Verb_Tenses

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英语小作文语法错误例子

英语小作文语法错误例子

英语小作文语法错误例子英文回答:Grammar Mistake Examples.1. Subject-verb agreement errors:"The book is on the table." (singular subject with plural verb)。

"The students are going home." (plural subject with singular verb)。

2. Verb tense errors:"I saw the movie yesterday." (past tense should be present perfect)。

"I will be going to the store later." (future tense should be present continuous)。

3. Pronoun errors:"I gave the book to she." (incorrect pronoun case)。

"The dog and cat are playing with each other." (incorrect pronoun reference)。

4. Adjective and adverb errors:"The car is very fast." (incorrect use of adverb)。

"The book is more interesting than the movie." (incorrect use of comparative adjective)。

5. Preposition errors:"I went to the store at the street." (incorrect preposition)。

一般过去时

一般过去时

Verb Tenses动词时态Present Tense Verbs 一般过去时动词Examples: Mario plays soccer everyday after school.Ms.Wu teaches us that daily exercise, like playing soccer, is good for you.Jon enjoys playing baseball with his friends.The table below lists some present tense verbs.Some Present Tense Verbsenjoys helps plays Knowssays looks gets Findsfixes teaches finishes guesses studiesam, is ,areLet’s try it!From the list below, choose verbs in the present tense to complete each sentence. Write your sentence on the line provided.从下列单词中选择适当的词填入横线(不用改变形式),并写下完整的句子。

think like says plays catches kicks cheers喝彩鼓舞is are amExamples:Jon plays outside with his friends.1.Maria _____ the soccer ball with his friends.2.Maria ______ the ball.3.“I ______ to play soccer,” says Maria.4.My mother ______ playing soccer is good exercise.5.I ______ exercise is healthy.6.I _____ at home.7.We ___ in the classroom.8.My mother ______ not happy.Past Tense Verbs 过去时动词Examples: Last summer, I played baseball.Lat year, I walked to school everyday.I enjoyed myself during the class.The following table lists some past tense verbs.Some Past Tense Verbslooked jumped played Washed liked lived scored Smiled stopped skipped(跳) hopped(跳)studied worriedam,is----- was are----wereLet’s try it.Underline the past tense verbs in each of the sentences.Examples:Andy and I played football yesterday.1.I walked home last night.2.I jumped into the river to help the girl.3.Mama smiled at my little sister.4.We looked out of the window and saw a bird.st night, after I finished dinner, I read a novel and then put it in my schoolbag.6.I was in the office yesterday.7.We were pupils in 2010.8.Lisa was a teacher last year. Now she is a manager.Think about it:For each sentence below, underline the correct verb to complete the sentence. 为下列每个句子选择正确的动词形式。

