The call of the wild
The Call of the Wild(野性的呼唤)
Work summary(作品简介）. Artistic value（艺术价值）. Works of Enlightenment（作品的 启示）. Personal feeling(个人心得）.
Work summary
• "The call of the wild", also known as "the call of the wild" (The Call of the Wild), the America famous writer Jack London. Works with a dog experience shows the civilized world dog owner forced back to barbarism, writing is a dog, also reflects the people of the world. This has been in rapid removal of desire, dust: heavy sleep, wild return. Buck was judge of a dog's Miller, after a civilization, has been living in the south of California America a warm valley. After being sold to USA cold northern remote, gold rich Alaska, into a sled dog.
Artistic value
Combination of realism and romanticism of the perfect. Multiple themes.(1)natural inspiration.(2)The survival of the fittest principle.(3)The refraction of social life.(4)struggling spirit(5)humanitarian spirit The narrative angle of view multiple. Metaphor, symbolism.
高三英语高效课堂资料2.The call of the wild
高三英语高效课堂资料The Call of the Wild书名：野性的呼唤作者：杰克·伦敦简介：在加利福尼亚的家里,巴克过着安逸舒适的生活。
他是那儿最高大强壮的狗,地位举足轻重。
他和孩子们一同散步,在水中嬉戏,冬天的时候他就坐在主人的炉火边取暖。
但是在1897年,人们在育空河发现了金矿,他们需要像巴克这样的狗。
于是巴克被从家乡偷运到北方。
他在那里学会了拉雪撬,在冰天雪地中日复一日地跋涉。
他学会了偷食以慰饥肠,破冰取水解渴,还学会了反击来对付那些欺负他的狗。
而且他学得很快。
不久巴克成为了北方所有著名的拉雪撬的狗之一。
但是北部是狼群出没的森林,在那里他们对着明月长嗥。
野性的呼唤在巴克的梦中回响,越来越响亮……杰克·伦敦1876年生于旧金山,死于1916年。
他出身穷苦,在他短暂的一生中他有丰富的经历——海员、工人、育空河的淘金人、旅行家、记者和作家。
他写了很多书,但是其中以《野性的呼唤》和另一本写狗的书《白芳》,最广为流传。
1 To the northBuck did not read the newspapers. He did not know that trouble was coming for every big dog in California. Men had found gold in the Yukon, and these men wanted big, strong dogs to work in the cold and snow of the north.Buck lived in Mr. Miller's big house in the sunny Santa Clara valley There were large gardens and fields of fruit trees around the house, and a river nearby. In a big place like this, of course, there were many dogs There were house dogs and farm dogs, but they were not important. Buck was chief dog；he was born here, and this was his place .He was four years old and weighed sixty kilos .He went swimming with Mr. Miller's sons, and walking with his daughters .He carried the grandchildren on his back, and he sat at Mr. Miller's feet in front of the fire in winter.But this was 1897, and Buck did not know that men and dogs were hurrying to north-west Canada to look for gold. And he did not know that Manuel, one of Mr. Miller's gardeners, needed money for his large family. One day, when Mr. Miller was out, Manuel and Buck left the garden together. It was just an evening walk, Buck thought. No one saw them go, and only one man saw them arrive at the railway station. This man talked to Manuel, and gave him some money .Then he tied a piece of rope around Buck's neck.Buck growled, and was surprised when the rope was pulled hard around his neck. He jumped at the man. The man caught him and suddenly Buck was on his back with his tongue out of his mouth. For a few moments he was unable to move, and it was easy for the two men to put him into the train.When Buck woke up, the train was still moving. The man was sitting and watching him, butBuck was too quick for him and he bit the man's hand hard. Then the rope was pulled again and Buck had to let go.That evening, the man took Buck to the back room of a bar in San Francisco. The barman looked at the man's hand and trousers covered in blood.‘How much are they paying you for this?’ he asked.‘I only get fifty dollars.’‘And the man who stole him—how much did he get?’ asked the barman.‘A hundred. He wouldn't take less.’‘That makes a hundred and fifty. It's a good price for a dog like him .Here, help me to get him into this.’They took off Buck's rope and pushed him into a wooden box. He spent the night in the box in the back room of the bar. His neck still ached with pain from the rope, and he could not understand what it all meant . What did they want with him, these strange men? And where was Mr. Miller?The next day Buck was carried in the box to the railway station and put on a train to the north.For two days and nights the train travelled north, and for two days and nights Buck neither ate nor drank. Men on the train laughed at him and pushed sticks at him through the holes in the box. For two days and nights Buck got angrier and hungrier and thirstier. His eyes grew red and he bit anything that moved.In Seattle four men took Buck to a small, high－walled back garden, where a fat man in an old red coat was waiting. Buck was now very angry indeed and he jumped and bit at the sides of his box. The fat man smiled and went to get an axe and a club.‘Are you going to take him out now?’ asked one of the men. ‘Of course,’ answered the fat man, and he began to break the box with his axe.Immediately the four other men climbed up onto the wall to watch from a safe place.As the fat man hit the box with his axe, Buck jumped at the sides, growling and biting, pulling with his teeth at the pieces of broken wood. After a few minutes there was a hole big enough for Buck to get out. ‘ Now, come here, red eyes,’ said the fat man, dropping his axe and taking the club in his right hand.Buck jumped at the man, sixty kilos of anger, his mouth wide open ready to bite the man's neck. Just before his teeth touched the skin, the man hit him with the club. Buck fell to the ground. It was the first time anyone had hit him with a club and he did not understand. He stood up, and jumped again. Again the club hit him and he crashed to the ground. Ten times he jumped at the man, and ten times the club hit him. Slowly he got to his feet, now only just able to stand. There was blood on his nose and mouth and ears. Then the fat man walked up and hit him again, very hard, on the nose. The pain was terrible. Again, Buck jumped at the man and again he was hit to the ground. A last time he jumped, and this time, when the man knocked him down, Buck did not move.‘He knows how to teach a dog a lesson,’ said one of the men on the wall. Then the four men jumped down and went back to the station.‘His name is Buck,’ said the fat man to himself, reading the letter that had come with the box.’Well, Buck, my by,’ he said in a friendly voice,’ we've argued a little, and I think the best thing to donow is to stop. Be a good dog and we'll be friends. But if you're a bad dog, I'll have to use my club again. Understand?’As he spoke, he touched Buck’ s head, and although Buck was angry inside, he did not move. When the man brought him water and meat, Buck drank and then ate the meat, piece by piece, from the man's hand.Buck was beaten（he knew that）but he was not broken. He had learnt that a man with a club was stronger than him. Every day he saw more dogs arrive, and each dog was beaten by the fat man. Buck understood that a man with a club must be obeyed, although he did not have to be a friend.Men came to see the fat man and to look at the dogs. Some-times they paid money and left with one or more of the dogs. One day a short, dark man came and looked at Buck.‘That's a good dog!’ he cried.’ How much do you want for him?’‘Three hundred dollars. It's a good price, Perrault,’ said the fat man.Perrault smiled and agreed that it was a good price. He knew dogs, and he knew that Buck was an excellent dog.‘One in ten thousand,’ Perrault said to himself.Buck saw money put into the fat man’ s hand, and he was not surprised when he and another dog called Curly were taken away by Perrault. He took them to a ship, and later that day Buck and Curly stood and watched the coast get further and further away. They had seen the warm south for the last time.Perrault took Buck and Curly down to the bottom of the ship. There they met another man, Francois. Perrault was a French－Canadian, but Francois was half－Indian, tall and dark. Buck learnt quickly that Perrault and Francois were fair men, calm and honest. And they knew everything about dogs.There were two other dogs on the ship. One was a big dog called Spitz, as white as snow. He was friendly to Buck at first, always smiling. He was smiling when he tried to steal Buck’ s food at the first meal. Francois was quick and hit Spitz before Buck had time to move. Buck decided that this was fair, and began to like Francois a little.Dave, the other dog, was not friendly. He wanted to be alone all the time. He ate and slept and was interested in nothing.One day was very like another, but Buck noticed that the weather was getting colder. One morning, the ship's engines stopped, and there was a feeling of excitement in the ship. Francois leashed the dogs and took them outside. At the first step Buck's feet went into something soft and white. He jumped back in surprise. The soft, white thing was also falling through the air, and it fell onto him. He tried to smell it, and then caught some on his tongue. It bit like fire, and then disappeared. He tried again and the same thing happened. People were watching him and laughing, and Buck felt ashamed, although he did not know why. It was his first snow.2 The law of club and toothBuck's first day at Dyea Beach was terrible. Every hour there was some new, frightening surprise. There was no peace, no rest—only continual noise and movement. And every minute there was danger, because these dogs and men were not town dogs and men. They knew only the law of club and tooth.Buck had never seen dogs fight like these dogs；they were like wolves. In a few minutes he learnt this from watching Curly. She tried to make friends with a dog, a big one, al－though not as big as she was. There was no warning. The dog jumped on Curly, his teeth closed together, then he jumped away, and Curly's face was torn open from eye to mouth.Wolves fight like this, biting and jumping away, but the fight did not finish then. Thirty or forty more dogs ran up and made a circle around the fight, watching silently. Curly tried to attack the dog who had bitten her；he bit her a second time, and jumped away. When she attacked him again, he knocked her backwards, and she fell on the ground. She never stood up again, because this was what the other dogs were waiting for. They moved in, and in a moment she was under a crowd of dogs.It was all very sudden. Buck saw Spitz run out from the crowd with his tongue out of his mouth, laughing. Then he saw Francois with an axe, and two or three other men with clubs jump in among the dogs. Two minutes later the last of the dogs was chased away. But Curly lay dead in the snow, her body torn almost to pieces. Curly's death often came back to Buck in his dreams. He understood that once a dog was down on the ground, he was dead He also remembered Spitz laughing, and from that moment he hated him.Then Buck had another surprise. Francois put a harness on him. Buck had seen harnesses on horses, and now he was made to work like a horse, pulling Francois on a sledge into the forest and returning with wood for the fire. Buck worked with Spitz and Dave. The two other dogs had worked in a harness before, and Buck learnt by watching them. He also learnt to stop and turn when Francois shouted.‘Those three are very good dogs,’ Francois told Perrault.’ That Buck pulls very well, and he's learning quickly.’Perrault had important letters and official papers to take to Dawson City, so that afternoon he bought two more dogs, two brothers called Billee and Joe. Billee was very friendly, but Joe was the opposite. In the evening Perrault bought one more dog, an old dog with one eye .His name was Solleks, which means The Angry One. Like Dave, he made no friends；all he wanted was to be alone.That night Buck discovered another problem. Where was he going to sleep? Francois and Perrault were in their tent, but when he went in, they shouted angrily and threw things at him. Outside it was very cold and windy. He lay down in the snow, but he was too cold to sleep.He walked around the tents trying to find the other dogs. But, to his surprise, they had disappeared. He walked around Perrault's tent, very, very cold, wondering what to do. Suddenly, the snow under his feet fell in, and he felt something move. He jumped back, waiting for the attack, but heard on-ly a friendly bark. There, in a warm hole under the snow, was Billee.So that was what you had to do. Buck chose a place, dug himself a hole and in a minute he was warm and asleep. He slept well, although his dreams were bad.When he woke up, at first he did not know where he was. It had snowed in the night and the snow now lay thick and heavy above him. Suddenly he was afraid—the fear of a wild animal when it is caught and cannot escape. Growling, he threw himself at the snow, and a moment later, he had jumped upwards into the daylight. He saw the tents and remembered everything, from the time he had gone for a walk with Manuel to the moment he had dug the hole the night before. ‘What did I say?’shouted Francois to Perrault, when he saw Buck come up out of the snow.’ That Buck learns quickly.’Perrault smiled slowly. He was carrying important papers, and he needed good dogs. He was very pleased to have Buck.They bought three more dogs that morning, and a quarter of an hour later all nine dogs were in harness and on their way up the Dyea Canyon. Buck was not sorry to be moving, and although it was hard work, he almost enjoyed it. He was also surprised to see that Dave and Sol－leks no longer looked bored and miserable. Pulling in a harness was their job, and they were happy to do it.Dave was sledge－dog, the dog nearest to the sledge. In front of him was Buck, then came Solleks. In front of them were the six other dogs, with Spitz as leader at the front. Francois had put Buck between Dave and Solleks because they could teach him the work. Buck learnt well, and they were good teachers. When Buck pulled the wrong way, Dave always bit his leg, but only lightly. Once, when they stopped, Buck got tied up in his harness, and it took ten minutes to get started again. Both Dave and Solleks gave him a good beating for that mistake. Buck understood, and was more careful after that.It was a hard day's journey, up the Dyea Canyon and into the mountains. They camped that night at Lake Bennett. Here there were thousands of gold miners. They were building boats to sail up the lake when the ice melted in the spring. Buck made his hole in the snow and slept well, but was woken up very early and harnessed to the sledge. The first day they had travelled on snow that had been hardened by many sledges and they covered sixty kilometers. But the next day, and for days afterwards, they were on new snow. The work was harder and they went slowly. Usually, Perrault went in front, on snowshoes, flattening the snow a little for the dogs. Francois stayed by the sledge. Sometimes the two men changed places, but there were many small lakes and rivers, and Perrault understood ice better. He always knew when the ice across a river was very thin.Day after day Buck pulled in his harness. They started in the morning before it was light, and they stopped in the evening after dark, ate a piece of fish, and went to sleep in their holes under the snow. Buck was always hungry. Francois gave him 750 grams of dried fish a day, and it was never enough. The other dogs were given only 500 grams；they were smaller and could stay dive on less food.Buck learnt to eat quickly；if he was too slow, the other dogs stole his food. He saw Pike, one of the new dogs, steal some meat from the sledge when Perrault wasn't looking. The next day Buck stole some and got away unseen. Perrault was very angry, but he thought another dog, Dub, had taken it and so punished him instead of Buck.Buck was learning how to live in the north. In the south he had never stolen, but there he had never been so hungry. He stole cleverly and secretly, remembering the beatings from the man with the club.Buck was learning the law of club and tooth.He learnt to eat any food—anything that he could get his teeth into. He learnt to break the ice on water holes with his feet when he wanted to drink He was stronger, harder, and could see and smell better than ever before .In a way, he was remembering back to the days when wild dogs travelled in packs through the forest, killing for meat as they went. It was easy for him to learn to fight like a wolf,because it was in his blood. In the evenings, when he pointed his nose at the moon and howled long and loud, he was remembering the dogs and wolves that had come before him.3 The wild animalThe wild animal was strong in Buck, and as he travelled across the snow, it grew stronger and stronger. And as Buck grew stronger, he hated Spitz more and more, although he was careful never to start a fight.But Spitz was always showing his teeth to Buck, trying to start a fight. And Buck knew that if he and Spitz fought, one of them would die.The fight almost happened one night when they stopped by Lake Laberge. There was heavy snow and it was very cold. The lake was frozen and Francois, Perrault, and the dogs had to spend the night on the ice, under a big rock. Buck had made a warm hole in the snow and was sorry to leave it to get his piece of fish. But when he had eaten. and returned to his hole, he found Spitz in it. Buck had tried not to fight Spitz be－fore, but this was too much. He attacked him angrily. Spitz was surprised. He knew Buck was big, but he didn’ t know he was so wild. Francois was surprised too, and guessed why Buck was angry. ‘Go on Buck!’ he shouted.’ Fight him, the dirty thief!’Spitz was also ready to fight, and the two dogs circled one another, looking for the chance to jump in. But suddenly there was a shout from Perrault, and they saw eighty or a hundred dogs around the sledge. The dogs came from an Indian village, and they were searching for the food that they could smell on the sledge. Perrault and Francois tried to fight them off with their clubs, but the dogs, made crazy by the smell of the food, showed their teeth and fought back.Buck had never seed dogs like these. They were all skin and bone, but hunger made them fight like wild things. Three of them attacked Buck and in seconds his head and legs were badly bitten. Dave and Solleks stood side by side, covered in blood, fighting bravely. Joe and Pike jumped on one dog, and Pike broke its neck with one bite. Buck caught another dog by the neck and tasted blood. He threw himself on the next one, and then felt teeth in his own neck. It was Spitz, attacking him from the side.Perrault and Francois came to help with clubs, but then they had to run back to save the food . It was safer for the nine sledge－dogs to run away across the lake. Several of them were badly hurt, and they spent an unhappy night hiding among the tress.At first light they returned to the sledge and found Perrault and Francois tired and angry. Half their food was gone. The Indian dogs had even eaten one of Perrault's shoes. Francois looked at his dogs unhappily.‘Ah, my friends,’he said softly,’Perhaps those bites will make you ill. What do you think, Perrault?’Perrault said nothing. They still had six hundred kilometres to travel, and he hoped very much that his sledge－dogs had not caught rabies from the Indian dogs.The harness was torn and damaged and it was two hours be－fore they were moving, travelling slowly and painfully over the most difficult country that they had been in.The Thirty Mile River was not frozen. It ran too fast to freeze. They spent six days trying to find a place to cross, and every step was dangerous for dogs and men. Twelve times they found ice bridgesacross the river, and Perrault walked carefully onto them, holding a long piece of wood. And twelve times he fell through a bridge and was saved by the piece of wood, which caught on the sides of the hole. But the temperature was 45°below zero, and each time Perrault fell into the water, he had to light a fire to dry and warm himself. Once, the sledge fell through the ice, with Dave and Buck, and they were covered in ice by the time Perrault and Francois pulled them out of the river. Again, a fire was needed to save them. Another time, Spitz and the dogs in front fell through the ice—Buck and Dave and Francois at the sledge had to pull backwards. That day they travelled only four hundred metres.When they got to the Hootalinqua and good ice, Buck and the other dogs were very, very tired. But they were late, so Perrault made them run faster. In three days they went a hundred and eighty kilometres and reached the Five Fingers.The other dogs had hard feet from years of pulling sledges, but Buck's feet were still soft from his easy life down south. All day he ran painfully, and when they camped for the night, he lay down like a dead dog. He was hungry, but he was too tired to walk to the fish, so Francois brought it to him. One day Francois made four little shoes for him, and this made Buck much more comfortable. Francois forgot the shoes one morning, and Buck refused to move. He lay on his back with his feet in the air, until Francois put the shoes on. Later his feet grew harder and the shoes were not needed.One morning, at the Pelly River, a dog called Delly went suddenly mad. She howled long and loud like a wolf and then jumped at Buck. Buck ran, with Dolly one step behind him. She could not catch him, but he could not escape from her. They ran half a kilometre, and then Buck heard Francois call to him. He turned and ran towards the man, sure that Francois would save him. Francois stood ,holding his axe, and as Buck passed, the axe crashed down on Dolly's head.Buck fell down by the sledge, too tired to move. Immediately, Spitz attacked him and bit his helpless enemy twice, as hard as he could. But Francois saw this, and gave Spitz a terrible beating for it.‘He's a wild dog, that Spitz,’ said Perrault.’ One day he'll kill Buck.’‘Buck is wilder,’ replied Francois.’ I've been watching him. One day he'll get very angry and he'll fight Spitz；and he'll win.’ Francois was right. Buck wanted to be lead-dog. Spitz knew this and hated him. Buck started to help the other dogs when Spitz punished them for being lazy. One morning, Pike refused to get up, and Spitz looked for him everywhere. When he found him, he jumped at him. But suddenly, Buck at－tacked Spitz. The other dogs saw this, and it became more and more difficult for Spitz to lead them. But the days passed without a chance for a fight, and soon they were pulling into Dawson City on a cold grey afternoon.They stayed in Dawson for seven days. When they left, Perrault was carrying some more very important papers, and he wanted to travel back as fast as possible.They travelled eighty kilometres the first day, and the same the second. But it was difficult work for Francois. Buck and Spitz hated each other, and the other dogs were not afraid of Spitz any more. One night Pike stole half a fish from Spitz, and ate it standing next to Buck. And every time Buck went near Spitz, he growled and the hair on his back stood up angrily. The other dogs fought in their harnesses and Francois often had to stop the sledge. He knew that Buck was the problem, but Buckwas too clever for him and Francois never saw him actually starting a fight.One night in camp, the dogs saw a snow rabbit and in a second they were all chasing it, with Spitz in front. Nearby was another camp, with fifty dogs, who also Joined the chase. The rabbit was running fast on top of the snow, but the snow was soft, and it was more difficult for the dogs. When Spitz caught the rabbit, throwing it in the air with his teeth, Buck was just behind. Spitz stopped, and Buck hit him, very hard. The two dogs fell in the snow. Spitz bit Buck very quickly, twice, and then jumped away, watching carefully.The time had come, and Buck knew that either he or Spitz must die. They watched one another, circling slowly. The moon was shining brightly on the snow, and in the cold still air not a leaf moved on the trees. The other dogs finished eating the rabbit and then turned to watch.Spitz was a good fighter. He was full of hate and anger, but he was also intelligent. Every time Buck tried to bite his throat, he met Spitz's own teeth. Then, each time Buck attacked, Spitz moved and bit him on the side as he passed. After a few minutes, Buck was covered in blood.He attacked again, but this time turned at the last minute and went under Spitz, biting his left front leg. The bone broke, and Spitz was standing on three legs. Buck tried to knock Spitz down, and then repeated his earlier attack and broke Spitz's right front leg.There was no hope for Spitz now. Buck got ready for his final attack, while the circle of sixty dogs watched, and crowded nearer and nearer, waiting for the end. At last Buck jumped, in and out, and Spitz went down in the snow. A second later the waiting pack was on top of him, and Spitz had disappeared. Buck stood and watched. The wild animal had made its kill.4 The new lead-dog‘Well, what did I say? Buck’ s a real fighter, all right,’ said Francois the next morning when he discovered that Spitz had disappeared and that Buck was covered in blood.