全国大学英语四级模拟题18及答案

Part ⅡReading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B) ,C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:Increasingly, over the past ten years, people—especially young people—havebecome aware of the need to change their eating habits, because much of the food they eat, particularly processed foods, is not good for health. Consequently,there has been a growing interest in natural foods: foods which do not contain chemical additives and which have not been affected by chemical fertilizers widely used in farming today.Natural foods, for example, are vegetables, fruit and grain which have beengrown in soil that is rich in organic matter.In simple terms, this means that the soil has been nourished by unused vegetable matter, which provides it with essential vitamins and minerals. This in itself is a natural process compared with the use of chemicals and fertilizers, the main purpose of which is to increase the amount but not the quality of foods grown in commercial farming areas.Natural foods also include animals which have been allowed to feed and movefreely in healthy pastures. Compare this with what happens in the mass productionof poultry: there are battery farms, for example, where thousands of chickens live crowded together in one building and are fed on food which is little better thanrubbish. Chickens kept in this way are not only tasteless as food; but also produce eggs which lack important vitamins.There are other aspects of healthy eating which are now receiving increasingattention from experts on diet. Take, for example, the question of sugar. This isactually a nonessential food! Although a natural alternative, such as honey, canbe used to sweeten food if this necessary, we can in fact do without it. It isnot that sugar is harmful in itself. But it does seem to be additive: the quantitywe use has grown steadily over the last centuries and in Britain today each person consumes an average of 200 pounds a year! Yet all it does is provide us with energy, in the form of calories. There are no vitamins in it, no minerals and nofiber.It is significant that nowadays fiber is considered to be an important partof a healthy diet. In white bread, for example ,the fiber has been removed. Butit is present in unrefined flour and of course in vegetables. It is interestingto note that in countries where the national diet contains large quantities of unrefined flour and vegetables, certain diseases are comparatively rare. Hence the emphasis is placed on the eating of whole meal bread and more vegetables by modern experts on “healthy eating”.21.Which statement best expresses the main idea of this article?A) People should eat any food to keep themselves healthy and strong.B) People should eat natural foods to keep themselves healthy and strong.C) People should eat fiber foods to keep themselves healthy and strong.D) People should eat vegetables to keep themselves healthy and strong.22.“Particularly processed foods”means ____.A) foods which are particularly processed by adding chemical additivesB) foods which are particularly made by commercial farmsC) foods which are specially produced by commercial factoriesD) foods which are not specially made by adding anything23.Natural foods means ____.A) foods good for healthB) foods not good for healthC) foods such as vegetables, fruit and grain from rich organic matters soilD) crops from rich organic matters soil and meats of animals from healthypastures24.There are no vitamins, no minerals and no fibers in ____.A) natural foods C) sugarB) animal meats D) fruit25.“Yet all it does is provide us with energy, in the form of calories.” It means ____.A) processed food provides us with energyB) natural food furnishes us with vitamins and mineralsC) sugar gives us enough energy in the form of caloriesD) fiber helps us to digest foodQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:With a tremendous roar from its rocket engine, the satellite is sent up intothe sky. Minutes later, at an altitude of 300 miles, this tiny electronic moon begins to orbit about the earth. Its radio begins to transmit an astonishing amountof information about the satellite's orbital path, the amount of radiation itdetects, and the presence of meteorites. Information of all kinds races back tothe earth.No human being could possibly copy down all these facts, much less remember and organize them. But an electronic computer can.The marvel of the machine age, the electronic computer has been in use onlysince 1946. It can do simple computations—add,subtract, multiply and divide—withlighting speed and perfect accuracy. Some computers can work 500,000 times fasterthan any person can.Once it is given a “program”—that is, a carefully worked out set of instructions devised by a technician trained in computer language — a computer cagather a wide range of information for many purposes. For the scientist it canget information from outer space or from the depth of the ocean. In business and industry the computer prepares factory inventories, keeps track of sales trends and production needs, mails dividend checks, and makes out company payrolls. It can keep bank accounts up to date and make out electric bills. If you are planning a trip by plane, the computer will find out what to take and what space is available.Not only can the computer gather facts, it can also store them as fast as they are gathered and can pour them out whenever they are needed. The computer is really a high powered“memory”machine that “has all the answers”—or almost all.Besides gathering and storing information, the computer can also solve complicated problems that once took months for people to do.At times computers seem almost human. They can “read”hand printed letters,play chess, compose music, write plays and even design other computers. Is it anywonder that they are sometimes called “thinking” machines?Even though they are taking over some of the tasks that were once accomplished by our own brains, computers are not replacing us at least not yet. Our brainhas more than 10 million cells. A computer has only a few hundred thousand parts.For some time to come, then, we can safely say that our brains are at least 10,000 times more complex than a computer.How we use them is for us, not the computer, to decide.26.In the first paragraph, the author thinks an electronic computer can ____.A) copy down all the factsB) remember all the factsC) organize the facts and everythingD) copy down, remember and organize all the facts27.