4 级考前最新命制试卷一

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四级预测试卷（第一套）试题及答案解析

四级预测试卷（第⼀套）试题及答案解析四级预测试卷（第⼀套）Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief account of parents’ trying to meet all thedemands from their children and then explain the harm by doing so. You should write atleast 120 words but no more than 180 words._____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation andthe questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause,you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Thenmark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.1. A) It’s tedious. C) It’s justifiable.B) It’s absurd. D) It’s understandable.2. A) Jazz. C) Classical music.B) Rock and roll. D) Country music.3. A) She was afraid of the professor.B) She lost her key and couldn’t enter her house.C) She didn’t make full preparations for her lessons.D) She was blamed by the professor for her carelessness.4. A) She is a little tired. C) She wants to listen to the music.B) She is going to study in the library. D) She is going to make a reservation.5. A) Not to wait for him. C) To get her report back.B) To clean up her room. D) Not to fetch the raincoat.6. A) Two. B) Four. C) Eight. D) Twelve.7. A) He is a rather tedious person. C) He doesn’t have a healthy diet.B) He has just left the hospital. D) He is a better cook than the woman.8. A) The train is late. C) The train is crowded.B) The train is empty. D) The train is on time.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A) Get a traveler’s check. C) Ask the man for financial advice.B) Draw a large amount of money. D) Open some bank accounts.10. A) Daily expenses. C) Holidays and travel expenses.B) Big expenses. D) Education fee.11. A) Her ID card and passport. C) Her social security number.B) Her personal references. D) Her cover letter.12. A) A salesman. C) A bank clerk.B) A real estate agent. D) A consultant.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.13. A) A recording artist. C) A student.B) A French teacher. D) A teaching assistant.14. A) It needs more French lesson tapes.B) It needs to have its controls repaired.C) It is different from all the other laboratories.D) It can be operated rather easily.15. A) Change her class schedule. C) Organise tapes on the shelves.B) Fill out a job application form. D) Work on the French lessons.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) She had run a long way. C) She had done a lot of work.B) She felt hot in the subway. D) She had donated blood the night before.17. A) By lifting her to the platform. C) By pulling her along the ground.B) By helping her rise to her feet. D) By dragging her away from the edge.18. A) When the train was leaving.B) After she was back on the platform.C) After the police and fire officials came.D) When a man was cleaning the blood from her head.19. A) They would miss their train. C) She was sure Lisa was hard to lift.B) He didn’t see the train coming.D) She was afraid the train would kill him.Passage TwoQuestions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.20. A) In Suva. C) On the island of Vatoa.B) In Sydney. D) On the island of Viti Levu.21. A) Its comfortable hotels. C) Its exciting football matches.B) Its good weather all year round. D) Its religious beliefs.22. A) They invented “Fiji time” for visitors.B) They stick to a traditional way of life.C) They like to travel from place to place.D) They love taking adventures abroad.Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23. A) Staying on the farm. C) Moving to the countryside.B) Leaving home for the city. D) Running away from the school.24. A) He is very old now. C) He lives in the city now.B) He is in good health. D) He prefers driving a car.25. A) Describe his life in the countryside. C) Show an interest in the outside world.B) Persuade people to live in the city. D) Express his opinions about way of life.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you arerequired to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is readfor the third time, you should check what you have written.Thirty years ago, anyone blaming loneliness for physical illness would have been laughed at. But as scientistsstudied different populations, loneliness kept emerging as a risk factor. In one study, California researchers 26. ________ 4, 700 residents of Alameda County for ten years, starting in 1965. At first, the participants reported their key sources of companionship and estimated the time they 27. ________ each other. During the study, the people who reported the least social 28. ________ died at nearly three times the rate of those reporting the most. The source of companionship didn’t matter, but time spent with others was 29. ________. Since then, researchers have studied men, women, soldiers, and students from countries all over the world. And the same pattern keeps 30. ________. Women who say they feel isolated go on to die of cancer at several times the 31. ________ rate. College students who report “strained and cold” relationships with their parents suffer 32. ________ rates of hypertension (⾼⾎压) and heart disease decades later. Heart-attack survivors who happen to live by themselves die at twice the rate of those who live with others. For those of us who are still healthy, the lesson should be obvious. It’s clear that 33. ________ others can help our bodies thrive. It’s equally clear that we’re growing more isolated. In 1900, only 5% of US households 34. ________ one person living alone. The 35. ________ reached 13% in 1960, and it stands at 25% today.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefullybefore making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark thecorresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You maynot use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.Managers need to find ways to give their employees a lift to improve their morale(⼠⽓). That’s where team-building exercises and other spiritual encouragement can come into 36 . The theory is that a trust-building game, a wilderness adventure, a cooking class or even full-contact chocolate bingo (宾果游戏) — yes, it exists —will help 37 teamwork, bring cheer and thus encourage everyone to work harder and better together.Yes, promoting teamwork is 38 . Getting everyone together for a shared activity can improve team spirit. But, too often, formal team-building programs 39 only minor, short-lived improvements in encouragement or performance.Still, employers do need to support teamwork, 40 in bad climate. The 41 news is that what works is often fairly simple and inexpensive. The key to improving morale, several experts said, is understanding what 42 to your workers.Curbing executive perks(津贴) and salaries can also go a long way toward building morale, according to Professor Kets de Vries. It is 43 unlikely that workers of car factories got much of a lift watching their industry’s top executives take private jets to Washington in November to ask for financial aid. “If you get paid 500 times what the 44 worker is paid, that is ridiculous,”Professor Kets de Vries said. “Don’t be 45 . Great organizations are team-based.”Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the informationis derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Shirley Temple: A walk on the bright sideA) There had to be a dark side to Shir ley Temple’s life. Biographers and interviewers scrabbled around to find it. Theadorable dancing, singing, curly-haired moppet (⼩⼥孩), the world’s top-earning star from 1935 to 1938, surely shed tears once the cameras were off. Her little feet surely ached. Perhaps, like the heroine of “Curly Top”, she was marched upstairs to bed afterwards by some thin-lipped harridan (恶妇), and the lights turned resolutely off.B) Not a bit of it. She loved it all, both then and years later, when the cuteness had gone but the dimples (酒窝)remained. Hadn’t her mother pushed her into it? No, just encouraged her, and wrapped her round with affection, including fixing her 56 ringlets every night and gently making her repeat her next day’s lines until sleep crept up on her. Hadn’t she been punished cruelly while making her “Baby Burlesks”, when she was three? Well, she had been sent several times to the punishment box, which was dark and had only a block of ice to sit on. But that taught her discipline so that, by the age of four, she would “always hit the mark”— and, by the age of six, be able to match the great Bill “Bojangles” Robinson tap-for-tap down the grand staircase in “The Little Colonel”. C) To some it seemed a stolen childhood, with eight feature films to her name in 1934, her breakthrough year, alone.Not to her, when Twentieth-Century Fox (born out of struggling Fox Studios that year on her glittering name alone) built her a little bungalow (平房) on the lot, with a rabbit pen and a swing in a tree. She had a bodyguard and a secretary, who by 1934 had to answer 4,000 fan-letters a week. But whenever she wanted to be a tomboy, she was. In the presidential garden at Hyde Park she hit Eleanor Roosevelt on the bottom with her catapult (弹⼸), for which her father spanked her.D) The studios were full of friends: Orson Welles, with whom she played croquet, Gary Cooper, who did colouringwith her, and the kind camera crews. She loved the strong hands that passed her round like a mascot (吉祥物), and the soft laps on which she was p lumped down (J. Edgar Hoover’s being the softest). The miniature (微型) costumes thrilled her, especially her sailor outfit in “Captain January”, in which she could sashay (神⽓活现地⾛) and jump even better; as did her miniature Oscar in 1935, the only one ever awarded to somebody so young.Grouchy Graham Greene mocked her as “a complete totsy”, but no one watching her five different expressions while eating a forkful of spinach in “Poor Little Rich Girl” doubted that she could act. She did pathos and fierce determination (jutting out thatlittle chin!), just as well as she did smiles.E) Her face was on the Wheaties box. It was also on the special Wheaties blue bowl and pitcher, greeting people atbreakfast like a ray of morning sunshine. Advertisers adored her, from General Electric to Lux soap to Packard cars. After “Stand up and Cheer!” in 1934 dolls appeared wearing her polka-dot dress, and after “Bright Eyes”the music for “The Good Ship Lollipop” was on every piano, as well as everyone’s brains: “Where bon-bons play/ On the sunny beach of Peppermint Bay.”F) Her parents did not tell her there was a Depression on. They mentioned only good things to her. FranklinRoosevelt declared more than once that “America’s Little Darling” made the country feel better, and that pleased her, because she loved to make people happy. She had no idea why they should be otherwise. Her films were all about the sweet child bringing grown-ups back together, emptying misers’ pockets and melting frozen hearts.Like the dog star Rin Tin Tin, to whom she cheerfully compared herself, she was the bounding, unwitting antidote (抵消不愉快事物的事物) to the bleakness of the times.A toss of curlsG) She was as vague about money as any child would, and should, be. Her earnings by 1935 were more than $1,000(now $17,000) a week—from which she was allowed about $13 a month in pocket money—and by the end of her career had sailed past $3m (now $29m). But when she found out later that her father had taken bad financial advice, and that only $44,000 was left in the trusts, she did not blame him. She remembered the motto about spilt milk, and got on with her life.H) Things appeared to dive sharply after 1939, when her teenage face—the darker, straighter hair, the troubledlook—failed to be a box-office draw. She missed the lead in “The Wizard of Oz”, too. She shrugged it off; it meant she could go to a proper school for the first time, at Westlake, which was just as exciting as making movies. By 1950 she had stopped making films altogether; well, it was time. She couldn’t do innocence any more, and that was what the world still wanted. Her first husband was a drunk and a disaster, but the marriage brought her “something beautiful”, her daughter Susan. The second marriage, anyway, lasted 55 years. She lost a race for Congress in 1967: but when that door closed another opened, as an ambassador to Ghana and Czechoslovakia. Breast cancer was a low point, but she learned to cope with it, and helped others to cope. “I don’t like to do negatives,” she told Michael Parkinson. “There are always pluses to things.”I) In the films, her sparkling eyes and chubby (胖乎乎的) open arms included everyone; one toss of her shiny curlswas an invitation to fun. Her trademark was, it turned out, that rare thing in the world, and rarer still in Hollywood: a genuine smile of delight.46. Making movies didn’t deprive Shirley Tem ple of a happy childhood.47. Shirley Temple didn’t blame her father for the huge loss of money she earned.48. Franklin Roosevelt said Shirley Temple helped the US through the Depression.49. After a failed marriage, Shirley Temple had a successful second marriage that lasted 55 years.50. Many companies chose young Shirley Temple as their advertising spokesperson.51. From 1935 to 1938, Shirley Temple was the highest-earning movie star in the world.52. A genuine smile of light is a distinctive characteristic of Shirley Temple.53. Shirley Temple was the only child star who was given a miniature Oscar.54. Three-year-old Shirley Temple learned to control her behaviour after being punished several times.55. Shirley Temple tried to stay positive while overcoming breast cancer.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on thebest choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.We know that some people are dealt a genetically more difficult hand when it comes to obesity, as studies have shown that genes play a role in how we process high-fat and high-sugar diets. Now it’s time to cross fried foods off that list, if you haven’t already.Of course, fried food isn’t good for anyone’s health. But a new study published in the journal BMJ found that eating fried food interacts with genes associated with obesity and can double one’s risk for becoming obese.The researchers studied 37,000 men and women, and had them fill out questionnaires that asked how often they consumed fr ied food. They also assessed the participants’ genetic risk based on 32 different gene variants known to be related to body mass index (BMI) and obesity. Participants who had the highest genetic score for obesity and ate fried foods four or more times a week had a BMI around two pounds greater than those who ate fried foods once a week. But for people with the lowest genetic scores, the differences were closer to one pound. Eating fried food more than four times a week had twice the effect on the body for people at the greatest genetic risk for obesity.But not being genetically predisposed (预先有倾向的) to obesity hardly makes one immune. Another recent study published in BMJ reports that people who are exposed to a lot of takeaway restaurants around their homes or work are more likely to consume those foods, and subsequently more likely to be obese. Other research has shown that food deserts — places where fresh food is hard to come by — contribute to the obesity epidemic as well.“This work provides formal proof of interaction between a combined genetic risk score and environment in obesity,” Ale xandra Blakemore and Dr. Jessica Buxton, professors at Imperial College London wrote in a corresponding editorial. But they’re not exactly hopeful that this knowledge will made a difference. The results “are unlikely to influence public health advice,” they write, “since most of us should be eating fried food more sparingly anyway.”56. What does the author mean by saying “some people are dealt a genetically more difficult hand when it comes to obesity”?A) Some people genetically like high-fat diets.B) Genes play a role in obesity.C) Genes affect the digestive system.D) Some people feel difficult to become obese.57. What do we know about the study published in the journal BMJ?A) It discovered 32 different gene variants related to body mass index.B) The participants studied by the researchers have high genetic risk for obesity.C) It showed the higher genetic risk for obesity people have, the more fried food they consume.D) It studied the relationship between fried food and people’s genetic risk for obesity.58. Which of the following statement is true according to the passage?A) It is much more harmful for people at the greatest genetic risk for obesity to eat fried foods than others.B) Those who are not genetically predisposed to obesity would have no harm to eat fried foods.C) The purpose of the study published in the journal BMJ is to find out how often people consume fried foods.D) People in draught and desert areas are more likely to consume fried foods.59. Which of the following is the factor that would lead to obesity?A) A lack of fried foods. C) Availability of fresh food.B) Genetic risk for obesity. D) Body mass index.60. What do Alexandra Blakemore and Dr. Jessica Buxton think about the studies’ findings?A) They are ridiculous. C) They have little influence.B) They are subjective. D) They are big breakthroughs.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Wild elephants can distinguish between human languages, and they can tell whether a voice comes from a man, woman or boy, a new study says. That’s what researchers found when they played recordings of people for elephants in Kenya. Scientists say this is an advanced thinking skill that other animals haven’t shown. It lets elephants figure out who is a threat and who isn’t.The result shows that while humans are studying elephants, the clever animals are also studying people and drawing on their famed powers of memory, said study author Karen McComb.“Basically they have developed this very rich knowledge of the humans that they share their habitat with,” said McComb, a professor of animal behaviour and cognition at the University of Sussex in England. “Memory is key. They must build up that knowledge s omehow.”The study was released Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.It’s close but not quite like the Dr. Seuss book, where the empathetic elephant Horton hears so mething that others can’t hear.McComb and colleagues went to Amboseli National Park in Kenya, where hundreds of wild elephants live among humans, sometimes coming in conflict over scarce water. The scientists used voice recordings of Maasai men, who on occasion kill elephants in confrontations over grazing for cattle, and Kamba men, who are less of a threat to the elephants.By about a two-to-one margin, the elephants reacted defensively — retreating and gathering in a bunch — more to the Maasai language recording because it was associated with the more threatening human tribe, said study co-author Graeme Shannon of Colour ado State University. “They are making such a fine-level discrimination usinghuman language skills,” Shannon said. “They’re able to acquire quite detailed knowledge. The only way of doing this is with an exceptionally large brain.”They repeated the experiment with recordings of Maasai men and women. Since women almost never spear elephants, the animals reacted less to the women’s voices. The same thing happened when they substituted young boys’ voices.“Making this kind of fine distinctions in human voice patterns is quite remarkable,” said Emory University animal cognition expert Frans de Waal, who was not part of the study.61. What can we know about the ability to distinguish between human languages?A) Scientists believe it is unique to humans.B) Animals have learnt such ability from humans.C) No animal except wild elephants have developed it.D) Studies show that wild animals are born with such ability.62. Which of the following is not true about the study mentioned in the passage?A) It shows wild elephants can hear something that others can’t hear.B) It was conducted in Amboseli National Park in Kenya.C) It involved playing recordings of people for wild elephants.D) It was made public in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.63. Who were the people taking part in the study?A) Frans de Waal and Karen McComb. C) Dr. Seuss and Graeme Shannon.B) Graeme Shannon and Frans de Waal. D) Karen McComb and Graeme Shannon.64. How did the elephants feel of young boys’ voices?A) They are extremely exciting. C) They are less threatening.B) They are very depressing. D) They are gentle and kind.65. What can wild elephants benefit from their special ability?A) Identifying and avoiding possible danger.B) Evolving much faster than any other animals.C) Having a better understanding of humans.D) Developing their language skills.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.莫⾔是第⼀位获得诺贝尔⽂学奖的中国籍作家。

2023年12月英语四级考试真题及答案第1套

2023年12月四级真题（第1套）注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Part ⅡListening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A．, B．, C． andD．, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1. A． The woman is fussy about the cleanness of the apartment.B． He has not cleaned the apartment since his mother's visit.C． He does not remember when his mother canoe over.D． His mother often helps him to clean the apartment.2. A． The bus stop is only two minutes' walk.B． The nmning made him short of breath.C． They might as well take the next bus.D． The woman is late by a couple of minutes.3. A． She is suffering a pain in her neck.B． She is likely to replace Miss Smith.C． She has to do extra work for a few days. D． She is quite sick of working overtime.4. A． Change her job.B． Buy a dishwasher.C． Open a flower shop.D． Start her own business.5. A． He forgot where he had left the package. B． He slipped on his way to the post office. C． He wanted to deliver the package himself. D． He failed to do what he promised to do.6. A． The speakers do not agree with each other. B． The woman does not like horror films.C． The man pays for the tickets as a rule.D． The speakers happened" to meet in the cinema.7. A． The woman is just as unlucky as the man. B． The woman is more sensitive than the man. C． The speakers share a common view on love.D． The speakers are unhappy with their marriage.8. A． Preparations for a forum.B． Participants in the forum.C． Organizers of a forum.D． Expectations of the forum.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A． France.B． Scandinavia.C． Russia.D． East Europe.10. A． More women will be promoted in the workplace.B． More women will overcome their inadequacies.C． More women will receive higher education.D． More women will work outside the family.11. A． Try hard to protect women's rights.B． Educate men to respect women more.C． Help women acquire more professional skills.D． Spend more time changing women's attitudes.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A． In a restaurant.B． In a hotel lobby.C． At the man's office.D． At the woman's place.13. A． He is the chief designer of the latest bike model.B． He has completed an overseas market survey.C． He is the Managing Director of Jayal Motors.D． He has just come back from a trip to Africa.14. A． To select the right model.B． To get a good import agent.C． To convince the board members.D． To cut down production costs.15. A． His flexibility.B． His vision.C． His intelligence.D． His determination.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hoar 3 short passages. At tho end of each passage, you will hoar some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose tho best answer from tho four choices marked A．, B．, C．andD．. Then mark tho correspondingletter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through tho centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