‘Spitz fought like a wolf,’ said Perrault, as he looked at the bites all over Buck.‘And Buck fought like ten wolves,’ answered Francois.’ And we'll travel faster now. No more Spitz, no more trouble.’Francois started to harness the dogs. He needed a new lead－dog, and decided that Solleks was the best dog that he had. But Buck jumped at Solleks and took his place.‘Look at Buck!’ said Francois, laughing.’ He's killed Spitz, and now he wants to be lead－dog. Go away, Buck!’He pulled Buck away and tried to harness Solleks again. Solleks was unhappy too. He was frightened of Buck, and when Francois turned his back, Buck took Solleks’ place again. Now Francois was angry.‘I'll show you!’ he cried, and went to get a heavy club from the sledge.Buck remembered the man in the red coat, and moved away. This time, when Solleks was harnessed as lead-dog, Buck did not try to move in. He kept a few metres away and circled around Francois carefully. But when Francois called him to his old place in front of Dave, Buck refused. He had won his fight with Spitz and he wanted to be lead－dog.For an hour the two men tried to harness him. Buck did not run away, but he did not let them catch him. Finally, Francois sat down, and Perrault looked at his watch. It was getting late. The twomen looked at one another and smiled Francois walked up to Solleks, took off his harness, led him back and harnessed him in his old place. Then he called Buck. All the other dogs were harnessed and the only empty place was now the one at the front But Buck did not move.‘Put down the club,’ said Perrault.Francois dropped the club, and immediately Buck came up to the front of the team. Francois harnessed him ,and in a minute the sledge was moving.Buck was an excellent leader. He moved and thought quickly and led the other dogs well. A new leader made no difference to Dave and Solleks；they continued to pull hard .But the other dogs had had an easy life when Spitz was leading. They were surprised when Buck made them work hard and punished them for their mistakes Pike, the second dog, was usually lazy；but by the end of the first day he was pulling harder than he had ever pulled in his life. The first night in camp Buck fought Joe, another difficult dog, and after that there were no more problems with him. The team started to pull together, and to move faster and faster.‘I've never seen a dog like Buck!’ cried Francois,’ Never! He's worth a thousand dollars .What do you think, Perrault?’Perrault agreed. They were moving quickly, and covering more ground every day The snow was good and hard, and no new snow fell. The temperature dropped to 45°below zero, and didn't change.This time there was more ice on the Thirty Mile River, and they crossed in a day. Some days they ran a hundred kilometres, or even more They reached Skagway in fourteen days；the fastest time ever.For three days the dogs rested in Skagway. Then Francois put his arms around Buck's neck and said goodbye to him. And that was the last of Francois and Perrault. Like other men, they passed out of Buck's life for ever.Two new men took Buck and his team back north on the long journey to Dawson, travelling with several other dog－teams. It was heavy work；the sledge was loaded with letters for the gold miners of Dawson. Buck did not like it, but he worked hard, and made the other dogs work hard, too. Each day was the same. They started early, before it was light, and at night they stopped and camped and the dogs ate. For the dogs this was the best part of the day, first eating, then resting by the fire.Buck liked to lie by the fire, looking at the burning wood. Sometimes he thought about Mr. Miller's house in California. More of ten he remembered the man in the red coat and his club, the death of Curly, the fight with Spitz, and the good things that he had eaten But sometimes he remembered other things These were things that he remembered through his parents, and his parents parents, and all the dogs which had lived before him.Sometimes as he lay there, he seemed to see, in a waking dream, a different fire. And he saw next to him, not the Indian cook, but another man, a man with shorter legs, and longer arms. This man had long hair and deep eyes, and made strange noises in his throat He was very frightened of the dark, and looked around him all the time, holding a heavy stone in his hand .He wore the skin of an animal on his back, and Buck could see thick hair all over his body.Buck sat by the fire with this hairy man, and in the circling darkness beyond the fire he could see many eyes—the eyes of hungry animals waiting to attack. And he growled softly in his dream until。
The Call of the Wild(野性的呼唤)
The Call of the Wild1 To the northBuck did not read the newspapers．He did not know that trouble was coming for every big dog in California．Men had found gold in the Yukon，and these men wanted big，strong dogs to work in the cold and snow of the north．Buck lived in Mr. Miller's big house in the sunny Santa Clara valley．There were large gardens and fields of fruit trees around the house，and a river nearby．In a big place like this，of course，there were many dogs．There were house dogs and farm dogs，but they were not important．Buck was chief dog；he was born here，and this was his place ．He was four years old and weighed sixty kilos ．He went swimming with Mr. Miller's sons，and walking with his daughters ．He carried the grandchildren on his back，and he sat at Mr. Miller's feet in front of the fire in winter．But this was 1897，and Buck did not know that men and dogs were hurrying to north-west Canada to look for gold．And he did not know that Manuel，one of Mr. Miller's gardeners，needed money for his large family．One day，when Mr. Miller was out，Manuel and Buck left the garden together．It was just an evening walk，Buck thought．No one saw them go，and only one man saw them arrive at the railway station．This man talked to Manuel，and gave him some money ．Then he tied a piece of rope around Buck's neck．Buck growled，and was surprised when the rope was pulled hard around his neck．He jumped at the man．The man caught him and suddenly Buck was on his back with his tongue out of his mouth．For a few moments he was unable to move，and it was easy for the two men to put him into the train．When Buck woke up，the train was still moving．The man was sitting and watching him，but Buck was too quick for him and he bit the man's hand hard．Then the rope was pulled again and Buck had to let go．That evening，the man took Buck to the back room of a bar in San Francisco．The barman looked at the man's hand and trousers covered in blood．‘How much are they paying you for this？’he asked．‘I only get fifty dollars．’‘And the m an who stole him—how much did he get？’ asked the barman．‘A hundred．He wouldn't take less．’‘That makes a hundred and fifty．It's a good price for a dog like him ．Here，help me to get him into this．’They took off Buck's rope and pushed him into a wooden box．He spent the night in the box in the back room of the bar．His neck still ached with pain from the rope，and he could not understand what it all meant ．What did they want with him，these strange men？And where was Mr. Miller？The next day Buck was carried in the box to the railway station and put on a train to the north．For two days and nights the train travelled north，and for two days and nights Buck neither ate nor drank．Men on the train laughed at him and pushed sticks at him through the holes in the box．For two days and nights Buck got angrier and hungrier and thirstier．His eyes grew red and he bit anything that moved．In Seattle four men took Buck to a small，high－walled back garden，where a fat man in an old red coat was waiting．Buck was now very angry indeed and he jumped and bit at the sides of his box．The fat man smiled and went to get an axe and a club．‘Are you going to take him out now？’ asked one of the men．‘Of course，’ answered the fat man，and he began to break the box with his axe．Immediately the four other men climbed up onto the wall to watch from a safe place．As the fat man hit the box with his axe，Buck jumped at the sides，growling and biting，pulling with his teeth at the pieces of broken wood．After a few minutes there was a hole big enough for Buck to get out．‘ Now，come here，red eyes，’ said the fat man，dropping his axe and taking the club in his right hand．Buck jumped at the man，sixty kilos of anger，his mouth wide open ready to bite the man's neck．Just before his teeth touched the skin，the man hit him with the club．Buck fell to the ground．It was the first time anyone had hit him with a club and he did not understand．He stood up，and jumped again．Again the club hit him and he crashed to the ground．Ten times he jumped at the man，and ten times the club hit him．Slowly he got to his feet，now only just able to stand．There was blood on his nose and mouth and ears．Then the fat man walked up and hit him again，very hard，on the nose．The pain was terrible．Again，Buck jumped at the man and again he was hit to the ground．A last time he jumped，and this time，when the man knocked him down，Buck did not move．‘He knows how to teach a dog a lesson，’ said one of the men on the wall．Then the four men jumped down and went back to the station．‘His name is Buck，’said the fat man to himself，reading the letter that had come with the box．‘Well，Buck，my by，’he said in a friendly voice，‘we've argued a little，and I think the best thing to do now is to stop．Be a good dog and we'll be friends．But if you're a bad dog，I'll have to use my club again．Understand？’As he spoke，he touched Buck’ s head，and although Buck was angry inside，he did not move．When the man brought him water and meat，Buck drank and then ate the meat，piece by piece，from the man's hand．Buck was beaten（he knew that）but he was not broken．He had learnt that a man with a club was stronger than him．Every day he saw more dogs arrive，and each dog was beaten by the fat man．Buck understood that a man with a club must be obeyed，although he did not have to be a friend．Men came to see the fat man and to look at the dogs．Some-times they paid money and left with one or more of the dogs．One day a short，dark man came and looked at Buck．‘That's a good dog！’ he cried．‘How much do you want for him？’‘Three hundred dollars．It's a good price，Perrault，’said the fat man．Perrault smiled and agreed that it was a good price．He knew dogs，and he knew that Buck was an excellent dog．‘One in ten thousand，’ Perrault said to h imself．Buck saw money put into the fat man’ s hand，and he was not surprised when he and another dog called Curly were taken away by Perrault．He took them to a ship，and later that day Buck and Curly stood and watched the coast get further and further away．