competion and compertion
英语四级考试较难词汇
英语四级考试较难词汇●controversy n. 争论,辩论; 争议●orientation n. 定位,定向; 方针●obligation n. 义务; 责任●ornament n. 装饰品●complement n. 补充物●ingredient n. 1. (混合物的)组成部分;(烹调的)原料2. (构成)要素,因素●transmission n. 1. 传送;传达2. 传染,传播●illusion n. 1. 错觉,幻觉;假象2. 幻想,错误的观念●respectable a. 1. 值得尊敬的2. 名声好的;体面的3. (质、量等)不错的,相当的,可观的●respectful a. 恭敬的;尊敬人的,尊重人的●respective a. 各自的●extinct a. 1. (火等)熄灭了的 2. 绝种的,灭绝的3. (职位等)废...●essence n. 1. 本质,实质;要素;本体[the S][(+of)] 2. 精髓,精华3. 香精;香料,精油●content a. 满足的,满意的;心甘情愿的●permanent a. 永久的,永恒的; 永远的●sustained a. 持久的;持续的●ultimate a. 1 . 最后的,最终的2. 基本的,根本的;最初的,最早的●immediate a. 1. 立即的,即刻的2. 目前的,当前的3. 最接近的,紧接的4. 直接的●inspiration n. 1. 灵感 2.激励●excessive a. 过度的;过分的;极度的●subordinate a. 1. 下级的[(+to)] 2. 次要的;隶属的[(+to)] 3. 【语】从属的●liable a. 1. 易患...的;易...的2. 会...的;可能的●destructive a. 破坏性的; 毁灭性的[(+of/to)]●prevalent a. 流行的,盛行的;普遍的●obedient a. 服从的,顺从的; 听话的,恭顺的[(+to)]●subsidy n. 补贴,津贴●gloomy a. 1. 阴暗的;阴沉的 2. 阴郁的;忧郁的●obscure a. 1. 暗的,黑暗的;朦胧的2. 模糊的;含糊不清的;晦涩的,难解的[(+to)]●increasingly adv. 1.日益越来越多地2.继续增加地,日益3.日益地,不断增加地●bewildered a. 困惑的,迷惘的●amplify v. 放大;增强;详述,详说; 发挥,详述●confront vt. 1. 迎面遇到;面临;遭遇2. 勇敢地面对;正视;对抗3. 使面对;使遭遇;使对质...●confine vt. 1. 限制;使局限[(+to)] 2. 禁闭;幽禁;使卧床[(+to/in)] 3. 分娩,坐月子●conform /comply vi. 遵照,遵守;适应●defy vt. 1. 公然反抗,蔑视2. 向...挑战;激,惹3. 使不能,使落空,抗拒●exclude vt. 1. 拒绝接纳;把...排除在外;不包括[(+from)] 2. 逐出,开除●conceive vt. 1. 构想出,想像,设想2. 怀(胎);抱有(想法,感情等)●convert vt. 1. 转变,变换[(+to/into)] 2. 使皈依;使改变信仰[(+from/to)] 3. 非法挪用...●distort vt. 1. 扭曲,扭歪2. 歪曲;曲解●recession n. 1. 衰退;不景气;2. 后退;凹处●submission n. 投降;提交(物);服从;(向法官提出的)意见;●descendant n. 后代,晚辈;●ancestor n. 始祖,祖先;●betrayal n. 背叛;辜负;暴露●deny v. 否认;拒绝;节制;背弃;否定●burial n. 埋葬;葬礼;弃绝●imitation n. 模仿,仿造;仿制品●enrolling n. 入学;登记●acquaint adj. 熟识的;知晓的;有知识的●informed adj. 消息灵通的;见多识广的●evoke vt. 引起,唤起;博得●facilitate vt. 促进;帮助;使容易;使便利●oppressed adj. 受压制的,受压迫的●intimate a. 亲密的●confidential a. 机密的●incompatible a. 互不相容的●inherent a. 固有的,内在的●immovable a. 不动的,固定的●irreplaceable a. 不能替代的●cognitive a. 认知的,认识的●rigorous a. 严格的●triumphantly a. 成功的,耀武扬威的●philosophy n. 哲学●ambiguous a. 模糊不清的●extravagantly adv. 挥霍无度地●explicitly adv. 明确地●intimidated a. 害怕的●linger v. 消磨,徘徊●identical a. 同一的,一模一样的●vertical a. 垂直的●parallel a. 平行的;●sincerely adv. 真诚地●absolutely adv. 绝对地●identification n. 鉴定,识别●confession n. 供认,坦白,忏悔●acknowledgement n. 感谢,承认●legislation n. 立法,法律●criteria n. 标准,条件●prestige n. 威望,声望;声誉●superiority n. 优越;优越性●priority n. 优先;优先权●publicity n. 宣传,宣扬;公开;广告;注意●feast n. 筵席,宴会;●festival n. 节日;庆祝,纪念活动;欢乐●recreation /entertaiment n. 娱乐;消遣;休养●payment n. 付款,支付,开支;报酬,报答;偿还;惩罚,报应●charge n. 费用;v. 指控;充电;命令;●fund n. 资金,现金;基金●assumption n. 假定;设想;担任;采取;假设●sanction n. 制裁,处罚;insurance n. 保险;保险费;赔偿金●temperament n. 气质,性情,性格;急躁●contamination n. 污染,玷污;污染物●context n. 环境;上下文;来龙去脉●contest n. 竞赛;争夺;争论●distinction n. 区别;差别;●breakthrough n. 突破;突破性进展●interpretation n. 解释;翻译;演出●puzzle n. 谜;难题;迷惑●perplexity n. 困惑;混乱●dilemma n. 困境;进退两难;●contrive vt. 设计;发明;图谋●consolidate vt. 巩固,使固定;联合●intensify vt. 使加强,使强化;使变激烈●irritated a. 恼怒的,生气的●reckon vt. 测算,估计;认为;计算●highlight n. 最精彩的部分;最重要的事情;加亮区●pose n. 姿势,姿态;装模作样●subscribe vt. 订阅●register v. 登记, 记录●warrant /guarantee vt. 保证,担保●manipulate vt. 操纵, 操作●supervise vt. 监督, 管理●foresee v. 预见, 预知●contemplate vt. 注视, 沉思●dedicate vt. 致力于, 献出●cater v. 提供饮食及服务, 迎合●cling vi. 紧贴, 附着●trivial adj. 不重要的, 琐碎的●versatile adj. 多才多艺的, 通用的●spacious adj. 宽敞的, 广阔的●terrific adj. 极好的●eccentric adj. 古怪的, 反常的●acute adj. 严重的, 敏锐的●sensible adj. 明智的, 合情理的●sensitive adj. 灵敏的, 敏感的●abrupt adj. 突然的, 唐突的●absurd adj. 荒唐的, 可笑的●feasible adj. 可行的, 可能的●appropriate adj. 适当的, 相称的●private adj. 私人的, 个人的●mysterious adj. 神秘的, 不可思议的●tolerant adj. 宽容的, 容忍的●crude adj. 天然的, 未加工的●attribute vt. 把 ... 归因于●provoke vt. 激怒, 惹起●handicap n. 障碍●bruise n. 瘀青, 擦伤●blunder n. 大错●addicted a. 沉溺●deteriorate v. 恶化,变坏testify vt. 证明,证实;作证vi. 作证;证明●accuse vt. 控告,指控;谴责;归咎于vi. 指责;控告●dignified adj. 庄严的;有尊严的;高贵的assert vt. 维护,坚持;断言;主张;声称●notify vt. 通告,通知;公布●floated adj. 浮动的,漂浮的●consistent adj. 始终如一的,一致的;坚持的●persistent adj. 固执的,坚持的,坚持不懈的;持久稳固的●defective adj. 有缺陷的;不完美的●conservative adj. 保守的●alternative adj. 供选择的;选择性的;交替的n. 二中择一;供替代的选择●instantaneous adj. 瞬间的;即时的;猝发的●spontaneous adj. 自发的;自然的;无意识的●anonymous adj. 匿名的,无名的;无个性特征的●staggering adj. 蹒跚的;犹豫的v. 蹒跚(stagger的ing形式)●soaring adj. 翱翔的;高耸的;猛增的●suspend vt. 延缓,推迟;使暂停;使悬浮vi. 悬浮;[体]禁赛●disgusted adj. 厌恶的;厌烦的●climax n. 高潮,顶点●investment n. 投资●requirement n. 需求,要求●installment n. 安装,安置,使就位●asset n. 资产,有用的东西●ethic n. 道德, 伦理●hospitality n. 好客,殷勤●discount n. 折扣●patent n. 专利权●deficit n. 赤字,不足额●inclined a. 偏于,想要,…的倾向●integrity n. 完整;正直;诚实;廉正●incompetence n. 无资格,不胜任;无能力;不适当;不熟练●deduction n. 扣除,减除;推论;减除额●optimism n. 乐观;乐观主义●passion n. 激情;热情;酷爱;盛怒●caution n. 小心,谨慎;警告,警示●expedition n. 远征;探险队;迅速●credible adj. 可靠的,可信的●contrary adj. 相反的;对立的●competitive adj. 竞争的;比赛的;求胜心切的●cooperative adj. 合作的;合作社的●vibrating adj. 振动的n. 振动;摇摆●generate v. (使)产生●manufactured adj. 制造的,已制成的●decay vi .1.腐朽,腐烂;蛀蚀 2.衰败;衰退●transfer vt. [(+from/to)] 1.改变,转变2.搬;转换;调动●migrate vi .迁移;移居●emigrate vi. 移居外国(或外地区)[(+from/to)]●commit vt. 1.犯(罪),做(错事等) 2.使承担义务;使作出保证;使表态[(+to)] ●expired adj. 过期的;失效的●relieve vt. 解除,减轻;使不单调乏味;换…的班;解围;使放心●fragile adj. 脆的;易碎的●subtle adj. 微妙的;精细的;敏感的;狡猾的;稀薄的●crisp adj. 脆的;新鲜的;易碎的vt. 使卷曲;使发脆●accelerate vt. 使……加快;使……增速●prevail vi. 盛行,流行;战胜,获胜●strive vi. 努力;奋斗;抗争●prejudice n. 偏见;●amend vt. 修改;改善,改进vi. 改正,改善;改过自新●reconcile vt. 使一致;使和解;调停,调解;使顺从●coincide vi. 巧合,一致,符合;同时发生●release vt. 释放;发射;让与;允许发表n. 释放;发布;让与●exile n. 流放,充军;放逐,被放逐者;流犯vt. 放逐,流放;使背井离乡●conflict n. 冲突,矛盾;斗争;争执vi. 冲突,抵触;争执;战斗●originality n. 创意;独创性,创造力;原始;新奇●insufficient adj. 不足的,不充足的●ignorant adj. 无知的;愚昧的●indefinite adj. 不确定的;无限的;模糊的●compulsory adj. 强制的,义务的●conventional adj. 一般的,常规的●prominent adj. 突出的,显著地;著名的●cautious adj. 小心的,谨慎的●logically adv. 逻辑上,合乎逻辑●rationally adv. 理性●assemble v. 安装,装配;收集,把......凑齐●accumulate v. 积累,累积●forge v. 锻造;编造●cherish v. 珍惜;抱有(希望);对......有好感●fascinate v. 迷住,使......着迷●disposal n. 处置,处理●expenditure n. 支出,开支●literature n. 文学●valid adj. 有效的,正当的,合法的●diversity n. 差异,多样性●minority n. 少数民族,少数派●remedy n. 治疗;治疗法;药物●revenge v. 替...报仇●omit v. 遗漏;省略;删去●emergence n. 出现;浮现;露头●credit n. 信用,信贷,信用证,贷方●access n. 接近,进入;接近的机会,进入的权利;使用●twinkle v. 闪烁;闪闪发光;眨眼●nourish v. 养育;滋养2. 施肥于●surpass v. 超越, 胜过●compromise v. 妥协,和解●utilities n. 公共事业,设备●pavement n. 铺过的道路●collision n. 碰撞; 相撞●successive a. 连续的,相继的;依次的●exotic a. 异国情调的;奇特的●eccentric a. 古怪的,反常的●enhance v. 提高,增加●paradise n. 极乐;至福●galaxy n. 银河系;天河●alert a. 警觉的;警惕的;留神的●refresh v. 使清新,使清凉●anticipate v. 预期,期望;预料●participate v. 参加●symptom症状,征候●accord v. 一致,符合,调和●substitute n. 代替人;代替物;代用品●tedious a. 单调乏味的, 沉闷的●tuition n. 学费●nutrition n. 营养●instinct n. 直觉, 本能,充满的●stimulation n. 刺激, 激励, 鼓舞●vigorous a. 精力充沛的●frustrate v. 击败, 使沮丧●exposure n. 暴露, 曝光●expansion n. 膨胀, 扩展, 扩充●consent n. 同意;(意见等的)一致;赞成●conscience n. 道德心,良心●consciousness n. 意识;知觉;觉悟;感觉;意识状态●appeal n. 呼吁,请求;吸引力,感染力;●pledge n. 保证,誓言;抵押;抵押品,典当物●survival n. 幸存,残存;幸存者,残存物生存●condense vt. 使浓缩;使压缩●resort n. 凭借,手段;度假胜地;常去之地●margin n. 边缘;利润,余裕;页边的空白●border n. 边境;边界;国界●ratio/rate n. 比率,比例。
