高考英语语法讲解及练习题()
2020年高考英语语法讲解及考点练习(倒装句+省略句+强调句+情态动词)
倒装句和省略句重难点分析一、倒装句倒装句主要考查以下几个方面：◆含有否定意味的词置于句首，用部分倒装；◆“only+状语/状语从句”置于句首，用部分倒装；◆so/such…that句型中，“so+形容词/副词”提前，用部分倒装；◆表示方位的副词或介词短语放在句首，要用完全倒装。
1. 倒装句用法一览表：2. 特别提示(1) there be结构的倒装句型中，除了be动词之外，there后还可接lie, live, seemto be等。
如：There lived an old man in the village long long ago. 很久很久以前，村子里住着一位老人。
(2) here, there, now, then, up, down, away, out等副词位于句首，主语为代词时不到装。
如：Away it flew. 它飞走了。
(3) 直接引语的一部分或全部位于句首，主句倒装，主句倒装，但是主语为代词时不倒装。
如：“You have to finish it tonight,” she said. “今晚你必须完成它，”她说。
(4) so位于句首不倒装的情况：① 主语与前句相同，表赞同，译为“确实如此”。
如：— Mike studies hard. 迈克学习很刻苦。
— So he does. 确实是。
② 表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事，前句如果列举了两种事实以上，用“so it is/was with sb./sth.”回答。
如：— Tom is kind and often helps those in trouble. 汤姆很友好，经常帮助处于困境中的人。
— So it is with his father. 他父亲也是。
(5) 使用as/though进行倒装时注意：①句首有名词，名词不能带任何冠词。
如：Child as he is, he can tell right from wrong. 尽管他是个孩子，却能够明辨是非。
高考英语一轮复习 基础语法精讲及真题练习12 状语从句高三全册英语试题
入舵市安恙阳光实验学校专题12 状语从句一、状语从句概览二、语法详解在复合句中作状语的从句叫做状语从句。
状语从句可以位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。
1.时间状语从句1．when, while和as引导的时间状语从句连词含义用法when当……时候可与延续性动词或非延续性动词连用；从句动作可以发生在主句动作之前、之后或与主句动作同时发生while当……时候只可与延续性动词连用；侧重于主句动作与从句动作相对比as一边……一边……；随着常与延续性动词连用；从句动作与主句动作同时或几乎同时发生1.Researchers in Britain found that when French music wasplayed, sales of French wines went up.2.While watching TV, children do not merely absorb words andimages.3.As he grew older, he became less active.[特别注意] 如果主句表示的是非延续性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作，则when, while与as可互换使用。
When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend.2．表示“一……就……”含义的词或短语引导的时间状语从句(1)有的名词(短语)或副词可引导时间状语从句，如：the moment, theminute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly,instantly等，另外as soon as也可引导时间状语从句，从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。
For example, the moment you get on the airplane, startadjusting your biological clock to the destination's time.The boy ran off the minute he saw the owner of the orchard.(2)在hardly/scarcely ... when和no sooner ... than ...结构中，主句用过去完成时，than或when所在的从句用一般过去时。
高考英语语法主谓一致专题讲解练习含答案
在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词在人称和数上必须和主语保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。
主谓一致大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致。
语法一致原则语法一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1．单数名词、代词、动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。
►To study French well is not easy.学好法语不容易。
►What he said is very important for us all.他说的话对我们大家很重要。
【注意】由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式；但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
►What I bought were three Chinese books.我买的是三本中文书。
►What I say and do are helpful to you.我所说的、所做的都对你有帮助。
2．由连接词and或both...and...连接起来的合成主语后面，谓语动词要用复数形式。
►Both she and he are middle school students.他和她都是中学生。
【注意】(1)若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或事(物)时，主语后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。
►The writer and artist has come.那个兼有作家和艺术家双重身份的人来了。
►To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.早睡早起是个好习惯。
(2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果有no, each, every, more than a(an), many a(an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
►No boy and no girl likes it.男孩和女孩没有一个喜欢这个的。
高考英语语法讲解——主从复合句（附练习题及答案）
高考英语语法讲解——主从复合句（附练习题）主从复合句（状语从句、名词性从句和定语从句）【考点分析】状语从句1.when,while,as引导时间状语从句的区别；2.名词词组the minute,the moment,the first time,each time,any time 等用作连词，引导的时间状语从句；'3.b efore,和SinCe引导时间状语从句的用法以及常见的几个句型；4.t ill和Until的用法；5.a l t hough,though,as以及even if,even though引导让步状语从句的用法；6.结果状语从句中“so...that"与“such...that”的区别；7.条件状语从句UnIeSS,PrOViding/provided,SUPPOSe/supposing等引导词的用法；、、8.“疑问词+ever"和"no matter+疑问词"引导从句的用法；9.in CaSe引导的状语从句；10.where引导的状语从句；11.once引导的状语从句。
12.与祈使句、定语从句、名词从句、倒装句以及与强调句型的混合考查。
名词从句1.that和What引导名词性从句的区别；2.名词从句的语序和时态；3.it作形式主语、形式宾语的几种情况；4.宾语从句的否定转移；5.whether和if的用法区别；6.what在名词性从句中的使用；种类_类型例句陈述句肯定句We IOVe OUr motherland.我们热爱祖国。
否定句They don,t go to WOrk On Sundays.他们星期日不上班。
____________________________________疑问句一般疑问句Are you a worker?你是个工人吗？HaVen,t you Seen the film?你没看过这部电影吗?__________________________________7. doubt 后的名词性从句的使用；8. W ho / WhOeVer , What / WhateVer 等的用法区别;9. 连接词that 的省略；定语从句!.that 与WhiCh 引导的定语从句的区别；特殊疑问句WhO is the man?这人是谁？When do you WatCh TV?你什么时间看电视？What are they doing now?他们现在正在干什么?____________________________________选择疑问句DO you Want tea Or coffee? Either Will do.你要茶水还是要咖啡?哪种都行。
高考英语语法定语从句讲解与练习附答案
定语从句与高考定语从句是高考的热点，主要考查关系代词和关系副词的正确运用，特别是它们在非限制性定语从句中的运用。