四级考前最新命制试卷一参考答案及录音文本

四级考前最新命制试卷一参考答案及录音文本参考答案Part I Writing范文略Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)1. B)2. C)3. D)4. C)5. A)6. B)7. D)8. adding features9. new display technologies10. changePart III Listening Comprehension11. C)12. A)13. B)14. A)15. D)16. C)17. B)18. A)19. A)20. B)21. B)22. A)23. C)24. D)25. C)26. D)27. B)28. D)29. B)30. D)31. B)32. C)33. A)34. B)35. C)36. based37. social38. acquaintances39. agreement40. fundamentally41. include42. connection43. intimate44. this is a much broader subject than that covered under the topic of interpersonal relationships45. Most academic work on relationships focuses on romantic partners in couples46. anything that changes or impacts one member of the relationship will have some level of impact on the othermemberPart IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)47. G)48. L)49. I)50. O)51. C)52. F)53. E)54. A)55. J)56. D)57. C)58. A)59. B)60. D)61. C)62. D)63. B)64. C)65. D)66. A)Part V Cloze67. C)68. D)69. A)70. D)71. B)72. B)73. C)74. A)75. D)76. C)77. A)78. B)79. D)80. A)81. C)82. B)83. A)84. C)85. D)86. B)Part VI Translation87. at a speed of 15 miles per hour88. make sure that she was not late89. that has not been said before90. shouldn’t have gone to the cinema91. There used to be dozens of people录音文本Part III Listening ComprehensionSection A11. W: John must have been joking when he said that he was going to quit his job.M: Don’t be too sure. He told me that his parents had arranged a better job for him.Q: What does the man mean?12. M: Haven’t you heard that Prof. Emerson will act as the new dean of our department?W: Prof. Emerson? He is the last person in the world I’d ever want to see.Q: What does the woman mean?13. M: Honey, you might want to bring your umbrella today. The temperature will drop sharply and it’s going to startraining very hard this afternoon, according to the weatherman.W: But there’s not a cloud in the sky right now. He’s w rong so much of the time.Q: Why doesn’t the woman take the umbrella?14. M: Excuse me, where can I find the apartment manager? I need to see him right now.W: Sorry, I can’t help you. I’m not familiar with this building.Q: What does the woman mean?15. W: Sam won’t be able to play in the basketball game this week.M: Y es. He hurt his knee pretty badly a month ago. I don’t know why he didn’t quit right away.Q: What does the man mean?16. W: I’m so happy to see you back in class again. Three weeks is a long-time.M: I really had a great time seeing all the sights. There’s nothing like taking it easy once a year.Q: What has the man done for the last three weeks?17. W: I was supposed to meet Tim here nearly 30 minutes ago. I wonder what’s taking him so long.M: He probably forgot about your meeting. He’s so disorganized and forgetful. He never makes any of his appointments.Q: What kind of person is Tim, according to the man?18. M: What a wonderful performance! The marching band has never sounded better.W: Thanks. I guess all those hours of practice are finally paying off.Q: What does the woman mean?Now you will hear the two long conversations.Conversation OneM: I’m never going to shop at Sun Fashion Shop again!W: It’s not one of my favorite sto res either. What happened to you there?M: They were advertising a “Clearance Sale” in front of the shop and I bought two T-shirts for $30. The problem is that the shirts shrank to children’s size after being washed only once!W: Did the shirts have laundry instructions on them?M: Y es, and I followed them exactly.W: Did you try to get your money back from the store?M: Y es, but they said they don’t guarantee their products. I’ll never shop there again!W: That’s why it’s not my favorite store, either. The re are other, better quality stores that will refund your money if there is a problem with one of their products. It’s just not worth taking a chance when stores use so-called “price cutting” techniques to mislead shoppers into buying poor quality products.M: Y eah, they are misleading with their beautiful advertising lies!W: If enough people become aware of their poor quality and their lies in advertising, the store will not be able to stay in business because no one will shop there.M: I hope you’re righ t. Stores like that should not be in business.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. Why did the man shop at Sun Fashion Shop?20. What happened to the T-shirts the man bought after washing?21. What can be learned from the conversation?Conversation TwoM: Hey, Monica. What’s up? Looks like you got some sun this weekend.W: Yeah, I guess so. Y ou know, I spent the weekend at the beach.M: Oh, really? But it’s hard to find a hotel there. Where did you stay?W: An old friend just moved there. She invited me for as long as I wanted to stay.M: So what are you doing back here already? Didn’t you have much fun there?W: Oh, I have a paper to hand in this week, and I just couldn’t concentrate myself on studying at the beach.M: Then what did you do out there, I mean besides lying out in the sun?W: I played some volleyball. Y ou know I never realized how hard it is to run on sand. I couldn’t even get through a whole game before I had to sit down. It’s much easier to run in the we t sand near the water.M: Interesting! Did you go swimming?W: I wanted to, but they said the water isn’t warm enough for that until a couple months from now, so I just waded in the water up to my knees.M: Sounds relaxing. I wish I could get away to the beach like that.W: Maybe next weekend we can go there together.M: That’s great!Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. How did the woman spend the last weekend?23. Why did the woman come home so soon?24. What did the woman do at the beach?25. What will the speakers probably do next weekend?Section BPassage OneWomen are on their way to holding more than half of all American jobs. The latest government report shows that their share of non-farm jobs nearly reached fifty percent in September. Not only have more and more women entered the labor market over the years, but the recession has been harder on men. In October the unemployment rate for men was almost 11 percent compared to 8 percent for women.Industries that traditionally use lots of men have suffered deep cuts. For example, manufacturing and building lost more jobs last month. But health care and temporary employment services have had job growth. Both of those industries employ high percentages of women.Y et a recent study said men still hold about nine out of every ten top positions at the four hundred largestcompanies in California. The results have remained largely unchanged in five years of studies from the University of California, Davis. Also, a new research paper in the journal Sex Roles looks at the experiences of women who are the main earners in their family. Rebecca Meisenbach at the University of Missouri in Columbia interviewed fifteen women. She found they all valued their independence and many enjoyed having the power of control, though not all wanted it.Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. What was the unemployment rate for men in October?27. Which of the following industries employs a high percentage of women?28. What does Rebecca find in her interview?Passage T woThe Statue of Liberty has stood in New Y ork Harbor for more than one hundred years. It was a gift from the people of France in 1884. Its full name is “Liberty Enlightening the World”.The Statue of Liberty is forty-six meters tall from its base. It is made mostly of copper. Throughout history, images of liberty have been represented as a woman. The statue is sometimes called “Lady Liberty”. The Statue of Liberty’s face was created to look like the sculptor’s mother. Her right arm holds a torch with a flame high in the air. Her left arm holds a tablet with the date of the Declaration of Independence —July 4th, 1776. On her head she wears a crown of seven points. Each is meant to represent the light of freedom as it shines on the seven seas and seven continents of the world. Twenty-five windows in the crown represent gemstones found on Earth. A chain that represents oppression lies broken at her feet.Still, the statue was old and becoming dangerous for visitors. In 1982, President Ronald Reagan asked businessman Lee Iacocca to lead a campaign to repair it. The Statue of Liberty-Ellis Island Foundation raised about 100,000,000 dollars in private money to do the work. The repairs included replacing the torch and covering it with Twenty-four carat gold. On July 4th, 1986, New Y ork City celebrated a restored and re-opened Statue of Liberty. Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. What can we learn about the S tatue of Liberty from the passage?30. What do the seven points on the crown represent?31. Why did President Ronald Reagan have the Statue of Liberty repaired in 1982?Passage ThreeThe World Health Statistics Report shows about 9 million children died in 2007 compared to 12. 5 million in 1990. It says many countries are making good progress toward meeting the U. N. Millennium Development Goals of cutting child deaths by two-thirds by 2015.This year’s report focuses on how well countries are doing in reaching eight-stated Millennium Development Goals, including cutting poverty by half and reducing child and maternal mortality. The results are mixed. For example, the report says progress is being made in bringing down child deaths, but there has been little or no movement in maternal and newborn health.It says an estimated 37 percent of deaths among children occur in the first month of life, and most in the first week of life. It says most infant deaths happen in regions where maternal mortality rates are the highest.Coord inator in WHO’s department of Health Statistics and Informatics, Carla Abou-Zahr, says there are a whole range of issues that hold countries back. “Y ou cannot say it is just lack of resources or it is just lack of commitment,” said Abou-Zahr. “Usually ther e are very weak institutions in many of these countries. And, many of them are facing major problems of HIV, which has had a huge impact on especially child mortality, life expectancy in general. So, that is being a factor that is holding back the progress for those countries.”Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. What is the reduced number of dead children from 1990 to 2007?33. In which aspect did many countries fail to make progress, according to the World Health StatisticsReport?34. In what kind of area do most infant deaths happen?35. According to Abou-Zahr, what prevents many countries from reaching the target of cutting child deaths?Section CAn interpersonal relationship is a relatively long-term association between two or more people. This association may be based on emotions like love and liking, regular business interactions, or some other type of social commitment. Interpersonal relationships take place in a great variety of contexts, such as family, friends, marriage, work, clubs, neighborhoods, and acquaintances. They may be regulated by law, custom, or mutual agreement, and are the basis of social groups and society as a whole. Although humans are fundamentally social creatures, interpersonal relationships are not always healthy. Examples of unhealthy relationships include abusive relationships and codependence. A relationship is normally viewed as a connection between two individuals, such as a romantic orintimate relationship, or a parent-child relationship. Individuals can also have relationships with groups of people. Finally, groups or even nations may have relations with each other, though this is a much broader subject than that covered under the topic of interpersonal relationships. See such articles as international relations for more information on associations between groups. Most academic work on relationships focuses on romantic partners in couples. These intimate relationships are, however, only a small subset of interpersonal relationships. All relationships involve some level of interdependence. People in a relationship tend to influence each other, share their thoughts and feelings, and engage in activities together. Because of this interdependence, anything that changes or impacts one member of the relationship will have some level of impact on the other member.。

英语4级考试真题试卷2020

英语4级考试真题试卷2020一、听力理解（Listening Comprehension）Part 1：News Report（新闻报道）Question 1 - 2.听力原文：（此处插入新闻报道的听力原文内容）题目：1. What is the main idea of this news report?- A. [Option A内容]- B. [Option B内容]- C. [Option C内容]- D. [Option D内容]解析：根据听力原文中的关键信息，如[具体提及的关键信息]，可以判断出答案为[正确选项]。

新闻报道主要围绕[概括主要内容]展开，[错误选项分析]不符合原文所表达的意思。

2. According to the news, what will happen next?- A. [Option A内容]- B. [Option B内容]- C. [Option C内容]- D. [Option D内容]解析：从听力中的[相关表述]可以得知，接下来会发生[正确选项内容]。

[错误选项A]是对原文的错误理解，[错误选项B]与原文信息相悖，[错误选项D]在原文中未提及。

Part 2：Long Conversations（长对话）Question 3 - 4.听力原文：（长对话的听力原文）题目：3. What are the two speakers mainly talking about?- A. [Option A内容]- B. [Option B内容]- C. [Option C内容]- D. [Option D内容]解析：在对话中，双方多次提到[与正确选项相关的关键词]，例如[具体例子]，所以答案是[正确选项]。

[错误选项分析]，[错误选项A]只是对话中的一个小细节，并非主要内容；[错误选项B]与对话主题无关；[错误选项D]没有在对话中体现。

4. What does the man think of [特定事物]?- A. [Option A内容]- B. [Option B内容]- C. [Option C内容]- D. [Option D内容]解析：从男士的话语中，如[男士话语中的关键表述]，可以看出他对[特定事物]的看法是[正确选项]。

人力资源师四级真题(2024

2024年11月人力资源管理师国家职业资格四级卷册一职业道德（第1～25题，共25道题）一、职业道德基础理论与学问部分答题指导：◆该部分均为选择题，每题均有四个备选项，其中单项选择题只有一个选项是正确的，多项选择题有两个或两个以上选项是正确的。

◆请依据题意的内容和要求答题，并在答题卡上将所选答案的相应字母涂黑。

◆错选、少选、多选，则该题均不得分。

（一）单项选择题（第1～8题）1、道德与法律的关系可以形象地比作（）。

（Ａ）阴阳相和（Ｂ）鸟之两翼（Ｃ）主仆相随（Ｄ）众星拱月2、在市场经济条件下，从业人员处理义利关系的正确看法是（）。

（Ａ）得利弃义（Ｂ）先义后利（Ｃ）唯利而行（Ｄ）重利轻义3、作为职业活动内在的道德标准，“审慎”要求从业人员做到（）。

（Ａ）凡事请示之后再做（Ｂ）少说多做（Ｃ）以最佳手段实现最优绩效（Ｄ）避开职场陷阱4、“敬业”概念包含的基本内容是（）。

（Ａ）恪尽职守、勤奋努力、享受工作、精益求精（Ｂ）守土有责、勤奋工作、按劳安排、自享其乐（Ｃ）勤奋努力、专心工作、等价交换、劳有所得（Ｄ）酷爱岗位、敬畏工作、一心一意、不求回报5、在工作过程中，员工为求速度、不顾质量的做法违反了（）。

（Ａ）诚恳劳动的要求（Ｂ）公允公正的要求（Ｃ）擅长合作的要求（Ｄ）甘于奉献的要求6、提倡从业人员“换位思索”的道德意义在于（）。

（Ａ）深化了解，严加防范（Ｂ）知己知彼，斗而不殆（Ｃ）把握状况，有效利用（Ｄ）和谐相处，相互双赢7、在职业活动中，“诚信”的特征包括（）。

（Ａ）通识性、才智性、止损性、资质性（Ｂ）目的性、前置性、合作性、功利性（Ｃ）通识性、表象性、目的性、习惯性（Ｄ）通识性、才智性、目的性、阅历性8、从业人员做到“同等待人”，最根本的要求是（）。

（Ａ）无差别地均等（Ｂ）依据相同的程度服务（Ｃ）热忱、文明、礼貌（Ｄ）不其实服务对象的人格（二）多项选择题（第9～16题）9、坚持集体主义的要求是（）。

（Ａ）把集体利益放在第一位（Ｂ）集体利益高于个人利益（Ｃ）为集体利益而放弃个人利益（Ｄ）必要状况下为集体利益而牺牲个人利益10、从业人员践行“勤勉”这一职业活动内在的道德准则的基本要求是（）。

