英汉翻译基础教程考试重点总结
英汉翻译基础教程考试重点总结
第一单元翻译概论1翻译就是接受语言复制出与原语信息最接近的自然等值体---首先是就意义而言,其次是就风格而言.Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style.2按翻译技巧来分: 直译、意译、音译Literal translation does not mean word-for-word translation. Superficially speaking, it means “not to alter the original words and sentences”, strictly speaking, it strives “to keep the sentiments and style of the original”.例如:paper tiger—纸老虎Free translation is an alternative approach generally used to convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to copy its sentence patterns of figures of speech.例如:Adam’s apple—喉结;at sixes and sevens—乱七八糟It rains cats and dogs—大雨滂沱3按翻译原则方向来分: 异化翻译(Foreignization)和归化翻译(Domestication )归化的例子:as timid as a hare 胆小如鼠at a stone’s throw 一箭之遥wet like a drown rat 湿如落汤鸡as stupid as a goose 蠢得像猪5 傅雷:1951年在《高老头•重译本序》中提出“以效果而论,翻译应当像临画一样,所求的不在形似而在神似。
英汉翻译要点归纳
英汉翻译要点归纳一、翻译步骤1.断句:在标点符号、连词、关系词、介词、不定式符号to、分词处断句,找出句子主干On the whole, /(标点符号处)such a conclusion can be drawn /with(介词处) a certain degree of confidence, /but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude /towards the test /as the others /with whom(关系词处) he is being compared, /and(连词处) only if he was not punished/ by lack of relevant information/ which they possessed.2.翻译:根据断句断开翻译并适当调整语序*语序问题:①中文为主语+废话+主要内容英文为主语+主要内容+废话or废话(多为状语)+主语+主要内容中国作为一个发展中的大国高度重视中美两国之间的友谊。
As a major developing country,(状语先译) China attaches great importance to the bilateral relations between China and the U.S(废话后译).②总分关系:中文先分后总,英文先总后分③事实与评论:中文先事实后评论,英文先评论后事实我们要努力学习英语,这是很重要的。
It is very important(先评论) for us to make efforts to study English.●比较级属于评论性词,最后译3.重读:看是否符合中文习惯二、两个规律1.谓语动词过渡:只译主要动词(强势动词,有感情色彩),不译次要动词(弱势动词,无感情色彩)I give you my support.我支持你(give弱势动词,不用翻译)2.抽象名词译法:【抽象名词:the+n.+of结构中名次通常为抽象名词,且常以“-tion,-sion,-ment,-ing”形式出现】译法:A.有动词词根:译为动词The suggestion of mine is that 我建议……B.无动词词根:进行增词the spirit of our nation我们民族所具有的精神C.AB互换(“偏正互换”译法)在英译汉中偏正→正偏treasury of silt宝贵的泥沙 European’s today当今的欧洲人三、中英文两个差异1.长短差异:中文善用短句,用标点隔开;英文善用长句,不用标点→在进行英译汉时要进行断句翻译2.动静差异:中文是动态性语言,善用动词副词,善用强势动词;英文是静态性语言,善用名词,善用弱势动词→在汉译英中常把ad.转化为v.,把v.转化为n.在经济上,我们要加快(副词)建立(动词)社会主义市场经济体制。
汉译英基础与翻译要点
3.中国的风景很美。 The sceneries of China are very fine. (误)
4.他们没有房子住。 They have no houses to live. (误) 5.比起福克纳他更喜欢海明威。
译文3 His trip left a strong impression on him.
译文4 What he saw on his trip marked (impressed, struck) him deeply.
译文5 He has many unforgettable memories of his trip.
18.兔子的耳朵比猫的长。
The ears of a hare are longer than that of a cat. (误)
13. Make haste, or you will be behind time. 14. Bid farewell to the old and usher in the
16.你小时候读过的那些有趣的故事还记得吗?
When you were a boy do you remember all the interesting stories you read? (误)
17.从汽车的挡风玻璃望过去,我们远远地就看 见了那宝塔。
Looking out of the windshield, the pagoda would be seen by us in the distance. (误)
3. The scenery of China is very fine. 4. They have no houses to live in. 5. He likes Hemingway better than Faulkner. 6. This watch wants repairing.
