且be considered 后面应该用动词不定式，所以应该用to have done，答案为A。
原则四、非谓语动词作定语时，表示将来用-to do，表正在进行用-ing，表示已经完成用-ed例7. The play_____ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture．A．produced B．being producedC．to be produced D．having been produced解析：根据本题中的时间状语next month，可知the play将要于下月被创作出来，表将来应该用to do，所以答案为C。
例8.The trees _____ in the storm have been moved off the road.A. being blown downB. blown downC. blowing downD. to blow down解析：根据句意“被暴风雨刮倒的树已经从路上移走了”，树被刮倒是过去已经完成的动作，表已经完成用-ed形式，所以答案为B。
原则五、介词后跟-ing形式，可以在-ing前加逻辑主语例9. The discovery of new evidence led to ______________.A. the thief having been caughtB. the thief to be caughtC. catch the thiefD. the thief being caught解析：本题led to中的to是介词，后面应该用-ing形式，the thief作-ing的逻辑主语，所以答案为D。
例10. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ____ could be heard outside the classroom.A. opened and closedB. to be opened and closedC. being opened and closedD. to open and close解析：本题the noise of中的of是介词，后面应该用-ing形式，desks作-ing的逻辑主语，所以答案为C。
原则六、-ing形式或to do可作主语或宾语，-ed形式则不可以例11. ___________ in a heavy traffic jam is quite an unpleasant experience.A. CaughtB. Having caughtC. Being caughtD. To catch解析：本题中is为系动词，前面应该作主语，用-ing形式，所以答案为C。
例12 ___twice a year, whether it is a car or a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey in this city.A. ExaminingB. ExaminedC. Being examinedD. Having been examined解析：本题中is为系动词，前面应该作主语，用-ing形式，所以答案为C。
原则七、be+-ed+介词结构常可把be去掉保留-ed+介词做状语例13Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, ______with his old one.A. comparingB. comparesC. to compareD. compared解析：“和。
相比较”结构为be compared with，现在做句子的状语，所以只保留非谓语动词，把动词be去掉，答案为D。
例14 _______ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.A. To faceB. Having facedC. FacedD. Facing解析：“面对”结构为be faced with, 现在做句子的状语，所以只保留非谓语动词，把动词be去掉，答案为C。
原则八、非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致，和句子主语构成主谓关系时用-ing形式，构成动宾关系是用-ed形式。
其逻辑主语和句子主语不一致时，要在非谓语动词前加逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构例15．____ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog.A. Being bittenB. BittenC. Having bittenD. To be bitten解析：本题考查非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语应和句子主语the postman一致，the postman应该是被咬，所以答案为B。
例16._______ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.A. To walk.B. WalkingC. WalkedD. Having walked解析：本题考查非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语应和句子主语he一致, he 和walk应该是主动关系，所以答案为B。
例17. While watching television, __________.A. the doorbell rangB. the doorbell ringsC. we heard the doorbell ringD. we heard the doorbell rings解析：根据“非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致”的原则，watching 的逻辑主语应和后面句子主语一致，所以句子主语应为“we”，答案为C。
例18. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons ____ for the day.A. finishingB. finishedC. had finishedD. were finished解析：本题没有连词，所以后面应用非谓语动词，the lessons是非谓语动词的逻辑主语，和非谓语动词构成独立主格结构。
根据句意应是“被完成”，所以答案为B。
原则九、不定式做状语一般有两种：目的状语和出乎意料的结果状语（表示顺其自然的结果用-ing形式）。
另外，某些形容词（表喜、怒、哀、乐）做表语后跟不定式可以表示原因例19．_____, you need to give all you have and try your best.A. Being a winnerB. To be a winnerC. Be a winnerD. Having been a winner解析：根据句意“要想成为获胜者，你要付出所有，尽最大努力”，此处表目的，所以答案为B。