2023年12月大学英语四级第一套真题和答案

12月大学英语四级试题（第一套）。

Part I Writing （30minutes）（请于正式开考后半小时内完毕该部分，之后将进行听力考试）Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay .Suppose you are two options upon graduation：one is to find a job somewhere and the other to start a business of your own. You are to make a choice between the two. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your choice. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension （25 minutes）Section ADirections：In this section，you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report，you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions 1and 2 are based on the news report you have just the heard.1. A）It was dangerous to live in.C）He could no longer pay the rent.B）It was going to be renovated. D）He had sold it to the royal family.2. A）A strike. B）A storm. C）A forest fire. D）A Terrorist attack. Questions 3and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A）They lost contact with the emergency department.B）They were trapped in an underground elevator.C）They were injured by suddenly falling rocks.D）They sent calls for help via a portable radio.4. A）They tried hard to repair the accident.B）They released the details of the accident.C）They sent supplies to keep the miners warm.D）They provided the miner with food and water.Question5 to7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A）Raise postage rates. C）Redesign delivery routes.B）Improve its services. D）Close some of its post offices.6. A）Shortening business hours. C）Stopping mail delivery on Saturdays.B）Closing offices on holidays. D）Computerizing mail sorting processes.7. A）Many post office staff will lose their jobsB）Many people will begin to complainC）Taxpayers will be very pleasedD）A lot of controversy will ariseSection BDirections：In this section，you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation，you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from four choice marked A），B），C）and D）.Then mark the corresponding letter an Answer sheet1 with a single line though the centre.Question8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A）He will be kept from promotion. C）He will be given a warning.B）He will go through retraining. D）He will lose part of his pay.9. A）He is always on time. C）He is an experienced press operator.B）He is trustworthy guy. D）He is on good terms with his workmates. 10. A）She is a trade union representative.C）She is a senior manager of the shop.B）She is in charge of public relation. D）She is better at handing such matters. 11. A）He is skilled and experienced. C）He is always trying to stir up trouble.B）He is very close to the manager. D）He is always complaining about low wages. Question12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A）Open. B）Friendly. C）Selfish. D）Reserved.13. A）They stay quiet. C）They talk about the weatherB）They read a book. D）They chat with fellow passengers.14. A）She was always treated as a foreigner.B）She was eager to visit an English castle.C）She was never invited to a colleague’s home.D）She was unwilling to make friends with workmates.15. A）House are much more quiet. C）They want to have more space.B）Houses provide more privacy.D）They want a garden of their own.Section CDirections：In this section，you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage，you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A）They don’t have much choice of jobs.B）They are likely to get much higher pay.C）They don’t have to go through job interviews.D）They will automatically be given hiring priority.17. A）Ask their professors for help. C）Visit the school careers services.B）Look at school bulletin boards. D）Go through campus newspapers.18. A）Helping students find the books and journals they need.B）Supervising study spaces to ensure a quiet atmosphere.C）Helping students arrange appointments with librarians.D）Providing students with information about the library.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A）It tastes better. C）It may be sold at a higher price .B）It is easier to grow. D）It can better survive extreme weathers.20. A）It is healthier than green tea. C）It will replace green tea one day.B）It can grow in drier soil. D）It is immune to various diseases.21. A）It has been well received by many tea drinkers.B）It does not bring the promised health benefits.C）It has made tea farmers’ life easier.D）It does not have a stable market.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A）They need decorations to show their status.B）They prefer unique objects of high quality.C）They decorate their homes themselves.D）They care more about environment.23. A）They were proud of their creations.B）They could only try to create at night.C）They made great contributions to society.D）They focused on the quality of their products.24. A）Make wise choices. C）Design handicrafts themselves.B）Identify fake crafts. D）Learn the importance of creation.25. A）To boost the local economy. C）To arouse public interest in crafts.B）To attract foreign investments. D）To preserve the traditional culture.PARTⅢReading Comprehension （40 minutes）Section ADirections：In this section，there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.When someone commits a criminal act, we always hope the punishment will match the offense. But when it comes to one of the cruelest crimes —animal fighting —things 26 work out that way. Dog fighting victims are 27 and killed for profit and “sport,” yet their criminal abusers often receive a 28 sentence for causing a lifetime of pain. Roughly half of all federally-convicted animal fighters only get probation(缓刑).Some progress has been made in the prosecution(起诉) of animal fighters. But federal judges often rely heavily on the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines when they 29penalties, and in the case of animal fighting, those guidelines are outdated and extremely30.The U.S. Sentencing Commission, which31these sentencing guidelines, is revisiting them, proposing to raise the minimum sentence from 6-12 to 21-27 months. This is a step in the right 32, but we’d like to see the U.S. Sentencing Commission make further guidelines.Simultaneous to this effort, we’re working with animal advocates and state and federal lawmakers to 33 anti-cruelty laws across the country, as well as supporting laws and policies that assist overburdened animal34that care for animal fighting victims. This help is35 important because the high cost of caring for animal victims is a major deterrent to intervening in cruelty cases in the first place.Section BDirections：In this section，you are gonging to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2.When Work Becomes a Game[A]What motivates employees to do their jobs well? Competition with coworkers, for some. The promise of rewards, for others. Pure enjoyment of problem-solving, for a lucky few. [B]Increasingly, companies are tapping into these desires directly through what’s come to be known as “gamification:” essentially, turning work into a game. “Gamification is about understanding what it is that makes games engaging and what game designers do to create a great experience in games, and taking those learnings and applying them to other contexts such as the workplace and education,” explains Kevin Werbach, a gam ification expert who teaches at the Wharton School of Business at the University of Pennsylvania in the United States..[C]It might mean monitoring employee productivity on a digital leaderboard and offering prizes to the winners, or giving employees digital badges or stars for completing certain activities. It could also mean training employees how to do their jobs through video game platforms. Companies from Google to IBM to Wells Fargo are known to use some degree of gamification in their workplaces. And more and more companies are joining them. A recent report suggests that the global gamification market will grow from $1.65 billion in to $11.1billion by .[D]The concept of gamification is not entirely new, Werbach says. Companies, marketers and teache rs have long looked for fun ways to engage people’s reward-seeking or competitive spirits. Cracker Jacks has been “gamifying” its snack food by putting a small prize inside for more than 100 years, he adds, and the turn-of-the-century steel magnate Charles Schwab is said to have often come into his factory and written the number of tons of steel produced on the past shift on the factory floor, thus motivating the next shift of workers to beat the previous one.[E]But the word “gamification” and the widespre ad, conscious application of the concept only began in earnest about five years ago, Werbach says. Thanks in part to video games, the generation now entering the workforce is especially open to the idea of having their work gamified. “We’re at a point wher e in much of the developed world the vast majority of young people grew up playing [video] games, and an increasingly high percentage of adults play these video games too,” Werbach says.[F]A number of companies have sprung up—GamEffective, Bunchball and Badgeville, to name a few—in recent years offering gamification platforms for businesses. The platforms that are most effective turn employees’ ordinary job tasks into part of a rich adventure narrative. “What makes a game game-like is that the player actua lly cares about the outcome,” Werbach says. “The principle is understanding what is motivating to this group of players, which requires some understanding of psychology.”[G]Some people, Werbach says, are motivated by competition. Sales people often fall into this category. For them, the right kind of gamification might be turning their sales pitches into a competition with other team members, complete with a digital leaderboard showing who’s winning at all times.Others are more motivated by collaboration and social experiences. One company Werbach has studied uses gamification to create a sense of community and boostemployee morale. When employees log in to their computers, they’re shown a picture of one of their coworkers and asked to guess that person’s name.[H]Gamification does not have to be digital. Monica Cornetti runs a company that gamifies employee trainings. Sometimes this involves technology, but often it does not. She recently designed a gamification strategy for a sales training company with a storm-chasing theme. Employees formed “storm chaser teams” and competed in storm-themed educational exercises to earn various rewards.“Rewards don’t have to be stuff,” Cornetti says. “Rewards can be flextime. Rewards can be extension time.”Another trainin g, this one for pay roll law, used a Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs theme. Snow White is public domain, but the dwarfs are still under copyright, so Cornetti invented sound-alike characters (Grumpy Gus, Dopey Dan) to illustrate specific pay roll law principles.[I]Some people don’t take as naturally to gamified work environments, Cornetti says. In her experience, people in positions of power or people in finance or engineering don’t tend to like the sound of the word.“If we’re designing for engineers, I’m not talking about a ‘game’ at all,” Cornetti says. “I’m talking about a ‘simulation,’ I’m talking about ‘be ing able to solve this problem.”[J]Gamification is “not a magic bullet,” Werbach cautions. A gamification strategy that’s not sufficiently thought through or tailored to its players may engage people for a little while, but it won’t motivate in the long term. It can also be exploitative, especially when used with vulnerable populations. For workers, especially low-paid workers, who desperately need their jobs yet know they can be easily replaced, gamification may feel more like the Hunger Games. Werbach gives the example of several Disneyland hotels in Anaheim, California, which used large digital leaderboards to display how efficiently laundry workers were working compared to one another. Some employees found the board motivating. To others, it was the opposite of fun. Some began to skip bathroom breaks, worried that if their productivity fell they would befired. Pregnant employees struggled to keep up. In a Los Angeles Times article, one employee referred to the board as a “digital whip.”“It actually had a very negative effect on morale and performance,” Werbach says.[K]Still, gamification only stands to become more popular, he says, “as more and mor e people come into the workforce who are intuitively familiar with the structures and expressions of digital games.” “We are way ahead of the tipping point,” Cornetti agrees. “There’s no reason this will go away.”36.some famous companies are already using gamification and more are trying to do the same.37.Gamification is not a miracle cure for all workplaces as it may have negative results.38.To enhance morale, one company asks its employees to identify their fellow works when starting their computers.39.The idea of gamification was practiced by some businesses more than a century ago.40.There is a reason to believe that gamification will be here to stay.41.Video games contributed in some ways to the wide application of gamification.42.When turning work into a game, it is necessary to understand what makes games interesting.43.Gamification in employee training does not always need technology.44.The most successful gamification platforms transform daily work assignments into fun experiences.45.It is necessary to use terms other than “gamification” for some professions.Section CDirections：There are 2 passages in this section .Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices maked A），B），C）and D）.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Recently I attended several meetings where we talked about ways to retain students and keep younger faculty members from going elsewhere.It seems higher education has become an industry of meeting-holders whose task it is to " solve" problems-real or imagined. And in my position as a professor at three different colleges, the actual problems in educating our young people and older students have deepened, while the number of people hired-not to teach but to hold meetings-has increased significantly. Every new problem creates a new job for an administrative fixer. Take our Center for Teaching Excellence. Contrary to its title, the center is a clearing house (信息交流中心)for using technology in classrooms and in online courses. It's an administrative sham (欺诈) of the kind that has multiplied over the last 30 years.I offer a simple proposition in response: Many of our problems-class attendance, educationalsuccess, student happiness and well-being-might be improved by cutting down the bureaucratic (官僚旳) mechanisms and meetings and instead hiring an army of good teachers. lf we replaced half of our administrative staff with classroom teachers, we might actually get a majority of our classes back to 20 or fewer students per teacher This would be an environment in which teachers and students actually knew each other.The teachers must be free to teach in their own way-the curriculum should be flexible enough so that they can use their individual talents to achieve the goals of the course. Additionally; they should be allowed to teach, and be rewarded for doing it well. Teachers are not people who are great at and consumed by research and happen to appear in a classroom. Good teaching and research are not exclusive, but they are also not automatic companions.Teaching is an art and a craft, talent and practice; it is not something that just anyone can be good at. It is utterly confusing to me that people do not recognize this, despite the fact that pretty much anyone who has been a student can tell the difference between their best and worst teachers.46.What does the author say about present-day universities?A)They are effectively tackling real or imagined problems.B)They often fail to combine teaching with research.C)They are over-burdened with administrative staff.D)They lack talent to fix their deepening problems.47.According to the author, what kind of people do universities lack most?A)Good classroom teachers. C) Talented researchers.B)Efficient administrators. D) Motivated students.48.What does the author imply about the classes at present?A)They facilitate students independent learning.B)They help students form closer relationships.C)They have more older students than before.D)They are much bigger than is desirable.49.What does the author think of teaching ability?A)It requires talent and practice.B)It is closely related to research.C)It is a chief factor affecting students 'learning.D)It can be acquired through persistent practice.50.What is the author’s suggestion for improving university teaching?A)Creating an environment for teachers to share 'their teaching experiences.B)Hiring more classroom teachers and allowing them to teach in their own way.C)Using high technology in classrooms and promoting exchange of information.D)Cutting down meetings and encouraging administrative staff to go to classrooms. Passage TwoQuestions 51to 55 are based on the following passage.The secret to eating less and being happy about it may have been cracked years ago-by McDonald's. According to a new study from Cornell University's Food and Brand Lab, small non-food rewards-like the toys in McDonald's Happy Meals-stimulate the same reward centers in the brain as food does.The researchers, led by Martin Reimann, carried out a series of experiments to see if people would choose a smaller meal if it was paired with a non-food items.They found that the majority of both kids and adults opted for a half-sized portion when combined with a prize. Both options were priced the same.Even more interesting is that the promise of a future reward was enough to make adults choose the smaller portion.\One of the prizes used was a lottery ticket（彩票）, with a $ 10, $ 50 or $ 100 payout, and this was as effective as a tangible gift in persuading people to eat less."The fact that participants were willing to substitute part of a food item for the mere prospect of a relatively small monetary award is interesting.”says Reimann.He theorizes that it is the emotional component of these intangible prizes that make them effective. In fact, vaguely-stated possibilities of winning a prize were more effective than options with hard odds included.“One explanation for this finding is that possible awards may be more emotionally provoking than certainty awards," says Reimann. " The uncertainty of winning provides added attraction and desirability through emotional ‘thrills.' The possibility of receiving an award also produces a state of hope一a state that is in itself psychologically rewarding·"In otherwords, there’s a reason why people like to gambleHow might it’s knowledge be used to help people eat more healthily?One possibility is a healthy that offers the chance to win a spa (温泉疗养) weekend. Or maybe the reward of a half-sized portion could be a half-sized dessert to be claimed only on a future date. That would get you back in the restaurant-and make you eat a little less.51.What do we learn about McDonald’s inclusion of toys in its Happy Meals?A)It may shed light on people’s desire to crack a secret.B)It has proved to be key to McDonald’s business success.C)It appeals to kid’s curiosity to find out what is hidden inside.D)It may be a pleasant way for kids to reduce their food intake.52. What is the finding of the researchers led by Martin Reimann?A)Reducing food intake is not that difficult if people go to McDonald’s more.B)Most kids and adults don’t actually feel hungry when they eat half of their meal.C)Eating a smaller does good to the health of kids and adults alike.D)Most kids and adults would choose a smaller meal that came with a non-food item.53.What is most interesting in Martin Reimann’s finding?A)Kids preferred an award in the form of money to one in the form of a toy.B)Adults chose the smaller portion on the mere promise of a future awardC)Both kids and adults felt satisfied with only half of their meal portions.D)Neither children nor adults could resist the temptation of a free toy.54.How does Martin Reimann interpret his finding?A)The emotional component of the prizes is at work.B)People now care more about quality than quantity.C)People prefer certainty awards to possible awards.D) The desire for a future reward is overwhelming.55.What can we infer from Martin Reimann’s finding?A)·People should eat much less if they ·wish to stay healthy and happy.B)More fast food restaurants are likely to follow McDonald’s example.C)We can lead people to eat less while helping the restaurant business.D)More studies are needed to find out the impact of emotion on behavior.Part IV Translation （30 minutes）Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English .You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.在中国文化中，红色一般象征着好运、长寿和幸福.在春节和其他喜庆场所，红色到处可见.人们把现金作为礼品送给家人或亲密朋友时，一般放在红色信封里.红色在中国流行旳另一种原因是人们把它与中国革命和共产党相联络.然而，红色并不总是代表好运和快乐.由于从死前者名字一般用红色书写，用红墨水书写中国人名被当作是一种冒犯行为.12月大学英语四级答案（第一套）Part1 writing (30 minutes)破题思绪：第一段：话题描述. 第二段：表明观点+论述原因. 第三段：观点结论.参照范文：(选择就业还是创业)Finding a Job FirstUpon graduation，virtually all college students will confront the problem of the career choice，which is truly a tough choice. Students’ opinions differ greatly on this issue. Some hold that priority should be given to start a business of your own，but others take the attitude that finding a job is the best choice influencing their future.As to myself，I prefer the latter view. An opportunity to start a business exerts a tremendous fascination on a great number of people，with no exception to me. In my view，With the competition in the job market becoming increasingly fierce for college graduates，some ambitious students have tried their hands at launching their own businesses. Over the years，there have been many successful cases of student entrepreneurship and such attempts should be encouraged and promoted by both the universities and the society at large. What’s more ，College students who start businesses are pioneers，among whom will be born China’s future business leaders. Faced with unknown challenges，they are audacious enough to embark on a perilous journey while most of their peers enjoy stable salaries by working as white-collars at high-end office buildings.All in all，the essential difference between the students who find a job or those students who create their own businesses is that the former are docile followers whereas the latter are aggressive trailblazers. For this reason，business-launching college graduates are more admirable，and thus they command our deep respect.Part II Listening Comprehension （25 minutes）【英语四级听力真题解析】听力作为一种考试题型，目旳在于考察应试者对英语语言旳把握，自从英语四级题型改革后，所选题材侧重新闻稿和演讲稿，例如这次英语四级考试旳Section A 部分，重要是有关采盐工人旳有关新闻报导，文章稍难，我们在作答之前，一定要迅速浏览各题目旳选项，先把关键关键词划出来，例如重要旳名词，名词性短语等，这样可以协助我们预知要听旳重点，提高捕捉信息旳精确度，减少听力材料旳难度.在听录音旳过程中，迅速作标识，锁定对旳答案.1.(A)It was dangerous to live in.2.(B)A storm3.(B)They were trapped in an underground elevator.4.(C)They sent supplies to keep the miners warm.5.(D)Close some of its post office.6.(C)Stopping mail delivery on Saturdays.7.(A)Many post office staff will lose their jobs.Section B8.(D)He will lose part of his pay.9.(B)He is a trustworthy guy. 10.(D)She is better at handling such matters.11.(C)He is always trying to stir up trouble. 12.(D)Reserved13.(A)They stay quiet14.(C)She was never invited to a colleague’s home.15.(B)Houses provide more privacySection C16.(D)They will automatically be given hiring priority.17.(C)Visit the school careers service.18.(B)Supervising study spaces to ensure a quiet atmosphere.19.(C)It may be sold at a higher price. 20.(A)It is healthier than green tee.21.(D)It does not have a stable market.22.(B)They prefer unique objects of high quality.23.(B)They could only try to create at night.24.(A)Make wise choices.25.(A)To boost the local economy.Section AA 16th century castle in Scotland is close to collapsing after lumps of soils were washed away by floods, threatening its foundations.On Sunday, the castle’s owner John Gordon, 76, was forced to move out his property after the River Dee swept away about 60 feet of land, leaving the castle dangerous close to the river. According to the Scottish Daily Record.Abergeldie castle located in Aberdeenshire, Scotland was built by Sir Alexander Gordon of Midmar who later became the Earl of Huntly.The castle which is located on 11,700 acres was leased to members of the royal family between 1848 and 1970, including King Edward VII and George V.The Scottish Environment Protection Agency has issued more than 35 flood warnings covering several regions, as Scotland continues to clean up the after Storm Frank hit the country last Wednesday.“This means that rivers will rise more slowly, but then stay high for much longer.” the environmental agency said.Q1. Why did John Gordon move out of Abergeldie castle?Q2. What happened in Scotland last Wednesday?Section A - 2Rescue efforts were underway Thursday morning for 17 miners who were stuck in an elevator below ground at a Cargill rock salt mine near Lansing, New York, according to Marcia Lynch. Public information officer with Tompkins County’s emergency response department,emergency workers have made contact with the miners via a radio. And they all appear to be uninjured, said Jessica Verfuss, the emergency department’s assistant director.Crews have managed to provide heat packs and blankets to the miners so that they can keep warm during the rescue operation, Verfuss said. Details about what led to the workers’ being trapped in the elevator went immediately available. The mine, along New York’s Cayuga Lake, processes salt used for road treatment. It produces about 2 million tons of salt that is shipped to more than 1,500 places in the northeastern United States, the rock salt mine is one of three operated by Cargill with the other two in Louisiana and Ohio.Q3. What does the news report say about the salt miners?Q4.What did the rescue team do?Section A - 3The U.S. Postal Service announced today that it is considering closing about 3,700 post offices over the next year because of falling revenues.Facing an $8.3 billion budget deficit this year, closing post officers is one of several proposals the Postal Service has put forth recently to cut costs. Last week, for example, Postmaster General Pat Donahoe announced plans to stop mail delivery on Saturdays, a move he says could save $3 billion annually.“We are losing revenue as we speak,” Donahoe said. “We do not wan t taxpayer money. We want to be self-sufficient. So like any other business you have to make choices.”Dean Granholm the vice president for delivery and post office operations said the first waves of closings would begin this fall. He estimated that about 3,000 postmasters, 500 station managers and between 500 and 1,000 postal clerks could lose their jobs.Q5.What is the U.S. Postal Service planning to do?Q6.What measure has been planned to save costs?Q7.What will happen when the proposed measure come into effect?。