主要考点有：1.关系代词who, which, that, whom, as, whose的基本用法。
2.关系副词when, where, why的基本用法。
3.定语从句中关系词的特殊用法。
4.定语从句中“介词＋关系代词”介词的确定。
5. which/ as引导的非限制性定语从句的区别。
一、定语从句的分类限制性定语从句定语从句非限制性定语从句二、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别区别一：形式不同限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开；而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常____用___逗号隔开。
区别二：功能不同限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意____不明确___；而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意不影响。
如：People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。
(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义)His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。
(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整)比较下面的两个句子：I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一个当医生的姐姐。
(姐姐不止一个)I have a sister, who is a doctor. 我有一个姐姐，她是当医生的。
(只有一个姐姐)区别三：翻译不同在翻译定语从句时，一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，而把非限定性定语从句与主句分开。
如：He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。
I’ve invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。
高考英语语法名词专题讲解练习含答案
可数名词的数1．单数名词变为复数名词的基本规则。
(1)以–o 结尾的名词变为复数时，常在词尾加–s ，但下列名词要加–es ：黑人英雄．．．．在回声．．中吃土豆．．、西红柿．．．，即：Negroes, heroes, echoes, potatoes, tomatoes 。
下列以–o 结尾的名词变为复数时既可以加–es ，也可以加–s ：zeros /zeroes(零)，mosquitos/mosquitoes(蚊子)，volcanos/volcanoes(火山)。
(2)以–f 或–fe 结尾的名词变为复数时，一般去掉f 或fe 加–ves ：为了自己活命．．．．，小偷．．和他的妻子．．手里拿着刀子．．和树叶．．站在架子．．上，把狼．劈成两半．，即：selves, lives, thieves, wives, knives, leaves, shelves, wolves, halves 。
但下列以–f 或–fe 结尾的名词变为复数时直接加–s ：屋．顶．上的首领信仰保险箱．．．．．．．，即：roofs, chiefs, beliefs, safes 。
下列以–f 结尾的名词变为复数时既可以去掉f 加–ves ，也可以直接加–s ：handkerchiefs /handkerchieves(手帕)，scarfs/scarves(围巾)。
(3)合成名词变成复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数。
如：sons–in–law(女婿), passers–by(过路人), story–tellers(讲故事的人), breakfasts(早餐), housewives(家庭主妇)。
2．常见单复数同形的名词。
如：means, aircraft, deer, fish, fruit, cattle, Chinese, Japanese, sheep, works(工厂)等。
高考英语专项定语从句语法详解以及练习题
高考英语专项定语从句语法详解以及练习题定语从句确实是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，同时作定语修饰主句中某一名词或代词（一）定语从句一样由关系代词和关系副词引导1、关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as2、关系副词：when, where, why关系代词和关系副词必须位于主句先行词之后，定语从句之首，，起着连接先行词和定语从句的作用，同时在从句中又充当句子成分。
先行词：定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
She is the girl who/that lives next door. 她确实是住在隔壁家的女孩。
关系代词that 人/物主语宾语Which 物主语宾语Whom 人宾语Who 人主语宾语Whose 人/物定语As 人/物主语宾语先行词在定语从句中作的语法成分关系副词when 时刻名词状语Where 地点名词状语Why 缘故reason 状语关系副词when（指时刻，在定语从句中作时刻状语，where（指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语），why（指缘故，在定语从句中作缘故状语）。
who, whom, whose, which, that, as的使用先行词指人，在定语从句中作主语，用who/that,同时不能省略She is the girl who/that lives next door. 她确实是住在隔壁家的女孩。
先行词指人，在定语从句中作宾语，用whom/who/that,能够省略That is the girl whom/who/that I teach. 那个确实是我教的女孩。
先行词指物，在定语从句中作主语，用which/that,同时不能省略The work that/which has just been finished is very important. 刚刚完成的那份工作专门重要。
先行词指物，在定语从句中作宾语，用which/that,能够省略This is the book which/that I want to read. 这确实是我想读的一本书。
高考英语语法特殊句式专题讲解练习含答案
完全倒装谓语动词完全放在主语之前的句子，便是完全倒装句，或叫全部倒装。
1．表示方位或方向的副词或介词短语，如here, there, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the wall以及表示时间的now, then等，置于句首且主语是名词时，句子完全倒装。
►Be quick！Here comes the bus.快点，公共汽车来了！►For a moment nothing happened. Then came voices all shouting together.片刻之间什么声音也没有，之后大家一起欢呼起来。
【注意】上述情况中，若主语是人称代词，则句子用部分倒装。
►Away they went.他们走了。
►Over it turns!它翻过来了！2．表语＋连系动词＋主语(表语可以是：形容词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词)►Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests.出席会议的有怀特教授，史密斯教授还有许多其他客人。
3．such＋be＋主语►Such are the facts: no one can deny them.这些就是事实，没有人可以否认它们。
部分倒装部分倒装只是把谓语的一部分提到主语前面，即把谓语部分的“助动词/情态动词/be 动词”提到主语的前面，谓语的其他部分仍在主语后面。
1．So/Neither/Nor＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＋主语(表示前一句中的内容也适合另一人或另一事物)►Lily can't play table–tennis. Neither can I.莉莉不会打乒乓球，我也不会。
2．否定副词never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely等，及表示否定意义的介词短语at no time, in no case, under/in no circumstances, by no means, on no condition等置于句首时。
高考英语语法讲解及练习题
高考英语语法专题复习一、冠词The Article知识要点：冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。
冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The definite Article）两种。
a (an) 是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前：如a book, a man; an用在元音之前，如：an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。
the是定冠词。
一、不定冠词的用法1、指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）。
这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。