初中英语语法基础知识大全100题

初中英语语法基础知识大全100题

初中英语语法基础知识大全100题Grammar is the foundation of language, and a strong grasp of grammar principles is essential for effective communication in English. For middle school students, establishing a solid understanding of English grammar basics is crucial as they continue to develop their language skills. This essay will explore 100 essential grammar fundamentals that every middle school student should master.1. Parts of Speech: Nouns, Verbs, Adjectives, Adverbs, Pronouns, Prepositions, Conjunctions, and Interjections.2. Singular and Plural Nouns: Regular and irregular plural forms.3. Possessive Nouns: Forming possessive case with apostrophes.4. Proper Nouns and Common Nouns: Capitalization rules.5. Subject-Verb Agreement: Ensuring verbs agree with their subjects in number and person.6. Verb Tenses: Present, past, future, and their progressive and perfect forms.7. Irregular Verbs: Common verbs with unique past tense and past participle forms.8. Active Voice and Passive Voice: Recognizing and using both constructions.9. Transitive and Intransitive Verbs: Verbs that require objects and those that do not.10. Linking Verbs: Verbs that connect the subject to a subject complement.11. Auxiliary Verbs (Helping Verbs): Verbs that assist the main verb, such as "be," "have," and "do."12. Modal Auxiliaries: Verbs that express possibility, obligation, permission, and other modalities.13. Gerunds and Infinitives: Verbal forms that function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs.14. Adjective Types: Descriptive, possessive, demonstrative, interrogative, and articles.15. Degrees of Comparison: Positive, comparative, and superlative forms of adjectives.16. Adverb Types: Manner, time, place, frequency, degree, and sentence adverbs.17. Comparative and Superlative Adverbs: Forming adverb comparisons.18. Personal Pronouns: Subject, object, possessive, and reflexive forms.19. Indefinite Pronouns: Words like "someone," "anyone," "nothing," and "all."20. Relative Pronouns: "Who," "whom," "whose," "which," and "that."21. Interrogative Pronouns: "Who," "what," "where," "when," "why," and "how."22. Preposition Types: Prepositions of time, place, direction, and relationship.23. Prepositional Phrases: Identifying and using prepositional phrases correctly.24. Coordinating Conjunctions: "And," "but," "or," "nor," "for," "so," and "yet."25. Subordinating Conjunctions: "Because," "since," "when," "while," "if," and "unless."26. Correlative Conjunctions: Paired conjunctions like "both...and," "either...or," and "neither...nor."27. Interjections: Expressing emotion or emphasis, such as "Ouch!" and "Wow!"28. Sentence Types: Declarative, interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory sentences.29. Simple Sentences: One independent clause with a subject and a verb.30. Compound Sentences: Two or more independent clauses joined by a coordinator.31. Complex Sentences: An independent clause and one or more dependent clauses.32. Compound-Complex Sentences: Combining compound and complex sentence structures.33. Phrases: Noun phrases, verb phrases, adjective phrases, andadverb phrases.34. Clauses: Independent clauses and dependent clauses.35. Dangling and Misplaced Modifiers: Recognizing and correcting these common errors.36. Parallel Structure: Maintaining consistency in the grammatical form of related elements.37. Sentence Fragments: Identifying and correcting incomplete sentences.38. Run-On Sentences: Recognizing and fixing two or more independent clauses joined incorrectly.39. Subject-Verb Inversion: Inverting the subject and verb in certain sentence structures.40. Negation: Forming negative statements using "not," "no," and other negating words.41. Contractions: Combining words to form shortened forms, such as "can't" and "won't."42. Capitalization Rules: When to capitalize proper nouns, titles, and the beginning of sentences.43. Punctuation: Using periods, commas, semicolons, colons, apostrophes, and quotation marks correctly.44. Appositives: Noun phrases that rename or describe another noun.45. Participial Phrases: Verb phrases that function as adjectives or adverbs.46. Gerund Phrases: Noun phrases beginning with a gerund.47. Infinitive Phrases: Verb phrases beginning with an infinitive.48. Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Clauses: Defining and nondefining relative clauses.49. Conditional Sentences: "If-then" statements expressing hypothetical situations.50. Passive Voice Transformation: Changing active voice sentences to passive voice.51. Direct and Indirect Speech: Reporting statements, questions, and commands.52. Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement: Ensuring pronouns agree with their antecedents.53. Pronoun Case: Subjective, objective, and possessive pronoun forms.54. Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns: Using "self" and "selves" pronouns correctly.55. Demonstrative Pronouns: "This," "that," "these," and "those."56. Indefinite Pronouns: "Everyone," "someone," "anything," and "nothing."57. Relative Pronouns: "Who," "whom," "whose," "which," and "that."58. Interrogative Pronouns: "Who," "what," "which," "whose," and "whom."59. Preposition Placement: Appropriate positioning of prepositions in sentences.60. Conjunction Usage: Selecting the right coordinating or subordinating conjunction.61. Adverb Placement: Properly positioning adverbs within asentence.62. Adjective Order: Following the correct order when using multiple adjectives.63. Verb Tense Consistency: Maintaining consistent verb tense throughout a passage.64. Subjunctive Mood: Using "were" instead of "was" in certain hypothetical statements.65. Gerund vs. Infinitive: Choosing between gerund and infinitive verb forms.66. Active vs. Passive Voice: Determining the appropriate voice for a given sentence.67. Subject-Verb Agreement with Collective Nouns: Singular or plural verb form.68. Compound Subject Agreement: Ensuring correct verb agreement with compound subjects.69. Dangling Modifiers: Correcting sentence structures with unclear modifications.70. Misplaced Modifiers: Placing modifiers in the appropriate position in a sentence.71. Parallel Structure in Lists: Maintaining grammatical consistency ina series of items.72. Comma Usage: Properly using commas in a variety of sentence structures.73. Semicolon Usage: Correctly applying semicolons to join independent clauses.74. Colon Usage: Appropriately using colons to introduce lists or explanations.75. Apostrophe Usage: Proper placement of apostrophes in possessive forms and contractions.76. Quotation Mark Usage: Correctly incorporating quotations and dialogue.77. Capitalization Rules: Applying capitalization guidelines for proper nouns, titles, and more.78. Abbreviation and Acronym Usage: Correctly using abbreviated forms and acronyms.79. Numbers and Numerals: Deciding when to spell out numbers versus using numerals.80. Commonly Confused Words: Distinguishing between homophones and similar-sounding words.81. Idioms and Idiomatic Expressions: Understanding and using common English idioms.82. Preposition Combinations: Mastering the appropriate prepositions to use in various contexts.83. Relative Clause Placement: Ensuring relative clauses are positioned correctly.84. Noun Clause Structure: Constructing noun clauses as subjects, objects, and complements.85. Adverb Clause Structure: Forming adverb clauses to provide additional information.86. Adjective Clause Structure: Creating adjective clauses to modifynouns and pronouns.87. Conditional Clause Structure: Constructing "if-then" statements and other conditional sentences.88. Passive Voice Transformation: Converting active voice sentences to passive voice.89. Direct and Indirect Speech: Accurately reporting statements, questions, and commands.90. Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement: Ensuring pronouns agree with their antecedents in number and gender.91. Pronoun Case: Properly using subjective, objective, and possessive pronoun forms.92. Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns: Identifying and applying the correct "self" pronouns.93. Demonstrative Pronouns: Appropriately using "this," "that," "these," and "those."94. Indefinite Pronouns: Recognizing and using universal, existential, and negative pronouns.95. Relative Pronouns: Selecting the right relative pronoun ("who," "whom," "whose," "which," "that").96. Interrogative Pronouns: Employing "who," "what," "which," "whose," and "whom" correctly.97. Preposition Placement: Ensuring prepositions are positioned properly in sentences.98. Conjunction Usage: Choosing the appropriate coordinating or subordinating conjunction.99. Adverb Placement: Determining the correct placement of adverbs within a sentence.100. Adjective Order: Arranging multiple adjectives in the proper sequence.Mastering these 100 essential grammar fundamentals will provide middle school students with a strong foundation in English language skills. By understanding the rules and conventions governing parts of speech, sentence structures, punctuation, and more, students can improve their written and oral communication, as well as their reading comprehension. Continuous practice and reinforcement of these grammar principles will equip middle school students for success in their academic and professional pursuits.。

Verb Tenses

Verb Tenses

Sometimes in writing, it is necessary to shift verb tenses. It is important to understand how to do this so you do not confuse your reader. Keeping a few simple things in mind, you will be able to communicate accurately a timeline of events to your reader…
You will often use progressive and conditional verb tenses in writing. o The progressive tense is used to discuss an action that is, has, or will be in the process of occurring. • These can found in past, present, or future tense. o Conditional tenses are used to describe an action that depends on another action taking place. • The word “would” is used to form this phrase. • You will often find “if” clauses in these sentences. • Conditional tenses are not used to make predictions or state facts.
o The simple form of a verb demonstrates an action that has a specific time duration. • The action has occurred, is going on now, or will happen in the future. o The perfect form of a verb is used to show variations in time. • These variations include ongoing events, a sequence of events, or events that have a continued effect on a situation. • Perfect tenses include the past, present, or future form of “have” plus the past tense form of the verb.

简明英语语法典型案例材料范文

简明英语语法典型案例材料范文

简明英语语法典型案例材料范文English Answer:1. The Subject-Verb Agreement.The subject of a sentence must agree in number with the verb. This means that if the subject is singular, the verb must be singular; if the subject is plural, the verb must be plural.Examples:The boy runs. (Singular subject, singular verb)。

The boys run. (Plural subject, plural verb)。

2. The Verb Tense.The verb tense indicates the time of the action or event. There are three main verb tenses: past, present, andfuture.Examples:I ran to the store. (Past tense)。

I run to the store every day. (Present tense)。

I will run to the store tomorrow. (Future tense)。

3. The Object of a Sentence.The object of a sentence is the person or thing that receives the action of the verb. The object can be either direct or indirect.Examples:I gave the book to my sister. (Direct object)。

