China, India in sharp contrast in anti-dumpin
不同的国家有不同的文化英语作文
不同的国家有不同的文化英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Different Countries, Different CulturesCulture is a vital aspect of human society, and it varies greatly from one country to another. Every country has its own unique customs, traditions, beliefs, and values that shape the way of life of its people. In this essay, we will explore how different countries have distinct cultures that make them special and interesting.One of the most evident ways in which cultures differ across countries is through their traditions and customs. For example, in China, the Lunar New Year is a significant holiday where families gather to eat festive meals, exchange red envelopes with money, and set off fireworks to ward off evil spirits. In contrast, in India, Diwali is the festival of lights where people decorate their homes with lamps, burst firecrackers, and share sweets with loved ones to celebrate the victory of light over darkness.Another aspect that distinguishes cultures is their language and communication styles. For instance, in Japan, the polite formof language, known as Keigo, is used to show respect to elders and superiors. In France, formal greetings, such as kissing on the cheeks, are common when meeting someone for the first time. In the United States, a firm handshake and maintaining eye contact are considered signs of confidence and professionalism.Religion also plays a significant role in shaping cultures around the world. In Saudi Arabia, Islam is the dominant religion, and the country follows strict Islamic laws and customs that govern various aspects of life, including dress code, prayer rituals, and social interactions. In Italy, Catholicism is the predominant religion, and festivals such as Easter and Christmas are widely celebrated with church services, parades, and feasting.Moreover, food and cuisine are essential elements of culture that reflect the history, geography, and traditions of a country. In Mexico, tacos, enchiladas, and tamales are popular dishes made with corn, beans, and chili peppers that have been passed down through generations. In Japan, sushi, sashimi, and ramen are traditional foods that highlight the use of fresh seafood, rice, and noodles in their cuisine.In addition to these aspects, art, music, dance, and literature also contribute to the rich tapestry of cultural diversity in different countries. For example, the flamenco dance in Spain,the opera in Italy, the calligraphy in China, and the reggae music in Jamaica are all forms of artistic expression that reflect the values, emotions, and beliefs of the people.Overall, the diversity of cultures around the world is a testament to the beauty and complexity of human civilization. Each country has its own distinctive culture that is shaped by its history, geography, religion, language, food, art, and traditions. By respecting and appreciating these differences, we can learn from one another, foster mutual understanding, and celebrate the richness of our global heritage. As the famous anthropologist Margaret Mead once said, "Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world; indeed, it's the only thing that ever has." Let us embrace the cultural differences that make our world a fascinating and vibrant place to explore and experience.篇2Different countries have different cultures, and this diversity is what makes the world so fascinating. From the way people greet each other to the food they eat and the values they hold dear, every country has its own unique culture that sets it apart from the rest. In this essay, we will explore some of the key differences in cultures across different countries.One of the first things that you notice when you travel to a new country is the way people greet each other. In Western countries, a handshake is a common way to greet someone, while in Asian countries, bowing or a slight nod of the head is more typical. In some countries, such as France, a kiss on the cheek is a common form of greeting among friends. These cultural differences may seem small, but they are an important part of how people connect with each other.Another key difference in cultures is the food that people eat. Each country has its own unique cuisine that reflects its history, geography, and values. In Italy, for example, pasta and pizza are staples of the diet, while in Japan, sushi and ramen are popular dishes. In India, curry is a common ingredient in many dishes, while in Mexico, tacos and tamales are popular street foods. The food that people eat is not just a way to nourish their bodies; it is also a way to connect with their cultural heritage.Values and beliefs are also an important part of a country's culture. In some countries, such as the United States, individualism and self-reliance are highly valued, while in other countries, such as Japan, collectivism and group harmony are more important. In some countries, such as Sweden, equality and social welfare are highly valued, while in others, such as SaudiArabia, traditional values and gender roles are more prominent. These differences in values and beliefs shape how people interact with each other and with the world around them.In addition to these differences, there are many other aspects of culture that vary from country to country. For example, music and dance are important cultural expressions in many countries, with each culture having its own unique styles and traditions. In Ireland, traditional folk music is a popular form of expression, while in Brazil, samba and bossa nova are key parts of the cultural identity. Art and literature also play a crucial role in shaping a country's culture, with each country having its own unique styles and themes.Despite these differences, there are also many similarities in culture that connect people across borders. The desire for love, connection, and meaning is universal, and people around the world share many of the same hopes, dreams, and fears. The spread of technology and globalization has also led to an increasing exchange of ideas, values, and traditions between countries, blurring the lines between different cultures.In conclusion, the diversity of cultures across different countries is what makes the world such a rich and vibrant place. From the way people greet each other to the food they eat andthe values they hold dear, every country has its own unique culture that shapes how people live their lives. By embracing and celebrating these differences, we can learn from each other, build connections, and create a more inclusive and understanding world.篇3Different Countries, Different CulturesCulture is what defines a society and distinguishes it from others. It encompasses a wide range of aspects including beliefs, traditions, customs, language, art, and cuisine. Each country has its own unique culture that contributes to its identity and shapes the way its people interact with the world. In this essay, we will explore how different countries have different cultures and discuss the impact of these cultural differences on international relations and global cooperation.One of the most obvious manifestations of cultural diversity is language. Each country has its own language or languages that are spoken by its people. Language is not just a means of communication, but also a reflection of the values, history, and traditions of a culture. For example, English is widely spoken in the United States and the United Kingdom, but with differencesin accent, vocabulary, and spelling that reflect the distinct histories and influences of each country.Another important aspect of culture is religion. Different countries have different dominant religions that play a significant role in shaping their social norms and practices. For example, the predominant religion in Saudi Arabia is Islam, which has a profound influence on daily life, including dress codes, dietary restrictions, and social interactions. In contrast, India is a predominantly Hindu country, where practices such as worshipping multiple gods and participating in elaborate rituals are common.Cuisine is also an important part of a country's culture. Each country has its own traditional dishes and culinary practices that reflect its climate, geography, history, and values. For example, sushi is a staple food in Japan, where seafood is abundant and raw fish is considered a delicacy. In contrast, pasta and pizza are popular in Italy, reflecting the country's agricultural traditions and love for simple, flavorful ingredients.Art and literature are also important components of culture that vary from country to country. Each country has its own artistic traditions, styles, and themes that reflect its history, values, and worldview. For example, Chinese art is known for itsdelicate brushwork and harmonious compositions, influenced by Confucian principles of balance and harmony. In contrast, Western art often emphasizes individualism, experimentation, and realism, reflecting the values of democracy and freedom.Cultural differences can sometimes lead to misunderstandings and conflicts between countries. For example, gestures, symbols, or words that are considered polite or respectful in one culture may be offensive or inappropriate in another. This can create barriers to communication, cooperation, and diplomacy, making it difficult for countries to work together on common goals or resolve disputes peacefully.However, cultural diversity can also be a source of strength and innovation. By embracing and celebrating the unique traditions, perspectives, and talents of different cultures, countries can enrich their own societies and learn from each other. Cultural exchange programs, international festivals, and collaborative projects can help foster mutual understanding, respect, and friendship between nations, promoting peace, tolerance, and unity in a globalized world.In conclusion, different countries have different cultures that shape their identities and influence their interactions with the world. By recognizing and appreciating the diversity of culturesaround the world, we can promote understanding, cooperation, and harmony among nations. Embracing cultural differences as a source of strength and creativity, we can build a more inclusive, peaceful, and prosperous global community for future generations to enjoy.。
Comparison,Contrast and Culture Impressions of a Chinese in India