如：She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple.2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。
如：He borrowed a story-book from the library.A Wang is looking for you. 一位姓王的同志正在找你。
3、表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。
如：I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes.4、用于某些固定词组中。
如：a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。
5、用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍——a + 抽象名词，起具体化的作用。
如：This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。
It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。
It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会，对我来说是一种荣誉。
高考英语倒装句语法讲解及练习题
高考英语倒装句语法讲解及练习题1. Next door to us .A. lied a doctorB. lived a doctorC. a doctor livedD. did a doctor live2. as soon as the bell rang.A. Out the children rushedB. Out did the children rushC. Rushed out the childrenD. Out rushed the children3. are the days when teachers were looked down upon.A. GoneB. GoC. To goD. Going4.Hardly the airport he started for Wuhan.A. I had reached; whenB. had I reached; thanC. had I reached; whenD. had I reached to; than5. h e might, Tom couldn’t get out of the trouble.A. Try asB. Tired asC. Though tryD. as try(keys: 1.b 2. d (全部倒装) 3. a (表语提前倒装) 4. c5.a(是Although he tried 的倒装)句型Fill in each blank with one of the following.( A. when B. before C. since D. that E. until )1. It will not be long we know the result of the experiment.2. It was a week he came to himself and told what had happened to him.3. It is a long time we came to this old city.4. It was not until a Saturday afternoon in May Mike could arrange for me to meet his elder sister.5. It was very late they came out of the hall.6. Let’s wait the rain stops.7. I’ll take no steps you arrive.8. It is the ability to do the job matters not where you came form or what you are.A. oneB. thatC. whatD. it用(A. if B. but C. and D. or)填空9.Give blood if you can many lives will be saved.10. One more week, we will aomplish the task.11. Hurry you won’t make the train.12. you turn left, you can find the hospital.用( A. what B. how)填空13. terrible weather we’ve had these days!14. terrible the weather has been these days!(keys: 1—7 bbcdaeb 8. b (强调句,强调主语) 9 —12 c c d a 13—14 ab。
高考英语备考策略 语法语态的讲解与训练高三全册英语试题
语鹅市安置阳光实验学校语法语态的讲解与训练语态【知识要点】英语语态用来表示主语和谓语之间的关系，分为主动语态和被动语态两种。
如果主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者就用主动语态，反之，如果主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者，则用被动语态。
另外非谓语动词也有主动和被动形式。
（1）动词的主动语态（在时态部分中已全部涉及）。
（2）动词的被动语态：常用时态的被动语态的构成如下：1）一般现在时 am/is/are asked例如：I am asked to answer the question. 我被要求回答那个问题。
2）过去进行时 was/were being asked例如：I was being asked to answer a question by a teacher when he saw me.当他看见我时，我正在被老师要求回答问题。
3）一般过去时 was/were asked例如：Yesterday, Mike was scolded by his father because of his making amistake.昨天，迈克因为犯错受到他爸爸的责备。
4）现在完成时 have/has been asked例如：This work has been finished (by me).这项工作已被我完成了。
5）一般将来时 shall/will be asked例如：This work will be finished tomorrow.这项工作明天将被完成。
6）过去完成时 had been asked例如：Before 10 o’clock yesterday’s morning, this work had all been finished.昨天十点以前，这项工作已被全部完成。
7）过去将来时 should/would be asked例如：He said the natural resources would be used up next centuries.他说那些自然资源下个世纪将被用尽。
高考英语语法非谓语动词讲解练习含答案
动词不定式、现在分词、动名词、过去分词总称为非谓语动词。
非谓语动词的形式及句法功能如下：示被动与完成。
非谓语动词作状语(一)不定式作状语不定式作状语时相当于一个状语从句，常用来作目的状语、结果状语或原因状语。
1．不定式用来作目的状语。
作目的状语时，不定式的逻辑主语通常也是全句的主语，往往译作“为了；想要”。
►To be a winner, you need to give all you have and try your best.要想成为赢家，你要付出所有并竭尽全力。
2．不定式用于so...as to, such...as to, enough to, too...to, only to等结构中作结果状语。
►Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle?你能好心把你的自行车借给我吗？►He hurried to the booking office only to be told all the tickets had been sold out.他匆忙去了售票处，结果被告知所有的票都已经卖完了。
【注意】“only＋to do”表示出乎意料的结果，tell和主语he 之间存在动宾关系，因而应用不定式的被动结构。
而现在分词作结果状语则表示自然而然的结果。
►His parents died, leaving him an orphan.他的父母去世了，因此他成了孤儿。
(二)过去分词作状语1．过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，且含有完成之意。
意义上相当于状语从句，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随状况等。
►Offered an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous.因为安迪在一部新电影中被分得一个重要角色，他得到了一个成名的机会。
2．某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构中。
高中英语2025届高考语法复习定语从句知识讲解练习
高考英语语法复习定语从句知识讲解练习1.定语从句定义定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句。
可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。
1.限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定修饰作用He is a man who likes travelling and reading.和主句关系密切，不用逗号隔开，去掉主句,句子不完整。