英汉笔译翻译知识点总结
英汉笔译翻译知识点总结一、翻译基本原则1.忠实原文:译员要尽量准确而精确地传达原文的信息,忠实于原文作者的意图和表达方式;2.流畅通顺:译文的语言应该通顺自然,符合英语或汉语的语法规则和语言习惯;3.意译和直译:在保证忠实原文的基础上,根据两种语言的语言特点和表达习惯进行适当的意译,尤其是对于一些文化、习俗和历史上的隐喻或难以直译的内容;4.语言风格:要根据原文的语言风格和语体特征来选择相应的汉语或英语表达方式,确保译文贴近原文的语言特点;5.语言规范:在翻译过程中要注意遵守语言规范,不使用或尽量避免使用一些不规范或过时的词语和表达方式。
6.专业术语:对于某些特定行业或领域的专业术语,译员需要具备相应领域的专业知识和翻译经验,确保专业术语的准确使用。
二、语言对等1.词义对应:在翻译过程中,需要根据上下文和语境来选择合适的词语或短语,确保译文能够准确传达原文的意思,同时考虑到词语在语言文化中的习惯用法,避免歧义或误解;2.句式结构:要注意保持译文的语法结构和句式特点,尽量做到与原文相对应,并保持句子的逻辑关系和信息传递的连贯性;3.逻辑衔接:译文在表达所传达的信息时,要考虑到原文的表述方式和逻辑关系,保持原文的表达方式,确保译文的逻辑衔接和信息传达的清晰度。
三、文化因素1.习俗和习惯:在翻译过程中要考虑到不同文化背景下的习俗和习惯,尤其是涉及到生活方式、风俗习惯或宗教信仰等方面的内容,需要进行适当的意译或文化调整;2.历史背景:有些原文中的词语或表达方式可能涉及到特定的历史事件或文化背景,译员需要了解相关的历史知识和文化背景,确保译文的准确性和可理解性;3.惯用语和成语:在翻译过程中要注意汉语和英语的惯用语和成语的差异,避免直译误解,尽量使用相近义的惯用语和成语,确保译文的自然流畅。
四、修辞手法1.隐喻和比喻:在翻译中,对于原文中的隐喻和比喻,译员需要根据上下文和语境进行合适的意译,确保译文能够传达原文作者的表达意图和情感色彩;2.排比和对仗:在翻译文学作品时,需要注意原文中的排比和对仗等修辞手法,选择相应的汉语或英语表达方式,保持原文的格调和艺术效果;3.修辞疑问:译员需要充分理解原文的修辞手法和表达方式,并在译文中保留相应的修辞特色,确保译文的艺术性和表现力。
汉英笔译基础教程 翻译技巧及真题[精]
专八翻译技巧
(九)注意时态
翻译时须注意选择合适的时态。
例:中国古代素来以不怠于物不为物役为最主要的人生哲学。 Ancient Chinese always regard "not confined by material, not driven by material" as the major philosophy. 描述的是一般事实,用一般现在时即可。
专八翻译技巧
(二)谓语最小化原则 1.使用介词短语
例:用什么样的姿态迎接充满希望的新世纪 in what way the young generation should embrace the forthcoming new century replete with hopes (is ……
2.使用不定式短语
上海翻译资格证书考试真题解析
(八)英语避免重复
例:背离古训(古老的真理) depart from established maxims / truths time-honored mottos are always ignored
(九)四字词
吃透原文含义。 例:亡国灭种的民族危机 the national crisis 赴汤蹈火 go through fire and water
上海翻译资格证书考试真题解析
(三)谓语最小化(动词转译) 1.动词变成名词
例:坚持预防为主、综合治理、全面推进、重点突破 adhering to the principle of prevention first, comprehensive control, entire push-on and key-point breakthrough
英汉翻译基础教程考试重点总结
第一单元翻译概论1翻译就是接受语言复制出与原语信息最接近的自然等值体---首先是就意义而言,其次是就风格而言.Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style.2按翻译技巧来分: 直译、意译、音译Literal translation does not mean word-for-word translation. Superficially speaking, it means “not to alter the original words and sentences”, strictly speaking, it strives “to keep the sentiments and style of the original”.例如:paper tiger—纸老虎Free translation is an alternative approach generally used to convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to copy its sentence patterns of figures of speech.例如:Adam’s apple—喉结;at sixes and sevens—乱七八糟It rains cats and dogs—大雨滂沱3按翻译原则方向来分: 异化翻译(Foreignization)和归化翻译(Domestication )归化的例子:as timid as a hare 胆小如鼠at a stone’s throw 一箭之遥wet like a drown rat 湿如落汤鸡as stupid as a goose 蠢得像猪5 傅雷:1951年在《高老头 重译本序》中提出“以效果而论,翻译应当像临画一样,所求的不在形似而在神似。
英汉翻译第2-3 总结
(1)英语间接汉语直接
Pass away pine away
be with god go to a better world
寿终、作古、百年、驾鹤西游、与世长辞
(2)委婉语
①官方委婉语
失业现象Human resources underdevelopment (人力资源未充分开发)
生活在贫困线以下的穷人disadvantaged(机遇不佳)
After exchanging a few polite remarks when we met, he observed that I looked“fat”, and having made that complimentary remarks he started a violent attack on the revolutionaries.