Ｃｏｍｐａｒｉｓｏｎ，ＣｏｎｔｒａｓｔａｎｄＣｕｌｔｕｒｅＩｍｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎｓｏｆａＣｈｉｎｅｓｅｉｎＩｎｄｉａIvisited India at the invitation ofIndia'sPhotographers' Association and theKarnataka state government as a mem-ber of a Chinese delegation composedof participants of the Pingyao InternationalPhotography Festival. It was December, andthe weather in Beijing was chilly, but imme-diately upon disembarking the plane at NewDelhi's Indira Gandhi International Airporta balmy blast of summer-like air greetedus. And so I noted the first of many ways inwhich India and China differ.Flying on from New Delhi to Banga-lore, we had an opportunity to survey thegeography of the South Asian nation fromthe air. The terrain is generally level, withfew mountains or hills. In accommodating anational population of 1 billion, second onlyto China, India benefits from a greater shareof arable land.The Indian people are typically very gra-cious. At each city, town and village we vis-ited, we were warmly received with flowersand smiles. The Pingyao International Pho-tography Festival (Asia) press conference inBangalore went off successfully, with greatemphasis placed on friendship and coopera-tion between China and India. Known astheSilicon Valley of India, Bangalore, the capi-tal of the state of Karnataka, also serves asthe center for the media and film industries.In covering the festival, the Indian press fo-cused on the cooperation between the neigh-boring nations. Newspapers, like the Timeso~ India and Hindustan Times, reported onthe press conference the following day.Ac-companied by large-format images, enrouteto visits, at the hotels and at newsstands, wesaw headlines such as "A View of Chinathrough the Lens."In Karnataka we visited the World Heri-tage site of Hampi, an ancient city stretch-ing for dozens of kilometers across the hills.The stone palace, temples, markets, residen-tial buildings and militarybattlements areformed in exotic shapes. Unlike the archi-tecture of ancient China, in Hampi there wasno city wall and all the buildings were wellventilated and spaced out. We assumed thismight be attributed to India's hot weather,with the vented structures able to better dis-sipate the heat of the sun. The ancient Indiansgenerally built with stone, while the Chineseused wood. We assumed this was due to theunsuitability of the tropical trees of India,like the coconut and sandalwood. In contrast,China's poplar, willow and pine woods arewell-suited for sturdy construction.The Taj Mahal is India's iconic symboland a great source of pride for the people.It's well known that in 1631 the MughalEmperor Shah Jahanordered the construc-tion of the mausoleum for his favorite wife,Mumtaz Mahal. Compared with the impe-rial mausoleums of China, which were builtunderground as an emperor's final restingplace, the grand Taj Mahal was erectedabove ground for the emperor's wife.India is home to many nationalities,most of which speak varied languages and maintain a particular culture. As a result,communications barriers remain and Indi-ans typically rely on English as the 'com-mon language.' India is the cradle of oneof the five ancient civilizations and boastsa splendid and long history. However, dueto the lack of a unified language and discon-tinuity in the evolution of the written word,historical recordsdating back more than athousand years are rare. In comparison, Chi-na's 5,000 years of history is well recordedin pictograms, from the earliest Oracle BoneScript to the later Regular Script. And so weappreciate Qin Shi Huang, the first emperorof China, for his decision to standardizeChinese characters.India is also a place where various re-ligions coexist. We took note of temples,shrines and pious disciples at every placewe visited. Apart from the two major faiths,Hinduism and Islamism, India's religionsinclude Sikhism, Christianity, andParsee-ism, among others. Although Buddhismoriginated in India, today only onepercentof Indians follow the belief. While Bud-dhism lost its leading position in the landof its inception, in China the practice pros-pered. Today China is home to the greatestnumber of Buddhists in the world, and thisfact serves as an example of the historicalexchange between the two cultures.。
China_Economic_Outlook_2023
By Xu FeibiaoChina Economic Outlook 2023: A Global PropellerChina’s persistently strong, resilient economy has been fostering certainty in a world full of uncertainties.In December 2022, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) successively held two top-level meetings to review economic work in 2022, analyze the economic situation, and make arrangements for 2023. The two meetings delivered hope through clear and vigorous policy deployment which greatly boosted confidence in the Chinese market. With the world now engulfed in a pessimistic atmosphere due to crumbling economic growth, China’s persistently strong, resilient economy has been fostering certainty in a world full of uncertainties. RISING RISKS OF GLOBAL RECESSIONIn 2022, multiple adverse factors including geopolitical conflicts, worsening inflation, monetary tightening, and COVID-19 resurgences continued brutalizing the world economy. Experiencing steep ups and downs, the global economy recorded a 3-percent growth rate during the year, much lower than the previous year’s 6 percent. In 2023, the factorshindering global economic recovery remain, so as new challenges emerge, the world economy will likely stay sluggish. In terms of inflation, according to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the global inflation level will decrease from 8.8 percent in 2022 to 6.5 percent in 2023, still far higher than the pre-pandemic period, which will further erode the purchasing power of consumers and impact the balance of payments of countries around the world. In terms of currency, although major economies including the United States and European countries raised interest rates dramatically in 2022, nagging inflation remained, forcing central banks to continue raising interest rates and tightening liquidity. As for the geopolitical situation,10SPOTLIGHTThe author is a research fellow with the China Institutes of ContemporaryInternational Relations and director of the Center for BRICS and G20 Studies.inflation, low fiscal deficit, and low government debt make its macroeconomic environment more favorable than that of the U.S. and Europe, allowing China to adopt a wider variety of economic stimulus policies without worrying aboutinflation. China’s advantages in economic scale, human capital, and new industrial strengths in fields like the digital economy, new infrastructure, new energy, and artificial intelligence compose a solid foundation for the transformation of economic momentum.More importantly, China’s political and economic systems have endowed the Chinese government with strong mobilization and policy-making room, which can help the country pool resources, make concerted efforts to cope with difficulties, and promote steady economic development. In December 2022, the Central Economic Work Conference solidified policy arrangements for China’s economic work in 2023, including actively expanding domestic demand, strengthening construction of the modern industrial system, enhancing the role of private enterprises, planning a new round of reform, promoting high-level opening up, preventing and defusing economic and financial risks, and boosting public confidence. Withconsideration of domestic and international situations, these policies cover both short- and long-term issues and balance development and security to create strong drivers for China’s economic growth. Indeed, China’s economy is still facing many challenges. First, the uncertainty of the pandemic remains. Adjustments of pandemic prevention policies could exert pressure on the public health system and cause people to travel less, which might minimize the effects of reopening. Furthermore, various new coronavirusvariants from around the world could enter China, triggering a new infection wave andaffecting the recovery of the economy. Second, market confidence is still not stable enough. Confidence is key to economic rebound, but since 2020, the Chinese economy has performed worse than expected for consecutive years. The unemployment rate among young people is increasing, small andmedium-sized enterprises stillgrapple with difficulties, and household disposable income is lower than expected, resulting in insufficient confidence among consumers andinvestors and inefficient policy transmission that hinders the effectiveness of various policies. Third, reviving the real estate industry has been difficult. For many years, real estate contributed more than one-fourth of China’s economic drive, but the peak has passed, heralding a new period of placid growth, hurting its driving effect on economic growth. And the decline of external demand and the accelerated aging of the population have become new constraints hindering China’s economic growth.Considering all these factors together, China’s economic growth is expected to reach 5 percent to 6 percent in 2023 and serve as a major engine of the world economy by driving the growth ofcountries in its neighborhood, Africa, and Latin America. Recently, international banks including Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley raised the forecast for China’s economic growth in 2023 from around 4.5 percent to more than 5.2 percent, which demonstrates the international community’s growing confidence in the Chinese economy.Considering all these factors together, China’s economic growth is expected to reach 5 percent to 6 percent in 2023 and serve as a major engine of the world economy.CHINA-INDIA DIALOGUE13。
误解中国的刻板印象英语作文
误解中国的刻板印象英语作文Title: Breaking Stereotypes: Understanding the Real ChinaWhen it comes to perceptions of China, many people often fall prey to stereotypes and misconceptions. These preconceived notions paint an incomplete and sometimes distorted picture of a country that is rich in history, culture, and modern progress.One common stereotype is that of China being a homogeneous, monolithic society. However, this ignores the vast diversity within the country. China is home to various ethnic groups, each with its unique traditions, languages, and customs. This diversity is a crucial aspect of Chinese society and culture.Another misconception is that China is still a backwards, developing country. While it's true that China is still developing in many ways, it has also made significant progress in recent decades. Cities like Shanghai and Shenzhen are modern, bustling metropolises, and China's technology sector, especially in areas like artificial intelligence and e-commerce, is thriving.Moreover, the stereotype that the Chinese people are all the same, obedient, and conformist ignores the individuality and creativity that exists within the population. Chinese youth, in particular, are increasingly expressing their unique identities and opinions throughsocial media, art, and fashion.It's also important to dispel the notion that China's government is overly restrictive and controlling. While there are certainly regulations and censorship in place, there is also a significant degree of freedom and expression within the confines of the law. Chinese citizens actively participate in social and political discussions, and the country's economic and technological advancements have created new opportunities for personal growth and entrepreneurship.In conclusion, it's essential to move beyond stereotypes and understand China as a multifaceted, dynamic country with a rich history and culture. The Chinese people are diverse, individualistic, and innovative, and their country is undergoing significant transformations that deserve recognition and understanding beyond simplistic generalizations.。
新概念英语一单词音标