They had seen the warm south for the last time．Perrault took Buck and Curly down to the bottom of the ship．There they met another man，Francois．Perrault was a French－Canadian，but Francois was half －Indian，tall and dark．Buck learnt quickly that Perrault and Francois were fair men，calm and honest．And they knew everything about dogs．There were two other dogs on the ship．One was a big dog called Spitz，as whiteas snow．He was friendly to Buck at first，always smiling．He was smiling when he tried to st eal Buck’ s food at the first meal．Francois was quick and hit Spitz before Buck had time to move．Buck decided that this was fair，and began to like Francois a little．Dave，the other dog，was not friendly．He wanted to be alone all the time．He ate and slept and was interested in nothing．One day was very like another，but Buck noticed that the weather was getting colder．One morning，the ship's engines stopped，and there was a feeling of excitement in the ship．Francois leashed the dogs and took them outside．At the first step Buck's feet went into something soft and white．He jumped back in surprise．The soft，white thing was also falling through the air，and it fell onto him．He tried to smell it，and then caught some on his tongue．It bit like fire，and then disappeared．He tried again and the same thing happened．People were watching him and laughing，and Buck felt ashamed，although he did not knowwhy．It was his first snow．2 The law of club and toothBuck's first day at Dyea Beach was terrible．Every hour there was some new，frightening surprise．There was no peace，no rest—only continual noise and movement．And every minute there was danger，because these dogs and men were not town dogs and men．They knew only the law of club and tooth．Buck had never seen dogs fight like these dogs；they were like wolves．In a few minutes he learnt this from watching Curly．She tried to make friends with a dog，a big one，although not as big as she was．There was no warning．The dog jumped on Curly，his teeth closed together，then he jumped away，and Curly's face was torn open from eye to mouth．Wolves fight like this，biting and jumping away，but the fight did not finish then．Thirty or forty more dogs ran up and made a circle around the fight，watching silently．Curly tried to attack the dog who had bitten her；he bit her a second time，and jumped away．When she attacked him again，he knocked her backwards，and she fell on the ground．She never stood up again，because this was what the other dogs were waiting for．They moved in，and in a moment she was under a crowd of dogs．It was all very sudden．Buck saw Spitz run out from the crowd with his tongueout of his mouth，laughing．Then he saw Francois with an axe，and two or three other men with clubs jump in among the dogs．Two minutes later the last of the dogs was chased away．But Curly lay dead in the snow，her body torn almost to pieces．Curly's death often came back to Buck in his dreams．He understood that once a dog was down on the ground，he was dead He also remembered Spitz laughing，and from that moment he hated him．Then Buck had another surprise．Francois put a harness on him．Buck had seen harnesses on horses，and now he was made to work like a horse，pulling Francois on a sledge into the forest and returning with wood for the fire．Buck worked with Spitz and Dave．The two other dogs had worked in a harness before，and Buck learnt by watching them．He also learnt to stop and turn when Francois shouted．‘Those three are very good dogs，’Francois told Perrault．‘That Buck pulls very well，and he's learning quickly．’Perrault had important letters and official papers to take to Dawson City，so that afternoon he bought two more dogs，two brothers called Billee and Joe．Billee was very friendly，but Joe was the opposite．In the evening Perrault bought one more dog，an old dog with one eye ．His name was Solleks，which means The Angry One．Like Dave，he made no friends；all he wanted was to be alone．That night Buck discovered another problem．Where was he going to sleep？Francois and Perrault were in their tent，but when he went in，they shouted angrily and threw things at him．Outside it was very cold and windy．He lay down in the snow，but he was too cold to sleep．He walked around the tents trying to find the other dogs．But，to his surprise，they had disappeared．He walked around Perrault's tent，very，very cold，wondering what to do．Suddenly，the snow under his feet fell in，and he felt something move．He jumped back，waiting for the attack，but heard only a friendly bark．There，in a warm hole under the snow，was Billee．So that was what you had to do．Buck chose a place，dug himself a hole and in a minute he was warm and asleep．He slept well，although his dreams were bad．When he woke up，at first he did not know where he was．It had snowed in the night and the snow now lay thick and heavy above him．Suddenly he was afraid—the fear of a wild animal when it is caught and cannot escape．Growling，he threw himself at the snow，and a moment later，he had jumped upwards into thedaylight．He saw the tents and remembered everything，from the time he had gone for a walk with Manuel to the moment he had dug the hole the night before．‘What did I say？’ shouted Francois to Perrault，when he saw Buck come up out of the snow．‘That Buck le arns quickly．’Perrault smiled slowly．He was carrying important papers，and he needed good dogs．He was very pleased to have Buck．They bought three more dogs that morning，and a quarter of an hour later all nine dogs were in harness and on their way up the Dyea Canyon．Buck was not sorry to be moving，and although it was hard work，he almost enjoyed it．He was also surprised to see that Dave and Solleks no longer looked bored and miserable．Pulling in a harness was their job，and they were happy to do it．Dave was sledge－dog，the dog nearest to the sledge．In front of him was Buck，then came Solleks．In front of them were the six other dogs，with Spitz as leader at the front．Francois had put Buck between Dave and Solleks because they could teach him the work．Buck learnt well，and they were good teachers．When Buck pulled the wrong way，Dave always bit his leg，but only lightly．Once，when they stopped，Buck got tied up in his harness，and it took ten minutes to get started again．Both Dave and Solleks gave him a good beating for that mistake．Buck understood，and was more careful after that．It was a hard day's journey，up the Dyea Canyon and into the mountains．They camped that night at Lake Bennett．Here there were thousands of gold miners．They were building boats to sail up the lake when the ice melted in the spring．Buck made his hole in the snow and slept well，but was woken up very early and harnessed to the sledge．The first day they had travelled on snow that had been hardened by many sledges and they covered sixty kilometres．But the next day，and for days afterwards，they were on new snow．The work was harder and they went slowly．Usually，Perrault went in front，on snowshoes，flattening the snow a little for the dogs．Francois stayed by the sledge．Sometimes the two men changed places，but there were many small lakes and rivers，and Perrault understood ice better．He always knew when the ice across a river was very thin．Day after day Buck pulled in his harness．They started in the morning before it was light，and they stopped in the evening after dark，ate a piece of fish，and went to sleep in their holes under the snow．Buck was always hungry．Francois gave him750 grams of dried fish a day，and it was never enough．The other dogs were given only 500 grams；they were smaller and could stay dive on less food．Buck learnt to eat quickly；if he was too slow，the other dogs stole his food．He saw Pike，one of the new dogs，steal some meat from the sledge when Perrault wasn't looking．The next day Buck stole some and got away unseen．Perrault was very angry，but he thought another dog，Dub，had taken it and so punished him instead of Buck．Buck was learning how to live in the north．In the south he had never stolen，but there he had never been so hungry．He stole cleverly and secretly，remembering the beatings from the man with the club．Buck was learning the law of club and tooth．He learnt to eat any food—anything that he could get his teeth into．He learnt to break the ice on water holes with his feet when he wanted to drink He was stronger，harder，and could see and smell better than ever before ．In a way，he was remembering back to the days when wild dogs travelled in packs through the forest，killing for meat as they went．It was easy for him to learn to fight like a wolf，because it was in his blood．In the evenings，when he pointed his nose at the moon and howled long and loud，he was remembering the dogs and wolves that had comebefore him．3 The wild animalThe wild animal was strong in Buck，and as he travelled across the snow，it grew stronger and stronger．And as Buck grew stronger，he hated Spitz more and more，although he was careful never to start a fight．But Spitz was always showing his teeth to Buck，trying to start a fight．And Buck knew that if he and Spitz fought，one of them would die．The fight almost happened one night when they stopped by Lake Laberge．There was heavy snow and it was very cold．The lake was frozen and Francois，Perrault，and the dogs had to spend the night on the ice，under a big rock．Buck had made a warm hole in the snow and was sorry to leave it to get his piece of fish．But when he had eaten．and returned to his hole，he found Spitz in it．Buck had tried not to fight Spitz before，but this was too much．He attacked him angrily．Spitz was surprised．He knew Buck was big，but he didn’ t know he was so wild．Francois was surprised too，and guessed why Buck was angry．‘Go on Buck！’ heshouted．‘Fight him，the dirty thief！’Spitz was also ready to fight，and the two dogs circled one another，looking for the chance to jump in．But suddenly there was a shout from Perrault，and they saw eighty or a hundred dogs around the sledge．The dogs came from an Indian village，and they were searching for the food that they could smell on the sledge．Perrault and Francois tried to fight them off with their clubs，but the dogs，made crazy by the smell of the food，showed their teeth and fought back．Buck had never seed dogs like these．They were all skin and bone，but hunger made them fight like wild things．Three of them attacked Buck and in seconds his head and legs were badly bitten．Dave and Solleks stood side by side，covered in blood，fighting bravely．Joe and Pike jumped on one dog，and Pike broke its neck with one bite．Buck caught another dog by the neck and tasted blood．He threw himself on the next one，and then felt teeth in his own neck．It was Spitz，attacking him from the side．Perrault and Francois came to help with clubs，but then they had to run back to save the food ．It was safer for the nine sledge－dogs to run away across the lake．Several of them were badly hurt，and they spent an unhappy night hiding among the tress．At first light they returned to the sledge and found Perrault and Francois tired and angry．Half their food was gone．The Indian dogs had even eaten one of Perrault's shoes．Francois looked at his dogs unhappily．‘Ah，my friends，’he said softly，‘Perhaps those bites will make you ill．What do you think，Perrault？’Perrault said nothing．They still had six hundred kilometres to travel，and he hoped very much that his sledge－dogs had not caught rabies from the Indian dogs．The harness was torn and damaged and it was two hours before they were moving，travelling slowly and painfully over the most difficult country that they had been in．The Thirty Mile River was not frozen．It ran too fast to freeze．They spent six days trying to find a place to cross，and every step was dangerous for dogs and men．Twelve times they found ice bridges across the river，and Perrault walked carefully onto them，holding a long piece of wood．And twelve times he fell through a bridge and was saved by the piece of wood，which caught on the sides ofthe hole．