2024年6月英语四级真题试卷第1套及答案解析

2024年6月大学英语四级真题（第1套）Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: Suppose your university is seeking students’ opinions on whether university libraries should be open to the public. You are now to write an essay to express your view. You will have 30 minutes for the task. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.PartⅡListening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）, B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) Due to a fire alarm in their apartments.B) Because of the smoke and heat damage.C) Due to the water used to extinguish the flames.D) Because of the collapse of the three-story building.2. A) Investigating the cause of the incident.B) Helping search for the suspect of the crime.C) Rescuing the businessmen trapped in the building.D) Checking town records for the property developer.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) It plays a less important role in one’s health than nutrient intake.B) It impacts people’s health to a lesser degree than sun exposure.C) It is associated with people’s mental health conditions.D) It is linked with older adults’ sympt oms of depression.4. A) It was indefinite. C) It was straightforward.B) It was systematic. D) It was insignificant.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) It has helped solve several murder cases.B) It has become a star police dog in Beijing.C) It has surpassed its mother in performance.D) It has done better than naturally born dogs.6. A) To speed up investigation into criminal cases. C) To cut down training expenses.B) To test the feasibility of cloning technology. D) To reduce their training time.7. A) Cloning is too complicated a process. C) Cloning is ethically controversial.B) The technology is yet to be accepted. D) The technology is too expensive.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) He read it somewhere online. C) He read an article reviewing it.B) He heard about it from a coworker. D) He watched a TV series based on it.9. A) His publications. C) His address.B) His first book. D) His name.10. A) Collect a lot more data. C) Clarify many new concepts.B) Relax a bit less often. D) Read more reference books.11. A) Find out the show’s most interesting episodes. C) Get an e-copy of the book to read.B) Watch the series together with the woman. D) Check to see when the show starts.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) To check the prices of his farm produce.B) To ask the way to the Newcastle City Hall.C) To inquire about the vegetarian food festival.D) To seek the man’s help with her work on the farm.13. A) Bakers. C) Vegetarians.B) Vendors. D) Organisers.14. A) The issuing of certificates to vendors. C) The festival they are organising.B) The completion of the baking task. D) The deadline for application.15. A) The closing date of submission. C) The details of the ceremony.B) The website of his company. D) The organiser’s address.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) Most scenic sites have been closed. C) Health experts advise going outdoors.B) Access to official campsites is limited. D) People have more time during the summer.17. A) It is strongly opposed by nearby residents. C) It has caused environmental concerns.B) It leads to much waste of public money. D) It has created conflicts among campers.18. A) Look for open land in Scotland. C) Avoid getting close to wilderness.B) Leave no trace of their camping. D) Ask for permission from authorities. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) They outcompete mythical creatures. C) They truly exist in the Amazon region.B) They usually mind their own business. D) They resemble alarmingly large snakes.20. A) Scar tissue from dolphins’ fighting. C) Unhealed wounds from snake bites.B) Skin infection from water pollution. D) Swimming along in seasonal floods.21. A) It has been shrinking at an astonishing pace.B) It has been placed under international protection.C) It has been appealing to both freshwater and sea dolphins.D) It has been abandoned as a battleground for male dolphins.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) About 58% of young adults call parental support the new normal.B) Most adult children enjoy increasing sources of financial support.C) A full 70% of the young adults cannot afford to buy a car by themselves.D) Most early adults cannot sustain their lifestyles without parental support.23. A) It renders them dependent. C) It makes them mentally immature.B) It causes them to lose dignity. D) It hinders them from getting ahead.24. A) It challenges one’s willpower. C) It calls for due assistance.B) It results from education. D) It defines adulthood.25. A) Current lifestyles. C) College loans.B) Poor budgeting. D) Emergency expenses.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once．It’s well known that physical exercise is beneficial not just to physical health but also to mental health. Yet whereas most countries have 26 , evidence-backed guidelines on the type and intensity of exercise 27 for various physical health benefits, such guidelines do not yet exist for exercise and mood.This is 28 due to a lack of necessary evidence. However, a new systematic review brings us usefully up-to-date on the current findings in this area.Before 29 into some of the key take-aways, an important 30 made in the review is between aerobic exercise and anaerobic. The former 31 such things as walking, jogging and cycling and means exercising in such a way that your body is able to use oxygen to burn fat for energy. In contrast, anaerobic exercise—such as lifting heavy weights—is of such 32 intensity that your body does not have time to use oxygen to create energy and so instead it breaks down glucose (葡萄糖) in your blood or muscles.Beginning first with the influence of exercise intensity on the mood benefits of aerobic exercise, the researchers, led by John Chan at Shenzhen University, found 33 results from19 relevant studies. Some favoured higher intensity, others low, while seven studies found that intensity made no 34 to mood benefits.In relation to the intensity of anaerobic exercise, however, the results were far clearer—the optimum (最佳选择) for improving mood is 35 intensity, perhaps because low intensity is too dull while high intensity is too unpleasant.Section BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Why Do Americans Work So Much?A)How will we all keep busy when we only have to work 15 hours a week? That was thequestion that worried the British economist John Maynard Keynes when he wrote his short essay “Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren” in 1930. Over the next century, h e predicted, the economy would become so productive that people would barely need to work at all. For a while, it looked like Keynes was right. In 1930 the average working week was47 hours in the United States. But by 1970, the number of hours Americans worked onaverage had fallen to slightly less than 39.B)But then something changed. Instead of continuing to decline, the duration of the workingweek remained stable. It has stayed at just below 40 hours for nearly five decades. So what happened? Why are people working just as much today as in 1970?C)There would be no mystery in this if Keynes had been wrong about the power of technologyto increase the economy’s productivity, which he thought would lead to a standard of living “between four and eight times as high as it is today.” But Keynes got that right: Technology has made the economy massively more productive. According to Benjamin M. Friedman, an economist at Harvard, the U.S. economy is right on track to reach Keynes’s eight-fold (八倍) multiple by 2029. That is a century after the last data Keynes would have had access to.D)In a new paper, Friedman tries to figure out why that increased productivity has nottranslated into increased leisure time. Perhaps people just never feel materially satisfied, always wanting more money to buy the next new thing. This is a theory that appeals tomany economists. “This argument is, at best, far from sufficient,” he writes. If that were the case, why did the duration of the working week decline in the first place?E)Another theory Friedman considers is that, in an era of ever fewer settings that provideeffective opportunities for personal connections and relationships, people may place more value on the socializing that happens at work. There is support for this theory. Many people today consider colleagues as friends. But Friedman argues that the evidence for this theory is far from conclusive. Many workers report that they would like to spend more time with family, rather than at work. Furthermore, this theory cannot explain the change in trend in the U.S. working week in the 1970s.F) A third possibility proves more convincing for Friedman. That is: American inequalitymeans that the gains of increasing productivity are not widely shared by everyone. In other words, most Americans are too poor to work less. Unlike the other two explanations Friedman considers, this one fits chronologically (按年代). Inequality declined in America during the period following World War II, along with the duration of the working week.But since the early 1970s it has risen dramatically.G)Keynes’s prediction of a shorter working week rests on the idea that the standard of livingwould continue rising for everyone. But Friedman says that this is not what has happened.Although Keynes’s eight-fold figure holds up for the economy as a whole, it is not at all the case for the median (中位数的) American worker. For them, output by 2029 is likely to be around 3.5 times what it was when Keynes was writing. This is a bit below his four- to eight-fold predicted range.H)This can be seen in the median worker’s income over this time period, complete with a shiftin 1973 that fits in precisely with when the working week stopped shrinking. According to Friedman, between 1947 and 1973 the average hourly wage for normal workers (those who were not in management roles) in private industries other than agriculture nearly doubled in terms of what their money could buy. But by 2013 the average hourly wage for ordinary workers had fallen 5 percent from the 1973 level in terms of actual purchasing power. Thus, though American incomes may have gone up since 1973, the amount that American workers can actually buy with their money has gone down. For most Americans, then, the magic of increasing productivity stopped working around 1973. Thus, they had to keep working just as much in order to maintain their standard of living.I)What Keynes predicted was a very optimistic version of what economists call technologicalunemployment. This is the idea that less labor will be necessary because machines can do so much. In Keynes’s vision, the resulting unemployment would be distributed more or less evenly across society in the form of increased leisure. But Friedman says that, for Americans, reality is much darker. Americans now have a labor market in which millions of people—those with fewer skills and less education—are seeking whatever poorly paid work they can get. This is confirmed by a recent poll that found that, for half of hourly workers, their top concern is not that they work too much but that they work too little. This is most likely not because they like their jobs so much. Rather, we can assume it is because they need the money.J)This explanation leaves an important question. If the very rich—the workers who have reaped above-average gains from the increased productivity since Keynes’s time—can afford to work less, why do they continue to work so much? (Indeed, research has shownthat the highest earners in America tend to work the most.) Friedman believes that for many top earners, work is a labor of love. They are doing work they care about and are interested in, and doing more of it is not necessarily a burden. For them, it may even be a pleasure.These top earners derive meaning from their jobs and work is an important part of how they think of themselves. And, of course, they are compensated for it at a level that makes it worth their while.K)Friedman concludes that the prosperity(繁荣) Keynes predicted is here. After all, the economy as a whole has grown even more brilliantly than he expected. But for most Americans, that prosperity is nowhere to be seen. And, as a result, neither are those shorter working weeks.36. Some people view socializing at the workplace as a chance to develop personal relationships.37. As ordinary American workers’ average hourly pay had decreased despite increasing productivity, they had to work just as many hours as before to keep their living standards.38. American workers’ average weekly working time has not changed for nearly half a century.39. Friedman believes inequality in the U.S. largely explains why increasing productivity has not resulted in reduced working hours.40. Man y economists assume people’s thirst for material things has prevented them from enjoying more leisure time.41. An economist’s prediction about a shorter average working week seemed to be correct fora time in the 20th century.42. In the U.S. labor market, the primary concern of people with less schooling and fewer skills is to secure any employment even if it is low-paid.43. Keynes was right in predicting that technology would make the economy much more productive.44. Many of the highest earners have a keen interest in and love for what they are doing.45. According to Keynes, there would be a shorter working week with everyone’s standard of living continuing to rise.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Lao Zi once said, “Care about what other people think and you will always be their prisoner.”People-pleasing, or seeking self-worth through oth ers’ approval, is unproductive and an exhausting way to go through life. Why do we allow what others think of us to have so much power over how we feel about ourselves? If it’s true that you can’t please all people all of the。

2024英语四级试卷

2024英语四级试卷一、写作（15%）题目： The Importance of Lifelong Learning。

要求：1. 阐述终身学习的重要性，至少包含三点理由。

2. 字数不少于120字，不多于180字。

二、听力理解（35%）Section A（短篇新闻）News Item 1.1. What is the main topic of this news?A. A new scientific discovery.B. A major environmental protection project.C. A political event in a certain country.2. When did this event take place?A. Last week.B. Last month.C. Last year.News Item 2.3. Who are the main participants in this news?A. Students and teachers.B. Workers and employers.C. Scientists and researchers.4. What is the aim of their activity?A. To promote cultural exchange.B. To develop a new product.C. To improve working conditions.Section B（长对话）Conversation 1.1. What are the two speakers mainly talking about?A. Their travel plans.B. Their study schedules.C. Their future careers.2. What does the man plan to do first after graduation?A. Travel around the world.B. Look for a job.C. Go to graduate school.3. What does the woman think of the man's plan?A. She thinks it's very exciting.B. She thinks it's too risky.C. She thinks it's a waste of time.Conversation 2.4. What is the relationship between the two speakers?A. Husband and wife.B. Boss and employee.C. Colleagues.5. What problem does the woman have?A. She has too much work to do.B. She doesn't get along well with her colleagues.C. She is not satisfied with her salary.Section C（听力篇章）Passage 1.1. What is the passage mainly about?A. The history of a famous city.B. The development of modern technology.C. The importance of art in human life.2. According to the passage, what can art do for people?A. It can make people rich.B. It can improve people's mental health.C. It can help people find good jobs.3. What kind of art is mentioned in the passage?A. Painting.B. Music.C. Dance.Passage 2.4. What is the main idea of this passage?A. How to protect wild animals.B. The living habits of a certain wild animal.C. The reasons for the decline of wild animals.5. Which of the following is one of the reasons for the problem mentioned in the passage?A. Climate change.B. Lack of food.C. Human activities.三、阅读理解（35%）Section A（词汇理解）Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The Internet has changed the way we communicate, work, and study. It has brought great _(1)_ to our lives. For example, we can now get information from all over the world in an instant. We can also communicate with people in different countries _(2)_ through various online platforms. However, the Internet also has some _(3)_. One of the main problems is the spread of false information. Some people may post untrue news or rumors on the Internet, which can cause confusion and harm to society. Another problem is the issue of online privacy. As we use the Internet more and more, our personal information may be _(4)_ by some malicious people.Word Bank:A. benefits.B. easily.C. challenges.D. accessed.E. quickly.Section B（长篇阅读）Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Impact of Mobile Phones on Our Lives.A. Mobile phones have become an indispensable part of our lives. We use them for various purposes, such as making phone calls, sending text messages, and accessing the Internet.B. One of the most obvious impacts of mobile phones is on our communication. With mobile phones, we can keep in touch with our friendsand family members at any time and any place.C. Mobile phones also have a great impact on our work. Many people can now work remotely using their mobile phones. For example, they can check emails, attend virtual meetings, and complete tasks on their mobile devices.D. In addition to communication and work, mobile phones have also changed the way we entertain ourselves. We can use them to listen to music, watch videos, and play games.E. However, the excessive use of mobile phones also has some negative effects. For example, it may cause eye strain, neck pain, and other health problems.F. Another negative effect of mobile phones is on our social relationships. Some people may be so addicted to their mobile phones that they ignore the people around them, which can lead to a decline in the quality of their social relationships.G. Mobile phones also have an impact on our privacy. As we use mobile phones to access various apps and services, our personal information may be collected and used by some companies without our consent.H. To reduce the negative impacts of mobile phones, we should use themin a proper and controlled way. For example, we can limit the time we spend on mobile phones, and be more careful about protecting our privacy.1. Mobile phones can be used for remote work.2. Mobile phones may cause health problems.3. Mobile phones have changed the way we entertain ourselves.4. Mobile phones can have an impact on our privacy.5. We should use mobile phones properly to reduce negative impacts.Section C（仔细阅读）Passage 1.1. What is the main topic of this passage?A. The development of modern transportation.B. The benefits of a healthy lifestyle.C. The influence of social media on people.2. According to the passage, how does social media affect people's relationships?A. It helps people make more friends.B. It may cause some misunderstandings.C. It has no effect on people's relationships.3. What can people do to avoid the negative effects of social media?A. Stop using social media completely.B. Limit the time they spend on social media.C. Only use positive social media platforms.Passage 2.1. What is the passage mainly about?A. The importance of environmental protection.B. The new trends in fashion design.C. The challenges faced by small businesses.2. According to the passage, what are the main challenges for small businesses?A. Lack of funds and market competition.B. Difficulties in recruiting employees.C. Problems with product quality.3. What can small businesses do to overcome these challenges?A. Seek government support.B. Merge with other small businesses.C. Focus on product innovation.四、翻译（15%）题目：中国的春节是中国最重要的传统节日。

2024年英语四级考试试卷

What is the main idea of the passage?A. The history of technology development.B. The impact of technology on society.C. The future predictions of technological advancements.D. The challenges faced by technologists.The author mentions "digital divide" to refer to:A. The gap between urban and rural areas.B. The difference in access to technology.C. The divide between generations.D. The variation in educational levels.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a benefit of online learning?A. Flexibility in scheduling.B. Reduced social interaction.C. Access to a wide range of courses.D. Personalized learning experience.What does the phrase "climate change" primarily signify?A. Seasonal variations.B. Long-term alterations in weather patterns.C. Occasional extreme weather events.D. Changes in ocean currents.The passage argues that sustainable development requires:A. Rapid industrialization.B. Balancing economic growth and environmental protection.C. Decreased use of renewable resources.D. Limited social welfare programs.Which of the following is an example of a non-renewable resource?A. Solar energy.B. Fossil fuels.C. Wind power.D. Hydroelectric power.The term "biodiversity" refers to:A. The variety of life in a particular habitat.B. The study of genetic mutations.C. The process of natural selection.D. The conservation of endangered species.What is the author's attitude towards the use of artificial intelligence in healthcare?A. Cautious.B. Optimistic.C. Critical.D. Neutral.The passage suggests that effective communication can be enhanced by:A. Avoiding difficult topics.B. Active listening and clear expression.C. Limiting nonverbal cues.D. Relying solely on technology.。

英语四级考试真题及参考答案

2024年英语四级考试真题及参考答案2024年英语四级考试真题及参考答案一、写作部分题目：随着互联网的普及，越来越多的人开始关注网络安全问题。

请根据以下图表，写一篇关于网络安全的文章。

图表：【参考范文】With the increasing popularity of the internet, cybersecurity has become a top concern for individuals, businesses, and governments worldwide. The graph above provides some revealing statistics about the severity of this issue.Firstly, the number of cybersecurity events is astounding, with over 950 million reported in 2024. This figure is alarming and highlights the ever-present threat of cybercrime, such as hacking, data breaches, and identity theft.Secondly, the chart shows that of these events, 3.2 billion involve the disclosure of personal sensitive information. This data points to the widespread abuse of personal information intoday's digital age, where sensitive details can be easily stolen and used for malicious purposes.Lastly, the average cost per event is significant, with an average loss of 50,000. This figure highlights the financial impact of cybersecurity incidents, which can quickly add up and cause significant damage to individuals and businesses.In conclusion, the graph demonstrates the magnitude of the cybersecurity problem facing our society today. With such high numbers, it is essential to prioritize cybersecurity measures to protect ourselves and our information from cybercriminals. Using strong passwords, updating software regularly, and being wary of suspicious links are just a few ways we can all contribute to cybersecurity. Furthermore, businesses and governments need to invest in robust security measures to safeguard valuable information and protect against theever-present threat of cyberattacks. Only through collective effort and awareness can we hope to tackle the growing cybersecurity challenge.二、听力部分【参考答案】1、B) They are more concerned about the quality of food than the wait time.2、A) He is stuck in a traffic jam.3、C) 2 hours.4、B) They are planning to go on a trip together.5、A) The man will drive her home.6、C) She wants to buy a new camera.7、A) The man will help her move her furniture tomorrow.8、B) They are both history majors.9、A) He likes to read books on science and technology.10、C) 200 pages.三、阅读部分【参考答案】1、B) They help to improve the soil quality and make it more suitable for planting.2、A) They help to reduce water evaporation and maintain soilmoisture.3、C) They help to maintain a healthy balance of microorganisms in the soil.4、D) They help to prevent soil erosion and protect topsoil.5、B) They can be grown in a wide range of soil types and conditions.6、A) They are particularly suitable for growing in sandy soils.7、C) They can withstand drought conditions better than other plant species.8、D) They have adapted to survive in environments with high salinity levels.9、B) They provide a valuable source of food and feed for livestock during the winter months.10、A) They are rich in nutrients and considered highly nutritious.四、翻译部分【参考答案】1、The new bridge has significantly reduced travel time across the river, saving commuters precious time.2、The company's commitment to innovation has helped it stay ahead of its competitors in the rapidly developing technology industry.3、The teacher wrote the lesson on the board while the students took notes in their notebooks.4、He cut the rope that tied the package to the tree, retrieving the mysterious gift hidden inside.5、She turned on the faucet, and hot water poured out, relieving her tiredness after a long day of work.2024年英语专业四级考试真题及答案2024年英语专业四级考试真题及答案一、听写题在英语专业四级考试中，听写题是一项重要的考察内容。