2. 非限制性定语从句：对先行词起修饰作用(先行词与定语从句之间用逗号隔开)The house, which I bought last year, has a beautiful garden.也可以对主句起修饰作用He was late again, which made his teacher angry.和主句关系不密切，用逗号分开，去掉主句，句子完整。
2.先行词先行词是被定语从句修饰的成分。
先行词可以是名词、代词或整个主句。
先行词是指人时，可用that, who, whom, whoseThis is the person ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.先行词是指物时，可用which, that, whoseI like to live in a room that / which has a window facing south.3.关系词关系词：关系代词和关系副词两种关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as在从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语先行词是指人时，可用关系代词：that, who, whom, whoseThis is the person ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.先行词是指物时，可用关系代词：which, that, whoseI like to live in a room that / which has a window facing south.I like to live in a room whose window faces south.=I like to live in a room of which the window faces south.=I like to live in a room the window of which faces south.关系副词：when, where, why 在从句中作状语先行词是表示时间的名词时，可用when, in which, on which等；I never forget the day when / on which I came to this school.先行词是表示地点的名词时，可用where, in which, at which等；The factory where / in which his father works is far from here.This is the factory where /in which he works.如果定语从句修饰point，situation，part，condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导We have reached a point where a change is needed.区分：there’s one point that we must insist on.先行词是表示原因的名词时，可用why, for which等。
2020届高三高考英语复习语法讲解及练习题：状语从句【含答案】
2020届高三高考英语复习语法讲解及练习题：状语从句【含答案】重难点分析状语从句是由从句担任状语，在句子中可修饰谓语动词（或其他动词）、形容词、副词或整个句子。
它可以用来表示时间、地点、条件、原因、结果、目的、让步、比较、方式等。
状语从句是一个较大的语法项目，也是近几年高考题中常见的重点考点。
高考中已考查了时间、让步、地点、条件、目的等状语从句，这些从句仍是今后高考的热点，应做充分的准备。
同时对方式状语从句也应引起重视。
不同的状语从句所使用的连接词也各不相同。
如下表所示：状语从句名称连接词时间状语从句when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till/until, since, once, as soon as/the moment, by the time, no sooner…than, hardly…when, every time等地点状语从句where和wherever条件状语从句if, unless, as long as, on condition that, if only(=if)原因状语从句because, since, as, now that(既然)结果状语从句so that(从句谓语动词一般没有情态动词), so…that, such…that目的状语从句so, so that(从句谓语常有情态动词), in order that, in case(以防，以免)让步状语从句although, though, as(常用倒装结构), even if/though, however, whatever, whether…or, no matter who(when, what, where…)等比较状语从句than, as…as, the more…the more方式状语从句as, as if/though, the way, rather than等一、时间状语从句1. while, when, as引导时间状语从句时的区别(1) while引导的状语从句中谓语动词必须是持续性动词。
2022年高考英语语法精讲与精练(句子成分和基本句型)
2022年高考英语语法精讲与精练（句子成分和基本句型）5.Traditional festivalsenableusto learn fine Chinese values成分：主语谓语宾语宾语补足语句型结构总结：主语＋谓语＋复合宾语（宾语＋补语）小结：从以上的练习中可知英语中的句子成分包括：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补语二、句子成分和基本句型精讲（一）、句子成分：1、主语: 说明句子所谈的是：“什么人”或“什么物”，主语通常由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。
EG:Lucy likes her new car very much. 露西喜欢她的新车。
【名词作主语】He goes to and from schoolby bike every day.他每天都起得很早。
(代词作主语)To learn English well is a challenge.学好英语是一项挑战性工作。
【不定式短语作主语】2、谓语: 说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，英语中谓语只能用动词充当。
例如：We work hard.我们努力工作。
The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。
He is like his father. 他像他父亲。
注意：介词不能作谓语，必须与be动词连用，构成系表结构，一起作谓语。
谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。
EG:Music is the utmost pleasure in life.音乐是人生最大的快乐。
As I take each bite, the sweet and mild flavour of the red bean filling slowly fills my mouth.3、宾语: 宾语是动作的对象。
由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当，说明主语做“什么”。
EG:Tom bought a story-book.汤姆买了一本故事书。
高中英语2024届高考考点讲解与练习(非谓语动词作定语+非谓语动词作状语+非谓语动词作宾语补足语)
高考英语语法考点讲解与练习一、非谓语动词作定语【知识要点】1、非谓语动词包括四种：-to do不定式，-ing分词，-ed分词和动名词。
（重点为前三种）2、非谓语动词的词性及句法功能①-to do不定式相当于名词、形容词和副词，可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语；②-ing分词相当于形容词和副词，可以在句子中充当表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语；③-ed分词相当于形容词和副词，可以在句子中充当表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语；④动名词相当于名词，可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。
3、前三种非谓语动词的形式与意义① -ing分词的基本意义为：主动或进行，变形有：进行式：doing被动式：being done完成式：having done完成被动式：having been done②-to do不定式的基本意义为：主动将来，变形有：进行式：to be doing被动式：to be done完成式：to have done完成被动式：to have been done③-ed分词表示被动或完成。
4、非谓语动词作定语由于三种非谓语动词都具有形容词的性质，所以它们都可以在句子中充当定语，并根据其在被修饰的名词中心词的前后位置，分为前置定语和后置定语两种。