Competion and Cooperation 竞争与合作英语范文
Competition and CooperationSome people think that in this modern society, there exists fierce competitions among people and companies. In fact, it is competition in every aspect that has given continuous motivation to the development of society.If there were no competition at all, there would be no chances for people to win. So the world would become completely static and people would be idle.However, more people think that cooperation has much more value than competition. Every single man is limited in his wisdom and strength.If we do not c ombine our efforts together, how can we make some great changes in the world? If we want to conquer the whole universe, we should stand together even closer to make our future brighter.In my opinion,both competition and cooperation are necessary in today’s world. On the one hand, we should compete with each other and learn to be stronger in this process. On the other hand, we have to cooperate with each other if we do not want to be isolated in this world. Remember:One flower doesn’t make a spring ,and one person doesn’t make a world, people were born in a community,thus cooperation is a must.1999年英语专业八级作文试题学生写作PART V WRITING (60 MIN .)Some people claim that competition more important than co-operation in the present-day society. How far do you agree with these people ? you are to write a composition of about 300 words on the following topic:COMPETITION OR CO-OPERATIONIn the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement , and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have witten to a natural conclusion or a summary.Marks will be warded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.【写作要点】1.第一部分(即第一段)交待论点,第二部分(可分为两段)展开讨论,以具体的细节来支持自己的观点。
Competitionandcooperation竞争与合作-英语作文翻译
Cooperation and competition are both important. They are attributes(归因于,属性) which are equally necessary for a person toachieve success in his life.Learn to be cooperative. No one likes a selfish, greedy, or arrogant(自大的) individual. However, everyone likes a considerate(体谅的) and cooperative person. Everything we do today, whether in doing business or making friends, depend upon our ability to get along with one another. In our society, most tasks demand the cooperation of many individuals so that they can be accomplished effectively. In this situation, we must be supportive(支援的) and cooperative. Each person is like a small part of a machine. If only one part is out of order, the machine can’t be running well. Besides, transportation and communication systems are rapidly developing and people all over the world can get in touch with each other more easily. It is hard for a person who is isolated(孤立的) from the society to have a deep understanding of the world he lives and to accomplish(实现) a feat(功绩) in his career. Cooperation is becoming more and more important for a person to earn a good life.Being competitive also has a place in life. If you want to achieve more success and be better than others, you must work harder, study more diligently(勤奋地), and adapt yourself to competition. The desire to succeed and do better than others inspires(激励) us to work harder. If there were no competition, a sports meet would never be exciting and successful, and we would never have champions(冠军的地位).No doubt, we often find there is an inseparable(不可分离的) relationship between competition and cooperation. In a football match, either team is competing with other. But each member of the team is cooperating with his teammates.We cooperate with others to be more competitive; we compete to earn a better environment for cooperation. Thus we can make progress(前进) continuously. Only competition together with cooperation leads us to realize our goals and satisfy our needs.合作和竞争都很重要。
comparision & contrast
Model paragraphAre you aware of the striking similarities between two of the most popular U.S. presidents,Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy? A minor point is that the names Lincoln and Kennedyboth have seven letters. Both men had their elections legally challenged. Lincoln and Kennedy areboth remembered for their sense of humor, as well as for their interest in civil rights. Lincolnbecame president in 1860; Kennedy, in 1960. Lincoln’s secretary was Mrs. Kennedy; Kennedy ’ssecretary was Mrs. Lincoln. Neither man took the advice of his secretary not to make a publicappearance on the day on which he was assassinated. Lincoln and Kennedy were both killed on aFriday in the presence of their wives. Both assassins, John Wilkes Booth and Lee Harvey Oswald,have fifteen letters in their names, and both were murdered before they could be brought to trial.Just as Lincoln was succeeded by a Southern Democrat named Johnson, so was Kennedy. AndrewJohnson (Lincoln ’s successor) was born in 1808; Lyndon Johnson (Kennedy ’s successor) was bornin1908. And finally, the same caisson carried the bodies of both men in their funeral processions.1. adj/ prepKenney was killed onthe same day of the week as Lincoln.Kenney’similar to Lincoln ’s in that they both died in office.Kenney’’s in that they both died in office.Like Lincoln, Kennedy refused to heed his secretary ’s warning.2. attached statementsKenney could arouse the sympathy of the public,Mrs. Kennedy witnessed her husband ’Kennedy ’s assassin was not brought to trial,Kenney ’s secretary couldn ’t prevent her