动词时态和语态

动词时态和语态

VERB TENSE&VOICE解题思路:确定是动词时态、语态考点→定“语态”【被动/ 主动】→定“时”【现在/ 过去/ 将来/ 过去将来】(倒装//虚拟) →定“体”【一般体/ 进行体/ 完成体/ 完成进行】TENSEVOICE一.某些不及物动词【happen;take place; break out etc】及始向动词【open; close;begin;end;shut;run;move】只能用主动形式.◆The shop closes at 6 p.m every day.二.系动词【taste; feel; sound; look; remain; stay etc】用主动形式表被动意义三.有些动词表示主语内在性能、属性特征(well comfortable);如:clean; lock;cook;keep; sell; wash; write;read;wear等常用主动形式表示被动意义◆This kind of cloth washes well and lasts long四.在be + 性质adj + 不定式中,不定式中动词与主语之间构成逻辑上动宾关系,不定式常用主动形式表示被动意义此结构中常用的形容词有:easy;comfortable; dangerous; difficult; hard;heavy; impossible ◆The question he asked is hard to answer.五.在be + too +adj/adv + 不定式be + too +adj/adv + enough +不定式不定式常用主动形式表示被动意义◆It is too expensive even to consider it.◆The story was not interesting enough to publish.六.疑问词+ 不定式,不定式中动词与疑问词之间存在动宾关系,可用不定式的主动形式表被动意义◆What do you think can tell us what to do?七.动词need want require deserve(值得)+ ving 【主语是物】用主动形式表被动意义◆The house needs painting.八.在be + worth + ving 结构中,用主动形式表被动意义be worthy of being done // be worthy to be done◆There isn`t anything on TV worth staying up for.九.少数含有持续状态的动词,如:print publish cook hang(悬挂) 等习惯用进行时或表被动意义◆He teachers` reference books are printing.十.在there be之后,可以用主动的不定式形式表被动意义◆There are six letters to write.十一.be + to blame (for)【该受责备、该负责任】的结构,常用来表被动be + to let【待出租】◆This house is to let.◆Nobody was to blame for the accident.动词若干基本概念一、动词的分类:实义动词系动词→用做谓语,连接主语、表语情态动词→无人称和数的变化,后加不带to的不定式;对动作和状态的各种情感态度和看法助动词→用于时态、语态等或构成疑问式和否定式二、系表结构(系动词)(1) 感官动词→look sound smell taste feel appear seem(2) 状态(改变/保持)→become get grow fall turn prove go remain stay【注意】①系动词无被动语态,无进行时态②表语为形容词、名词三、及物动词→可加宾语(不能丢),可用于被动语态不及物动词→加介词再加宾语(可以不接宾语)四、持续性动词→live work study learn sleep等,只能与表一段时间的状语连用瞬间性动词→go come arrive leave begin start open close瞬间性动词肯定式,不能与表一段时间的状语连用(for since how long等);与till /until时间状语连用,只能用否定形式否定式可以表示”动作一直没有发生”延续的状态瞬间动词与延续动词对应关系:买:buy→have 来(sp):come→be in +sp 加入:join→be in +团体借: borrow→keep 去(sp):go→be in + sp 或a member of+团体离开:leave→be away 成为:become→be 死:die→be deadN M E T1. This is the first time we _____ a film in the cinema together as a family.A. seeB. had seenC. sawD. have seen2. The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _____toeat more fruit and vegetables.A. persuadeB. will persuadeC. will be persuadedD. are persuaded3. The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics______by 2006.(04北京)A. has been completed B .has completedC. will have been completedD. will have completed4. It is said in the book that Thomas Edison __the world leading inventor for sixty years.A. would beB. has beenC. had beenD. was5. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s,when people ____toenjoy the advantages of this new technology.A. beginB. beganC. have begunD. had begun6. I failed in the final examination last term and only then __the importance of studies.A.I realizedB.I had realizedC. had I realizedD. did I realize7. All the employees except the manager ____to work online at home.A. encouragesB. encourageC. is encouragedD. are encouraged8. The coffee is wonderful! It doesn`t taste like anything I _____ before.A. was havingB. haveC. have ever hadD. had ever had9. He___ more than 5000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15.A. has learnedB. would have learnedC. learnedD. had learned10. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt ___for London to attend a meeting.A. will leaveB. leavesC. will have leftD. left11. —Do you want a lift home?—It is very kind of you, but I have to go work late in the office. I overslept this morning because my alarm clock _____.A. doesn`t go offB. won`t go offC. wasn`t going offD. didn`t go off12. Professor Smith, along with his assistants, __on the project day and night to meet the deadline.A. workB. workingC. is workingD. are working13. —What is the price of petrol these days?—Oh, it ___ sharply since last month.A. is raisedB. has risenC. has arisenD. is increased14. Years ago we didn`t know this, but recent science __ that people who do not sleepwell soon get ill.A. showedB. will showC. has shownD. is showing15. — If the traffic had not been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 o`clock.—What a pity! Tina __ here to see you.A. isB. wasC. would beD. has been16. —Why don`t we choose that road to save time? —The bridge to it _____.A. has repairedB. is repairedC. is being repairedD. will be repaired17. —I have got to go now. —Must you? I ___ you could stay for dinner with us.A. thinkB. thoughtC. have thoughtD. am thinking18. —What do you think of the movie?—It`s fantastic. The only pity is that I _______ the beginning of it.A. missedB. had missedC. missD. would miss19. Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane _____.A. takes offB. is taking offC. has taken offD. took off20. In a room above the store, where a party __ , some workers were busily setting the table.A. was to be heldB. has been heldC. will be heldD. is being held21. During the period of recent terrorist activities, people___ not to touch anyunattended bag.A. had always been warnedB. were always being warnedC. are always warningD. always warned22. It is often _____ that human being are naturally equipped to speak.A. saidB. to sayC. sayingD. being said23. The house belongs to my aunt but she __ here any more.A. hasn`t livedB. didn`t liveC. hadn`t livedD. doesn`t live24. Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 __ off at 18:20.A. takesB. tookC. will be takenD. has taken25. Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to___ since the flood hitthe area last Friday.A. have been missingB. have got lostC. be missingD. get lost26. Daniel`s family ______ their holiday in Huang-shan this time next week.A. are enjoyingB. are to enjoyC. will enjoyD. will be enjoying27. Although the causes of cancer__ , we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it.A. are being uncoveredB. have been uncoveringC. are uncoveringD. have uncovered28. My cousin went to Canada two years ago. He___ there for a few months and thenwent to America.A. workedB. would workC. would be workingD. has been working29. Excuse me, Marcia, a reporter from Vanity Fair _ all day. Could you speak to her now?A. phonesB. has phonedC. has been phoningD. phoned30.I__ in London for many years, but I have never regretted my final decision tomove back to China.A. livedB. was livingC. have livedD. had lived31. Over the past decades, sea ice _____ in the Arctic as a result of global warming.A. had decreasedB. decreasedC. has been decreasingD. is decreasing32. —Why does the lake smell terrible? —Because the quantities of water_____.A. have pollutedB. is being pollutedC. has been pollutedD. have been polluted33.