the falling leaves （-ing分词作前置定语，“正在下落的叶子”）the leaves falling in the sky （-ing分词短语作后置定语，“正在空中下落的叶子”）the coming/following day （-ing分词作前置定语，“第二天”）the day to come （-to do分词短语作后置定语，“第二天”）the fallen leaves （-ed分词作前置定语，“已经落地的叶子/落叶”）the house burnt to the ground （-ed分词短语作后置定语，“被烧成废墟的房子”）【练习】单句语法填空1.Looking at the ______ (fall) leaves in the sky, he knows the fall is coming.2.Seeing the ______ (fall) leaves on the ground, he decided to do some sweeping first before sitting down to have a rest.3.It is said that the building ______ (build) here next year will be completed within one year.4.It is said that the building ______ (build) here now will be completed within one year.5.It is said that the building ______ (build) here last year will be rebuilt soon.6.The gentleman ______ (seat) next to Tom is his best friend.7.The gentleman ______ (sit) next to Tom is his best friend.8.The room was in a mass, with those ______ (break) furniture.9.The purely white snow looks like a beautiful blanket ______ (cover) the land.10.The police have got enough evidence ______ (prove) that he is guilty.11.Turn to the right and you will see a wide road ______ (lead) up to the building.12.If you get the first place, you will win an all expenses ______ (pay) journey.13.All the ______ (question) people supported the government’s latest policy.14.You should keep well the books ______ (borrow) from the library.15.Can those people ______ (seat) at the back hear me?二、非谓语动词作状语【知识要点】非谓语动词作状语由于三种非谓语动词都具有副词的性质，所以它们都可以在句子中充当状语。
高考英语语法形容词和副词专题讲解练习含答案
形容词、副词的基本用法(一)形容词是表示事物特征和性质的词类，通常在句中作表语、宾语补足语、定语等。
1．形容词主要在下列动词后作宾语补足语：(1)表示感觉的动词，如：feel, find, see等。
►She felt the palm of his hand wet with sweat.她感觉他的手掌被汗水湿透了。
(2)表示致使的动词，如：get, have, leave, make, set, turn等。
►He got his shoes and socks wet.他把鞋袜都弄湿了。
2．形容词有时也可作状语表示伴随或结果，通常用来说明主语的情况，表示主语的状态、性质、特征等，并不表示动作的方式。
►They started the experiment, hopeful for success.他们开始作实验，相信一定会成功。
(二)副词表示动作、状态、特征等的性质(方式、程度、数量等)，或指出动作和状态的发生或存在的状况，因此副词的语法意义是多样的，副词在句中主要作状语，也可作表语、定语、宾语补足语。
1．作状语是副词的主要句法功能，作状语时它修饰动词、形容词和其他副词。
►He looked tired, so deathly tired.他看起来累了，累得要死。
2．有些副词还可以作连词，作副词时常放在句末，有时也可位于句首或句中。
►He is old. He works hard, though.＝Though he is old, he works hard.虽然他年事已高，但他工作还是很努力。
常见连接副词的用法：3.等。
►Fortunately, he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA.幸运的是，他没被淹死，被解放军救了。
形容词、副词表示倍数的句型1．A is (v.)＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B2．A is (v.)＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B3．A is (v.)＋倍数＋the＋名词(size, length, height 等)＋of＋B4．A is (v.)＋倍数＋that＋of＋B5．A is (v.)＋倍数＋as many/much＋名词＋as＋B6．A is (v.)＋倍数＋what 引导的名词性从句►This building is two times higher than that one.＝This building is three times as high as that one.＝This building is three times the height of that one.这个建筑物是那个建筑物的3倍高。
高考英语语法填空讲解及巩固练习
高考英语语法填空讲解语法填空考察方向分析：1、给出单词的空：常考时态和被动语态，形容词的比较级和最高级，非谓语动词（动词不定时表示将要和目的，现在分词作主语或者后置定语，过去分词做后置定语）2、未给出词汇的空，主要的考察方向为冠词、从句的连接词（定语从句的that,which,who.whoever,when等，状语从句的before,after,until,unless，even if/though等，同位语从句，宾语从句等）、不定代词others,反身代词介词，情态动词等。
3.句子成分分析在语法填空中尤为重要，准确地找出主句，从句，插入语部分肢解高考语法填空，层层攻破一、所给词为动词的考虑方向（一）句中缺少谓语，空处为被动语态或者时态的变化各种时态的的形式和被动语态1.If our time (employ) usefully,it will either turn out some useful and important piece of work which will fetch its price in the market.2.The precious hours of childhood and youth, if properly used, (supply) us with incalculable advantages.3.Chains (attach) to the rings so the trainers can control the animals,which weigh up to 350kilogram,with only a slight pull on the chains.4.By then a nurse (arrive), and was attending to the woman.5.References (find) in Chinese texts that are dated as far back as 3000 BC.6.Garlic’s popularity began to decline in the early years of the twentieth century, but its reputation7. (restore) in recent years.8.The new Disney movie (release) on March 4.10.If you have kids,and they (not see) this film yet,it’s safe to say they will enjoy it.11.The 10-seater plane crashed as it (land) in Butte in March 2017.12.The National Transportation Safety Board is asking regulators to require all passengers to have their own seats and seat belt ,including children under the age of 2, who (allow) to sit on an adult’s lap now.13.After many hours of waiting patiently in the hall of the nursing home, she (smile) Sweetly when told her the room was ready.14.Stanley Hayes Munro is a toothpick engineer,who (hook) by toothpick model since he built his first sculpture in school.15.If a person receives poor service from a store, he probably (avoid) shopping there in the future.16.So far,popular games,like Grand Theft Auto (blame) for everything from falling results at school to causing acts of extreme violence.17.I guess I (hook) because this spring I was back in the woods searching for more.18.By the time I (spot) him, he was flying deep into the woods.19.Data shows the majority of women who smoke (try) to quit if