But the temperature was 45° below zero，and each time Perrault fell into the water，he had to light a fire to dry and warm himself．Once，the sledge fell through the ice，with Dave and Buck，and they were covered in ice by the time Perrault and Francois pulled them out of the river．Again，a fire was needed to save them．Another time，Spitz and the dogs in front fell through the ice—Buck and Dave and Francois at the sledge had to pull backwards．That day they travelled only four hundred metres．When they got to the Hootalinqua and good ice，Buck and the other dogs were very，very tired．But they were late，so Perrault made them run faster．In three days they went a hundred and eighty kilometres and reached the Five Fingers．The other dogs had hard feet from years of pulling sledges，but Buck's feet were still soft from his easy life down south．All day he ran painfully，and when they camped for the night，he lay down like a dead dog．He was hungry，but he was too tired to walk to the fish，so Francois brought it to him．One day Francois made four little shoes for him，and this made Buck much more comfortable．Francois forgot the shoes one morning，and Buck refused to move．He lay on his back with his feet in the air，until Francois put the shoes on．Later his feet grew harder and the shoes were not needed．One morning，at the Pelly River，a dog called Delly went suddenly mad．She howled long and loud like a wolf and then jumped at Buck．Buck ran，with Dolly one step behind him．She could not catch him，but he could not escape from her．They ran half a kilometre，and then Buck heard Francois call to him．He turned and ran towards the man，sure that Francois would save him．Francois stood ，holding his axe，and as Buck passed，the axe crashed down on Dolly's head．Buck fell down by the sledge，too tired to move．Immediately，Spitz attacked him and bit his helpless enemy twice，as hard as he could．But Francois saw this，and gave Spitz a terrible beating for it．‘He's a wild dog，that Spitz，’said Perrault．‘One day he'll kill Buck．’‘Buck is wilder，’replied Francois．‘I've been watching him．One day he'll get very angry and he'll fight Spitz；and he'll win．’ Francois was right．Buck wanted to be lead-dog．Spitz knew this and hated him．Buck started to help the other dogs when Spitz punished them for being lazy．One morning，Pike refused to get up，and Spitz looked for him everywhere．When he found him，he jumped at him．Butsuddenly，Buck attacked Spitz．The other dogs saw this，and it became more and more difficult for Spitz to lead them．But the days passed without a chance for a fight，and soon they were pulling into Dawson City on a cold grey afternoon．They stayed in Dawson for seven days．When they left，Perrault was carrying some more very important papers，and he wanted to travel back as fast as possible．They travelled eighty kilometres the first day，and the same the second．But it was difficult work for Francois．Buck and Spitz hated each other，and the other dogs were not afraid of Spitz any more．One night Pike stole half a fish from Spitz，and ate it standing next to Buck．And every time Buck went near Spitz，he growled and the hair on his back stood up angrily．The other dogs fought in their harnesses and Francois often had to stop the sledge．He knew that Buck was the problem，but Buck was too clever for him and Francois never saw him actually starting a fight．One night in camp，the dogs saw a snow rabbit and in a second they were all chasing it，with Spitz in front．Nearby was another camp，with fifty dogs，who also Joined the chase．The rabbit was running fast on top of the snow，but the snow was soft，and it was more difficult for the dogs．When Spitz caught the rabbit，throwing it in the air with his teeth，Buck was just behind．Spitz stopped，and Buck hit him，very hard．The two dogs fell in the snow．Spitz bit Buck very quickly，twice，and then jumped away，watching carefully．The time had come，and Buck knew that either he or Spitz must die．They watched one another，circling slowly．The moon was shining brightly on the snow，and in the cold still air not a leaf moved on the trees．The other dogs finished eating the rabbit and then turned to watch．Spitz was a good fighter．He was full of hate and anger，but he was also intelligent．Every time Buck tried to bite his throat，he met Spitz's own teeth．Then，each time Buck attacked，Spitz moved and bit him on the side as he passed．After a few minutes，Buck was covered in blood．He attacked again，but this time turned at the last minute and went under Spitz，biting his left front leg．The bone broke，and Spitz was standing on three legs．Buck tried to knock Spitz down，and then repeated his earlier attack and broke Spitz's right front leg．There was no hope for Spitz now．Buck got ready for his final attack，while the circle of sixty dogs watched，and crowded nearer and nearer，waiting for theend．At last Buck jumped，in and out，and Spitz went down in the snow．A second later the waiting pack was on top of him，and Spitz had disappeared．Buck stood and watched．The wild animal had made its kill．4 The new lead-dog‘Well，what did I say？Buck’ s a real fighter，all right，’ said Francoi s the next morning when he discovered that Spitz had disappeared and that Buck was covered in blood．‘Spitz fought like a wolf，’said Perrault，as he looked at the bites all over Buck．‘And Buck fought like ten wolves，’ answered Francois．‘And we'll travel f aster now．No more Spitz，no more trouble．’Francois started to harness the dogs．He needed a new lead－dog，and decided that Solleks was the best dog that he had．But Buck jumped at Solleks and took his place．‘Look at Buck！’ said Francois，laughing．‘He's k illed Spitz，and now he wants to be lead－dog．Go away，Buck！’He pulled Buck away and tried to harness Solleks again．Solleks was unhappy too．He was frightened of Buck，and when Francois turned his back，Buck took Solleks’ place again．Now Francois was angry．‘I'll show you！’ he cried，and went to get a heavy club from the sledge．Buck remembered the man in the red coat，and moved away．This time，when Solleks was harnessed as lead-dog，Buck did not try to move in．He kept a few metres away and circled around Francois carefully．But when Francois called him to his old place in front of Dave，Buck refused．He had won his fight with Spitz and he wanted to be lead－dog．For an hour the two men tried to harness him．Buck did not run away，but he did not let them catch him．Finally，Francois sat down，and Perrault looked at his watch．It was getting late．The two men looked at one another and smiled Francois walked up to Sol-leks，took off his harness，led him back and harnessed him in his old place．Then he called Buck．All the other dogs were harnessed and the only empty place was now the one at the front But Buck did not move．‘Put down the club，’ said Perrault．Francois dropped the club，and immediately Buck came up to the front of the team．Francois harnessed him ，and in a minute the sledge was moving．Buck was an excellent leader．He moved and thought quickly and led the other dogs well．A new leader made no difference to Dave and Solleks；they continued to pull hard ．But the other dogs had had an easy life when Spitz was leading．They were surprised when Buck made them work hard and punished them for their mistakes Pike，the second dog，was usually lazy；but by the end of the first day he was pulling harder than he had ever pulled in his life．The first night in camp Buck fought Joe，another difficult dog，and after that there were no more problems with him．The team started to pull together，and to move faster and faster．‘I've never seen a dog like Buck！’cried Francois，‘Never！He's worth a thousand dollars ．What do you think，Perrault？’Perrault agreed．They were moving quickly，and covering more ground every day The snow was good and hard，and no new snow fell．The temperature dropped to 45° below zero，and didn't change．This time there was more ice on the Thirty Mile River，and they crossed in a day．Some days they ran a hundred kilometres，or even more They reached Skagway in fourteen days；the fastest time ever．For three days the dogs rested in Skagway．Then Francois put his arms around Buck's neck and said goodbye to him．And that was the last of Francois and Perrault．Like other men，they passed out of Buck's life for ever．Two new men took Buck and his team back north on the long journey to Dawson，travelling with several other dog－teams．It was heavy work；the sledge was loaded with letters for the gold miners of Dawson．Buck did not like it，but he worked hard，and made the other dogs work hard，too．Each day was the same．They started early，before it was light，and at night they stopped and camped and the dogs ate．For the dogs this was the best part of the day，first eating，then resting by the fire．Buck liked to lie by the fire，looking at the burning wood．Sometimes he thought about Mr. Miller's house in California．More of ten he remembered the man in the red coat and his club，the death of Curly，the fight with Spitz，and the good things that he had eaten But sometimes he remembered other things These were things that he remembered through his parents，and his parents parents，and all the dogs which had lived before him．Sometimes as he lay there，he seemed to see，in a waking dream，a differentfire．And he saw next to him，not the Indian cook，but another man，a man with shorter legs，and longer arms．This man had long hair and deep eyes，and made strange noises in his throat He was very frightened of the dark，and looked around him all the time，holding a heavy stone in his hand ．He wore the skin of an animal on his back，and Buck could see thick hair all over his body．Buck sat by the fire with this hairy man，and in the circling darkness beyond the fire he could see many eyes—the eyes of hungry animals waiting to attack．And he growled softly in his dream until the Indian cook shouted，‘Hey，Buck，wake up！’Then the strange world disappeared and Buck's eyes saw the real fire again．When they reached Dawson，the dogs were tired，and needed a week's rest But in two days they were moving south again，with another heavy load of letters．Both dogs and men were unhappy．It snowed every day as well，and on soft new snow it was harder work pulling the sledges．The men took good care of their dogs．In the evenings，the dogs ate first，the men second，and they always checked the dogs’ feet before they slept．But every day the dogs became weaker．Buck had pulled sledges for three thousand kilometres that winter，and he was as tired as the others．But Dave was not only tired；he was ill．Every evening he lay down the minute after the sledge stopped，and did not stand up until morning．The men looked at him，but they could find no broken bones．Something was wrong inside．One day he started to fall down while in his harness．The sledge stopped，and the driver took him out of his harness．He wanted to give him a rest，and let him run free behind the sledge．But Dave did not want to stop working．He hated to see another dog doing his work，so he ran along beside the sledge，trying to pushSol-leks out of his place．When the sledge made its next stop，Dave bit through Sol-leks’ harness and pushed him away．Then he stood there，in his old place in front of the sledge，waiting for his harness and the order to start pulling．The driver decided it was kinder to let him work．Dave pulled all day，but the next morning he was too weak to move．The driver harnessed up without Dave，and drove a few hundred metres．Then he stopped，took his gun，and walked back．The dogs heard a shot，and then the man came quickly back．The sledge started to move again；but Buck knew，and every dog knew，what had happened．5 More hard work。
综合教程 1 Unit5the call of the wild 翻译
