必修3单选测试
高一英语必修三词汇单选练习附答案
必修三Unit One1.I was away in the army and always _______for news from home.A.accountedB.appliedC.stavedD.apologized2.Contrary to popular_______,eating carrots does not improve your eyesight.A.gloryB.mottoC.incidentD.belief3.Tom _____a lot of experience and the friendship of the local people, working there for 3 years.A.earnedB.wonC.gainedD.made4.Now that you are a college student, you should learn to be______of your parents’ help.A.energeticB.obviousC.independentD.religious5.Martin was once _______the title of “Advanced Worker” for his excellent work in his company.A.paidB.prizedC.rewardedD.awarded6.Jane got up at 7, dressed and made herself up, and then ______herself in the mirror before going to work.A.staredB.enjoyedC.admiredD.recognized7.Although my grandfather is in his eighties, he is still as_______as a young man and hates sitting around doing nothing all day.A.independentB.intelligentC.energeticD.sensitive8.We should follow the_______in a foreign country we are visiting.A.habitB.customsC.traditionD.things9.Mary decided to hold a family party to ______her parents’ silver wedding.A.gatherB.celebrateC.congratulateD.welcome10.He came to me in the _________that I could help him.A.trustB.choiceC.trickD.belief11.My watch _______two minutes. Would you be so kind to set it backwards?A.gainsB.earnsC.winsD.loses12.The captain ______all the soldiers before him, telling them to get ready for the fight.A.collectedB.selectedC.gatheredD.elected13.The Curies were __________the Nobel Prize for their great contributions to science.A.awardedB.offeredC.rewardedD.supplied14.She stood still in front of the shop windows as if she were _______something in them.A.admiringB.lookingC.respectingD.attaching15.It is ______to eat yuanxiao on the Chinese Lantern Festival in China.A. habitB.a habitC.a customD.custom16.He can _____his breath under the water for five minutes.A.keepB.holdC.takeD.make17.I know you don’t like Betty, but do you have to make it so_____?A.energeticB.obviousC.independentD.attractive18.---Call me at 9:00. I can’t afford to miss such an important conference.---Don’t worry, sir. You’ll surely be_____.A.remindedB.warnedrmedD.remembered19.It’s polite that children ask their parents’______before going out from their homes.A.strengthB.predictionC.independenceD.permission20.It was pretty______from her voice that she disliked the young man.A.stubbornB.religiousC.familiarD.obvious21.I can’t think of his name---can you ____me?A.affectB.attachmandD.remind22.---Are you still willing to lend money to your roommate?---Yes. I have always held the _____that he is an honest fellow.A.customB.truthC.beliefD.trick23.Many of his ideas, which were not known to all at first, have______popular support later.A.gainedB.ownedC.gatheredD.accepted24.The boy received a(an)______from the government for his saving the women’s life.A.awardB.rewardC.prizeD.quality25.The old photos buried at the bottom of the suitcase_____me of those happy old days we had spent together.A.repeatedB.remindedrmedD.rememberedUnit Two1.They felt extremely ______because there was no progress in the project.A.frustratingB.frustratedC.surprisingD.surprised2.It is not easy for a woman to ______her career and family.A.balanceB.separateC.matchD.divide3.My aunt is good at bargaining and she always bus things at a_______.A.discountB.costC.priceD.benefit4.One of Tom’s______is that he is always telling lies.A.awardsB.designsC.tricksD.weakness5.----Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?----Well, you know，English is my______. So it is my best choice.A.strengthB.talentC.abilityD.skill6.Man’s greatest energy does not come from his physical______but from his dreams.A.forceB.strengthC.pressureD.ability7.If you just spend time______advantages and disadvantages, you may get nothing in the end.A.matchingB.balancingC.observingD.examining8.Mary is a girl of great _______. She takes an interest in everything.A.concernB.beliefC.curiosityD.strength9.You are old enough to _____your own living.A.winB.gainC.takeD.earn10.I am heavily ______at the moment, but I hope to be out of it when I get paid.A.in debtB.in troubleC.in advanceD.in danger11.There was little time left, so the chairman asked me to _____my speech to 20 minutes.A.makeB.giveC.limitD.remind12.London is one of the best places in the world to _____education with pleasure so it’s good for your pupils.pareB.replaceC.equipbine13.Just like a voyage at sea, our life journey, whose days are________, is full of difficulties.A.limitedB.goneC.exhaustedD.experienced14.Mrs Brown really____go on a diet. She has put on so much weight since she gave up jogging.A.couldB.ought toC.mayD.would15.He finally gave in to______and opened the letter addressed to his wife.A.worryB.feelingC.curiosityD.hope16.As we all know, no one is perfect, and everyone has his own ________.A.mistakeB.weaknessC.limitD.belief17.After the operation, Bill has been doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his______.A.abilityB.strengthC.energyD.mind18.I have a really bad headache, and I have to ______a doctor about my pains.A.consultB.remindrmD.advise19.During her childhood Susan read a lot about Chinese history, from which she _____greatly in her work in China now.A.observesB.recoversC.recognizesD.benefits20.She usually ______creative imagination with intelligence to create some wonders.A.connectsB.joinsbinesD.attachesUnit Three1.Many doctors were on the ____soon after the traffic accident, helping the injured passengers.A.situationB.occasionC.positionD.scene2.Then you usually lie there just___the ceiling, thinking about everything that could go wrong.A.glancing atB.watching atC.glaring atD.staring at3.His wife is constantly finding _____with him, which makes him very angry.A.errorsB.shortcomingsC.faultD.mistakes4.---What shall I do next? ----You’d better ____advice from your lawyer on this matter.A.listenB.seekC.hearD.beg5.Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them our with_____.A.curiosityB.satisfactionC.envyD.patienceputer power now allows automatic searches of fingerprint files to match a print at a crime_______.A.stageB.sceneC.locationD.occasion7.In the early 1920s, thousands of people went to Australia to _______their fortune.A.seekB.takeC.developD.consult8.I’ll look into the matter as soon as possible. Just have a little_____.A.waitB.timeC.patienceD.rest9.The trip to the mountain reminded me of the ______of my childhood when I lived in the countryside.A.viewsB.scenesC.sceneryD.sights10.My father read through my composition and _____quite a few spelling mistakes in it.A.spottedB.staredC.soughtD.selected11.My boss is always finding ______with all of us and it seems that he is never satisfied with anything we have done.A.blameB.excuseC.faultD.error12.It is bad _____to talk loudly in public in western countries.A.mannersB.habitsC.waysD.efforts13.I spent almost an hour persuading him and at last I lost____.A.devotionB.beliefC.patienceD.balance14.Just as the bus started moving, the driver______a man up ahead in a wheelchair.A. startedB.spottedC.spiedD.watched15.Although twenty years have passed since that night, I can still remember everything about it very clearly_________.A.especiallyB.finallyC.insteadD.indeedUnit Four1.The ________cause of his success was his ability to work for long hours without being tired.A.religiousB.fundamentalC.sensitiveD.satisfactory2.Everyone knows smoking is _______to their health,but many of them can’t keep themselves away from it.A.harmfulB.goodC.helpfulD.bad3.Getting more information on how to use these tools can_______your chances of success.A.raiseB.multiplyC.addD.gain4.During hot summers, the germ ______quickly, and can produce food poisoning.A.affectB.developC.seekD.multiply5.When the young man came back, he just forgot to turn on the radio and________missed the program.A.anywayB.thusC.howeverD.besides6.The study shows that the ________scenes in movies and TV are harmful_______children.A.cheerful; forB.violent; toC.disappointing; forD.touching; for7.Recently a kind of industrial glue which is ______to people’s health has been found in some medicine.A.harmfulB.harmlessC.sensitiveD.friendly8.The deer ______quickly when the animals, harmful to them, disappointed.A.multipliedB.producedidD.developed9.The earth is a rocky planet where there is liquid water, which is necessary for life to_____.eB.existC.standD.happen10.He worked hard day and night,______paying off his debts within two years.A.andB.stillC.alsoD.thus11.Seeing the bad results of the exams, she was rather frustrated and felt _____about her future.A.surprisingB.puzzlingC.puzzledD.surprised12.It will be my _____to clean our classroom tomorrow.A.wayB.taskC.jobD.turn13.There was a _______quarrel between the husband and the wife;after that the wife left home and never came back.A.sensitiveB.seriousC.violentD.strict14.The taxi driver had to _______because the traffic light had turned red.A.set upB.shut upC.catch upD.pull up15.I had no idea when World War II ________, so I turned to my teacher for help.A.broken downB.broken outC.broke inD.broke awayUnit Five1.---How long do you guess the new bridge is? ----It at least ______1 kilometre.A.keepsB.measuresC.containsD.surrounds2.The earth is so heavily polluted. It is time for us to take______to protect the environment.A.waysB.meansC.warningsD.measures3.They ___to finish the project before Sunday, but they didn’t make it because of the heavy snow.A.helpedB.triedC.managedD.refused4.----Did you catch ______sight of a tall TV tower in the distance just now?---Yes, and now it’s out of _____sight.A./;theB./;/C.the; theD.a; a5.The girl who is studying at the art college has a _____for music and dance.A.strengthB.presentC.powerD.gift6.When they saw they were______by our troops; the enemy gave in.A.surroundedB.gatheredC.limitedD.crashed7.---Are you worried about the result of the exam ? ----Only______.A.absolutelyB.approximatelyC.slightlyD.extremely8.His work is a ______of photography and painting.A.cooperationB.confusionC.mixtureD.connection9.You’d better call the airline to _____your flight reservation a week before you leave for Ottawa.A.confirmB.calculateC.chargeD.account10.The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a _____of 60 miles.A.lengthB.distanceC.wayD.space11.----How much is your new mobile phone? ---It cost _____3000yuan. I can’t remember exactly.A.mainlyB.approximatelyC.especiallyD.fundamentally12.There is______support for the government’s policies.A.broadB.obviousC.wideD.gentle13.What_____the foreign experts most is that the new factory is perfectly environment-friendly.A.terrifiesB.remindsC.forgivesD.impresses14.She looks unhappy, for the manager is not______with her sales record this month.A.excitedB.puzzledC.terrifiedD.pleased15.He is famous for _____Chinese musical traditions with Western forms and instruments.A.mixingB.preventingC.dealingD.charging16.---When do you think the president will______you in office? --Probably next Monday.A.proveB.suggestC.confirmD.announce17.As a successful businessman,he was so_____that he never cared how much money he spent on education.A.energeticB.violentC.wealthD.rude18.He works in a big factory which has_____300 people.A.slightlyB.brieflyC.approximatelyD.logically19.To ____your knowledge of English, you should read as much as possible.A.raiseB.takeC.broadenD.permit20---Thank you for showing me the way! ---My pleasure. I live____, so I am familiar with this area.A.awayB.nearbyC.backD.far21.It is a Chinese _____for elders to give children lucky money in red paper as a gift during the Spring Festival.A.traditionB.habitC.practiceD.hobby22.In the competition she_____the judges with both knowledge and excellent performance, and eventually won the championship.A.defeatedB.attractedC.overcameD.impressed23.--We are afraid we can’t finish the task _____a month.---Take your time, but next month you’ll have a new one.A.withinB.byC.amongD.after24.With the end of his career in_____, Armstrong was already looking forward to spending some days at the beach with his family.A.viewB.rangeC.reachD.sight25.The recent airplane crash____me in the belief that stronger safety regulations are needed.A.confirmsbinesC.controlsD.concerns26.Your house is always so neat---how do you ____it with three children?A.manageB.serveC.adaptD.construct27.It saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot_____easy reach.A.nearB.uponC.withinD.aroundUnit one1--5 CDCCD 6--10 CCBBD 11--15ACAAC 16---20BBADD 21--24 DCAABUnit two1--5BAADA 6--10BBCDA 11---15 CDABC 16--20 BBADCUnit three1--5 DDCBD 6--10BACBA 11--15CACBDUnit four1--5 BABDB 6--10 BAABD 11--15 CDCDBUnit five1--5BDBBD 6--10 ACCAB 11--15BADDA 16--20CCCCB 21--27 ADADAAC。
高中化学选择性必修三 第3章 烃的衍生物 单元测试卷
B．1mol乙醇与1mol乙酸在浓硫酸催化、加热条件下充分反应后，生成乙酸乙酯分子数为NA
C．相对分子质量为72的某烷烃1mol中，含有的共价键数目为16NA
D．常温下，pH=11的CH3COONa溶液中，发生电离的水分子数为10-3NA
16．(本题3分)从松节油中提取的β-蒎烯可制取诺派酮、诺蒎酸等，反应原理如下：
下列说法正确的是
A．β-蒎烯的某种同分异构体可能是芳香烃
B．诺派酮分子中所有碳原子可能共平面
C．诺蒎酸与蒎二醇可用NaHCO3溶液鉴别
D．以上四种有机物均易溶于水
第II卷（非选择题）
二、实验题(共24分)
17．(本题12分)汽车用汽油的抗爆剂约含17%的1，2−二溴乙烷，某学习小组用如图所示装置制备少量1，2−二溴乙烷。(1，2−二溴乙烷的沸点为131℃，熔点为9.3℃，摩尔质量为188g/mol。)
名称
相对分子质量
颜色形态
密度
熔点/℃
沸点/℃
水溶性
正丁醇
74.12
无色液体
0.8098
117.25
溶
正丁醚
130.23
无色液体
0.773
142.4
不溶
浓硫酸
98.08
无色液体
1.8
10.36
338
互溶放热
(1)该实验正确的操作顺序为_______(填序号)；B仪器的名称是_______。
(2)生成正丁醚的化学反应方程式为_______。
(3)④中最后一次水洗的目的是_______。加热蒸馏时应收集_______(填选项字母)左右的馏分。
a.100℃ b.117℃ c.135℃ d.142℃