她以毫不在乎的眼光看着我。
3. This is a great challenge to the jurors.
这对陪审员来说是一个非常艰巨的任务。
4. That those who had learned from us now excelled us was a real challenge.
曾向我们学习的人反倒超过了我们,这对我们确实是个促进(激励)。
Similar mistakes are not uncommon.
犯相同的错误很常见。
③委婉否定
I don’t believe that Chinese is inferior to any language in the world.
我相信,汉语并不亚于世界任何其他语言。
Let me catch you at it again!
英译汉基础翻译要点
1Solutions of the problem of old age have to be considered against a historical backbackground of 2slow but substantial changes in Chinese family structure, 3caused by rising living standards and family planning. planning.
3. I leave Peking tonight, hearted with agreement we have reached, cheered by the frankness and fullness our discussions, grateful for the hospitality you have accorded our party.
2. I consider a human soul without education, like marble in the quarry, which shows none of its inherent beauties, until the skill of the polisher fetches out the colors, makes the surface shine, and discovers every ornamental cloud, spot and vein that runs through the body.
3由于人民生活水平的不断提高以 及计划生育, 及计划生育,2中国的家庭结构发 生着缓慢却又具有实质性的变化, 生着缓慢却又具有实质性的变化, 1必须根据这一历史背景考虑人到 老年的问题。 老年的问题。
汉英翻译基础教程 期末考试总结
第三章名词的抽象和具体译法第一节名词的抽象译法(p68)粗枝大叶to be crude and careless (with big branches and large leaves)海阔天空to talk with random(with a vast sea and boundless sky)灯红酒绿dissipated and luxurious (with red lights and green wine)纸醉金迷of life of luxury and dissipation (with drunken paper and bewitched gold)单枪匹马to be single-handed in doing sth (with a solitary spear and a single horse)赤胆忠心ardent loyalty (with red gut and heart)无孔不入to take advantage of every weakness (to get into every hole)扬眉吐气to feel proud and elated (to raise the eyebrows and let out a breath)开门见山to come straight to the point (to open the door and see the mountain)大张旗鼓on a large and spectacular scale (to make a great array of flags and drums)风雨飘摇(of a situation) being unstable (the wind and rain are rocking)二.翻译下列句子(1)这是他们夫妻之间的事情,你去插一脚干吗?That’s a business of their own, between husband and wife. Why should you get involved in? (2)别人家里鸡零狗碎的事情你都知道得这么全,真是个顺风耳啊!You know all the bits and pieces of trifles of other families。
全国翻译资格考试汉译英考点大全
全国翻译资格考试汉译英考点大全全国翻译资格考试是一项具有重要意义和挑战性的考试,对于想要从事翻译工作或者提升翻译能力的人来说,是一个重要的衡量标准。
汉译英部分作为其中的关键组成部分,涵盖了众多的考点,需要考生全面掌握和熟练运用。
以下是对全国翻译资格考试汉译英部分常见考点的详细梳理。
一、词汇层面1、词汇选择在汉译英中,准确选择词汇至关重要。
这不仅包括常见词汇的正确翻译,还涉及到根据语境选择恰当的词汇。
例如,“重视”可以翻译为“attach importance to”“pay attention to”“value”等,但具体使用哪个词汇要根据上下文来决定。
2、专业词汇不同领域的文本会涉及到特定的专业词汇。
比如,在经济领域,“通货膨胀”是“inflation”,“货币政策”是“monetary policy”;在科技领域,“人工智能”是“artificial intelligence”,“大数据”是“big data”。
考生需要积累常见领域的专业词汇,以确保翻译的准确性。
3、词汇搭配中文和英文在词汇搭配上有很大的差异。
例如,“做研究”在英文中是“conduct research”而不是“do research”;“取得进步”是“make progress”而不是“get progress”。