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'steiFEnEri/ very/ 'veri/dairy/ 'dZEri/ lavatory/ 'lAvEtEri/ story/ 'stR:ri/ carry/ 'kAri/sorry/ 'sRri/worry/ 'wQri/try/ trai/country/ 'kQntri/easy/ 'i:zi/busy/ 'bizi/city/ 'siti/ nationality/ ,nAFE'nAlEti/ pity/ 'piti/plenty/ 'plenti/ empty/ 'empti/ party/ 'pB:ti/ dirty/ 'dE:ti/ thirsty/ 'WE:sti/ pretty/ 'priti/ beauty/ 'bju:ti/ buy/ bai/ heavy/ 'hevi/ lazy/ 'leizi/真讨厌由...出来不是...而是...n.先生n.夫人干什么？忙什么？n. 美洲, 美国n. 加拿大n. 主意, 办法, 理想, 思想, 概念, 意见 n. 豌豆, 似豌豆的东西n. 茶, 茶叶n. 印度n. 澳洲, 澳大利亚n. 尼日利亚n. 奥地利n. 俄国, 俄罗斯n. 南斯拉夫n. 伞, 雨伞, 保护伞n. 电影院, 电影n. 香蕉n. 中国, 瓷器n. 阿克拉(加纳首都)n. 额外的事物, 另外的收费n. 日内瓦, (荷兰)杜松子酒n. 小羊, 羔羊vt. 攀登, 上升, 爬n. 工作, 零活, 职业, 事情n. 机械工, 技工a. 电的, 导电的, 电动的a. 坏的n. 爸爸, 爹爹vt. 读, 阅读, 理解n. 面包, 生计, 食物ad. 作为替代, 反而ad. 往国外, 到室外, 到处n. 填补, 衬垫, 印色盒, 路a. 忧愁的, 悲哀的n. 床, 睡眠处, 河床, 底座, 路基, 一层铺床n. 需要, 必须, 缺乏n. 速率, 速度, 迅速a. 中年的结婚a. 红的, 红色的, 红肿的, 流血的a. 疲累的, 疲乏的, 厌倦的adj. 尴尬的；窘迫的a. 害怕的, 恐怕的, 遗憾的a. 愚蠢的, 麻木的n. 马德里a. 温和的, 温柔的, 淡味的, 适度的, 轻微的, (肥皂等)软性的n. 以前, 往昔n. 感冒, 寒冷n. 世界, 地球, 宇宙, 万物, 世人, 人间, 领域, 世事, 世故, 社会生活, 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(非正式)copper便士, (美)分, 分币n. 切碎物prep. 自...以后, 自...以来vt. 介绍, 引入, 采用, 输入n. 莴苣, 生菜, 纸币n. 柠檬水prep. 在旁边n. 咖啡, 咖啡色清咖啡n. 树, 木料, 树状物vt. 看见, 查看, 参观, 游览, 理解, 知道, 同意n. 职员, 员工, 受雇人员n. 小刀, 匕首n. 妻子, 太太, 夫人n. 主妇, 家庭妇女n. 卷心菜n. 村庄n. 车库, 汽车修理厂, 机库n. 桥, 舰桥, 桥梁, 桥牌n. 变化, 找回的零钱, 找头, 更换n. 柑橘, 桔子, 橘色n. 指控, 费用, 冲锋, 电荷, 炸药, 主管, 被托管人, 命令a. 大的, 大量的, 宽大的, 广博的n. 胃痛n.耳痛n. 头痛, 令人头痛之事n. 牙痛n. 带子, 线, 鞋带, 领带, 领结, 关系, 束缚, 平局, 不分胜负n. 蛋糕, 块, 饼vt. 制造, 安排, 创造, 构成, 使得, 产生, 造成, 整理, 布置, 引起, 到达, 进行 vt. 拿, 取, 抓, 带领, 获得, 就座, 接受, 吃, 吸引, 采取, 乘, 需要, 花费vt. 赶上, 突然降临于, 压倒, 代替n. 错误, 误会a. 相似的, 同样的n. 笑话, 玩笑, 笑柄n. 出售, 卖, 拍卖, 销售额, 廉价出售待售n. 尿n. 桌子, 餐桌, 工作台, 铭文, 表格, 表, 高原, 平n.梳妆台n. 蔬菜, 植物, 无精打采之人a. 不舒服的, 不自在的, 不安的a. 可怕的, 令人恐惧的, 极坏的a. 不可能的, 难以置信的, 令人无法忍受的n. 柄, 把手, 把柄, 柄状物, 手感n. 一会儿, (一段)时间n. 英里, 很大距离n. 微笑, 喜色, 笑容n. 苹果, 家伙n. 茶壶, 罐n. 一点点, 少许, 一会儿, 短时间n. 瓶子, 酒瓶n. 名字, 名称, 姓名, 名义, 名誉, 文件名a. 相同的, 同样的n. 时间, 时侯, 时机, 时期, 期限, 次数, 节拍, 暂停, 规定时间过得快乐vi. 过来, 来, 到达, 出现, 开始n. 罗马pron. 一些, 一部分, 若干n. 飞机n. 药, 医学, 内科n. 罚款, 罚金, 晴天, 精细n. 光泽, 阳光n. 葡萄酒, 果酒, 暗红色n. 杂志, 仓库, 弹盒, 胶卷盒n. 骨头, 骨, 骨制品pron. 有人, 某人n. 电话, 电话机n. 六月a. 成熟的, 熟练的, 成年的n. 希望, 信心, 期待n. 信封, 封套, 封袋n. 类型, 样式, 典型, 榜样, 标志, 符号, 型, 式n. 费用, 旅客, 食物n. 正方形, 街区, 广场, 平方, 直角尺ad. 在这里, 此时, 这里ad. 在哪里be的过去式n. 百万富翁, 大富豪n. 隐居a. 纯的, 纯净的, 纯洁的, 清白的, 完美的, 无瑕的, 抽象的n. 温度, 发烧, 热度n. 图画, 照片, 景色, 美丽如画的人(或物), 化身, 生动的描述, 想像, 形象思维 n. 未来, 将来n. 情形, 情况, 箱, 容器, 事实, 病例, 案例, 框子n. 书架, 书柜n. 手提箱ad. 请n. 花瓶, 瓶n. 乳酪n. 日本人, 日语n. 中文, 中国话, 中国人n. 噪音, 杂音, 响声, 喧闹n. 上升, 增加, 上涨, 高地, 升高, 出现n. 惊奇, 奇袭, 诧异pron. 那些pron. 谁的vt. 遗失, 损失, 丢失, 使失去, 错过, 浪费, 迷失, 使迷路, 输去, 使沉溺于 n. 护士, 保姆, 奶妈当然conj. 因为vt. 原谅, 申辩, 做为...的托辞vt. 消遣, 娱乐, 使发笑n. 房子, 住宅, 机构, 议院, 家族, 家庭n. 宽松的上衣n. 证书, 证明书a. 迟的, 晚的, 已故的n. 巧克力n. 碟, 盘子, 盆中物, 金属板, 图版, 金银餐具, 印版, 金属牌(照)n. 气候, 社会趋势, 气候区vt. 刺激, 使兴奋, 激励n. 白色, 洁白, 眼白, 白种人, 蛋白n. 喜欢的事物a. 相对的, 相反的, 对面的vt. 邀请, 请求, 引起, 招致n. 笔记, 记录, 注解, 票据, 符号, 显要, 注重, 便笺, 照会n. 香烟, 纸烟n. 分, 分钟, 片刻, 备忘录, 笔记n. 舌, 语言能力, 讲话方式, 语言n. 蓝色n. 胶, 粘性物n. 许可, 告别, 请假, 休假vt. 有, 怀有, 拿, 进行n. 修面, 刮胡子, 幸免, 剃刀n. 波, 波浪, 波动, 起伏, 高潮, 潮涌, 挥手致意, (气压)突变vt. 相信n. 弹性, 适应性n. 驾车, 快车道, 推进力, 驱动, 动力, 击球, 驱动器vi. 到达, 抵达a. 贵的, 奢华的, 费用浩大的, 乱化钱的n. 移动, 迁居, 步骤vt. 可作...用, 服务, 经历, 招待, 供应, 送交, 对待interj. 再见vt. 认出, 认可, 承认, 公认, 识别, 赏识n. 大小, 尺寸, 规模, 尺码, 能力, 浆料n. 一条面包, 块, 游荡n. 牛肉, 肌肉n. 小偷, 贼a. 关着的, 不再生效的, 处于...境况的, 休假的, 空闲的拿掉, 取消, 脱下, 领走, 减去, 复制, 起飞, 离开, 岔开关掉, 卖掉, 使转变方向, 解雇, 生产, 制造, 车削成, 使厌烦, 拐弯, 变成 n. 一半, 半场, 不完全n. 架子, 搁板过得快乐n. 袋子, 袋状物n. 手提包vt. 乞求, 乞讨, 请求n. 蛋, 卵a. 大的, 重要的n. 建筑物, 建筑n. 无, 不关紧要之事, 零pron. 任何事pron. 每件事物, 所有事物n. 国王, 君主a. 沸腾的, 激昂的n. 傍晚, 晚间, 末期n. 早晨, 早上, 初期n. 买东西, 购物vt. 带来, 产生, 促使, 提出n. 春天, 弹簧, 跳跃, 弹性, 活力, 泉, 源泉prep. 在...的时候a. 令人兴奋的, 刺激的n. 笔迹a. 有趣的a. 长的, 长久的, 冗长的, 做多头的ad. 平行地, 向前vi. 属于, 合适a. 错误的, 不正当的, 失常的a. 年轻的, 无经验的, 朝气蓬勃的n. 狗, 坏蛋n. 桃子, 桃树, 桃色, 美人儿, 极好的事物pron. 哪一个, 那一个a. 富裕的, 富饶的, 浓厚的, 贵重的n. 法国人, 法文, 法式n. 午餐n.3月n. 火把, 启发之物n. 教堂, 礼拜, 教会n. 捕捉, 陷阱, 捕捉之物, 抓, 拉手n. 比赛, 火柴, 对手n. 观察, 手表, 看守, 守护, 监视, 值班人n. 苏格兰人, 苏格兰语, 刻痕n. 荷兰人, 荷兰语n. 大量, 许多, 重要的事interj. 啊!嗯!是吗?好吗?n. 高度, 高处n. 充足, 够, 很多ad. 穿越, 从头至尾, 到底, 因为ad. 穿越, 从头至尾, 到底, 因为n. 相片, 照片, 逼真的描绘n. 哗啦声, 猛撞, 崩溃, 粗布n. 洗, 洗涤, 冲洗, 洗的衣服, 冲积物, 洼地a. 新鲜的, 新奇的, 另外的, 淡的, 精神饱满的, 冒失的n. 废物, 垃圾, 胡说n. 盘子, 碟, 菜肴n. 瑞典人, 瑞典语n. 土耳其语n. 英语a. 波兰的n. 丹麦文n. 西班牙人, 西班牙语n. 完成, 结束, 末道漆, 磨光, 完美n. 芬兰语n. 沐浴, 浴室pl. 牙齿n. 月a. 两者的adj. 北方的；朝北的n. 价值, 财产n. 嘴, 口, 口腔, 口状物n. 嘴, 口, 口腔, 口状物n. 南方, 南n. 年轻, 青年时代, 青年们, 青春n. 事实, 实情vi. 说, 说话, 演说, 发言n. 休息, 中断, 破裂处, 绝交, 破晓, 突变n. 牛排, 鱼排, 肉排a. 后面的n. 黑色, 黑颜料n. 包裹, 一伙, 一副, 背包, 包装n. 轨迹, 足迹, 径迹, 小道, 轨道, 磁轨, 途径abbr. …点钟（等于of the clock）n. 敲, 敲打, 敲门n. 希腊人, 希腊语n. 粉笔, 白垩n. 谈话, 交谈, 会谈, 讲话, 演讲, 空谈, 谣言, 方言, 语言n. 走, 散步, 步行, 行走的路程, 竞走, 散步场所n. 银行, 堤, 岸n. 谢意, 感谢n. 墨水, 墨汁vt. 想, 考虑, 想起, 想像, 打算, 认为n. 貂, 貂皮衣n. 粉红色, 石竹花, 化身, 典范, 头面人物, 极度n. 饮料, 酒n. 书, 书籍, 帐簿, 名册, 工作簿n.成语录，短语录n. 厨子, 厨师n. 一看, 神色, 样子, 面容n. 丹麦n. 公园, 停车处n. 办事员, 职员, 文书n. 叉子, 叉状物, 分岔n. 工作, 劳动, 职业, 行为, 功, 作品, 成果, 产品, 工程 n. 家庭作业, 家里做的工作n. 家事, 家务纽约vi. 问, 要求n. 书桌, 办公桌, 工作台n. 一餐, 膳食, 粗粉a. 使人感动的, 非常好的n. 标签, 称号, 商标, 标志n. 模型, 模范, 模特儿vt. 感觉, 觉得, 触摸, 以为n. 青年招待所, 宿舍, 旅店n. 旅行, 游历, 行进vi. 失败, 缺乏, 中断, 衰退, 失灵n. 铅笔, 色笔, 眉笔, 画笔, 光线束n. 四月n. 巴西a. 所有的, 全部的, 一切的n. 呼叫, 访问, 打电话, 号召, 召集, 要求n. 落下, 瀑布, 采伐量, 下降, 落差, 降低, 堕落, 秋天 a. 小的, 少的, 小型的, 低微的, 小气的, 细微的a. 高的, 长的, 夸大的n. 墙, 墙壁, 垣, 内壁, 分界物, 屏障n. 符咒, 魅力, 轮值, 轮班, 工作时间, 一次发作vt. 卖, 背叛, 销售, 出卖vt. 告诉, 说, 吩咐, 断定, 知道n. 井, 泉水, 源泉, 好也n. 疾病, 坏事, 罪恶, 灾难n. 小山, 丘陵, 小土堆prep. 直到, 在...以前, 迄n. 蒸馏室, 寂静, 剧照n. 全部, 完整n. 学校, 鱼群, 门派, 学派n. 池, 水塘, 石油层, 联营n. 女孩, 少女, 女佣a. 小心的, 谨慎的a. 美丽的n. 一茶匙的容量a. 可怕的, 庄严的, 虔敬的n. 女士, 夫人a. 冰淇淋的, 乳白色的n. 梦, 空想, 愿望n. 果酱, 拥塞之物, 堵塞, 困境n. 节目, 节目单, 程序, 纲要, 大纲, 计划n. 问题, 难题n. 游泳, 漂浮, 潮流, 眩晕n. 软片, 薄膜, 胶卷, 电影n. 斯德哥尔摩n. 房间, 空位, 场所n.起居室，客厅n. 卧室n. 寄物间prep. 从, 来自, 根据a. 暖和的, 暖的, 温暖的, 热烈的, 兴奋的, 激烈的, 多情的, 色情的 n. 站台, 月台, 讲台, 论坛, 平台n. 菊花, 沉默n. 美国人n. 豆子n. 瘦肉, 倾斜, 倾斜度a. 干净的, 清白的, 简洁的a. 低劣的, 卑贱的, 简陋的, 吝啬的, 惭愧的, 平均的, 中间的, 普通的 conj. 比, 除...外a. 加拿大的n. 印度人, 印第安人, 印第安语n. 挪威人, 挪威语n. 澳大利亚人n. 意大利人, 意大利语n. 巴西人n. 尼日利亚人n. 奥地利人n. 俄国人, 俄语n. 南斯拉夫人n. 男人, 人类, 人n. 警察n. 绅士, 先生n. 牛奶商, 送奶工, 挤奶的男人n. 女人, 妇女, 女仆n. 女警察n. 德国人, 德语n. 售货员, 推销员n. 邮递员n. 日本n. 德黑兰n. 瑞典n. 花园, 果园, 菜园n. 绿色, 绿色颜料prep. 在...之间n. 厨房, 全套炊具ad. 然后, 当时conj. 当...的时候n. 小鸡, 鸡肉n. 钢笔, 笔, 笔调, 笔杆子, 作家, 围栏, 栅栏, 禽畜n. 公开, 户外, 空旷vi. 发生, 发生, 恰巧vt. 使尖锐, 使敏捷, 加重, 削尖pl. 孩子, 孩子们vi. 听, 倾听, 听从n. 天堂, 上帝, 天空n. 符号, 招牌, 征兆, 正负号, 手势ad. 再一次, 又, 到原处vi. 保持, 逗留, 剩余n. 西班牙n. 雨, 下雨, 雨天n. 火车, 列车, 行列, 长队, 一连串的后果, 顺序a. 薄的, 细的, 瘦的, 稀疏的, 稀薄的, 淡的, 弱的, 空洞的n. 柏林, (软质)柏林毛线n. 硬币, 金钱, 货币n. 阿斯匹林n. 锡, 马口铁, 罐头n. 秋天, 成熟期开, 开始, 变得兴奋, 突然显出把...放上去, 穿上, 假装, 增加, 上演, 使...上场, 使起作用, 施加于 n. 伦敦n. 原谅, 赦免n. 流行, 风尚, 时样n. 电视n. 协会n. 考试, 测验, 审查n. 会话, 说话, 交谈n. 车站, 站, 局, 驻地, 位置, 身分, 地位n. 正午, 中午, 全盛期n. 午后, 下午n. 匙, 调羹, 匙形工具n. 儿子, 女婿, 子孙n. 季节, 时节, 当令期, 时期n. 人, 人身, 人称n. 课, 课业, 教训n. 回来, 返回, 来回票, 归还, 报答, 利润率, 报告书n. 跑, 赛跑, 奔跑, 奔跑的路程, 趋向, 流出, 运转时间, 连续n. 太阳, 日, 日光, 阳光a. 向下的n. 褐色n. 城镇, 市, 镇n. 烟草, 香烟vt. 做, 进行, 完成vi. 去, 走, 达到, 运转, 查阅, 消失, 结束, 放弃, 花费, 流传, 趋于, 打算, 剩下 ad. 以前n. 无线电, 收音机, 无线电报, 无线电广播, 无线电台interj. 喂, 嘿ad. 也, 非常, 太ad. 如此, 如是, 如...那样n. 番茄, 西红柿n. 马铃薯prep. 进入...之内, 朝..., 深入...之中, 成为...状况n. 东京a. 便宜的, 不值钱的, 可鄙的n. 肥皂, 阿谀n. 轻打, 水龙头n. 生计, 维持, 保持n. 睡眠, 静止, 昏迷, 麻木, 长眠, 冬眠n. 扫除, 打扫, 肃清, 视野, 范围, 全胜n. 船, 舰n. 滑, 滑行, 事故, 溜, 差错, 滑台, 下降, 插条, 后裔, 板条, 瘦长的年轻人n. 旅行, 绊倒, 摔倒, 失足, 差错, 旅程n. 尖啸声, 拉链, 活力n. 灯n. 坚实(或沉重)的脚步声, 流浪者n. 跳跃, 跳动, 暴涨, 惊跳肉店n. 滴, 微量, 落下, 空投n. 停止, 车站, 逗留, 填塞, 障碍, (风琴的)音栓n.公共汽车站n. 半升音调, 利刃, 骗子弥补, 赔偿, 配制, 包装, 编辑, 虚构, 缝制, 组成, 和解, 结算, 整理, 化装更大声地说, 大胆说出, 无保留地说出使振奋, 感到振奋(使)起床, (使)起立, (使)爬上赶快, 匆匆完成n. 杯子, 茶杯, 优胜杯n. 茶杯, 满茶杯n. 条, 棒, 酒吧, 栅, 障碍物n. 汽车, 客车n. 亲爱的人vt. 听到, 倾听, 听说, 审理a. 近的, 近亲的, 近似的n. 梨子, 梨树, 梨木n. 穿着, 戴, 使用, 耗损, 服装, 耐久性n. 年, 年度, 年龄n. 糖, 糖块, 甜言蜜语n. 十二月n. 成员, 会员vt. 记得, 回忆起, 记住, 铭记, 纪念n. 九月n. 十一月n. 数, 数字, 数目, 号码n. 十月n. 理发师n. 军官, 主管, 官员, 公务员n. 蔬菜水果商, 菜贩prep. 在...之下, 低于n. 粉, 粉末, 火药n. 啤酒n. 愉快, 振奋, 欢呼n. 工程师, 工兵n. 给予(物), 出价, 提议, 意图, 报价n. 经理, 管理员, 管理器n. 乘客, 旅客n. 教师, 老师, 导师n. 屠夫, 肉商, 小贩n. 天气, 气象, 处境n. 父亲, 祖先, 长辈, 神父, 创始者n. 祖父, 始祖ad. 一起, 共同, 彼此a. (两者之中)任一的, (两者之中)各一的ad. 皆不, 两个都不a. 其他的, 另外的, 从前的n. 母亲, 修女院长n. 祖母, 女祖先a. 另外的, 再一的, 不同的n. 兄弟n. 面包师n. 炊事用具, 炉灶, 锅, 炊具, 烹饪用水果, 窜改者, 伪造者 n. 锤, 铁锤, 钉锤n. 夏季, 全盛时期n. 消费者n. 晚餐, 正餐, 宴会n. 胜利者, 优胜者n. 文具商, 书商n. 报纸ad. 以后, 随后n. 水, 雨水, 海水, 水位, 水面, 流水目送, 照顾, 关心追捕, 追求, 照顾n. 女儿vt. 进入, 参加, 开始, 输入, 回车n. 冬季, 萧条期, 衰退期n. 计算器, 计算者, 柜台, 筹码n. 四分之一, 一刻钟, 季度, 地区n. 记者, 报告者n. 姐妹, 姐, 妹, 护士, 修女n. 事件, 物质, 原因, 素材, 实体, 重要a. 较好的n. 信, 字母, 证书, 字面意义, 铅字, 学问, 出租人n. 垃圾, 杂乱, 轿, 担架n. 奶油, 黄油a. 聪明的, 精明的ad. 从不, 决不, 不曾n. 河, 江在河边n.出租汽车司机ad. 结束, 越过, 从头到尾n. 花, 开花植物, 精华, 盛时n. 答案, 回答, 回报, 答辩n.电唱机n. 空气, 旋律, 态度n. 椅子, 显要的席位, 主席n. 扶手椅n. 一双, 一对, 一副n. 修理, 补救, 修复寻找, 期待n. 门n. 地板, 楼层, 底部, 底价n. 电冰箱, 冷藏库n. 男演员, 行动者n. 领导者, 指挥者, 售票员, 向导n. 参观者, 游客, 访客n. 邻居, 邻接的东西, 邻国, 邻座, 邻人, 世人n. 小时, 钟头, 时间, ...点钟, 课时n. 颜色, 面色, 颜料, 外貌a. 酸的, 酸臭的, 发酵的, 愠怒的, 讨厌的, 拙劣的, 不健全的 ad. 同样地, 例如a. 海外的, 国外的n. 数学n. 麻疹, 风疹, 家畜囊尾蚴病, 米珠ad. 有时, 时常, 往往n.鞋pron. 这, 本n. 海关, 关卡, 关税n. 雅典(希腊首都)n. 问题（question的复数）ad. 也许, 大概n. 流行性腮腺炎, 愠怒pl. 裤子, 长裤a. 楼上的n. 玻璃, 玻璃杯, 透镜n. 经过, 要隘, 途径, 通行, 护照, 及格n. 草, 草原, 牧场n. 食堂, 伙食, 用膳, 一份食品, 混乱, 乱七八糟, 困境n. 服装, 覆盖物n. 住址, 演说, 举止, 灵巧, 求爱n. 女演员n.空中小姐n. 猜测, 臆测n.小姐n. 失误, 避免, 失败, 小姐n. 老板, 上司, 岩瘤, 浮雕, 母牛prep. 越过, 穿过, 与...相交叉, 在...的对面分期付款a. 出名的, 极好的n. 新闻, 消息, 报导再要两天ad. 总是, 始终n. 猫, 恶妇vt. 吃, 腐蚀n. 肉, 餐, 食物n. 脂肪, 脂油, 肥肉n. 帽子a. 那, 那个pron. 什么n. 船n. 外套a. 紧凑的, 紧密的, 简洁的n. 科目, 主题, 臣民, 主语, 题目, (事物的)经受者, 学科, 受治疗者, 原因, 理由 a. 正确的, 合适的n. 会, 集会vt. 问候, 致敬, 欢迎, 映入眼帘n. 街道, 马路, 街区n. 甜蜜, 糖果, 情人vt. 忘记, 忽略, 忘n. 安静, 闲适, 平静n. 票, 券, 车票, 标签, 入场券, 证明书【经】 来回票。
(2022年)广东省深圳市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题(含答案)
（2022年）广东省深圳市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题(含答案)学校:________ 班级:________ 姓名:________ 考号:________一、1.Writing(10题)1. 1. 有人认为考研是大学毕业生最好的出路2. 也有人持不同意见3. 我的看法Should We Pursue Master's Degree?2. For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On Independent Spirit. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:1. 大学新生报道的时候，都是家长拎行李；2. 出现这种现象的原因及其不良后果；3. 培养独立精神的重要性。
On Independent Spirit3. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Should Euthanasia Be Legalized? You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below in Chinese.1. 安乐死应该合法化；2．安乐死不应合法化；3．我的观点。
Should Euthanasia Be Legalized?4. For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on thetopic Test for National Civil Servants. You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:1．近几年兴起了一股国家公务员考试(Test for National Civil Servants)热2．产生这种现象的原因3．我的看法Test for National Civil Servants5. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a poster recruiting volunteers. You should write at Least 120 words following the outline given below:1. 校学生会将组织一次暑假志愿者活动，现招募志愿者2．本次志愿者活动的目的、活动安排等3．报名条件及联系方式6. Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Competition and Cooperation. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 现代社会中竞争无处不在；2．竞争和合作的关系。
林毅夫教授演示资料金融危机对发展中国家的影响（英文）
Fall in inward FDI and portfolio investment (already seen in 2008), together with higher interest rates on capital
Private capital flows to developing countries, 1991-2007
Source: World Bank, Global Development Finance 2008
Remittances to developing countries, 2000-07
The Impact of the Financial Crisis on Developing Countries
Justin Yifu Lin Senior Vice President & Chief Economist,
The World Bank
Outline
Why was the global economy so dynamic in 2002-07? Why has that dynamism collapsed in developed
countries, and what will be the effect on emerging markets & poorer countries? What policy responses – by developing countries, IFIs, and developed countries – will limit the damage?