高中英语人教版必修三unit3单选题精选含答案
高中英语人教版必修三u n i t3单选题精选含答案-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1必修三Unit 3 纠错考1.They __ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayedA. willB. canC. mustD. should2.-- Could I use your computer for a few minutes, please--___. I’m not using it myselfA. Come onB. It dependsC. That’s greatD. Go ahead3.--__I stop here, sir–No, go on to the next paragraph, pleaseA. WillB. WouldC. MayD. Ought4.--- Can your factory really afford___ food for the people in the flooded area?--- I believe we can because we have___ workersA. a number of; plenty ofB. a large amount of; a number ofC. a great amount of; a great deal ofD. plenty of; the number of5.I___ through that bitter period without your generous helpA. couldn’t have goneB. wouldn’t goC. didn’t goD. hadn't gone6.Why don’t you bring___ to his attention that you’re too ill to work on?A. thatB. thisC. itD. him7.Passengers are permitted__ only piece of hand luggage onto the planeA. to carryB. to be carriedC. carryingD. being carried8.When you stayed in a rent room in that town last month, you___ with my brother Tony. He lives alone there A. must have stayed B. shouldn't have stayedC. could have stayedD. need have stayed9.It’s not what we to once in a while___ shapes our lives, but what we do consistentlyA. whichB. howC. thatD. when10.The tomato juice left a brown___ on my newly—bought dressA. pointB. spotC. trackD. trace11.Wherever he goes, the poor young man is ready to accept___ help he can getA. whateverB. howeverC. whicheverD. whenever12.-- I probably shouldn’t have any more cake.---Oh,__ .It won’t kill youA. go aheadB. you’re welcomeC. hold on, pleaseD. that’ll do13.He was____ by police boarding a plane for ParisA. realizedB. knownC. spottedD. stared14.He began to cry when he heard the news. –But you___ him the truth at that momentA. shouldn't tellB. could not have toldC. shouldn't have toldD. needn’t tell15.You didn’t bother me;____, I like your companyA. as a resultB. on the contraryC. in a wayD. in a word16.We made a bet ___ Tare___ who was going to arrive first2A. with; aboutB. with; /C. with; onD. with; over17.He ___ speak to his mother like thatA. ought not toB. not ought toC. doesn't ought toD. ought to not18.And now he___ shifts to the house, where the murderer is lying in waitA. senseB. signC. sceneD. view19.--Look at these tracks. It___ be a wolf—Don’t be so sure, I think it__ be a foxA. must; couldB. need; mustC. may; mightD. could; need20.The fire spread through the net bar very quickly, but everyone___ get outA. was able toB. had toC. couldD. would21.He has great belief __ the lawyer A. about B. in C. with D. of22.I think she hurt my feelings on purpose rather than____ as she saidA. by designB. by choiceC. by accidentD. by mistake23.____ should any money be given to a small child(安徽检测)A. On no accountB. From all accountsC. Of no accountD. By all accounts24. You must____ every penny you spend during a business tripA. account forB. make upC. tale onD. turn on25.-- Have you seen the film “Under the Hawthorn Tree”----Of course, I have. It was in our village____ it was made（2011重庆）A. thatB. whichC. whenD. where26.-- What do you think we can do for our aged parents?--- You___ do anything except to be with them and be yourselfA. don't have toB. mustn’tC. oughtn’t toD. can't27.When I woke up, I found myself＿in bed and___ by doctors and nursesA. lying; surroundingB. laying; surroundedC. lying; surroundedD. lain; surrounded28.It’s not worth___ for you to jump into the river to rescue others if you can’t waitA. to take a chanceB. to take chancesC. taking a chanceD. Both Band C29.I looked up to see a young woman___ standing at the side of the road, beggingA. in angerB. in turnC. in ragsD. in truth30.I___ the new type of DVD, but I didn't get enough money with meA. should have boughtB. need have boughtC. could have boughtD. must have bought31.You are not permitted__ aloneA. to be taking a chanceB. take a chanceC. to take a chanceD. taking a chance32.___ your advice, I’m sure to take it into accountA. In spite ofB. But forC. Because ofD. As for33.As far as I am remember, my mother always remind me of table____ during dinnerA. habitsB. mannersC. waysD. conditions34.-- Have you seen the film ”Under the Hawthorn Tree”3--- Of course, I have. It was in our village___ it was madeA. thatB. whenC. whereD. which35.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That’s why I ___ wait until the rain stoppedA. mightB. ought toC. shouldD. had to36.The pilot, whether___ or design, made the plane do a sharp turnA.by accidentB. suddenlyC. at timesD. all at once37.--I’m sorry but the traffic is so heavy. –Does that___ why you are so late?A. ask forB. forgiveC. believe inD. account for38.--I don’t really like James, why did you invite him?-Don’t worry. He___ come. He said he wasn’t certain what his plans wereA. would notB. must notC. need notD. might not39.Tom, you___ leave all your clothes in the floor like this!A.wouldn’tB. mustn’tC. needn’tD. may not40.A cook will be immediately fired if he is found____A. smokeB. to smokeC. smokingD. smoked41.When we were young, every evening my brother and I__ stay at home waiting for our motherA. wouldB. shouldC. mightD. could42.The special medicine for the disease was difficult to find though___ everywhereA. soughtB. being soughtC. having soughtD. having been sought43.Mary was taking a holiday with her family in a wildlife park___ she was bitten on the leg bya lionA. WhenB. whileC. sinceD. before44.She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do___ it takes to save her life.(湖南高考)A. whicheverB. howeverC. whateverD. whoever45.The medicine works more effectively ____ you drink some hot water after taking it(浙江高考)A. asB. untilC. althoughD. if46.The man__ go out for a walk after supper when he was youngA. mightB. wouldC. couldD. should47.“You___ smoke in the bedroom!” Rose said to her husband and pushed him out of the roomA. needn’tB. dare notC. couldn’tD. mustn’t48.It was rude___ you to stare at the foreigner when he passed by just nowA. withB. ofC. forD. to49.Some pirates appeared, so they____ change their routeA. mustB. had toC. shouldD. ought to450.It__ be the postman at the door. It’s only six o’clock A. mustn’t B. won’t C. can’t D. needn’t51.If you__ go, at least wait until t the storm is over A. can B. may C. must D. will52.--Why didn’t you come to Simon’s party last night--I wanted to, but my mom simply__ not let me out so late at nightA. wouldB. couldC. mightD. could53.There is no light on—they__ be at home A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. shouldn’t54.___ felt funny watching myself on TVA. OneB. ItC. ThisD. That55.Born into a family with three brothers, David was ___ to value the sense of sharingA. brought upB. looked upC. turned downD. held back56.My sister met him at the cinema yesterday afternoon, so he___ your lectureA. shouldn't have attendedB. needn’t have attendedC. mustn’t have attendedD. couldn’t have attended57.-- Would you permit me___ here---Sorry, we don’t permit___ here in the labA. smoking; smokingB. to smoke; to smokeC. smoking; to smokeD. to smoke; smoking58.--Will you read me a story, Mummy--Ok. You__ have one if you go to bed as soon as possibleA. canB. willC. shallD. must59.A computer__ think for itself, it must be told what to doA. can’t B. may not C.couldn’t D. might not60.Although I liked the appearance of the house, what really made me decided to buy it was the beautiful___ through the windows A. sight B. view C. scene D. scenery61.Many of the artists who___ didn't comeA. ought to appearB. should appearC. had to appearD. ought to have appeared62.He was hit by a falling tree and killed____A. under the spotB. in the spotC. on the spotD. on spot63.--____ I return the dictionary within three days?---No, you____. You____ keep it for five daysA. May; needn’t; willB. Must; don’t have to; canC. Can; mustn’t; wouldD. Shall; can’t; should64.He can get used to the city life here because he was___ in the countrysideA. grown upB. fedC. trainedD. brought up65.It was___ he came back from American that year___ he met the girl he would like to marry.(江西高考) A. when; when B. not; until C. not until; that D. only; when66.--- Bill，can I get you anything to drink5---_____(江苏高考)A. You’re welcomeB. No problemC. I wouldn’t mind a coffeeD. Doesn’t matter67.Just as Professor Scotti often___ it, success is ninety-nine percent mental attitude(安徽高考)A. getsB. putsC. makesD. means68.____ David says sounds right to Helen. That’s why she has made up he mind to live with him____ happensA. Whatever; whateverB. Whatever; howeverC. No matter what; whateverD. No matter what; no matter what69.--No one__ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball. – Oh, you are really his big fanA. canB. mustC. needD. might70.Was it on a lonely island__ he was saved one month after the boat went down?A. whereB. whichC. thatD. what71.Don’t ___ at me in that way. It makes me uneasy A. glance B. glare C. stare D. watch72.-- I wonder why Mr. Green hasn’t showed up at the meeting yet---I’m not sure, but he___ in a traffic jam driving hereA. could be struckB. might have been struckC. might have struckD. must have been struck73.It was not until midnight___ they reached the camp siteA. thatB. whenC. asD. while74.-- Hi, any idea where Bill is?—He__ in the library. I say him reading books there just nowA. shall beB. must beC. should have beenD. might have been75.We met___ and have become good friends since thenA. by mistakeB. by accidentC. by ourselvesD. by the way76.The train was ten minutes late, so I____ have run all the way to the stationA. couldn'tB. needn’tC. wouldn’tD. mustn’t77.He__ his friend in the crowd, and he ___ his friend had changed a lotA. sought out; spottedB. worked; spottedC. spotted; sought outD. spotted; picked out78.Recent pressure at work may___ his behaviorA. account forB. stand forC. pay forD. leave for1-10 DDCBA CACCB 11-20 AACCB CACAA 21-30 BCAAA ACCCC 31-40 CDBAD ADDBC41-50 AAACD BDBBC 51-60 CACBA DDCAB 61-70 DCBDC CBAAC 71-78 CBABB BCA6。
高中英语必修3单选练习2含答案
高中英语必修3单项选择练习〔2〕Module 1跟踪练习1. Qingdao lies ________ the east of Shandong Province which lies _________ the east of Shan*i Province that is ___________the west of Hebei Province.A. in; on; toB. in; to; onC. to; in; onD. to; on; in2. Our school, in which there are 8000 students, _________ at the foot of a hill.A. is situatedB. situateC. situatingD. is lying3. His middle school teacher has a great __________ on his career.A. influenceB. causeC. reasonD. result4. Guo Jingming ___________ his novel City of Fantasy.A. is famous asB. is knowing asC. is known forD. is known as5. Much of the country_________ by forests, and wood _________and sold all over the world.A. is covering; is cutB. covers; is cutC. is covered; is cutD. is covered; is cutting6. The Red Army overcame many difficulties the Long March, __________ the snow mountain, __________ the river and __________ the forest.A. over; through; acrossB. over; across; throughC. across; through; overD. across; over; through7. Rizhao __________ a harbor city and it __________ its beauty and some famous people.A. is known as; is better known forB. is known for; is better known asC. is known as; is well known forD. is known for; is good known as8. ________ with so much trouble, we failed to plete the task on time.A. FacedB. FaceC. FacingD. To face9. My friend Martin was very sick with a strange fever; _________ he could neither eat nor sleep.A. as a resultB. after allC. any wayD. otherwise10. The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without ________ his notes.A. bringing upB. referring toC. looking forD. trying on11. When _________ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differenced without noticing the many similarities.A. paredB. being paredC. paringD. having pared12. "Things __________never e again!〞 I couldn’t help talking to myself.A. lostB. losingC. to loseD. have lost13. ——What do you think of the performance today"——Great! _________ but a musical genius could perform so successfully.A.AllB. NoneC. AnybodyD. Everybody14. The latest survey, __________ by . 