—I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend. —____ good.A. SoundB. SoundedC. SoundingD. Sounds34. Progress _ so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time.A. wasB. had beenC. has beenD. will be35. Edward, you play so well. But I ____ you played the piano .A. didn`t knowB. hadn`t knownC. don`t knowD. haven`t known36. The population of Jiangsu _____ to more than twice what it was in 1949. Thefigure is now approaching 74 million.A. has grownB. have grownC. grewD. are growing37. The way the guests ______ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service.A. treatedB. were treatedC. would treatD. would be treated38. Teenagers ____their health because they play computer games too much.A. have damagedB. are damagingC. damagedD. will damage39.—Where did you put the car keys?—Oh, I ___ I put them on the chair because the phone rang as I ____ in.A. remembered; comeB. remembered; was comingC. remember; comeD. remember; was coming40. I got caught in the rain and my suit __.A. has ruinedB. had ruinedC. has been ruinedD. had been ruined41. — It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home.— Oh, don`t mention it. I__ past your house anyway.A. was comingB. will comeC. had comeD. have come42. — Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad.— Oh, nothing much. In fact, I __ of my friends back home.A. have just thoughtB. was just thinkingC. would just thinkD. will just be thinking43. — Tom, you didn`t come to the party last night?— I__, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.A. had toB. didn`tC. was going toD. wouldn`t44. —I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening.—Impossible. She _____TV with me in my home then.A. watchedB. had watchedC. would watchD. was watching45. A survey of the opinions ____ that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _____good for one`s health.A. show; areB. shows; isC. show; isD. shows; are46. — I have got a headache.—No wonder. You __ in front of that computer too long.A. workB. are workingC. have been workingD. worked47. — Ouch! You hurt me!—I am sorry. But I __ any harm. I __ to drive a rat out.A. didn`t mean tiredB. don`t mean am tryingC. haven`t meant triedD. didn`t mean was trying48. The moment I got home, I found I __my jacket on the playground.A. had leftB. leftC. have leftD. was leaving49. —Do you think that we should accept that offer?—Yes, we should, for we___ such bad luck until now, and time ___out.A. have had; is runningB. had; is runningC. have; has been runD. have had; had been run50. I do not believe you have already read the bookI__ it to you this morning!A. would lendB. was lendingC. had lentD. lent51. —Have you got any job offers? —No. I __.A. waitedB. had been waitingC. had waitedD. am waiting52. If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic .But it __all day.A. rainedB. rainsC. has rainedD. is raining53. I __ there little more than a week when I set to work with the scientist.A. would beB. have beenC. had beenD. will be54. As the years passed, many occasions—birthday, awards, graduations--__ withDad`s flowers.A. are markedB. were markedC. have markedD.had marked55. The flowers were so lovely that they __ in no time.A. soldB. had been soldC. were soldD. would sell56. When you get the paper back, pay special attention to what___.A. have markedB. have been markedC. had markedD. had been marked57. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons ____for the day.A. finishingB. finishedC. had finishedD. were finished58.—Do you have any idea what Paul does all day?—As I know, he spends at least as much time playing as he____.A. writesB. does writingC. is writingD. does write59.—When I called you this morning, nobody answered the phone. Where___?A. did you goB. have you goneC. were youD. had you been60. They__two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they`d never have been able to afford to go.A. had gotB. gotC. have gotD. get61.The wet weather will continue tomorrow, when a cold front _____to arrive.A. is expectedB. is expectingC. expectsD. will be expected62.Bob would have helped us yesterday ,but he______.A. was busyB.is busyC. had been busyD. will be busy 63.—Were you surprised by the ending of the film?—NO, I ____ the book, so I already knew the storyA. was readingB. had readC.am readingD. have read64. —we`ve spent too much money recently.—well, it isn`t surprising. Our friends and relatives __around all the time.A. are comingB. had comeC. were comingD. have been coming65. — I`ve not finished with my dinner yet. — But our friends _______ for us.A.will waitB.waitC.have waitedD.are waiting66. It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they ___ for me.A. had doneB. didC. would doD. were doing67.—Guess what? we`ve got our visas for a short—term visit to the UK this summer.—How nice! You_____a different culture then.A.will be experiencingB.have experiencedC.have been expriencingD.will have experienced68. I am tired out .I _ all afternoon and I don`t seem to have finished anything.A shoppedB have shoppedC had shoppedD have been shopping69. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I`d rather he___more on its culture.A .focus B.focused C.would focus D.had focused70. —Is everyone here? —Not yet…Look, there___ the rest of our guests!A. comeB. comesC. is comingD. are coming71.Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she____ since her marriage to Father.A.shouldersB.shoulderedC.is shoulderingD.has been houldering72.I ___ all the cooking for my family, but recently I`ve been too busy to do it.A.will do B.do C.am doing D.had done73.The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune___.A.is madeB.would makeC.was to be madeD.had made74. Up to now, the program ____ thousands of children who would otherwisehave died.A. would saveB. savesC. had savedD. has saved75. Every few years, the coal workers____ their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.A. are havingB. haveC. have hadD. had had76. We _______ on this project for four hours. Let`s have a rest.A.are workingB.have been workingC.workedD.had worked77. For many years, people ___ electric cars. However , making them has been moredifficult than predicted.A.had dreamed ofB.have dreamed ofC.dreamed ofD.dream of 78.—When shall we restart our business?—Not until we______ our plan.A.will finishB. are finishingC. are to finishD. have finished79.Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting ____ at the cultureshow of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo.A. are exhibitingB.is exhibitingC. are being exhibitedD.is being exhibited80. If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring , you__ fresh watermelon in the fall.A.eatB.would eatC.have eatenD.will be eating81.The palace caught fire three times in the last century , and little of theoriginal building _______now .A. remainsB.is remainedC.is remainingD. has been remained。