president ’s assissination,Kennedy didn’3. correlative conjunctionshad their elctions leagally challenged.Neither Lincoln ’s wife nor his children were expecting anything unusual to happen that day.Neither Kennedy ’s child nor his wife was expecting anything unusual to happen that day.Just as Lincoln died in office, so Kennedy was still president when he was assassinated.4. predicate structures to resembleto have (noun) in commonthere are similaritiesKennedy ’resembled Lincoln ’s.Kennedy resembled Lincoln in that they were both popular presidents.Kennedy and Lincoln have in common.similarities between Kennedy and Lincoln.5. sentence connectorsAndrew Johnson was born in 1808;Lyndon Johnson was born in1908.6. punctuation onlyAndrew Johnson was born in 1808; Lyndon Johnson was born in 1908.Andrew Johnson was born in 1808; Lyndon Johnson, in 1908.Exercise 6-2 Paraphrasing sentences of comparison1.A minor point is that the names of Kennedy and Lincoln both have seven letters.(and so/and…too)(both…and…)2. John Wilkes Booth and Lee Harvey Oswald were murdered before they could be brought to trial.(Neither…nor)(like…in that)3. Neither man took the advice of his secretary on the day when he was killed.(and neither/ and …either)(similarly)4.The same caisson carried the bodies of bothe men in their funeral processions.(similar to …in that)(hint: make funeral the subject)(resembled…in that)5. Lincoln became president in 1860, Kennedy in 1960.(similar to …in that)(similarly)6. Lincoln’s secretary was Mrs. Kennedy, and Kennedy ’s secretary was Mrs. Lincoln.(just as)(;)Model paragraphAccording to the Swiss psychiatrist Carl Gustav Jung, every person ’s personality can be placedsomewhere on a scale running for extreme extroversion (i.e. an outgoing personality) to extremeintroversion (i.e. a withdrawn personality). The typical extrovert is particularly fond of people andpeople-oriented activities: he is sociable, likes parties, has many friends, needs to have people totalk to, and does not like reading or studying by himself. The typical introvert, on the other hand,is a quiet, retiring sort of person, introspective, fond of books rather than people. Unlike theextrovert, who craves excitement, takes chances, and is generally impulsive, the introvert shunsexcitement, takes matters of everyday life with proper seriousness, and likes a well-ordered modeof life. Whereas the extrovert tends to be aggressive and loses his temper easily, the introvert tendsto keep his feelings under close control, seldom behaves in an aggressive manner, and does notlose his temper easily. The introvert is more reliable and less optimistic than the extrovert. Theextrovert ma often be subject to criminal or psychopathic behavior, in contrast to the introvert,who may exhibit neurotic tendencies. A further difference between the two involves the ability toremember: studies have tended to show that the extrovert learns faster than the introvert but, in theend, remember less.1. –er …than, more … than, less … than, as …as …The introvertthe extrovert.The introvert isn ’t as optimistic as the extrovert.2. prepositionsthe extrovert,3. verbal structuresThe introvert the extrovert5. punctuation onlyThe introvert likes books; the extrovert is fond of people.The introvert likes books; the extrovert, people.Exercise 6-6 Paraphrasing sentences of contrast1. Studies have tended to show that the extrovert learns faster than the introvert but, in the end,remembers less.(however, -form B) Studies have tended to show that the extrovert learns faster than the introvert;in the end, however, remembers less.2. Unlike the extrovert, who takes chances and is generally impulsive, the introvert shunsexcitement.(differs from …in that … whereas)(more/-er …than)3. The typical extrovert is particulary fond of parties and people-oriented activities; in ncontrast,the typical introvert is a quiet, introversive sort of person.(unlike …who)(while)4. The extrovert may be subject to criminal or psychopathic behavior, in contrast to the introvert, who may exhibit neurotic tendencies.(differs from…in that… whereas)(on the other hand-form B)5. Whereas the extrovert tends to be aggressive and loses his temper quickly, the introvert seldom behaves in an aggressive manner and keeps his feelings under close control.(unlike…who)(contrast with… in regard to)。
Competition and cooperation 竞争与合作
Competition and cooperationThis is a world full of competition and cooperation. Namely, competition is to compete with others for the same goal, while cooperation is that someone does something in collaboration with others in order to achieve the same goal easily. The two seems contradictory; however, in fact, they two have close relations.Competition and cooperation can coexist well; cooperation complement competition and competition provides more chances to cooperate with others. Meanwhile, the final aim of cooperation is to compete with stronger opponents. Broadly speaking, 3 aspects can vividly embody the relationship between competition and cooperation. First of all, both competition and cooperation are necessary and vital to countries. There is no denying that competition can force countries to strengthen their own comprehensive ability; simultaneously, it’s beneficial to promote the world in a fast speed. Besides, it’s very significant for enterprises to cooperate and compete when doing business. Not only can the competition advance the enterprise by constantly improving their quality of products, but also the cooperation can contribute to the development of the socialist marketing economy. Last but not least, in terms of every individual, it’s quite crucial to learn to collaborate and compete with others. For one thing, by competing with rivals, one can invisibly advance himself; for another, by cooperating with others, one can learn many merits from others and enhance the relationship with others. Needless to say, his awareness of cooperation is gradually developed, which is of great importance because two heads are better than one after all.Competition and cooperation are everywhere. Don’t view this two as static and isolated, instead, every individual and every institute should treat them as correlative.。
