12语法主语
初中英语语法备考大全 专题12 句子成分
专题12 句子成分◎主语◎谓语◎表语◎宾语◎宾语补足语◎定语◎状语◎同位语构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子有主要成分和次要成分。
主要成分有主语和谓语，次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语和同位语。
一、主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体。
主语一般位于句首，但在there be 结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
可以充当主语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等。
如：Wang Ming is a famous scientist. 王明是著名的科学家。
Who is the man standing by the door? 站在门旁的那个人是谁？Two plus three is five. 二加三等于五。
It is useful for us to master a foreign language. 对我们来说，掌握一门外语很重要。
Smoking does harm to the health. 吸烟有害健康。
The rich should help the poor. 富人应该帮助穷人。
Whether he will come to the meeting is unknown. 他是否来参加会议还不知道。
二、谓语谓语是主语所发出的动作或存在的状态和特征。
谓语可由一个动词或动词短语构成，可由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成，也可由系动词加表语构成。
如：She takes good care of her mother.她细心照料她的母亲。
He has got rid of his bad habit.他已经改掉了他的坏习惯。
You may keep the book for two weeks.这本书你可以借两周。
You'd better not take the magazine out of the reading-room.你最好不要把这本杂志拿出阅览室。
高考英语总复习 高考语法与写作 专题12 句子成分划分与长难句分析教学案 外研版-外研版高三全册英语
专题十二 句子成分划分与长难句分析一、学会划分句子成分1．句子成分从句法功能的角度讲，句子成分有主要成分和次要成分，主要成分有主语(从句)和谓语；次要成分有宾语(从句)、表语(从句)、定语(从句)、状语(从句)、补足语和同位语(从句)。
请看下面句子成分的分析，并注意这些句子成分在句子中的位置。
①主语＋谓语结构(主语＋不及物动词)(2018·某某联考)在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。
Great changes 主语have taken place 谓语in my hometown in the past ten years.②主语＋谓语＋宾语结构(主语＋及物动词＋宾语)(2018·某某第一次诊断)我也注意到他们总是看起来穿的不错，并且总是使得头发和妆容做的很好。
I 主语also noticed 谓语that they always seemed to dress well ，宾语and_always_had_their_hair_and_make_up_done.③主语＋系动词＋表语结构(主语＋系动词＋主语补语)(2018·“五个一名校联盟”)由于暴风雨大约200多人失去家园。
Over 200 people 主语becam e 系动词homeles s 表语 as a result of the storm.④双宾语结构(主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语)(2018·某某调研测试)当轮到我们组的时候，我们为每一个人做了简单的一顿饭。
When it was our team's turn, w e 主语made 双宾动词a simple dinner 直接宾语for everyone 间接宾语.⑤复合宾语结构(主语＋宾补动词＋宾语＋宾语补语)(2018·某某联考)学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。
The school 主语made 宾补动词it 宾语a rule 宾语补语that the students should stand up when class begins.2．主语——谓语动作的发出者或某种状态的主体主语是句子的主体，用于说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者，除倒装句外，一般位于句子的开头。
大学英语语法之主语
大学英语语法之主语1、主语：(1)由名词、代词(人称代词用主格)、动词不定式、动名词等充当,说明动作是“谁”发出的，主语是句子陈述的对象，说明是谁或什么，表示句子说的是“什么人”，或”什么事“，如“我写字”中的“我”，做出写字这个动作。
“写”则是谓语，“字”是宾语，是接受谓语“写”这个动作的对象，因此是宾语。
如：The painter painted a very nice picture. (画家画了一幅美丽的画。
) / They fought against SARS bravely. (他们英勇地与非典搏斗。
) / To see is to believe. (耳听为虚眼见为实). / Helping animals is to help people. (关心动物就是关心人类。
)(2)动词不定式或动名词做主语时可用it代替,而不定式或动名词移至表语或宾语之后。
如：It is very comfortable to have a Class A seat during the long journey. (在长途旅行中能有个甲等座位简直太愉快轻松了。
) / Eating too much is bad for your health.(=It is bad for your health eating too much.) (吃得太多对你的身体不利。
)(比较好看，避开头重脚轻)(3)口语中常见主语或“主--系”省略：(It is) nothing. ((那)没有什么。
)/ (It) doesn’t matter. ((那)没有关系。
) / (I) thank you. ((我)感谢你。
)(4)反意问句的附加问句,主语必需是代词：The man looksworried, doesn’t he? (这个人看上去很焦急不是吗?) / Tigers are dangerous animals, aren’t they? (老虎是危急的动物不是吗?)(5)祈使句一般省略主语。
中考英语专题12 主谓一致(解析版)
专题12 主谓一致本章节内容 1. 语法一致原则2.意义一致原则3.就近原则一、语法一致原则主语和谓语通常是在语法形式上取得一致,即主语是单数形式时,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语是复数形式时,谓语动词也采用复数形式。
1.当and连接两个或多个名词或both...and...连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
Tom and Mike are good friends.Tom和Mike是好朋友。
Both Lucy and Lily are students.Lucy和Lily都是学生。
2.either,neither,each one,the other,another,anybody,anyone,anything,someone,somebody,something,everyone, everybody,everything,nobody,no one,nothing等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Is there anything wrong with your bike?你的自行车有什么毛病吗?Everyone is ready for the sports meeting.大家都为运动会做好了准备。
3.each,each...and each...,every...and every...作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Each boy and each girl was given a new book.每个男孩和女孩都收到了一本新书。
4.在下列结构中,谓语动词的形式和前面的A部分保持一致。
A++B+谓语动词+...1.The boy together with his parents goes to the museum once a week.那个男孩同他的父母一起每周去一次博物馆。
2.The captain,as well as the other players,was tired.队长还有其他运动员都感到累了。
英语语法主语,谓语,宾语,定语,状语,补语
英语语法主语,谓语,宾语,定语,状语,补语主语可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy)，主格代词(如you)，动词不定式，动名词等。
主语一般在句首。