b站英语兔谓语动词笔记

b站英语兔谓语动词笔记

b站英语兔谓语动词笔记English Answer:Part 1: Understanding Verb Tenses.In the vast tapestry of the English language, verbs serve as the vibrant threads that weave together the fabric of sentences. They unveil the dynamic nature of time by expressing the state, action, or occurrence of a subject. However, navigating the intricacies of verb tenses can be a daunting task for learners. This comprehensive guide aims to untangle the complexities of English verb tenses, guiding you through their forms, usage, and nuances.Part 2: The Three Main Verb Tenses.The English language recognizes three primary verb tenses: present, past, and future. Each tense serves a distinct purpose in expressing the relationship between time and action.Present Tense.The present tense depicts actions or states that are occurring at the present moment or that exist habitually.It is typically used in the following instances:Actions happening right now: "The teacher is explaining the lesson."Habitual actions: "I usually wake up at 7 am."General truths: "The Earth revolves around the Sun."Past Tense.The past tense conveys actions or states that occurred in the past. It is commonly employed in the following situations:Completed actions: "I studied for the exam yesterday."Past habitual actions: "We used to go to the movies every week."Stories and historical events: "The Titanic sank in 1912."Future Tense.The future tense expresses actions or states that have yet to take place. It is frequently utilized in the following contexts:Actions that will happen in the future: "I will travel to Japan next year."Predictions: "It is going to rain tomorrow."Intentions and plans: "I am going to start a new job."Part 3: The Four Progressive Tenses.In addition to the three main tenses, English alsoemploys four progressive tenses, which emphasize the ongoing or continuous nature of actions.Present Progressive Tense.The present progressive tense depicts actions that are happening right now or that are in progress. It is formed by adding '-ing' to the present tense of the verb.Example: "I am studying for the exam."Past Progressive Tense.The past progressive tense expresses actions that were ongoing at a specific point in the past. It is formed by adding '-ing' to the past tense of the verb.Example: "I was studying for the exam yesterday."Future Progressive Tense.The future progressive tense indicates actions thatwill be in progress at a certain point in the future. It is formed by combining 'will be' with the '-ing' form of the verb.Example: "I will be studying for the exam tomorrow."Past Perfect Progressive Tense.The past perfect progressive tense describes actions that had been ongoing for some time before a specific point in the past. It is formed by combining 'had been' with the '-ing' form of the verb.Example: "I had been studying for the exam for hours before I went to bed."Part 4: The Four Perfect Tenses.The perfect tenses emphasize the completion or result of an action or state.Present Perfect Tense.The present perfect tense expresses actions that started in the past and have a connection to the present. It is formed by combining 'have' or 'has' with the past participle of the verb.Example: "I have studied for the exam."Past Perfect Tense.The past perfect tense indicates actions that occurred before another action in the past. It is formed by combining 'had' with the past participle of the verb.Example: "I had studied for the exam before I went to bed."Future Perfect Tense.The future perfect tense conveys actions that will be completed by a specific point in the future. It is formed by combining 'will have' with the past participle of theverb.Example: "I will have studied for the exam by tomorrow."Past Perfect Future Tense.The past perfect future tense describes actions that will have been completed before another action in the future. It is formed by combining 'would have' or 'could have' with the past participle of the verb.Example: "I would have studied for the exam by tomorrow if I had had more time."Part 5: Choosing the Correct Verb Tense.Selecting the appropriate verb tense depends on the context and the intended meaning of the sentence. Consider the following guidelines:Present tense: Use the present tense for actionshappening now, habitual actions, and general truths.Past tense: Use the past tense for completed actions, past habitual actions, and stories.Future tense: Use the future tense for actions that will happen in the future, predictions, and intentions.Progressive tenses: Use progressive tenses to emphasize ongoing or continuous actions.Perfect tenses: Use perfect tenses to indicate completion or result of actions or states.Remember, the key to mastering verb tenses lies in understanding their specific usages and practicing them regularly. By immersing yourself in the nuances of the English language, you will unlock the power to communicate with precision and eloquence.中文回答:第 1 部分,动词时态介绍。

verb tense

verb tense

3.现在完成时 1) 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成影响或结果,或
说话时已经完成的动作。 -- Would you please have some apples? have had have) enough. -- No, thanks. I __________(
它常与下列副词或短语连用: already, never, ever, just, before, lately, recently, so far, up to now, in (over) the past/ last + some time…
2) be going to do sth
表示将来计划,安排要发生的事; 有迹 象要发生的事。 The new album is going to be released next month。 Look at the dark clouds; there is going to be a rain. 3)be doing 某些瞬时动词的进行时也可以表
5) 用在条件,时间状语从句中,表示从句动 作先于主句动作完成。 你要到任务完成了再回家 。 You will not go back home until you have finished the task.
现在完成进行时 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作, 这一动作可能仍在进行,或可能还要继续下去,也可 能已停止. has been doing ( do) her She is very tired. She______________ housework all day. What bad weather! It _______________ has been raining (rain) so far this month. 比较: I have watered the flowers. 我已经给花浇过水了。 I have been watering the flowers. 我一直在给花浇水。

grammar-verb-tense

grammar-verb-tense

grammar-verb-tenseTeaching & Learning Centre Fact Sheets The University of New EnglandGRAMMAR CHECKERS will NOT help at all with getting your verb tenses correct. It cannot read shifts in tense and will not alert you to check for this. It can sometimes signal incorrect irregular verbs when you are using past tense, but this is not consistent. You will need to proofread your work yourself, checking for correct and consistent verb tense.Grammar: Verb tensesA common error in essay writing is in the use of time or verb tense (present, past and future forms). Native speakers of English use verb tenses unconsciously, but may use the incorrect form or change tenses inappropriately during writing (i.e. lose ‘sense’ by switching backwards and forwards between tenses). In academic writing, there are conventions about using tense correctly and about using tense consistently. You will need to know about:1. Recognising the tenses2. Using present tense in your writing3. Using past tense in your writing4. Using future tense in your writing5. Controlling shifts in verb tensesVerbs in English give a sense of time in speech and writing. There are three main ‘times’ that we use to convey information: present, past and future. Verb tenses are used to express the relationship between time and other factors so that we can tell if an action is still in progress (PRESENT), completed (PAST), or predicting future action or events (FUTURE). Examples ?Thinking skills are very helpful for questioning information and opinions in a text. (PRESENT) ?Students are taught higher level thinking skills in the ASO training programs. (PRESENT) ?In the 1980s, many studies investigated the role of critical thinking skills in academic writing. (PAST) ?Before the 1970s, most information was reproduced uncritically by students in exams . (PAST) ?It is hoped that future generations will be skillful at critically assessing Internet data. (FUTURE) ? By the end of the course, students should have learned strategies for critical reading. (FUTURE)2. Using present tense in your writingAcademic writing mostly uses PRESENT tense to state facts, to make generalisations and to report on the research and ideas of others.Rule 1: Use the PRESENT tense in most of your writing when you are expressing your ideas. ExampleSmith (2009, p. 3) claims that critical thinking is the process by which the reader detects and analyses the assumptions that lie beneath the actions, decisions and judgments in information. Therefore, critical thinking processes seek to evaluate the intellectual work of others by searching for strengths as well as weaknesses through reason, evidence and relevance (Jacks, 2010, p. 78). (PRESENT) Rule 2: Use PRESENT tense to report the findings of others when you are paraphrasing and quoting information from authors that you want to express a close allegiance to. Using past tense can suggest that information is no longer current or not so relevant to the writer’s own research.Examplesacknowledges, adds, admits, affirms, agrees, argues, asserts, assumes, assures, challenges, claims, clarifies, comments, concedes, concludes, declares, demonstrates, denies, describes, disagrees, discusses, doubts, elaborates, emphasises, explains, implies, infers, informs, maintains, mentions, notes, observes, points out, presents, proves, questions, reasons, recognises, refutes, relates, remarks, reports, requests, responds, reveals, shows, states, suggests, thinks, urges, warns NOTE: APA referencing style is used in used in this fact sheet.Teaching & Learning Centre Fact SheetsThe University of New England3. Using past tense in your writingYou use the PAST tense in academic writing to state facts, to make generalisations and to report the ideas of others that describe past events and research that is not continuing. Rule 1: Use PAST tense when you want to describe an action or event that took place in the past. This includes giving examples from practical experience, writing up the methods and results sections of scientific reports and writing descriptions and analyses of past events such as history and biography.ExampleCritical thinking originated during the time of Socrates over 2500 years ago. After this, many contributions were made to the notion of critical thinking by European philosophers, such as Aquinas, Erasmus, Bacon and Moore. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, critical thinking and reading skills have been explicitly developed for educational purposes. Rule 2: Use PAST tense forms correctly by adding ‘ed’ to present tense verbs and reporting verbs or by using the correct ‘irregular verb’. Be careful, spelling rules apply when adding ‘ed’ to words (e.g. doubling the last letter, dropping the final ‘e’). ExamplesSOME COMMON PAST TENSE IRREGULAR VERBS(bring) brought, (come) came/had come (arise), arose/had arisen, (choose) chose/had chosen, (forbid) forbade/had forbidden, (lay) laid/had laid, (lie) lay/had lain, (lead) led/had led, (show) showed/had shown, (write) wrote/had writtenResearchers (Jackson, 2005; Smith, 1999; Zhan, 2002) state that it is likely that the study of critical thinking and reading skills will continue to play an important role in university education. (FUTURE)5. Controlling shifts in verb tensesWhen you are writing an essay, you will probably want to use time frames that require you to move between the tenses (e.g. inserting a scenario, an example or an anecdote to illustrate your point). You will need to be careful that you make shifts in tense clearly and consistently. Rule : Keep your writing in the ONE tense (present or past) unless you consciously intend to change the time frameExampleBeing critical in university writing does not have the same meaning as criticising ineveryday life (i.e. making negative comments). Writing critically meant (means ) that youquestion the information and opinions presented to you in your readings. By evaluatingand judging the text from an informed point of view, you can make statements about thestrengths and weaknesses of an argument. For instance, a text written about social justicein the 1920s may not consider the textual marginalisation of racial, social and gendergroups as these issues are (were ) not considered at this time. Moreover, in recent timesthe Internet has flooded the information market with dubious information. Therefore,students will need thorough training in critical reading skills so they can evaluate thequality of the information they are using in their academic assignments. wrong - needs present tense correct - present tense wrong - needs past tense Correct - future tense correct - ast sentence needs futuretense。