CHAPTER 11 COMPARING AND CONTRASTING
CHAPTER 11COMPARING AND CONTRASTINGVery often in your writing you will need to explain how things are similar or different. When you compare two things, you explain how they are similar. When you contrast two things, you explain how they are different.COMPARINGRead the paragraph and answer the questions.Ann and Beth are identical twins, so it’s easy to understand the embarrassing mistake I made yesterday. I was planning to ask Ann for a date, but it turned out I asked Beth. The two sisters look exactly alike. Ann is tall and thin with short, curly brown hair. Likewise, Beth is a tall, thin girl with short curly hair. They also have the same unusual blue-green eye color. In addition, Ann wears gold-rimmed glasses and so does Beth. Finally, both Ann and Beth have freckles. I wouldn’t be surprised if they even have the exact same number of freckles. Now I have to explain my mistake to both of them.1.What is the topic sentence?2.What similarities about Ann and Beth does the author write about?SIGNAL WORDS OF COMPARISONEnglish has many words and sentence patterns to show comparisons.GRAMMAR GUIDE: SENTENCE PATTERNS OF COMPARISONWriting Topic Sentences for Comparison ParagraphsWhen you write the topic sentence for a comparison paragraph, you must state the two things that you are comparing. Look at the following topic sentences.●Time Out and The Blue Gills are very similar bands.●My two favorite bands, Time Out and The Blue Gills, have several things incommon.●The rock bands Time Out and The Blue Gills are alike in many ways.●Time Out and The Blue Gills share many similarities.●Time Out is similar to The Blue Gills in several ways.Write a topic sentence for each of the following paragraphs.1. First of all, both cities are hot and humid most of the year. The typical daytime temperature in both places is about 92 degrees Fahrenheit (33 degrees Celsius) with humidity of 99 percent. It also rains a lot during the summer in Hill View. Likewise, it rains almost every day in Valley Ridge in the summer. Finally, the evenings and nights are warm in both places.2. The main similarity is that both dogs are very friendly. Spot loves people, and so does Freckles. In addition, both of my dogs are smart and can do lots of tricks. For example, both can roll over on command. Another similarity is that both dogs are picky eaters. They only eat like the most expensive dog food.3. First of all, they have many of the same sections. For example, The Reporter and The Monitor both have sections on politics, finance, science, and culture. In addition, both of these popular magazines cost $7.99, and both are read by millions of people around the world. They also have the same cover story almost every week, and they usually review the same books and movies in their culture sections. Another similarity between the two magazines is their point of view. The Reporter is very conservative, and so is The Monitor. Finally, both magazines are available online.Writing Exercise 3PrewritingA. Study this biographical information about two important Americans, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson.John AdamsBorn: October 19, 1735Died: July 4, 1826·important person in the American Revolution·delegate to the Continental Congress·signer of Declaration of Independence·studied and practiced law·second U.S. president·father of the sixth U.S. president – John Quincy AdamsThomas JeffersonBorn: April 13, 1743Died: July 4, 1826·played important role in American Revolution·delegate to the Continental Congress·author and signer of Declaration of Independence·third president of United States·foreign minister to France·founded University of Virginia·studied and practiced law·philosopher, architect, inventorB. Make a list of the similarities between the two men.C. Write a topic sentence for your paragraphWritingWrite the first draft of a paragraph comparing Adams and Jefferson. Use your list of similarities as a guide.RevisingA. Read your paragraph and look for ways to improve it. Use the Revising Checklist on page66 to help you.B. Check for errors in grammar, spelling, and punctuation. Copy your revised paragraph on a separate piece of paper.Writing Exercise 4PrewritingA. Choose one of the following topics to compare. Brainstorm a list of similarities between the two things you are comparing.·two movies you have seen ·two teachers you have had·two professional athletes you admire ·two sports you enjoy·two restaurants you have been to ·two people you knowCONTRASTINGWhen you describe the differences between two people, places, or things, you are contrastingthem.A. Read the paragraph.When Michael was in Sedona last week, he ate at two very different restaurants. He had lunch at Cantina Italiana and dinner at the Cityside Café. First of all, the food at Cantina was delicious, but the food at Cityside was terrible. The atmosphere at Cantina Italiana was much better than the one at Cityside. Cantina was clean and quiet. However, the Cityside Café was dirty and noisy. In addition, while the server at the Cantina Italiana was attentive and polite, the server at Cityside was rude. Finally, although the meal at Cantina was more expensive than the meal at Cityside, it was worth the price. Michael will always remember his delicious lunch at Cantina Italiana, but he can’t wait to forget his terrible dinner at Cityside Café.B. Make a list of the differences between the two restaurants.SIGNAL WORDS OF CONTRASTB. Add signal words that show contrast in the following paragraphs.1. Sunny English Institute (SEI) in Miami, Florida, is Rocky Mountain English Program (RMEP) in Denver, Colorado, in several ways. First of all, the tuition at SEI is very expensive. , the tuition at RMEP is more reasonable. Secondly, RMEP is a small school, SEI is a very big school. The program at SEI is two months. , the program at RMEP is only five weeks. Finally, SEI includes a TOFEL preparation class, RMEP does not.2. There are several spelling differences between British English and American English. For example, certain nouns