注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!谓语谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。
不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come.宾语宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’，如：me，him，them等。
定语定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。
定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。
若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时，(如：something、nothing);或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常置后。
副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。
状语状语又称副词性成分。
状语一般是为谓语动词服务的，表示谓语动词发生的背景，说明地点、时间、原因、结果、目的、让步、条件、方向、程度、比较、方式和伴随状况等。
由于状语用来修饰谓语动词，因此具有副词词性。
状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式等担当。
其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。
副词是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的词，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。
补语英语补语的作用对象是主语和宾语，具有鲜明的定语性描写或限制性功能，在句法上市不可或缺的。
补语是起补充说明作用的成分，最常见的是宾语补足语。
名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作宾语补足语。
英语语法 什么是主语
英语语法什么是主语主语（Subject）是句子中的核心成分，它通常是一个名词、代词或名词短语，用来说明句子的主要主题或动作的执行者。
主语在句子中起着非常重要的作用，它决定了动词的形式和一致性，并帮助我们理解句子的意思。
主语的识别可以通过以下几个方面来进行：1. 句子的核心：主语通常是句子的核心，它与动词形成主谓关系，即主语是动作的执行者或者是状态的拥有者。
-例句1：John is playing football.（约翰正在踢足球。
）在这个句子中，主语是John，他是动作playing的执行者。
2. 谁做了什么：主语通常回答了句子的关键问题，即谁做了什么。
-例句2：The cat is sleeping.（猫正在睡觉。
）在这个句子中，主语是The cat，它回答了谁正在做什么。
3. 动词的一致性：主语和动词在人称和数方面必须保持一致。
-例句3：She plays the piano.（她弹钢琴。
）在这个句子中，主语是She，它与动词plays保持了单数的一致性。
主语的类型：1. 名词主语（Noun Subject）：主语是一个名词，可以是具体的人、物或抽象的概念。
-例句4：The dog is barking.（狗在叫。
）在这个句子中，主语是The dog，它是一个名词。
2. 代词主语（Pronoun Subject）：主语是一个代词，用来代替具体的人或物。
-例句5：They are coming to the party.（他们要来参加派对。
）在这个句子中，主语是They，它是一个代词。
3. 名词短语主语（Noun Phrase Subject）：主语是一个名词短语，包括一个名词和它的修饰语。
-例句6：The tall man with a beard is my uncle.（那个留着胡子的高个子男人是我的叔叔。
）在这个句子中，主语是The tall man with a beard，它是一个名词短语。
初一下册英语第十二单元讲义unit 12 语法篇
Unit 12语法篇感叹句是用来表达人的特殊情感的句子，可以表达人的喜、怒、哀、乐等感情色彩。
感叹句可以是一个单词、一个不定式短语、一个由短语构成的独立句，也可以是由what\how引导的句子，句末常用“！”。
1.what引导的感叹句（1）What+a\an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语！What a beautiful girl she is！（2）What+形容词+可数名词的复数形式+主语+谓语！What important jobs they have done!（3）What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！What sweet water it is!2.how引导的感叹句（1）How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语！How interesting the dog is!（2）How+形容词+a\an+可数名词单数形式+主语+谓语！How useful a subject it is!（3）How+主语+谓语！How time flies!3.一些特殊形式的感叹句（1）在陈述句、祈使句或疑问句句尾加感叹号变为感叹句，表示某种强烈的感情。
He runs so fast!（2）用一个词或词组表达强烈感情的句子也是感叹句Wonderful!（3）以there,here等副词开头的感叹句。
There he is!选择疑问句提出两种或两种以上的情况，要求对方选择一种情况回答的问句叫选择疑问句。
选择疑问句中的两种或两种以上的情况用or连接，回答时不能使用yes或no,而要用一个完整的句子或其省略形式。
读选择疑问句时，语调一般是前升后降。
选择疑问句可以分为一般选择疑问句和特殊选择疑问句两种。
（1）一般选择疑问句：一般疑问句+or+被选择部分？--Do you like apples or bananas?--I like apples.（2）特殊选择疑问句：特殊疑问句，+A or B？--Which would you like better,tea or coffee?--Coffee better.单项选择1.__________great courage he showed!A.WhatB.What aC.How aD.How2.__________exciting news it is!A.WhatB.What anC.HowD.How an3.--__________a lovely girl she is!--So she is!A.WhatB.What aC.HowD.How a4.--Do you like listening pop music__________classic music?--Classic musicA.andB.orC.soD.but5.--__________do you like better,football or basketball?--Basketball.A.WhichB.WhereC.WhyD.What单项选择1. __________fast runner she is!A.WhatB.What aC.HowD.How a2.__________great picture!A.WhatB.What aC.HowD.How a3.__________bad weather it is!We can’t go boating.A.WhatB.What aC.HowD.How a4.--Can you tell me it is a dog_________a bear?--A dog.A.andB.orC.soD.but5.--__________do you want to visit,America or Canada?--Canada.A.WhichB.WhereC.WhyD.What单项选择1.__________a beautiful car it is!I have never seen it before.A.HowB.WhenC.WhoD.What2.--__________ it is today!--Yes,shall we go fishing?A.How fine weatherB.What fine weatherC.What a fine weatherD.How fine the weather3.--__________fine day!Shall we go for a walk?--That sounds great!A.WhatB.What aC.HowD.How a4.__________delicious the dish is!A.WhatB.What anC.HowD.How an5.__________ good time we had during the May Day holiday!A.HowB.WhereC.WhoD.What6.Who is your maths teacher,Lee_________Wang?A.andB.orC.soD.but7._________excited they are!A.WhatB.What anC.HowD.How an8.--_________is your maths teacher,Lee or Wang?--LeeA.WhoB.WhatC.WhenD.Where9.