98., found more than 12 percent of teenagers want to work as pilots.A. to be carried outB. being carried outC. carried outD. having been carried out15. Americans eat _________ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.A. more than twiceB. as twice as manyC. twice as many asD. more than twice as many16. Our oral English needs ___________ in order to municate with others better.A. improvingB. improvedC. improvesD. being improved17. The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front _________ to arrive.A. is e*pectedB. is e*pectingC. e*pectsD. will be e*pected18. No decision _________ about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed.A. will be madeB. is madeC. is being madeD. has been made19. The message is very important, so it is supposed ___________ as soon as possible.A. to be madeB. to sendC. being sentD. sending20. I feel greatly honored ___________ into their society.A. to weleB. welingC. to be weledD. weled21. When and where to build the new power plant __________ yet.A. are not decidedB. has not decidedC. is not decidedD. have not decided22. Every boy and every girl as well as some teachers who __________ to visit the museum __________ asked to be at the school gate before 6:30 in the morning.A. are; areB. is; isC. are; isD. is; are23. The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _________ rising steadily since 1997.A. isB. areC. has beenD. have been24. At present, one of the arguments in favor of the new airport _________ that it will bring a lot of jobs to the area.A. isB. areC. will beD. was25. The teacher together with the students __________ discussing Reading Skillls that __________ newly published in America.A. are; wereB. is; wereC. are; wasD. is; was跟踪练习：1-5 BAACC 6-10 BAAAB 11-15 CABCDModule 2跟踪练习1.In China, sales of cigarettes have been reduced ___________ 30% in the past tenyears.A.forB. toC. fromD. by2.He has made _________ in his studies this term.A.great progressB. many progressesC. much progressesD. a big progress3. I’ve just bought this tie, but I ___________ that blue one"A. change it intoB. e*change it intoC. e*change it forD. e*change for4. The doctors are making _________ to save the wounded soldier.A. effortB. every effortC. effortsD. no effort5. What measures have been ________ too control the crowd at Saturday’s football match"A. imaginedB. madeC. givenD. taken6. _________ his carelessness, he didn’t pass the e*amination.A. As a resultB. As a result ofC. BecauseD. Since7. As his parents are not rich enough to have a large house, he has to ________ the room and even the bed _________ his elder brother.A. live in; withB. share; andC. build; withD. share; with8. The mine accident needed __________, so some officials and policemen were sent there.A. looking outB. looking intoC. looking forD. looked for9. — I don’t suppose the police know who did it.— Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and ________ now.A. has been questionedB. is being questionedC. is questioningD. has questioned10. There is an incorrect assumption among scientists and medical people that everyone agrees _________ what constitutes a benefit to an individual.A. onB. withC. toD. in11. Just in front of our house ________ with a history of 1000 years.A. does a tall tree standB. stands a tall treeC. a tall tree is standingD. a tall tree stands12. I can’t stand _________ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _______ talking while she works.A. working; stoppingB. to work; stoppingC. working; to stopD. to work; to stop13. With the book _________ on the desk, he hurried to his home.A. layB. lyingC. lieD. lies14. Jack Smith earns _________ his wife Jane while they do the same amount of work, which is unfair.A. twice as many asB. as twice much asC. twice more money asD. a much happier time15. If there were no e*aminations, we should have __________ at school.A. the happiest timeB. a more happier timeC. much happiest timeD. a much happier time16. He likes singing. He can't sing very well, __________.A. butB. howeverC. whileD. instead17. Between the two generations, it is often not their age, __________ their education that causes misunderstanding.A. likeB. asC. orD. but18. We had to wait half an hour _________ we had already booked a table.A. sinceB. althoughC. untilD. before19. __________ I really don’t like art, I find his work impressive.A. AsB. SinceC. IfD. While20. He tried his best to solve the problem, __________ difficult it was.A. howeverB. no matterC. whateverD. although21. I’d like to study law at university _________ my cousin prefers geography.A. thoughB. asC. whileD. for22. — Somebody wants you on the telephone.— _________ no one knows I’m here.A.ForB. AndC. ButD. So23. — Would you like to e to dinner tonight"— I’d like to, _________ I’m too busy.A.andB. soC. asD. but24. ________ Alice is young, she knows quite a lot about China.A.WhenB. HoweverC. AlthoughD. Unless2.— There’s coffee and tea; you can have _________.—Thanks.A.eitherB. eachC. oneD. it跟踪练习：1-5 DACCD 6-10 BDBBA 11-15 BCBDD 16-20 BDBDA21-25 CCDCAModule 3跟踪练习1.It didn’t ________ to her to ask for help.A.happenB. break outC. think ofD. occur2.Riding a bike was quite ________ for me at that time, but now I have gained alot of _______ in riding.A.an e*perience; e*periencesB. an e*perience; e*perienceC. e*perience; e*periencesD. e*perience; e*perience3. While working in the countryside, the students _________ a great deal of knowledge on plant life.A. looked upB. picked upC. put upD. called up4. The flood ________ an area of 800 square kilometers, causing a heavy loss.A. tookB. coveredC. includedD. contained5. He never studied anything. I wonder how he ________ the e*am. Which of the following is not right"A. tried to passB. managed to passC. succeeded in passingD. was able to pass6. His words left me _________ about his real purpose.A. wonderB. wonderingC. wonderedD. to wonder7. ________ is no possibility _______ Bob can win the first prize in the match.A. There; thatB. It; thatC. There; whetherD. It; whether8. The clock has just _______ five. All the students get up and do morning e*ercises.A. hitB. beatenC. struckD. knocked9. Before they reached the house, a new wave came __________ down the trees.A. sweepingB. sweptC. sweepD. to sweep10. John _________ the thief ________ the nose before he could draw off his knife.A. hit; inB. beat; inC. hit; onD. struck; in11. — Is that the reason _________ the town disappeared overnight"— Of course, none but the sudden eruption of the volcano.A.whyB. thatC. whichD. /12. By knocking down a bicycle standing at the roadside, he _______ his own car.A. crushedB. destroyedC. damagedD. injured13. It is reported that there are over 300 people dead in traffic accidents every day ________ in China.A. all in allB. on averageC. in averageD. of all14. Taking too much e*ercise may ________ your health. That is to say, some kind if e*ercise will have a bad ________ on you.A. effect; affectB. effect; effectC. affect; effectD. affect; affect15. The police warned them _________ the danger they would meet. However, they didn’t listen to the __________.A. about; warnB. of; warningC. for; warningsD. foe; warn16. The students _______ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _______ in the office.A. had written; leftB. were writing; has leftC. had written; had leftD. were writing; had left17. The professor suggested the problem ________ at once.A. referred to be solvedB. referred to solvingC. referred to was solvedD. referred to must be solved18. He kept looking at her, wondering whether he ________ her somewhere.A. sawB. has seenC. seesD. had seen19. — How does the plan __________ you"— If only it could be carried out smoothly.A.hitB. strikeC. beatD. attack20. Millions of pounds’ worth of damage _________ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.A. has been causedB. had been causedC. will be causedD. will have been caused21. The meeting __________ a few weeks after he had arrived from Australia.A. occurredB. was happenedC. was taken placeD. was occurred22. — Were you late for the film"— Very late. Half of it ________ by the time we _________ the cinema.A.was shown; reachedB. had been shown; reachedC. was shown; had reachedD. had been shown; had reach23. John had to have his car repaired in a garage because it ________ seriously.A. damagedB. was being damagedC. had damagedD. had been damaged24. Liu *iang got a gold medal in men’s 110m hurdles at the Athens Olympic Games, ________ himself a hero of the whole country overnight.A. makingB. to makeC. having madeD. and makes25. — George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding"— No, I _______. Did they have a big wedding"A.was not invitedB. have not been invitedC. hadn’t been invitedD. didn’t invite跟踪练习：1-5 DBBBA 6-10 BACAC 11-15 ACBCB 16-20 DADBA21-25 ABDACModule4跟踪练习1.He is always full of __________ as though he never knew tiredness.A.strengthB. energyC. forceD. spirit2.Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _________ everything.A.to tellB. to be toldC. to be tellingD. to have been told3.Don’t take the medicine. It can’t help __________ rid of your cold.A.gotB. to getC. gettingD. to getting4.The purpose of the new technologies is to make life easier, ____ it moredifficult.A.not to makeB. not makingC. not makingD. do not make5.— Mum, what did your doctor say"—He advised me to live _______ the air is fresher.A.in whereB. in whichC. the place whereD. where6.— How did you find the concert last night"—__________.A.Very wellB. Very goodC. Through a newspaper advertisementD. A friend told it to me7. We must consider fully the effect that smoking has _________ our health.A. onB. forC. toD. of8. — Shall I give you a ride as you live so far away"— Thank you. _________.A.It couldn’t be betterB. Of course you canC. If you likeD. It’s up to you9. He looked _______ the story and had to decide whether it can be published or not.A. inB. throughC. atD. on10. I’m e*amining the article he has just finished _______ the possible mistakes in it.A. correctingB. to correctC. correctedD. having corrected11. He felt ________ his duty to take good care of them.A. thisB. oneC. himD. it12. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s action against the law get parents __________.A. worriedB. to worryC. worryingD. worry13. All the people were greatly shocked by the ________ bus accident, which caused 56 deaths.A. frighteningB. frightenC. frightenedD. fright14. Don’t interfere things that don’t ________ you.A. agreeB. occur toC. contactD. concern15. The river beyond our school has bee our school again as new measures are __________ to prevent it _________ any further.A. taken; pollutingB. taking; being pollutedC. taken; being pollutedD. taking; to be polluted16. David threatened __________ his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid.A. to be reportedB. reportingC. to reportD. having reported17. The children all turned _______ the famous actress as she entered the classroom.A. looked atB. to look atC. to looking atD. look at18. With the world changing fast, we have something new ________ with all by ourselves every day.A. dealB. dealtC. to dealD. dealing19. _________ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.A. pletingB. Having pletedC. To have pletedD. To plete20. All of them try to use the power of the workstation __________ information ina more effective way.A. presentingB. presentedC. being presentedD. too present21. Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it ______.A. reusingB. reusedC. reusesD. to be reused22. The play ________ ne*t month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.A. producedB. being producedC. to be producedD. having been produced23. __________, you need to give all you have and try your best.A. Being a winnerB. To be a winnerC. Be a winnerD. Having been a winner24. He told us whether _________ a piic was still under discussion.A. to haveB. havingC. haveD. had25. I like getting up early in summer. The morning air is so good ___________.A. to be breathedB. to breatheC. breathingD. being breathed跟踪练习：1-5 BDBAD 6-10 BAABB 11-15 DAADC 16-20 CBCDD21-25 DCBABModule5跟踪练习1.I’m sure David will find the library- he has a pretty good __________ ofdirection.A.ideaB. feelingC. e*perienceD. sense2.— Do you know who first _________ electricity"A.inventedB. discoveredC. noticedD. founded3.Mrs. Green is a _________ teacher.A.bornB. bearingC. e*periencingD. e*perienced4.The dictionary is_________ to my translation, but that one is_________.A. a great help; of no useB. great help; helplessC. very helpful; of no any useD. important; of few importance5. The doctor ordered that the patient _______ to hospital without delay.A. should sendB. be sentC. sendD. will be sent6. The reason __________ I have to go is ________ my mother is ill in bed.A. why; whyB. why; becauseC. why; thatD. that; because7. Remember to put the books ________ before leaving the room.A. in the placeB. in orderC. in the orderD. in need8. The heart is __________ intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the rain.A. not soB. not muchC. much moreD. no more9. It’s important for us to employ a word or phrase according to the ________ in language studies.A. situationB. conditionC. translationD. e*pression10. Wendy, who was __________ by her grandma, learned to act at an early age.A. picked upB. set upC. put upD. brought up11. __________, I’d prefer to stay at home tonight.A. Being honestB. Being honestyC. To be honestD. To be honesty12. I thought her nice and honest ___________ I met her.A. firs timeB. for the first timeC. the first timeD. by the first time13. ________ made the school proud was _________ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.A. What; becauseB. What; thatC. That; whatD. That; because14. pare your answers to these questions with ___________ your classmates.A. /B. that ofC. thoseD. which of15. As director of the pany, I can’t _________ three weeks away from work.A. carryB. costC. affordD. pay16. — Is that the small town you often refer to"— Right, just the one ________ you know I used to work for years.A.thatB. whichC. whereD. what17.Do you still remember the chicken farm ________ we visited three months ago"A.whereB. whenC. thatD. what18.The English play ________ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a greatsuccess.A.for whichB. at whichC. in whichD. on which19.If a shop has chairs ________ women can park their men, women will spend moretime in the shop.A.thatB. whichC. whenD. where20.In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ________ she could turn forhelp.A.thatB. whoC. from whomD. to whom21.The place __________ the bridge is supposed to be built should be ________ thecross-river traffic is the heaviest.A.which; whereB. at which; whichC. at which; whereD. which; in which22. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _________ sight matters more than hearing.A. whenB. whoseC. whichD. where23. The thought of going back home was ________ kept him happy while he was working abroad.A. thatB. all thatC. all thatD. which24. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _________ people were eaten by the tiger.A. thatB. by whichC. whichD. in which25. — Where did you get t know her"—It was on the farm __________ we worked.A.thatB. thereC. whichD. where跟踪练习：1-5 DBAAB 6-10 CBDAD 11-15 DCBCC 16-20 CCCDD21-25CDBDDModule6跟踪练习1.He came to my class every week, but his attitude _________ he was not reallyinterested in the subject.A.e*pressedB. describedC. e*plainedD. suggested2.On the third floor there are two rooms. _________ is used as a meeting room.A.one of themB. the larger of whichC. the larger one of themD. the largest of which3. We’ll e shown around the city, school, museum and some other places, ________ other visitors seldom go.A. whichB. whatC. whereD. that4. Cold-blooded animals no longer live ________ when winter es; on the contrary, they reduce their movements or even goo to sleep.A. the active lifeB. an active lifeC. active livesD. active life5. — You actually live in Washington D.C."— Yes, I live _________ the city limits of Washing D.C.A.onB. aboutC. withinD. outside6. In a word, I don’t think what you said ________ at all.A. makes senseB. makes no senseC. is of little importanceD. has a sense7. The old building possibly ________ the Ming Period.A. date back toB. is dated fromC. dates back toD. are dated from8. _________ is the case with human, animals also love their babies.A. WhichB. ItC. WhatD. As9. The police _________ the crowd in case anything happened.A. held backB. held onC. kept downD. kept from10. Do you remember the house _________ we visited, _________ the great leader used to live"A. where; whereB. that; whereC. where; whichD. which; which11. — What does the hydro-electric project of the Three Gorges Dam means"— It means ________ the danger of flooding.A.to bring an end ofB. to bring an end toC. bringing an end ofD. bringing an end to12. I have _____ your share of the e*penses at $5, which is not a large sum actually.A. worked outB. worked upC. worked onD. worked at13. Wherever we go, we must ________ new circumstances as soon as possible.A. rely onB. keep onC. take inD. acmodate to14. I hope your dream of being a world champion will _________ in the future.A. e trueB. e to truthC. e trulyD. throw light on15. Harry was a man of ______ strength and removed the stone away from the road.A. largeB. a bitC. enormousD. little16. By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, ________ can be very eye-opening and rewarding.A. whoB. whichC. whatD. that17. Some pre-school children go to a day care center, _________ they learn simple games and songs.A. thenB. thereC. whileD. where18. We shouldn’t spend our money testing so many people, most of ________ are healthy.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. whom19. — Do you have anything to say for yourself"— Yes, there’s one point ________ we must insist on.A.whyB. whereC. howD. /20. Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street, ________ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. where21. The Beatles, ___ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.A. whatB. thatC. howD. as22. His sister has bee a lawyer, ________ she wanted to be.A. whoB. thatC. whatD. which23. It is reported that two schools, ________ are being built in my hometown, will open ne*t year.A. they bothB. which bothC. both of themD. both of which24. The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, _____ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.A. whoB. thatC. asD. which25. Russ and Earl were auto mechanics __________ the same pay, but Earl had more ambition.A. to earnB. to have earnedC. earningD. earned跟踪练习：1-5 DBCBC 6-10 ACDAB 11-15 DADAC 16-20 BDDDB21-25 DDDDC。
高中化学选择性必修3第一章第一节有机化合物的分类方法练习题含答案
故选C。
11．D
【详解】A．根据该有机物的结构简式可知，其分子中含有15个C原子，10个H原子，5个O原子，分子式为C15H10O5，故A正确；
B．该物质中只有酚羟基能与Na2CO3反应，1mol该分子含有3mol酚羟基，能与3molNa2CO3发生反应，故B正确；
D．该分子结构中含有醇羟基，可以与Na发生反应放出氢气，但不能与NaOH发生反应，D选项错误；
答案选C。
5．A
【详解】A．蔗糖水解生成果糖和葡萄糖，葡萄糖是还原糖，可以与银氨溶液发生银镜反应，A正确；
B．“半成品碳”再放进硫酸中高温加热，可以生成分子式为C36H50O25的“焦糖烯”，因此可知“半成品碳”不能是碳单质，B错误；
C． 分子中含有醛基，该物质是丙醛，属于醛，C正确；
D． 分子中含有酯基，该物质是乙酸苯酯，属于酯，D错误；
故合理选项是C。
8．D
【详解】A．C24O6与CO2分子式不相同，不是同分异构体，A项错误；
B．C18是一种碳单质，与石墨、金刚石互为同素异形体；烃为碳氢化合物，C18不是芳香烃，不与苯互为同系物，B项错误；
A．蔗糖的水解产物之一在碱性条件下加热，可与银氨溶液反应
B．“半成品碳”是碳元素的一种新单质，与C60都是碳元素的同素异形体
C．向蔗糖中加入浓硫酸发生一系列反应，浓硫酸主要体现吸水性和酸性
D．焦糖烯是一种新型的烯烃，其能使溴的四氯化碳溶液褪色
6．现代有机合成之父伍德沃德对现代有机合成做出了相当大的贡献，1944年，他第一次成功人工合成奎宁(结构如图)。下列与奎宁有关的说法错误的是（）
烷烃分子中每个碳原子的最外层电子都被充分利用，达到“饱和”状态，因此这样的烃也叫作_______。
高中化学选择性必修3第一章第一节有机化合物中的共价键练习题含答案
高中化学选择性必修3第一章第一节有机化合物中的共价键练习题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________一、单选题1．下列物质只含共价键的是（ ） A ．Na 2O 2B ．H 2OC ．NH 4ClD ．Na OH2．乙酸、水和乙醇的分子结构如表所示，三者结构中的相同点是都含有羟基，下列说法错误的是（ ）乙酸： 水：乙醇：32CH CH OH --A ．羟基的极性：乙酸>水>乙醇B ．与金属钠反应的强烈程度：水>乙醇C ．羟基连接不同的基团可影响羟基的活性D ．羟基极性不同的原因是基中的共价键类型不同3．石灰氮(2CaCN )是一种氮肥，与土壤中的2H O 反应生成氰胺(2H N-C N ≡)，氰胺可进一步转化为尿素()22CO NH ⎡⎤⎣⎦。
下列有关说法正确的是（ ） A ．2H O 的电子式为B ．1个2H N-C N ≡分子中含3个σ键C ．2H N-C N ≡分子中σ键与π键的个数之比为2:1D ．已知()22CO NH 中含有C O =键，1个()22CO NH 分子中含有2个π键 4．下列说法正确的是（ ）A ．大多数的有机物中每个碳原子最外层都有四对共用电子B ．所有的有机物中每个碳原子都形成四个单键C ．碳原子只能与碳原子之间形成双键或三键D ．由甲烷，乙烯的结构可推知有机物分子中不能同时存在单键，双键5．多位化学家用简单的偶联反应合成了如下这个有趣的“纳米小人”分子。
有关该分子的结构说法不正确的是（ ）A ．该分子中的C 原子采取的杂化方式有：sp 、2sp 、3spB ．该分子中的O 原子采取3sp 杂化C ．“纳米小人”头部的所有原子不能在同一平面内D ．“纳米小人”手、脚部位的碳原子不杂化 6．下列说法正确的是（ ）A ．182O 和163O 互为同位素B ．正己烷和2，2-二甲基丙烷互为同系物C ．60C 和70C 是具有相同质子数的不同核素D ．223H NCH COOCH 和322CH CH NO 是同分异构体7．下面为三种简单螺环化合物，相关的说法正确的是( )A ．上述化合物m 、n 分子中所有碳原子均处于同一平面B ．化合物m 的一氯代物有2种C ．化合物n 与3-甲基-1-庚烯互为同分异构体D ．化合物t 的名称为螺[5，4]壬烷8．能发生银镜反应，并与丙酸互为同分异构体的物质是（ ） A ．丙醛B ．丙酮C ．乙酸甲酯D ．甲酸乙酯9．豪猪烯，形状宛如伏地伸刺的动物，其键线式如图。
人教版2019高中化学选择性必修3第一章有机化合物的结构特点与研究方法章节测试卷
人教版2019高中化学选择性必修3第一章有机化合物的结构特点与研究方法章节测试卷一、单选题1．下列物质中互为同分异构体的是A．甲醛和乙醛B．二氧化碳和干冰C．石墨和金刚石D．乙酸和甲酸甲酯2．下列有机化学方程式中属于加成反应的是( )A．CH4+Cl2−−−−−→光照CH3Cl+HCl B．CH4+2O2点燃−−−→CO2+H2OC．CH2=CH2+HBr→CH3CH2Br D．+Br2Fe−−−−→+HBr3．下列说法不正确．．．的是A．用纸层析法分离Fe3+和Cu2+，将滤纸上的试样点完全浸入展开剂可提高分离效果B．将CoCl2·6H2O晶体溶于95%乙醇，加水稀释，溶液颜色由蓝色逐渐转变为粉红色C．乙酰水杨酸粗产品中加入足量碳酸氢钠溶液，充分反应后过滤，可除去聚合物杂质D．某些强氧化剂(如：氯酸钾、高锰酸钾)及其混合物不能研磨，否则可能引起爆炸4．测得某有机物M相对分子质量为164，分子中C、H、O元素质量含量分别为73.17%、7.32%、19.51%，且分子中只含有1个苯环，苯环上只有一个取代基，现测出M的核磁共振氢谱谱图有5个峰，其面积之比为1：2：2：1：6，下列说法正确的是( )A．M的分子式为C10H10O2B．1 mol的M最多能被4 mol H2还原C．M能使溴水褪色D．与M含有相同官能团，苯环有两个取代基且位于对位的同分异构体有5种5．强氯精是一种新型广谱、高效、低毒的杀菌剂，下列说法错误的是A．属于有机物B．分子式为C3O3N3Cl3C．分子中碳原子的化学环境有两种D．分子中所有原子最外层均达到8电子稳定结构6．下列物质在给定条件下的同分异构体数目正确的是（）（均不考虑立体异构）A．C4H10属于烷烃的同分异构体有3种B．分子组成是C5H10O2属于羧酸的同分异构体有5种C．分子组成是C5H12O属于醇的同分异构体有7种D．C5H10属于烯烃的同分异构体有5种7．在有机合成中官能团的引入或改变是极为重要的，下列说法正确的是()A．甲苯在光照下与Cl2反应，主反应为苯环上引入氯原子B．将CH2=CH-CH2OH与酸性KMnO4溶液反应即可得到CH2=CH-COOHC．引入羟基的方法通常有卤代烃和酯的水解、烯烃的加成、醛类的还原D．HC≡CH、(CN)2、CH3COOH三种单体在一定条件下发生加成、酯化反应即可得到8．“珍爱生命，拒绝毒品”，尤其青少年更应该对毒品说不，如吸食“冰毒”，易成瘾，副作用强，会严重破坏人的生理和免疫功能。
新教材高中化学第三章烃的衍生物学业质量标准检测新人教版选择性必修3
第三章学业质量标准检测(90分钟,100分)一、单选题(本题包含10个小题,每小题2分,共20分,每小题只有1个选项符合题意)1．下列物质中,与苯酚互为同系物的是( C )A．CH3CH2OH B．(CH3)3C—OHC．D．2．(·浙江)制备苯甲酸甲酯的一种反应机理如图(其中Ph－代表苯基)。
下列说法不正．．确．的是( D )A．可以用苯甲醛和甲醇为原料制备苯甲酸甲酯B．反应过程涉及氧化反应C．化合物3和4互为同分异构体D．化合物1直接催化反应的进行解析：“入环”的物质为反应物,“出环”的物质为生成物,由反应机理图可知,可用苯甲醛、甲醇和H2O2为原料制得苯甲酸甲酯,A正确；由反应机理图可知,化合物4在H2O2的作用下转化为化合物5,化合物4中有13个氢原子和1个氧原子、化合物5中有12个氢原子和1个氧原子,故该过程是失氢的氧化反应,B正确；化合物3和化合物4的分子式均为C11H13N3O 且结构不同,故互为同分异构体,C正确；由图可知,化合物1在NaH的作用下形成化合物2,化合物2再参与催化循环,所以直接催化反应进行的是化合物2,化合物1间接催化反应的进行,D错误。
3．(·湖北)关于有机化合物,下列说法错误的是( D )A．分子式为C14H18O2B．含有2个手性碳原子C．可与热的新制氢氧化铜悬浊液反应D．该有机物的同分异构体中无芳香族化合物解析：由该有机物结构可知,其分子式为C14H18O2,A正确；手性碳原子是指连有四个不同的原子或基团的碳原子,该有机物含有2个手性碳原子,B正确；该有机物含醛基( COH),可与热的新制氢氧化铜悬浊液反应,C正确；该分子的不饱和度Ω＝6,苯环的不饱和度Ω＝4,则该有机物的同分异构体中含有芳香族化合物,D错误。
4．磷酸氯喹可用于治疗新冠肺炎,临床证明磷酸氯喹对治疗“新冠肺炎”有良好的疗效。
2020年3月4日印发的《新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗方案(试行第七版)》中明确规定了其用量。
高中历史选择性必修3《文化交流与传播》综合测试
高中历史选择性必修3《文化交流与传播》综合测试注：以下为高中课本《文化交流与传播》的内容一、单选题（本大题共16小题，共48分）1．中华优秀传统文化积淀着多样、珍贵的精神财富，如求同存异、和而不同的处世方法，文以载道、以文化人的教化思想，俭约自首、中和泰和的生活理念等。
这些都集中体现了中华文化的（）A．传统美德B．核心思想C．人文精神D．教育理念2．17、18世纪，一些西方传教士将儒家经典如《大学》、《礼记》、《中庸》、《论语》、《孟子》、《周易》、《书经》、《孝经》、《诗经》、《春秋》、《礼记》等翻译为西文出版。
这些书籍的出版（）A．推动了欧洲的宗教改革运动B．促进了儒学在西方的传播C．使18世纪的欧洲成为“中国之欧洲”D．催生了大批的启蒙思想家3．西周时期，“和”与“序”是两种重要的价值追求，《礼记》中说：“和，故百物皆化；序，故群物皆别。
”由此可见，西周时期对“和”“序”的追求A．推动了中央集权制度的形成B．促成了家国一体的政治架构C．有助于秩序构建和社会和谐D．反映出官僚政治的基本特点4．妈祖信仰原本是我国东南沿海地区的海神信仰，1405年琉球国建立妈祖庙，17世纪日本长崎建立妈祖庙，而后泰国、缅甸乃至整个东南亚地区相继出现规模不同的妈祖庙。
据此可知，妈祖信仰的传播A．加强了中外经济文化联系B．扩大了中原文化的影响力C．源于海上丝路的不断拓展D．巩固了“朝贡贸易”体系5．人类最初的文明分别出现在西亚的两河流域、北非的尼罗河流域、南亚的印度河和恒河流域、中国的黄河流域和长江流域，以及欧洲巴尔干半岛南部和爱琴海地区。
这些文明的共同特点是（）A．都有高度发达的农业经济B．都创造了辉煌灿烂的文化C．都建立了中央集权的帝国D．都建立了政教合一的体制6．下表是地理自然环境与对应区域文明发展的表现，据此分析，早期人类文明地理自然环境区域文明发展的表现尼罗河的定期泛滥，有利于农业生产的发展，尼罗河提供了连通上下埃及的交通条件需要精确计算泛滥日期，埃及进行天文学研究，制定了世界上第一部太阳历。
2023-2024学年高中语文人教版必修3第一单元单元测试(含答案解析)
2023-2024学年人教版高中语文单元测试班级 __________ 姓名 __________ 考号 __________一、单选题（本大题共计1小题每题3分共计3分）1.文化宫为评书、古琴、昆曲、木偶戏四个文艺演出专场各准备了一副对联对联与演出专场对应恰当的一项是（）①假笑啼中真面目新笙歌里古衣冠②疑雨疑云颇多关节绘声绘影巧合连环③白雪阳春传雅曲高山流水觅知音④开幕几疑非傀儡舞台虽小有机关A. ①古琴②评书③昆曲④木偶戏B. ①昆曲②评书③古琴④木偶戏C. ①古琴②木偶戏③昆曲④评书D. ①昆曲②木偶戏③古琴④评书【答案】B【解析】对联① 演员的假笑假哭反映的是当时人们的真实情况现代人穿的是古人衣装演绎的是古时生活这是昆曲的特点对联②处处设疑处处有悬念绘声绘色再现情景故事环环相扣这是评书的特点对联③ 阳春白雪高山流水传雅曲觅知音这是古琴的特点这是古琴的特点对联④ 舞台上展示的形象观众似乎认为是真的而非木偶在小小舞台上随意操纵机关这是木偶戏的特点二、填空题（本大题共计1小题每题3分共计3分）2.在下面一段文字横线处补写恰当的语句使整段文字语意完整连贯内容贴切逻辑严密每处不超过15个字虽然2020年我国夏粮同比增产但据有关部门统计截至目前①_______________ 这一消息也让一些公众做出“粮荒”的判断其实产量的增长和收购量的下降并不矛盾因为粮食确实生产出来了至于收货量的减少主要原因是农民预期收购价将继续上涨而产生惜售心理导致交粮进度较慢中国的粮食安全其实主要是长远问题而不是当前问题换句话来说②_______________ 但从长远来看存在一些薄弱环节和短板我国粮食安全保障依旧需引起高度重视目前我国稻谷和小麦的产量和储量不成问题但细分类目中的优质大米和专用小麦数量存在缺口由此反映出一个问题在粮食安全上③_______________ 下一步要往“质”的方向发展【答案】①夏粮收购量同比减少较多, ②中国的粮食安全当前是有保障的, ③“量”的问题解决了【解析】第①空根据横线前的“2020年我国夏粮同比增产”和横线后的“这一消息也让一些公众做出‘粮荒’的判断”“产量的增长和收购量的下降”可知此处是与收购量下降相关的内容应填“夏粮收购量同比减少较多”之类的句子第②空根据横线前的“其实主要是长远问题而不是当前问题”和横线后的“从长远来看存在一些薄弱环节和短板我国粮食安全保障依旧需引起高度重视”可知此处是对当前粮食安全进行判断的内容应填“中国的粮食安全当前是有保障的”之类的句子第③空根据横线前的“目前我国稻谷和小麦的产量和储量不成问题”和横线后的“下一步要往‘质’的方向发展”可知此处是与“质”相对的关于“量”的内容应填“‘量’的问题解决了”之类的句子三、文言文阅读（本大题共计1小题每题15分共计15分）3.（1）下列对文中画线部分的断句正确的一项是（）3.（2）下列对文中画线词语的相关内容的解说不正确的一项是（）3.（3）下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析不正确的一项是（）3.（4）把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语①曹州民有被诬杀人者诏往按之发擿奸伏冤人得雪②会秦州李濬暴卒上语近臣曰“天水边要宜速得人”3.（5）张佶升为虞部员外郎的原因是什么？蜀人为什么怀念张佶？A. 自古盛德之世/未尝无边圉之患/要在得果毅之臣以捍御之/契丹入寇/继宣拔陷将于重围之中/固有余勇/佶宣力西南/勤干威惠/亦可取B. 自古盛德之世/未尝无边圉之患要在/得果毅之臣以捍御之/契丹入寇/继宣拔陷将于重围之中/固有余勇/佶宣力西南/勤干威惠/亦可取C. 自古盛德之世/未尝无边圉之患要在/得果毅之臣以捍御之/契丹入寇/继宣拔陷将于重围之中/固有余勇/佶宣力西南勤干/威惠亦可取D. 自古盛德之世/未尝无边圉之患/要在得果毅之臣以捍御之/契丹入寇/继宣拔陷将于重围之中/固有余勇/佶宣力西南勤干/威惠亦可取【答案】A【解析】（1）“要在”的意思是“关键在于” 与“得果毅之臣”形成了动宾关系中间不可断开排除B、C两项“宣力西南”“勤干威惠”是并列成分中间应断开排除D项故选A【答案】D【解析】（2）D项“车驾”原指帝王乘坐的车文中借指皇帝【答案】D【解析】（3）D项“边境部族怨恨因而袭击他的军队”理解错误原文是“佶不甚存抚亦不奏加赉赐边人追悔引众劫掠” 并未袭击张佶的军队【答案】（4）①曹州百姓中有人被诬陷杀人（张佶）奉诏前去查办揭发出此案中隐蔽的不法情形蒙冤百姓的冤情得以洗掉②恰逢秦州李濬突然去世皇帝对近臣说“天水是边境要地应该迅速找到恰当的人”【解析】（4）①按查办发擿亦作“发摘” 揭发举发雪洗掉（耻辱、仇恨、冤枉）②暴卒突然去世语……曰对......说边要边境要地【答案】（5）①皇帝下令讨伐王均张佶督运军需立下功劳②益州任上治理军队安抚百姓有威望和恩惠【解析】（5）①根据文中“时诏讨王均以馈饷之劳迁虞部员外郎”可知张佶因为督运军需的功劳升任虞部员外郎②根据文中“佶御军抚民甚有威惠蜀人久犹怀之”可知张佶治理军队安抚百姓很有威望和恩惠因此蜀人怀念他四、古诗词鉴赏（本大题共计1小题每题15分共计15分）4.（1）下列对这首诗的理解和赏析不正确的一项是（）4.（2）概括诗中陶处士的形象特征并结合诗句加以分析A. 首联从景物描写入手将触觉与视觉相结合描绘出一幅和煦宜人的春日图景B. 颔联运用典故“潘子县”与“陶公门”含蓄地抒发了作者对陶处士的赞美之情C. 尾联在前三联写景状物的基础上直抒胸臆表达作者对陶处士生活态度的不认同D. 这首诗语言清新质朴风格近于田园诗与作者为人熟知的边塞诗风差别较大【答案】C【解析】（1）C项“表达作者对陶处士生活态度的不认同”错误作者对陶处士的生活态度是认同的他不认同的是“南山车马客”的生活态度【答案】（2）①情趣高雅“花明潘子县柳暗陶公门” 描写出陶处士居所的优美环境衬托出主人的雅趣和闲情②闲适洒脱“药碗摇山影鱼竿带水痕”写出陶处士服药养生、持杆垂钓的自得其乐的生活情形③与世无争（淡泊名利）与“南桥车马客”往来奔走相对比写出他远离尘嚣的安宁心境【解析】（2）赏析人物形象可以从正面（肖像、语言、动作、心理）和侧面（他人的评价、衬托）两个方面入手然后可以从身份、精神品质、性格特征、心理状态等角度分点作答首联作者写陶处士所居住的地方风景优美颔联用“花明潘子县柳暗陶公门”来与陶处士的住处相比认为此地和潘子县、陶公门一样美好宜人以此衬托出陶处士情趣高雅的一面“药碗摇山影鱼竿带水痕”是说陶处士的药碗里倒映着青山的影子鱼竿上总有水的痕迹可见陶处士服药养生、持杆垂钓的悠闲洒脱尾联“南桥车马客”是写其他人为名利竞相奔走的行为及状态前后对比可见陶处士与世无争的形象特点据此分析作答即可五、现代文阅读（本大题共计4小题每题15分共计60分）5.（1）下列对散文相关内容和艺术特色的分析鉴赏不正确的一项是（）5.（2）初入东风鱼头馆柳月芳为什么“百感交集”？请简要分析5.（3）请探究小说以“人民的鱼”为标题的深刻用意A. 小说开篇道出“鱼的末日” 与之对应恰是人的“春节临近” 在悲喜始末之间隐含着作者对生态保护的思考与追求B. 小说善用对比刻画人物例如居林生“最反感别人送年货” 但收到的鱼“腥一条街了” 柳月芳“不瞒了”终究还是瞒了C. 小说最后描写居强的女朋友“喝汤”评诗的场景既突出鱼头汤的美味也留下较为丰富的阅读空间言有尽而意无穷D. 小说叙述视角灵活多变既有旁观者的客观中立又有当事人的敏感与亲切叙述语言寓庄于谐机智幽默含义隽永【答案】A【解析】A【解析】“对生态保护的思考与追求”赏析错误【答案】（2）①被张慧琴的真情所打动②为自己一直拒绝的歉疚③对两个家庭今昔的感慨【解析】略【答案】（3）①“人民”是群体概念“人民的鱼”涵盖了文章的主要内容②“人民”由“送鱼”到用鱼创造财富与幸福反映了时代变迁与观念革新③不同的“人民”最终因为“鱼”实现了平等寄托了作者美好的人文理想【解析】略6.（1）下列对小说思想内容的分析与概括不正确的一项是（）6.（2）下列对小说艺术特点的理解与鉴赏不正确的一项是（）6.（3）老张对女儿的情感有哪些？请简要分析6.（4）小说最后一段有什么作用？请结合作品简要分析A. 小说以“这是一个真实的故事”开头交代“我”和主人公的关系等以新闻报道内容结尾赋予这篇小说很强的纪实性B. “老百姓去外地没钱坐客车都是扒火车”这个细节具有鲜明的时代特点同时也委婉批评了他们觉悟低、爱占小便宜C. 小说中小玉问姥爷火车去哪里的这一情节看似闲笔实际不闲是为后文写三个孩子沿着铁路去郑州找妈妈做了铺垫和伏笔D. 提到女儿卖房老张“没好气” 不知女儿在哪埋怨女儿“就你中？就你能？”体现出老张觉悟不如女儿高【答案】B【解析】B．“委婉批评了他们觉悟低这一细节描写说明当时百姓生活困难【答案】C【解析】C．“有力地辅助了人物性格的塑造”是错误的有力烘托了孩子们路上的艰难【答案】①对常香玉出去巡演和卖房的不理解和埋怨②有对闺女卖了房子没地方住的担心和心疼不知道女儿在哪里的想念和牵挂【解析】老张对女儿的情感可以结合“1951 年8月把孩子送到托儿所”“你妈把房子都卖了好不容易在西安买了一套房子他也想闺女闺女在哪里不过今天这个说在新乡还有的说在武汉一个女娃出去疯啥呢就你能”概括得出【答案】小说最后一段是补叙补充交代常香玉卖车卖房丰富了常香玉舍家卫国的形象【解析】小说最后补写了一段新闻报道说明常香玉是为了实现了为志愿军捐献一架飞机的愿望而卖车卖房突出了常香玉舍小家为大家的壮举且与历史事实相吻合7.（1）下列对本文相关内容的理解不正确的一项是（）7.（2）下列对本文艺术特色的鉴赏不正确的一项是（）7.（3）小说以岩羊的“纹丝不动”与“他”的步步靠近为主线这样谋篇布局有何妙处？7.（4）对“他割下这只老岩羊的首级”的做法你怎样理解？请结合文章内容简要分析A. 小说开篇对犄角的描写、对地形位置的介绍以及对岩羊反常行为的关注都说明“他”有着丰富的山居经验B. 第④段对野猪、旱獭、狼、狐狸的描写生动再现动物无拘无束的生活场景说明禁捕后动物与人和谐相处C. 