动词的形式和时态

动词的形式和时态

Back
Motivations of change of Verb forms
There are 6 incomplete sentences here. You should fill in the blanks with the proper form of the word given in brackets and point out the motivations (动 因)of the change of forms where there is a change. e.g. He(be) ___a good person. Key: is Motivation: the person of the subject.
Back
e.g. Nowadays, more and more people are using cell phones. • Perfect(完成体) e.g. He has made great progress since he begin studying English a month ago. 5. Voice (语态) • Active(主动) e.g. Professor Smith gave the class a wonderful speech yesterday. • Passive(被动) e.g. He was named president last week.
Back
1. Doctor Richard, together with his wife and children, (be)___to arrive in Beijing this noon. (PRETCOA, 2003-12) is number 2. Jim told me he (join) _____the army two years before. (2003-12) had joined time; aspect 3. If I (be)_____ you, I wouldn’t miss the job interview tomorrow morning. (2008-12) were mood

verb-tenses-and-verb-tense-sequencing

verb-tenses-and-verb-tense-sequencing

English Verb Tenses
Present Past Future
Four tenses in each category (for a total of 12).
Present Tense
Simple present Present progressive Present perfect Present perfect progressive base form of verb am/is/are + present participle has/have + past participle has/have + been + present participle
Present Tense
Simple present (base form of verb)
Uses Examples
To express a habitual or repeated action Most cats groom themselves every day. in the present or to express a condition that is true at any time
WordsWorld Consulting
Verb Tense
Refers to the time that a verb expresses Also relates to aspect, which refers to some characteristic of an event or action beyond its time (eg, habitual vs temporary action, past action that occurred some time ago vs past action that occurred close to the present time)

谓语动词的时态

谓语动词的时态

谓语动词的时态(一)Verb Tense(1)谓语动词的时态(一)Verb Tense(1)1.一般现在时(The Simple present Tense)一般现在时表示主语的状态、特征,经常或反复发生的动作,或表示真理。

1.一般现在时(The Simple present Tense)如:He is fourteen. He is at school.Do you go to school at 7 every day?She doesn't like apples.The earth moves around the sun.1.一般现在时(The Simple present Tense)谓语动词用原形,当主语为第三人称单数时,动词原形的词尾有加-s的变化。

变化如表:注意:•动词be 的一般现在时是am,is,are;•动词have 的第三人称单数形式是has。

谓语动词的时态(一)Verb Tense(1)2.一般过去时(The Simple Past Tense)一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:yesterday,last night, in 1989, two days ago等。

Tense)如:My teacher wasn't at home last Saturday.He was in the library.He got up at 6 this morning.She didn't watch TV.She did some reading.Tense)一般过去时要用动词的过去式,规则动词的词尾加-ed,不规则的要记。

规则动词过去式的构成:2.一般过去时(The Simple Past Tense常见的不规则动词的过去式变化,如:am / is—was are—were go—went have—had do—did get—got come—came say—said see—saw put—put eat—ate take—took谓语动词的时态(一)Verb Tense(1)3.一般将来时(The Simple Future Tense)一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如:tomorrow, next week, next Sunday等。

英汉动词对比

英汉动词对比

英汉语动词的主要差别---1.动词的分
类依据句型分类 及物动词
动词
transitive verbs
teach read hear tell
verb
不及物动词
happen, sleep grow
non-transitive verbs
汉语: 多数是Vt(及物动词),只有极少数是vi(不及物动词)
She can dance and sing. She can sing many English songs
The officer put down his glass and stood up. Putting down his glass,the officer stood up.
他到了车站发现火车已经开走了。 He arrived at the station and found that the train had left. Arriving at the station,he found that the train had left.
有些词既可以是vi. 也可以是vt.
英汉语动词的主要差别---1.动词的分 类To serve one’s country
服务国家 为国服务 To live a happy life
有些动词在英语是 Vt,在汉语则是Vi
过幸福的日子 生活很幸福
They are waiting for the bus. 他们在等汽车。
在表示“手段、目的” 关系的连动式中,第二个动词 有时也可以用含目的意义的介词来译
英汉语动词的主要差别--5.动词与谓语
不2.久有,些他连捧动着那式本,书前回一来了个。动作表示后一个动作的 V方er式y s、oon状,态he,ca两me者b形ack成,主ho从ldin关g t系ha。t b在ook英in译ha时nd,· 她通哼常着把曲后子走一进个卧动室作去。用限定动词译成谓语,前一 H个um动m作ing译a 成tun分e s词he或we介nt词int短o t语he。bedroom