end in –our in British English, such as colour, honour, humour, and labour, these words end in –or in American English: color, honor, humor, and labor. Also, some verbs end in –ise in British English, such as specialize, recognize,and patronize. , they end in–ize in American English: specialize, recognize,and patronize.3. My friend Lily has a very special diet. She is a vegan, which is not the same thing as being a vegetarian. Vegans are much stricter than vegetarians. Naturally, vegans do not eat meat, fish, or poultry. Unlike vegetarians, who eat animal byproducts such as eggs, milk, and butter, vegans do not eat dairy foods or any animal byproducts at all. In fact, some vegans will not even eat honey because it comes from bees, vegetarians who are not vegan usually will. Vegans avoid using products that have been tested on animals. Most vegans, like my friend Lily, love animals and feel that being a vegan is one way to help protect animals.GRAMMAR GUIDE: COMPARATIVE ADJECTIIVESB. Read the paragraph and underline the comparative adjectives.Sue and Linda are sisters, but they are different in many ways. For one thing, their physical appearances are very different. Sue is taller and thinner than Linda. Linda has darker eyes and longer hair than Sue. Their personalities are also different. Sue is more serious and more ambitious than Linda. She is a better student because she studies harder than her sister. On the other hand, Linda is more creative and more social than Sue.Writing Topic Sentences for Contrast Paragraphs.When you write the topic sentence for a contrast paragraph, you must state the two things that you are contrasting.A. Look at the following list of sample topic sentences.● The Reporter and Style are different types of weekly magazines.● The Reporter and Style are different in many ways.● The Reporter and Style have many differences.● The Reporter and Style differ in several ways.B. Write a topic sentence for each of the following paragraphs.1. First of all, the temperature in Westland is usually hotter than it is in Eastfalls. In Westland it is often in the nineties, but in Eastfalls, the temperature rarely goes above 80. Secondly, the humidity is much higher in Westland than it is in Eastfalls. This makes it much more uncomfortable to be outdoors inWestland. Finally, it rains a lot in Westland; however, it is usually dry in Eastfalls. Overall, the weather in Eastfalls is more pleasant.2. For one thing, they are different in appearance. Fluffy is a small, curly-haired dog, but Shane is big and shaggy. Another difference is seen in their personalities. Fluffy is very friendly and loves people. On the other hand, Shane is shy and afraid of people. Finally, my two dogs differ in their intelligence. Unlike Shane, Fluffy is smart and can do lots of tricks.3. First of all, The Reporter comes out once a week, but Style only comes out once a month. Secondly, the two magazines have different sections. The Reporter has sections on politics, finance, science and culture. On the other hand, Style has sections on fashion, home decoration, cooking, and gardening. In addition, The Reporter is less expensive. It costs $6 per issue, but Style costs $8 per issue. Finally, The Reporter is available in print and online; however, Style is only available in print.Writing Exercise 2PrewritingA. Y ou and a friend are planning a trip to Hawaii. You found these advertisements in the newspaper. Read the advertisements.PLAN AB. Make a list of differences between the two trips.WritingWrite a one-paragraph e-mail message to your friend contrasting the two plans and suggesting the one you think would be better for you.RevisingA. Read your e-mail and look for ways to improve it. Use Revising Checklist on page 66 to help you.B. Check for errors in grammar, spelling, and punctuation. Copy your revised e-mail on a separate piece of paper.。
英汉翻译技巧:补偿(Compensation)
E-C英汉翻译技巧:补偿(Compensation)Blue-brick university名牌大学,如剑桥、牛津等,以区别于二流大学red-brick universityLame duck跛脚的鸭子——尚在任期中但不能再连任的竞选失败者Golden State黄金之州——美国加利福尼亚州。
1848年,加州地区发现黄金矿藏之后,一股淘金热席卷整个美国,各地的淘金者纷纷涌入加州。
After dinner, mustard饭后上芥末——芥末是欧洲人用餐时常用的佐料,应和其它食品一同摆在餐桌上,如果等大家都吃完饭后,才把芥末端上来,似为时已晚,无此必要。
Get to/reach first base到达第一垒——初见成效,初步成功。
美国棒球比赛术语,如果击球员顺利上垒,就有可能得分。
Baby kisser吻婴儿的人——圆滑的,笼络人心的政客。
美国有些政客,为了在竞选中笼络人心,捞取选票,装出平易近人的样子,见到母亲们怀抱婴儿会接过来亲吻一下。
Hollow Men空心人——无理想,愚笨的人。
英国诗人艾略特在《空心人》一诗中,表示了现代人信仰和自悔的丧失。
D-day诺曼底登陆日——着手重要行动之日,原指1944年6月6日,第二次世界大战中盟军在法国北部诺曼底登陆之日。
It is not just the Babbitts who think something odd about people who read poetry.并非只是那些巴比特们认为阅读诗歌的人有些古怪。
巴比特是美国作家辛克莱·刘易斯的同名小说中的主人公,惟利是图,庸俗市侩。
Come Y orkshire over somebody 以约克郡人的态度待人——即引人上钩。
约克郡是英格兰北部的一个郡。
据说这里的人善于经商,精明干练,常为私利而设下圈套。
(以上例子选自张向阳:《最新实用英语典故词典》,湖北教育出版社)。
英语作文带翻译-竞争与合作 On competition and cooperation
英语作文带翻译-竞争与合作 On competition andcooperationWhen it comes to competition and cooperation, some people always emphasize competition but neglect cooperation. Their reasons run as following: to begin with, they believe only competition can help them defeat their counterparts; in addition, they think competition is the only way to lead to success.But some others hold different opinion. They think cooperation is as important as competition. They base their opinion on the following reasons: on one hand, cooperation can build trust between each other and help to bring long-term relationship; on another hand, cooperation can turn a small and weak business into a big and strong one.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that both competition and cooperation areessential to success and thus should be emphasized at the same time.在竞争与合作中,有些人总是强调竞争,而忽视合作。
爱心陪伴动物乐的英语作文