熟悉这些常见的词汇搭配能让译文更地道。
4、词汇的多义性很多词汇在不同的语境中有不同的含义。
比如“run”这个词,既可以表示“跑”,也可以表示“经营”“管理”等。
考生需要根据具体语境判断词汇的准确含义。
二、句子层面1、句子结构中文句子结构相对灵活,而英文句子结构较为严谨。
在汉译英时,要注意将中文的松散结构转化为符合英文语法规则的结构。
例如,将“他学习很努力,所以成绩很好。
”翻译为“He studies very hard, so he gets good grades”2、主从复合句英文中经常使用主从复合句来表达复杂的逻辑关系。
英译汉基础翻译要点共21页文档
英译汉基础翻译要点
11、获得的成功越大,就越令人高兴 。野心 是使人 勤奋的 原因, 节制使 人枯萎 。 12、不问收获,只问耕耘。如同种树 ,先有 根茎, 再有枝 叶,尔 后花实 ,好好 劳动, 不要想 太多, 那样只 会使人 胆孝懒 惰,因 为不实 践,甚 至不接 触社会 ,难道 你是野 人。(名 言网) 13、不怕,不悔(虽然只有四个字,但 常看常 新。 14、我在心里默默地为每一个人祝福 。我爱 自己, 我用清 洁与节 制来珍 惜我的 身体, 我用智 慧和知 识充实 我的头 脑。 15、这世上的一切都借希望而完成。 农夫不 会播下 一粒玉 米,如 果他不 曾希望 它长成 种籽; 单身汉 不会娶 妻,如 果他不 曾希望 有小孩 ;商人 或手艺 人不会 工作, 如果他 不曾希 望因此 而有收 益。-- 马钉路 德。
英译汉翻译基础理论教程
Chapter 1General Principles1.1What Is Translation?Translation is a rendering from one language into another, and is the faithful representation in one language of what is written or said in another language. So translation can be roughly defined as a reproduction or recreation。
Being a very complicated human activity, its whole picture is never easy to describe.Scholars with different academic backgrounds have attemted to define it from various perspectives .For example: The fan ,with its modern,elegant,bright and harmoniously,colored design,is an excellent electrical household appliance for cooling purpose on hot days.( 本电扇,款式新颖, 造型大方,色彩鲜艳, 色泽调和,是炎炎夏日用于消暑纳凉的家电精品.) 2,年近而立之年(He is getting on for thirty.); 3 一次得手,再次不愁. (If it worked once, it can work twice.)So translation is also a science, an art, a craft or skill. Translation mainly includes the following aspects: linguistic, cultural literary, semantic, functional and communicative views on it.1)Linguistic Views on TranslationTranslation theorists from the linguistic school conceive of translation as a linguistic activity and some believe that translation theory is a branch of linguistics.E.G.,He helps us finish the project in every field of their endeavor.2)Cultural View on TranslationIn the cultural approach, translation is regarded not only as a transfer of linguistic signs, but also as a communication of cultures, namely, “intercultural communication.”E. G.(1) There are many starred hotels in the city.(2) He has been to “summer resort.”(3) Here is a “folk customs park”.3) Literary Views on TranslationIt is an artistic recreation or recreated art.E. G.They also like to plant red pepper they know pretty well how to make full use of it, either in front of their doors or behind their houses. This is both practical and fine-looking.四川人食辣椒,也爱种植辣椒,门前屋后,见缝插针,既美观又饱口福。
《英汉翻译基础教程》 笔记及习题(翻译的类型)【圣才出品】
第10单元翻译的类型10.1 复习笔记按照文本类型来分,翻译可分为科技翻译、文学翻译、商务翻译、经贸翻译等;按照处理方法来分,翻译可以分为全译、编译、摘译、节译等等。