they find out theyare pregnant.20.If we can show these children that there are other options,we hope they(not persuade) to join the gang.21.Barditch High school decided to have an All-School Reunion. Ms.Mabel Yates, the English teacher for fifty years, (wheel) to the park.22. In the UK,technologies like this (help) achieve a 31% drop in vehicle-related crimes since 1997.23. It (predict) that relationships and traditional household structure will be transformed as women are earning more money than their male partners.cator Mr Willetts said there was clear evidence from school that boys are ‘lagging behind’, And (overtake), to some people’s surprise,by female students at university.25.Then it hit me---- why would she not want to tell me about what she (do)?26.In recent years,stress (regard) a cause of a whole range of medical problems,from high blood pressure to mental illness.（二）句中含有谓语，空处考虑非谓语动词to do, doing,done常考点：to do表示目的和将来，做主语、表语、宾语等，doing做主语，表语等，做后置定语（逻辑主语与分词之间是主动关系，动作的发出者），done做前置和后置定语（逻辑主语和分词是被动关系）动名词的时态和语态有些词后只能接动名词Have difficulty/trouble doing sth做某事有困难permit doing sth允许做某事admit doing sth承认做某事keep doing sth一直做某事Mean to do sth打算做某事mean doing sth意味着做Finish doing sth完成做某事deny doing sth否认做某事Risk doing sth 冒险做某事enjoy doing sth做某事Advise/suggest doing sth建议做某事practice doing练习做某事Avoid doing sth避免做某事imagine doing sth想象做某事Envy doing sth 羡慕做某事require doing sth=require to be done Mind doing sth介意做某事appreciate doing sth感谢，感激做某事object to sth/doing sth反对做某事can’t help doing sth情不自禁做某事Subject oneself to sth 使服从于，受制于adapt oneself to sth/doing sth适应... Adjust oneself to sth/doing sth调整以适应.... Hate doing sth讨厌做某事Resort to 诉诸....... Excuse doing sth找借口做某事Turn to sb for help向某人求助amount to/add up to总计，到达.... Take to sb/sth/doing sth：养成某种习惯，嗜好....，对...产生好感，轻易学会，照管，照料开始从事submit to 服从于，屈服于，投降get down to doing sth着手做某事Respond/react/reply to.... 对...做出回应/反应/回复Correspond to与....一致，符合Attend to倾听，听取，照顾，照料，专心于，致力于（attend to one’s advice听取某人的意见，attend to customers招呼好顾客, attend to one’s duties 尽职）refer to指的是look forward to sth/doing sth盼望.... Lead to 导致give birth to生孩子，产生，造成Be exposed to sth被暴露于，接触.... give rise to引起，导致Have access to游进入，使用....的权利approach to学习...的途径，处理...的方法，接近，靠近，通往....的方法Pay attention to注意show mercy to同情，怜悯...Be related to 与...相关be relevant to与....相关Be equal to等于，能胜任bid farewell to sb想某人告别Owe to 由于; owe sth to sb把某事儿归功于某人thanks to幸亏Due to 由于with regard to 至于，关于，对于考虑到Contribute oneself to sth/doing sth为...做贡献make contributions to sth/doing sth Devote oneself to sth/doing sth投身于be devoted to sth/doing sthBe absorbed in....专心致力于..... Be engaged in参与，从事于，忙于Be heavily involved in全神贯注于.... Bury oneself in sth/doing sth ....专心致力于.... Focus on聚焦于，专注于concentrate on集中精力与....Be occupied with sth, be occupied in doing sth忙于做某事be busy with sth, be busy in doing sth忙于做某事Get down to sth/doing sth开始认真注意或对待某事,着手认真做某事Bend oneself to sth/doing致力于，热心从事，竭力做be addicted to sth/doing sth沉迷于Commit oneself to sth/doing sth，be committed to sth/doing sth全身心投入．．．，承诺．．．．．．非谓语动词之分词分词作后置定语不定式的时态语态：1.But (expose) to high levels of such conflict generally isn’t going to be good for children.2.And they are taught all along (rely) on themselves for everything.3.I have never cared for counting toothpicks,wasting toothpicks, or the number of toothpicks(use) in any construction.4.Her husband of 70 years passed away, (make) the move necessary.st decade,the FAA considered changing the rule, but decided against it, (refer) to statistics from 2004.6.The film is also funny,smart, beautifully animated, (fill) with great characters.7.He dropped out of high school following his third year,eventually (earn) his general equivalency diploma.8.DiCaprio’s persistence in reaching the event after encountering two plane delays caused Prime Minister (describe) himself as a “real man”.9.At the 2016 Oscar Ceremony, DiCaprio’s (win) the award foe Best Actor impressed all the audience present.10.It is the most urgent threat (face)our entire species,and we need to work collectively together.11. (escape) the pain, the bears alternate lifting up one paw and then another while music is played.12.The bears also suffer with an inadequate diet usually (consist) of white bread, sugar and cheap fruit juices.13. (fall) over in front of everyone isn’t much fun.14.Gate formed Microsoft with Paul Alien in 1975 (develop)software for personal computers.15.He suggested that e-cigarettes may be a useful tool for adults (try) to end their tobacco use, or quit.16.I also took time (learn) their songs