Compassion and companionship are two essential elements that contribute to the wellbeing of animals.When we show love and care to animals,we not only enrich their lives but also enhance our own emotional and mental health.First and foremost,animals,just like humans,have feelings and emotions.They can sense when they are being cared for and loved.When we spend time with them,play with them,and provide them with a safe and comfortable environment,they feel secure and happy.This positive emotional state is crucial for their overall health and wellbeing.Moreover,animals can also be great companions.They can provide us with unconditional love,loyalty,and affection.Having a pet can be a source of comfort and happiness, especially during difficult times.Pets can help reduce stress,anxiety,and depression,and they can also improve our social skills and emotional intelligence.Furthermore,caring for animals can also teach us valuable life lessons.It teaches us responsibility,empathy,and respect for all living beings.When we take care of animals, we learn to be more patient,understanding,and compassionate.These qualities are not only important for our relationships with animals but also for our interactions with other people.In addition,spending time with animals can also be a great way to stay active and healthy. Pets,especially dogs,require regular exercise and outdoor activities.This can encourage us to be more physically active,which can improve our overall health and wellbeing. Lastly,it is important to remember that animals are an integral part of our ecosystem. They play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of nature.By showing love and care to animals,we are also contributing to the preservation of our environment and the planet. In conclusion,the love and companionship we provide to animals have a profound impact on their lives and our own.It is our responsibility to treat animals with kindness,respect, and care.By doing so,we can create a more harmonious and compassionate world for all living beings.。
Compassion and Empathy
Compassion and empathy are two essential qualities that contributeto our ability to connect with others and understand their experiences. While they are often used interchangeably, they are distinct concepts that play different roles in our interactions with others.Compassion is the ability to feel concern for the suffering ofothers and to be motivated to help alleviate that suffering. It involves a genuine desire to understand and support others in their time of need. Compassion is an action-oriented emotion that drivesus to take steps to improve the well-being of others. This could be through offering a listening ear, providing practical assistance, or simply offering a kind word or gesture.Empathy, on the other hand, refers to the ability to understand and share the feelings of another person. It involves putting oneself in another's shoes and imagining what it would be like to experiencethe emotions and struggles that the other person is going through. Empathy is about truly connecting with someone on an emotional level and acknowledging their feelings as valid and important.While compassion and empathy are different, they are closely related and often work hand in hand. Empathy allows us to understand the experiences of others, while compassion drives us to take action to help them. Without empathy, it can be challenging to trulyunderstand the needs of others, and without compassion, we may understand but not be motivated to act.Practicing compassion and empathy has numerous benefits for both individuals and society as a whole. When we approach others with compassion and empathy, we build stronger, more meaningful relationships. We create a sense of trust and support that can help individuals feel valued and understood. This, in turn, can lead to increased happiness and well-being for both the giver and the recipient.In addition to personal benefits, compassion and empathy also play a crucial role in creating a more harmonious and supportive society. When individuals and communities come together to support oneanother with compassion and empathy, they create a culture ofkindness and understanding. This can lead to reduced conflict, improved mental health, and a greater sense of unity and cooperation. Developing compassion and empathy is a lifelong journey thatrequires practice and self-reflection. Here are some ways tocultivate these important qualities in our daily lives:1.Actively listen to others: Give your full attention when someoneis sharing their thoughts and feelings. This demonstrates thatyou value their perspective and are willing to understand their experiences.2.Practice perspective-taking: Try to imagine what it would belike to walk in someone else's shoes. Consider how theirbackground, experiences, and emotions might influence theiractions and reactions.3.Show kindness: Small acts of kindness can go a long way indemonstrating compassion. Offer a helping hand, a word ofencouragement, or a gesture of support to those in need.4.Be mindful of your own biases: Recognize that everyone has theirown unique experiences and challenges. Avoid making assumptions or judgments based on your own perspective.5.Seek opportunities to volunteer or support those in need:Engaging in acts of service can help you develop a deeperunderstanding of others' struggles and create opportunities to practice compassion.By actively cultivating compassion and empathy in our lives, we can contribute to a more empathetic and supportive world. Thesequalities have the power to transform relationships, communities, and societies for the better. As the Dalai Lama said, "Love and compassion are necessities, not luxuries. Without them, humanity cannot survive."。
Competitionandcooperation英语作文
Competition is a common phenomenon in our society . We compete when we play games, we try to do better than others in our study, and there is constant competition for jobs, fame, wealth and so forth. Therefore,we can say that, in a certain sense, competition is one of the motive forces of the development of our modern society.It is often believed, that competition and cooperation are in opposition to each other. Some people stress competition, without which, in their eyes, there is no responsibility, no drive and ultimately, no progress. Others advocate cooperation whatever they do. They are of the opinion that the dependence of people on one another has increased, without which the society we live in can not keep going smoothly. In reality, we find that in many cases competition goes hand in hand with cooperation. Lets take a football game for example. During the game, one team is competing against the other, but each member of the team must cooperate with his teammates. Otherwise, they would lose the game no matter how skillful each individual player might be. It is clear that competition has much to do with cooperation.As far as I'm concerned, I do not agree with the view that competition and cooperation are always in conflict with each other. In my opinion, while advocating competition. We should never forget cooperation. In our social life, cooperation is especially necessary because most work is fulfilled with or through other people. So Ive come to the conclusion that competition are equally important.竞争是社会的普遍现象。