第⑨段是景物描写山风劲吹秋草枯黄点明季节预示冬天的来临此时巡山表现他对这片山的由衷热爱D. “唯有你苍天不老人和动物都会老去”是“他”对老岩羊顽强生命意志的咏叹“不老”指老岩羊的精神内涵【答案】D【解析】（1）D项“唯有你苍天不老人和动物都会老去”并非意在咏叹老岩羊的顽强“不老”的是岁月、是天地不是指老岩羊的精神【答案】A【解析】（2）A项小说对内心的描写并没有使用第一人称叙述进而“有助于直接表达感情”的分析有误【答案】（3）①岩羊的“纹丝不动”是引发“他”步步靠近的缘由读者可从“他”步步靠近寻得答案激起读者的阅读兴趣引发读者的种种预测使小说情节富有悬念②这条主线推动了“他”情感的变化好奇、疑虑、惊讶、同情、沉重、释然③“纹丝不动”原因的揭示令人感慨老态垂死的岩羊揭示小说主题引发对生命的思考④使小说情节更加集中、紧凑、简洁【解析】（3）分析小说线索的作用可以从情节、主旨、人物、读者等角度进行分析从情节来看以岩羊的“纹丝不动”与“他”的步步靠近为主线自然而然地串联起文章内容使得小说情节更加集中、紧凑、简洁从读者感受来看他步步靠近“按说以岩羊的机警早就应该逃之夭夭” 可岩羊“纹丝不动” 事实与心理预期出现了落差能够引发读者的预测激发读者的好奇心从人物心理状态来看岩羊“纹丝不动” 他步步靠近时经历了一个先“引起了他足够的好奇” 再“有些迟疑”“他的心有点缩紧——太奇怪了！真是匪夷所思！” 接着“惊呆了” 知道岩羊不动的原因“心疼极了”“心情很沉重” 最后“下山的时候他的心情多少有些缓了过来”的心理历程和情感变化过程从主旨来看他步步靠近机敏的岩羊却不动是因为岩羊已经老态垂死这引发了人们对于生命的思考揭示了文章的主旨综合以上分析整理作答即可【答案】（4）①“他”割下这只老岩羊的首级体现了“他”对老岩羊的充分尊重对生命尊严的尊重②从文中“心疼”“不忍心”“祈祷”“将老岩羊头面朝东方”等细节可知“他”对老岩羊这种垂垂老矣、艰难等死的状态心生悲悯之情③从后面“彻悟”可知从老岩羊的垂老艰难活着到肉体回归自然引发对生命的感悟生命是一个过程最终会走向尽头但即使走向尽头也要有尊严从而深化了热爱生命、关爱生命、尊重生命的主题【解析】（4）回答本题要结合上下文内容及思想主旨进行分析面对“已经痴呆的老岩羊它根本意识不到人的走近双眼蒙满了眵目糊牙也掉尽那一对毡房穹顶般的犄角尖已经深深地长进后臀皮肉里了”时他心疼极了而后又想“难道没有哪只狼来成全你么”“生命总该有个尽头” 在这样的想法之下他才割了老岩羊的首级并“将长进后臀皮肉里的犄角尖拔出面朝东方搁置好羊头依然保持着它曾经的尊严” 由此可见他割下老岩羊的首级是因为极度心疼他悲悯老岩羊的遭遇想让它有尊严地死去他的做法是对生命的尊重割下老岩羊的首级后“他看见天空中开始有秃鹫盘旋还有几只乌鸦和喜鹊捷足先登落在大圆石上开始争食老岩羊的肉” 如果不是他割下老岩羊的首级老岩羊会在其他动物的嘴下毫无尊严地死去他从眼前的景象和自己的行为中有了新的思考无论多么强大的生命最终都会走向死亡回归到自然当中去这就是生命的过程可即便是死亡也应该有尊严所以他的这一行为深化了热爱生命、关爱生命、尊重生命的主题综合以上分析整理作答即可8.（1）下列对材料相关内容的理解和分析不正确的一项是（）8.（2）下列对材料相关内容的概括和分析不正确的一项是（）8.（3）我国应该如何更好地发挥中医药的价值？请结合材料概括说明A. 中国的新冠肺炎发病率、死亡率之低和治愈率之高得益于中西医结合、中西药并用这也是我国这次疫情防控的一大特点B. 对于非典、艾滋病、新冠肺炎等重大传染病西医往往无能为力而中医却能迅速找到有效解决方案这说明中医优于西医C. 为了构建起强大的公共卫生体系切实维护人民群众的生命健康安全我国亟须解决中医药发展过程中的一些问题D. 此次武汉保卫战国家中医药局历史上首次成建制派出国家中医医疗队中医药教治有了自己的大显身手的阵地【答案】B【解析】B．曲解文意“这说明中医优于西医”说法错误原文是“西医往往无能为力的非典、艾滋病、新冠肺炎等重大传染病中医凭其辨证论治特征能迅速找到有效解决方案” 说明在重大传染病上中医有一定的优势但并不能据此就说中医优于西医故选 B【答案】A【解析】A．无中生有“为我们指出了中医药现代化发展所面临的问题及对于我国社会发展的意义”分析错误材料一和材料二中没有涉及这方面的内容故选 A【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）①传承中医药精华守正创新②坚持安全有效的根本要求促进中医药事业和产业高质量融合发展③大力发展中医药补齐中医药短板与西医药互学互鉴、互补短长【解析】依据原文“传承是中医药的命脉所在创新则是中医药的活力之源”可知①传承中医药精华守正创新依据原文“二要坚持安全有效的根本要求促进中医药事业和产业高质量融合发展坚持中药质量安全有效根本要求突出质量优先不断提高中药质量、推动中药产业高质量发展”可知②坚持安全有效的根本要求促进中医药事业和产业高质量融合发展依据原文“三要坚持中医药与西医药相互补充、协调发展彰显我国卫生健康发展显著优势服务人民群众健康福祉”“大力发展中医药补齐中医药短板与西医药互相补充擦亮公共卫生体系的中国特色既是构建起强大的公共卫生体系所需也是维护人民生命健康安全之责”可知③大力发展中医药补齐中医药短板与西医药互学互鉴、互补短长答案（1）B（2）A（3）①传承中医药精华守正创新②坚持安全有效的根本要求促进中医药事业和产业高质量融合发展③大力发展中医药补齐中医药短板与西医药互学互鉴、互补短长六、综合读写（本大题共计2小题每题15分共计30分）9.《红楼梦》中贾政不喜欢宝玉始于（）A. 宝玉入塾后与秦钟形影不离引发风言风语B. 贾环诬告宝玉强奸母婢未遂导致金钏赌气投井C. 宝玉抓周时不取纸墨笔砚单抓脂粉钗环D. 赵姨娘串通马道婆施魇魔法贾宝玉中邪乱语【答案】C【解析】本题考查学生对经典名著基本内容、主旨或观点的整体把握能力C．宝玉抓周时不取纸墨笔砚单抓脂粉钗环惹得贾政大怒断言其“将来酒色之徒耳” 所以贾政不喜欢宝玉始于此故选C10.根据语境仿写句子人生不在于成就了多大的事业而重在做好什么所以见到茂密的森林你只要无愧地做林木中挺拔的一棵 ________ ________ 见到无垠的蓝天你只求无愧地做云朵中祥和的一朵虽是一棵却能抗击风雨 ________ ________ 虽是一朵却能装扮蓝天这样的人生也就够了【答案】见到奔腾的江河, 你只盼无愧地做浪花里晶莹的一滴, 虽是一滴, 却能滋润禾苗【解析】本题考查仿写句式的能力仿写句子要兼顾内容和形式两方面既要考虑形式的统一又要考虑内容上的连贯呼应本题仿照的第一个句子为“见到茂密的森林你只要无愧地做林木中挺拔的一棵” 分析可知句子结构为“见到……你只……” 从内容上分析“林木中挺拔的一棵”是前一句“茂密的森林”的一部分考生注意把握句子结构和内容上的相似性即可第二个仿照的句子为“虽是一棵却能抗击风雨” 分析可知句子结构为“虽是……却能……” 从内容上分析“虽是一棵却能抗击风雨” 意为即使是其中的一小部分也能有强大的力量考生注意把握句子结构和内容上的相似性即可2023-2024学年人教版高中语文单元测试班级 __________ 姓名 __________ 考号 __________一、单选题（本大题共计1小题每题3分共计3分）1.（1）文段中的加点词运用不正确的一项是（）1.（2）文段中画线的甲、乙、丙句标点有误的一项是（）A. 倜傥B. 捉襟见肘C. 冰雪聪明D. 而是【答案】D【解析】【答案】A【解析】二、填空题（本大题共计1小题每题3分共计3分）2.在下面一段文字横线处补写恰当的语句使整段文字语意完整连贯内容贴切逻辑严密每处不超过15个字“黑洞”这个名称人们已经不觉得陌生了有人甚至①________ “太空中最自私的怪物” 这究竟是什么意思呢？“黑洞”这个名称的第﹣一个字是“黑” 这表明它绝不向外界发射或反射任何光线因此人们绝对无法看见它②________ 任何东西只要一进人它的边界就别想再溜出来了所以它活像一个“无底洞” 那么要是用盏威力极大的探照灯去照亮黑洞它不就会原形毕露了吗？这也不行射向黑洞的光无论有多强③________ 不会有一点反射这个洞还是黑的【答案】还给它起了个不光彩的外号, “黑洞”的第二个字是“洞”, 都会被黑洞“吃掉”【解析】三、文言文阅读（本大题共计1小题每题15分共计15分）3.（1）下列对文中画线部分的断句正确的一项是（）3.（2）下列对文中画线词语的相关内容的解说不正确的一项是（）3.（3）下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析不正确的一项是（）3.（4）把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语①吾资不适时与其求容之辱不若全吾道②被命举御史某之所知无易马某朝廷不用请纳此敕3.（5）马绛被调往延州的直接原因是什么？请简要说明A. 时在台省/王曾吕蒙正当国重/绛方介有守从容/谓绛直而温/宽而栗/所以成德也/君道少为委蛇/不亦裕欤/B. 时在台省/王曾吕蒙正当国重/绛方介有守/从容谓/绛直而温/宽而栗/所以成德也/君道少为/委蛇不亦裕欤/C. 时在台省/王曾吕蒙正当国/重绛方介有守/从容谓绛/直而温/宽而栗/所以成德也/君道少为委蛇/不亦裕欤/D. 时在台省/王曾吕蒙正当国/重绛方介有守从容/谓绛直而温/宽而栗/所以成德也/君道少为/委蛇不亦裕欤/【答案】C【解析】（1）“王曾吕蒙正当国”句子结构完整“重”作后一句的谓语二者之间应断开排除A、B两项“从容”作“谓”的修饰语中间不能断开“直而温”“宽而栗”句式结构相同前后分别断开排除D项【解析】（2）D项“‘章’指玉带”表述有误“章”是“帽子” “服章” 古代表示官阶身份的服饰【答案】A【解析】（3）A项“专门营造一庭院”表述有误原文是“出知婺州义乌县至则開县扉凡辩讼者径造于一庭为之别白是非” 意思是“出任婺州义乌知县马绛到任后打开县衙大门凡是打官司的人都可以直接进入庭堂马绛给他们辨别是非对错” 此处“造”指“进入” 不是“营造”【答案】（4）①我的性情不合时宜与其遭受乞求接纳的污辱不如保全自己的志节②奉命举荐御史据我所知道没有能替代马绛的朝廷如果不能任用请收回这诏令【解析】（4）①资性情不适时不合时宜求容乞求接纳全保全道志节②举举荐易替代不用不能任用纳收回敕诏令【答案】（5）奉命出使的太监回奏边境的事务时为迎合讨好王钦若暗中诬陷中伤马绛马绛于是被调往延州【解析】（5）从文中“内珰乘传奏边事承河阳指阴诬中绛遂徙延州”可知马绛被调往延州是因为奉命出使的太监回奏边境的事务时为迎合讨好王钦若暗中诬陷中伤马绛四、古诗词鉴赏（本大题共计1小题每题15分共计15分）4.（1）下列对这首词的赏析不正确的一项是（）4.（2）“乱山深处水漂回可惜一枝如画为谁开”描绘了碧桃怎样的特点？请简要分析A. 词的开篇“和露”两个字让人想到碧桃的枝叶上挂着的晶莹的露珠把水灵灵的碧桃呈现在读者面前B. “轻寒细雨情何限”中寒是“轻寒” 雨是“细雨” 诗人以动衬静写出了春天风物宜人的特点C. “不道春难管” 跟上一句构成对比春光是如此美好但是却不能长留在人间表达了诗人对春天的惋惜和无奈之情D. 本诗为一首咏物诗仕途不顺的诗人以碧桃自喻从中寄托了无人赏识、怀才不遇的身世之感【答案】B【解析】【答案】（2）⑩美丽”一枝如画”写出了碧桃的美丽②生长在偏僻之地（生长环境恶劣）“乱山深处” 一“乱”一“深” 写出碧桃托身非所、处地荒僻③无人欣赏”为谁开”的疑问写出了碧桃不得意的遭遇【解析】五、现代文阅读（本大题共计3小题每题15分共计45分）5.（1）下列对小说内容的理解和赏析不正确的一项是（）5.（2）“老妇人偷花”这一情节虽着墨不多但不可或缺请简要说明理由5.（3）简析小说以“时令鲜花”为题的妙处A. 开篇将吕茜尔与少妇并写相互映衬正是两人相似的性格使得艾惕安关注到这位妇人B. 小说插入艾惕安写剧本这一情节引出安多华夫人的相关经历表现出两人精神上的契合C. 对艾惕安的心理描写体现其既有对安多华夫人的爱慕又有对亡妻的愧疚心情复杂D. 小说结尾艾惕安宽慰安多华夫人的话既呼应了上文两人对亡侣的怀念也点明了小说。
高中英语必修单选练习含答案
高中英语必修3单选练习Module 1随堂练习1.I’m putting on weight. The doctor has warned me to __________ sugar.A. keep upB. keep backC. keep offD. keep away2.The longest coral bed in the world is one which lies __________ the northeast coast ofAustralia.A.offB. awayC. fromD. up3.There were a lot of people standing at the door and the small girl couldn’t get _________.A.betweenB. throughC. acrossD. beyond4.—— Would you like to join me for a quick lunch before class?——__________，but I promised Nancy to go out with her.A.I’d like toB. I like itC. I don’tD. I will5.For a moment nothing happened. Then _________ all shouting together.A.voices had comeB. came voicesC. voices would comeD. did voices come6.—— Do you have enough to __________ all your daily expenses?——Oh yes, enough and to spare.A.coverB. spendC. fillD. offer7.For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _________ on his own farm.A.grownB. being grownC. to be grownD. to grow8.Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions _________?A.takingB. takeC. takenD. to take9.—Do you need any help, Lucy?—Yes. The job is ________ I could do myself.A.less thanB. more thanC. no more thanD. not more than10.It took __________ building supplies to construct these energy-saving houses. It took brains,too.A.other thanB. more thanC. rather thanD. less than11.This magazine is very _________ with young people, who like its content and style.A.familiarB. popularC. similarD. particular12.The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a(n) __________ of courage and power.A.exampleB. signC. markD. symbol13.Speaking of all the songs he was written, I think this is probably his ______ one.A.better-knownB. well-knownC. best-knownD. most-known14.They see you as something of a worrier, ___________ problems which don’t exist andcrossing bridges long before you come to them.A.settlingB. discoveringC. seeingD. designing15.We had wanted to finish our task by noon, but it didn’t quite __________ as planned.A.find outB. give outC. hand outD. work out16.——Have you finished your first paper?——__________. Just half of it. How about you?A.Not at allB. Not likelyC. Not a bitD. Not yet17.——Did you return Fred’s call?——I didn’t need to ___________ I’ll see him tomorrow.A.thoughB. unlessC. whenD. because18.The open-air celebration has been put off __________ the bad weather.A.in case ofB. in spite ofC. instead ofD. because of19.——__________when has the country been open to international trade?——1987, I suppose.A.SinceB. InC. FromD. after20.The first edition was published in 1995 and _________ a best seller ever since.A.had beenB. will beC. would beD. has been21.——Wow! You’ve got so many c lothes.——But _________ of them are in fashion now.A.allB. bothC. neitherD. none22.——I’d like some more cheese.——Sorry, there’s __________ left.A.someB. noneC. a littleD. few23.Most of us know we should cut down on fat, but knowing such things isn’t much help when it___________ shopping and eating.A.refers toB. speaks ofC. focuses onD. comes to24.I hear they’ve promoted Tom. but he didn’t mention ___________ when we talked on thephone.A.to promoteB. having been promotedC. having promotedD. to be promoted25. ___________ achievement, last week’s ministerial meeting of the WTO here earned a low, though not failing, grade.A. In terms ofB. In case ofC. As a resultD. In face of26. Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, ___________with his old one.A. comparingB. comparesC. to compareD. compared27. I would like a job which pays more, but __________ I enjoy the work I’m doing at the moment.A. in other wordsB. on the other handC. for one thingD. as a matter of fact28. With summer coming on, the weather gets hot ____________.A. day after dayB. day and nightC. day in and day outD. day by day29. Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future ___________ to thewell-educated.A. belongsB. is belongedC. is belongingD. will be belonged30. According to statistics, a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer _________ a woman.A. thanB. suchC. soD. as31. The way the guests ___________ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service.A. treatedB. were treatedC. would treatD. would be treated32. —Why don’t we choose that road to save time?— The bridge to it ____________.A.has repairedB. is repairedC. is being repairedD. will be repaired33. Either you or one of your students _________to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.A. areB. isC. haveD. be34. Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, ______________ visit Beijing this summer.A. is going toB. are going toC. was going toD. were going to Module1参考答案：随堂练习：1-5 CABAB 6-10 AACBB 11-15 BDCCD 16-20 DDDAD21-25 DBDBA 26-30 DBDADModule 2随堂练习1.— When did you last hear _______ Jay?—He phoned me this morning, and we agreed ______ a time and place to meet.A. of; toB. about; withC. from; withD. from; on2. At the foot of the mountain _________.A. a village lieB. lies a villageC. does a village lieD. lying a village3. _______ material used for running in schools across China may be _______ danger to children’s health.A. /; aB. The; aC. /; theD. The; the4. School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous ________.A. statesB. conditionsC. situationsD. positions5. When he __________ the door, he found his keys were nowhere.A. wouldB. openedC. had openedD. was to open6. Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane ________.A. takes offB. is taking offC. has taken offD. took off7. —Can you show me Mr. Jaffer’s office, please?—_________.But I don’t know if he is in at the moment.A. ThanksB. Go onC. SureD. You are welcome8. My advisor encouraged __________ a summer course to improve my writing skills.A. for me takingB. me takingC. for me t takeD. me to take9. Luckily, the bullet narrowly missed the captain _________ an inch.A. byB. atC. toD. from10. —What’s that noise?— Oh, I forget to tell you. The new machine _________.A. was testedB. will be testedC. is being testedD. has been tested11. Would you please keep silent? The weather report _______ and I want to listen.A. is broadcastB. is being broadcastC. has been broadcastD. had been broadcast12. These young people are now making an active _______ to beautify our city.A. partB. effortC. decisionD. plan13. Several middle-aged passengers fell into the sea. ____, none of them could swim.A. As a factB. LuckyC. UnfortunatelyD. Natural14. This washing machine is environmentally friendly because it uses _______ water and electricity than _________ models.A. less; olderB. less; elderC. fewer; olderD. fewer; elder15. After two years’ research, we now have a _________ better understanding of the disease.A. veryB. farC. fairlyD. quite16. You’re driving too fast. Can you drive ________?A. more slowly a bitB. slowly a bit moreC.. a bit more slowlyD. slowly more a bit17. It was raining heavily, little Mary felt cold, so she stood ________ to her mother.A. closeB. closelyC. closedD. closing18. Let Harry play with your toys as well, Clare—you must learn to ________.A. supportB. careC. spareD. share19. Bill suggested ________ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vocation.A. having heldB. to holdC. holdingD. hold20. Jenny nearly missed the flight _______ doing too much shopping.A. as a result ofB. on top ofC. in front ofD. in need of21. John plays basketball well, ________ his favorite sport is badminton.A. soB. orC. yetD. for22. He found it increasingly difficult to read, _____ his eyesight was beginning to fail.A. thoughB. forC. butD. so23. It is not immediately clear _________ the financial crisis will soon be over.A. sinceB. whatC. whenD. whether24. Peter was so excited _________ he received an invitation from his friend to visit Chongqing.A. whereB. thatC. whyD. when25. —Did you return Fred’s call?—I Didn’t need to _______ I’ll see him tomorrow.A. thoughB. unlessC. whenD. because26. _________ unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former.A. BeforeB. WhereC. UnlessD. Until27. — Shall we have our picnic tomorrow?—________ it doesn’t rain.A. UntilB. WhileC. OnceD. If28. All the dishes in this menu, ________ otherwise stated, will serve two to three people.A. asB. ifC. thoughD. unless29. You may use the room as you like _______ you clean it up afterwards.A. so far asB. so long asC. in caseD. even if30. Leave your key with a neighbor ________ you lock yourself out one day.A. ever sinceB. even ifC. soon afterD. in case31. I haven’t seen Ann for ________ long that I’ve forgotten what she looks like.A. suchB. veryC. soD. too32. _________ the police thought he was the most likely one, since they had no exact proof about it, they could not arrest him.A. AlthoughB. As long asC. If onlyD. As soon asModule2参考答案：随堂练习：1-5 DBBCD 6-10 BCDAC 11-15 BBCAB 16-20 CADCA 21-25 CBDDD 26-30 BDDBD 31-32 CAModule 3随堂练习1．