4级考前冲刺试题一参考答案及录音文本

4级考前冲刺试题一参考答案及录音文本4 级考前冲刺试题一参考答案及录音文本参考答案Part I Writing【参考范文】To Buy Books Online or in Bookstore?When it comes to where we should buy books, online or in bookstore, different people will offer different opinions. Some people prefer to buy books online, while others would like to buy books in bookstore. As to me, I would rather buy books in bookstore than online.It is incontestable that buying books online has great advantages. For example, the books are much cheaper than those in bookstore. But when there is quality problem, it is not so easy to ask for a refund. The following reasons can account for my preference.First, buying books in bookstore can ensure that the books we buy are what we need. A good example to illustrate is that we can stay at bookstore to learn about the book we want to buy in detail. Second, we may discover the quality problem before we pay for the book. Third, we can get the book we want as soon as we pay for it without waiting for several days. To conclude, to buy books in bookstore has incomparable advantages.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)1. C)2. D)3. A)4. D)5. D)6. B)7. B)8. social networking 9. put their faith in 10. increasingly vulnerablePart III Listening Comprehension11. A) 12. B) 13. A) 14. A) 15. A) 16. C) 17. B) 18. B) 19. B) 20.A)21. D) 22. D) 23. D) 24. C) 25. A) 26. A) 27. D) 28. B) 29. D) 30.A)31. C) 32. A) 33. C) 34. D) 35. A)36. services 37. agrees 38. immediately 39. receives40. promises 41. nowadays 42. issued 43. purchases44. Credit cards from credit companies can be used to buy things almost anywhere45. Most large credit companies are connected to large banks46. After an applicant receives a credit card, he or she can use the card to make purchasesPart IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)47. J) 48. E) 49. I) 50. K) 51. G) 52. N) 53. D) 54. A) 55. F) 56. M)57. A) 58. A) 59. C) 60. D) 61. C) 62. C) 63. C) 64. D) 65. C) 66.D)Part V Cloze67. B) 68. B) 69. A) 70. C) 71. B) 72. D) 73. B) 74. D) 75. D) 76.A)77. A) 78. B) 79. A) 80. C) 81. B) 82. D) 83. C) 84. A) 85. C) 86.B)Part VI Translation87. would never have missed the chance88. be measured purely by examination results89. adjusted to the harsh weather there90. do they know about German91. at the thought of meeting him录音文本Part III Listening ComprehensionSection A11. W: Mr. Johnson, have you heard the morning news report? Mill has resigned his post as PrimeMinister.M: I didn’t turn on the radio this morning, but I did see the headlines. If you remember, he threatened to leave the office at the last cabinet meeting.Q: How did Mr. Johnson learn that the Prime Minister has resigned?12. M: I am assigned the work to Africa for one year and I want to rent my apartment during thisperiod. But still no one would rent it.W: It is the off-season of renting. Have you posted an advertisement in the local newspaper?Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?13. W: Are you listening to me? You are not really with you at the moment. What has happened to youtoday?M: Sorry, maybe it is because of these cold drugs I’m taking. And I am feeling very sleepy.Q: What is the man probably going to do?14. M: I’m ashamed to say I can’t afford to go out tonight. I’ve spent all my money.W: Don’t worry. I’m loaded right now.Q: What does the woman mean?15. W: Will the failure of the football team sponsored by our company affect our sales and marketingcampaign?M: No way! The team might not be the winner but the company is.Q: What does the man mean?16. M: I am so exhausted and I haven’t taken a holiday fora long time. My chances would be better ifthey hired more people.W: Give up that idea. They always want to keep the cost down.Q: What does the woman imply?17. W: So, have you collected the blood sample so we could do our genetic research?M: I’m afraid we are in trouble. The people we’re testing have religious concern about the workwe’re doing, so I couldn’t collect the sample.Q: What are the two speakers talking about?18. W: Tom, we’re all going out for a drink after work. Fancy joining us?M: Thanks, but I’m afraid I can’t. I’ve got to finish this report before I go home tonight.Q: What does the man mean?Now you will hear the two long conversations.Conversation OneW: Oh, Ken, I have been meaning to talk to you.M: Hi, Denise! What’s up?W: I have this great job lined up to manage a clothing store at the mall.M: Oh, say in detail, please.W: Well, one of the professors in my department just told me about a summer practice program that is available. She thinks I might be able to practice in the office at the Wayfarer Hotel here in town.M: That sounds like a great opportunity, too. Why not take advantage of it?W: I’d love to, especially since I’m studying hotel management. It would be a great way to get some practical experience in my field.M: And you never know, it might lead to something with them after graduation. They’re one of the biggest hotel chains in the area.W: You’re right. But the problem is that I wouldn’t be making nearly as much money as I would be working in the clothing store. Not to mention the discount I’d get on clothes there.M: How much money can you get from your practice work?W: Very little money. But I can get a free room and board for the summer.M: Well, if I were you, I’d take it anyway. You can always get a job during the school year next year to make a few extra bucks.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. Why does Denise like to talk to Ken?20. Why might the summer practice be a good opportunity for Denise?21. What’s the main disadvantage of the summer practice for Denise?22. What does Ken suggest Denise do?Conversation TwoM: Hello, this is John Burns from the Top Company Ltd. I’m phoning to return Ms. Thompson’s call. W: Oh, hello, Mr. Burns. This is Susan Thompson speaking. I’m glad you ring back so soon. There’s a serious problem, I’m afraid. You know that order for 500 cases of Top Whiskey we put recently? M: Oh, yes.I saw to it myself. What’s the problem? Hasn’t it arrived?W: Well, in a way, but it’s stuck at the customs. There’s something wrong with the declaration, it seems. Some kind of omission or error.M: Oh, really? That’s strange. Do you know what it is?W: Well, I only heard that some of the details were incomplete and the customs can’t let the consignment through.M: Ms. Thompson, I’ll tell you what I’ll do. Our forwarding agents are handling this delivery and they’re generally very reliable. Er, let me just get on to them.W: Yes, if you would. And can you let me know as soon as possible when I can have the Whiskey?Time’s rather short and our customers are waiting for the wine, you know.M: Of course. I’ll see to it, Ms. Thompson, and if at all possible, you’ll get a call today.W: Well, getting the delivery today would suit me better. Oh, one other thing, I’m out of the office after 12 o’clock. If you call me after this time, would you leave a message with our switchboard operator? I’ll tell her to expect your call.M: Yes, I spoke to her before. I’ll get things moving as quickly as I can.W: Right. Thanks. Goodbye then, Mr. Burns.M: Goodbye. You’ll be hearing from us very soon.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. What do we know from the woman’s complaint?24. What does the man say about their forwarding agents?25. What is the man asked to do at the end of the conversation?Section BPassage OneI was 9 years old when I found out my father was ill. It was 1994, but I can remember my mother’s words as if it were yesterday —“Carol, I don’t want you to take food from your father, because he has AIDS. Be very careful when you are around him.”AIDS wasn’t something we talked about in my country when I was growing up. From then on, I knew that this would be a family secret. My parents were not together anymore, and my dad lived alone. For a while, he could take care of himself. But when I was 12, his condition worsened. My father’s other children lived far away, so it fell to me to look after him.We couldn’t afford all the necessary medication for him, and because dad was unable to work, I had no money for school supplies and often couldn’t even buy food for dinner. I would sit in class feeling completely lost. The teacher’s words were drowned as I tried to figure out how I was going to manage.I did not share my burden with anyone. I had seen how people reacted to AIDS. Kids laughed at classmates who had parents with the disease. And even adults could be cruel. When my father was moved to the hospital, the nurses would leave his food on the bedside table even though he was too weak to feed himself.I had known that he was going to die, but after so many years of keeping his condition a secret, I was completely unprepared when he reached his final days. Sad and hopeless, I called a woman at the non-profit National AIDS Support. That day, she kept me on the phone for hours. I was so lucky to find someone who cared. She saved my life.I was 15 when my father died. He took his secret away with him, having never spoken about AIDS to anyone, even me. He didn’t want to call attention to AIDS. I do.Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. What does Carol tell us about her father?27. Why did Carol keep her father’s disease a secret?28. Why did Carol write the passage?Passage TwoTo get a driver’s license, you must take a series of tests. The first test is the vision test. This test checks your eyes to see if you have to wear glasses when you drive. The second test is a written test that checks your knowledge of highway and traffic regulations. You can prepare for this test by studying a booklet that you can get at the driver’s license office. After you pass the written test, you receive an instruction permit. This permit allows you to practice driving with an experienced driver. The last test you have to take is a road test. This checks your driving ability. If you pass it, you will receive your driver’s license.When you go to the driver’s license office to take the road test, you must provide your own vehicle. First, the license examiner checks the mechanical condition of your car. Then, the examiner gets into the car with you and asks you to drive in regular traffic. While you are driving, the examiner tests you forsuch things as starting, stopping, turning, backing up, and parking. If you can’t control the car properly, or if you violate a traffic regulation while you are taking the test, you fail the examination. You will have to practice driving more until you take the road test again and pass it. Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. What does the second test check?30. What does the instruction permit allow you to do?31. What do we learn about the road test?32. Who are the most probable readers of the passage?Passage ThreeMargaret, married with two small children, has been working for the last seven years as a night cleaner, cleaning offices in a big building.She trained as a nurse, but had to give it up when her elder child became seriously ill. “I would have liked to go back to it, but the shifts are all wrong for me, as I have to be home to get the children up and off to school.”So she works as a cleaner instead, from 9 p.m. till 6 a.m. five nights a week for just ￡90, before tax and insurance. “It’s better than it was last year, but I still think that people who work unsocial hours should get a bit extra.”The hours she’s chosen to work mean that she sees plenty of the children, but very little of herh usband. However, she doesn’t think that puts any pressure on their relationship.Her work isn’t physically very hard, but it’s not exactly pleasant, either. “I do get angry with people who leave their offices like a place for raising pigs. If they realized people like me have to do it, perhaps they’d be a bit more careful.”The fact that she’s working all night doesn’t worry Margaret at all. Unlike some dark buildings at night, the building where she works is fully lit, and the women work in groups of three. “Since I’ve got to be here, I try to enjoy myself — and I usually do, because of the other girls. We all have a good laugh, so the time never drags.”Another challenge Margaret has to face is the reaction of other people when she tells them what she does for a living. “They think you’re a cleaner because you don’t know how to read and write,”said Margaret. “I used to think what my parents would say if they knew what I’d been doing, but I don’t think that way any more. I don’t dislike the work though I can’t say I’m mad about it.”Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. Why did Margaret quit her job as a nurse?34. Why does Margaret get angry with people who work in the office?35. How does Margaret feel when at work?Section CMany businesses, such as department stores, restaurants, hotels and airline companies, use a credit system for selling their products and (36) services. In a credit system, the seller (37) agrees to sell something to the buyer without (38) immediately receiving cash. The buyer (39) receives the goods or services immediately and (40) promises to pay for them later. This “buy-now-pay-later”credit system is quite old. People have been buying things on credit for centuries. But (41) nowadays people use credit cards. There are two types of credit cards. One type is (42) issued directly by a store to a customer. Many large department stores issue credit cards to their customers. The storecredit card can be used to make (43) purchases only at a particular store. The other kind of credit card is issued by a credit company. (44) Credit cards from credit companies can be used to buy things almost anywhere. If you have a major credit card, you can buy airplane ticket, stay at hotels, and eat at restaurants with it. (45) Most large credit companies are connected to large banks. So if you wanta credit card from a credit company, you generally have to make an application at a bank. (46) After an applicant receives a credit card, he or she can use the card to make purchases.上一页下一页。

四级考前最新命制试卷一(有答案)

四级考前最新命制试卷一Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On Credit Card Consumption following the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.1. 现在信用卡消费已成为一种潮流2. 信用卡消费提供很多方便，但也带来了不少问题3. 我的看法……On Credit Card Consumption________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions onAnswer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) andD). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Kindle Killers? The Boom in New E-ReadersAmazon, the online retailing giant, did more than any other company to turn the sale of digital books into a real business with the 2007 launch of the Kindle electronic reader. The company has sold an estimated 1.7 million units of the handheld device in the U.S., and it's getting ready to ship millions more. On Oct. 6, Amazon announced that it would soon begin selling Kindles — complete with a key feature that allows users to wirelessly download e-books from Amazon — in more than 100 countries.Success breeds imitators. Amazon is about to be attacked by a squadron of would-be Kindle killers being brought to market by some of the biggest names in consumer electronics and publishing. To complicate the increasingly competitive landscape even further, Apple and, according to rumor, Microsoft are working on tablet computers that could prove to be handy e-readers but with more functions and features, such as video display capability and full web browsers. ……2009 is a breakout year for e-readers,‟‟ says Sarah Rotman Epps, an analyst with Forrester Research. “But we‟re still in the early stages.”The early stages have lasted a long time. E-readers have been around for more than a decade, but the devices weren't popular due to high cost, proprietary (专利的) display formats and the reluctance of book publishers to sell digital versions of their best-selling titles. Now, just as digital music was driven into the mainstream by Apple's iPod and iTunes, Amazon's Kindle and online bookstore, which sells more than 350,000 titles, are proving there's a mass market for e-books. Total industry revenue from digital-book downloads has risen 149% this year, according to the Association of American Publishers, while e-reader sales are expected to reach 3 million by Dec. 31, according to Forrester Research. Almost a million of the devices could be sold during the upcoming holiday season alone. In 2010, sales are projected to double, to 6 million.That kind of growth is hard to come by in the recession-wracked technology industry, and a crowd is starting to gather. Around the world, at least 17 e-readers are in development or already on the market. Among the better-known entrants is Asustek — the Taiwanese company practically invented the netbook category with its ASUS Eee-PC, and it is working on a product called the Eee-reader that it hopes to have on the market in time for Christmas. South Korea's two powerhouse consumer-electronics companies, Samsung and LG Electronics, are wading in too. Samsung earlier this year introduced a reader called the Papyrus in South Korea; reports circulating in the technology blogosphere say LG is developing a prototype with a large, 11.5-in.(diagonal) flexible screen. Meanwhile, Japan's Fujitsu has released the world's first dedicated e-reader with a color screen, although so far the device is only available in Japan.It isn't just tech companies that are joining the fray. Bricks-and-mortar bookseller Barnes & Noble, which in the U.S. offers access to 750,000 e-books on its website, is rumored to be pondering the development of its own e-reader to rival the Kindle. (The retailer already has a partnership to sell e-readers made by IREX, a spin-off of Holland's Royal Philips Electronics.) Major newspaper and magazine publishers, which are suffering mightily from the loss of subscribers and advertisers to the recession and the Internet, are also getting involved. News Corp. chairman and CEO Rupert Murdoch, owner of the Wall Street Journal, is reportedly considering a deal with Japanese consumer-electronics giant Sony, which in 2004 introduced the first commercially viable e-reader, to use ablack-and-white display technology called electronic ink (also used by the Kindle). Sony is rolling out a new family of e-readers, including a pocket-size version and one with a large screen that's geared toward newspapers and magazines.One reason e-readers are getting traction is that competition is driving down prices. Amazon has cut the price of the Kindle by $100 over the past six months, to $259. As e-readers proliferate (激增) and price disparities narrow, manufacturers are trying to differentiate their products by adding features such as MP3 players and touch screens. The eSlick by Foxit, based in Fremont, Calif., allows users to listen to songs while reading. Asustek recently unveiled a prototype e-reader with two screens, which would more closely duplicate the traditional reading experience, although the device that the company expects to release later this year will have a single screen.At the same time, new display technologies are emerging that promise to improve battery life and make devices more portable and easier to read. U.K.-based Plastic Logic hopes to introduce next year the first e-reader with a plastic screen that will reduce glare and be less prone to cracking when dropped by ham-fisted owners. Electronic-ink technology is set to move from black and white to color by the end of 2010. Even video is on the horizon. "We'll see a range of models start to appear over the first half of 2010" offering "a range of different reading and productivity experiences," says Neil Jones, CEO of U.K.-based Interead, which in May launched a $249 e-reader called the COOL-ER.Newcomers will have a hard time breaking Amazon's chokehold in the U.S., where the company controls 60% of the e-reader market, according to Forrester Research. But the edge Amazon gained when it launched the Kindle could be blunted by evolving technology and changing consumer needs. Currently, more people read e-books on their smart phones than they do on dedicated devices like e-readers.And there's the looming threat posed by next-generation tablet computers. Apple, the king of cool handheld devices, is rumored to be readying a tablet computer with all the functions of a laptop as well as iPhone-like touch capabilities for release early next year. Microsoft has been secretive about its plans for a tablet, but a video making the rounds of the blogosphere show a dual-LCD-screen prototype that closes like a book. "E-readers are a transitional technology," says Rotman Epps of Forrester Research. Which means that just as the e-reader is taking off, it may be becoming obsolete.1. What do we learn about Amazon from the first paragraph?A) It was a giant electronics company. C) It was the first company to sell digital books.B) It released an e-reader named the Kindle. D) It did more business with overseas customers.2. According to the passage, from Oct. 6, users of Kindles can ______.A) read complete books on Amazon for free C) download e-books from Amazon wirelesslyB) change their digital books into paper ones D) connect the handheld device with a computer3. The notebook computer which Microsoft is developing is said to ______.A) beat the Kindle in the market soon C) gain less popularity than e-readersB) be a pale imitation of the Kindle D) be more powerful than e-readers4. One of the reasons e-readers were not popular in the past is that ______.A) they couldn‟t cater for people who have expensive tastesB) the appearance of these devices was not appealing to consumersC) publisher were unwilling to sell digital versions of their best-sellersD) people didn‟t like the low display technologies used in these devices5. According to the author, to sell 6 million e-readers in 2010 is _____.A) unlikely B) possible C) realistic D) easy6. What is said about the Eee-reader in the passage?A) It will bring in big revenue for the company. C) It is the first color-screen e-reader in the world.B) It is developed by a Taiwan-based company. D) It is already available on the international market.7. The e-reader geared to News Corp. will ______.A) help the company attract more advertisers C) be small enough to fit into people‟s pocketsB) have a larger screen than that of the Kindle D) use the same display technology as the Kindle8. Manufacturers are _________________________, like touch screens, to distinct their e-readers from their rivals‟.9. Now e-readers are easier to carry and read thanks to the emergence of _________________________.10. As technology develops and consumer needs _________________________, the advantage the Kindle gave Amazon could no longer exist.Part III Listening Comprehension(35 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and thequestions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you mustread the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) He believes that John was joking. C) He believes that John will resign his job.B) He thinks that the woman is lying. D) He thinks that John will not sell his house.12. A) She doesn‟t like Prof. Emerson at all.B) She hopes to meet Prof. Emerson soon.C) She is happy that Prof. Emerson will be the dean.D) She is not surprised that Prof. Emerson will be the dean.13. A) She has left her umbrella in the office. C) Her bag is too heavy to take her umbrella.B) She doesn‟t believe the weather forecast.D) Her husband is wrong so much of the time.14. A) She doesn‟t know where to find the manager. C) She can help the man right now.B) She can‟t understand what the man means.D) She knows the building very well.15. A) Sam‟s knee should be better by now. C) Sam is not wise to quit school right now.B) This isn‟t a good time for Sam to quit. D) Sam should have stopped playing basketball earlier.16. A) He has been home. C) He has been on vacation.B) He has been in hospital. D) He has been abroad to further his study.17. A) He is extremely lazy.C) He is usually very punctual.B) He is usually late for appointments. D) He is a diligent student.18. A) The band members have been working hard. C) The band members are being paid to play.B) Band practice begins in an hour. D) The band will give a better performance hereafter.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Because of the shop‟s advertisement.B) Because the T-shirts fit him perfectly.C) Because the products are said to be good.D) Because he had some acquaintances there.20. A) They turned to be shabby. C) They became longer.B) They became smaller.D) They lost their colors.21. A) T-shirts on sale always have a poor quality.B) People shouldn‟t always believe in the advertisement.C) People should not buy discounted T-shirts.D) Shops can not run long if they sell discounted products.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A) Relaxing at the seashore. C) Sailing on a boat.B) V isiting her parents. D) Preparing for the race.23. A) She was accommodated only for the weekend.B) She could not put up with the hot weather.C) She felt difficult to focus on his study.D) She had an appointment with her professor.24. A) Play badminton. C) Go fishing.B) Go swimming. D) Wade in the water.25. A) Go to dinner. C) Go to the beach.B) Go to have a BBQ. D) Go to swim.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and questions will be spok en only once. After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) 5 percent. C) 10 percent.B) 8 percent. D) 11 percent.27. A) Manufacturing. C) Building.B) Health care. D) Education.28. A) Men still hold about nine out of every ten top positions.B) Women have become the main earners in American families.C) Men still have the power of control in the family.D) Women attach great importance to their independence.Passage T woQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. A) It was a present from the people of Florence.B) Its face was designed as the sculptor‟s mother.C) It is also known as Freedom of Lady Liberty.D) It is entirely made of copper.30. A) Seven allied countries of the U.S..B) Seven States in America.C) Seven seas and seven continents.D) Seven lights of freedom.31. A) To raise its height. C) To fix its broken parts.B) To enhance its structure. D) To attract more visitors.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. A) 1 million. C) 3. 5 million.B) 2. 5 million. D) 9 million.33. A) Maternal and newborn health. C) Cutting poverty.B) Reduction of child deaths. D) Reducing maternal mortality.34. A) In regions where poverty is prevailing.B) In regions where maternal death rates are high.C) In regions where medication is insufficient.D) In regions where people‟s life expectancy is short.35. A) Lack of resources. C) Weak institutions and H.I.V.B) Lack of commitment. D) Conflicts in these countries.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you arerequired to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. Forblanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blank s, youcan either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words.Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.An interpersonal relationship is a relatively long-term association between two or more people. This association may be (36) _______ on emotions like love and liking, regular business interactions, or some other type of (37) _______ commitment. Interpersonal relationships take place in a great variety of contexts, such as family, friends, marriage, work, clubs, neighborhoods, and (38) _______. They may be regulated by law, custom, or mutual (39) _______, and are the basis of social groups and society as a whole. Although humans are (40) _______ social creatures, interpersonal relationships are not always healthy. Examples of unhealthy relationships (41) _______ abusive relationships and codependence. A relationship is normally viewed as a (42) _______ between two individuals, such as a romantic or (43) _______ relationship, or a parent-child relationship. Individuals can also have relationships with groups of people. Finally, groups or even nations may have relations with each other, though (44)____________________________________________________________________________________. See such articles as international relations for more information on associations between groups. (45) ____________________________________________________________________________________. These intimate relationships are, however, only a small subset of interpersonal relationships. All relationships involve some level of interdependence. People in a relationship tend to influence each other, share their thoughts and feelings, and engage in activities together. Because of this interdependence, (46) ____________________________________________________________________________________.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefullybefore making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark thecorresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You maynot use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Humans use water for three basic purposes: agriculture, industry, and domestic and municipal use (water for drinking, cooking, cleaning, and so forth). And the amount of water 47 to each person decreases as the population grows, 48 the possibility of water shortages. Water shortages will not come all at once in every part of the world, just as the world‟s population is 49 distributed by region, so is the annual supply of 50 water. Rainfall and snowfall are determined by uneven weather patterns and landscape, and as a 51 , some areas of the world get more precipitation (降水) than others. This leads the uneven distribution of water all over the world.Natural water scarcity has 52 many nations to try to increase their water supplies by building dams to catch water that otherwise would escape to the sea, or by sinking more and deeper wells. But these efforts can have 53 side effects that can contribute to water scarcity. Instead of building dams, some countries choose to increase their access to groundwater. But this practice increases the 54 of over-pumping aquifers (蓄水层).Pollution also affects the water supply, reducing the available water by making it toxic or otherwise unfit for human use.Water shortages could also lead to 55 conflicts as countries compete for limited water resources. Political tensions over water often appear when different nations lay claim to the same river, lake, or aquifer. According to the UN, more than 300 river basins and aquifers worldwide cross national boundaries are creating the 56 for conflicts.A) risk I) unevenlyB) densely J) internationalC) result K) limitedD) potential L) raisingE) negative M) nationalF) prompted N) arousingG) available O) renewableH) ruleSection BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on thebest choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.For millions of years before the appearance of the electric light, shift work, all-night cable TV and the Internet, earth‟s creatures evolved on a planet with predictable and reassuring 24-hour rhythms. Our biological clocks are set for this daily cycle. Simply, our bodies want to sleep at night and be awake during the day. Most women and men need between eight and eight and a half hour of sleep a night to function properly throughout their lives. (Contrary to popular belief, humans don‟t need less sleep as they age.)But on average, Americans sleep only about seven and a half hour per night, a marked drop from the nine hours they averaged in 1910. What‟s worse, nearly one third of all Americans get less than six hours of sleep on a typical work night. For most people, that‟s not nearly enough.Finding ways to get more and better sleep can be a challenge. Scientists have identified more than 80 different sleep disorders. Some sleeping disorders are genetic. But many problems are caused by staying up late and by traveling frequently between time zone or by working nights. Dr. James F. Jones at National Jewish Medical and Research Center in Denver says that sleep disorders are often diagnosed as other discomforts. About one third of the patients referred to him with possible chronic fatigue syndrome actually have treatable sleep disorders. “Before we do anything else, we look at their sleep.” Jones says.Sleep experts say that most people would benef it from a good look at their sleep patterns. “My motto(座右铭) is …Sleep defensively‟.” says Mary Carskadon of Brown University. She says people need to carve out sufficient time to sleep, even if it means giving up other things. Sleep routines — like going to bed and getting up at the same time every day — are important. Pre-bedtime activities also make a difference. As with Elsner, who used to suffer from sleeplessness, a few life style changes —avoiding stimulants and late meals, exercising hours before bedtime, relaxing with a hot bath — yield better sleep.57. What do we learn about human sleep from the second paragraph?A) Most people need less sleep when they grow older.B) Most people need seven and a half hours of sleep every night.C) On average, people in the U. S. today sleep less per night than they used to.D) For most people, less than six hours of sleep on a typical work night is enough.58. For our bodies to function properly, we should ______.A) sleep for at least eight hours per nightB) believe that we need less sleep as we ageC) adjust our activities to the new inventionsD) be able to predict the rhythms of our biological clocks59. According to the author, many sleeping disorders are caused by ______.A) other diseases C) pre-bedtime exercisesB) improper sleep patterns D) chronic fatigue syndrome60. Which of the following measures can help you sleep better?A) Having late meals. C) Staying up late.B) Traveling between time zones. D) Taking a hot bath.61. What d oes the author mean by saying “Sleep defensively” (Line 2, Para. 4) means that ______.A) people should go to a doctor and have their problems diagnosedB) people should exercise immediately before going to bed every nightC) people should sacrifice other things to getting enough sleep if necessaryD) people should give up going to bed and getting up at the same time every dayPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Some 23 million additional U.S. residents are expected to become more regular users of the U.S. health care system in the next several years, thanks to the passage of health care reform. Digitizing medical data has been promoted as one way to help the already burdened system manage the surge in patients. But putting pe ople‟s health information in databases and online is going to do more than simply reduce redundancies(冗余). It is already shifting the very way we seek and receive health care.“The social dynamics of care are changing,” says John Gomez, vice president and chief technology strategy officer at Eclipsys, a medical information technology company. Most patients might not yet be willing to share their latest CT scan images over Facebook, he notes, but many parents post their babies‟ ultrasound (超声波) images, and countless patients nowadays use social networking sites to share information about conditions, treatments and doctors.With greater access to individualized health information — whether that is through a formal electronic medicalrecord, a self-created personal health record or a quick instant-messaging session with a physician — the traditional roles of doctors and patients are undergoing a rapid transition.“For as long as we‟ve known, health care has been …I go to the physician, and they tell me what to do, and I do it‟,” says Nitu Kashyap, a physician and research fellow at the Yale Center for Medical Informatics. Soon more patients will be arriving at a hospital or doctor‟s office having reviewed their own record, latest test results and recommended articles about their health concerns. And even more individuals will be able to skip that visit altogether, instead sending a text message or e-mail to their care provider or consulting a personal health record or smart-phone application to answer their questions.These changes will be strengthened by the nationwide shift to electronic medical records, which has already begun. Although the majority of U.S. hospitals and doctors‟ offices are still struggling to start the changeover, many patients already have electronic medical records —and some even have partial access to them. The MyChart program, in use at Cleveland Clinic, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas and other facilities, is a Web portal (门户) through which patients can see basic medical information as well as some test results.Medical data is getting a new digital life, and it is jump-starting a “fundamental change in how care is provided”, Gomez says.62. What does the author say about putting patient information in databases and online?A) It enables more Americans to join the health care system.B) It contributes to the passage of health care reform.C) It increases the burden of the U.S. health care system.D) It changes how people seek and receive health care.63. What do many patients use social networking sites to do according to John Gomez?A) To change their social interactions. C) To post their latest CT scan images.B) To share information about their health care. D) To show their babies‟ recent pictures.64. According to Nitu Kashyap, more patients in the future will ______.A) refuse to follow their doctors‟ adviceB) be more dependent on their doctorsC) leave out their visit to doctors‟ offices and hospitalsD) have their health conditions examined through e-mail65. It is stated in the passage that ______.A) most of U.S. hospitals and doctors are against the shiftB) nationwide digitalization of medical data will begin soonC) patients are worried about the security of their health informationD) patients are starting to make use of their electronic medical records66. The best title for this passage could be ______.。