东西方文化差异对待老人的英语作文
东西方文化差异对待老人的英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Contrasting Cultural Perspectives on Elderly Respect: East vs WestAs a student exploring different societies and value systems, I have become increasingly intrigued by the stark contrast between Eastern and Western cultures regarding the treatment and reverence for the elderly. This dichotomy is rooted indeep-seated traditions, belief systems, and societal norms that have evolved over centuries, shaping the way we perceive and interact with our elders.In many Eastern cultures, particularly those influenced by Confucian teachings, filial piety is a fundamental virtue that governs the relationship between children and their aging parents. This concept emphasizes the utmost respect, obedience, and care for one's elders, viewing it as a moral obligation and a way to maintain social harmony. The elderly are regarded as repositories of wisdom, experience, and family heritage, deserving of the highest honor and deference.Take, for instance, the cultural landscape of countries like China, Japan, and Korea, where multi-generational households are common, and the presence of grandparents is cherished. It is not uncommon for adult children to assume the responsibility of caring for their aged parents, both financially and emotionally. This practice is deeply ingrained in the collective psyche, stemming from the belief that one's elders have sacrificed and toiled for the well-being of the family, and it is the duty of the younger generation to reciprocate that devotion.In contrast, Western societies, influenced by individualistic values and the pursuit of personal autonomy, often approach the concept of aging from a different perspective. While respect for the elderly is certainly valued, the emphasis is more on fostering independence and self-reliance. The notion of "aging gracefully" is celebrated, and the elderly are encouraged to maintain an active lifestyle and pursue their personal interests, rather than being solely reliant on their families.In many Western countries, such as the United States and various European nations, the concept of retirement communities and assisted living facilities has gained prominence. These establishments aim to provide a sense of community, social engagement, and specialized care tailored to the needs ofthe elderly. While this approach may be perceived as promoting independence, it has also raised concerns about potential isolation and a lack of intergenerational bonding.Moreover, the Western emphasis on individual autonomy can sometimes lead to a perception of the elderly as a burden, particularly in societies where the nuclear family structure is prevalent. This mindset can inadvertently contribute to a sense of marginalization and neglect for the aging population, as the demands of modern life and career pursuits often take precedence.It is important to note, however, that these cultural differences are not absolute, and exceptions exist within both Eastern and Western societies. Globalization and the exchange of ideas have led to a gradual blending of perspectives, with some Eastern societies embracing more Western-influenced approaches, and vice versa.Ultimately, the contrasting cultural views on elderly respect present both strengths and challenges. The Eastern emphasis on filial piety fosters a strong sense of community, intergenerational bonding, and a deep-rooted respect for the wisdom of elders. However, it can also place immense pressure on caregivers and potentially hinder the autonomy of the elderly.Conversely, the Western focus on independence andself-reliance can empower the elderly to maintain an active and fulfilling lifestyle, but it also runs the risk of neglecting the invaluable contributions and experiences of our elders, leading to potential isolation and a erosion of intergenerational connections.As a student examining these cultural nuances, I believe that a balanced approach, drawing upon the positive aspects of both perspectives, is crucial for fostering a truly inclusive and respectful society for our aging population. By embracing the Eastern reverence for elders while promoting their autonomy and individual pursuits, we can create an environment where the elderly feel valued, supported, and empowered to live their lives to the fullest.Ultimately, the way we treat our elders is a reflection of our collective values and the compassion we hold for those who have paved the way for our present. By learning from the richness of diverse cultural traditions and finding common ground, we can forge a path that honors the dignity and contributions of the elderly, fostering a society that truly values and cherishes its most experienced members.篇2The Contrasting Cultural Attitudes Towards the Elderly in the East and WestAs a student from an Eastern cultural background, I have always been taught to respect my elders and treat them with the utmost care, love and devotion. This strong emphasis on filial piety and venerating our seniors is deeply ingrained in many Asian cultures and societies. However, through my interactions with friends from Western countries and studying abroad, I've come to realize that there exist stark differences in how the elderly are viewed and treated across the Eastern and Western worlds.In traditional Eastern cultures, the elderly hold a revered position in society and within family units. They are considered the pillars of wisdom, the repositories of ancestral knowledge and traditions that must be passed down through generations. Caring for one's aging parents is seen as not just a moral obligation, but a profound act of gratitude for giving us life and nurturing us through childhood. The concept of sending one's parents to nursing homes or old age facilities is almost unthinkable in many Asian communities, as it is perceived as an abandonment of filial responsibilities.This deep veneration for the elderly is manifested in countless ways across Eastern cultures. In China, it is common to see old-age parents living together with their children's families, with the grandparents often playing an active role in household duties and childcare. The elderly are constantly doted upon, with the younger generations seeking their advice and blessings on important life decisions. In India, old age is equated with the final stage of life's journey – the "Vanaprastha" stage of gradual detachment and wisdom garnered through experiences. The touching imagery of the elderly being carried on palanquins by their sons during religious rituals symbolizes the great honor bestowed upon them.Contrast this with prevailing Western attitudes, where independence, individualism and self-reliance are prized above all. Many elderly individuals in Western societies prefer to live out their twilight years on their own terms, without being a perceived "burden" on their children. Retirement communities, assisted living facilities and nursing homes play a major role in elder care, with nuclear family setups being the norm. While this ensures a level of autonomy for seniors, there is also a shadow of loneliness and isolation that comes with this independence, particularly as health declines with advancing age.The cultural differences extend beyond just living arrangements and care models. In the East, wrinkles are embraced as visible emblems of the wisdom that comes with age and life experiences. Old age is almost celebrated, with each silver hair and laugh line seen as a badge of honor hard-earned over the decades. Many cosmetic companies in Asia market "anti-aging" products by using older, confident models with greying hair to promote an elegant, sophisticated look. This stands in sharp contrast to Western obsessions with perpetual youth and erasing any visible signs of aging through cosmetic procedures, hair dyes and skincare regimes.At the same time, it would be overly simplistic to paint all Western societies with the same brush. Many Native American and Hispanic communities still maintain strongmulti-generational family ties, with elders being the anchors of extended households. There is increasing pushback in recent years against the stereotype of shunting off the old to impersonal care facilities. More young people are exploring ways to keep their parents engaged and active through senior living communities or having them live in annexe units adjoining the family home. There is also a growing appreciation for the shared wisdom, life experiences and sense of connectedness that theelderly can provide in today's rapidly changing, fragmented world.Conversely, rapid modernization, urbanization and the dilution of traditional values have led to an erosion of the exalted status of the elderly in certain parts of Asia. The harsh realities of juggling work with caring for aged parents have forced many to turn to institutionalized elder care as a necessity rather than a choice. There have been shocking reports of elderly abuse and neglect in several Asian nations, forcing governments to introduce laws to protect the rights of seniors. The economic and societal costs of providing for a rapidly greying population have also become major policy challenges for Asian governments.Ultimately, while cultural differences in Eastern and Western attitudes towards the elderly are undeniable, the underlying root of the issue is the same across the globe – how do we ensure that our seniors live out their twilight years with dignity, love and financial security? How can we benefit from their lifetime of accumulated experiences while also respecting their autonomy? These are complex intergenerational questions that every society on our increasingly interconnected planet will have to grapple with.Perhaps the solution lies in borrowing the best practices from both the East and the West. We could learn from Eastern cultures about reinstating the cherished status of elders, honoring their wisdom and striving to keep the family unit together as far as possible through multi-generational homes and community care models. At the same time, we could emulate aspects of Western societies that emphasize individual choice, mobility and active lifestyles for the elderly, along with quality institutional care facilities for those who need or prefer it.By bridging these cultural divides through open minds and cross-pollination of ideas, we may be able to craft a beautiful hybrid approach – one that nurtures intergenerational bonds while guaranteeing our elders' autonomy. One that makes our seniors feel endlessly loved and cared for, yet independent and self-actualized. For are they not the roots from which the mighty trunks of our societies have arisen? It is our sacred duty to ensure their twilight years are suffused with the same adoration and respect that their remarkable life journeys deserve.篇3Cultural Differences in Treating the Elderly: An East vs West PerspectiveAs a student, I have had the opportunity to learn about different cultures and how they approach various aspects of life. One area where I have noticed significant differences is in the treatment and perception of the elderly. In this essay, I will explore the contrasting views and practices between Eastern and Western societies when it comes to caring for and respecting the older generation.In many Eastern cultures, particularly those influenced by Confucian teachings, filial piety – the virtue of respect and obedience towards one's parents and elders – is deeply ingrained. This concept places a strong emphasis on honoring and caring for the elderly, as they are seen as repositories of wisdom and experience. In countries like China, Japan, and Korea, it is common for multi-generational families to live together, with the younger members taking on the responsibility of caring for their aging parents and grandparents.This sense of duty towards the elderly is not just limited to the family sphere; it extends to the wider society as well. In public spaces, such as buses and trains, it is customary for younger individuals to offer their seats to the elderly, showing deference and respect. Furthermore, many Eastern cultures celebrate annual events like the Double Ninth Festival in China or Respectfor the Aged Day in Japan, where the elderly are honored and their contributions to society are acknowledged.In contrast, Western societies generally place a higher value on individualism and independence. While respect for the elderly is still present, there is a greater emphasis on personal autonomy and self-sufficiency. In many Western countries, it is more common for the elderly to live independently or in assisted living facilities, rather than with their children or extended family.This cultural difference can be attributed, in part, to the influence of Judeo-Christian values, which emphasize the importance of individual responsibility and self-reliance. Additionally, the rise of nuclear families and urbanization in the West has contributed to a shift away from multi-generational households.However, it is important to note that this is a generalization, and there are certainly exceptions and variations within both Eastern and Western societies. For example, some Western countries, such as Spain and Italy, have a stronger emphasis on family ties and caring for the elderly within the home.Nonetheless, the contrasting approaches to caring for the elderly have led to different societal structures and systems. In many Eastern societies, there is a greater reliance onfamily-based care, with government support and social services playing a lesser role. Conversely, Western countries tend to have more developed systems of institutional care, such as nursing homes and assisted living facilities, as well as government programs like Social Security and Medicare.These differing cultural perspectives also shape the way the elderly are perceived and treated in terms of their roles and contributions to society. In Eastern cultures, the elderly are often seen as sources of wisdom and experience, and their advice and guidance are highly valued. This is reflected in practices such as filial consultations, where important family decisions are discussed with and guided by the elders.In contrast, Western societies often view the elderly as retired and disengaged from mainstream society, with a greater emphasis on youth and productivity. This can lead to a sense of marginalization for the elderly, as their contributions and experiences may be undervalued or overlooked.It is important to note that these cultural differences are not absolute, and there is a growing recognition of the need to balance traditional values with modern realities. In many Eastern societies, urbanization and changing family structures have led to a greater reliance on institutional care for the elderly, while inthe West, there is a growing appreciation for the wisdom and experience of the older generation.As a student, I have gained a deeper understanding and appreciation for these cultural differences through my studies and interactions with people from diverse backgrounds. It has made me more aware of the nuances and complexities involved in caring for and respecting the elderly, and the importance of finding a balance between traditional values and modern realities.In conclusion, the treatment and perception of the elderly is a complex issue that is deeply rooted in cultural values and traditions. While Eastern societies tend to place a stronger emphasis on filial piety and family-based care, Western cultures generally prioritize individualism and independence. However, these differences are not absolute, and there is a growing recognition of the need to find a balance that respects the elderly while also addressing modern realities. As a student, I believe that understanding and appreciating these cultural differences is crucial for fostering greater empathy, compassion, and cross-cultural understanding in our increasingly interconnected world.。
2015年翻译大赛本科组英语笔译试题
Part 1 Please translate the following passage into Chinese.India to outpace China as energy price falls lift world economy, IMF predictsThe global economy was more likely to enjoy a reasonable recovery over the next two years, benefiting from recent falls in energy prices and exchange rate movements, the International Monetary Fund said yesterday.The twice-yearly forecast shows India is expected to outperform China in growth for the first time in 16 years.The fund has recently told countries they ―could do better‖ to improve medium-term prospects, but the World Economic Outlook is the first since 2011 to suggest economies are putting the 2009 financial crisis behind them.Ahead of publication, Olivier Blanchard, the IMF’s chief economist, told the Financ ial Times: ―I sense the macro risks are smaller than in October — there is no reason for doom and gloom.‖The fund has documented divergent trends in economic performance across the world since October, with strength in the US and UK and greater weakness in the eurozone, China and Latin America. Inflation has fallen everywhere and the outlook for many emerging economies, with the important exception of India, has deteriorated.Despite this uneven progress in economic data, the fund said, the fall in energy prices would boost growth in oil-importing countries. It estimated that the full effect of falling oil prices would increase global output by 0.5 per cent to 1 per cent in 2016.The rise in the dollar and Chinese renminbi against the Japanese yen and the euro would help boost growth further, the IMF predicted. The appreciation of the US and Chinese currencies need not damage their growth prospects because these economies can keep interest rates lower for longer to offset any deterioration in their trade performance.Translating this assessment into hard numbers, the IMF forecasts 3.5 per cent global growth in 2015, up on the 3.4 per cent recorded last year and improving further to 3.8 per cent in 2016.The IMF expects China’s slowdown to continue, with growth of 6.8 per cent this year and 6.3 per cent in 2016, cons-iderably slower than India, which is exp-ected toexpand by 7.5 per cent in both years.The fund is more gloomy on medium-term growth prospects, noting that economies do not seem likely to return to growth rates that previously were considered normal. Ageing populations and weak productivity growth are set to lower rates of expansion.Part 2 Please translate the following paragraphs into English.实践是最好的裁判，比较最有说服力。
探险家对中国和世界的意义英语作文