Verb_Tense

Verb_Tense

She has been living in Taiwan for the last two months, but she plans to move soon.
The Past Perfect
This tense describes completed events that took place in the past before another past event.
John is living in Modesto, but he might move soon.
The Simple Past
We use the simple past to indicate exactly when an action or event took place in the past.
She is meeting a new client at eleven o’clock. The train leaves at 6:00 a.m. tomorrow.
The Future Progressive
This tense is used to describe an event or action that will occur over a period of time at a specific point in the future.
Reviewing Verb Tenses
© 2001 by Ruth Luman
References
Verb Tense Review
The Importance of Time
Verb tense expresses the time of an event or action. Time and how it is expressed in writing is very important to English readers. The English language has twelve different tenses. In this lesson, we will review the meaning of each verb tense.

verb tense

verb tense
A. got B. had got C. would get
(3). 连动句
The monkey ______ (jump) off the tree, _____ (pick) up a big stone and ______(throw) it at me.
(4). 表虚拟
一般过去时
1.构成 … 过去式…
2.用法 (1).过去的时间点或时间段中发生的动 作或状态.(ago, yesterday, last~, the other day) -- Oh, its you! I ___ .– I’ve just had my hair cut. A. didn’t recognize B. hadn’t recognized
A. will take off
B. take off C. takes off
(5). 图片、戏剧、电影的说明或旁白 are 。 -- you are drinking too much.
-- Only at home. No one ___ me but you.
A. seeing B. had seen C. sees D. saw
A. wouldn’t be B. wasn’t C. hadn’t been
-- Have you graduated?
– Yes. I___ in BeiJing university for 4 years.
A. studied B. have studied C. had studied -- Have you worked here since you graduated? -- No. I ___ in the army for 4 years. A. have served B. served C. had served

英语常用语法知识点

英语常用语法知识点

英语常用语法知识点1.名词:名词是表示人、事物、抽象概念等名称的词。

名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词。

专有名词是特定的人、地点、组织等名称,如“China”、“Beijing”等。

普通名词则是一类事物的名称,如“apple”、“dog”等。

2.代词:代词是代替名词的词,用于指代人、事物等。

代词可以分为人称代词、物主代词、疑问代词等。

3.动词:动词是表示动作或状态的词,如“run”、“be”等。

动词可以分为及物动词和不及物动词,以及助动词、情态动词等。

4.形容词:形容词是表示人或事物的性质或状态的词,如“big”、“happy”等。

形容词可以修饰名词或代词,表示其性质或状态。

5.副词:副词是修饰动词、形容词或其他副词的词,表示时间、地点、方式等,如“quickly”、“here”、“otherwise”等。

6.介词:介词是表示时间、地点、方向等的词,如“in”、“on”、“at”等。

介词后通常接名词或代词。

7.连词:连词是连接两个句子或从句的词,表示转折、因果、并列等关系,如“but”、“and”、“because”等。

8.冠词:冠词是用于限定名词的词,分为不定冠词“a”和定冠词“the”。

9.句子结构:句子结构是指句子的组成方式,包括简单句、复合句和并列句。

简单句是由一个主语和一个谓语组成的句子,复合句是由主句和从句组成的句子,并列句是由两个或多个简单句用并列连词连接起来的句子。

10.时态:时态是表示动作发生的时间和状态的语法形式,包括现在时、过去时、将来时等。

每种时态都有不同的形式和用法。

1. Verb Tense: The main verb tenses in English are the simple present, present continuous, simple past, past continuous, present perfect, past perfect, and so on. When using verb tenses, you need to choose the appropriate tense based on the chronological order of events and the intended meaning.2. Nouns: Nouns in English usually have singular and plural forms, as well as uncountable nouns, such as material, abstract, or collectivenouns that do not have a plural form. When expressing quantity, you need to pay attention to the usage of singular and plural forms.3. Adjectives and Adverbs: Adjectives and adverbs are words that modify nouns, verbs, or other adjectives and adverbs. Adjectives describe the characteristics and attributes of things, while adverbs describe the actions, manner, time, etc. When using them, pay attention to their grammatical function, such as adjectives typically appearing before nouns, and adverbs usually appearing after verbs or adjectives.4. Pronouns: Pronouns are used to replace nouns or other pronouns. They can simplify language expression and enhance linguistic coherence. Pronouns are divided into personal pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, indefinite pronouns, etc.5. Prepositions: Prepositions describe the spatial, temporal, or relational aspects of things. They are usually placed between verbs and nouns, expressing direction, position, time, cause, and purpose of an action.。

Verbal Tense

Verbal Tense

Perfect Continuous Tense
A. Present Perfect Continuous Tense: Usage: 表示一直持续到现在,且仍将持续下去的动 作 Form: have/has been V( present progressive) eg: She has been working with company for 5 years. They have been standing there since 7 o’clock this morning. He has been teaching at this school since 2001.
Verbal Tense
I. II. III. IV.
Indefinite Tense Continuous Tense Perfect Tense Perfect Continuous Tense
Indefinite Tense
A. Present Indefinite Tense Form: be (am, is, are); have (has); V (V+ s, es, eg: teaches, washes, studies) Usage: a. 用于表示客观事实,反复发生或习惯性动作, 用于表示客观事实,反复发生或习惯性动作, 常与often, always, sometimes, usually, 常与 once a week, everyday, seldom等时间状语连 等时间状语连 用 eg: The earth revolves around the sun. The students get up at 6 o’clock every morning. b. 用于时间或条件状语从句中,表示将来的动作。 用于时间或条件状语从句中,表示将来的动作。 eg: If it is fine tomorrow, we will go swimming. I’ll tell him when (as soon as) he gets home. I won’t buy a car unless I have money. Once I receive the letter, I will let you know.