utes there was a hole big enough for Buck to get out ． ‘ Now ， come here ， r ed eyes ，’ said the fat man ， dropping his axe and taking the club in his right hand． 当那个胖子用斧头劈开木箱时巴克在边缘处跳着，咆哮着、撕咬着，用牙齿扯着 碎木片。一会儿，就有一个洞，大到足可以让巴克钻出来。“现在，过来，你这急红 了眼的。”那胖子说着扔下斧头，右手抄起木棍。 Buck jumped at the man ， sixty kilos of anger ， his mouth wide open ready t o bite the man’s neck ． Just before his teeth touched the skin ， the man hit him with the club ． Buck fell to the ground ． It was the first time anyone had hit him with a club and he did not understand ． He stood up ， and jumped again ． Agai n the club hit him and he crashed to the ground ．Ten times he jumped at the ma n， and ten times the club hit him ． Slowly he got to his feet ， now only just abl e to stand ．There was blood on his nose and mouth and ears ． Then the fat ma n walked up and hit him again ， very hard ， on the nose ．The pain was terrible ． Again ， Buck jumped at the man and again he was hit to the ground ．A last t ime he jumped ， and this time ， when the man knocked him down ， Buck did n ot move ． 巴克60公斤的愤怒之躯扑向那人，他大张着嘴准备一口咬住那人的脖子。就在他 的牙齿刚刚碰到皮肤的时候，那人用棍子给了他一下，巴克摔倒在地。这还是头一次 有人用棍子打他，他不知所措。他站起来，再次猛扑过去，木棍再次击中了他使他瘫 倒在地。他扑了10次，木棍就打他10次。他慢慢地站起来，现在他仅能勉强站住。 鲜血从他的口鼻和耳朵中涌出来。然后那人走上前又打了他，狠狠地击中了他的鼻子 。剧痛袭来，巴克再一次扑向那人，但他又被打倒在地。最后一次他扑上去，而这一 次，当那人把他打倒时，巴克再也没有动弹一下。 ‘He knows how to teach a dog a lesson ，’ said one of the men on the wall ． Then the four men jumped down and went back to the station ． “他可知道如何把狗制得服服帖帖的，”墙上的一个人说。然后这4个人跳下来 ，回车站去了。 ‘His name is Buck ，’said the fat man to himself ， reading the letter that ha d come with the box ．‘Well， Buck ， my by ，’he said in a friendly voice ，‘ we’ve argued a little ， and I think the best thing to do now is to stop ． Be a goo d dog and we’ll be friends ． But if you’re a bad dog ， I’ll have to use my club ag ain．Understand？’ “他的名字叫巴克。”那胖子自言自语道，读着写在木箱上的字母。“咳，巴克 ，我的孩子，”他用友好的语气说道。“我们有个小小的争斗，现在我想我们最好停 战。做一只好狗，我们会成为朋友的。但是你若使坏，我就不得不用棍子对付你了， 明白吗？” As he spoke ， he touched Buck ’ s head ， and although Buck was angry ins ide， he did not move ． When the man brought him water and meat ， Buck dra nk and then ate the meat ， piece by piece ， from the man’s hand ． 他一边说，一边抚摸着巴克的头。虽然巴克愤恨难平，他却没有再反抗。当那人 给他拿来水和肉时，巴克喝了水，又从那人的手上一片又一片地吃着肉。 Buck was beaten （he knew that ） but he was not broken ． He had learnt tha t a man with a club was stronger than him ．Every day he saw more dogs arrive ， and each dog was beaten by the fat man ． Buck understood that a man with a club must be obeyed ， although he did not have to be a friend ． 巴克挨了打（他现在知道怎么回事了），但他并未就此垮掉。他知道那个拿棍子
大学专业英语读书报告The call of the wild
The call of the wildThe Call of the Wild is one of my favorite novels. The writer of it is Jack London was born in12 January 1876 and died in 22 November 1916.He was an American author who wrote The Call of the Wild and other books. A pioneer in the then-burgeoning world of commercial magazine fiction, he was one of the first Americans to make a lucrative career exclusively from writing.Buck. The main character .buck was born a distinctive dog, who had inherited strength from his father and wisdom from his mother. What’s more, he was born in a notable family. Thus he was brought well without much hardship.But the news that people have found gold in the Arctic zone made dogs a very precious transportation tool. Unfortunately, buck was sold by a greedy servant. Thus began his long journey as a transportation dog. First, he was very furious with the people who got close to him. But one day, a man who was very skillful at training dogs, beat Buck so hard that Buck learnt the lesson of Law of Club and Fang.Form then on, he was submissive to anyone who held a club. Then he was traded to two men who went to the Arctic zone to search fortune. It was in the groups of dogs that he met the leader dog, Spitz. As we have said before, Buck was a dog that was very different. He had the instinct to be the leader. But the situation wasn’t that optimistic. However he waited and waited for the best chance. And at last, it did come. It was in the race of chasing a rabbit that Buck defeated Spitz and Spitz was eaten by the hungry group of dog. Then Buck established his leadership. After the group of dogs got to the Arctic zone, they began another long and tired journey. They had to deliver letters from workers in the Arctic zone to their family members. The journey was full of hardship. They lacked of food, at the same time they had to travel a long way every day as scheduled. What’s worse, the two men who were in charge of the groups of dogs beat Buck really hard.One day, the two owners beat Buck so hard that he was going to die. Just then, a man named John Thornton came out to stop the “slaughter”. Buck was saved and he established a firm friendship with John Thornton. Buck helped John won a gamble and saved his life once. But what made Buck really outstanding was his revenge for his master. One day aborigines slaughtered his master and the other people. Because of Buck’s deep love for his master, he lost his control and bitten the aborigines and drove them away. In the end, he became the leader of a group of wolves in the valley where he was knownas Ghost Dog and where the aborigines could never take the risk to step into the valleyWhat is “the wild” in The Call of the Wild? In my opinion, “the wild” means a real dog that has not been tamed by humans, a dog that wants to go back to nature without any sign of humans, or we can say a dog that wants to be a wolf, as we all know wolves are the ancestors of dogs. On the other hand, “the wild” also means the wild nature. So we can say that “The Call of the Wild” also mea ns “The Call of the Nature”. Why does Buck want to go back to nature? Buck was born in a notable family, and lived a comfortable and happy life. But when he was sold out and had the chance to get close to nature, he got wilder and wilder. In the end, he revenged his master, drove out the aborigine and lived alone with his gang of wolves without any human. His going back to nature is a perfect explanation for his extreme disappointment to human civilization for he was badly treated by humans, even though his last master was very friendly to him.My opinion, Jack London’s arrangement for Buck’s fate was somewhat affected by the ideas of atavism. Survival of the fittest Previously Buck was a very notable and gracious dog. But when he was sold out he learnt to steal other dogs’ food for the first time because there was not enough food. If he didn’t steal, he mightn’t survive. Loyalty Though Buck’s master changed for several times, he alwaysShowed respect to his masters. Especially when his last master was in danger, he even risked his own life to save his master. Praise for hard-working though the condition was extremely tough, Buck led his group of dog to the Arecas we know, Buck answers the call of and returns to the wild finally. In my opinion, the call is not from the wild though Buck often hears the howl of the wolves. Instead, it is from the bottom of Buck’s heart. The call is the will or the instinct which makes him wants to be him: A wolf. I think every one of us has a call in our hearts. The call is our dream, goal or something we really want to do. However, under the pressure of society, we often have to give up our dreams or goals, and do things we are unwilling to do. So we should learn something from Buck: Just follow the call, and be yourself! Tic zone successful Although Buck is a dog, but his tough way of life and his attitude to the life can absolutely reflect the real world of the author’s age. What’s more, the connotation the story wants to tell us is the inevitable result of the development of capitalism. It teaches us if we want to survive we must perfect ourselves now and then and we should know the real meaning of the theory “the survival of the fittest”. Simultaneously the author suggests that in the competitivesociety and the austere natural environment only the person who is of enormous perseverance and strength can have the possibility of survival. In the story, the relationship between human and dog changes along with the attitude that human treats the dog. But unfortunately, Buck never receives equal love and respect from human being. Actually, the author also wants to appeal for the humanity and sympathy for animals as wellThe dogs in the book are all loyal to their masters. For example, a man makes a wager with Thornton over Buck's strength and devotion. Buck wins the bet by breaking a half-ton sled out of the frozen ground, then pulling it 100 yards by himself. In addition, all dogs have sense of honor. They are all proud of being sled dogs, and devote themselves to the work. For example, Dave, who is going to die, still insists on working. “Sick as he was, Dave resented being taken out, grunting and growling while the traces were unfastened and whimpering broken-heartedly when he saw Sol-leeks (another dog) in the position he had held and served so long. For the pride of trace and trail was his, and, sick to death, he could not bear that another dog should do his work.” Both loyalty and honor are based on love which is what touches me deeply. Because of love to Thornton, Buck does such thing that seems impossible to accomplish. Because of sense of honor, Dave insists on working till he diesAs we know, Buck answers the call of and returns to the wild finally. In my opinion, the call is not from the wild though Buck often hears the howl of the wolves. Instead, it is from the bottom of Buck’s heart. The call is the will or the instinct which makes him want to be himself: A wolf. I think every one of us has a call in our hearts. The call is our dream, goal or something we really want to do. However, under the pressure of society, we often have to give up our dreams or goals, and do things we are unwilling to do. So we should learn something from Buck: Just follow the call, and be yourself!Through Buck’s experience s living in the wild, Jack London wants to tell us that the world is dominated by those who are much stronger and more powerful than common people, and only the stronger ones could exist. This is the law of the club and fang. Buck gradually realizes the law and begins to obey the law after he is stolen and taken to the wild. The savage environment which is full of tricks, dangers and deaths turns him to be more powerful and cunning. Finally, he becomes the leader of his team. Similar to the wild, our society becomes crueler and crueler, and living in the society becomes harder and harder. If you want to exist, to have a good life, you should be tough enough to stand the sufferings; you should keep alert, watch and learn; you should make yourself stronger than others. This is the law of living.。
(完整版)野性的呼唤(英文版)
The Call of the Wild: Background
The gold prospectors, known as “Klondikers,” faced harsh conditions: • temperatures 40 degrees below zero • starvation and
The Call of the Wild
Born: January 12, 1876 San Francisco, California United States Died: November 22, 1916 (aged 40) Glen Ellen, California United States Occupation :Novelist, journalist, short story writer and essayist
River
the United States
The CallIn August 1896, gold was discovered in Rabbit Creek in the Yukon Territory of western Canada.
The Call of the Wild: Background
Jack London
A realistic writer
Life Experiences
Writing Style
Major Works
Life Experiences
1890
child laborer in a cannery (at 14)
the call of the wild
While the men search for gold, Buck ranges far afield, befriending wolves and hunting bears and moose. He always returns to Thornton in the end, until, one day, he comes back to camp to find that Yeehat Indians have attacked and killed his master. Buck attacks the Indians, killing several and scattering the rest, and then heads off into the wild, where he becomes the leader of a pack of wolves. He becomes a legendary figure, a Ghost Dog, fathering countless cubs and inspiring fear in the Yeehats—but every year he returns to the place where Thornton died, to mourn his master before returning to his life in the wild.
The Call of the Wild
---Jack London
Epigraph
•。
Old longings nomadic leap, Chafing at custom’s chain; Again from its brumal sleep， Wakens the ferine strain.