探险家对中国和世界的意义英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Explorers: Bold Adventurers Who Opened New HorizonsHave you ever dreamed of going on a grand adventure? Of setting foot where no one has gone before and discovering uncharted lands? That's what explorers do! They are the daring trailblazers who brave the unknown to uncover the mysteries of our fascinating world. Without their curiosity and courage, our understanding of the planet would be so limited.Ever since ancient times, explorers have played a pivotal role in shaping human civilization. They ventured into the great unknown, driven by an insatiable thirst for knowledge and a yearning to push the boundaries of what was known. Picture mighty explorers like Zheng He, the famous Chinese admiral who led grand voyages across oceans in the 15th century. His gigantic treasure ships carried precious goods, but more importantly, they carried the spirit of exploration that connected civilizations and expanded our worldview.Explorers are like detectives, piecing together clues about our planet's secrets. Take the intrepid duo of Robert Falcon Scott and Roald Amundsen, who raced to be the first to reach the South Pole in the early 1900s. Their expeditions faced unimaginable hardships—freezing temperatures, treacherous terrain, and the constant threat of starvation. Yet, their perseverance unveiled invaluable insights into the Antarctic, laying the foundation for future scientific discoveries.But exploration isn't just about conquering physical frontiers; it's also about broadening our cultural horizons. Think of the legendary Marco Polo, whose daring journey along the Silk Road introduced Europe to the wonders of China and the East. His tales sparked a newfound fascination with distant lands, inspiring future generations to embark on their own odysseys ofcross-cultural exchange.Even today, modern-day explorers continue to push the boundaries of human knowledge. From venturing into the deepest ocean trenches to scaling the highest mountain peaks, their exploits ignite our imaginations and remind us of the vastness of our world. They unravel geological marvels, uncover ancient civilizations, and expand our understanding of the natural world.Perhaps most importantly, explorers inspire us to embrace our innate sense of curiosity and adventure. Their tales of daring feats and remarkable discoveries remind us that the world is a canvas waiting to be explored, a tapestry of wonders waiting to be unraveled. They encourage us to step out of our comfort zones, to seek out new experiences, and to never stop learning.Explorers have an enduring impact that transcends borders and cultures. Their legacies live on in the maps we use, the artifacts we study, and the stories we share with wide-eyed wonder. They remind us that the world is a vast and mysterious place, brimming with untold treasures and secrets just waiting to be uncovered.So, the next time you gaze up at the stars or ponder a distant horizon, remember the explorers who dared to go where few have gone before. Their bold spirit paved the way for our modern understanding of the world, and their fearless pursuit of knowledge continues to inspire us to reach for the unknown.篇2The Importance of Explorers to China and the WorldHi there! My name is Lily and I'm a 4th grader. Today I want to tell you all about why explorers are so important, not just forChina but for the whole world. Explorers are people who go on adventures to discover new places that no one has ever been before. They are super brave and curious people!Let me start by talking about some of the most famous explorers from Chinese history. One of the earliest was Zheng He, who lived over 600 years ago during the Ming Dynasty. Zheng He led a huge fleet of ships all the way from China to the east coast of Africa and many places in between. Can you imagine sailing across the entire Indian Ocean back in the 1400s? That's incredible!Zheng He's voyages helped open up maritime trade routes between China, Southeast Asia, India, Arabia, and eastern Africa. His ships brought back valuable goods like precious gems, exotic plants and animals, and new technologies. But maybe most importantly, Zheng He's journeys connected China with civilizations across the Indian Ocean, helping increase understanding between different peoples and cultures.Another awesome Chinese explorer was Xu Xiake, who traveled over 60,000 miles across China and other parts of Asia in the 1600s. Xu Xiake was a true adventurer - he climbed treacherous mountain peaks, crossed raging rivers, and survived encounters with bandits and wild animals! He kept very detailedjournals describing all the places he visited, the plants and animals he saw, and the local customs of the people he met. Xu Xiake's writings gave people back home in China a window into lands and cultures they had never known about before.More recently in the 1900s, there was the explorer Xu Xingzhi who climbed extremely high and dangerous peaks in western China like K2 and Gasherbrum II. Xu Xingzhi was one of the first people ever to reach the summits of some of these colossal mountains. Her feats of climbing made her a national hero in China and helped inspire a new generation of Chinese mountaineers and adventurers.Those were just a few examples of legendary Chinese explorers from different eras. But of course, there have been countless other intrepid explorers from all around the world who made amazing journeys and discoveries over the centuries. Like the Vikings who bravely sailed across the North Atlantic from Scandinavia to establish settlements in places like Iceland, Greenland, and possibly even North America. Or Leif Erikson, who is believed to be the first European to reach the continent of North America around the year 1000 AD, almost 500 years before Christopher Columbus got there.Speaking of Columbus, he was of course one of the most well-known European explorers of all time. In 1492, Columbus' voyage across the Atlantic led to the first sustained contact between the Old World of Europe and the Americas. This completely changed the course of world history, allowing for the exchange of people, crops, animals, diseases, technologies, and cultures across both sides of the Atlantic.There were also brave explorers like Vasco da Gama who in 1498 became the first European to reach India by sea, establishing a maritime route from Europe that enabled the spice trade. And Ferdinand Magellan, who in 1519 set out from Spain to try to circumnavigate the globe. Though Magellan himself died in the Philippines during the journey, his crew eventually made it all the way around the world, proving once and for all that the Earth was round!In more recent times, explorers pushed into Earth's final frontiers like the North and South Poles. People like Robert Peary and Matthew Henson who may have been the first to reach the North Pole in 1909. And Roald Amundsen who led the first expedition to reach the South Pole in 1911, beating his rival Robert Falcon Scott. Talk about adventurous! Those early polarexplorers faced unimaginably harsh conditions, danger, and privation in their quests to conquer the ends of the Earth.But exploring isn't just about traveling to remote places on land or sea. There are so many other frontiers that brave explorers have ventured into as well. Like Jacques Cousteau, who used innovative diving equipment and underwater vehicles to explore and document the wonders of the oceans like no one before him. Or the astronauts of NASA who have traveled into the depths of outer space to walk on the moon and pilot spacecraft throughout our solar system and beyond.So what's the big deal about all these explorers, you may ask? Why does any of it matter? Well, I think explorers have always been super important for helping us understand our world better. Their journeys into uncharted lands and seas allowed the countries and civilizations they came from to gain new geographical knowledge. Their encounters with different peoples and cultures expanded human understanding and brought societies into greater contact and communication with each other.Explorers have brought back invaluable scientific data about the natural world, from documenting new plant and animal species, to better mapping the contours of the lands and oceans.Many of the conveniences and technologies we take for granted today were only made possible because of the efforts of explorers centuries ago who expanded the reach of global trade and exchange of ideas.Maybe most importantly though, the drive to explore represents one of the most admirable aspects of the human spirit - our innate sense of curiosity and our yearning to push beyond boundaries into the unknown. The urge to explore is part of what makes our species great. It embodies humanity's restless pursuit of knowledge, our refusal to be limited by the familiar and conventional. Explorers personify virtues like bravery, determination, and a thirst for adventure that can inspire us all.As a kid, I think it's so cool to read about explorers like Zheng He, Xu Xiake, Columbus, Amundsen and the rest who ventured into uncharted realms and unknown horizons with eyes open to whatever wonders and perils lay in wait. Their exploits fire up my imagination and make me want to be an explorer too someday! Whether it's traveling to far-off places on our planet, venturing out into the vast mysteries of space, or pushing the boundaries of knowledge and technology in radical new ways, the human journey of exploration is far from over. There is still so much out there left to discover.So those are just some of the reasons why I think explorers past and present have been so important, not just for the countries they came from, but for the world as a whole. By mapping the continents and seas, establishing global trade routes, and bridging the gap between different cultures and societies, the great explorers changed our understanding of the planet forever. Their achievements expanded the frontiers of human knowledge and fueled our species' drive to seek out the unknown. For adding to the common treasures of human civilization itself, we owe the explorers a huge debt of gratitude. They truly are heroes who deserve our respect and admiration.Okay, that's all I've got for you today! Exploring sure is super amazing and important. I hope you learned a lot from my essay. Let me know if you have any other questions! Until next time, over and out from Lily the Explorer-in-Training!篇3The Importance of Explorers to China and the WorldHi there! My name is Xiao Ming and I'm in 5th grade. Today, my teacher asked us to write about the importance of explorers to China and the whole world. I think this is a really cool topic because explorers are like real-life superheroes who go onamazing adventures to discover new lands and learn about different cultures. Let me tell you all about it!First off, what exactly is an explorer? An explorer is someone who travels to places that are unknown or little-known, in order to learn more about them. Throughout history, there have been many famous explorers from all over the world who went on incredible journeys and made groundbreaking discoveries.Some of the most well-known explorers from China include Zheng He, an explorer from the Ming Dynasty who led voyages across the Indian Ocean in the early 1400s. His huge fleet of ships, known as the "Treasure Ships", sailed all the way to the east coast of Africa! Can you imagine how mind-blowing that must have been back then? Zheng He's journeys helped open up maritime trade routes between China and other parts of the world.Another famous Chinese explorer was Xu Xiake, who traveled over 60,000 kilometers across China in the 1600s, documenting his adventures through detailed journals and sketches. His writings gave people back home a glimpse into different regions, cultures, and geographical wonders they had never seen before. Pretty neat, right?But explorers aren't just important to China - they've changed the entire world! Think about Christopher Columbus, who was trying to find a sea route from Europe to Asia when he accidentally stumbled upon the Americas in 1492. His voyage kicked off an age of exploration from Europe that led to the mapping of the New World and first interactions between Europeans and Native Americans.Or what about Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin, the first people to walk on the moon in 1969? Their historic space mission as part of the Apollo 11 crew was like the ultimate exploration, venturing into the unknown frontier of space. It was a giant leap for all humanity!Through their daring adventures and curiosity about our planet and beyond, explorers have made countless important contributions. They've discovered new lands, opened up trade routes, mapped the globe, studied different cultures, found valuable resources, collected samples of exotic plants and animals, and expanded human knowledge immensely.Their explorations have led to a deeper understanding of geography, enabled the spread of ideas and technology across civilizations, and allowed people to learn about the wonderful diversity of our world's societies and environments. Manymodern cities, roads, and industries might not exist today without the foundations laid by early explores.But exploring unknown territories isn't easy - it takes incredible bravery, determination and perseverance. Explorers had to overcome things like harsh climates, rugged landscapes, hostile encounters, disease, starvation, getting lost, and so much more. Many sadly didn't make it back home. Their stories show us the importance of courage, resilience and pushing the limits of what's possible.Exploration has also inspired others to pursue their own dreams of adventure and discovery. When I was little, I remember learning about explorers in school and being so amazed by their daring deeds. It sparked my imagination and made me curious to go see the world myself one day. Who knows, maybe I'll become an explorer too when I grow up - a space explorer!These days, there are still so many places on Earth and in the cosmos left to explore, from hostile environments like the Arctic to mysteriousplanets and galaxies in the depths of space. Modern-day explorers rely on advanced technology like satellites, robotics, and deep-sea submersibles to blaze new trails of exploration.Exploring isn't just about checking places off a map, though. It's about quenching humanity's thirst for new knowledge and understanding. It's about appreciating the beauty and diversity of life on our planet. It's about pushing the boundaries of what we're capable of. It's about discovering ourselves.That's why explorers from long ago all the way to today are SO important. They've helped connect the world through their discoveries and brave acts of curiosity. They've shown us that incredible wonders are possible when we embrace the unknown instead of fearing it. And they've inspired generations of others to keep exploring too!I hope you've enjoyed learning about the crucial role explorers have played for China and the entire globe. They are the real-life heroes who ventured into the unknown to make the world we know today a much bigger, fuller place. Keep exploring, and who knows what amazing things you might discover or where your journey will take you? The next big adventure awaits!。
关于各国音乐的感受英语作文
关于各国音乐的感受英语作文Music is an essential part of every culture around the world. It reflects the traditions, emotions, and values of a society, and it is a powerful medium for expressing one's thoughts and feelings. Each country has its own unique style of music, and experiencing the music of different cultures can be a fascinating and enriching experience.One of the most expressive and emotive forms of music is traditional Chinese music. With its roots dating back thousands of years, Chinese music has a rich history and is deeply intertwined with Chinese culture. Traditional Chinese music often features the use of instruments such as the guzheng, erhu, and pipa, and it is characterized by its soothing melodies and intricate rhythms. Listening to traditional Chinese music can transport one to ancient times and evoke a sense of nostalgia and contemplation.In sharp contrast to the tranquility of Chinese music is the vibrant and energetic nature of traditional African music. With its pulsating rhythms, infectious beats, and livelydance moves, African music is a celebration of life and community. From the rhythmic drumming of West Africa to the melodic chants of South Africa, African music is diverse and soul-stirring. It has the power to uplift and inspire, and it is impossible to remain indifferent to its infectious rhythms.Meanwhile, in the Western world, classical music has long been cherished for its complexity, depth, and emotional impact. The works of composers such as Mozart, Beethoven, and Bach are celebrated for their timeless beauty andunparalleled artistic expression. From the haunting melodiesof a symphony to the intricate harmonies of a concerto, classical music is a testament to the human capacity for creativity and emotional depth. It has the ability to stirthe soul and evoke a myriad of emotions.Another unique and culturally significant genre of music is Indian classical music, which is renowned for itsintricate melodies and complex rhythmic structures. With its roots in ancient scriptures and traditions, Indian classical music is a spiritual and transcendent experience. The use of instruments such as the sitar and tabla, combined with the intricate vocal techniques, creates a mesmerizing and meditative atmosphere. Indian classical music is a reflection of the rich cultural heritage of India and is deeply ingrained in the spiritual and philosophical traditions of the country.In contrast, the music of Latin America is characterized by its fiery passion, rhythmic intensity, and vibrant melodies. From the seductive rhythms of the tango to the infectious beats of salsa, Latin American music is a celebration of the joy of life and the spirit of the people. It is impossible to resist the urge to move to the infectious beats of Latin American music, and it is an experience thatignites the senses and creates a sense of euphoria and vitality.In conclusion, the music of different countries reflects the unique cultural, historical, and emotional aspects of each society. Whether it is the soothing melodies of traditional Chinese music, the infectious beats of African music, the timeless beauty of classical music, the spiritual transcendence of Indian classical music, or the vibrant passion of Latin American music, each genre offers a glimpse into the soul of a nation. Experiencing the music of different cultures is a powerful and enriching experience that fosters a deeper understanding and appreciation of the diversity and beauty of the world.。
打破中国刻板印象英语作文
IntroductionChina, a nation steeped in ancient history and cultural richness, has long been subject to a myriad of stereotypes that often oversimplify or misrepresent its reality. These misconceptions, rooted in both historical biases and a lack of comprehensive understanding, paint an incomplete and at times distorted image of the country. This essay aims to challenge and dispel these stereotypes by offering a multi-faceted analysis of modern China, delving into its socio-economic progress, cultural diversity, technological advancements, environmental initiatives, and evolving global role.Socio-Economic Progress: Beyond the "Factory of the World"One prevailing stereotype is that China is merely a low-cost manufacturing hub, a monolithic "factory of the world." While it is true that China's rapid industrialization and economic growth over the past few decades have been largely fueled by manufacturing exports, this perception fails to acknowledge the profound transformation the country has undergone.Firstly, China's economy has diversified significantly. Services now account for more than half of the country's GDP (54.6% in 2020), driven by sectors like finance, technology, healthcare, and education. China has also become a major consumer market, with a burgeoning middle class eager to spend on domestic and international products. This shift not only underscores China's economic resilience but also its growing influence on global consumption patterns.Secondly, China is actively pursuing innovation and technological prowess. The government's strategic emphasis on science and technology has fostered a thriving tech ecosystem, with companies like Huawei, Tencent, and Alibaba leading the way in areas such as 5G, artificial intelligence, and e-commerce. Moreover, China is now home to some of the world's most valuable startups, reflecting its capacity for innovation and entrepreneurship.Cultural Diversity: More Than Dragons, Kung Fu, and Red LanternsCulturally, China is often reduced to a few iconic symbols: dragons, kungthey fail to capture the immense diversity and complexity of China's cultural landscape.China is home to 56 officially recognized ethnic groups, each with their distinct languages, customs, and traditions. This rich tapestry is reflected in the country's varied cuisines, festivals, music, dance, and art forms. Furthermore, contemporary Chinese culture is vibrant and dynamic, encompassing cutting-edge fashion, avant-garde art, and a booming film and entertainment industry.Additionally, China's urban landscape is rapidly evolving, with cities like Shanghai, Beijing, and Shenzhen boasting futuristic skylines, world-class museums, and vibrant nightlife. This blend of traditional and modern elements reflects China's ability to preserve its cultural heritage while embracing change and innovation.Technological Advancements: From Copycat to InnovatorThe stereotype of China as a mere imitator in technology is increasingly outdated. While the country did initially leverage reverse engineering and imitation to jumpstart its technological development, it has since made significant strides in indigenous innovation.China now ranks second globally in terms of R&D spending, and its patent applications have surpassed those of any other country. Breakthroughs in fields like high-speed rail, quantum communication, and space exploration showcase China's technological prowess. Moreover, China is at the forefront of digitalization, with widespread adoption of mobile payments, e-commerce, and digital services that have transformed daily life for millions.Environmental Initiatives: Greening the DragonPerceptions of China as environmentally irresponsible, largely due to its past pollution problems and heavy reliance on coal, overlook the substantial efforts it has made in recent years to address environmental challenges.China is now the world's largest investor in renewable energy and leads inemissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. The country is also implementing ambitious reforestation programs, promoting green technologies, and tightening environmental regulations. While challenges remain, China's commitment to sustainable development is evident and crucial for global climate action.Evolving Global Role: From Isolation to EngagementHistorical notions of China as insular and isolationist no longer hold true. Today, China is an active participant in global affairs, wielding significant economic clout and diplomatic influence.As the world's second-largest economy and a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, China plays a pivotal role in shaping the international order. It is a key player in multilateral organizations like the G20, WTO, and BRICS, and has launched initiatives such as the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) to deepen economic integration and connectivity across continents. Moreover, China is increasingly engaged in global issues like climate change, public health, and peacekeeping, reflecting its commitment to shared global responsibilities.ConclusionIn dispelling these stereotypes about China, we gain a more nuanced and accurate understanding of a nation that is simultaneously deeply rooted in its rich history and dynamically embracing change. China's socio-economic progress, cultural diversity, technological advancements, environmental initiatives, and evolving global role defy simplistic categorizations. As the world becomes ever more interconnected, fostering a comprehensive and unbiased understanding of China is essential for effective cooperation, mutual respect, and the shared prosperity of our global community.。