“Program”means ____.A) a plan of what is to be doneB) a complete show on a TV station at a fixed time tableC) a scheduled performanceD) series of coded instructions to control the operations of a computer28.The computer is a high powered “memory”machine, which ____.A) has all the ready answers —or almost all to any questionsB) can remember everythingC) can store everything and work for youD) has all the answers —or almost to all the information that has beenstored29. “Thinking”machines suggest that ____.A) they can “read”hand printed letters etcB) they really can think and do many other jobsC) they even design other computersD) they can't think, but can do something under human control30.Can computers do whatever they want to do?Why?A) Yes, because some computers can work 500,000 times faster than any person can.B) No, because they normally have a few hundred thousand parts.C) No, because human brains are at least 10000 times more complex than any computers.D) No, because how a computer works is decided by human.Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:No one expressed this attitude more strongly than Noah Webster (1758 1843).Born near Nartford, Connecticut, he received his education at Yale College and later began to practise law. But business in this profession was slow, and he was forced to turn to teaching. As a teacher, he soon discovered that the English schoolbooks then in use were unsatisfactory, and the American Revolution reduced the supply of such books as there were. Webster therefore began to work on three simplebooks on English, a spelling book, a grammar, and a reader, and these were the first books of their kind to be published in this country. The success of the firstpart was surprisingly great. It was soon issued again under the title THE AMERICAN SPELLING BOOK, and in this form about 80 million copies were sold during thenext hundred years. From a profit of less than one cent a copy, Webster got most of his income for the rest of his life. Not only did the little book have great influence on many generations of school children, but it also had the effect or turning its author's attention to questions of language. In 1806 he produced a small dictionary,and this was followed by his greatest work, AN AMERICAN DICTIONARY OFTHE ENGLISH LANGUAGE, published in two volumes in1828. In both of these works and in many smaller writings he had one purpose: to show that the Englsih languagein his country was a truly American thing, developing in its own special way and deserving to be considered from an independent, American point of view. As hehimself wrote,“ It is not only important, but in a degree necessary, that the people of this country should have an AMERICAN DICTIONARY of the English language; for, although the body of the language is the same as in England…some differences exist…. No person in this country will be satisfied with the English definitions of the words congress, senate, assembly, court, and so forth, for although these are wordsused in England, yet they are applied in this country to express ideas which they do not express in that country.” By giving American meanings and American pronunciation, by adopting a number of American spellings, and especially by introducing quotations from American authors beside those from English literature, he was able, to a great extent, to justify the title of his work. If, after a hundredyears, some people still doubt the existence of a separate American language,his efforts, nevertheless, have left a lasting mark on the language of his country.31.Webster first tried to earn his living in the field of ____.A) education C) lawB) journalism D) medicine32.Webster earned most of his money from the sale of his ____.A) dictionary of 1828 C) grammarB) spelling book D) reader33.Apparently Webster published his first books while he was a____.A) teacher C) lawyerB) student D) doctor34.This article could be entitled ____.A) Noah Webster and American English SpellingB) Noah Webster, the author of An American Dictionary of the English LanguageC) Noah WebsterD) Noah Webster and American English Grammar35.According to the article, Webster ____.A) had created American English and its usagesB) had discovered American English and improved itC) had tried his best and left a milestone on the language of his countryD) had left a language which was not used in England.Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:Once upon a time, the United States seemed to have plenty of land to go around. Plenty of rivers to dam and plenty of rural valleys left over. Plenty of space for parks and factories. Plenty of forests to cut and grasslands to plow. Butthat was once upon a time. The days of unused land are over.Now the land has beenspoken for, fenced off, carved up into cities and farms and industrial parks, put to use.At the same time, the population keeps growing. People need places to work and places to play. So we need more sites for more industries, more beaches formore sunbathers, and more clean rivers for more fishers. And it isn't just a matterof population growth. Our modern technology has needs that must be met, too. Weneed more coal for energy, and we need more power plants; cars must have highwaysand parking lots, and jets must have airports.Each of these land uses swallows up precious space.Highways and expresswaysalone take some 200,000 acres each year. And urban sprawl — the spreading out ofcities — is expected to gobble up vast areas of land by the year 2,000. But thereis only so much land to go around. It is always hard to decide. Take, for example, a forest. A forest can be a timber supply. It can provide a home for wildlife.It is scenery and a recreation area for man. It is soil and watershed protection.36.