and calls.17.Even more impressive, some cosmetically--minded cultures still create makeup(use) the same techniques (originate) in Egypt thousands of years ago.18. But the stones (employ) to make flour for bread brought a lot of sand to their diet, which damaged their teeth.19. Customers don’t usually find store clerks (sit) around watching TV or plat cards.20.Some people think that (absorb) in virtual reality does great harm to us.21.Studies also shown that the skills (use) in playing games can cause growth in certain area of brain, the ability (think) in 3D and even improve eyesight.22. The physician Hippocrates used garlic in ancient Greece (treat) infection.23. Drugs are smuggled into country by (organize) groups.24. I can see that you have all been successful in your (choose) path.25. And key theft is responsible for 40% of thefts of vehicles fitted with (tract) system.26. Staff at the center then will contact the owner (confirm) that the car is really missing.27. (earn) some money to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local caféas a waiter.28.In 2010, it was estimated that about 400 village shops closed, (urge) the local government to give financial support to struggling shops or set-up new community stores.29.As I back into my car, I saw the same lady (look) in at me.30. (shock), I took it from her automatically. She smiled and walked away.31.He has a constant urge (check) for text messages, he checks his phone every five minutes!32. (wonder) how my mum consume them so quickly----we were always suddenly out of something.33. Was she worried how I would react or that I would stop (buy) the groceries if I find out?34. Do you getting impatient of (annoy) with people over unimportant things?35. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (get) ill.强化练习一、单项训练1. _____ in thought while looking at the picture, she didn’t hear the knock at the door.A. LosingB. LostC. To loseD. To be lost2. About 800,000 employees were forced to stay at home without _____ during the governmentshutdown.A. being paidB. paidC. payingD. to be paid3. Sometimes you see a small thing to one side of you, which seems _____ if you turn your headin its direction.A. disappearedB. disappearingC. to be disappearD. to disappear4. _____ in the sun for such a long time, the photo turned yellow.A. Being exposedB. Having exposedC. ExposingD. Having been exposed5. According to the program of transforming Mars, by the year 2185 cities _____ on Mars.A. will have establishedB. will have been establishedC. will establishD. will be established6. He is wearing a pair of glasses with a mini-camera _____ in the frame recording everythinghe sees.A. hiddenB. being hiddenC. hidingD. which hides7. Jerry doesn't have much free time and he really wants to learn something, so I suggest him_____ e-learning.A. to tryingB. to tryC. should tryD. trying8. On Oct 15, 2003, China became the third country _____ a man into space, after US andRussia.A. sendingB. to sendC. to have sentD. having sent9. Red Planet is a 2000 science fiction film about transforming Mars. _____ on 10 November2000, it was a critical and commercial failure.A. ReleasedB. Being releasedC. Having releasedD. It was released10 ______ that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.A. Not realizeB. Not to realizeC. Not realizingD. Not having realized11. Fishing boats with huge nets sometimes take too many of the same species of fish from asmall area, ______ some ocean waters to be over-fished.A. causedB. to have causedC. to causeD. causing12. Having lost her job and not having any children to care about her, the poor old lady wasreduced ____________ to make a living.A. to begB. to beggingC. beggingD. and begged二、篇章训练阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为16—25的相应位置上。
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高考英语语法专题复习一、冠词The Article知识要点：冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。
冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The definite Article）两种。
a (an) 是不定冠词，a 用在辅音之前：如a book, a man; an用在元音之前，如：an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。
the是定冠词。
一、不定冠词的用法1、指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）。
这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。
如：She is a girl.I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple.2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。
如：He borrowed a story-book from the library.A Wang is looking for you. 一位姓王的同志正在找你。
3、表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。