--It is said that a foreign teacher will teacher will teach us English next term.--Wow!__________!A.What an excited newsB.What a exciting newsC.How excited the news isD.How exciting news10.--Whose book is it,Lucy’s__________Lily’s?--Lily’sA.andB.orC.soD.but完形填空Probably you have seen photos of the Grand Canyon. But you must go there 1 to feel its size and beauty. The Grand Canyon is one of the greatest 2 wonders of the world.The Colorado River made the Grand Canyon over millions of years. Slowly, the river cut down 3 hard rocks. At the same time, the land was 4 . Today the canyon is very 5 . It’s also very 6 , about 20 kilo-meres. And 7 its height, there are different kinds of plants and animals on both sides of the canyon.The canyon looks different at different times of the day, and 8 different seasons and weather. At sunrise, the red, gold, brown and orange colors of the rocks are 9 clear and bright. Whether you see the Grand Canyon from the top or the bottom, it will be a(n) 10 that you will never forget.1. A. you B. your C. yours D. yourself2. A. natural B. modern C. ancient D. national3. A. along B. through C. across D. past4. A. rise B. rising C. rose D. risen5. A. more B. dangerous C. deep D. low6. A. long B. deep C. high D. wide7. A. as a result B. because of C. thanks to D. thanks for8. A. in B. on C. at D. for9. A. especially B. friendly C. hardly D. differently10. A. interview B. trip C. visit D. experience单项选择：1.__________good advice!A.WhatB.What anC.HowD.How an2.__________bad weather it is!We had better stay at home.A.WhatB.What aC.HowD.How a3.__________sweet music!A.WhatB.What aC.HowD.How a4.Playing games__________much time,I think.A.spendsB.takesesD.pays5.My family usually__________ music at the concert on holiday.A.listenB.hearC.hear ofD.listen to6.Mozart wrote__________piece of music for the classic orchestra.A.hundredB.hundreds ofC.hundred ofD.hundreds7.The boy works_________harder than his elder sister.A.evenB.veryC.prettyD.quite8.Sorry,I can’t play __________ basketball with you this afternoon.My father asked me to stay at home and play __________guitar.A.The,theB.\,\C.the,\D.\,the9.She can sing very well.She has a beautiful __________ .A.soundB.noiseC.voiceD.cry10.He will come here on time,__________?A.won’t heB.will heC.doesn’t heD.is he完形填空：Johnny Sylvester, eleven years old, was in bed in the hospital. A few days ago, when he was __1__in a football game, he fell and his head hit the ground. The doctors thought he might ___2____get well.“He seems to have given up hope. So medicine won’t ___3__. Maybe he needs something else,” said one of the doctors. “When I visit Johnny, all he ever says is that he would like to __4___ Babe Ruth.”To meet Babe Ruth, of course, was not possible. Babe Ruth was as important a man in America ___5___the president himself, and he was the most famous baseball player in the game.The next day Johnny’s father managed to __6__Babe Ruth about the story of Johnny on the phone.Twenty-four hours later, when Johnny lay in his ___7___room, in walked Babe Ruth. Young Johnny couldn’t believe it really was Babe.Babe Ruth sat down at Johnny’s bedside and said, “Now listen, kid, you’ve got to get well. I’ve bought you a new American League baseball. You must start ___8____it”Sylvester just stayed there, saying nothing.For Johnny this was the beginning of a new life, one he thought he would never __9__. To his doctors’ __10__, young Sylvester walked out of the hospital on his own a few weeks later. He was also able to live a healthy life---all because of the present of Babe Ruth.1. A. playing B. swimming C. riding D. growing2. A. always B. often C. usually D. never3. A. win B. do C. eat D. drink4. A. feed B. read C. meet D. defeat5. A. as B. than C. if D. until6. A. say B. speak C. tell D. talk7. A. hospital B. school C. village D. farm8. A. reading B. sweeping C. throwing D. making9. A. refuse B. see C. send D. agree10. A. experience B. opinion C. advice D. surprise阅读理解ASeveral summers ago, Joe Smith, the coach of a football team, and his family were spending their holiday in a small town. One rainy afternoon, it was impossible for them to go out to do anything interesting, so the family decided to go to the cinema. Joe, his wife and their children walked down to the