打破对中国刻板印象英语作文
打破对中国刻板印象英语作文Breaking the Stereotypes: Revealing the Vibrant Diversity of China。
China, a land of ancient wonders and modern marvels, has long been shrouded in a veil of misconceptions and stereotypes. From the bustling streets of Beijing to the serene landscapes of Yunnan, the true essence of this captivating country often eludes those who have not had the privilege of experiencing it firsthand. In this essay, we will embark on a journey to shatter the preconceived notions and uncover the rich tapestry of Chinese culture, society, and people.One of the most prevalent stereotypes about China is the notion of a homogeneous society, where everyone conforms to a singular cultural identity. However, the reality is far more complex and diverse. China is a mosaic of ethnic groups, each with its own unique traditions, languages, and customs. From the Tibetans in the Himalayas to the Uyghurs in the northwest, the country boasts a remarkable array of minority populations, each contributing to the vibrant diversity that defines the nation.Furthermore, the idea of China as a rigidly authoritarian state, devoid of individual expression, is a gross oversimplification. While it is true that the Chinese government maintains a strong presence in the lives of its citizens, the reality on the ground is far more nuanced. Across the country, there is a thriving arts and cultural scene, with artists, writers, and intellectuals pushing the boundaries of creativity and challenging societal norms. From the avant-garde galleries of Shanghai to the independent film festivals of Beijing, the Chinese people are actively engaged in shaping their cultural landscape, defying the stereotype of a monolithic, state-controlled society.Another common misconception is the perception of China as a land of perpetual economic growth, where the pursuit of material wealth overshadows all other aspects of life. While it is undeniable that the country has experienced remarkable economic development in recent decades, the reality is far more complex. Alongside the glittering skyscrapers and bustling commercial hubs, there are vibrant communities that prioritize sustainable living, environmental protection, and social welfare. From the eco-villages ofGuangxi to the cooperative farming initiatives in Sichuan, the Chinese people are actively engaged in finding innovative solutions to the challenges of modern life, showcasing a deep commitment to the well-being of their communities and the planet.Perhaps one of the most enduring stereotypes about China is the notion of a rigid, hierarchical society, where individual expression and personal freedom are suppressed. While it is true that the country has a long history of centralized governance, the reality on the ground is far more nuanced. Across China, there is a growing movement of young people who are challenging traditional norms and asserting their right to self-determination. From the rise of social media influencers to the increasing participation of women in the workforce, the Chinese society is undergoing a profound transformation, with individuals carving out spaces for personal growth and self-expression.In conclusion, the true essence of China lies not in the stereotypes and misconceptions that have long defined it, but in the rich tapestry of its diverse cultures, the resilience of its people, and the dynamic nature of its evolving society. By shattering these preconceived notions and embracing the complexity and vibrancy of this ancient civilization, we can gain a deeper understanding and appreciation for the remarkable country that is China.。
tiger的英语作文范文 初中
tiger的英语作文范文初中Tigers are one of the most magnificent and awe-inspiring animals on our planet. These majestic felines are the largest of the big cats and have long captivated the hearts and imaginations of people around the world. With their striking orange and black striped coats, powerful builds, and fierce predatory skills, tigers are truly remarkable creatures.Tigers are found in various regions of Asia, including India, China, Russia, and Southeast Asia. They inhabit a diverse range of habitats, from dense tropical rainforests to grasslands, swamps, and even snow-capped mountains. Each subspecies of tiger has adapted to thrive in its unique environment, showcasing the incredible versatility of these animals.One of the most well-known and iconic subspecies of tiger is the Bengal tiger, found primarily in India and Bangladesh. These tigers are known for their vibrant orange coats with distinctive black stripes and are revered in many cultures for their strength, courage, and spiritual significance. Bengal tigers are skilled hunters, using theirpowerful jaws and sharp claws to take down a variety of prey, including deer, wild boar, and even large prey such as buffalo and elephants.Another fascinating subspecies is the Siberian tiger, also known as the Amur tiger. These tigers are the largest of all the tiger subspecies, with males weighing up to 700 pounds and measuring up to 10 feet in length. Siberian tigers are adapted to the harsh, snowy environments of the Russian Far East, where they hunt for their primary prey, the Siberian red deer. Despite their size and strength, Siberian tigers are elusive and difficult to spot in the wild, making encounters with these magnificent creatures all the more awe-inspiring.In addition to their physical prowess, tigers are also known for their complex social and behavioral traits. These solitary animals are highly territorial and use a variety of vocalizations, scent markings, and visual displays to communicate with one another. Tigers are also exceptional swimmers and have been observed crossing large rivers and even the open ocean in search of new territories or mates.Unfortunately, tiger populations around the world are under threat due to various human-related factors, such as habitat loss, poaching, and conflict with human settlements. Many subspecies of tigers, such as the Sumatran tiger and the South China tiger, are criticallyendangered, with only a few hundred individuals remaining in the wild. Conservation efforts to protect these animals and their habitats are of utmost importance, as the loss of tigers would have a devastating impact on the delicate ecosystems they inhabit.One of the most significant conservation successes in recent years has been the recovery of the Indian tiger population. Through rigorous conservation measures, including anti-poaching patrols, habitat restoration, and community-based initiatives, the number of tigers in India has increased from around 1,400 in 2006 to over 2,900 in 2022. This remarkable turnaround serves as a testament to the power of dedicated conservation efforts and the resilience of these magnificent animals.Beyond their ecological importance, tigers also hold deep cultural and symbolic significance in many Asian countries. In Hinduism, the tiger is associated with the goddess Durga, a powerful deity who is often depicted riding a tiger. In Chinese culture, the tiger is one of the 12 animals of the zodiac and is revered for its strength, courage, and leadership qualities. Tigers also feature prominently in the folklore and mythology of various Asian cultures, further cementing their status as iconic and revered creatures.In recent years, the plight of tigers has also captured the attention of the global community, with numerous organizations and initiativesdedicated to their conservation. The World Wildlife Fund (WWF), for example, has launched ambitious campaigns to double the global tiger population by 2022, known as the "Tx2" goal. Through partnerships with governments, local communities, and other stakeholders, the WWF and other conservation groups are working tirelessly to protect tiger habitats, combat poaching, and raise awareness about the importance of these majestic animals.As we look to the future, the fate of tigers remains uncertain, but the dedication and efforts of conservationists, researchers, and concerned citizens around the world offer hope for the survival of these magnificent creatures. By continuing to prioritize tiger conservation, we not only protect these iconic animals but also safeguard the delicate ecosystems they inhabit and the rich cultural heritage they represent. The tiger's resilience and adaptability serve as a powerful reminder of the wonders of the natural world, and it is our responsibility to ensure that these magnificent felines continue to roam the earth for generations to come.。
高考英语外刊阅读理解训练讲义：印度人口即将超过中国,这意味着什么
高考英语外刊阅读理解训练：印度人口即将超过中国，这意味着什么本文节选自：The New York Times（纽约时报）发布时间：2023.4.21作者：ALEX TRAVELLI, WEIYI CAI原文标题：Will This Be the ‘Indian Century’? Four Key QuestionsIndia is on the cusp of passing C-hina in population, according to the latest U.N. estimates. At 1.428 billion people, I-ndia has already edged past Mainland of China, the data show, and it will soon surpass the Mainland of China and Hong Kong combined. With China’s population declining, the margin between the two countries will only grow as India becomes the most populous country in history. What had long been the world’s largest democracy is now, simply, the world’s largest everything.The gentle slope of the demographic curve propelling India into first place looks enviable to the many developed nations that are rapidly aging. Indians are living longer, and the number of babies being born each year has barely budged. Unlike China, India faces no steep drop-off and accompanying economic and social dangers. It has a young and expanding work force as China’s grays and contracts. In some of India’s regions, the population is still growing too fast for their economies, producingmany more able-bodied young people than there are jobs to occupy them.Having a fast-expanding young work force could be a big opportunity —or a disaster. India is a country primed to work. More than two-thirds of all Indians are between the ages of 15 and 59. The country’s ratio of children and retirees to working-age adults is remarkably low. But this opportunity comes with huge challenges. That “demographic dividend”could instead become something like a disaster. In some recent years, India has squeaked past China to claim the title of fastest-growing major economy. But it has never expanded fast enough to produce sufficient formal employment for everyone. The country needs about nine million new jobs every year just to keep pace; the annual shortfall helps relegate many to India’s old standby, agricultural work.Most people in India lack the means to be “unemployed”–in the work force but without a job. Underemployment is the more discreet danger. Wages have been stagnant for eight years, according to an analysis by Jean Drèze, an economist at Delhi University. Economic growth without an equivalent increase in jobs makes India’s massively unequal society even more so, raising the potential for unrest.Women work outside the home at lower rates in India than almost any other country, a huge roadblock for economic expansion. India has one of the world’s lowest rates of formal employment for women: about one in five. China’s is almost double that rate, higher than the UnitedStates’and the world average. An economy cannot meet its potential when it draws on the contributions of so few women.阅读理解：1. What is the current population of India?A. 1.428 billion peopleB. 1.4 billion peopleC. 1.3 billion peopleD. 2 billion people2. What is the demographic curve of India like?A. It is gently sloping.B. It is steeply sloping.C. It is flat.D. It is unpredictable.3. What is the ratio of children and retirees to working-age adults in India?A. HighB. LowC. AverageD. Unknown4. What is a major challenge for India's fast-expanding young workforce?A. Not having enough jobs available.B. Being overpaid which will lead to inflation.C. Being underqualified for many jobs.D. Not being interested in formal employment.5. What is one of the roadblocks for India's economic expansion?A. The country's young and expanding workforce.B. Underemployment.C. The high rate of formal employment for women.D. Women working outside the home at lower rates.答案：AABAD熟词复习：1. Cusp: 界限，转折点；2. Population: 人口；3. U.N. (United Nations): 联合国；4. Estimates: 估计数据；5. Mainland: 大陆；6. China: 中国；7. Data: 数据；8. Surpass: 超过；9. Hong Kong: 香港；10. Combined: 合计；11. Margin: 差距；12. Populous: 人口众多的；13. Democracy: 民主；14. Developed: 发达的；15. Aging: 老龄化；16. Babies: 婴儿；17. Budged: 移动；18. Drop-off: 下滑；19. Accompanying: 伴随的；20. Economic: 经济的；21. Social: 社会的；22. Dangers: 危险；23. Workforce: 劳动力；24. Grays: 变老；25. Contracts: 收缩；26. Regions: 地区；27. Economies: 经济体系；28. Able-bodied: 有劳动力的；29. Opportunities: 机会；30. Disaster: 灾难；31. Primed: 准备好的；32. Ratio: 比率；33. Retirees: 退休人员；34. Working-age: 适龄劳动人口的；35. Remarkably: 显著地；36. Low: 低的；37. Dividend: 红利；38. Squeaked past: 勉强超过；39. Fastest-growing: 增长最快的；40. Major: 主要的；41. Economy: 经济；42. Sufficient: 充分的；43. Formal: 正式的；44. Employment: 就业；45. Underemployment: 低收入就业；46. Stagnant: 停滞不前的；47. Massively: 极大地；48. Unequal: 不平等的；49. Rates: 比率；50. Roadblock: 障碍新词积累：1.squeak英/ skwiːk /美/ skwiːk /v.吱吱叫，嘎吱作响；紧张（或激动）得尖声说；<非正式>勉强通过，侥幸成功；<非正式>告密，告发n.吱吱声，短促的尖叫声；只言片语；<非正式>机会2.relegate英/ ˈrelɪɡeɪt /美/ ˈrelɪɡeɪt /v.贬低，使降级；<英>把（球队）降级；<正式>托付，交付3.roadblock英/ ˈrəʊdblɒk /美/ ˈroʊdblɑːk /n.路障；障碍物vi.设置路障◆词组搭配1.on the cusp 在交点上；在尖端上2.keep pace 并驾齐驱；齐步并进写作句总结原句：Having a fast-expanding young work force could be a big opportunity —or a disaster.结构：Having XX could be a big opportunity —or a disaster. 例句：Having a solid education could be a big opportunity —or a disaster, depending on how you use it.全文对照翻译India is on the cusp of passing C-hina in population, according to the latest U.N. estimates. At 1.428 billion people, I-ndia has already edged past Mainland of China, the data show, and it will soon surpass the Mainland of China and Hong Kong combined. With China’s population declining, the margin between the two countries will only grow as India becomes the most populous country in history. What had long been the world’s largest democracy is now, simply, the world’s largest everything.根据联合国的最新估计，印度人口即将超过中国。
中国印山英文作文
中国印山英文作文英文回答：Yinxian is an archaeological site in China's Henan province, dating back to the Neolithic period (c. 5500-4900 BCE). It is renowned for its discovery of a large number of oracle bones, inscribed with ancient Chinese characters, which has revolutionized our understanding of early Chinese history and culture.The Yinxian oracle bones were primarily used for divination, a practice that was common in ancient China. People would consult divine beings through oracle bones by inscribing questions on them and then applying heat to cause the bones to crack. The patterns formed by the cracks were then interpreted by diviners to provide guidance or predictions.The oracle bones from Yinxian have provided invaluable insights into the political, social, and religious life ofthe Shang dynasty (c. 1600-1046 BCE), which was the first major dynasty in China. They contain detailed records of events, such as military campaigns, sacrifices, and royal appointments, as well as information about the economy, agriculture, and astronomy.The discovery of the Yinxian oracle bones has significantly contributed to our understanding of ancient Chinese writing. The inscriptions on the bones represent the earliest known examples of Chinese script, and they have allowed scholars to trace the development of the Chinese language over time.In addition to their historical and linguistic significance, the Yinxian oracle bones are also remarkable for their artistic value. The scribes who inscribed the bones often displayed great skill and creativity in their workmanship, and some of the bones feature elaborate decorations or images.Overall, the archaeological site of Yinxian and its trove of oracle bones have provided us with a wealth ofinformation about early Chinese civilization. They are a testament to the ingenuity and cultural achievements of the ancient Chinese people, and they continue to inspire researchers and scholars to this day.中文回答：殷墟是我国河南省的一处考古遗址，其年代可以追溯至新石器时期（约公元前5500-4900年）。
亚洲和欧洲国家的对比英语作文50字