“…the United States seemed to have plenty of land to go around ”means that ____.A) the United States seemed to have vast land for its people to walk aroundB) the United States seemed to have enough land for sharing with everyoneC) the United States could provide whatever its inhabitents' needsD) the United States was not able to allow its people to do what they wanted to37.The sentence of “Plenty of rivers to dam and plenty of ruralvalleys left over” suggests that ____.A) the United States had a lot of rivers to dam and many rural valleys,tooB) the rivers could be damed laterC) rural valleys would be considered in the futureD) people needn't think of the rivers and valleys38.“Now the land has been spoken for, …”tells us that ____.A) today, land has shown its valuesB) now, people have said something about landC) nowadays, land has been claimed by human beingsD) recently, people spoke for the land39.The phrase of “swallows up”informed us that ____.A) these usages of land have good resultsB) these lands must be used totallyC) the precious space was taken completelyD) the precious space were eaten up40.The word “sprawl”indicates that ____.A) cities are developing very fast to meet the people's demandsB) urban areas are diminishing smoothlyC) urban areas are enlarging steadily in a planned wayD) cities are spreading out without any plansPart ⅢV ocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For eachsentence there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Choose the oneanswer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.41.So frightened ____ in darkness that she did not dare to move an inch.A) was the girl C) such a girl wasB) the girl was D) that the girl was42.The students ____ the exercises, the teacher went on to explain the text.A) doing C) having doneB) did D) to do43.They talked about things and persons ____ they remembered in the school.A) who C) thatB) which D) what44.Such an obvious error ____ this would be avoided, if you were more careful.A) like C) asB) with D) of45.They remained full of hope and determination ____ their repeated failures.A) instead of C) because ofB) in search of D) in spite of46.The car ____ seventy miles per hour until it reaches the riverside at about ten o'clock tonight.A) goes C) wentB) will go D) will be going47.He kept rubbing the child until ____ he fell asleep.A) long after C) before longB) soon after D) long before48. ____ his youth and inexperience, he is not suitable for the job.A) Seeing C) Having seenB) Seen D) To see49.When you ____ the test, check your papers before you hand them in.A) will finish C) will have finishedB) are finishing D) have finished50.I am interested in ____ you have told me.A) which C) thatB) all what D) all that51.No other quality is more important for a scientist to acquire____ to observe carefully.A) as C) andB) than D) but52.They were just about to give up the question, ____ suddenly they found the answer.A) as C) whenB) while D) the moment53.It was ____ then that I came to know that knowledge comes from practice.A) until C) tillB) not until D) since54.The world's supplies of petroleum ____.A) have been gradually being exhaustedB) have gradually exhaustedC) are gradually exhaustedD) are being gradually exhausted55.Everything depends on ____ we have enough time.A) if C) whetherB) when D) that56.I'd just as soon ____ rudely to her.A) you not speak C) you didn't speakB) your not speaking D) you hadn't spoken57.The concert was so interesting that we all felt it ended ____ soon.A) but too C) veryB) only too D) too58.The roar of the crowd finally ____ to a murmur.A) reduced C) decreasedB) diminished D) cut down59.It's very discourteous to ____ during some one's conversation.A) inspect C) interfereB) interrupt D) instruct60.Sometimes even the smallest thing will upset an ____ person.A) annoyed C) irritableB) irritated D) angry61.The conversation was so interesting that we were ____ of the lateness of the hour.A) negligible C) irrelevantB) inattentive D) oblivious62.The rainbow is one of the most beautiful ____ in nature.A) phenomenon C) appearanceB) phenomena D) experience63.It is ____ that nowadays fiber is considered to be an important part of a healthy diet.A) serious C) significantB) great D) vital64.The performance will begin ____ at eight thirty.A) precisely C) accordinglyB) consequently D) exceedingly65.Mr.Smith, a chemistry teacher, never stops ____ new and better ways to improve his teaching.A) discovering C) searching forB) looking for D) finding out66.People greatly differ ____ their views of life.A) from C) atB) to D) in67.The geographical location of Hubei is quite favorable for agricultural production. It's ____ the land of fish and rice.A) famous for C) known asB) known by D) known to68.The officials called for an immediate ____ to determine the cause of the accident.A) investigation C) notificationB) preparation D) obligation69.People usually ____ certain foods by keeping them in a refrigerator or freezer.A) store C) keepB) hold D) preserve70.The girl carefully ____ every mispelled word on the page.A) surrounded C) encircledB) draw D) placePart ⅣTranslation from English into Chinese (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, there are five items which you should translate into Chinese, each item consisting of one or two sentences. These sentences are all taken from the Reading Passages you have just read in the Reading Comprehension of the Test Paper. You can refer back to the passages so as to identify their meanings in the context.71.Increasingly, over the past ten years, people—especially young people—have become aware of the need to change their eating habits because much ofthe food they eat, particularly processed foods, is not good for health.(Passage 1,Paragraph 1)72.It is interesting to note that in countries where the national diet contains large quantities of unrefined flour and vegetables, certain diseases are comparatively rare.(Passage 1,Paragraph 5)73.Not only can the computer gather facts, it can also store them as fast as they are gathered and can pour them out whenever they are needed.(Passage 2, Paragraph 4)74.For some time to come, then we can safely say that our brains are at least 10000 times more complex than a computer.How to use them is forus, not the computer, to decide.(Passage 2,Paragraph 6)75.From a profit of less than one cent a copy, Webster got mostof his income for the rest of his life. (passage 3)Part ⅤWriting (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic “Advertising”. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on theoutline (given in Chinese) below.1. 广告的目的。