一、全文翻译(complete translation)全文翻译指译者对原文或原著的完整的翻译,不加任何删节。
全文翻译主要体现在文学作品翻译上,尤其是诗歌。
1. 操作原则全文翻译必须强调再现原作内容和形式的完整性和整体性,译者只能进行“微观调整”。
2. 适用范围全文翻译适用范围最广,任何语体、任何文体的作品都可以,尤其是政治外交场合、法律文书、严肃文学作品等。
3. 对译者要求全文翻译对译者提出的要求是:译者需要具备的翻译能力;译者不能对原作进行改动,限制译者主体性的发挥。
二、节译(selected translation)节译指一部著作或一篇文章局部地被删节了的翻译。
节译在内容的删取上相对比较多,有时候由于社会文化或经济政治的原因,译者经过对实际利益、译文可能的社会效应的权衡后选择删除。
节译的内容能保持意义的相对完整。
1. 操作原则节译遵循的原则为:针对性原则和重要性原则。
2. 适用范围节译也可适用多种文体的翻译,例如文学作品的节选翻译、社科作品的选段翻译等等。
节译的内容必须具有相当的整体性,能够独立成为思想意义相对完整的语篇。
3. 对译者要求节译对译者提出的要求是:译者需要具备的翻译能力;译者具备对原作各部分内容的分析判断能力,能够对原作整体思想进行准确无误的把握。
三、改译(rewriting)改译是译者在理解原作的基础上根据自己的理解重新书写的翻译方法,是译者的重新创作。
改译就是译者因为思想意识和诗学的限制而选择的处理原文语言文化有关问题的策略。
1. 操作原则改译遵循的原则为:改变必须以原作为基础;保证译文的整体性。
2. 适用范围改译可用于文学作品的译介,也可用于应用文体翻译,例如广告翻译。
3. 对译者要求改译对译者提出的要求是:译者需要具备对原文的理解与表达能力、文学创作能力、对作品内容重组能力等。
汉英翻译10大必考点【word版】
汉英翻译中的10大必考考点:1.被动语态在不同时态中的应用2.形容词和副词的比较级(一般不考最高级)3.倍数、半数的表达法4.require、demand、order、claim等动词后接宾语从句时从句的虚拟性表达5.It is time…、It is natural…等词后接宾语从句时从句的虚拟性表达6.If 引导的条件状语从句、及虚拟语气的表达定语从句的恰当表达7.no matter 引导的状语从句8.主语从句、动词不定式复合结构作主语9.现在分词和过去分词在句子中的应用10. 倒装句式的使用1)The size of my room is three times the size of yours.我房间的面积是你房间的三倍。
2) Tom bought a same book as mine early this morning.汤姆今天早上买了一本和我的一样的书。
3) I was reading a novel when my mother came in to fetch some books. 我正在读小说,突然我妈妈进来送些书给我。
4)Since he has been late, I will leave some message notes for him.既然他已经晚点了,我就给他留几个便条吧。
5) He eventually succeeded after (he experienced) many failures.在经历了许多失败之后,他终于成功了。
6)We got very surprised at his going to school late every day.我们对他天天上学迟到感到惊奇7)Everybody was shocked at her killing boyfriend.她能杀了她男朋友,大家都很吃惊。
8)I don’t believe that he can mock/ridicule me.我不相信他会嘲弄我。
汉英翻译基础教程复习笔记
第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译第一节翻译中的选义You shall know a word by the company it keeps. (John Firth)1. man: man and wife 夫妻 officers and men 官兵his man Friday 佣人,仆人 man-of-war 战舰be a man! 像个男子汉!(勇敢一些,坚强一些)2. “好”的译法:好的开始是成功的一半。
Well begun, half done.他的身体很好。
He is very well. (He is in the pink of health.)计划订好了。
The plan has been drawn up.好,今天到此为止。
Well, let us call it a day.身体好,学习好,工作好。
Keep fit, study hard and work hard.3. 轻巧:这摩托车很轻巧。
The motorcycle is light and handy.她动作很轻巧。
She is nimble in movement.你说得倒轻巧,你也给我捧个奖杯回来。
You talk as if it were just a walkover. Why not try yourself and see if you can bring back a trophy, too?4. 意思:甲:这一点小意思,请务必收下。
乙:你这个人真是有意思,怎么也来这套?甲:唉,只是意思意思。
乙:啊,真是不好意思。
A: This is a little gift as a token of my appreciation. Please do take it.B: Oh, aren’t you a bit too polite? You should not do that.A: Well, it just conveys my gratitude.B: Ah, thank you then, though I really do not deserve it.5. 我在银行里为你挂个名,你白天去走走,晚上教我儿子,以一面找机会。
《英汉翻译基础教程》笔记及习题(段落翻译)【圣才出品】