英语语法一物主代词所有格动词时态

英语语法一物主代词所有格动词时态

matters needing attention
When using the possessive case, it is important to use the correct possessive pronoun and to maintain grammatical accuracy.
It is also important to use the possessive case correctly after prepositions and in other grammatical contexts.
02
Verb tense
Present tense
Present tense possessive pronouns
01
"My", "Your", "His", "Her", "Its", "Our", and "Their".
Example
02
"My car is red."
Meaning
03
English grammar possessive verb tense of a posses
目录
• Possessive case of possessive pronouns • Verb tense • The application of possessive case of a
possessive pronoun in verb tenses • The combination of possessive case of a
Future Continuous Tense

跟我背CET4核心词汇-tense

跟我背CET4核心词汇-tense

跟我背CET4核心词汇:tensetense拉紧的,紧急的stretched tightly; taut肌肉绷紧的with muscles tight in anticipation of what may happen神经紧急的unable to relax同义词v. strain,tense up反义词v. decompress,loosen up,make relaxed,relaxa. lax,relaxed参考例句1. She tensed up as she heard the explosion.听到爆炸声她紧急起来。

2. I hate to see you so tense.我真不喜爱看到你如此紧急。

3. Student: Obviously it is the past tense.同学:很明显是过去时态嘛。

双语释义1.ADJ A tense situation or period of time is one that makes people anxious, because they do not know what is going tohappen next. 令人紧急的例:This gesture of goodwill did little to improve the tense atmosphere at the talks.这一友好姿态对改善谈判的紧急气氛几乎没起什么作用。

2.ADJ If you are tense, you are anxious and nervous and cannot relax. 紧急的例:Mark, who had at first been very tense, at last relaxed.马克起初特别紧急,最终最终放松了。

3.ADJ If your body is tense, your muscles are tight and not relaxed. 紧绷的例:A bath can relax tense muscles.泡个澡能放松紧绷的肌肉。

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Verb Tenses in Academic WritingBy the Walden University Writing Center StaffCommon Verb TensesVerb tenses place actions in time, expressing whether the actions already took place (past), are currently taking place (present), or will be taking place (future). In scholarly writing, the most common verb tenses we use are the following:Use the simple present to describe a general truth, an action that is happening now, or an action that occurs on a regular basis:This study addresses the shortage of research about gifted students.Skinner’s theories remain valid today.Use the simple past tense to describe an action that took place at a specific point in the past: The instructor discovered that her students retained information better when they weregiven more autonomy.Zimbardo (1998) researched many aspects of social psychology.Use the future tense to describe an action that will take place at a particular point in the future: Tomorrow, I will distribute the surveys to my students.Many students will attend the residency next June.Use the present perfect tense (have + verb) to describe an action that began in the past and continues in the present:Researchers have shown that the corpus callosum is more developed in cats than in dogs.(Notice that the implication here is that the research showed this in the past and continues to show this presently).Psychoneuroimmunologists have demonstrated the influence of stress on chronicillnesses.Use the past perfect tense (had + verb) to describe an action that began in the past and continued for some time but is no longer happening.Before Freud’s discovery, psychologists had believed that hysteria was caused by awandering womb.Since she had developed her critical thinking skills, Mary performed well on the test. Use the future perfect tense (will have + verb) to describe an action that is presently taking place and will continue taking place until some point in the future.I will have revised this thesis 50 times by the end of the semester.I will have been at Walden University for 2 years by the time I complete the thesis.Verb Tense ConsistencyWithin a sentence, verb tenses need to be consistent, and they must reflect a logical progression of events or actions. Within a paragraph, moreover, the sequence of tenses from sentence to sentence has to make sense. Consider the following examples, and note how the two parts of each sentence (main clause and subordinate clause in these cases) must relate logically through proper use of verb tenses:Incorrect: When Smith tried to contact the interviewees for a follow up, some of themmoved. (This sentence wrongly implies that the contact attempt caused the moving).Correct: When Smith tried to contact the interviewees for a follow up, some of them had moved. (This sentence makes it clear that the moves had already happened prior to thecontact attempt).Incorrect: Because 80% of the women dropped out of the study, the research had beenstopped. (Verb tense errors here create an illogical cause-effect reversal).Correct: Because 80% of the women dropped out of the study, the research had to bestopped. (The cause-effect here is clear and logical).For ensuring clarity and smoothness of expression, then, accuracy and consistency in our use of verb tenses is a must. Abrupt changes in verb tense or use of the wrong verb tense can confuse the reader by creating ambiguities about the progress of actions in time.APA and Verb TensesIn addition to calling for consistency and accuracy, APA formatting calls for the use of specific verb tenses for paraphrasing and analyzing research that is incorporated into an essay’s argument. Generally speaking, research results need to be described in the past tense because the research took place at a particular moment in the past:The participants in the experimental group reported that their depression had decreasedsignificantly (Thompson, 2003). In addition, 68 of those participants reported nausea(Thompson, 2003).On the other hand, literature review data may be discussed in the present perfect tense because the results of the past research may still be pertinent today:While some researchers have argued that stress does not affect immunity, others haveshown a direct causal connection between exposure to stress and lowered white bloodcell count.Lastly, the implications of research results may be described in the present tense if those implications are meaningful in the present:The results of Jones’s study (2003) suggest that adult learners prefer collaborativeactivities.The Conditional Verb TensesYou’ve now learned about the standard verb tense: the present tense (what is going on now); the past tense (what happened at specific times in the past); the future tense (what will happen); the present perfect tense (what started in the past and is still going on today); and the past perfect tense (what happened in the past but not at a specific time).But what if your actions depend on a condition? What do you do when you need to convey something you could do, would do, could have done, would have done, or would never do again? When expressing something that has not actually happened or that could or might happen in the future, you will have two main clauses. The first clause is called the condition clause and almost always begins with the words if, were, or had (if I had; were they there; had she known). The second clause, called the result clause, will contain the words could, would, or will to form the conditional tense.Some Walden assignments ask you to describe what you would do in a certain situation. For example, you might be asked to describe an ethical standard, the violation of which you think would have serious implications for or effect on a client or patient.In your response, you’ll be spe aking hypothetically. The most common hypothetical statements use an interesting combination of the present and past tense:If I violated ethical standard A.2 from the Ethical Standards for School Counselors (American School Counselor Association, 2008), I would risk the confidentiality of the students in my school.Hypothetical statements can also combine the present and the future tense (use this format when you are predicting something about the future):If I violate ethical standard A.2 from the Ethical Standards for School Counselors (American School Counselor Association, 2008), I will risk the confidentiality of the students in my school.In addition, hypothetical situations can describe imagined or unreal events in the past. For these situations, use a combination of the perfect and conditional tenses:If I had violated ethical standard A.2 from the Ethical Standards for School Counselors (American School Counselor Association, 2008), I would have risked the confidentiality of the students in my school.Expressing a present unreal event is also known as the subjunctive mood:If I were violating ethical standard A.2 from the Ethical Standards for School Counselors (American School Counselor Association, 2008), I would be risking the confidentiality of the students in my school.A few notes about the conditional:∙Wishing something is always an unreal condition (I wish I had not violated standard A.2).∙The verb to be uses the form were in an unreal condition (If I were a better counselor, I wou ld…).∙In order to express the unreal, the hypothetical, the speculative, or the imagined, you will move one step back in time in your condition clause (see chart below).Verb Tense Progression Chart。

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