亚洲和欧洲国家的对比英语作文50字全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Asia and Europe are two continents with rich histories, diverse cultures, and unique characteristics. While both continents have similarities in terms of economic development and technological advancement, there are also significant differences in terms of geography, culture, and traditions.One of the key differences between Asia and Europe is their geographical features. Europe is a relatively small continent with a higher population density compared to Asia. Europe is also known for its diverse landscapes, including the Alps in the north and the Mediterranean Sea in the south. In contrast, Asia is the largest continent in the world with a wide range of geographical features, including deserts, mountains, and forests.In terms of culture and traditions, Europe is known for its rich history of art, literature, and philosophy. European countries have made significant contributions to the development of Western civilization, including the Renaissance and the Enlightenment. In contrast, Asia has a long history of ancientcivilizations, such as China, India, and Japan, which have made significant contributions to the fields of science, technology, and philosophy.Economically, Europe has a higher GDP per capita compared to Asia, with countries like Germany, France, and the United Kingdom leading the way in terms of economic development. However, Asia is home to some of the world's fastest-growing economies, including China, India, and Singapore, which have experienced rapid industrialization and urbanization in recent decades.Despite these differences, both Asia and Europe share common challenges, such as climate change, globalization, and political instability. As global interconnectedness continues to grow, it is important for countries in both continents to work together to address these challenges and build a more sustainable future for all. Ultimately, Asia and Europe have much to learn from each other and can benefit from a closer partnership based on mutual respect and cooperation.篇2Asia and Europe are two continents with rich cultural, historical, and geographical differences. While both continentshave their own unique characteristics, there are also many similarities and differences that can be observed when comparing the countries in Asia and Europe.One major difference between Asia and Europe is the size of the continents. Asia is the largest continent in terms of both landmass and population, with countries like China, India, and Indonesia being some of the most populous in the world. In contrast, Europe is much smaller in landmass and population, with countries like Russia, Germany, and France being some of the most populous in Europe.Another key difference between Asia and Europe is the diversity of cultures and languages. Asia is home to a wide range of cultures and languages, with countries like China, India, Japan, and Indonesia each having their own unique traditions and customs. In contrast, Europe is also diverse in terms of cultures and languages, with countries like France, Germany, Italy, and Spain each having their own distinct cultural identity.One similarity between Asia and Europe is the presence of ancient civilizations and historical landmarks. Both continents have a rich history of empires, kingdoms, and dynasties that have left behind a wealth of historical sites and monuments. Countrieslike China, India, Egypt, Greece, Italy, and France are known for their ancient civilizations and historical landmarks.In terms of economic development, both Asia and Europe are home to some of the world's largest economies. Countries like China, Japan, South Korea, Germany, and the United Kingdom are major economic powerhouses in their respective continents. Both continents also have countries that are classified as high-income, middle-income, and low-income economies, reflecting the diversity of economic development in Asia and Europe.In terms of political systems and governance, Asia and Europe have a mix of democracies, monarchies, socialist states, and dictatorships. Countries like Japan, South Korea, India, Germany, France, and the United Kingdom are democracies, while countries like China, Russia, Iran, and Saudi Arabia have different forms of authoritarian rule. Both continents have a mix of political systems that reflect the diversity of governance in Asia and Europe.In conclusion, Asia and Europe are two continents with rich cultural, historical, and geographical differences. While there are similarities in terms of ancient civilizations, economic development, and political systems, there are also differences interms of size, diversity of cultures and languages, and governance. Both continents have their own unique characteristics that make them fascinating and diverse regions of the world.篇3Asia and Europe are two distinct continents with their own unique characteristics. While both continents have a rich history and diverse cultures, there are also many differences between them.One of the main differences between Asia and Europe is their geographical size. Europe is much smaller in land area compared to Asia, which is the largest continent in the world. This difference in size has also influenced the population of each continent, with Asia being home to more than half of the world's population.Another difference between Asia and Europe is their cultural diversity. Asia is known for its wide range of languages, religions, and traditions, with countries like China, India, and Japan each having their own distinct cultures. In contrast, Europe has a more homogenous culture, with many countries sharing similar languages and religions.Economically, Europe is generally considered to be more developed than Asia. Many European countries have high standards of living, advanced infrastructure, and strong economies. On the other hand, Asia is a mix of developed countries like Japan and South Korea, as well as developing countries like India and Indonesia.Politically, Europe is divided into multiple countries with different political systems, while Asia has a mix of democratic and authoritarian regimes. Europe has a long history of democracy and human rights, while Asia has a mix of governments ranging from democracies to authoritarian regimes.In conclusion, Asia and Europe are two continents with many differences in geography, culture, economy, and politics. Despite these differences, both continents have made significant contributions to the world and continue to play important roles in global affairs.。
chinadaily双语新闻：世界人口到2025年将达81亿
⽆忧考英语资源频道为⼤家整理的china daily 双语新闻：世界⼈⼝到2025年将达81亿，供⼤家阅读参考。
The United Nations forecast Thursday that the world's population will increase from 7.2 billion today to 8.1 billion in 2025, with most growth in developing countries and more than half in Africa. By 2050, it will reach 9.6 billion.India's population is expected to surpass China's around 2028 when both countries will have populations of around 1.45 billion, according to the report on "World Population Prospects." While India's population is forecast to grow to around 1.6 billion and then slowly decline to 1.5 billion in 2100, China's is expected to start decreasing after 2030, possibly falling to 1.1 billion in 2100, it said.The report found global fertility rates are falling rapidly, though not nearly fast enough to avoid a significant population jump over the next decades. In fact, the U.N. revised its population projection upward since its last report two years ago, mostly due to higher fertility projections in the countries with the most children per women. The previous projection had the global population reaching 9.3 billion people in 2050.John Wilmoth, director of the Population Division in the U.N.'s Department of Economic and Social Affairs, said the projected population increase will pose challenges but is not necessarily cause for alarm. Rather, he said, the worry is for countries on opposite sides of two extremes: Countries, mostly poor ones, whose populations are growing too quickly, and wealthier ones where the populations is aging and decreasing."The world has had a great experience of dealing with rapid population growth," Wilmoth said at a news conference. "World population doubled between 1960 and 2000, roughly. World food supply more than doubled over that time period.""The problem is more one of extremes," he added. "The main story is to avoid the extreme of either rapid growth due to high fertility or rapid population aging and potential decline due to very low fertility."Among the fastest-growing countries is Nigeria, whose population is expected to surpass the U.S. population before the middle of the century and could start to rival China as the second-most populous country in the world by the end of the century, according to the report. By 2050, Nigeria's population is expected to reach more than 440 million people, compared to about 400 million for the U.S. The oil-rich African country's population is forecast to be nearly 914 million by 2100.The report found that most countries with very high levels of fertility — more than 5 children per women — are on the U.N. list of least-developed countries. Most are in Africa, but they also include Afghanistan and East Timor.But the average number of children per woman has swiftly declined in several large countries, including China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Brazil and South Africa, leading to a reduction in population growth rates in much of the developing world.In contrast, many European and eastern Asia countries have very low fertility levels."As a result, these populations are aging rapidly and face challenges in providing care and support to their growing ranks of older persons," Wilmoth said.Wilmoth cautioned that "there is a great deal of uncertainty about population trends." He said projections could change based on the trajectories of three major components — fertility, mortality and migration.Still, population growth until 2050 is all but inevitable.The U.N. uses the "medium-variant" projection, which assumes a substantial reduction in the fertility levels of intermediate-and high-fertility countries in the coming years. In the "high-variant" — if women on average had an extra half of a child — the world population would reach 10.9 billion in 2050. In the "low-variant" — if women on average had half a child fewer — the population would be 8.3 billion in 2050.Among the notable findings in the report:• The population in developing regions is projected to increase from 5.9 billion in 2013 to 8.2 billion in 2050. In contrast, the population of developed countries is expected to remain largely unchanged during that period, at around 1.3 billion people.• Africa's population could increase from 1.1 billion today to 2.4 billion in 2050, and potentially to 4.2 billion by 2100.• The number of children in less-developed regions is at all time high at 1.7 billion. In those regions, children under age 15 account for 26% of the population. In the poorest countries, children constitute 40% of their populations, posing huge challenges for providing education and employment.• In wealthier regions, by contrast, children account for 16% of the population. In developed countries as a whole, the number of older people has already surpassed the number of children, and by 2050 the number of older people will be nearly twice the number of children.• Low-fertility countries now include all of Europe except Iceland plus 19 countries in Asia, 17 in the Americas, two in Africa and one in Oceania.• The populations of several countries are expected to decline by more than 15% by 2050, including Belarus, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cuba, Georgia, Latvia, Lithuania, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russia Serbia, and Ukraine.• Life expectancy at birth for the world as a whole rose from 47 years in 1950-55 to 69 years in 2005-2010 and is projected to reach 76 years in 2045-2050 and 82 years in 2095-2100. 查看译⽂据美联社报道，联合国6⽉13⽇最新报告预计，世界⼈⼝到2025年将从72亿增长⾄81亿，到2050年世界⼈⼝将达96亿。
滇缅公路（BurmaRoad）_高中英语作文
滇缅公路(Burma Road)盟军忍受疾病、季风和日军的袭击，筑起了这条臭名昭著的1800公里长的补给线。
这条路目前仍蜿蜒穿越在三个国家——也留在了老兵们的记忆里。
the old soldiers urge me not to go looking. they'd prefer to think that the road they hacked across india's steep patkai range and down through the jungles of burma to china during world war ii is gone. that its two stringy lanes—now six decades old—have been devoured by time and landslides, jungle monsoons and swampy earth.老兵们劝我别去找。
他们宁愿相信二战期间他们所开凿的、始于印度陡峭的帕特开山、经由缅甸的热带雨林、最后通往中国的那条道路已经不存在了。
他们宁愿相信那已有60年历史、狭窄崎岖的两车道公路，已经被时间、山崩、雨林季风和沼泽湿地所湮灭。
but right now, step after step, i'm crossing a steel bridge near the northeastern indian village of jairampur: a dilapidated span the old soldiers laid above the muddy khatang nalla in early 1943, the first true bridge of the burma road's 1,100-mile (1,800 kilometer) length.可是现在，我正一步一步地越过印度东北jairampur村附近地一个铁桥：这座已经荒废了的桥是老兵们于1943年初，在泥泞的khatang nalla河上架设的，这也是全长1800公里的滇缅公路的第一座真正的桥。
做对比英语作文
做对比英语作文Title: A Comparative Analysis: Urbanization in China and India。
Urbanization, the process of population concentration in urban areas, is a phenomenon shaping the socio-economic landscapes of nations worldwide. In this comparative essay, we delve into the urbanization trajectories of two Asian giants, China and India. Despite their shared continental expanse and rapidly growing populations, these nations have followed distinct paths in urban development. This essay aims to explore the similarities, differences, and underlying factors contributing to the divergent urbanization experiences of China and India.Firstly, it's imperative to acknowledge the sheer scale of urbanization in both countries. China and India are home to some of the world's largest cities, with megacities like Shanghai, Beijing, Mumbai, and Delhi exerting significant influence on their respective national economies andcultures. However, the pace and pattern of urban growth differ markedly between the two nations.In China, urbanization has been propelled by a deliberate state-led agenda since the late 20th century. The government's focus on industrialization and infrastructure development spurred rapid urban expansion, leading to the creation of numerous planned cities and Special Economic Zones (SEZs). This top-down approach facilitated the migration of millions from rural areas to urban centers in search of employment opportunities and better living standards. As a result, China's urban population surpassed its rural counterpart in 2011, marking a significant demographic shift.Contrastingly, India's urbanization has been more organic and gradual, characterized by a complex interplay of factors including rural-urban migration, natural population growth, and informal urbanization. UnlikeChina's centralized planning, India's urban development has been largely decentralized, with states and municipalities exercising considerable autonomy in city governance andplanning. Consequently, Indian cities exhibit a diverse range of urban forms, from ancient metropolises like Varanasi to modern tech hubs like Bangalore.One of the key distinctions between Chinese and Indian urbanization lies in their governance structures and policy frameworks. China's authoritarian regime has enabled swift decision-making and implementation of large-scale urban projects, albeit at the expense of democratic participation and social equity. The Chinese government's strict control over land use, migration, and urban expansion has been instrumental in maintaining social order and economic stability. However, critics argue that this centralized model has led to environmental degradation, social inequality, and urban sprawl.In contrast, India's democratic system, characterizedby federalism and decentralized governance, fosters a more pluralistic approach to urban development. While thisallows for greater citizen participation and local autonomy, it also results in bureaucratic red tape, political gridlock, and uneven development across regions. India'surban governance challenges are further compounded byissues of corruption, inadequate infrastructure, andinformal settlements, which hinder sustainable urbanization efforts.Moreover, cultural and historical factors play a significant role in shaping the urban landscapes of China and India. China's millennia-old civilization has endowedits cities with rich cultural heritage and iconic landmarks, blending tradition with modernity. The preservation of historical sites and cultural relics is a priority for the Chinese government, reflecting a sense of national identity and pride. In contrast, India's urban fabric reflects its diverse cultural tapestry, with cities serving as melting pots of religion, language, and ethnicity. Despite rapid modernization, Indian cities retain their age-old customs and traditions, creating a unique blend of old and new.Economically, both China and India have witnessed unprecedented urban prosperity and economic growth. Chinese cities are engines of manufacturing, trade, and innovation, driving the country's transition from an agrarian to anindustrial powerhouse. The rapid expansion of China's middle class has fueled consumer demand and urban consumption, contributing to global economic integration. Similarly, India's urban centers are hubs of entrepreneurship, services, and technology, attracting multinational corporations and skilled professionals from around the world. However, India's urban economy is characterized by stark income disparities, with pockets of wealth coexisting alongside pervasive poverty and informal employment.In conclusion, while China and India share common challenges and opportunities in urbanization, their divergent paths reflect contrasting political, social, and economic contexts. China's authoritarian governance model has enabled rapid urbanization and infrastructure development, albeit with concerns regarding environmental sustainability and social equity. In contrast, India's democratic system promotes diversity and inclusivity but struggles with governance inefficiencies and urban poverty. As these two Asian giants continue on their urbanizationjourneys, the lessons learned from their experiences will undoubtedly shape the future of urban development worldwide.。
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<div class="article_tit"> China, India in sharp contrast in anti-dumping action </div> <span>×÷Õß : QI Junyan (Æë¿¡åû)</span> <p> ¡¡¡¡Abstract: <br>¡¡¡¡Based on 1995-2008 data, the author researched China and India¡¯s anti-dumping situations, examining the level of international status and countries and industries involved, and analyzed the symmetry between China and India¡¯s initiation and the encounter of anti-dumping cases using the index of accusation symmetry (IA) and the index of sanction symmetry (IS); based on this, the author surveyed India¡¯s successful anti-dumping experiences and analyzed why China is frequently accused of anti-dumping, yet loses most anti-dumping petitions initiated against other countries. The author then put forward policy suggestions regarding how to reduce the intensity of anti-dumping accusations filed against China and intensify the strength of its own anti-dumping actions filed against other dumping nations. <br/>¡¡¡¡ <br/>¡¡¡¡Key words: <br/>¡¡¡¡China, India, anti-dumping, symmetry index <br/>¡¡¡¡ <br/>¡¡¡¡Since the outbreak of the U.S. subprime mortgage crisis, global economic growth slowed and trade protectionism gained ground in every country. Anti-dumping gradually became the most important means of trade protection. According to WTO statistics, its members have launched 3,427 anti-dumping investigations from 1995-2008; among those, India launched 564, making it the world's most diligent anti-dumping investigator, while China faced 677 anti-dumping accusations, the world's No. 1 target of anti-dumping actions and the major target of India's anti-dumping investigations. Why do India and China ? both large, developing Asian countries ? have such a large gap in international anti-dumping status? Based on 1995-2008 anti-dumping data for China and India, the author researched the symmetry between the initiation and encounter of anti-dumping cases by China and India, examining the level of international status and the countries and industries involved using IA and IS (Yang Shihui 2002, Qi Junyan 2006 and Yin Qiang 2006); then, the author analyzed reasons for and the impact of the gap in anti-dumping between China and India and put forward policy suggestions to reduce the intensity of anti-dumping accusations filed against China and intensify the strength of its anti-dumping actions filed against other dumping nations. <br/>¡¡¡¡ <br/>¡¡¡¡I.Status quo: A comparison of the initiation and encounter of anti-dumping accusations between China and India <br/>¡¡¡¡ <br/>¡¡¡¡(I) Comparison of international status <br/>¡¡¡¡According to WTO statistics, China and India have always been among the top 10 targets of anti-dumping investigations. China has remained the world's No. 1 target from 1995 to present, but India's place fell from seventh in 2007 to eighth in 2008, and from fifth to sixth among developing countries. In terms of initiating anti-dumping actions, India's international status hasimproved rapidly, with its number of anti-dumping cases initiated exceeding the United States for the first time in 1999 and ranking second in the world. During 1995-2008, India lodged 564 anti-dumping accusations, 16.5% of the world's total. China did not establish the Anti-dumping Law until 1997. By 2008, China launched 164 anti-dumping accusations, 4.8% of the world's total and highly incongruous with its trading-power status. India overrides China in the initiation of anti-dumping cases both in terms of case numbers and proportion. Figure 1 indicates the gap between China and India. <br/> ¡¡¡¡ <br/>¡¡¡¡(II) Comparison of involved countries <br/>¡¡¡¡During 1995-2008, developing countries initiated the most anti-dumping complaints against China, with India taking the lead (see Table 1). Japan, South Korea, the United States and Taiwan were the top four targets of Chinese mainland's anti-dumping actions, with 100 cases or 78.13% of the total. They are also Chinese mainland's four major sources of imports in recent years. Among those raising anti-dumping accusations against India, the EU and the United States rank first and second, respectively. There are mainly two types of targets of India's anti-dumping accusations: Asian countries and regions with more rapid