《英汉翻译基础教程》笔记及习题(段落翻译)【圣才出品】第5单元段落翻译5.1 复习笔记语段是篇章的基本结构单位。
语段亦称句群或句⼦组合,是⼤于句⼦的语⾔⽚段。
⼀、英汉段落⽐较英语段落的构成⼤致可分为两类:(1)“主题句——阐述句——总结句”的结构;(2)利⽤连词体现各种句际关系,并以某⼀中⼼思想统领的形散神聚结构。
汉语段落通常都围绕⼀个较为含蓄的中⼼思想展开的。
在⼀个语段中,汉语句⼦⼀般按时间顺序排列。
汉语句群可先总论或分说,也可先分说后总论,加上“总之”等词语。
⼆、逻辑关联翻译过程中,逻辑思维对于翻译的理解、分析、表达及译⽂校正等都很重要。
英语是⼀种“形合语⾔”(a Language of Hypotaxis),所以英语重逻辑性。
⼀般说来,英语句⼦逻辑标志(1ogic markers)⾮常明显,即⽤连接词来明⽰其逻辑关系。
But occasionally, through haste or carelessness, mistakes were made, so that at the end of the business day one teller would be short on cash, the other long.【译⽂】但是,偶尔也有这种情况,由于仓促匆忙或者粗⼼⼤意⽽造成错误,结果当天停业结算时,有的出纳会短了现⾦⽽另⼀个却会多了现⾦。
三、顺序调整在英汉互译中,根据语篇的需要,进⾏语序的调整。
例:It was no burden to me but a relief to dictate from my general body of knowledge acquired at the summit full explanations to one I know so well.【译⽂】根据我在峰会所获得的全部知识来对我所深知的⼈作全⾯说明,这并不是⼀种负担,⽽是使我如释重负。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
第一单元翻译概论1翻译就是接受语言复制出与原语信息最接近的自然等值体---首先是就意义而言,其次是就风格而言.Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style.2按翻译技巧来分: 直译、意译、音译Literal translation does not mean word-for-word translation. Superficially speaking, it means “not to alter the original words and sentences”, strictly speaking, it strives “to keep the sentiments and style of the original”.例如:paper tiger—纸老虎Free translation is an alternative approach generally used to convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to copy its sentence patterns of figures of speech.例如:Adam’s apple—喉结;at sixes and sevens—乱七八糟It rains cats and dogs—大雨滂沱3按翻译原则方向来分: 异化翻译(Foreignization)和归化翻译(Domestication )归化的例子:as timid as a hare 胆小如鼠at a stone’s throw 一箭之遥wet like a drown rat 湿如落汤鸡as stupid as a goose 蠢得像猪5 傅雷:1951年在《高老头 重译本序》中提出“以效果而论,翻译应当像临画一样,所求的不在形似而在神似。
”6. 钱钟书:1964年在《林纾的翻译》一文中提到“文学翻译的最高理想可以说是“化”,把作品从一国文字转变成另一国文字,既能不因语文习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹,又能完全保存原作的风味,那就算得入与“化境”。
7 But I hated Sakamoto, and I had a feeling he’d surely lead us both to our ancestors.但是我恨坂田,并预感到他肯定会领着咱们去见祖先。
8 Don’t cross the br idge till you get to it.不必担心太早。
(不必自寻烦恼)9 Do you see any green in my eyes?你以为我是好欺骗的吗?10 Ruth was upsetting the other children, so I showed her the door.鲁斯一直在扰乱别的孩子,我就把他撵了出去。
第二单元英汉对比1汉语和英语的对比研究,始于100年多前《马氏文通》,这是我国第一部汉语语法书,是在比较和模仿拉丁文法的基础上写成的。
2中国传统哲学主张“天人合一”、“万物与我为一”,反映在语言上就是施事主体可以蕴含在行为事件的主观表现中。
3因此在句子构造中,汉语并不把主语看成必要的成分。
正如王力所说:“就句子结构而论,西洋语言是法治的,中国语言是人治的。
法治的不管主语用得着用不着,总要呆板地求句子形式的一律,人治的用得着就用,用不着就不用,只要能使人听懂说话人的意思,就算了。
”4正因为汉语缺乏主语,语言学家从语言类型学的角度出发,认为汉语是主题显著(topic-prominent)的语言。
5 A dialect is known by every linguist in this room.一种方言被这间屋子里的每一个语言学家所懂得。
有一种方言这间屋子里的每一个语言学家都懂得。
6.I would not believe what he said.他的话,我可不信。
7.I did not remember a single point discussed at the meeting.会上讲了什么,我一点没记住。
8 I know Mr. Wang.王先生我认识。