Flying a plane was quite __________ for him at that time, but now he has gained a lot of_________ in flying.A. an experience; experiencesB. an experience; experienceC. experience; experiencesD. experience; experience2. Our neighbour has ________ ours.A. as a big house asB. as big a house asC. the same big house asD. a house the same big as3. I _______ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident _______.A. went; was occurringB. went; occurredC. was going; occurredD. was going; had occurred4. She _________ Japanese when she was in Japan. Now she can speak it freely.A. picked outB. made outC. made upD. picked up5. It was so dark in the cinema that I could hardly ________ my friend.A. turn outB. bring outC. call outD. pick out6. — What do you think of Andrew?— There are some things that are not easy to _________, and his coldness is one.A.put asideB. put up withC. think ofD. get along with7. Don’t be so discouraged. If you ______ such feelings, you will do better next time.A. carry onB. get backC. break downD. put away8. Look at the time table. Hurry up! Flight 4026 _________ off at 18:20.A. takesB. tookC. will be takenD. has taken9. After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane ________ her job as a doctor in the countryside.A. set outB. took overC. took upD. set up10. A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left _________.A. unsatisfiedB. unsatisfyingC. to be unsatisfyingD. being unsatisfied11. A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, _________ all four people on board.A. killedB. killingC. killsD. to kill12. That was not the first time he _________ us. I think it’s high time we ________ strong action against him.A. betrayed; takeB. had betrayed; tookC. has betrayed; tookD. has betrayed; take13. With the government’s aid, those ________ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.A. affectB. affectingC. affectedD. were affected14. Some pre-school children go to a day care center, ________ they learn simple games and songs.A. thenB. thereC. whileD. where15. All the neighbors admire this family ________ the parents are treating their child like a friend.A. whyB. whereC. whichD. that16. Many students signed up for the _________ race in the sports meeting to be held next week.A. 800-metres-longB. 800-metre-longC. 800 metre longD. 800 metres length17. — Is there any possibility ________ you could pick me up at the airport?— No problem.A.whenB. thatC. whetherD. what18. When we visited my old family home, memory came ________ back.A. floodingB. to floodC. floodD. flooded19. — Say, Jane, will you come with me to the game Friday?—__________, Bob, but I promised Mary I ‘d go with her.A.My pleasureB. ThanksC. Take it easyD. Forget it20. The committee is discussing the problem right now. It will ________ have been solved by the end of next week.A. eagerlyB. hopefullyC. immediatelyD. gradually21. — Do you mind if I record your lecture?— ___________. Go ahead.A.Never mindB. No wayC. Not at allD. No. Yo u’d better not22. Why are you so anxious? It isn't your problem __________.A. on purposeB. in allC. on timeD. after all23. At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement _________.A. has been reachedB. had been reachedC. has reachedD. had reachedModule3参考答案：随堂练习：1-5 BBCDD 6-10 BDACA 11-15 BBCDB 16-20 BBABB21-23 CDBModule 4随堂练习1.— Do you still remember the accident?—Yes, actually. I have experienced nothing ___________.A.but frightenedB. except frighteningC. more frightenedD. more frightening2. He was in hospital for six months. He felt as if he was __________ from the outside world.A. cut outB. cut offC. cut upD. cut through3. Although she did not know Boston well, she made her way _________ to the Home Circle Building.A. easy enoughB. enough easyC. easily enoughD. enough easily4. Mum, please __________ before six o’clock tomorrow morning. I have something important to do.A. wake up meB. wake me upC. to wake up meD. to wake me up5. — You are always full of ________. Can you tell me the secret?— Taking plenty of exercise every day.A. powerB. strengthC. forceD. energy6. —It’s a long time since I saw my sister.— _______ her this weekend?A. Why not visitB. Why not to visitC. Why not visitingD. Why don’t visit7. The topic leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly _______.A. atmosphereB. stateC. situationD. phenomenon8. — Do you have anything to say for yourself?— Yes, there is one point ________ we must insist on.A. whyB. whereC. howD. /9. Don’t be _______ by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.A. taken offB. taken outC. taken awayD. taken in10. The news of the mayor’s coming to our school for a visit was _______ on their radio yesterday.A. turned outB. found outC. given outD. carried out11. Don’t be so discouraged. If you _________ such feelings, you will do better next time.A. carry onB. get backC. break downD. put away12. — Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday?—Yes. ________, I’m going to visit some homes for the old in the city.A.If everB. If busyC. If anythingD. If possible13. We all know that, _________, the situation will get worse.A. not if dealt carefully withB. if not carefully dealt withC. if dealt not carefully withD. not if carefully dealt with14. — Can I smoke here?—Sorry. We don’t allow __________ here.A.people smokingB. people smokeC. to smokeD. smoking15. It’s high time you had your hair cut; it’s getting __________.A. too much longB. much too longC. long too muchD. too long much Module4参考答案：随堂练习：1-5 DBCBD 6-10 AADDC 11-15 DDBDBModule5随堂练习1.Fitness is important in sport, but of at least __________ importance are skills.A.fairB. reasonableC. equalD. proper2.Experts have been warning ______ of the health risks caused by passive smoking.A.at a timeB. at one timeC. for some timeD. for the time3.— Have you heard the latest news?—No, what __________?A.is itB. is thereC. are theyD. are those4.The English spoken in the United States is only slightly different from ________ spoken inEngland.A.whichB. whatC. thatD. the one5.Can you make a sentence to _________ the meaning of the idiom?A.show offB. turn outC. bring outD. take on6.— Do you have any idea what Paul does all day?—As I know, he spends at least as much time playing as he _________.A.writesB. does writingC. is writingD. does write7.— I think he is taking an active part in social work.—I agree with you ___________.A.in a wayB. on the wayC. by the wayD. in the way8.Would you please ________ the paper for me and see if there are any obvious.A.look aroundB. look intoC. look upD. look through9.It is reported that he police will soon ______ the case of the two missing children.A.look uponB. look afterC. look intoD. look out10.What’s the _________ of having a public open space where you can’t eat, drink or evensimply hang out for a while?A.senseB. matterC. caseD. opinion11.— Have your working conditions improved?—No, ________ than before, I’m afraid.A.no betterB. a little betterC. not worseD. no worse12._________ people in the world are sending information by e-mail every day.A.Several millionB. Many millionsC. Several millionsD. Manymillion13.In space, too, the Red Cross is expected to send help _________ there is human suffering.A.whoeverB. howeverC. whateverD. wherever14.Learning to play basketball calls for perseverance, strength, time and skill.A.As a resultB. In conclusionC. In generalD. After all15._________ and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patientsought her doctor’s help to end her life.A.Having given up hope of cureB. With no hope for cureC. There being hope for cureD. In the hope of cure16. A person ____ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.A. whoB. whomC. whoseD. whoever17. Mozart’s birthplace and the house _________ he composed “ The Magic Flute” are both museums now.A. whereB. whenC. thereD. which18. Gun control is a subject __________ Americans have argued for a long time.A. of whichB. with whichC. about whichD. into which19. She brought with her three friends, none of ________ I had ever met before.A. themB. whoC. whomD. theseModule5参考答案：随堂练习：1-5 CCACC 6-10 BADCA 11-15 AADBB 16-19 CACCModule6随堂练习1.Many students tried out for the ________ race in the sports meeting to be held next week.A.800-metres-longB. 800-metre-longC. 800-metres-lengthD. 800-metre-length2. My brother is really _________. He often works in his office far into the night.A. open-mindedB. hard-workingC. self-confidentD. warm-hearted3. The custom __________ ancient times.A. is dated back toB. was dated toC. dates fromD. dates to4. — Is Peter there?—________, please. I’ll see if I can find him for you.A.Hold upB. Hold onC. Hold outD. Hold off1.The book contains a vivid description of _________ meeting between the two great leaders in1949.A.historyB. historicC. historicalD. prehistoric2.My father asked me to cut the fruit into half and __________ the seeds.A.moveB. catchC. removeD. touch3.Without air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night _________, too cold for us tolive.A.would be freezing coldB. will be freezing coldlyC. would be frozen coldD. can freeze coldly8. It was not until midnight ________ they reached the campsite.A. thatB. whenC. whileD. as9. They’ve won their last three matches, _________ I find a bit surprising actually.A. thatB. whenC. whatD. which10. My friend showed me round the town, _________ was very kid of him.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. it11. The Science Museum, _________ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London’s tourist attractions.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. where12. All the neighbours admire this family, _________ the parents are treating their child like a friend.A. whyB. whereC. whichD. that13. John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $3 000 more than he ________ for the wedding.A. will planB. has plannedC. would planD. had planned Module6参考答案：随堂练习：1-5 BBCBB 6-10 CAADA 11-13 ABD必修三综合练习（Module7）1.According to the art dealer, the painting ________ to go for at least a million dollars.A.is expectedB. expertsC. expectedD. is expecting2.With a lot of difficult problems _________, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A.settledB. settlingC. to settleD. being settled3.He gave me a book yesterday in his house ________ I was expecting to get.A.whenB. in whichC. /D. where4.The storm was terrible; few houses, __________, were damaged.A.butB. howeverC. orD. and5.The only season that makes one feel ________ is Spring.A.livelyB. lovelyC. liveD. living6.I don’t think Mary and Sue have met before, _________?A.haven’t theyB. have theyC. don’t ID. do I7._______ the police thought he was the most likely one, since they had no exact proof about it,they could not arrest him.A.AlthoughB. As long asC. If onlyD. As soon as8.I did nothing but _______ a letter this morning.A.writeB. to writeC. wroteD. writing9.I could feel the wind _______ on my face from the open window.A.to blowB. blowingC. to be blowingD. blown10.Professor White has written some short stories, but he is _________ known for his plays.A.the bestB. moreC. betterD. the most11.How _______ the students were when they listened to the lecture given by a famous scientist!A.attentivelyB. orderlyC. carefullyD. seriously12.Helen _______ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _______ home.A.has left; comesB. left; had comeC. had left; cameD. hah left; would come13. I often think of the days ________ I stayed with the experts, ________ has a great effect on my job.A. which; thatB. that; whichC. when; whoD. when; which14. — How could you use my computer without my permission?—Oh, I _______ to tell you. I hope you don’t mind.A.forgetB. forgotC. had forgottenD. am forgetting15. — How about the concert last night?—Well, at least it’s ______ the one I saw last time with Joan.A.no worse thanB. no better thanC. not as food asD. as bad as综合练习参考答案：1-5 ACCBA 6-10 BAABC 11-15 BCDBA。
高二数学下册(必修三)导数 单元测试卷及答案解析