野性的呼唤(故事讲解)
野性的呼唤
Jack London
[美]杰克.伦敦
生命总是在不断挣扎求存的过程中获得意义与力量。
作者简介
• 杰克· 伦敦（Jack London，1876年1月12日--1916年 11月22日） • 原名为约翰· 格利菲斯· 伦敦（John Griffith London）， 美国著名的现实主义作家，作品多讲述美国下层人 民的生活故事，揭露资本主义社会的罪恶。他的作 品大都带有浓厚的社会主义和个人主义色彩。他的 一生著述颇丰，16年中留下了19部长篇小说、150 多篇短篇小说以及大量文学报告集，还写了3个剧 本以及相当多的随笔和论文。最著名的有《马丁伊 登》、《野性的呼唤》、《白牙》、《热爱生命》、 《海狼》、《铁蹄》等小说。是最受中国读者欢迎 的外国作家之一。
新的主人
• 当残暴的主人哈尔将巴克打得遗体鳞、 奄奄一息时，约翰· 桑顿的解救让巴克感受 到温暖，最后，巴克与约翰.桑顿结下了难 舍难分的深情厚谊。虽然巴克仍能听到它 一路上多次聆听到的，非常向往的那种野 性的呼唤，但它并决定誓死效忠恩主。
桑顿之死，巴克回应呼唤
• 在淘金的过程中，桑顿死在了印第安人的 手里。巴克一怒咬断了很多印第安人的喉 咙，为桑顿报了仇。主人已死，巴克对人 类社会终于无所留恋，也无所牵挂。于是， 他追随着长久以来他所深深渴望的那神秘 的野性的呼唤进入了森林，他从心底热烈 回应着它，从此与狼共舞，过起了原始动 物的生活……
• 主人公：一条名叫巴克的狗。
• 故事梗概：整个故事以阿拉斯加淘金为背 景，讲述了在北方险恶的环境下，一条驯 化的南方狗巴克为了生存，如何退化到似 狗非狗，似狼非狼的野蛮状态的过程。
命运转变的开始
• 巴克本是一条的重达140磅的宠物狗，它被 贪心的仆人从南方主人家偷出来卖掉，几 经周折后开始踏上淘金的道路，成为一条 拉雪橇的苦役犬。
英语泛读教程(一)Unit 7
But this was 1897, and Buck did not know that men and dogs were hurrying to north-west Canada to look for gold. And he did not know that Manuel, one of Mr. Miller's gardeners, needed money for his large family. One day, when Mr. Miller was out, Manuel and Buck left the garden together. It was just an evening walk, Buck thought. No one saw them go, and only one man saw them arrive at the railway station. This man talked to Manuel, and gave him some money. Then he tied a piece of rope around Buck's neck.
The Call of the Wild
•Although it is a short story about a dog, Buck, it vividly depicts the life in the primitive North where people rushed for gold and fortune. •Buck, used to belong to a judge, was kidnapped and sold to North. Then he became a member of a dogteam pulling a sled (雪橇). In the days of pulling a snow-sled, he learned to conform to the law of nature and obey the master. Finally, he found a basic instinct hidden inside him, which enabled himself to survive the tough environment. This is the call of the wild.
野性的呼唤导读
高中英文文学名著导读《野性的呼唤》（the call of the wild）一、关于作者（About the author）杰克·伦敦(Jack London,1876~1916)，美国著名的现实主义作家。
他一生著作颇丰，留有19部长篇小说、150多篇短篇小说三个剧本以及大量的文学报告集、随笔和论文。
其中最著名的代表作有《野性的呼唤》(The Callof the Wild)、《马丁·伊登》(Martin Eden)、《白牙》(White Fang)、《铁蹄》(The Iron Heel)、《海狼》(The Sea Wolf)等小说。
他的作品多以描述美国下层人民的生活，揭露资本主义社会的罪恶为主，常带有浓厚的社会主义和个人主义色彩。
杰克·伦敦笔下的人物常被置于极端严酷、生死攸关的环境中,以此来揭示最真实、最深刻的人性。
他的作品充满了对达尔文的“适者生存”的自然法则以及斯宾塞的社会达尔文主义的推崇,认为只有适应社会,做生活的强者才能生存。
杰克·伦敦幼年贫困，饱尝人间各种辛酸。
11岁就开始做童工,卖过报纸,当过水手,做过蚝贼,生活饥寒交迫。
1896年,21岁的杰克·伦敦踏上了淘金之旅,来到了天寒地冻的北极。
尽管因为患上败血症导致淘金梦破灭,但他却收获了丰富的创作素材。
在这一段时间里,他勾勒了很多小说的轮廓,其中便有《野性的呼唤》。
他曾计划自驾帆船环球旅行,但最终因船只搁浅而梦想破灭。
杰克·伦敦不安于过平静安逸的生活,曾经两次出任战地记者。
成名之后的杰克·伦敦陷入了金钱的泥沼和精神的空虚。
1916年11月21日晚,杰克·伦敦在他的豪华牧场里服用过量吗啡自杀,结束了他40岁的生命。
这一结局不仅是生命的终结,也是对人生路在何方的发问。
二、关于作品（About the work）（一）小说梗概（Plot summary）在阳光普照，温暖如春的南方，大法官米勒的庄园里生活着一群快乐悠闲地宠物狗，其中有一只身形硕大，时时彰显王者风范的混血狗，它叫巴克，它和大法官一家生活的其乐融融，然而有一天在一次看似平常的散步中，巴克被它一向信任的园丁偷卖到了条件恶劣的北方，自此，它的生活发生了转折，踏上了淘金的道路，成为一条拉雪橇的苦役犬。
英语原著 野性的呼唤 The Call of the Wild
英语原著野性的呼唤The Call of the Wild
巴克原是米勒法官家的一只爱犬，经过了文明的教化，一直生活在美国南部加州一个温暖的山谷里。
后被卖到美国北部寒冷偏远、盛产黄金的阿拉斯加，成了一只拉雪橇的狗。
它目睹了人与人、狗与狗、强者与弱者之间冷酷无情和生死争斗，于是为了生存，它学会了只求活命、不顾道义的处世原则，变得凶悍、机智而狡诈。
最后，在森林中狼群的呼唤下，巴克狼性复萌，逃入丛林，重归荒野。
在小说中，杰克·伦敦运用拟人手法，把狗眼中的世界及人类的本质刻画地淋漓尽致，反映了资本主义社会冷酷的现实和“优胜劣汰，适者生存”的客观现实。
巴克渴望并奔向了自由，这也正是作家的追求和理想的体现。
这就是美国近现代著名的现实主义作家——杰克·伦敦（1876—1916）写的杰出的长篇小说《野性的呼唤》的故事。
杰克·伦敦（1876——1916）美国作家。
他一生经历丰富、坎坷，对资本主义社会的黑暗和下层人民生活有深刻的认识，是一位多产而杰出的作家，他的作品揭露性强，又一股不可制服的虎虎生气，而且具有鲜明的民族色彩。
《野性的呼唤》是他的第一部畅销书，也是他动物小说中最为出色的名篇之一。
这部小说进一步发展了作者在他创作的系列《北方的故事》中所表现出来的激烈、清新、粗犷有力的性格，将充满冒险和野性的淘金生活以及在这种特殊环境中挣扎的狗的世界表现得淋漓尽致。
其重要作品有《野性的呼唤》、《白牙》、《海狼》、《马丁·伊登》等。
the call of the wild
The Call of the Wild4 The new lead-dog“Well, what did I say? Buck is a real fighter, all right,” said Francois the next morning when he discovered that Spitz had disappeared and that Buck was covered in blood.“Spitz fought like a wolf,” said Perrault, as he looked at the bites all over Buck.“And Buck fought like ten wolves,” answered Francois. “And we'll travel faster now. No more Spitz, no more trouble. ”Francois started to harness the dogs. He needed a new lead－dog, and decided that Solleks was the best dog that he had. But Buck jumped at Solleks and took his place.“Look at Buck！” said Francois, laughing. “He's killed Spitz, and now he wants to be lead-dog. Go away, Buck！’He pulled Buck away and tried to harness Solleks again. Solleks was unhappy too. He was frightened of Buck,and when Francois turned his back,Buck took Sol leks’ place again. Now Francois was angry.“I'll show you!” he cried, and went to get a heavy club from the sledge.Buck remembered the man in the red coat,and moved away. This time,when Solleks was harnessed as lead-dog, Buck did not try to move in. He kept a few metres away and circled around Francois carefully. But when Francois called him to his old place in front of Dave, Buck refused. He had won his fight with Spitz and he wanted to be lead-dog.For an hour the two men tried to harness him. Buck did not run away, but he did not let them catch him. Finally, Francois sat down, and Perrault looked at his watch. It was getting late. The two men looked at one another and smiled Francois walked up to Solleks, took off his harness, led him back and harnessed him in his old place. Then he called Buck. All the other dogs were harnessed and the only empty place was now the one at the front But Buck did not move.“Put down the club,” said Perrault.Francois dropped the club, and immediately Buck came up to the front of the team. Francois harnessed him, and in a minute the sledge was moving.Buck was an excellent leader. He moved and thought quickly and led the other dogs well. A new leader made no difference to Dave and Solleks；they continued to pull hard . But the other dogs had had an easy life when Spitz was leading. They were surprised when Buck made them work hard and punished them for their mistakes Pike, the second dog, was usually lazy；but by the end of the first day he was pulling harder than he had ever pulled in his life. The first night in camp Buck fought Joe, another difficult dog, and after that there were no more problems with him. The team started to pull together, and to move faster and faster.“I've never seen a dog like Buck！”cried Francois, “Never！He’s worth a thousand dollars. What do you think, Perrault?’Perrault agreed. They were moving quickly, and covering more ground every day. The snow was good and hard, and no new snow fell. The temperature dropped to 45° below zero, and didn't change.This time there was more ice on the Thirty Mile River, and they crossed in a day. Some days they ran a hundred kilometres, or even more They reached Skagway in fourteen days；the fastest time ever.For three days the dogs rested in Skagway. Then Francois put his arms around Buck's neck and said goodbye to him. And that was the last of Francois and Perrault. Like other men, they passed out of Buck's life for ever.Two new men took Buck and his team back north on the long journey to Dawson, travelling with several other dog-teams. It was heavy work; the sledge was loaded with letters for the gold miners of Dawson. Buck did not like it, but he worked hard, and made the other dogs work hard, too. Each day was the same. They started early, before it was light, and at night they stopped and camped and the dogs ate. For the dogs this was the best part of the day, first eating, then resting by the fire.Buck liked to lie by the fire,looking at the burning wood. Sometimes he thought about Mr Miller's house in California. More often he remembered the man in the red coat and his club, the death of Curly,the fight with Spitz,and the good things that he had eaten. But sometimes he remembered other things. These were things that he remembered through his parents,and his parents, and all the dogs which had lived before him.Sometimes as he lay there, he seemed to see, in a waking dream, a different fire. And he saw next to him, not the Indian cook, but another man, a man with shorter legs, and longer arms. This man had long hair and deep eyes, and made strange noises in his throat. He was very frightened of the dark, and looked around him all the time, holding a heavy stone in his hand. He wore the skin of an animal on his back, and Buck could see thick hair all over his body.Buck sat by the fire with this hairy man, and in the circling darkness beyond the fire he could see many eyes — the eyes of hungry animals waiting to attack. And he growled softly in his dream until the Indian cook shouted, “Hey,Buck,wake up!”Then the strange world disappeared and Buck's eyes saw the real fire again.When they reached Dawson, the dogs were tired, and needed a week's rest. But in two days they were moving south again, with another heavy load of letters. Both dogs and men were unhappy. It snowed every day as well, and on soft new snow it was harder work pulling the sledges.The men took good care of their dogs. In the evenings, the dogs ate first, the men second, and they always checked the dogs’ feet before they slept. But every day the dogs became weaker. Buck had pulled sledges for three thousand kilometres that winter, and he was as tired as the others.But Dave was not only tired; he was ill. Every evening he lay down the minute after the sledge stopped, and did not stand up until morning. The men looked at him, but they could find no broken bones. Something was wrong inside.One day he started to fall down while in his harness. The sledge stopped, and the driver took him out of his harness. He wanted to give him a rest, and let him run free behind the sledge. But Dave did not want to stop working. He hated to see another dog doing his work, so he ran along beside the sledge, trying to push Solleks out of his place. When the sledge made its next stop, Dave bit through Solleks’ harness and pushed him away. Then he stood there,in his old place in front of the sledge, waiting for his harness and the order to start pulling.The driver decided it was kinder to let him work. Dave pulled all day, but the next morning he was too weak to move. The driver harnessed up without Dave, and drove a few hundred metres. Then he stopped, took his gun, and walked back. The dogs heard a shot, and then the man came quickly back. The sledge started to move again；but Buck knew, and every dog knew, what had happened.5 More hard workThirty days after leaving Dawson City, the team arrived back in Skagway. They were very, very tired Buck now weighed only fifty kilograms, and the other dogs were also very thin.They were not ill；they just needed a long, long rest. But at Skagway there were mountains of letters waiting to go north, so the men had to buy new, strong dogs The old ones, now useless for work, were sold.Two American men,called Hal and Charles,bought Buck and his team,together with the harness. Charles was forty years old, with light hair and watery blue eyes. Hal was a young man of twenty with a big shiny gun and a big knife in his belt. These things, more than anything, showed how young he was. Both men were clearly new to the north, and its hard and dangerous life.They took the dogs back to their untidy camp,where a woman was waiting. This was Mercedes—Charles's wife and Hal's sister.Buck watched the men take down the tent and load all their luggage on the sledge. They didn't know how to do it sensibly, and every time they put something on the sledge, Mercedes moved it. Often they had to take things off the sledge and start again.Three men came up and watched, laughing“You've got a heavy load on that sledge,” said one of them “Why don't you leave the tent here in Skagway?’