CompetitionorCooperation?-英语作文带翻译
Competition and cooperation seem to be two apparent opposites, which people have to choose between: some claim that the former is more important than the latter, while others think the other way around. However, the contrast between the two is misleading and damaging, for in fact, one may enhance the other in the present-day society. Therefore,in my opinion, competition and cooperation play equally important roles in modem world. Competition has played a fundamental part during the course of evolution of human society. In the earliest days, since the natural resources were too limited to keep all species alive, the stronger and superior groups screened out the wea- ker and inferior. Thus the fittest survived and the societydeveloped. In mod- ern world, competition still serves as a significant and necessary stimulus for people from all walks of life. In a company, competition helps the able take higher positions; in the field of science, competition helps to distinguish talented scientists from the mediocre; in a nation, competition helps to choose the most ambitious and competent as leaders. In sum, competition really means a lot to the achievement of a human being and his society. However, people who believe that competition is more important than the cooperation partially or completely neglect the importance of coopera- tion which in my mind contributes equally to the development of human society. In the old days, when competing for survival, even the strong species had to fight together against a great enemy. In the present-day society, cooperation enables varied groups to specialize in one field and then to complement each other. Let me cite the relation between the U. S. and Japan as an exam- ple.It is well-known that the U. S. is a nation of abundant natural resources while Japan is one of world-class manufacturing industries. What if they respectively kept a competitive mind and indulged in its own achievement? The U. S. would be a miserable millionaire who could not find a profitable way to invest his money and Japan would be a clever businessman without finances to materialize his ideas. In effect, they have chosen to cooperate. The U. S. imprts industrial products such as automobiles from Japan, and as a tradeoff, exports some natural resources to Japan. Thanks to the cooperation, the U.S. can enjoy petroleum-saving but efficient automobiles and Japan is less concerned about its limited resources. In modern world, this is just one of those win-win situations brought by cooperation. All in all, we can safely conclude that competition and co-operation are equally important to the social development. The over-emphasis on or the neglect of either will cause losses and even damages.竞争与合作似乎是一个明显的对立,人们不得不在两者之间做出选择:有些人认为前者比后者更重要,而另一些人则认为另一种方法是在其他的方式下进行的。
英语作文赏析:竞争与合作CompetitionandCooperation
★以下是英文写作翻译频道为大家整理的《英语作文赏析:竞争与合作Competition and Cooperation》,供大家参考。
更多内容请看本站频道。
On Competition and CooperationCompetition is a common phenomenon in our social life. We compete when we play games, we try to do better than others in our study, and there is constant competition for jobs, customers, money, and so forth. We can say, to some extent,competition is one of the motive forces of the development of society.And we often find competition and cooperation at the same time. Think of a basketball game, each team is competing with the other team. But each member of the team is cooperating with his or her teammates. In most cases, we can't do competition without cooperation. Thus they are equally important.While we are advocating competition, we can't forget cooperation. Nothing is to be carried to extremes. Pure and exclusive competition leads to failures. Competition together with cooperation help us a great deal in obtaining our goals and satisfying our needs, especially in modernizing our country.本站译文参考:论竞争与合作竞争是我们社会生活中很普遍的一种现象。
与对比英语作文
与对比英语作文Title: Comparing and Contrasting English Compositions。
When it comes to English compositions, the art of comparing and contrasting is a fundamental skill. This technique allows writers to explore similarities and differences between two or more subjects, providinginsights that deepen understanding and foster critical thinking. In this essay, we will delve into the nuances of comparing and contrasting in English compositions, examining its significance, strategies, and examples.First and foremost, comparing and contrasting serves as a powerful analytical tool in English writing. By juxtaposing different elements, writers can highlight both the commonalities and disparities, thereby elucidating various aspects of the subjects under discussion. This not only enhances the clarity of the exposition but alsoinvites readers to engage with the text on a deeper level.One effective strategy for comparing and contrasting in English compositions is the use of parallel structure. This involves presenting similar ideas or traits in a consistent manner, allowing for easy comparison. For instance, when contrasting two characters in a novel, a writer might dedicate separate paragraphs to each character, outlining their respective traits, actions, and motivations. This structured approach not only facilitates comprehension but also lends a sense of balance to the composition.Furthermore, the selection of appropriate criteria is crucial in comparing and contrasting effectively. Whether analyzing literary works, historical events, or