9. He is the best singer.唱歌,他是最棒的。
11. Even if the monk can run away, his temple cannot run with him.跑得了和尚,跑不了庙。
12. Even if I were to be beaten to death, I will not tell.打死我也不说。
13. Modesty helps one go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.谦虚使人进步,骄傲使人落后。
14. If winter comes, can spring be far behind?冬天来了,春天还会远吗?15. We will not attack unless we are attacked.人不犯我,我不犯人。
16. As the weather was fine, we decided to climb the mountain.(由于)天气很好,我们决定去爬山。
17. My sister was expecting me, so I had to go now.我妹妹在等我,我得走了。
18. A body in motion remains in motion at a constant speed in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force.没有外力的作用,运动的物体就连续做匀速直线运动。
19 We knew spring was coming as we had seen a robin.我们看见了一只知更鸟,知道春天快要到了。
20西文句中名物字,多随举随释,如中文之旁支,后乃遥接前文,足意成句。
”(严复)英语句子“多随举随释”,枝杈蔓生,呈树状结构,分叉处有介词,关系代词连接。
而汉语按时间顺序或逻辑顺序逐层展开,节节延伸,犹如竹子。
21 The boy, who was crying as if his heart would break, said, when I spoke to him, that he was very hungray because he had had no food for two days.男孩哭得心都快碎了,当我问及他时,他说饿极了,有两天没吃了。
22.The moon is so far from the earth that even if huge trees were growing on the mountains and elepants were walking about, we could not see them through the most powerful telescopes which have been invented.月球离地球非常遥远,即使那边山上长着大树,有大象在跑来跑去,我们用已经发明的最高倍率的望远镜也不能看到它们。
23. Upon his death in 1826, Jefferson was buried under a stone which described him as he had wished to be remembered as the author of the Declaration of Independence and the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom and the father of the University of Virginia.1826年杰斐逊逝世。
按他生前遗愿,在他墓地的石碑上刻着:独立宣言和弗吉尼亚州信教自由法令的作者,弗吉尼亚大学创建人之墓。
24 由此可见,英语是“静态”的语言,而汉语则是“动态”的语言。
“英语的静态修辞实质是名词优势和介词优势,而介词优势又是名词优势的必然结果。
因为名词与名词之间要借助介词来联结。
” 因此,在英译汉时常常要变“静”为“动”,摆脱名词化的框架和大量介词的干扰,突出原文的动态色彩。
25. Admittance Free 免票入场26. Out of Bounds 游客止步27. No Admittance Except on Business 闲人免进28. Danger of Death – High V oltage! 高压(电),生命危险!29. Party officials worked long hour on meagre food, in cold caves, by dim lamps.党的干部吃着粗茶淡饭,住着寒冷的窑洞,点着昏暗的油灯,长时间地工作。
30 What film will be on this evening? 今晚放映什么影片?31. He walked around the house with a gun. 他拿着枪,绕着屋子走。
32 A study of that letter leaves us in no doubt as to the motives behind it.研究一下那封信,就使我们毫不怀疑该信是别有用心的。
33. The very first sight of her made him fall in love with her. 他对她一见钟情。
34中国传统哲学以人为本,追求人与自然的和谐,把天、地、人视为一个统一体,即“天人合一”。
《易经》提出了有机整体的图式,把自然现象和人事凶吉都纳入阴阳两极所组成的六十四卦系统之中,为中国传统思维奠定了基础。
35 I have read your articles, but I expect to meet an older man.我读过你的文章,但没料想你会这样年轻。
36 A seaman knows that the sea is all-powerful and can, under certain circumstances, destroy man and the product of his brain and hand, the ship.水手们都知道,大海的威力是势不可挡的;在某些情况下,它能把人及人所制造的船只统统摧毁掉。