town’s only cinema, bought tickets and went into the hall. The lights were still on, and there were just six other people there. As Joe entered, some of them saw him and started clapping (鼓掌).Joe gave th em a smile and turned to his wife. “Aha, I can’t believe they know me and I’m getting a warm welcome here,” he said, “I guess they saw my games on TV.”They sat down and then a young man came over and reached out his hand to shake hands with Joe. “Thanks a lot,” replied the coach, “I just can’t believe you know who I am.” The man looked puzzled (困惑的). “All I know,” replied the man, “is that they would not show the film until at least ten people bought tickets.”1. Joe and his family decided to go to the cinema because _________.A. they enjoyed seeing films in a small townB. it was impossible for Joe and his team to have a football match that afternoonC. they wanted to try something new for a changeD. nothing else could interest them on a rainy afternoon2. When Joe and his family got to the cinema __________.A. all the tickets had been sold outB. the film had been on for quite some timeC. people in the cinema were waiting anxiously (焦急地)D. everyone in the cinema was clapping3. How did Joe feel when he was given such a warm welcome?A. He felt surprisedB. He felt worriedC. He felt proudD. He felt both surprised and proud4. How many children did Joe have?A. At least oneB. At least twoC. At least threeD. At least five5. Why did the people in the cinema welcome Joe and his family so warmly?A. Because he was the coach of a football teamB. Because he and his family were new-comers in the small townC. Because they had seen Joe’s games on TVD. Because they could not see the film until enough people had arrivedBIn the big cities of Europe and America — London, Paris, New York, people are moving out of the city. They are usually rich families with much money, and they want to live a quieter life. They are tired of the noises and the dirty air of the city, tired of the crowded streets, crowded trains and buses. They don’t want to sit in traffic any more. They want a house with a garden, and clean air that is not polluted.So they move ou t. Some don’t move very far, just a little way out of the city, to the towns near the cities. Other people move to real countryside, with sheep, cows and horses, and green fields! There, they start new lives and try to make new friends.Not all those who move from the city to the countryside are happy. After two or three years, many people feel that it was a big mistake. There isn’t much to do. Country people are very different and aren’talways friendly.As a result, quite a lot of people move back to the city. “It’s wonderful to see crowds in the streets and cinema lights,” they say. “I’m so glad I’m back in the city!”1. Some city people move out of their city because of _____.A. crowds and pollutionB. friendly neighborhoodsC. making moneyD. cows and sheep2. Why do some people move back to the city again? Because _____.A. they can breathe fresh and clean airB. there are big shops and cinema lightsC. they still want to live their city lifeD. they can make many new friends3. Which of the following sentence is wrong according to the passage?A. Many people love their city’s colorful life.B. They enjoy seeing animals in the country.C. All the people move out far from the city.D. Sometimes country people are not friendly.CYou are watching a film in which two men are having a fight. They hit one another hard. At the start they only fight with their hands. But soon they begin hitting one another over the heads with chairs. And so it goes on until one of the men crashes (撞击) through a window and falls thirty feet to the ground below. He is dead！