scientific theories, writers must identify relevant criteria that allow for meaningful comparison. For instance, when comparing two poems, one might consider aspects such as theme, imagery, tone, and poetic devices. By focusing on specific criteria, writers can offer insightful comparisons that resonate with the audience.To illustrate the significance of comparing and contrasting, let us consider an example from literature:the comparison of William Shakespeare's "Romeo and Juliet" with Emily Bronte's "Wuthering Heights." While both are renowned works of English literature, they exhibit stark differences in terms of genre, themes, and narrative styles. "Romeo and Juliet" is a tragic romance set in Renaissance Verona, characterized by its exploration of love, fate, and societal conflict. In contrast, "Wuthering Heights" is a Gothic novel set in the wild Yorkshire moors, renowned for its dark themes of revenge, passion, and the supernatural. By comparing these two literary masterpieces, readers can gain a deeper appreciation of the diverse forms and themes within English literature.In addition to literary analysis, comparing and contrasting plays a pivotal role in academic discourse across various disciplines. In history, for instance, scholars often compare different historical periods, events, or civilizations to discern patterns and draw lessons from the past. Similarly, in the sciences, researchers compare experimental results, theories, or methodologies toevaluate their efficacy and significance. This interdisciplinary approach not only fosters intellectualgrowth but also encourages a holistic understanding of complex phenomena.In conclusion, comparing and contrasting is a vitalskill in English compositions, enabling writers to analyze, synthesize, and evaluate information effectively. By employing strategies such as parallel structure, selecting relevant criteria, and drawing on diverse examples, writers can offer insightful comparisons that deepen understanding and engage readers. Whether in literature, history, science, or everyday discourse, the art of comparing and contrasting enriches our perspective and fosters critical thinking inthe pursuit of knowledge.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
Competition and Cooperation
Competition is common in every field of life. For example, the Olympic Games is the most famous competition in the world. In the four hundred meter swimming race, the swimmers plunge into the water at the signal. Each swings his or her arms and legs and tries his or her best to be the first. Also there is the competition for jobs, for promotion, for customers, and so on. We can say, in a certain sense, competition stimulates people's interest in work and helps society to go forword. We often find that competition goes hand in trend with cooperation. Take, for example, a volley ball match. The members of the team cooperate with each other. One serves the ball, Then another passes the ball to a certain height for a still other to hit it over the net while the other members try to block it on its return. It requires good tearn work to win the game.
While we advocate competition, we cannot forget cooperation. Human beings are social beings. No one can exist alone in the society. If you want to play the game well, you have to play with others. You cannot play single-handed and win. You have to cooperate with your playmates, who may make the social ladder for you to climb to the top. From cooperation we get mutual help and understanding. With cooperation the world is progressing at peace and in harmony.
Which is more important, competition or cooperation? Once it was not a sharp question as we were taught that only had the capability of defeating the rivals could we survive in the competitive society. However, because of the globalization, these two are now in the same status. A success must be the guy who can easily win in the increasingly cut-throat competition and also get popular in the cooperation.
T o be an outstanding competitor means that you must work hard and take benefits from your talent to excel rivals. Without any doubts, if you are smart to grasp opportunities, the competition can advantageously scoop out our potential to motivate you to realize your dream. Besides it will force you to work more effectively, which will prompt the social economy. But it can't be denied that we burden more stress under the fierce competition and the rate of mental illness has increased steeply these years. So many people failed in the cruel fight.
Therefore if you are eager to win, you have to do such things. First, you need to overcome the tidiness when you confront with the stiff challenge and trust yourselves on condition that you insist on learning hard to improve your ability. It's unwise to cover your shortcoming for everyone has his own advantage and disadvantage. What the best choice is to make the best use of your merit. Second, you need to set your goal, not caring others' mock. Famous track man Call Lewis once said he would leap to a distance of 7.62 meters before he graduated, and he did this impossible task. So never worry about your goal is too ridiculous, just to practice. Last, it's better for you to have an optimistic
mind, and make friends with the enterprising guys.
Based on the competition with your rivals, the cooperation in your group is very vital. All the great achievements are got by the scientists' cooperation, like to make a plane, from the small unit to the wing, cooperation exists everywhere. The power of cooperation is extremely mighty. Without the sense of cooperation, you must feel insular and never reach the top, which can also explain why the Chinese football team always loses in the match. And from discussion between classmates to the international communication, all the friendly atmospheres are found because of the cooperation.
Therefore, to be successful, both competition and cooperation play irreplaceable roles. We need to compete with the rivals to improve our competence, which will help us cooperate with our teammates. As a result,
we'll be the man of our time. 郑李萍08113712
翻
译。