高二数学下册（必修三）导数 单元测试卷及答案解析一 、单选题（本大题共8小题，共40分）1.（5分）函数f(x)在x =4处的切线方程为y =3x +5，则f(4)+f ′(4)=( )A. 10B. 20C. 30D. 402.（5分）设a 为实数，函数f (x )=x 3+ax 2+(a −2)x 的导函数是f ′(x)，且f ′(x)是偶函数，则曲线y =f (x )在原点处的切线方程为( )A. y =−2xB. y =3xC. y =−3xD. y =−4x3.（5分）若函数f(x)=x 2+lnx 的图像在(a,f(a))处的切线与直线2x +6y −5=0垂直，则a 的值为( )A. 1B. 2或14C. 2D. 1或124.（5分）已知函数f (x )={&ln (x +1),−1<x ⩽14 x 2+14,x >14 ，且关于x 的方程f (x )−kx =0恰有2个实数解，则实数k 的取值范围是( )A. [1,54] B. [54,+∞)C. [4ln 54,1]D. [4ln 54,1]⋃[54,+∞)5.（5分）曲线y =13x 3 在x =1处切线的倾斜角为( )A. 1B. −π4C. π4D.5π46.（5分） 若曲线f(x)=x 4−4x 在点A 处的切线平行于x 轴，则点A 的坐标为( )A. (-1,2)B. (1,-3)C. (1,0)D. (1,5)7.（5分）曲线f(x)=e x lnx 在x =1处的切线与坐标轴围成的三角形面积为( )A. e4B. e2C. eD. 2e8.（5分）曲线f(x)=x 2+3x 在点A(1,4)处的切线斜率为( )A. 2B. 5C. 6D. 11二 、多选题（本大题共5小题，共25分） 9.（5分）下列命题中是真命题有()A. 若f′(x0)=0，则x0是函数f(x)的极值点B. 函数y=f(x)的切线与函数可以有两个公共点C. 函数y=f(x)在x=1处的切线方程为2x−y=0，则f′(1)=2D. 若函数f(x)的导数f′(x)<1，且f(1)=2，则不等式f(x)>x+1的解集是(−∞,1)10.（5分）若函数y=f(x)的图象上存在两点，使得函数图象在这两点处的切线互相垂直，则称函数y=f(x)具有“T性质”.则下列函数中具有“T性质”的是()A. y=xe x B. y=cosx+1 C. y=1x3D. y=ln2log2x11.（5分）已知函数f(x)=x+√2x图象上的一条切线与g(x)=x的图象交于点M，与直线x=0交于点N，则下列结论不正确的有()A. 函数f(x)的最小值为2√2B. 函数的值域为(−∞,−2√24]C. |MN|2的最小值为16−8√2D. 函数f(x)图象上任一点的切线倾斜角的所在范围为[0,π4]12.（5分）已知曲线上存在两条斜率为3的不同切线，且切点的横坐标都大于零，则实数a可能的取值()A. 196B. 3 C. 103D. 9213.（5分）设函数f(x)=x−ln|x|x，则下列选项中正确的是()A. f(x)为奇函数B. 函数y=f(x)−1有两个零点C. 函数y=f(x)+f(2x)的图象关于点(0,2)对称D. 过原点与函数f(x)相切的直线有且只有一条三、填空题（本大题共5小题，共25分）14.（5分）已知倾斜角为45°的直线l与曲线y=lnx−2x+1相切，则直线l的方程是 ______.15.（5分）已知曲线C：y=x3−3x2+2x，直线l过(0,0)与曲线C相切，则直线l的方程是______ ．16.（5分）函数f(x)={1−2x,x⩾012x2+2x,x<0，函数g(x)=k(x−2)，若方程f(x)=g(x)恰有三个实数解，则实数k的取值范围为__________.17.（5分）函数f(x)=√4x+1，则函数f(x)在x=2处切线的斜率为 ______.18.（5分）某物体作直线运动，其位移S与时间t的运动规律为S=t+2√t(t的单位为秒，S的单位为米)，则它在第4秒末的瞬时速度应该为______米/秒．四、解答题（本大题共5小题，共60分）19.（12分）已知函数f(x)=x3+x−16．(1)求曲线y=f(x)在点(2,−6)处的切线方程；(2)直线l为曲线y=f(x)的切线，且经过原点，求直线l的方程及切点坐标．20.（12分）在抛物线C：y=ax2(a>0)上取两点A(m1,n1),B(m2,n2)，且m2−m1=4，过点A，B分别作抛物线C的切线，两切线交于点P(1,−3).(1)求抛物线C的方程；(2)设直线l交抛物线C于M，N两点，记直线OM，ON(其中O为坐标原点)的斜率分别为k OM,k ON，且k OM.k ON=−2，若ΔOMN的面积为2√3，求直线l的方程.21.（12分）已知函数f(x)=(x+a)lnx，g(x)=x 2e x.已知曲线y=f(x)在点(1,f(1))处的切线与直线2x−y=0平行．(1)求a的值；(2)证明：方程f(x)=g(x)在(1,2)内有且只有一个实根．22.（12分）设f(x)=ae x+1ae x+b(a>0)(I)设曲线y=f(x)在点(2,f(2))的切线方程为y=32x；求a，b的值．(II)求f(x)在[0,+∞)上的最小值．23.（12分）已知曲线y=13x3+43，(1)求曲线在点P(2,4)处的切线方程；(2)求曲线过点P(2,4)的切线方程；(3)求斜率为4的曲线的切线方程．参考答案与解析1.【答案】B;【解析】解：∵函数f(x)在x=4处的切线方程为y=3x+5，∴f′(4)=3，又f(4)=3×4+5=17，∴f(4)+f′(4)=17+3=20.故选：B.由已知可得f′(4)，在切线方程中取x=4求得f(4)，则答案可求．此题主要考查对数的几何意义及其应用，是基础题．2.【答案】A;【解析】此题主要考查导数的几何意义，函数的奇偶性，直线的点斜式方程，属于基础题.求导函数f′(x)，由f′(x)是偶函数求出a的值，然后根据导数的几何意义求切线方程.解：由f(x)=x3+ax2+(a−2)x，得，f′(x)=3x2+2ax+(a−2)，又∵f′(x)是偶函数，∴2a=0，即a=0，∴f′(x)=3x2−2，∴曲线y=f(x)在原点处的切线斜率为−2，曲线y=f(x)在原点处的切线方程为y=−2x，故选A.3.【答案】D;【解析】解：函数f(x)=x2+lnx的导数为f′(x)=2x+1x，在(a,f(a))处的切线的斜率为2a+1a，由切线与直线2x+6y−5=0垂直，可得−13(2a+1a)=−1，解得a=1或12，故选：D．求得f(x)的导数，由导数的几何意义可得切线的斜率，再由两直线垂直的条件，解方程可得所求值．此题主要考查导数的运用：求切线的斜率，以及两直线垂直的条件，考查方程思想和运算能力，属于基础题．4.【答案】C;【解析】此题主要考查了方程的根与函数的图象之间的关系应用及学生的作图能力，同时考查了导数的几何意义的应用，属于中档题．方程f(x)=kx恰有两个不同实数根，等价于y=f(x)与y=kx有2个交点，又k表示直线y= kx的斜率，求出k的取值范围．解：画出函数f(x)图象，可求得函数f(x)=ln(x+1)(−1<x⩽14)图象在点O(0,0)处的切线方程为y=x，过点O(0,0)且与函数f(x)=x2+14(x>14)图象相切的直线方程也为y=x，即得直线y=x为函数f(x)图象的切线，且有两个切点，切点为O(0,0)和A(12,12 )，关于x的方程f(x)−kx=0恰有2个实数解当且仅当直线y=kx函数f(x)图象有两个公共点，由图可知当且仅当k OB⩽k⩽k OA时符合题意，又k OA=1，k OB=ln(14+1)14=4ln54，则求得4ln54⩽k⩽1.故选C.5.【答案】C;【解析】解：∵y =13x 3，∴y ′=x 2，设曲线y =13x 3 在x =1处切线的倾斜角为α，根据导数的几何意义可知，切线的斜率k =y ′|x=1=12=1=tan α， ∴α=π4，即倾斜角为π4． 故选C ．欲求在x =1处的切线倾斜角，先根据导数的几何意义可知k =y ′|x=1，再结合正切函数的值求出角α的值即可．该题考查了导数的几何意义，以及利用正切函数的性质可求倾斜角，本题属于容易题．6.【答案】B;【解析】解：f(x)=x 4−4x 的导数为f ′(x)=4x 3−4， 设切点为A(m,n)，则n =m 4−4m ， 可得切线的斜率为k =4m 3−4=0， 解得m =1，n =−3.即A(1,−3)． 故选：B ．求得函数的导数，设出切点A(m,n)，代入函数式，求得切线的斜率，令它为0，解得m ，n ，进而得到切点A 的坐标．该题考查导数的运用：求切线的斜率，考查导数的几何意义，设出切点和正确求导是解答该题的关键，属于基础题．7.【答案】B; 【解析】此题主要考查导数的几何意义及三角形面积公式，属于基础题，先求出曲线f(x)=e x lnx 在x =1处的切线方程，再其求与坐标轴的交点即可求得三角形面积;解：f ′(x)=e xlnx +e x x，则f ′(1)=e ，f(1)=0，∴曲线f(x)=e x lnx 在x =1处的切线方程为y =e(x −1)，令x=0，得y=−e，令y=0，得x=1，∴切线与坐标轴围成的三角形面积为S=12×e×1=e2.故选B.8.【答案】B;【解析】解：函数的导数为f′(x)=2x+3，所以函数在A(1,4)处的切线斜率k=f′(1)=2+3=5．故选：B．求曲线在点处得切线的斜率，就是求曲线在该点处得导数值．该题考查了导数的几何意义．导数的几何意义是指函数y=f(x)在点x0处的导数是曲线y= f(x)在点P(x0,y0)处的切线的斜率．它把函数的导数与曲线的切线联系在一起，使导数成为函数知识与解析几何知识交汇的一个重要载体．9.【答案】BCD;【解析】此题主要考查极值的概念，导数的几何意义，利用导数研究函数的单调性，利用单调性求解不等式，属于中档题．由题意结合知识点，逐个选项分析即可.解：选项A，若f′(x0)=0，x0不一定是函数f(x)的极值点，例如函数f(x)=x3，f′(0)=0，但x=0不是极值点，故错误；选项B，函数y=f(x)的切线与函数可以有两个公共点，例如函数f(x)=x3−3x，在x=1处的切线为y=−2与函数还有一个公共点为(−2,−2)，故正确；选项C，因为函数y=f(x)在x=1处的切线方程为2x−y=0，所以f′(1)=2，故正确. 选项D，令g(x)=f(x)−x−1，因为函数f(x)的导数f′(x)<1，则g′(x)=f′(x)−1<0，所以函数g(x)=f(x)−x−1在R上单调递减，又g(1)=f(1)−2=0，由不等式f(x) > x+1得g(x) > 0=g(1)，得x 1，所以不等式f(x) > x+1的解集是(−∞,1)，故正确．故选BCD.10.【答案】AB;【解析】解：由题意，可知若函数y =f(x)具有“T 性质”，则存在两点， 使得函数在这两点处的导数值的乘积为−1， 对于A ，(xe x )′=1−x e x，满足条件；对于B ，(cosx +1)′=−sinx ，满足条件；对于C ，(1x 3)′=−3x 4<0恒成立，负数乘以负数不可能得到−1，不满足条件；对于D ，(ln2log 2x)′=ln2.1xln2=1x >0恒成立，正数乘以正数不可能得到−1，不满足条件． 故选：AB.分别求出四个选项中函数的导函数，看是否满足存在两点，使得函数在这两点处的导数值的乘积为−1即可．此题主要考查导数的几何意义及应用，考查化归与转化思想，关键是熟记基本初等函数的导函数，是中档题．11.【答案】ABD; 【解析】此题主要考查导数的运算和几何意义以及基本不等式求最值，属于中档题. 由题意和导数的运算结合基本不等式，逐个选项验证正误即可. 解：已知f(x)=x +√2x，当x >0时，f(x)=x +√2x⩾2√24，当x <0时，f(x)=x +√2x⩽−2√24，故选项A 、B 不正确;设直线l 与函数f(x)的图象相切于点(x 0,x 02+√2x 0)，函数f(x)的导函数为f ′(x)=1−√2x 2=x 2−√2x 2，则直线l 的方程为y −x 02+√2x 0=x 02−√2x 02(x −x 0)，即y =x 02−√2x 02x +2√2x 0，直线l 与g(x)=x 的交点为M(2x 0,2x 0)，与x =0的交点为N(0,2√2x 0)， 所以|MN|2=4x 02+(2x 0−2√2x 0)2=8x 02+8x 02−8√2⩾16−8√2，当且仅当x 02=1时取等号，故选项C 正确; f ′(x)=1−√2x 2=x 2−√2x 2⩽1，可知切线斜率可为负值，即倾斜角可以为钝角，故选项D 不正确.故选ABD.12.【答案】AC;【解析】此题主要考查导数的几何意义和二次方程的实根的分布，考查运算能力，属于中档题．求出导数，由题意可得2x2−2x+a=3有两个不相等的正根，由此列出不等式组即可得到a 的取值范围，进而可得a的可能取值．解：f(x)=23x3−x2+ax−1的导数为f′(x)=2x2−2x+a，由题意可得2x2−2x+a=3有两个不相等的正根，则{Δ=28−8a>0a−32>0，解得3<a<72，故选：AC.13.【答案】BCD;【解析】解：函数f(x)=x−ln|x|x的定义域为{ x|x≠0}，f(−x)+f(x)=1−ln|−x|−x +1−ln|x|x=2≠0，所以f(x)不为奇函数，故A错误；由f(x)=1，可得ln|x|x=0，解得x=±1，故y=f(x)−1有两个零点，故B正确；由f(−x)+f(−2x)+f(x)+f(2x)=[f(−x)+f(x)]+[f(−2x)+f(2x)]=2+2=4，则函数y=f(x)+f(2x)的图象关于点(0,2)对称，故C正确；当x>0时，f(x)=1−lnxx ，f′(x)=−1−lnxx2，设过原点与f(x)相切的切点为(m,n)，则切线的方程为y−n=lnm−1m2(x−m)，即y−1+lnmm =lnm−1m2(x−m)，代入(0,0)，可得1+m=2lnm，设g(m)=2lnm−1−m，g′(m)=2m−1，当0<m<2时，g(m)递增，m>2时，g(m)递减，则g(m)的最大值为g(2)=2ln2−3<0，所以x>0时，不存在过原点的切线；当x<0时，f(x)=1−ln(−x)x ，f′(x)=−1−ln(−x)x2，设过原点与f(x)相切的切点为(s,t)(s<0)，则切线的方程为y−t=ln(−s)−1s2(x−s)，即y−1+ln(−s)s =ln(−s)−1s2(x−s)，代入(0,0)，可得1+s=2ln(−s)，设g(s)=2ln(−s)−1−s，g′(m)=2s−1<0，所以g(s)递减，则g(s)只有一个零点，所以x<0时，只存在一条过原点的切线．综上可得存在一条过原点的切线，故D正确．故选：BCD.由函数的奇偶性和零点、对称性、导数的几何意义，可得结论．此题主要考查导数的运用：求切线的方程，考查方程思想和运算能力、推理能力，属于中档题．14.【答案】x−y+ln2−2=0;【解析】由直线的倾斜角求得直线的斜率，求出原函数的导函数，由导函数值为1求解切点坐标，再由直线方程的点斜式得答案．此题主要考查利用导数研究过曲线上某点处的切线方程，熟记基本初等函数的导函数是关键，是基础题．解：直线的倾斜角为45°，则直线的斜率为tan45°=1，由y=lnx−2x +1，得y′=1x+2x2，由y′=1x +2x2=1，解得x=−1(舍去)或x=2.∴切点坐标为(2,ln2)，则直线l的方程为y−ln2=1×(x−2)，即x−y+ln2−2=0.故答案为：x−y+ln2−2=0.15.【答案】y=−x或y=−14x或y=2x;【解析】求出函数的导数，结合直线关系即可得到结论．这道题主要考查函数的切线的求解，根据函数导数的几何意义是解决本题的关键．注意要进行分类讨论．解：函数的导数为f ′(x)=3x 2−6x +2， 设切点为(a,b)，则k =f ′(a)=3a 2−6a +2，b =a 3−3a 2+2a ， 则切线的方程y −b =(3a 2−6a +2)(x −a)， 即y =(3a 2−6a +2)x −2a 3+9a 2−4a ， ∵直线l 过点(0,0)， ∴−2a 3+9a 2−4a =0， 即2a 3−9a 2+4a =0， 则a(a −4)(2a −1)=0， 解得a =0或a =4或a =12，当a =1时，对应的直线方程为y =−x ， 当a =12时，对应的直线方程为y =−14x ， 当a =0时，对应的直线方程为y =2x ， 故答案为：y =−x 或y =−14x 或y =2x16.【答案】(0,4-2√3) ; 【解析】此题主要考查函数的零点与方程的根之间的关系，函数的导数求解切线方程，考查数形结合以及计算能力，是难题．画f(x)={1−2x ,x ⩾012x 2+2x,x <0，的图象，结合直线g(x)=k(x −2)过定点(2,0)，函数g(x)的图象与f(x)=12x 2+2x ，x <0的图象相切时，函数f(x)，g(x)的图象恰有两个交点．设切点为P(x 0,y 0)，由f ˈ(x)=x +2，x <0，求出切线的斜率，利用函数的图象的交点个数与函数的零点个数，推出k 的范围即可．解：依题意，画出f(x)={1−2x,x⩾012x2+2x,x<0的图象如图：因为直线g(x)=k(x−2)过定点(2,0)，由图象可知，当函数g(x)的图象与f(x)=12x2+2x，x<0的图象相切时，函数f(x)，g(x)的图象恰有两个交点．下面利用导数法求该切线的斜率．设切点为P(x0,y0)，由fˈ(x)=x+2，x<0，则k=f′(x0)=x0+2=12x02+2x0x0-2，解得x0=2+2√3(舍去)或x0=2-2√3，则k=4−2√3，要使方程f(x)=g(x)恰有三个实数解，则函数f(x)，g(x)的图象恰有三个交点，结合图象可的实数k的取值范围为(0,4-2√3)，故答案为(0,4-2√3).17.【答案】23;【解析】解：由f(x)=√4x+1，得f′(x)=2(4x+1)−1 2，所以函数f(x)在x=2处切线的斜率k=f′(2)=23.故答案为：23.对f(x)求导，根据导数的几何意义，得到f(x)在x=2处的切线斜率．此题主要考查了利用导数研究函数的切线方程和导数的几何意义，属基础题．18.【答案】32;【解析】解：S=t+2√t，∴S′=1+√t，∴它在4秒末的瞬时速度为1+√4=32，故答案为：32．物理中的瞬时速度常用导数来求，故求出S的导数，代入4求值．该题考查变化的快慢与变化率，解答本题关键是理解导数的物理意义，由此转化为求导数的问题．19.【答案】解：(1)∵f′(x)=(x3+x−16)′=3x2+1，∴在点(2,−6)处的切线的斜率k=f′(2)=3×22+1=13，∴切线的方程为y=13x−32．(2)设切点为(x0,y0)，则直线l的斜率为f′(x0)=3x02+1，∴直线l的方程为y=(3x02+1)(x−x0)+x03+x0−16．又∵直线l过点(0,0)，∴0=(3x02+1)(−x0)+x03+x0−16，整理，得x03=−8，∴x0=−2，∴y0=(−2)3+(−2)−16=−26，直线l的斜率k=3×(−2)2+1=13，∴直线l的方程为y=13x，切点坐标为(−2,−26)．;【解析】(1)先求出函数的导函数，再求出函数在(2,−6)处的导数即斜率，易求切线方程．(2)设切点为(x0,y0)，则直线l的斜率为f′(x0)=3x02+1，从而求得直线l的方程，有条件直线1过原点可求解切点坐标，进而可得直线1的方程．此题主要考查直线的点斜式方程，属基础题型，较为简单．20.【答案】解：(1)由y=ax2(a>0)得y′=2ax(a>0)，则曲线在点A处的切线斜率为2am1，曲线在点A处的切线方程为y−am12=2am1(x−m1)，曲线在点A处的切线过点P(1,−3)，故am12−2am1−3=0①，同理可得曲线y=ax2(a>0)在点B处的切线方程为y−am22=2am2(x−m2)，∴am12−2am1−3=0②，①−②得m1+m2=2，m2−m1=4，∵m2−m1=4，∴m1=−1,m2=3，将m1=−1代入①，可得a=1，故抛物线方程为x2=y;(2)由题意知直线l的斜率存在，设直线l的方程为y=kx+b，与抛物线C的交点为M(x1,x12),N(x2,x22)，联立得{y=kx+bx2=y，得x2−kx−b=0，∴x1+x2=k,x1.x2=−b，∴k OM.k ON=x12x1.x22x2=x1x2=−2，可得b=2，∴直线l经过点(0,2)，∴SΔ=12×|OP|×|x1−x2|=2√3，∴|x1−x2|=2√3，∴k2=4，∴k=±2，经检验k=±2,b=2符合题意，∴直线l的方程为y=2x+2或y=2x−2.;【解析】此题主要考查了直线与抛物线涉及到利用导数求曲线的切线方程、抛物线的几何性质、直线方程的求法等知识，综合性较强.(1)利用导数，可以求出曲线在点A，B处的切线斜率为2am1，2am2，从而求出切线方程，得到关于m1,m2的关系式，可以求出m的值，从而求出切线方程；(2)设直线l的方程为y=kx+b，与抛物线C的交点为M(x1,x12),N(x2,x22)，联立得{y=kx+bx2=y，得x1+x2=k,x1.x2=−b，求出b=2，根据题意列方程求出k的值，从而求出直线方程.21.【答案】（本题满分为12分）解：（1）f′(x)=lnx+ax+1，由题意知，曲线y=f（x）在点（1，f（1））处的切线斜率为2，则f'（1）=2，所以a+1=2，解得a=1．…（4分）（2）令ˈ(x)=f(x)−g(x)=(x+1)lnx−x 2e x，x∈（1，2），则ˈ(1)=−1e ＜0，ˈ(2)=3ln2−4e2＞0，所以h（1）h（2）＜0，所以函数h（x）在（1，2）内一定有零点，…（8分）可得ˈ′(x)=lnx+x+1x −2x−x2e x(e x)2=lnx+1x+1−−(x−1)2+1e x＞1−1e＞0，∴h（x）在（1，2）上单调递增，所以函数h（x）在（1，2）内有且只有一个零点，即方程f（x）=g（x）在（1，2）内有且只有一个实根．…（12分）;【解析】(1)求得f(x)的导数，可得x=1处切线的斜率，由两直线平行的条件：斜率相等，解方程即可得到所求值．(2)令ˈ(x)=f(x)−g(x)=(x+1)lnx−x2e x ，x∈(1,2)，由ˈ(1)=−1e<0，ˈ(2)=3ln2−4e2>0，可得函数ˈ(x)在(1,2)内一定有零点，进而证明ˈ′(x)>0，可得ˈ(x)在(1,2)上单调递增，即可得证．此题主要考查导数的运用：求切线的斜率，考查两直线平行的条件：斜率相等，考查函数的零点判定定理，正确求导是解答该题的关键，属于中档题．22.【答案】解：（I ）由题意得，f(x)=ae x +1aex+b ，则f ′(x)=ae x −1ae x，因为在点（2，f （2））的切线方程为y=32x ，所以{(f(2)=3f ′(2)=32)， 即{(ae 2+1ae 2+b =3ae 2−1ae 2=32)，解得{(a =2e 2b =12)…（6分）（Ⅱ）设t=e x （t ≥1），则原函数化为：y =at +1at +b ， 所以y ′=a −1at 2=a 2t 2−1at 2，令y ′=0，解得t=±1a ，（1）当a ≥1时，则y ′＞0在[1，+∞）上成立， 所以函数y =at +1at +b 在[1，+∞）上是增函数， 则当t=1（x=0）时，函数f （x ）取到最小值是a +1a +b ； （2）当0＜a ＜1时，y =at +1at +b ≥2+b ，当且仅当at=1（t=e x =1a ＞1，则x=-lna ）时，取等号， 此时函数f （x ）取到最小值是b+2，综上可得，当a ≥1时，函数f （x ）的最小值是a +1a +b ； 当0＜a ＜1时，函数f （x ）的最小值是b+2．…（12分）; 【解析】(Ⅰ)由求导公式和法则求出f ′(x)，根据导数的几何意义和条件列出方程组，求出a 、b 的值； (Ⅱ)设t =e x (t ⩾1)，代入原函数化简并求出导数，根据临界点和区间对a 进行分类讨论，利用导数与单调性、基本不等式求出函数的最小值．此题主要考查求导公式和法则，导数的几何意义，以及导数与函数单调性、基本不等式求函数的最值问题，属于中档题．23.【答案】解：(1)∵P(2,4)在曲线y =13x 3+43上，且y ′=x 2 ∴在点P(2,4)处的切线的斜率k =y ′|x=2=4；∴曲线在点P(2,4)处的切线方程为y −4=4(x −2)，即4x −y −4=0．(2)设曲线y =13x 3+43与过点P(2,4)的切线相切于点A(x 0,13x 03+43)，则切线的斜率k=y′|x=x=x02，∴切线方程为y−(13x03+43)=x02(x−x0)，即y=x02.x−23x03+43∵点P(2,4)在切线上，∴4=2x02−23x03+43，即x03−3x02+4=0，∴x03+x02−4x02+4=0，∴(x0+1)(x0−2)2=0解得x0=−1或x0=2故所求的切线方程为4x−y−4=0或x−y+2=0．(3)设切点为(x0,y0)则切线的斜率为k=x02=4，x0=±2.切点为(2,4)，(−2,−43)∴切线方程为y−4=4(x−2)和y+43=4(x+2)即4x−y−4=0和12x−3y+20=0．;【解析】该题考查学生会利用导数研究曲线上某点的切线方程，是一道综合题．学生在解决此类问题一定要分清“在某点处的切线”，还是“过某点的切线”；同时解决“过某点的切线”问题，一般是设出切点坐标解决．(1)根据曲线的解析式求出导函数，把P的横坐标代入导函数中即可求出切线的斜率，根据P的坐标和求出的斜率写出切线的方程即可；(2)设出曲线过点P切线方程的切点坐标，把切点的横坐标代入到(1)求出的导函数中即可表示出切线的斜率，根据切点坐标和表示出的斜率，写出切线的方程，把P的坐标代入切线方程即可得到关于切点横坐标的方程，求出方程的解即可得到切点横坐标的值，分别代入所设的切线方程即可；(3)设出切点坐标，由切线的斜率为4，把切点的横坐标代入导函数中求出的函数值等于4列出关于切点横坐标的方程，求出方程的解即可得到切点的横坐标，代入曲线方程即可求出相应的纵坐标，根据切点坐标和斜率分别写出切线方程即可．。
高中英语人教版必修三unit3单选题精选 含答案备课讲稿
必修三Unit 3 纠错考1.They __ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayedA. willB. canC. mustD. should2.-- Could I use your computer for a few minutes, please?--___. I’m not using it myselfA. Come onB. It dependsC. That’s greatD. Go ahead3.--__I stop here, sir? –No, go on to the next paragraph, pleaseA. WillB. WouldC. MayD. Ought4.--- Can your factory really afford___ food for the people in the flooded area?--- I believe we can because we have___ workersA. a number of; plenty ofB. a large amount of; a number ofC. a great amount of; a great deal ofD. plenty of; the number of5.I___ through that bitter period without your generous helpA. couldn’t have goneB. wouldn’t goC. didn’t goD. hadn't gone6.Why don’t you bring___ to his attention that you’re too ill to work on?A. thatB. thisC. itD. him7.Passengers are permitted__ only piece of hand luggage onto the planeA. to carryB. to be carriedC. carryingD. being carried8.When you stayed in a rent room in that town last month, you___ with my brother Tony. He lives alone there A. must have stayed B. shouldn't have stayedC. could have stayedD. need have stayed9.It’s not what we to once in a while___ shapes our lives, but what we do consistentlyA. whichB. howC. thatD. when10.The tomato juice left a brown___ on my newly—bought dressA. pointB. spotC. trackD. trace11.Wherever he goes, the poor young man is ready to accept___ help he can getA. whateverB. howeverC. whicheverD. whenever12.-- I probably shouldn’t have any more cake.---Oh,__ .It won’t kill youA. go aheadB. you’re welcomeC. hold on, pleaseD. that’ll do13.He was____ by police boarding a plane for ParisA. realizedB. knownC. spottedD. stared14.He began to cry when he heard the news. –But you___ him the truth at that momentA. shouldn't tellB. could not have toldC. shouldn't have toldD. needn’t tell15.You didn’t bother me;____, I like your companyA. as a resultB. on the contraryC. in a wayD. in a word16.We made a bet ___ Tare___ who was going to arrive firstA. with; aboutB. with; /C. with; onD. with; over17.He ___ speak to his mother like thatA. ought not toB. not ought toC. doesn't ought toD. ought to not18.And now he___ shifts to the house, where the murderer is lying in waitA. senseB. signC. sceneD. view19.--Look at these tracks. It___ be a wolf—Don’t be so sure, I think it__ be a foxA. must; couldB. need; mustC. may; mightD. could; need20.The fire spread through the net bar very quickly, but everyone___ get outA. was able toB. had toC. couldD. would21.He has great belief __ the lawyer A. about B. in C. with D. of22.I think she hurt my feelings on purpose rather than____ as she saidA. by designB. by choiceC. by accidentD. by mistake23.____ should any money be given to a small child(安徽检测)A. On no accountB. From all accountsC. Of no accountD. By all accounts24. You must____ every penny you spend during a business tripA. account forB. make upC. tale onD. turn on25.-- Have you seen the film “Under the Hawthorn Tree”?----Of course, I have. It was in our village____ it was made（2011重庆）A. thatB. whichC. whenD. where26.-- What do you think we can do for our aged parents?