Of course he isn't really dead. With any luck he isn't even hurt. Why? Because the men who fall out of high windows or jump from fast moving trains, who crash cars of even catch fire, are well trained. They do this for a living. These men are called stuntmen. That is to say, they perform tricks (花招，手段). Here are two sides to their work. They do most of the things you see on the screen. For example, they fall from a high building. However, they do not fall on to hard ground but on to empty cardboard boxes covered with a mattress (床垫). Again, when they hit one another with chairs, the chairs are made of soft wood and when they crash through windows, the glass is made of sugar! But although their work depends on trick of this sort, it also requires a high degree of skill and training. Often a stuntman success depends on careful timing. For example, when he is "blown up" in a battle scene, he has to jump out of the way of theexplosion just at the right moment.Naturally stuntmen are well paid for their work, but they lead dangerous lives. They often get seriously hurt, and sometimes killed. A Norwegian stuntman, for example, flew over the edge of a cliff (悬崖) a thousand feet high. His parachute (降落伞) failed to open, and he was killed. Although it is full of deadly dangers, this is no longer the work for men only. Men no longer dress up as women when actresses have to perform some dangerous actions. For nowadays there are stuntman too！1. Stuntmen are those who ______.A. often dress up as famous actorsB. prefer to lead dangerous livesC. often perform dangerous actionsD. often fight each other for their lives2. What’s the meaning of the underlined sentences in the first paragraph?A stuntman should _______.A. crash bravely though a window made of sugarB. do the well-planned activity at a very momentC. open his parachute when he jumps down the cliffD. have got a high degree of skill and training3. Which could probably the best title of this passage?A. Fights in the Movies.B. Crashing Out of the Window.C. Exciting Films Today.D. Most Dangerous Work.。
英语12个语法顺口溜大全集
口诀1 英语的词类•句子要由词组成，英语词类有十种：•句中成分用实词，名、代、动、副、数、形容；•冠、介、连词和感叹，虚词附加或沟通。
•词类功能掌握了，造句之时好运用。
口诀2 名词的所有格•名词所有格，表物是“谁的”，•若为生命词，加“’s”即可行，•词尾有s，仅把逗号择；•并列名词后，各自和共有，•前者分别加，后者最后加；•若为无生命词，of所有格，•前后须倒置，此是硬规则。
【妙语诠释】•有生命的名词所有格一般加s，但如果名词以s结尾，则只加“’”；•并列名词所有格表示各自所有时，分别加“’s”，如果是共有，则只在最后名词加“’s”；•如果是无生命的名词则用of表示所有格，这里需要注意它们的顺序与汉语不同，A of B要翻译为B的A。
口诀3 名词变复数•单数变为复数式，加上“s”统言之。
•下列结尾名词后，要加“s”先加“e”：•发音[∫][t∫][s]和[z]，或是辅音加“o”时。
•有些名词变复数，词尾变化要注意：•“y”前字母是辅音，一律变“y”为“ie”；•遇到“f / fe”，有时需要变“ve”少数名词不规则，特别情况靠硬记。
口诀4 -f或-fe结尾的名词的复数形式•妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌；•躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光。
【妙语诠释】九个以上-f（s）结尾的名词：wife（妻子），knife（小刀），wolf（狼），thief（小偷），shelf（架子），self（自己），life（生命），half（一半），leaf（树叶）。
这九个词变复数时，都是改-f（e）为ve再加-s。
由self构成的复合词，其变化与self相同（如myself→ourselves；yourself→yourselves；himelf，herself，itself→themselves）。
勇敢的妻子（wife）亲自（oneself）拿刀（knife）把狼（wolf）赶走，救回小牛（calf）半（half）条命（life）,又把躲在葡萄架(shelf)下树叶（leaf）中的小偷（thief）抓到。
英汉语比较与翻译12 主题与主语 13年6月5日
主语突出和话题突出 Subject-prominent language VS Topic-prominent language
英汉语主语的类型
• 英语里通常所说的主语是指语法主语，是句子中与谓语 相对存在的成分，它在句子中一般位于主要动词之前， 要求谓语动词与之保持一致关系，并需要谓语动词有所 陈述，即主语是谓语陈述的对象，用来说明谓语所陈述 的是“谁”或“什么”。主语总是动词的一个论元 （argument)，它表明动词所表示的动作、经历和状态 等等的方向或着眼点。
• Getting up early is considered a good habit. (gerund) • To see is to believe. (infinitive) • What I wanted to find out first was how long it was going to take. • His anger over the boy’s failure in the exam led him to quarrel with his wife. • That he was an American citizen did not seem to matter to the immigration.
• 就是在这儿丢了钱包。 It is here that the purse was lost.
• 必须指出，到目前为止还没有对此采取任何措施。 It must be pointed out that nothing has been done about it so far.
• 与汉译英时相反，当把带有形式主语 it 的英语句子译 成汉语时，常常可以采取无主句，有时也可采取泛指主 语。如 • It is sixty miles to the next station. • 离下一站有60英里。 • It is hoped that Shenzhen will establish friendly relations with more foreign cities in the future. • 希望今后深圳能够与更多的外国城市结为友好城市。
英语语法12之状语从句
一、时间状语从句
①when引导的从句有时表示“突然”、“忽然”或“（正在）这时”的意思。这时 when=and then,just then.从句通常置于句末。从句中的谓语动词通常用一般过 去时；主句一般用过去进行时，过去完成时或be about to。 举例：We discussed the shipping date till 3 o’clock,when the customer call on us.
一、时间状语从句
9.as soon as （一......就）,as/so long as（在......期间，......之久）引导的时间状 语从句。 举例：I will let you know where I go as soon as I know myself.
I will work as long as I live. [注]so long as较常用，语气比as long as强些。 10.no sooner ...... than,hardly/scarcely/barely ......when/before引导的时间状 语从句，表示从句谓语的动作紧接着主句谓语的动作发生，意思是“刚刚...... 就”“立即”。从句多用一般过去时，主句常用过去完成时。 举例：I had no sooner done it than I regretted it.
It is five weeks since he has smoked （抽烟已经五个星期了） ②ever since引导的从句，即使谓语是持续性动词或状态动词用一般过去时， 仍然表示从句的动作或状态延续至今 举例：The man has lived in this old house ever since he was born.