economic growth (involved in most anti-dumping cases) and developed countries such as EU countries and the United States. <br/>¡¡¡¡One common point between China and India's encounters with anti-dumping accusations is that developing countries are the major initiators because they have similar product structures that are more competitive than complementary. It is not surprising that they take anti-dumping measures against China and India due to their internationally competitive, labor-intensive products. But there is an obvious difference between the two when it comes to the initiation of anti-dumping actions. The number of anti-dumping cases India lodged against a particular country or region was generally higher than that of cases the latter lodged against India, showing that India has an obvious retaliation inclination that helps produce a ¡°deterrent¡± against its trading partners and repress the abuse of anti-dumping measures; China, however, lacks strength in bringing anti-dumping suits against other countries and bears no retaliation inclination, inducing the abuse of other countries bringing anti-dumping measures against it. <br/>¡¡¡¡ <br/>¡¡¡¡(III) Comparison of industries involved <br/>¡¡¡¡Table 2 shows China and India's main industries involved in anti-dumping during 1995-2008. As we see in Table 2, industries involved in anti-dumping cases China filed are centralized in those like chemicals, rubber and plastics and paper products, making up 87.4% of all cases (chemicals account for 56.1%). As for those faced with anti-dumping accusations, plain metal, chemicals and machinery bore the brunt, with 380 cases, 56.1% of the total. It can be seen that theindustries involved in anti-dumping cases filed by and against China are different. India's anti-dumping actions are centralized in industries like plain metal, chemicals and rubber and plastics, which generated 67% of all cases. These are also the three major industries where India is accused of anti-dumping. It can be seen that while lodging anti-dumping complaints, India is also consciously trying to protect enterprises that have encountered anti-dumping accusations. <br/>¡¡¡¡The above data roughly indicate the anti-dumping status quo of China and India. To make a further comparative analysis of the two countries' anti-dumping symmetry, we need to calculate relevant indexes. <br/> ¡¡¡¡ <br/>¡¡¡¡II.Analysis of the symmetry between China and India's initiation and encounter of anti-dumping cases <br/>¡¡¡¡ <br/>¡¡¡¡Any country may be accused of dumping in international trade and each has the full right to file actions against dumping countries. Current anti-dumping research focuses mostly on a single aspect. Rare is an analysis of the symmetry between the intensity of anti-dumping accusations filed by and against a particular country. To create an anti-dumping-related index, domestic scholars (Yang Shihui 2002, Qi Junyan 2006; Yin Qiang 2006) all borrow the Revealed Comparative Advantage index (RCA) that Balassa raised (Balassa, 1965) with the purpose of surveying the relative change in magnitude between anti-dumping cases filed by and against a particular country, excluding the impact of total import and export volume fluctuation. Based on this index, the author introduces two types of indexes in this paper to measure the symmetry between the initiation and encounter of anti-dumping cases. The first measures the symmetry between the initiation and encounter of anti-dumping accusations; the second measures the symmetry between the imposition and encounter of anti-dumping sanctions. <br/>¡¡¡¡ <br/>¡¡¡¡(I) Analysis of the symmetry between the initiation and encounter of anti-dumping accusations <br/>¡¡¡¡To analyze the symmetry between the initiation and encounter of anti-dumping accusations is to research how anti-dumping accusations can hamper a country's export industries and how initiating anti-dumping accusations can affect a country's import industries and other industries concerned. We use two indexes to calculate the symmetry: <br/>¡¡¡¡First is the index of measuring the initiation of anti-dumping accusations (IA): <br/>¡¡¡¡ <br/>¡¡¡¡ <br/>¡¡¡¡ <br/>¡¡¡¡ <br/>¡¡¡¡ <br/>¡¡¡¡ <br/>¡¡¡¡ <br/>¡¡¡¡(1) <br/>¡¡¡¡If IA >1, then the intensity of anti-dumping accusations the country filed is stronger compared with its global import status and the anti-dumping accusations exert much negative impact on imports: It can restrict imports to some extent, thus weakening the shock of imported products to related domestic industries. <br/>¡¡¡¡The other index measures the encounters of anti-dumping accusations (EA):<br/>¡¡¡¡ <br/>¡¡¡¡ <br/>¡¡¡¡ <br/>¡¡¡¡ <br/>¡¡¡¡ <br/>¡¡¡¡ <br/>¡¡¡¡<br/>¡¡¡¡(2) <br/>¡¡¡¡If EA>1, then the intensity of anti-dumping accusations filed against the country is stronger compared with itsglobal export status, and the anti-dumping accusations exert an unfavorable impact on export trade, crippling its export competitiveness to some extent. <br/>¡¡¡¡Based on formulas (1) and (2),we can arrive at the index measuring the symmetry between the initiationand encounters of anti-dumping accusations (AA). <br/>¡¡¡¡AA=IA/EA<br/>¡¡¡¡(3) <br/>¡¡¡¡If AA>1, then the country's status of initiatinganti-dumping accusations is higher than that of encounters ofanti-dumping accusations, or the anti-dumping-related decline inimport volume is sharper than that in export volume, which means apositive impact on economic growth and related industries. If AA ¡¡¡¡ <br/>¡¡¡¡(II) Analysis of the symmetry between imposition and encounters of anti-dumping sanctions <br/>¡¡¡¡Since IA, EA and AAmerely consider the number of anti-dumping cases without taking intoaccount the amount, anti-dumping measures or differences in sanction durations, they cannot effectively reflect eventual anti-dumpingeffects. Sanction-related indexes will better reflect it. <br/>¡¡¡¡Thefirst index measures the imposition of anti-dumping sanctions (IS).<br/>¡¡¡¡(4) <br/>¡¡¡¡If IS>1, then the country's anti-dumpingsanctions exert a substantial negative impact on imported goods, thus effectively protecting domestic industries concerned. <br/>¡¡¡¡Thesecond index measures the encounters of anti-dumping sanctions (ES):<br/>¡¡¡¡(5) <br/>¡¡¡¡If ES>1, then the intensity of anti-dumpingsanctions imposed on the country is stronger than its global exportstatus; the powerful sanctions seriously restrict its export trade and undermine its export competitiveness to the detriment of economicgrowth. <br/>¡¡¡¡Based on formulas (4) and (5), we can arrive at theindex of measuring the symmetry between the imposition and encounterof anti-dumping sanctions (SS): <br/>¡¡¡¡SS=IS/ES <br/>¡¡¡¡(6)<br/>¡¡¡¡If SS>1, it indicates that the country has a betteranti-dumping effect, which on one hand makes up for the damage doneto exports by anti-dumping actions filed against it and on the other undermines the competitiveness of imported goods, effectively protecting related domestic industries. <br/>¡¡¡¡Table 4 shows the symmetry between China and India's imposition and encounter ofanti-dumping sanctions during 1995-2008. As we see in the table, India'sIS is far higher than China's. Particularly since 2005, China's valuehas declined annually while India's has increased, indicating thatIndia is strengthening its imposition of anti-dumping sanctions. Comparing Table 3 with Table 4, we can also find that China's annualaverage ES is 4.66, far higher than its EA, indicating that anti-dumpinghas more of an impact on China's exports. India's ES is lower than itsEA, showing that anti-dumping has limited the impact on its exports.In terms of initiating anti-dumping actions, China has poor performancewith an average IS of 0.94, even lower than its IA. This shows thateven if China implements anti-dumping measures, it does not producedesirable effects and fails to impose sufficient ¡°deterrents¡± on itstrading partners. India is the opposite: Its average IS is 17, morethan 18 times that of China. Thus it is clear that in both initiatinganti-dumping accusations and imposing sanctions, India has achievedbetter effects and effectively protected its related domestic industries. <br/>¡¡¡¡ <br/>¡¡¡¡III.Analysis of the gap in anti-dumpingsymmetry between China and India <br/>¡¡¡¡ <br/>¡¡¡¡Through analysisof the above indexes, we find there are obvious gaps in anti-dumpingsymmetry between China and India. To account for the gap, we need toanalyze the reasons for India's success in lodging anti-dumping casesand the causes of China's frequent encounters of anti-dumping casesand its ineffective initiation of anti-dumping cases. <br/> ¡¡¡¡ <br/>¡¡¡¡(I) India's success in filing anti-dumping actions<br/>¡¡¡¡To begin with, India has established relatively perfectanti-dumping laws and regulations. As a large developing country, Indiahas sound anti-dumping rules, regulations and processes that aregenerally in line with WTO standards. It issued and implemented itsfirst special anti-dumping law in 1985 and later revised and enhancedits anti-dumping policies in 1995, 2001, 2002 and 2003 based on theAnti-Dumping Agreement of GATT and WTO, thereby establishinganti-dumping policy systems with the Customs Tariff Law and CustomsTariff Act at the core. <br/>¡¡¡¡Second, the Indian government lendsgreat support. India practices a prudent and conservative import policyto protect domestic industries. The Indian government exercises chronic supervision over imported goods and tries to extend coverage on thecondition that it does not blatantly violate WTO rules. It promisedto cancel quantitative import restrictions of all goods from April 1,2001, but meanwhile stated that this did not mean the Indian marketwould be fully open and that it would still take appropriate measuresto prevent foreign goods from flooding the Indian market. As early asin 1998, the Indian government exclusively established its Anti-dumping Investigation Bureau to handle anti-dumping complaints raised by enterprises and carry out investigations. Some years after Indiacancelled quantitative import restrictions, it witnessed the frequentinitiation of anti-dumping measures. <br/>¡¡¡¡Finally, India emphasizes the efficiency of handling anti-dumping cases filed againstdumping nations. While actively using anti-dumping measures, Indiaunderlines the timeliness of handling cases lodged by its domestic enterprises and effectively carries out anti-dumping investigationsto minimize the damage done to domestic industries concerned. In recentyears, the number of India-initiated anti-dumping investigations has continued to increase, and the pace for the imposition of anti-dumping sanctions has continuously accelerated. Since 2001, India needs only 150 days, on average, to judge an anti-dumping case filed against other countries (see Chart 2). In recent years, the time consumed in the crucial link is even shorter. Normally, the case can be officially initiated seven days after application, and initial judgment can be given 60-70 days thereafter. Afterward, temporary anti-dumping duties will be imposed and the final decision will be given 261 days, at latest, after the official initiation of the case. The increase in the timeliness and efficiency of handling cases can deter severe damage that delays in initial judgment can cause to domestic enterprises concerned and hence non-halted import of the investigated goods, thus improving its anti-dumping efficiency. <br/>¡¡¡¡ <br/>¡¡¡¡ <br/>¡¡¡¡(II) Causes of China's frequent encounters of anti-dumping accusations and ineffective initiation of anti-dumping measures <br/>¡¡¡¡China tends to become an anti-dumping target due to the large proportion of labor-intensive products in its export structure. China's exported goods are mainly manufactured in labor-intensive and low value-added industries like textiles, light industry and electric machinery, industries that have comparative advantage compared with developed countries' industrial structures; the advantage is not prominent, however, for developing countries. In order to seize the market in developing countries, some enterprises adopt low-price competition strategies. In response, target countries resort to the frequent initiation of anti-dumping actions to protect their domestic products. China's ¡°good and cheap¡± products are undoubtedly a threat to both developed and developing countries' related industries. This is why the aforementioned industries are apt to encounter anti-dumping accusations. <br/> ¡¡¡¡China also lacks perfect anti-dumping laws and regulations, anti-dumping related professionals and efficiency in the handling of anti-dumping cases. Though we are enhancing anti-dumping laws, there are several deficiencies both at the entity and operation process level. Anti-dumping laws are over-generalized and difficult to operate, causing inconvenience to departments' handling of anti-dumping cases and affecting case-handling transparency. Compared with other developed countries and regions, China's duration of 60 days for case initiation is too long, and the duration is still longer during the actual operation (see Chart 2). China lacks anti-dumping-related professionals, especially lawyers familiar with anti-dumping laws, provisions and operational processes. There is a huge gap between the numbers of anti-dumping practitioners in China and other countries. In China, the Department of Commerce is the only institution permanently staffed withanti-dumping professionals, yet the staff size is less than 1/10 of the U.S.'s Without sufficient HR support, related departments cannot handle anti-dumping cases timely and efficiently. <br/>¡¡¡¡Enterprises do not initiatively respond to anti-dumping accusations for several reasons, and they lack the awareness to file anti-dumping actions. Many enterprises choose not to respond to anti-dumping suits and acquiesce to failure. There are several reasons for this passive attitude: They cannot afford the expensive attorney's fees, they do not understand anti-dumping-related laws and operational mechanisms, they do not value the market under anti-dumping investigation, or they simply ¡°hitchhike¡± and rely on their peers' actions to preserve the export market. The consequence of refusing to respond or responding to anti-dumping accusation ineffectively is manifested in two aspects: A great proportion of anti-dumping cases are decided against China; and importing countries' enterprises are encouraged to initiate more anti-dumping accusations against China. Most Chinese enterprises don't go through the trouble of initiating accusations against dumping nations, though some are a bit more advanced. Chinese enterprises lack an understanding of WTO rules and anti-dumping-related laws and regulations as well as expertise and professionals. For these reasons, China is on the defensive with its hands tied. <br/>¡¡¡¡Finally, China's industrial associations cannot play an active role in anti-dumping investigations. At present, China does not have sound chambers of commerce or industrial associations. The rights and obligations of those that do exist are not defined in relevant laws and rules, and they therefore enjoy a low status in the national economy and cannot play their due role in bringing suits on behalf of enterprises injured by dumping nations or in carrying out investigations and assessing losses. In addition, compared with foreign countries, China's industrial associations have a rougher division of labor, and therefore they cannot produce detailed information and accurate data while bringing suits against dumping from the outside, putting domestic enterprises in an unfavorable situation. <br/> ¡¡¡¡ <br/>¡¡¡¡IV. Policy suggestions to reduce the intensity of anti-dumping accusations filed against China and intensify the strength of its anti-dumping actions <br/>¡¡¡¡ <br/>¡¡¡¡Since both China and India are developing trading powers, China should proactively learn from India's positive attitude in initiating anti-dumping accusations. If China does not timely reverse the current asymmetry between the initiation and encounters of anti-dumping cases, both its trade and economy will suffer. With the continual improvement in China's trade status and the increasing openness of the domestic market, discriminating anti-dumping suits filed against China and dumping from overseas will be more and more frequent. Therefore, we should make efforts in severalaspects to reduce the intensity of anti-dumping accusations and intensify the strength of our anti-dumping actions. <br/>¡¡¡¡First, we should optimize the trade structure, strengthen macro-control of exports and intensify rectification of export trade order to prevent low-price dumping. Given the fact that our goods are priced low and exports keep rapidly increasing ? the root inducing overseas anti-dumping investigations ? we should focus on the price and control the amount of exported goods, encourage enterprises to develop new overseas markets and promote the quality-based competition strategy to improve the quality and added value of our goods. <br/>¡¡¡¡Second, we should keep enhancing anti-dumping-related laws and investigation processes and staff relevant departments with more professionals to improve the efficiency in dealing with anti-dumping accusations. Following other countries' practice, we should continue to enhance relevant laws and regulations in accordance with WTO rules so they can play a due role in protecting domestic industries and markets and maintaining fair international trade. While conducting anti-dumping investigations, we should not only take into account domestic industries injured the most but also the whole industrial chain to weigh the benefits between downstream users and consumers. In addition, we should enhance regulations concerning the duration of anti-dumping investigations. To avoid delays in the implementation of anti-dumping measures, the duration from initiation to final decision of anti-dumping cases should be shorter, and that for the initiation, in particular, should be completed within a short period so as not to wear down enterprises' initiative during extended waits. <br/>¡¡¡¡Third, we should establish an industrial safety warning mechanism and accelerate the cultivation of anti-dumping intermediary institutions. We should strengthen the coalition of industrial associations and chambers of commerce to bring their coordination role into full play. We should respond to anti-dumping accusations with enterprises and industrial associations as the main body, and mobilize social forces including industrial associations, accounting firms, law firms and other agents as enterprises' supporting strength. All industrial associations should set up guiding institutions, timely collect dynamic information, guide enterprises to understand anti-dumping investigation-related regulations and organize enterprises initiating anti-dumping investigations to operate strategically. Industrial associations should coordinate export prices to prevent vicious competition and dumping. <br/> ¡¡¡¡Finally, enterprises should strengthen their understanding and knowledge of anti-dumping. On the one hand, they should proactively respond to anti-dumping suits, optimize the export goods structure and improve technical added value. On the other hand, they should increase their awareness of filinganti-dumping actions to be able to take up the weapons of laws and regulations in defense of their business interests. In this way, wewill impose a great ¡°deterrent¡± on countries frequently initiatinganti-dumping investigations against our export enterprises, thusreducing the number of anti-dumping accusations filed against us.<br/>¡¡¡¡ <br/>¡¡¡¡References: <br/>¡¡¡¡ <br/>¡¡¡¡[1] ÑîÊË»Ô.ÑÇÖÞ·´ÇãÏúÓë±»·´ÇãÏúʵ֤·ÖÎö. µ±´úÑÇÌ«, 2002ÄêµÚ11ÆÚ. <br/>¡¡¡¡[2]ÑîÊË»Ô. ÃÀ¹ú¶Ô»ª·´ÇãÏú±È½ÏÑо¿. ͳ¼ÆÑо¿, 2002ÄêµÚ9ÆÚ. <br/>¡¡¡¡[3]Æë¿¡åû. ÖйúÔâÓö·´ÇãÏúºÍ¶ÔÍâ·´ÇãÏúµÄÖ¸Êý±È½Ï·ÖÎö. ²ÆóÑо¿,2006ÄêµÚ1ÆÚ. <br/>¡¡¡¡[4] ÒüÇ¿.Öйú³ö¿ÚÉÌÆ··´ÇãÏúÐÎÊƵÄʵ֤·ÖÎö¨D»ùÓÚÖйú³ö¿Ú·´ÇãÏú°¸¼þÊýÄ¿ºÍͬÆÚ³ö¿Ú½ð¶îµÄ·ÖÎö. ÖØÇ칤ÉÌ´óѧѧ±¨, 2006ÄêµÚ23¾íµÚ6ÆÚ. <br/>¡¡¡¡[5]Éò¹ú±ø. ÃÀ¹ú¶ÔÖйú·´ÇãÏúµÄºê¹Û¾ö¶¨ÒòËؼ°Ó°ÏìЧӦ. ÊÀ½ç¾-¼Ã,2007ÄêµÚ11ÆÚ. <br/>¡¡¡¡[6] ËÎÀû·¼. Ó¡¶È·´ÇãÏúÕþ²ß¼°ÆäÌصã·ÖÎö.¹ú¼Ê¾-¼Ã·¨, 2007ÄêµÚ1ÆÚ. <br/>¡¡¡¡ <br/>¡¡¡¡Note: <br/>¡¡¡¡<br/>¡¡¡¡* This paper is funded by the state social science projectof Research on the Relationship Between China¡¯s Financial Developmentand Trade Structure Optimization (No.07CGJ00) <br/> </p></div>。