--- You___ do anything except to be with them and be yourselfA. don't have toB. mustn’tC. oughtn’t toD. can't27.When I woke up, I found myself＿in bed and___ by doctors and nursesA. lying; surroundingB. laying; surroundedC. lying; surroundedD. lain; surrounded28.It’s not worth___ for you to jump into the river to rescue others if you can’t waitA. to take a chanceB. to take chancesC. taking a chanceD. Both Band C29.I looked up to see a young woman___ standing at the side of the road, beggingA. in angerB. in turnC. in ragsD. in truth30.I___ the new type of DVD, but I didn't get enough money with meA. should have boughtB. need have boughtC. could have boughtD. must have bought31.You are not permitted__ aloneA. to be taking a chanceB. take a chanceC. to take a chanceD. taking a chance32.___ your advice, I’m sure to take it into accountA. In spite ofB. But forC. Because ofD. As for33.As far as I am remember, my mother always remind me of table____ during dinnerA. habitsB. mannersC. waysD. conditions34.-- Have you seen the film ”Under the Hawthorn Tree”?--- Of course, I have. It was in our village___ it was madeA. thatB. whenC. whereD. which35.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That’s why I ___ wait until the rain stoppedA. mightB. ought toC. shouldD. had to36.The pilot, whether___ or design, made the plane do a sharp turnA. by accidentB. suddenlyC. at timesD. all at once37.--I’m sorry but the traffic is so heavy. –Does that___ why you are so late?A. ask forB. forgiveC. believe inD. account for38.--I don’t really like James, why did you invite him?-Don’t worry. He___ come. He said he wasn’t certain what his plans wereA. would notB. must notC. need notD. might not39.Tom, you___ leave all your clothes in the floor like this!A. wouldn’tB. mustn’tC. needn’tD. may not40.A cook will be immediately fired if he is found____A. smokeB. to smokeC. smokingD. smoked41.When we were young, every evening my brother and I__ stay at home waiting for our motherA. wouldB. shouldC. mightD. could42.The special medicine for the disease was difficult to find though___ everywhereA. soughtB. being soughtC. having soughtD. having been sought43.Mary was taking a holiday with her family in a wildlife park___ she was bitten on the leg by a lionA. WhenB. whileC. sinceD. before44.She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do___ it takes to save her life.(湖南高考)A. whicheverB. howeverC. whateverD. whoever45.The medicine works more effectively ____ you drink some hot water after taking it(浙江高考)A. asB. untilC. althoughD. if46.The man__ go out for a walk after supper when he was youngA. mightB. wouldC. couldD. should47.“You___ smoke in the bedroom!” Rose said to her husband and pushed him out of the roomA. needn’tB. dare notC. couldn’tD. mustn’t48.It was rude___ you to stare at the foreigner when he passed by just nowA. withB. ofC. forD. to49.Some pirates appeared, so they____ change their routeA. mustB. had toC. shouldD. ought to50.It__ be the postman at the door. It’s only six o’clock A. mustn’t B. won’t C. can’t D. needn’t51.If you__ go, at least wait until t the storm is over A. can B. may C. must D. will52.--Why didn’t you come to Simon’s party last night?--I wanted to, but my mom simply__ not let me out so late at nightA. wouldB. couldC. mightD. could53.There is no light on—they__ be at home A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. shouldn’t54.___ felt funny watching myself on TVA. OneB. ItC. ThisD. That55.Born into a family with three brothers, David was ___ to value the sense of sharingA. brought upB. looked upC. turned downD. held back56.My sister met him at the cinema yesterday afternoon, so he___ your lectureA. shouldn't have attendedB. needn’t have attendedC. mustn’t have attendedD. couldn’t have attended57.-- Would you permit me___ here? ---Sorry, we don’t permit___ here in the labA. smoking; smokingB. to smoke; to smokeC. smoking; to smokeD. to smoke; smoking58.--Will you read me a story, Mummy?--Ok. You__ have one if you go to bed as soon as possibleA. canB. willC. shallD. must59.A computer__ think for itself, it must be told what to doA. can’t B. may not C.couldn’t D. might not60.Although I liked the appearance of the house, what really made me decided to buy it was the beautiful___ through the windows A. sight B. view C. scene D. scenery61.Many of the artists who___ didn't comeA. ought to appearB. should appearC. had to appearD. ought to have appeared62.He was hit by a falling tree and killed____A. under the spotB. in the spotC. on the spotD. on spot63.--____ I return the dictionary within three days?---No, you____. You____ keep it for five daysA. May; needn’t; willB. Must; don’t have to; canC. Can; mustn’t; wouldD. Shall; can’t; should64.He can get used to the city life here because he was___ in the countrysideA. grown upB. fedC. trainedD. brought up65.It was___ he came back from American that year___ he met the girl he would like to marry.(江西高考) A. when; when B. not; until C. not until; that D. only; when66.--- Bill，can I get you anything to drink? ---_____(江苏高考)A. You’re welcomeB. No problemC. I wouldn’t mind a coffeeD. Doesn’t matter67.Just as Professor Scotti often___ it, success is ninety-nine percent mental attitude(安徽高考)A. getsB. putsC. makesD. means68.____ David says sounds right to Helen. That’s why she has made up he mind to live with him____ happensA. Whatever; whateverB. Whatever; howeverC. No matter what; whateverD. No matter what; no matter what69.--No one__ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball. – Oh, you are really his big fanA. canB. mustC. needD. might70.Was it on a lonely island__ he was saved one month after the boat went down?A. whereB. whichC. thatD. what71.Don’t ___ at me in that way. It makes me uneasy A. glance B. glare C. stare D. watch72.-- I wonder why Mr. Green hasn’t showed up at the meeting yet---I’m not sure, but he___ in a traffic jam driving hereA. could be struckB. might have been struckC. might have struckD. must have been struck73.It was not until midnight___ they reached the camp siteA. thatB. whenC. asD. while74.-- Hi, any idea where Bill is?—He__ in the library. I say him reading books there just nowA. shall beB. must beC. should have beenD. might have been75.We met___ and have become good friends since thenA. by mistakeB. by accidentC. by ourselvesD. by the way76.The train was ten minutes late, so I____ have run all the way to the stationA. couldn'tB. needn’tC. wouldn’tD. mustn’t77.He__ his friend in the crowd, and he ___ his friend had changed a lotA. sought out; spottedB. worked; spottedC. spotted; sought outD. spotted; picked out78.Recent pressure at work may___ his behaviorA. account forB. stand forC. pay forD. leave for1-10 DDCBA CACCB 11-20 AACCB CACAA 21-30 BCAAA ACCCC 31-40 CDBAD ADDBC 41-50 AAACD BDBBC 51-60 CACBA DDCAB 61-70 DCBDC CBAAC 71-78 CBABB BCA。
高中化学选择性必修3第三章第一节卤代烃同步练习题含答案
5．A
【详解】由结构的对称性可知，有机物A分子中苯环上含3种H（ ），苯环上的一溴代物有3种。
答案选A。
6．C
【详解】化合物B结构简式为 ，其同分异构体中能同时满足下列条件：a．含苯环的醛、酮；b．不含过氧键(-O-O-)；c．核磁共振氢谱显示四组峰，且峰面积比为3∶2∶2∶1，说明为醛或酮，而且含有甲基，根据要求可以写出： ， ， ， ，故有4种不同结构，故合理选项是C。
B．由溴乙烷→乙醇，只需溴乙烷在碱性条件下加热水解即可，路线不合理，且由溴乙烷→乙烯为消去反应，B错误；
C．1-溴丁烷发生消去反应得到1-丁烯，与溴水加成得到的1，2-二溴丁烷，再发生消去反应可得到→1-丁炔，路线合理，C正确；
D．乙烯与溴水加成后得到1，2-二溴乙烷，再发生消去反应可得到乙炔，路线合理，D正确；
（1）
由以上分析可知，B为乙醇，B中所含官能团的名称是羟基；E为苯甲酸，与乙醇发生酯化反应生成苯甲酸乙酯。
故答案为：羟基；苯甲酸乙酯
（2）
由以上分析可知，反应②的化学方程式为
故答案为：
（3）
I的分子式为 ，由G的结构及已知信息ⅰ可知I的结构简式为 。
故答案为：
（4）
M分子中含有10个碳原子而K分子中只有8个碳原子，所以是取代反应增长碳链，则反应③为取代反应。
D．挥发性卤代烃可能是氯气与水中含有的微量有机物反应而生成的
5．已知物质A的结构简式为 ，其苯环上的一溴代物有
A．3种B．4种C．6种D．8种
6．近年来，以大豆素(化合物C)为主要成分的大豆异黄酮及其衍生物，因其具有优良的生理活性而备受关注。大豆素的合成及其衍生化的一种工艺路线如下：
化合物B的同分异构体中能同时满足下列条件的有()。
全国通用2023高中英语必修三Unit3DiverseCultures全部重要知识点
全国通用2023高中英语必修三Unit3DiverseCultures全部重要知识点单选题1、If ________ to very loud music every day, young people may risk going deaf.A．exposeB．exposingC．exposedD．to expose答案：C考查过去分词作条件状语。
句意：如果每天听很大声的音乐，年轻人可能会有失聪的风险。
be exposed to do sth.“曝光，暴露”，此处是if和过去分词构成条件状语，故选C。
2、The world will be different, and we will have to be prepared to _________ the change. A．reflectB．produceC．bring aboutD．adapt to答案：D考查动词及短语词义辨析。
句意：世界将会变得不一样, 我们要做好准备适应这个改变。
A. reflect反映；B. produce生产；C. bring about带来；D. adapt to适应。
根据“The world will be different,”可知，我们应该做好准备来适应世界的改变。
故选D。
3、Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still ________ the traditional customs. A．settleB．postponeC．observeD．support答案：C考查动词词义辨析。
句意：虽然在国外生活了多年，许多中国人仍然遵守传统习俗。
A. settle定居；B. postpone 延期；C. observe观察，庆祝；D. support支持。
observe the traditional customs为固定搭配，意为“遵守传统习俗”。
人教版生物必修三(1-3)测试试题及答案
人教版生物必修三(1-3)测试试题及答案生物必修三（1-3）测试题一、单选题1.下列物质中，正常情况下会出现在人体内环境中的是A. 蛋白质酶B. 糖原C. 神经递质D. 血红蛋白2.如图为人体体液之间的物质交换示意图，下列叙述错误的是A. 图中A、C、D参与人体内环境的组成B. DNA解旋酶可以存在于B内C. 乙酰胆碱和激素可存在于C中D. D可以运输养料、二氧化碳、尿素和糖元等物质3.如图为人体细胞与内环境之间物质交换的示意图，①、②、③、④分别表示人体内不同部位的液体。
据图判断下列说法正确的是( )A. 体液①中含有激素、氨基酸、尿素、CO2等物质B. ②内没有蛋白质C. ③内若产生乳酸会引起①、②、④内pH的剧烈变化D. ①、②、④是机体进行细胞代谢活动的主要场所4.分别向20m L的新鲜血浆中滴加相同浓度的稀盐酸和稀N a OH溶液，血浆酸碱度变化与滴加滴数的关系正确的是（）A. B. C. D.5.下列关于内环境稳态的叙述,错误的是A. 内环境稳态遭到破坏,机体的生命活动将受到威胁B. 内环境稳态是由体内各种调节机制所维持的C. 肾脏随时排出内环境中多余的尿素、无机盐等D. 肝脏储存的肝糖原在血糖浓度下降时不断地释放到血液中6.动植物细胞均具有高尔基体，依据高尔基体囊泡内容物对细胞作出的判断，正确的是（）A. 若为消化酶，则一定会被排出细胞到达内环境中B. 若为神经递质，则该细胞会出现核膜核仁周期性变化C. 若为胰岛素，则该细胞表面有神经递质、血糖、胰高血糖素的受体D. 若为抗体，则该细胞能特异性识别抗原7.下列各项与下丘脑功能无直接关系的是（）A. 机体调节内分泌活动的枢纽B. 血液pH的稳态C. 体温的恒定D. 血糖稳态的调节1 / 138.如图为人体的生命活动调节示意图，下列有关叙述中不正确的是（）A. 饮水过少时，激素D作用的靶器官主要是肾小管和集合管B. 血糖平衡调节过程中的A→C→D→E属于体液调节C. 人的手被针扎时，其调节过程通过A→B→E来实现，属于神经调节D. 体温调节过程中的内分泌腺C包括下丘脑、胸腺、肾上腺和甲状腺9.下列有关人体内环境稳态及其调节的叙述，正确的是（）A. 摄入过多过咸的食物后，会引起细胞内液的量增加B. 骨骼肌纤维内乳酸积累较多，会引起细胞体积增大C. 剧烈运动引起的大量出汗会导致失水过多，从而抑制抗利尿激素的分泌D. 人体静脉注射一定量的0.9%NaCl溶液后，将导致细胞内液中Na+浓度大于细胞外液10.下列不属于内环境稳态范畴实例的是：A. HCO3﹣与HPO42﹣等离子共同作用，使血浆的pH维持在7. 35～7. 45B. 人体内的吞噬细胞清除衰老、破损和异常的细胞C. 进行高强度的体育锻炼一星期，肌细胞内肌蛋白的含量基本不变D. 人在剧烈运动出很多汗后，细胞外液的渗透压会升高11.以下关于人体免疫的叙述，正确的是A. 泪液中的溶菌酶清除侵染机体细菌的过程属于体液免疫B. 对同种抗原的二次免疫主要通过初次免疫存留的抗体发挥作用C. 先天性胸腺缺失患儿的细胞免疫功能完全丧失D. HIV侵染人体的T细胞只影响细胞免疫过程12.下列与每人体健康有关的说法中，错误的是A. 人类免疫缺陷病毒主要攻击人体内的B淋巴细胞B. 糖尿病患者的血浆渗透压一般高于正常人的血浆渗透压C. 癌症的发生与免疫系统的监控和清除功能低下有关D. 系统性红斑狼疮和类风湿性关节炎属于自身免疫病13.下列有关免疫的叙述，正确的是（）A. 相同病毒再次感染人体时，机体通过记忆细胞产生抗体B. 侵入靶细胞内的病毒可被效应T细胞直接杀死C. 抗生素杀死人体内环境中的细菌属于体液免疫D. DNA疫苗（DNA片段）不能直接诱发机体特异性免疫14.下图表示人体通过体液免疫消灭破伤风杆菌外毒素的过程，下列相关叙述正确的是A. 细胞2、细胞3均起源于造血干细胞B. 仅细胞4中含有合成物质a的基因C. ②、③过程与细胞膜上蛋白质无关D. 细胞4、细胞5均属于保留分裂能力的细胞人教版生物必修三(1-3)测试试题及答案3 / 1315. HIV 能通过细胞表面的CD4(一种受体蛋白)识别T 细胞(如图甲),如果给AIDS 患者大量注射用CD4修饰过的红细胞,红细胞也会被HIV 识别、入侵(如图乙)。
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单元质量检测
I. 单项填空
1. He was seriously ill. That’s ______ he didn’t appear at the party.
A. because
B. what
C. why
D. when
2. It is_______ that I can still remember_______ was discussed at the meeting.
A. sure; when
B. sure; what
C. certain; when
D. certain; what
3. According to a UN report, 30 percent of the world population have no______ to clean drinking water and health care.
A. sense
B. chance
C. access
D. standard
4. —Do you like The Legend of Bruce Lee?
—Yes. I think it is popular_______ the country.
A. through
B. across
C. over
D. from
5. —How are you getting on with your business, Tom?
—I’m glad to say it is______ after several months’ depression.
A. picking up
B. making up
C. taking up
D. turning up
6. It was on the farm_______ he spent his childhood learning how to grow vegetables.
A. where
B. that
C. when
D. which
7. It is said that the desert is moving as_____ whole in_____ direction of the city.
A. a; /
B. /; the
C. a; the
D. the; a
8. —Is this book interesting?
—Yes, but I’m sure it won’t interest______.
A. everybody
B. anybody
C. nobody
D. somebody
9. Our English teacher has______ the English language in this text to make it easier for us to understand.
A. changed
B. simplified
C. developed
D. combined
10. The next Olympic Games_______ in London in 2012.
A. is about to be held
B. is to be held
C. is going to hold
D. will hold
11. —What is the_______ language of India?
—English.
A. foreign
B. international
C. official
D. native
1. This drawing is _____ to show the different shares each company takes up in the market.
A. decided
B. determined
C. meant
D. remained
2. Dieting (节食) also means __________ careful about which foods you buy.
A. being
B. to be
C. having been
D. /
3. People ______ round, curious to know what was happening.
A. collected
B. gathered
C. selected
D. elected
4. Students can _________valuable experience by working on the campus radio or magazine.
A. gain
B. study
C. win
D. award
5. People usually __________ stamps from the country where they live.
A. gather
B. collect
C. pick
D. buy
6. The doctors tried every cure they can __________ to save the patient.
A. think over
B. think about
C. think on
D. think of
7. He is neither______ European, nor______ American. He is from______ Australia.
A. a; a; /
B. a; an; the
C. a; an; /
D. an; an; /
8. The boy had no other choice but ______ the woman ______ breaking the window.
A. to apologize to; for
B. to apologize; for
C. apologizing for; to
D. to apologize for; for
9. We always keep ________ spare paper, in case we run out.
A. too much
B. a number of
C. plenty of
D. a good many
10. The day everyone had been looking forward to __________ at last.
A. coming
B. came
C. has come
D. will come
11. Beckworth shook his head __________ to say “Don't trust her.”
A. unless
B. until
C. even though
D. as though
12. Traditionally, people make cakes __________ chicken, duck, tortoise, pig, cow or sheep with rice flour to celebrate the festivals.
A. in memory of
B. in honour of
C. in the shape of
D. in the name of
13. I am sure something better will __________, but nobody believes me.
A. turn up
B. turn down
C. turn on
D. turn off。