初一英语期末必考12个语法知识点
初一英语期末必考12个语法知识点初一英语期末必考12个语法知识点一. 动词be(is,am,are)的用法我(I)用am, 你(you)用are，is跟着他(he)、她(she)、它(it)。
单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。
变否定，更容易，be后not加上去。
变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。
还有一条须注意，句首大写莫忘记。
二. this，that和it用法(1)this和that是指示代词，it是人称代词。
(2)距离说话人近的人或物用this, 距离说话人远的人或物用that。
如：This is a flower. 这是一朵花。
(近处)That is a tree. 那是一棵树。
(远处)(3)放在一起的两样东西，先说this, 后说that。
如：This is a pen. That is a pencil. 这是一支钢笔。
那是一支铅笔。
(4)向别人介绍某人时说This is…, 不说That is…。
如：This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom. 这是海伦。
海伦，这是汤姆。
(5)This is 不能缩写, 而That is可以缩写。
如：This is a bike. That’s a car. 这是一辆自行车。
那是一辆轿车。
(6)打电话时，介绍自己用this, 询问对方用that。
如：—Hello! Is that Miss Green? 喂，是格林小姐吗?—Yes, this is. Who’s that? 是的，我是，你是谁?注意：虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你”，但英语中打电话时绝不可以说：I am…, Are you…?/Who are you?(7)在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时, 要用it代替this或that。
如：①—Is this a notebook? 这是笔记本吗?—Yes, it is. 是的，它是。
②—What’s that? 那是什么?—It’s a kite. 是只风筝。
英语12种时态的语法公式
下面是英语中12种常用时态的语法公式：
1.现在简单时（Present Simple）:
主语 + 动词原形（第三人称单数在动词后面加-s/-es）
2.过去简单时（Past Simple）:
主语 + 动词过去式
3.将来简单时（Future Simple）:
主语 + will + 动词原形
4.现在进行时（Present Continuous）:
主语 + am/is/are + 动词-ing
5.过去进行时（Past Continuous）:
主语 + was/were + 动词-ing
6.将来进行时（Future Continuous）:
主语 + will be + 动词-ing
7.现在完成时（Present Perfect）:
主语 + have/has + 过去分词
8.过去完成时（Past Perfect）:
主语 + had + 过去分词
9.将来完成时（Future Perfect）:
主语 + will have + 过去分词
10.现在完成进行时（Present Perfect Continuous）:
主语 + have/has been + 动词-ing
11.过去完成进行时（Past Perfect Continuous）:
主语 + had been + 动词-ing
12.将来完成进行时（Future Perfect Continuous）:
主语 + will have been + 动词-ing
这些语法公式可以帮助你构造各种不同的时态句子。
需要注意的是，英语中的时态使用还涉及时态的用法和特定句子结构的变化，因此需要进一步学习和练习以正确运用这些时态。
高中英语语法系统讲解之十二主谓一致
高中英语语法系统讲解之十二主谓一致主谓一致指的是句子的主语和谓语动词在人称和数上应保持一致，通常指的主谓一致是主语和谓语在单数和复数上的一致性。
一. 主谓一致的三个原则1. 语法一致原则主语单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式，即主语是单数，谓语用单数；主语是复数，谓语用复数。
如The number of errors is surprising.Two students are waiting for you in your office.2. 意义一致原则主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数；主语形式为复数，但意义上为单数，谓语动词用单数。
如The crowd were running for their lives.The news was very surprising.形复意单的单词有news，works（工厂），means和以ics结尾的学科名词politics，physics，economics 等。
3. 就近原则谓语动词的单复数取决于最靠近它的词语，主要体现在由or，either … or，neither… nor …，not only … but also等连接的主语及there be …句型中。
如Nither you nor I am wrong.There is a pen, five pencils and two pencilboxes on the table.二、谓语动词用单数形式的情况1、单个的不可数名词、单数名词（尽管后面跟着with，together with，along with，like，including，as wellas，in addition to，rather than，but，except，more than等连接的短语）作主语时，谓语动词用单数式。
如：The news is going about quickly in the small town.A woman with two children has come.Helen as well as I is eager to see the performance.You rather than I are going to go camping.2、one，no one，nobody，anyone，anybody，someone，somebody，one of，every，everyone，everybody，each，either，neither等用作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
英语语法主语,谓语,宾语,定语,状语,补语心得体会
初中英语中的主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语和表语辨析语法是理解英语逻辑的核心。
语法不好的同学，处理简单句尚可；遇到复杂句型时，就晕头转向了。
所以，要彻底读懂英语，必须在语法上下苦功夫。
（下图为：一个复合句中，所有的句子成分。
）第一：英语中的“主语”1. 主语的含义：主语即“动作的发出者”（主谓宾结构中）或者“表述的对象”（主系表结构中），一般放在句首，有时也放在中间或者句尾。
充当主语的可以是名词、代词；也可以是短语、不定式；甚至可以是整个句子。
所以，在找主语的时候，脑子里一定要有这些认知。
2. 充当主语的有哪些？（1）名词/代词/数词做主语（2）不定式/名词化短语做主语（3）从句做主语（即主语从句）从句做主语的句子，就是我们学过的“主语从句”。
主语从句可以由连词that/whether引导；也可以由关系代词what/who/which引导；还可以由连接副词how/when/why/where引导。
详情如下：（4）有时为了避免头重脚轻，经常会借助“it”充当形式主语，而真正的主语则放在句尾：（5）“There be …”句型“there be…”比较特殊。
在这种句型中，主语的位置在中间。
比如：There are six beautiful French ladies walking on the street.大街上有六位漂亮的法国女郎在散步。
第二：英语中的“谓语”1. 含义：谓语是句子的灵魂，主要用来“陈述主语的状态”或者“表明主语发出的动作”。
2. 分类：简单谓语复合谓语（1）简单谓语：由一个动词或者一个动词短语构成谓语；I love my girlfriend.我爱我的女朋友。