如：I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes.4、用于某些固定词组中。
如：a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of,a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。
5、用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍——a + 抽象名词，起具体化的作用。
如：This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。
It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。
It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会，对我来说是一种荣誉。
二、定冠词的用法：1、特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。
这是定冠词the的基本用法。
如：Beijing is the capital of China.The pen on the desk is mine.2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。
如：Where is the teacher?Open the window, please.3、指上文提过的人或事物（第二次出现）。
如：There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms.The baby was thin.4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。
如：the earth, the moon, the sun.5、用在序数词和形容词最高级前。
（副词最高级前的定冠词可省略）如：He is always the first to come to school.Bob is the tallest in his class.6、用在某些专有名词前（由普通名词构成的专用名词）。
如：the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Science Museum, the Children’s Palace, the Party等。
7、用在一些习惯用语中。
如：on the day, in the morning (afternoon, evening), the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the next year, by the way等。
8、用在江河湖海、山脉前。
如：the Yellow River, the Pacific Ocean, the Alps, the Himalayas9、用在报刊、杂志前。
如：the People’s Daily, the Evening Paper, the Times 泰晤士报。
10、表示某一家人要加定冠词。
如：The Browns are at home to receive visitors today. 布朗一家今天要接待客人。
11、用在形容词前，表某一类人。
如：the poor, the wounded, the living, the dead, the rich, the sick等。
12、定冠词可以表示一事物内部的某处。
如：The driver always sits in the front of the bus(car).三、零冠词（即不用冠词）：1、专用名词和不可数名词前。
如：China, America, Grade One, Class Two, milk, oil, water, paper, science等。
2、名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, some, any等代词。
如：Go down this street.3、复数名词表示一类人或事物时。
如：We are students.I like reading stories.4、节日、日期、月份、季节前。
如：Teachers’ Day, Children’s Day, National Day, in summer, in July等。
Today is New Year’s Day.It is Sunday.March 8 is Women’s Day.5、在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前，尤其作表语、宾补时。
如：What’s the matter, Granny?We elected him monitor.6、在某些习惯用语中的名词前。
如：at noon, at night, at first, at last, at most, at least, by bus(train, air,sea), in bed, in time, in front of, go to school, go to bed, go to college, on foot, at table, in ink, in pencil等。
7、在三餐饭和球类运动前。
如：She goes to school after breakfast every morning.We are going to play football.We usually have lunch at school.8、科目前不加。
如：We learn Chinese, maths, English and some other subjects.【专项训练】：1、We can’t live without air.A．an B．×C．the D．some2、——Have you seen pen? I left it here this morning.——Is it black one? I think I saw it somewhere.A．a; the B．the; the C．the; a D．a; a3、I’ve been waiting for him for hour and half.A．×; ×B．the; a C．a; the D．an; a4、What fine weather we have today!A．a B．×C．some D．an5、Have you ever seen as tall as this one?A．a tree B．such tree C．an tree D．tree6、Children usually go to school at age of six.A．×; the B．a; an C．the; ×D．the; the7、Himalayas is highest mountain in world.A．×; the;×B．The; the; the C．A; a; a D．×;×;×8、They each have __book. Li Hua’s is about writer. Wang Lin’s is onscience.A．a; a; ×B．the; ×; the C．×; the; ×D．a; the; a9、Physics is science of matter and energy.A．The; ×B．×; ×C．×; the D．A; a10、sun rises in east and sets in west.A．A; an; a B．The;×;× C．The; the; the D．A; the; a11、Many people agree that__knowledge of English is a must in international trade today.A．a;×B．the; an C．the; the D．×; the12、__Mr Jones called while you were out (neither of us knows this man). He wasin badtemper. A．×;a B．A;×C．The; the D．A; a13、They were at dinner then. It was delicous one.A．a; the B．×;×C．×;a D．a; a14、what kind of car do you want to buy?A．×B．the C．a D．an15、Alice is fond of playing piano while Henry is interested in listening tomusic.A．×; the B．×;×C．the; ×D．the; the16、Beyond stars, the astronaut saw nothing but space.A．the; ×B．×; the C．×;×D．the; the17、Alexander Graham Bell invented telephone in 1876.A．×B．a C．the D．one18、——Where’s Jack?——I think he’s still in bed, but he might just be in bathroom.A．×;×B．the; the C．the; ×D．×; the19、Many people are still in habit of writing silly things in public places.A．the; the B．×;×C．the; ×D．×; the20、——I’d like information about the management of your hotel, please.——Well, you could have word with the manager. He might be helpful.A．some; a B．an; some C．some; some D．an; a【答案】：1、B air是不可数名词。