2023年12月英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(第一套)详细版

此正确答案为C选项。

【听力原文】News Report ThreeLions have disappeared from much of Africa, but for the past few years scientists have wondered if the big cats were hanging on in remote parts of Sudan and Ethiopia. 【5】 Continuous fighting in the region has made surveys difficult. 【6】But scientists released a report Monday documenting, with hard evidence, the discovery of “lost lions”. A team with Oxford University’s Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, supported by a charity organization, spent two nights in November camping in the National Park in northwest Ethiopia, on the Ethiopia-Sudan border.【7】The researchers set out six camera traps capturing images of lions, and identified lion tracks. The scientists concluded that lions are also likely to live in the neighbouring National Park across the border in Sudan. The International Union for Conservation of Nature had previously considered the area a “possible range” for the species, and local people had reported seeing lions in the area, but no one presented convincing evidence.【杀掉拦路虎】 1. Sudan [s?'dɑ:n] n.苏丹2. Ethiopia [?i:θ?'??p??]n.埃塞俄比亚（非洲东部国家）3. Oxford ['?ksf?d]n.牛津（英国城市），牛津大学4.WildlifeConservation[?wa?ld?la?fknsvein] 野生生物资源保护 5. charity [?t??riti]n.慈善（行为）;施舍，捐助;慈善机关;仁爱第6页共56页宽容6. traps [tr?ps]n.随身携带物，随身行李；圈套( trap的名词复数 )；（对付人的）计谋；（练习射击用的）抛靶器；（捕捉动物的）夹子v.诱骗( trap的第三人称单数 )；使受限制；困住；使（水与气体等）分离7. convincing [k?n?v?ns??]adj.令人相信的；有说服力的；令人心悦诚服的 v.使相信(convince的现在分词)；使明白；使确信；说服8. clue [klu:]n. 线索;提示;（帮助警方破案的）线索;（纵横填字谜、游戏或问题的）提示词语; vt. <非正>为…提供最新情况（消息等） 9. Inadequate [?n??d?kw?t]adj. 不充足的;不适当的;不足胜任的;信心不足的10. hazard [?h?z?d] vt. 冒险;使遭受危险;n. 危险;冒险的事;机会;双骰子游戏 11. facility [f??siliti] n. 设备;容易;能力;灵巧Questions 5 to 7 are based on the new report you have just heard.5.What has made it difficult to survey lions in remote parts of Sudan and Ethiopia?5. A) The lack of clues about the species. B) Endless fighting in the region. C) Inadequate funding for research.D) The hazards from the desert. 【答案】B【解析】本题为细节题，由【5】 Continuous fighting in the region has made surveysdifficult.可知：在这一地区不断的战争使调查很困难，a选项是缺乏物种的线索，c选项是研究证据不充分，d选项来自沙漠的危险，本题难点在于对原文理解以及弄懂各个选项的意思。

4级模拟试题及答案

4级模拟试题及答案一、听力理解（共15分）1. A) 6:00 am B) 7:00 am C) 8:00 am D) 9:00 am根据听力材料，火车的发车时间是（）。

2. A) 20% off B) 30% off C) 40% off D) 50% off根据对话内容，商店的折扣是（）。

二、阅读理解（共30分）3. 根据第一篇文章，作者的主要观点是什么？A) 学习英语很重要。

B) 学习英语并不难。

C) 学习英语需要耐心。

D) 学习英语需要多种方法。

4. 第二篇文章中提到的“global warming”指的是什么？A) 全球经济的升温。

B) 全球气温的升高。

C) 全球文化的融合。

D) 全球政治的热化。

三、完形填空（共20分）5. The teacher asked the students to _______ their homework on time.A) hand inB) hand outC) hand overD) hand down6. Despite the heavy rain, they decided to _______ their journey.A) give upB) carry onC) put offD) slow down四、翻译（共20分）7. 请将下列句子从中文翻译成英文。

“我们应该珍惜自然资源，合理利用它们。

”8. 请将下列句子从英文翻译成中文。

“Knowledge is power.”五、写作（共15分）9. 根据以下提示，写一篇不少于120词的短文。

提示：描述你最喜欢的季节，并说明原因。

答案：1. B2. C3. A4. B5. A6. B7. We should cherish natural resources and use them wisely.8. 知识就是力量。

9. [写作答案根据具体内容而定，此处不提供具体答案]。

2024年英语四级考试真题及参考答案

2024年英语四级考试真题及参考答案Introduction:The 2024 English CET-4 (College English Test Band 4) examination is a highly anticipated event for students across the country. As one of the most widely taken English proficiency exams in China, CET-4 serves as an important benchmark in testing students' English language skills. In this article, we will explore the content and structure of the 2024 CET-4 exam, as well as provide reference answers for some sample questions.Section 1: Listening Comprehension1. Sample Question:You will hear a dialogue between a student and a professor. Listen carefully and answer the following question: What is the professor's opinion about online learning?Reference Answer: The professor believes that online learning provides flexibility and convenience for students, but it should not replace traditional classroom teaching entirely.2. Sample Question:You will hear a news report about an upcoming music festival. Listen carefully and answer the following question: What is the main purpose of the music festival?Reference Answer: The main purpose of the music festival is to promote cultural exchange and enhance international understanding through music.Section 2: Reading Comprehension1. Sample Question:Read the following passage and answer the questions below: (Passage about environmental pollution)Question 1: What are the major causes of water pollution?Reference Answer: The major causes of water pollution include industrial waste discharge, agricultural runoff, and improper disposal of household chemicals.Question 2: According to the passage, what can individuals do to help reduce air pollution?Reference Answer: Individuals can help reduce air pollution by using public transportation, conserving energy, and planting more trees.Section 3: Cloze Test1. Sample Question:Read the following passage and fill in the blanks with the appropriate words: (Passage about the importance of reading)Reference Answer: The importance of reading cannot be overstated. It not only expands our knowledge and vocabulary but also enhances our critical thinking and communication skills. Therefore, reading should be encouraged from an early age.Section 4: Writing1. Sample Question:Write an essay of about 200 words on the following topic: Advantages and Disadvantages of Internet Shopping.Reference Answer: Internet shopping has revolutionized the way we shop, offering convenience and a wide range of choices. However, it also poses risks such as fraud and lack of physical interaction. Despite the drawbacks, internet shopping is likely to continue growing in popularity due to its convenience and competitive prices.Conclusion:The 2024 English CET-4 examination covers various language skills, including listening, reading, and writing. By familiarizing ourselves with the structure and content of the exam, we can better prepare for it. Remember, consistent practice and a solid understanding of English language principles are key to success in the CET-4 exam. Good luck to all the test takers!。

2024年大学英语四级考试真题

2024年大学英语四级考试真题2024 University English Test Level Four (CET-4) is a language proficiency test in China. It is designed to assess non-English majors' ability to use English in listening, reading, writing, and translation.Listening Section1. You will hear a series of dialogues and monologues. Listen carefully and answer the multiple-choice questions.2. Pay attention to details such as key words, numbers, and names.3. Practice listening to different accents and speeds of English speakers to improve your comprehension.Reading Section1. Skim the passage to get the main idea before reading in detail.2. Pay attention to the context to understand the meanings of unfamiliar words.3. Practice reading a variety of texts to improve your reading speed and accuracy.Writing Section1. Plan your essay before writing to organize your ideas effectively.2. Use a variety of sentence structures and vocabulary to demonstrate your language skills.3. Proofread your essay to check for grammar and punctuation errors.Translation Section1. Pay attention to the context and cultural differences when translating between English and Chinese.2. Use idiomatic expressions and collocations to convey the meaning accurately.3. Practice translating a variety of texts to improve your translation skills.Overall Preparation Tips1. Start preparing early and allocate time for each section of the test.2. Practice regularly with past test papers and online resources.3. Seek feedback from teachers or language tutors to improve your skills.In conclusion, the 2024 University English Test Level Four (CET-4) requires a comprehensive understanding of English language skills. By practicing regularly and following the above tips, test takers can improve their chances of success. Good luck to all aspiring English learners!。

2022年12月英语四级考试真题一

2022年12月英语四级考试真题一全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇12022年英语四级考试真题一Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying "Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today." You can cite examples to illustrate the importance of seizing the moment. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Passage OnePlastic pollution is one of the major environmental challenges facing the world today. The vast majority of plastics are not biodegradable and can take hundreds of years to decompose. This has led to plastic waste accumulating in landfills and oceans, causing harm to wildlife and potentially entering the food chain.1. What is the main topic of the passage?A) The harm caused by plastic pollution.B) The benefits of using plastic products.C) The biodegradability of plastics.D) The future of plastic waste management.2. Why is plastic pollution a major environmental challenge?A) Because plastics are cheap to produce.B) Because plastics are not biodegradable.C) Because plastics are lightweight.D) Because plastics are widely used in industries.3. According to the passage, what happens to plastic waste?A) It decomposes quickly.B) It harms wildlife and enters the food chain.C) It is biodegradable.D) It has no impact on the environment.Passage TwoThe importance of sleep cannot be overstated. Sleep plays a vital role in promoting physical health, emotional well-being, and cognitive function. Lack of sleep has been linked to numerous health problems, including obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. Therefore, it is essential to prioritize sleep and create healthy sleep habits.4. What is the main point of the passage?A) Sleep is essential for good health.B) Sleep is a waste of time.C) Sleep is only important for physical health.D) Lack of sleep has no impact on health.5. What health problems are associated with lack of sleep?A) Diabetes and heart disease.B) Obesity and depression.C) Cancer and Alzheimer's disease.D) Influenza and the common cold.6. According to the passage, why is it important to prioritize sleep?A) To improve cognitive function.B) To lose weight.C) To increase work productivity.D) To socialize with friends.Passage ThreeTraditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a holistic approach to health that has been practiced for thousands of years. It involves the use of herbal medicine, acupuncture, and other therapies to promote balance and harmony in the body. TCM is gaining popularity in Western countries as people seek alternative treatments for various health conditions.7. What is the main focus of TCM?A) Acupuncture therapy.B) Herbal medicine.C) Western medicine.D) Holistic health.8. According to the passage, what is TCM's approach to health?9. What are some of the therapies used in TCM?10. Why is TCM becoming more popular in Western countries?Part III Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.Questions 11 and 12 are based on the news report you have just heard.11. A) To announce her pregnancy.B) To promote her new album.C) To address rumors about her personal life.D) To share her fitness routine.12. A) It involves a dance routine.B) It is dedicated to her fans.C) It raises awareness about a social issue.D) It features other celebrities.Questions 13 and 14 are based on the news report you have just heard.13. A) It highlights a global issue.B) It features an all-star cast.C) It is directed by a famous filmmaker.D) It tells the story of a real-life hero.14. A) It promotes gender equality.B) It highlights racial discrimination.C) It addresses climate change.D) It raises funds for charity.Questions 15 and 16 are based on the news report you have just heard.15. A) An artwork.B) A documentary.C) An interview.D) A music video.16. A) Shed light on a social issue.B) Promote a new product.C) Raise money for charity.D) Launch a political campaign.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.Questions 17 to 20 are based on the conversation you have just heard.17. A) His extensive travel experience.C) His writing skills.D) His latest book.18. A) The history of the city.B) The best places to eat.C) The local customs and traditions.D) The language spoken.19. A) Buy a map of the city.B) Make a list of must-visit attractions.C) Book a guided tour.D) Learn some basic phrases in the local language.20. A) Visit the museums.B) Taste the local cuisine.C) Attend a cultural event.D) Take a cooking class.Questions 21 to 24 are based on the conversation you have just heard.B) He runs a cooking school.C) He is an expert on Italian cuisine.D) He has a passion for home cooking.22. A) The popularity of Italian cuisine.B) The health benefits of the Mediterranean diet.C) The importance of using fresh ingredients.D) The influence of Italian cuisine on other cultures.23. A) To enjoy a delicious meal.B) To learn how to cook authentic Italian dishes.C) To experience Italian culture.D) To socialize with other food enthusiasts.24. A) Offer cooking classes.B) Provide catering services.C) Host dinner parties.D) Open a restaurant.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese to English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.在当今快节奏的社会中，许多人感到压力大，精神紧张。