My boss stayed up late last night.我的老板昨晚熬夜了。
（2）复合谓语：①情态动词/助动词+动词构成②系动词+表语构成③情态动词+系动词：第三：英语中的“宾语”含义：宾语与主语相对，表示动作的承受者。
高考语法复习主语类型知识讲解(共12种)知识清单
高考英语主语类型知识讲解一、名词作主语Books are good panions.书是好伙伴。
London is populous.伦敦人口众多。
二、名词成语作主语1.名词+名词“Crocodile tears” means pretended sorrow.“鳄鱼的眼泪”是指假装悲伤。
The river bed is muddy.河床是泥泞的。
2.形容词+名词A queer fish is ing toward us.一条奇怪的鱼向我们游来。
A leap year es every fourth year.每四年有一个闰年。
3.名词所有格+名词Today is All Fool’s Day.今天是愚人节。
A cat’s paw may be a scapegoat.猫爪可能是替罪羊。
4.名词+介词+名词A fish out of water will die soon.鱼离开水很快就会死。
A Jack of all trades may be a goodfornothing.多面手可能一无是处。
5.名词+and+名词The ups and downs of life are familiar to my uncle.我叔叔对生活的起起落落很熟悉。
The long and short for story is this.故事的长话短说是这样的。
The Ministry of Education has issued an important ordinance. 教育部发布了一项重要的条例。
Guangdong Province is in the south of China.广东省在中国的南部。
三、代词作主语1.名词性物主代词+系动词+名词Mine is an unhappy family.我的家庭很不幸。
Hers is a car made in Germany.她的车是德国制造的。
We(=Our class) are full up.我们班已经满了。
英语语法 主语在句子中的作用是什么
英语语法主语在句子中的作用是什么主语（Subject）在句子中扮演着非常重要的角色。
它是一个名词、代词或名词短语，用来表示一个句子所讨论的人、物、动作或状态。
主语的作用是提供句子的核心信息，它决定了句子的主题和主要焦点。
下面是关于主语在句子中的作用的详细解释。
1. 表示句子的主题：主语是句子的主要焦点，它提供了句子所讨论的人、物、动作或状态的信息。
通过主语，读者可以快速了解句子所讨论的主题。
例句：- Dogs are loyal companions.（狗是忠诚的伴侣。
）在这个例句中，主语"Dogs"指的是句子的主题，即狗。
2. 执行动作的人或物：主语通常是执行动作或引起状态的人或物。
它告诉我们是谁在进行动作或产生影响。
例句：- John ate an apple.（约翰吃了一个苹果。
）在这个例句中，主语"John"执行了动作"ate"，即吃。
3. 与谓语动词的形式和一致性：主语决定了谓语动词的形式和一致性。
谓语动词需要与主语在人称和数方面保持一致。
例句：- She sings beautifully.（她唱得很美。
）在这个例句中，主语"She"是第三人称单数形式，因此谓语动词"sings"也是使用了第三人称单数形式。
4. 句子的主要信息：主语提供了句子的主要信息，它决定了句子的语义和意义。
在理解句子时，主语是非常重要的。
例句：- The cat is sleeping.（猫在睡觉。
）在这个例句中，主语"The cat"提供了句子的主要信息，即猫正在睡觉。
5. 句子的结构和语法：主语在句子的结构和语法中扮演着重要的角色。
它决定了句子的基本结构和其他成分的位置。
例句：- Running in the park makes me happy.（在公园跑步让我开心。
）在这个例句中，主语"Running in the park"是一个动名词短语，它在句子中充当了主语的作用。
12语法主语
主语的构成
名词； 代词； 数词； 不定式； 动名词(v-ing 作名词)； 词组； 名词性从句
名词做主语
1. The doctor looked over Mrs. Brown very carefully. 2. China does not want to copy the USA’s example. 3. A mooncake is a delicious, round cake. 4. The first truck is carrying a few baskets. 5. The temperature will stay above zero.
it作主语
It 作主语, 往往指代时间, 天气, 日期, 度量衡 等; 或指代前面所提到的事物; 或未知的人等。
Look at the house, it’s new.
It’s my fault.
It’s five o’clock.
It is raining heavily outside.
There 引导的句中的主语 There 引导的句子中的主语常位于 谓语后, 即用倒装。 There will be some audience who
不定式作主语
动词不定式表示比较具体的意义,
经常和特定的动作和执行者联系
起来,经常带时间或地点状语,
有时表示将要发生的动作。
1. To master a foreign language is no easy job. 2. To do it well is my earnest desire. 3. To see this film is to waste time. 4. To solve this problem is out of the question.
十二大英语语法体系
考研英语十二大基础语法体系对于任何英语句子，要分析其结构，这样才能找到英语语言的规律。
每种语言都有它的难点，汉语的难点在于汉语不是拼读语言，汉字很难写，而且有四种声调。
其实，许多接触过多种外语的人都认为，英语的语法比法语、德语、俄语、日语等都简单，是最容易学的。
著名语言学家乔姆斯基说过，语法是内生的、也就是随着语言的诞生而诞生的。
因此，学习语法和学习语言是相辅相成的。
一、英语动词的时态（一）英汉两种语言在时态表达方式上的差异：英语的词类与汉语的不同。
汉语词类形态稳定，比如“书”这个字，“一本书”、“三本书”都一样，没有词形变化。
英语就不同了，book, books仅从词形上就能知道是单数还是复数。
动词是英语中变化最多、最复杂的词类。
有人说，学好英语就是学好动词，此言甚是。
同一个动作或状态分别在不同时间发生或存在，表达这个动作或状态的动词就要用不同的形式，这就是时态。
（二）英语动词的形式：英语的时态是通过动词的变化来体现的。
因此，了解动词的形式及其变化规律非常重要。
英语的实义动词有以下五种形式：(1)动词原形：动词原形在句子中形式不变。
主要用于主语为非第三人称单数的一般现在时，情态动词之后，或根据语法规定必须用动词原形的其他情况。
(2) 一般现在时第三人称单数形式（简称现单三）：主要用于主语为第三人称单数的一般现在时。
(3) 过去式：主要用于一般过去时。
(4) 现在分词：主要用于进行时态，或语法规定的其他情况。
(5) 过去分词：主要用于完成时态，或语法规定的其他情况。
动词过去式和过去分词，大多数是动词原形+ ed 构成，这是规则动词。
规则动于发现不规则中的规则，即某些字母组合的不规则动词有一定的规律。
如：weep→wept, sleep→slept, sweep→swept英语动词所表示的动作在以上每个时间段中分别有四种状态：一般、进行、完成和完成进行。
因此我们便有了四四一十六个时态。
过去将来）及所处的状态（一般、进行、完成、完成进行）。
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数词做主语
1. One and two is three. 2. One is not enough for me. I want one more. 3. One of them is English. 4. Suddenly one of the bags fell off the truck. 5. Two will be enough.