4级考前最新命制试卷一

4级考前最新命制试卷一4级考前最新命制试卷一Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How to Relieve Stress. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below.1. 现在人们面临着各种压力2. 人们减压的方法各异3. 我的减压方法How to Relieve StressPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) andD). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.How to Make Peace with Your WorkloadSwamped (忙碌的), under the gun, just struggling to stay above water...; whatever office cliché (陈词滥调) you employ to depict (描述) it, we?ve all been in that situation where we feel like we might be swallowed up by ourworkload. Nonetheless many a way may be used to manage your to-do list to prevent feeling overwhelmed. How to make peace with your workload once and for all goes as follows.Get organized“Clear the deadwood out of your desk and keep your office in shape, which enhances your capability to handle other tasksand raises the probability that you?ll retrieve (重新获得) the items you do need in a faster and easier fashion,” says Jeff Davidson who works as a work-life expert and writer of more than 50 books on workplace issues. “When something can be disp osed, let it go, given in reality most of what you retain is replaceable.”Joel Rudy, vice president of operations for Photographic Solutions, with better than thirty years of business management experience, believes that keeping organized is a must. “Mess y work areas are nonproductive in someme asure. Provided that you can?t locate a document or report easily because it?s lost in a pile of mess, then you have a problematic situation,” he says. “Thereby you are supposed to take the time to tidy up your work areas and keep your important files, man uals and reports in an accessible location, which will maximize your efficiencies.”Make a to-do list, then cover it upIt may sound weird (怪异的), but it works, says Jessica Carlson, an account executive at Bluefish Design Studio which is an advertising consulting firm.Carlson urges her team to utilize to-do lists to stay on track and highlight items that are a priority. “Cover up the list, with the exception of one high-priority task at one time,” she sugge sts. “This will allow you to focus better on the t ask at hand; otherwise, it will be easy to get overwhelmed if you?re reading through a to-do list that spans an entire page. Concentrating on a single item will make your tasks appear like they are more do able,” Carlson says. Stop multitaskingDespite what you may consider multitasking, it?s counterproductive. Unless you?re drinking coffee while scanning your morning e-mails, you?re not saving any time by attemptingto do ten things at once.“If you find yo urself getting tangled(纠缠的) in too many things, it may be of much necessity of you to reevaluate your involvement,” Rudy says. “Your mind will wander from one topic to another and you may end up never accomplishing a thing.” Rudy recommends the best way to stop multitasking is to create priority lists wit h deadlines. “When applicable, complete one project before you move further on to the next one,” he says.Set time limitsDeborah Chaddock-Brown, a work-at-home single parent, says she?s frequently overwhelmed by the demands of maintaining order in her res idence and running her own business. Still, she manages to “do it all” by setting a time limit for each task. “I have the type of personality that flits (轻轻地掠过) from thing to thing because I do have so mu ch on my plate,” Brown says.“As a consequence I ass ign time slots (时隙): For the next 15 minutes I will participate in social media for the purpose of marketing my business (not sending photos or playing Farmville) and that is the only thing I am about to do for the next 15 minutes. When the time is up, I m ove on to the next task. That way, at night I don?t end up with a pile of tasks to accomplish even though I felt busy all day.”Talk to your manager“Quite often, people are working on things that are n o longer a top priority, but someone forgot to tell t hem (that they?re no longer important). There are usually clear priorities in the manager?s head; he or she has just not done a great job communicating those with the employee,” says Holly Green,CEO of The Human Factor.Green?s suggestion unfolds in this manner: “If you find yourself confronted with too many responsibilities, sit down, note the significant things you are in charge of, and go to your manager to have a conversation to discuss priorities, trade-offs, time commitments and interdependencies required to do each thing well, and then ask what you should stop working on or work on less so you can get the right things done.” Green says managers should be willing to help sort out priorities, so long as employees have a can-do approach and aren?t just complaining about their workload.Eliminate time wasters“If interruptions are keeping you from your responsibilities, learn how to deal with them accordingly,” saysEileen Roth, author of Organizing for Dummies. Roth proposes the following suggestions to combat disruptions: “Use voice mail to cut down on telephone interruptions, shut off the alert that says …You?ve got an e-mail? and give staff members a set time to visit with you.”Justin Gramm, president of Globella Buyers Realty, exemplifies(例证) Roth?s point. “E-mail had been a big time waster for me in the past because it was a constant interruption, causing me to lose focus on the task at hand,” he says. Since determined to check his e-mails only twice a day, Gramm says he has become much more efficient. “If people want to get more work done, they need to stop checking e-mails and get down to business,” he says. Assess your workload before taking on new tasks“The paradox (悖论) of today?s work environment is that the more you do, the more that?s expected of you,” Davidson says.In order to better assess your workload, Davidson suggests asking yourself the following questions before agreeing to undertake new responsibilities: Is the task aligned (使一致) with your priorities and goals; Are you likely to be as prone to saying yes to such a request tomorrow or next week; What else could you do that would be more rewarding; What other pressing tasks and responsibilities are you likely to face; Does the other party have options other than you; Will he or she be crushed if you say no?Want to know more?Most of our experts recommended books for additional tips on how to maximize efficiency, but one book was mentioned time and again. Check out The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People.1. Jeff Davidson suggests that you can enhance your work efficiency by _______.A) removing the dead tress from your officeB) improving one?s ability to replace thingsC) getting rid of unnecessary materials at workD) redecorating one?s office when it gets untidy2. What?s the cause of one?s low work efficiency according to Joel Rudy?A) His lack of instruction in handling time while working.B) His lack of sufficient working experience under his belt.C) His weak will-power which can be easily crushed by heavy workload.D) His incapability of managing materials necessary for his doing work well.3. According to Jessica Carlson what is essential in managinga to-do list?A) Having a peaceful mind at work.B) Performing the tasks one by one.C) Giving priority to one task at a time.D) Building a high efficient work-team.4. According to Rudy doing too many things at one time may lead to _______.A) saving much timeB) low efficiencyC) peace of mind at workD) appreciation from the boss5. To manage her to-do list to prevent feeling overwhelmed Deborah Chaddock-Brown _______.A) participates in social media frequentlyB) sets time limits for all tasksC) accomplishes each task at 15 minutesD) tends to make herself feel busy all day6. What does Holly Green think managers should do if employees go to him for help with the work?A) Reevaluate their workload.B) Help sort out priorities willingly.C) Tell them what they?re doing is important.D) Relieve them of too many responsibilities.7. How did Eileen Roth and Justin Gramm consider interruptions at work?A) They distract one from the task at hand.B) They sometimes may make you relaxed.C) They sometimes help improve work efficiency.D) One sometimes won?t do his work well without them.8. Gramm has become much more efficient since he decided to check his e-mails _______________________.9. Davidson says that in work environment nowadays the more you do, _______________________________.10. Most experts recommended ___________________________ as additional tips for those who want to maximizeefficiency.Part III Listening Comprehension(35 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and thequestions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you mustread the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) The woman would sew them back on.B) The woman would quarrel with the man.C) The man would not take the responsibility.D) The man gave the woman a good suggestion.12. A) The man is thinking about taking a new job.B) The man likes a job that enables him to travel.C) The man is sure that he will gain more by taking the job.D) The man doesn?t want to stay at home and take care of his child.13. A) He can treat the woman.B) He broke his ankle.C) He doesn?t have money.D) He must find his check.14. A) The requirement of a class.B) The registration of a class.C) The dropout of a class.D) The schedule of a class.15. A) Working at the company library.B) Studying for a psychology exam.C) Finding some books on investing.D) Making preparation for his report.16. A) He is quite busy for the whole day.B) He is not available until late this afternoon.C) He will come back at 10:30 the next morning.D) He can meet the man sometime next morning.17. A) He is a smart guy.B) He wears formal clothes today.C) He will marry his cousin today.D) He will give his cousin a surprise.18. A) He often feels tired during the winter.B) He wishes the weather could get warmer.C) He?s not sure when spring officially begins.D) He has no time to enjoy the spring weather.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Her mother is ill.B) She won?t go home for the holiday.C) She didn?t get a scholarship to study chemistry.D) Her favorite teacher is ill.20. A) Old and tired.B) Serious and healthy.C) Patient and popular.D) Retired and healthy.21. A) Mr. Amald.B) Miss Stiff.C) Mr. Cobette.D) The woman?s mom.22. A) Sad about them.B) Bad about their teaching.C) Lucky to have had them.D) Happy that they are retired.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) It has so many buildings.B) It?s so large.C) It?s so hard to get familiar with.D) I t?s easy to get around.24. A) Work out the layout of the campus.B) Locate the Darwin Building on the map.C) Attend their biology class.D) Talk about their first impression of the university.25. A) 9:30B) 10:00C) 10:15D) 11:00Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single linethrough the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) The effect of drinking on driving.B) The damage of drinking to your body.C) The introductions of driving skills.D) The process of alcohol being absorbed.27. A) Having a cup of tea helps to get rid of alcohol from the body.B) Drinking below the drink driving limit has no effect on driving.C) Alcohol is taken in more quickly when drunk with fruit juice.D) 50 milligrams of alcohol per 100ml of breath is below the drink driving limit.28. A) He or she will be forbidden to drive for 3 yearsB) He or she should provide specimens for testing.C) He or she should pay a maximum fine of HK $ 25,000D) He or she will be punished for 10 driving-offence pointsPassage TwoQuestions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. A) A judge.B) A writer.C) A teacher.D) A doctor.30. A) She wanted to study by herself.B) She fell in love and got married.C) She suffered from a serious illness.D) She decided to look after her grandma.31. A) She ignored her guilty feeling for her sons.B) She was busy yet happy with her family life.C) She wanted to remain a full-time housewife.D) She was too confused to make a correct choice.32. A) Well begun, half done.B) Every coin has two sides.C) Little by little, one goes far.D) Failure is the mother of success.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) Corbett was poorly trained.B) Corbett didn?t want to hurt Wellman.C) Wellman had lost interest in climbing.D) Wellman hadn?t decided whether to climb again.34. A) He climbed Half Dome by himself.B) He was disabled in a traffic accident.C) He stopped rock-climbing for some time.D) He was saved by Corbett during the climb.35. A) Friendship is precious in life.B) Two heads are better than one.C) The disabled should never give up.D) A man can be destroyed but cannot be defeated.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you arerequired to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 withthe exact words you have just heard. Forblanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, youcan either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words.Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.There are five basic functions of a newspaper: to inform, to review, to persuade, to instruct and to entertain. You may think that this list of functions is in order of (36) _______. But, if so, you would not be in (37) _______ with the majority of the reading public. Of the two (38) _______ of newspaper, the popular and the quality, the former have a readership of millions, while the (39) _______, only hundreds of thousands. Yet the popular papers seem largely (40) _______ for recreation and light-hearted human interest stories. Their news coverage contains lots of comments and (41) _______ language: the information content is low, and instruction is minor. However, the quality newspapers put a much lower emphasis on (42) _______. It is not only in content that the two types of paper differ. There is a difference, too, in the style in which the articles are written. The popular papers (43) _______ use more dramatic language with a lot of wordplay. (44) _______________________________________________________________. In order to decide whether a newspaper is a quality or a popular one, it is not even necessary to read it, since you can tell simply by the way it looks. (45) _______________________________________________________________. They have bigger headlines and morephotographs. There is a greater variety of typeface and printed symbols. Such devices are not only used to make thepaper more attractive; they may also influence what the reader reads. (46) _______________________________________________________________.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefullybefore making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark thecorresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You maynot use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.In June of 2008, I was laid off from my position as a chemist for a pharmaceutical (医药的) company after 17 years in the industry.What should I do for the rest of my life? I knew that I wanted to go back to academe (学院) someday, but I had always envisioned (设想) that would happen when I reached 47 age. Yet here I was at age 44, with a 48 tomake. I knew from recent experience that I enjoyed passing on knowledge to others more than 49 using that knowledge to do the same type of work over and over. All things being equal, I 50 I would rather teach than find another job in industry.At that point I talked at 51 with my graduate adviser and several friends who worked in academe. They 52 me that I could make enough money by moving somewhere with a lower cost ofliving, working in the summers for 53 income, and consulting; and that while the odds that I would find a job at a research university were low, if I applied to undergraduate colleges, I had a(n) 54 chance of finding a position. The second point was fine with me, because I wanted to teach, and running a research program focused on teaching undergraduates how to do research sounded 55 .The first interview was with my university, and it was short, because I already had a good quality and preparation.A week later I traveled to the college for my second campus interview. I had dinner that night with several faculty members, followed by a full day of 56 . In the early afternoon, I taught an organic-chemistry class, filling in for the usual professor, who watched along with other faculty members.Finally, in late March 2010, my university offered me a tenure-track (终身职位) job.A) anticipated I) retirementB) decision J) naturallyC) realized K) lengthD) ease L) convincedE) extra M) frustratingF) reasonable N) graduationG) actually O) interviewingH) satisfyingSection BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on thebest choice and mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.The prospects for women who are scientists and engineers at major research universities have improved, although women continue to face unfair treatment in salary and access to some other resources, a panel of the National Research Council concludes in a new report.In recent years “men and women faculty in science, engineering and mathematics have enjoyed comparable opportunities,” the panel said in its report, released on Tuesday. It found that women who applied for university jobs and, once they had them, for promotion and tenure (终身任职), were at least as likely to succeed as men.In another report this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers at the University of Wisconsin reviewed a variety of studies and concluded that the achievement gap between boys and girls in mathematics performance had narrowed to the vanishing point.Although girls are still of a smaller number in the ranks of young math prodigies (神童), they said, that gap is narrowing, which undermines claims that a greater prevalence (流行) of profound mathematical talent in males is biologically determined. The researchers said this and other phenomena “provide abundant evidence for the impact of sociocultural and other environmental factors on the development of mathematical skills and talent and the size, if any, of math gender gap.”The research council, an arm of the National Academy of Sciences, gathered its expert panel at the request of Congress. The panel surveyed six disciplines —biology, chemistry,mathematics, civil and electrical engineering, and physics — and based its analysis on interviews with faculty members at 89 institutions and data from federal agencies, professional societies and other sources. The panel was led by Claude Canizares, a physicist who is vice president for research at M.I.T, and Dr. Sally Shaywitz of Yale Medical School, an expert on learning.The Wisconsin researchers, Janet S. Hyde and Janet E. Mertz, studied data from 10 states collected in tests authorized by the No Child Left Behind Act as well as data from the National Assessment of Educational Progress, a federal testing program. Differences between girls? and boys? performance in the 10 states were “close to zero in allgrades,” they said, even in high schools where gaps had existed earlier. In the national assessment, they said, differences between girls? and boys? performance were “trivial”.57. We learn from the passage that female scientists and engineers in some universities ________.A) tend to compare themselves with menB) suffer from overwhelming unequal treatmentC) find it difficult to get ideal jobsD) have a future as bright as men58. According to the researchers at the University of Wisconsin, ________.A) girls usually think narrowly in math while boys don?tB) girls can do almost as well as boys in mathematicsC) most girls perform better in mathematics than boysD) there are very few girls who are really talented in math59. What is the conclusion of the research council based on?A) The analysis made by 89 college teachers and data from different agencies.B) The survey of six subjects, interviews with teachers and data from different kinds of sources.C) The survey at the request of the Congress and talks with teachers from 89 institutions.D) The research made by the National Academy of Sciences and the survey within six fields.60. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A) Neither gender nor age affects students? performance in mathematics.B) People expect to see gaps between girls?and boys? performance in high school.C) Different tests show different results concerning students? performance.D) Data from 10 states are not as accurate as those from the national tests.61. The passage is mainly about ________.A) the unfair treatment towards female in universitiesB) women bridging gap in science opportunitiesC) the achievement of female scientists in universitiesD) a national study of teaching methods of mathematicsPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.It?s time to stop complaining. The economy might be melting down like butter in a hot pot, but for some people —you, maybe? — this could be a very good thing.Here?s why. At no other time in recent history has it been easier or cheaper to start a new kind of company. Possibly a very profitable company. Let?s call these start-ups LILOs, for “a little in, a lot out;” These are Web-based businesses that cost almost nothing to get off the ground yet can turn into greatmoneymakers.How do you get star ted? All that?s required is a great idea for a product that will fill a need in the 21st century. These days you?d do best if your idea either makes people money or saves them money. And launching now will make your company stronger later —you?ll learn to survive on fumes until the economy improves.That?s what John T ayman is doing. He?s an author who lives in San Francisco, where I met him; he wrote reviews for a business magazine I edited. Tayman knew little about technology and even less about business. And yet he dreamed of a website that would summarize car reviews from other sources and rank every model of new car. “It?ll be like /doc/0717688926.htmlmeets Kelley Blue Book,” he explained to me during lunch one day last June. Tayman said he intended to b uild the site on the side while continuing to write for a living. He?d work on his new company only at night and on weekends. Oh, yes, and he had only about $10,000. “Good luck with that!” I thought. Id eas are much easier to produce than they are to execute.Tayman went to work with nothing more than his PowerBook laptop. A very well-organized fellow, he quickly discovered a bunch of free stuff online — instructional manuals and sites that walk you through the process from start to finish. Within months, Tayman had a virtual staff of 20 employees working for him in five different countries. /doc/0717688926.htmlwent live in January. Tayman figures he has worked about 10 hours a week on it and hasn?t spent a cent on marketing or advertising. Growth is modest but steady: nearly 10,000 peoplevisit each week.62. What is an advantage of starting a business now?A) It will guarantee you a big success.B) It can never be more profitable.C) It costs you much less than ever before.D) It keeps you from useless complaining.63. What is essential to start your business according to the passage?A) Low-cost products used to be trade.B) A good idea helping people make or save money.C) Starting the business as early as possible.D) Practical products with good quality.64. What is said about Tayman in the passage?A) He chooses to run his business in his spare time.B) He has raised enough funds for his business.C) He is good at Internet technology and e-commerce.D) He came up the idea when talking with his friend.65. How did the author feel on hearing of Tayman?s idea?A) He was sure that it would make profit.B) He thought Tayman was out of his mind.C) He is suspicious of his executive capability.D) He had no confidence in Tayman?s success.66. How is Tayman?s web site going now?A) It starts to be used by more people now.B) It has made a huge profit since January.C) It still copies free stuff from the Internet.D) It has a capacity of 10,000 visits per week.Part V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on theright side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Thenmark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Our society structure affects all human relationships. Most people feel 67 powerless if their specific situations are 68 their control. The resultant (由此产生的) stresses need outlets.There are many different outlets. Many of us are 69 at least sometimes to take out our 70 on people nearest to us. The kind of destructive (毁灭性的) outlet that a woman uses may be 71 —either against her husband or children —72 more often, it is directed towards her children who cannot walk out. Commonly, women turn violent feelings 73 : twice as many women as men suffer from depression. Women are subjected 74 depression. As far as men are 75 , they have been brought up to use their fists —and 76 encouraged to do so. So a man?s outlet can, 77 its extreme form, involve physical violence against his wife and family. Many women have no 78 to escape: they can?t easily leave home. Compared with men, women are 79 powerless.Women are 80 to look after their children. Many women are consequently totally 81 on their husband?s incomes, or earn a little money at part-time, low-paid jobs. Fathers, on the other hand, are not seen by society as 82 for the care of their children.A man can 83 drink all his earnings if he wishes. One of the reasons, some women 84 with beating for so long is because they are concerned about how they could bring up the children with little money on their own if they left. 67. A) specially B) essentiallyC) remarkably D) particularly68. A) beyond B) under C) over D) within69. A) affected B) effected。

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4级考前最新命制试卷一Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How to Relieve Stress. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below.1. 现在人们面临着各种压力2. 人们减压的方法各异3. 我的减压方法How to Relieve StressPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) andD). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.How to Make Peace with Your WorkloadSwamped (忙碌的), under the gun, just struggling to stay above water...; whatever office cliché (陈词滥调) you employ to depict (描述) it, we‟ve all been in that situation where we feel like we might be swallowed up by ourworkload. Nonetheless many a way may be used to manage your to-do list to prevent feeling overwhelmed. How to make peace with your workload once and for all goes as follows.Get organized“Clear the deadwood out of your desk and keep your office in shape, which enhances your capability to handle other tasks and raises the probability that you‟ll retrieve (重新获得) the items you do need in a faster and easier fashion,” says Jeff Davidson who works as a work-life expert and writer of more than 50 books on workplace issues. “When something can be disposed, let it go, given in reality most of what you retain is replaceable.”Joel Rudy, vice president of operations for Photographic Solutions, with better than thirty years of business management experience, believes that keeping organized is a must. “Messy work areas are nonproductive in someme asure. Provided that you can‟t locate a document or report easily because it‟s lost in a pile of mess, then you have a problematic situation,” he says. “Thereby you are supposed to take the time to tidy up your work areas and keep your important files, man uals and reports in an accessible location, which will maximize your efficiencies.”Make a to-do list, then cover it upIt may sound weird (怪异的), but it works, says Jessica Carlson, an account executive at Bluefish Design Studio which is an advertising consulting firm.Carlson urges her team to utilize to-do lists to stay on track and highlight items that are a priority. “Cover up the list, with the exception of one high-priority task at one time,” she suggests. “This will allow you to focus better on the t ask at hand; otherwise, it will be easy to get overwhelmed if you‟re reading through a to-do list that spans an entire page. Concentrating on a single item will make your tasks appear like they are more doable,” Carlson says. Stop multitaskingDespite what you may consider multitasking, it‟s counterproductive. Unless you‟re drinking coffee while scanning your morning e-mails, you‟re not saving any time by attempting to do ten things at once.“If you find yourself getting tangled(纠缠的) in too many things, it may be of much necessity of you to reevaluate your involvement,” Rudy says. “Your mind will wander from one topic to another and you may end up never accomplishing a thing.” Rudy recommends the best way to stop multitasking is to create priority lists wit h deadlines. “When applicable, complete one project before you move further on to the next one,” he says.Set time limitsDeborah Chaddock-Brown, a work-at-home single parent, says she‟s frequently overwhelmed by the demands of maintaining order in her res idence and running her own business. Still, she manages to “do it all” by setting a time limit for each task. “I have the type of personality that flits (轻轻地掠过) from thing to thing because I do have so much on my plate,” Brown says.“As a consequence I ass ign time slots (时隙): For the next 15 minutes I will participate in social media for the purpose of marketing my business (not sending photos or playing Farmville) and that is the only thing I am about to do for the next 15 minutes. When the time is up, I m ove on to the next task. That way, at night I don‟t end up with a pile of tasks to accomplish even though I felt busy all day.”Talk to your manager“Quite often, people are working on things that are no longer a top priority, but someone forgot to tell t hem (that they‟re no longer important). There are usually clear priorities in the manager‟s head; he or she has just not done a great job communicating those with the employee,” says Holly Green, CEO of The Human Factor.Green‟s suggestion unfolds in this manner: “If you find yourself confronted with too many responsibilities, sit down, note the significant things you are in charge of, and go to your manager to have a conversation to discuss priorities, trade-offs, time commitments and interdependencies required to do each thing well, and then ask what you should stop working on or work on less so you can get the right things done.” Green says managers should be willing to help sort out priorities, so long as employees have a can-do approach and aren‟t just complaining about their workload.Eliminate time wasters“If interruptions are keeping you from your responsibilities, learn how to deal with them accordingly,” saysEileen Roth, author of Organizing for Dummies. Roth proposes the following suggestions to combat disruptions: “Use voice mail to cut down on telephone interruptions, shut off the alert that says …You‟ve got an e-mail‟ and give staff members a set time to visit with you.”Justin Gramm, president of Globella Buyers Realty, exemplifies(例证) Roth‟s point. “E-mail had been a big time waster for me in the past because it was a constant interruption, causing me to lose focus on the task at hand,” he says. Since determined to check his e-mails only twice a day, Gramm says he has become much more efficient. “If people want to get more work done, they need to stop checking e-mails and get down to business,” he says. Assess your workload before taking on new tasks“The paradox (悖论) of today‟s work environment is that the more you do, the more that‟s expected of you,” Davidson says. In order to better assess your workload, Davidson suggests asking yourself the following questions before agreeing to undertake new responsibilities: Is the task aligned (使一致) with your priorities and goals; Are you likely to be as prone to saying yes to such a request tomorrow or next week; What else could you do that would be more rewarding; What other pressing tasks and responsibilities are you likely to face; Does the other party have options other than you; Will he or she be crushed if you say no?Want to know more?Most of our experts recommended books for additional tips on how to maximize efficiency, but one book was mentioned time and again. Check out The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People.1. Jeff Davidson suggests that you can enhance your work efficiency by _______.A) removing the dead tress from your officeB) improving one‟s ability to replace thingsC) getting rid of unnecessary materials at workD) redecorating one‟s office when it gets untidy2. What‟s the cause of one‟s low work efficiency according to Joel Rudy?A) His lack of instruction in handling time while working.B) His lack of sufficient working experience under his belt.C) His weak will-power which can be easily crushed by heavy workload.D) His incapability of managing materials necessary for his doing work well.3. According to Jessica Carlson what is essential in managing a to-do list?A) Having a peaceful mind at work.B) Performing the tasks one by one.C) Giving priority to one task at a time.D) Building a high efficient work-team.4. According to Rudy doing too many things at one time may lead to _______.A) saving much timeB) low efficiencyC) peace of mind at workD) appreciation from the boss5. To manage her to-do list to prevent feeling overwhelmed Deborah Chaddock-Brown _______.A) participates in social media frequentlyB) sets time limits for all tasksC) accomplishes each task at 15 minutesD) tends to make herself feel busy all day6. What does Holly Green think managers should do if employees go to him for help with the work?A) Reevaluate their workload.B) Help sort out priorities willingly.C) Tell them what they‟re doing is important.D) Relieve them of too many responsibilities.7. How did Eileen Roth and Justin Gramm consider interruptions at work?A) They distract one from the task at hand.B) They sometimes may make you relaxed.C) They sometimes help improve work efficiency.D) One sometimes won‟t do his work well without them.8. Gramm has become much more efficient since he decided to check his e-mails _______________________.9. Davidson says that in work environment nowadays the more you do, _______________________________.10. Most experts recommended ___________________________ as additional tips for those who want to maximizeefficiency.Part III Listening Comprehension(35 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and thequestions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you mustread the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) The woman would sew them back on.B) The woman would quarrel with the man.C) The man would not take the responsibility.D) The man gave the woman a good suggestion.12. A) The man is thinking about taking a new job.B) The man likes a job that enables him to travel.C) The man is sure that he will gain more by taking the job.D) The man doesn‟t want to stay at home and take care of his child.13. A) He can treat the woman.B) He broke his ankle.C) He doesn‟t have money.D) He must find his check.14. A) The requirement of a class.B) The registration of a class.C) The dropout of a class.D) The schedule of a class.15. A) Working at the company library.B) Studying for a psychology exam.C) Finding some books on investing.D) Making preparation for his report.16. A) He is quite busy for the whole day.B) He is not available until late this afternoon.C) He will come back at 10:30 the next morning.D) He can meet the man sometime next morning.17. A) He is a smart guy.B) He wears formal clothes today.C) He will marry his cousin today.D) He will give his cousin a surprise.18. A) He often feels tired during the winter.B) He wishes the weather could get warmer.C) He‟s not sure when spring officially begins.D) He has no time to enjoy the spring weather.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Her mother is ill.B) She won‟t go home for the holiday.C) She didn‟t get a scholarship to study chemistry.D) Her favorite teacher is ill.20. A) Old and tired.B) Serious and healthy.C) Patient and popular.D) Retired and healthy.21. A) Mr. Amald.B) Miss Stiff.C) Mr. Cobette.D) The woman‟s mom.22. A) Sad about them.B) Bad about their teaching.C) Lucky to have had them.D) Happy that they are retired.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) It has so many buildings.B) It‟s so large.C) It‟s so hard to get familiar with.D) I t‟s easy to get around.24. A) Work out the layout of the campus.B) Locate the Darwin Building on the map.C) Attend their biology class.D) Talk about their first impression of the university.25. A) 9:30B) 10:00C) 10:15D) 11:00Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) The effect of drinking on driving.B) The damage of drinking to your body.C) The introductions of driving skills.D) The process of alcohol being absorbed.27. A) Having a cup of tea helps to get rid of alcohol from the body.B) Drinking below the drink driving limit has no effect on driving.C) Alcohol is taken in more quickly when drunk with fruit juice.D) 50 milligrams of alcohol per 100ml of breath is below the drink driving limit.28. A) He or she will be forbidden to drive for 3 yearsB) He or she should provide specimens for testing.C) He or she should pay a maximum fine of HK $ 25,000D) He or she will be punished for 10 driving-offence pointsPassage TwoQuestions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. A) A judge.B) A writer.C) A teacher.D) A doctor.30. A) She wanted to study by herself.B) She fell in love and got married.C) She suffered from a serious illness.D) She decided to look after her grandma.31. A) She ignored her guilty feeling for her sons.B) She was busy yet happy with her family life.C) She wanted to remain a full-time housewife.D) She was too confused to make a correct choice.32. A) Well begun, half done.B) Every coin has two sides.C) Little by little, one goes far.D) Failure is the mother of success.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) Corbett was poorly trained.B) Corbett didn‟t want to hurt Wellman.C) Wellman had lost interest in climbing.D) Wellman hadn‟t decided whether to climb again.34. A) He climbed Half Dome by himself.B) He was disabled in a traffic accident.C) He stopped rock-climbing for some time.D) He was saved by Corbett during the climb.35. A) Friendship is precious in life.B) Two heads are better than one.C) The disabled should never give up.D) A man can be destroyed but cannot be defeated.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you arerequired to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. Forblanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, youcan either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words.Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.There are five basic functions of a newspaper: to inform, to review, to persuade, to instruct and to entertain. You may think that this list of functions is in order of (36) _______. But, if so, you would not be in (37) _______ with the majority of the reading public. Of the two (38) _______ of newspaper, the popular and the quality, the former have a readership of millions, while the (39) _______, only hundreds of thousands. Yet the popular papers seem largely (40) _______ for recreation and light-hearted human interest stories. Their news coverage contains lots of comments and (41) _______ language: the information content is low, and instruction is minor. However, the quality newspapers put a much lower emphasis on (42) _______. It is not only in content that the two types of paper differ. There is a difference, too, in the style in which the articles are written. The popular papers (43) _______ use more dramatic language with a lot of wordplay. (44) _______________________________________________________________. In order to decide whether a newspaper is a quality or a popular one, it is not even necessary to read it, since you can tell simply by the way it looks. (45) _______________________________________________________________. They have bigger headlines and morephotographs. There is a greater variety of typeface and printed symbols. Such devices are not only used to make the paper more attractive; they may also influence what the reader reads. (46) _______________________________________________________________.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefullybefore making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark thecorresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You maynot use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.In June of 2008, I was laid off from my position as a chemist for a pharmaceutical (医药的) company after 17 years in the industry.What should I do for the rest of my life? I knew that I wanted to go back to academe (学院) someday, but I had always envisioned (设想) that would happen when I reached 47 age. Yet here I was at age 44, with a 48 tomake. I knew from recent experience that I enjoyed passing on knowledge to others more than 49 using that knowledge to do the same type of work over and over. All things being equal, I 50 I would rather teach than find another job in industry.At that point I talked at 51 with my graduate adviser and several friends who worked in academe. They 52 me that I could make enough money by moving somewhere with a lower cost of living, working in the summers for 53 income, and consulting; and that while the odds that I would find a job at a research university were low, if I applied to undergraduate colleges, I had a(n) 54 chance of finding a position. The second point was fine with me, because I wanted to teach, and running a research program focused on teaching undergraduates how to do research sounded 55 .The first interview was with my university, and it was short, because I already had a good quality and preparation.A week later I traveled to the college for my second campus interview. I had dinner that night with several faculty members, followed by a full day of 56 . In the early afternoon, I taught an organic-chemistry class, filling in for the usual professor, who watched along with other faculty members.Finally, in late March 2010, my university offered me a tenure-track (终身职位) job.A) anticipated I) retirementB) decision J) naturallyC) realized K) lengthD) ease L) convincedE) extra M) frustratingF) reasonable N) graduationG) actually O) interviewingH) satisfyingSection BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on thebest choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.The prospects for women who are scientists and engineers at major research universities have improved, although women continue to face unfair treatment in salary and access to some other resources, a panel of the National Research Council concludes in a new report.In recent years “men and women faculty in science, engineering and mathematics have enjoyed comparable opportunities,” the panel said in its report, released on Tuesday. It found that women who applied for university jobs and, once they had them, for promotion and tenure (终身任职), were at least as likely to succeed as men.In another report this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers at the University of Wisconsin reviewed a variety of studies and concluded that the achievement gap between boys and girls in mathematics performance had narrowed to the vanishing point.Although girls are still of a smaller number in the ranks of young math prodigies (神童), they said, that gap is narrowing, which undermines claims that a greater prevalence (流行) of profound mathematical talent in males is biologically determined. The researchers said this and other phenomena “provide abundant evidence for the impact of sociocultural and other environmental factors on the development of mathematical skills and talent and the size, if any, of math gender gap.”The research council, an arm of the National Academy of Sciences, gathered its expert panel at the request of Congress. The panel surveyed six disciplines — biology, chemistry, mathematics, civil and electrical engineering, and physics — and based its analysis on interviews with faculty members at 89 institutions and data from federal agencies, professional societies and other sources. The panel was led by Claude Canizares, a physicist who is vice president for research at M.I.T, and Dr. Sally Shaywitz of Yale Medical School, an expert on learning.The Wisconsin researchers, Janet S. Hyde and Janet E. Mertz, studied data from 10 states collected in tests authorized by the No Child Left Behind Act as well as data from the National Assessment of Educational Progress, a federal testing program. Differences between girls‟ and boys‟ performance in the 10 states were “close to zero in allgrades,” they said, even in high schools where gaps had existed earlier. In the national assessment, they said, differences between girls‟ and boys‟ performance were “trivial”.57. We learn from the passage that female scientists and engineers in some universities ________.A) tend to compare themselves with menB) suffer from overwhelming unequal treatmentC) find it difficult to get ideal jobsD) have a future as bright as men58. According to the researchers at the University of Wisconsin, ________.A) girls usually think narrowly in math while boys don‟tB) girls can do almost as well as boys in mathematicsC) most girls perform better in mathematics than boysD) there are very few girls who are really talented in math59. What is the conclusion of the research council based on?A) The analysis made by 89 college teachers and data from different agencies.B) The survey of six subjects, interviews with teachers and data from different kinds of sources.C) The survey at the request of the Congress and talks with teachers from 89 institutions.D) The research made by the National Academy of Sciences and the survey within six fields.60. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A) Neither gender nor age affects students‟ performance in mathematics.B) People expect to see gaps between girls‟and boys‟ performance in high school.C) Different tests show different results concerning students‟ performance.D) Data from 10 states are not as accurate as those from the national tests.61. The passage is mainly about ________.A) the unfair treatment towards female in universitiesB) women bridging gap in science opportunitiesC) the achievement of female scientists in universitiesD) a national study of teaching methods of mathematicsPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.It‟s time to stop complaining. The economy might be melting down like butter in a hot pot, but for some people — you, maybe? — this could be a very good thing.Here‟s why. At no other time in recent history has it been easier or cheaper to start a new kind of company. Possibly a very profitable company. Let‟s call these start-ups LILOs, for “a little in, a lot out;” These are Web-based businesses that cost almost nothing to get off the ground yet can turn into great moneymakers.How do you get star ted? All that‟s required is a great idea for a product that will fill a need in the 21st century. These days you‟d do best if your idea either makes people money or saves them money. And launching now will make your company stronger later —you‟ll learn to survive on fumes until the economy improves.That‟s what John Tayman is doing. He‟s an author who lives in San Francisco, where I met him; he wrote reviews for a business magazine I edited. Tayman knew little about technology and even less about business. And yet he dreamed of a website that would summarize car reviews from other sources and rank every model of new car. “It‟ll be like meets Kelley Blue Book,” he explained to me during lunch one day last June. Tayman said he intended to b uild the site on the side while continuing to write for a living. He‟d work on his new company only at night and on weekends. Oh, yes, and he had only about $10,000. “Good luck with that!” I thought. Ideas are much easier to produce than they are to execute.Tayman went to work with nothing more than his PowerBook laptop. A very well-organized fellow, he quickly discovered a bunch of free stuff online — instructional manuals and sites that walk you through the process from start to finish. Within months, Tayman had a virtual staff of 20 employees working for him in five different countries. went live in January. Tayman figures he has worked about 10 hours a week on it and hasn‟t spent a cent on marketing or advertising. Growth is modest but steady: nearly 10,000 people visit each week.62. What is an advantage of starting a business now?A) It will guarantee you a big success.B) It can never be more profitable.C) It costs you much less than ever before.D) It keeps you from useless complaining.63. What is essential to start your business according to the passage?A) Low-cost products used to be trade.B) A good idea helping people make or save money.C) Starting the business as early as possible.D) Practical products with good quality.64. What is said about Tayman in the passage?A) He chooses to run his business in his spare time.B) He has raised enough funds for his business.C) He is good at Internet technology and e-commerce.D) He came up the idea when talking with his friend.65. How did the author feel on hearing of Tayman‟s idea?A) He was sure that it would make profit.B) He thought Tayman was out of his mind.C) He is suspicious of his executive capability.D) He had no confidence in Tayman‟s success.66. How is Tayman‟s web site going now?A) It starts to be used by more people now.B) It has made a huge profit since January.C) It still copies free stuff from the Internet.D) It has a capacity of 10,000 visits per week.Part V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Thenmark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Our society structure affects all human relationships. Most people feel 67 powerless if their specific situations are 68 their control. The resultant (由此产生的) stresses need outlets.There are many different outlets. Many of us are 69 at least sometimes to take out our 70 on people nearest to us. The kind of destructive (毁灭性的) outlet that a woman uses may be 71 — either against her husband or children —72 more often, it is directed towards her children who cannot walk out. Commonly, women turn violent feelings 73 : twice as many women as men suffer from depression. Women are subjected 74 depression. As far as men are 75 , they have been brought up to use their fists —and 76 encouraged to do so. So a man‟s outlet can, 77 its extreme form, involve physical violence against his wife and family. Many women have no 78 to escape: they can‟t easily leave home. Compared with men, women are 79 powerless.Women are 80 to look after their children. Many women are consequently totally 81 on their husband‟s incomes, or earn a little money at part-time, low-paid jobs. Fathers, on the other hand, are not seen by society as 82 for the care of their children. A man can 83 drink all his earnings if he wishes. One of the reasons, some women 84 with beating for so long is because they are concerned about how they could bring up the children with little money on their own if they left. 67. A) specially B) essentiallyC) remarkably D) particularly68. A) beyond B) under C) over D) within69. A) affected B) effectedC) inclined D) subjected70. A) recession B) frustrationC) excitement D) misunderstanding71. A) conscious B) mental C) internal D) physical72. A) and B) but C) or D) so73. A) outwards B) upwardsC) inwards D) downwards74. A) with B) to C) into D) by75. A) concerned B) conformedC) confronted D) confused76. A) only B) almost C) even D) just77. A) for B) at C) on D) in78. A) approach B) way C) habit D) means79. A) relatively B) essentiallyC) feasibly D) occasionally80. A) preferred B) promisedC) intended D) expected81. A) distinct B) dependentC) separate D) relevant82. A) responsible B) considerateC) reasonable D) sensible83. A) so B) thus C) still D) ever84. A) put up B) come up C) fall in D) tie in。