The training is…
tough, tiring, stressful, … hard, painful, time/energy consuming, frightening, dangerous, skilful, systematic, organized, developmental, worthwhile, strict, …
主语的构成
名词； 代词； 数词； 不定式； 动名词(v-ing 作名词)； 词组； 名词性从句
名词做主语
1. The doctor looked over Mrs. Brown very carefully. 2. China does not want to copy the USA’s example. 3. A mooncake is a delicious, round cake. 4. The first truck is carrying a few baskets. 5. The temperature will stay above zero.
in 3minutes.
It is reported/known to all/ announced/
said...that从句
It is reported that Liuxiang quited the
compitition because he got injured in the leg. It is my brother that/ who won the first in the mid-term exam.
Early to bed and early to rise makes
a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
富人应该为社会的福利事业做更多的贡献。
The rich should contribute more to the world welfare.
主语从句
That he will come here on Wednesday is certain. Whether he will come here on Wednesday is not certain. 注意： 1. 从句作主语时, 就算是句子意思 完整, 都要加上引导词that。 2. 主语从句表示“是否” 只用“whether” 而不用“if”。
代词作主语
1. He is a teacher. 2. I don’t know if it will grow. 3. That’s a bit expensive. 4. You’d better buy a new pair. 5. I’m afraid we haven’t got any black shoes.
3. It was a huge _______________for accomplishment
her to be able to reach the top of the
mountain.
4. Some people have the ability to _______ others to try to achieve motivate their goals.
it作主语
It 作主语, 往往指代时间, 天气, 日期, 度量衡 等; 或指代前面所提到的事物; 或未知的人等。
Look at the house, it’s new.
It’s my fault.
It’s five o’clock.
It is raining heavily outside.
There 引导的句中的主语 There 引导的句子中的主语常位于 谓语后, 即用倒装。 There will be some audience who
不定式作主语
动词不定式表示比较具体的意义,
经常和特定的动作和执行者联系
起来,经常带时间或地点状语,
有时表示将要发生的动作。
1. To master a foreign language is no easy job. 2. To do it well is my earnest desire. 3. To see this film is to waste time. 4. To solve this problem is out of the question.
put forward their opinion against
the noise pollution.
---What’s made Tony so upset? ---I believe ________the game. It shocked him so much. A. for losing B. lost C. losing D. because of losing
动名词作主语
Being happy is better than being king. Worrying never does anyone good.
忧郁对任何人无益。
动名词作主语, 前面可加代词或 名词的所有格做其逻辑主语。
Yaoming’s rejoining in the team makes the teammate excited.
谓语常用单数形式。如：
To give is better than to receive. It was difficult to see. It’s best to wear cool clothes. Playing is much better than having classes.
词组作主语
动名词表示比较抽象(一般)和经常性的 意义,有时可同不定式互换。
1) Collecting stamps Swimming is a best sport in summer.
3) There is no telling what will happen. 4) There is no denying the fact.
adjusted to the fact that 5. She has _______
she will never win the 400 metre
swimming event.
2 Find words in the reading passage that are similar in meaning to the underlined words below. Write down the pairs of words.
1. He is _______ devoted to his wife and gives her anything she asks for.
approximate 2. Can you tell me the ____________
number of athletes in your club?
高三人教新课标版选修九
Unit 1 Breaking records
Learning about language
1 Complete the table and then choose a word to complete each sentence below. Verb Noun Adjective
The event is…
fascinating, exciting…
interesting, challenging, inspiring, thrilling, rewarding, worthwhile, demanding, frustrating, …
Grammar
Review of Subjects
1. usual 2. severe
3. sacred
5. hard
4. spirit
6. begged
7. truth
usual
severe
conventional tough spiritual soul
sacred
spirit hard
tough
urged reality
begged
truth
解析: 答案为C。What 在问句中做主语, 回答主语的问题只能用动名词结构与之 呼应, 其他各项不能做主语。
Choose the best answers.
1. It worried her a bit ____ B her
approximate approximation approximate
adjust
adjustment
ment
adjustable accomplished devoted/ing
accomplish accomplishdevote motivate
devotion
motivation
motivated/ing
动词不定式作主语时,常见的另 一种形式是在句首用先行代词it 作形式主语,而将动词不定式 移到谓语之后作真正主语。 用于这种形式是一些特定形容 词,动词和名词。如：
1) 形容词作表语(常见的形容词有： important, difficult, easy等) It is foolish to act in this way. 2) 动词作谓语(常见的动词有： require, cost, amuse等) It didn’t occur to me to ask him to help me. 3) 名词作表语: It is a good idea to think this way.