“How could we live without a tent?” asked Mercedes, throwing up her hands in the air.“It's spring now. You won't have any more cold weather. ”“I must have a tent,” she answered, and helped Charles and Hal with the last few boxes.“Do you think that load will stay on?” asked another man.“Why shouldn't it?” asked Charles.“Well, it's a bit heavy on top. Do you think your dogs will be able to pull that?’“Of course they will,” said Hal. The sledge was now ready to go. “Come on, dogs, pull!” he shouted.The dogs pulled as hard as they could, but the sledge did not move.“The lazy animals! ” shouted Hal, picking up his whip.But Mercedes stopped him “Oh, Hal, you mustn't,” she cried, pulling the whip away from him. “The poor dogs. You must promise to be nice to them or I'm staying here!”“You know nothing about dogs,” answered Hal. “Leave me alone. Dogs are lazy, and you have to whip them. Everybody knows that. Ask those men if you don't believe me. ”Mercedes turned and looked at the watching men.“They’ re tired, if you really want to know,” said one of them “They’ve been working veryhard and they need a rest.”“Rest?” laughed Hal. “These stupid dogs are just lazy. ”Now Mercedes decided that her brother was right. “Don't listen to that man,” she said “You're driving our dogs and you do what you think is best.”Now Hal used his whip on the dogs. They pulled and pulled, but the sledge stayed where it was. Hal was still using his whip when Mercedes stopped him again and put her arms around Buck.“You poor, poor dears,” she said. “Why don't you pull hard?—then nobody will whip you.”One of the men watching now spoke again. “I don't care what happens to you,” he said, “but I'm sorry for the dogs. The sledge is frozen to the snow, and you'll have to break it out. Push it from one side to the other to break the ice. ”Hal tried again, but this time he broke the ice under the sledge. The heavy sledge started to move slowly, Buck and his team pulling hard under the whip. After a hundred metres they had to turn into another street. It was a difficult turn with a top-heavy load, and Hal was not a good driver. As they turned, the sledge went over onto its side, throwing boxes and packets into the street. The dogs didn't stop. The sledge was not so heavy now and they pulled it easily on its side. The whip had made them angry and they started to run. Hal cried “Stop!”but the dogs continued through Skagway, and the rest of the luggage fell off as they ran.People helped to catch the dogs and to pick up all the things from the street. They also told the men that if they wanted to reach Dawson, they needed twice as many dogs and half as much luggage. Hal and Charles went back to the camp and started to look at the luggage and throw things away. Tent, blankets and plates were taken out. Mercedes cried when most of her clothes went. When they had finished, Mercedes was still crying, there was a lot of luggage on the road, and there was still a lot to go on the sledge.Then Charles and Hal went out and bought six more dogs, so they now had fourteen. But the new dogs were not real sledge－dogs and they knew nothing about the work. Charles and Hal put them into harness, but Buck could not teach them how to pull a sledge. So now there were six dogs who couldn't pull at all, and eight who were tired after pulling for four thousand kilometres. But Charles and Hal were happy. They had more dogs than any sledge that they had seen at Skagway. They didn’ t know that no sledge could carry enough food for fourteen dogs.The next morning Buck led the team up the street. They moved slowly, because they were tired before they started. Buck had pulled to Dawson and back twice, and he didn't want to do it again. He had watched Hal and Charles and Mercedes and he saw that they didn't know how to do any thing. And, as the days passed, he saw that they could not learn. It took them half the evening to get everything ready for the night; and it took them half the morning to get ready to leave. And when they did start, they often had to stop because something had fallen off the sledge. On some days they travelled twenty kilometres and on some days only ten.They didn't have enough dog food when they started, and they used what they had much too quickly. Hal gave the dogs extra food because he wanted them to pull harder. Mercedes gave them extra food because she was sorry for them. But it was not food that they wanted, but rest.Soon Hal saw that they had travelled only a quarter of the way to Dawson, but had eaten half their food. He had to give the dogs less food.It was easy to give them less food,but it wasimpossible to make them travel faster.Dub had pulled hard and well all the way from Skagway, but he had hurt his leg. It got worse and worse until finally Hal had to shoot him. The six new dogs, now weak and ill from hunger and hard work, died next.Hal, Charles, and Mercedes had started the journey happily；but now they were tired, cross and miserable. Charles and Hal argued about everything,because each thought that he was working harder than the other. And Mercedes was unhappy because she thought that she shouldn't have to work. She was tired, so she rode on the sledge, making the work even harder for the dogs. She rode for days, until the dogs could not move the sledge. The men asked her to walk, but she would not leave the sledge. One day they lifted her off. She sat in the snow and did not move. They went off with the sledge and travelled five kilometres. Then they turned, went back, and lifted her on again.Buck and the other dogs were now just skin and bone. They pulled when they could, and when they couldn't they lay down in the snow. When they were whipped, they stood up and tried to pull again.One day Billee fell and could not stand up. Hal killed him and threw him into the snow. Buck and the other dogs knew that soon they were going to die, too. On the next day Koona died, and there were only five dogs left: Joe, Pike, Solleks the one－eyed, Teek, and Buck.It was beautiful spring weather. The snow and ice were melting, the plants were growing, and the forest animals were waking from their winter sleep. It was a lovely morning when the two men, and the five dogs pulling Mercedes on the sledge, came into John Thornton's camp at White River. They stopped, and the dogs dropped down immediately to rest.John Thornton was mending an axe, and he went on working as he talked to Hal.“Is it safe to cross the river here?” asked Hal.“No, the ice is too thin. It's much too dangerous,”answered Thornton.“People have told us that before,” laughed Hal, “but we got here with no problems.”“Only somebody very stupid would cross the White River here,” said Thornton.“That's what you think,” said Hal. “But we've got to get to Dawson.” He picked up his whip. “Come on, Buck！Get up now！Let's go！”Thornton went on working. He had warned them, but he knew he couldn't stop these stupid men from going on.But Buck didn't get up. Solleks stood up slowly, then Teek and Joe, and finally Pike. But Buck stayed where he was. The whip came down on him again and again. Thornton started to speak, then stopped, and began to walk up and down.Hal now put down his whip and started to hit Buck with a club. But Buck had decided not to get up. He had felt thin ice under his feet all day and he saw thin ice in front of him. The club hit him again and again, but Buck felt almost nothing.Then suddenly,with a wild cry, John Thornton jumped on Hal, throwing him backwards. Mercedes screamed.“If you hit that dog again, I’11 kill you,” Thornton shouted.“He's my dog,” Hal replied. There was blood on his face. “Get out of my way, or I’ll hit you, too. I'm going to Dawson. ”Thornton stood between Hal and Buck and did not move. Hal took out his long knife, but Thornton knocked it out of his hand. Mercedes screamed again. Then Thornton picked up Hal's knife and cut Buck out of the harness.Hal didn't want to fight, and Buck was not worth fighting for；he was nearly dead. Hal started the sledge and went down towards the river. Buck lifted his head and watched the sledge move away. Pike was leading, and Joe, Teek and Solleks were behind him. Hal was walking in front of the sledge and Mercedes was riding on it；Charles was walking behind.As Buck watched, Thornton felt his body with gentle hands, searching for broken bones. Buck was very thin, very tired and very weak, but Thornton didn't think he was going to die. Then both dog and man watched the sledge as it went slowly out on to the ice in the middle of the river. Suddenly the back of the sledge went down and the front went up into the air. Mercedes screamed, and Charles turned and took one step back. Then a big piece of ice broke off, and dogs, sledge and people disappeared; there was only a big hole in the ice.John Thornton and Buck looked at one another.“You poor thing,” said John Thornton, and Buck licked his hand.7 The call of the wildIn five minutes Buck had made fourteen hundred dollars for Thornton and his friends. The money made it possible for them to travel east, where they wanted to look for a lost gold mine. Men said that this mine had more gold than any other mine in the north. Many had looked for it, and some had died looking for it. The only men who knew where it was were now dead.Thornton, Pete and Hans, with Buck and six other dogs, started off to the east in the spring. They travelled up the Stewart River and crossed the Mackenzie Mountains. They did not move quickly；the weather was good, and the men shot animals for food when they needed it. Sometimes they travelled for a week, and sometimes they stopped for a week and searched for gold in the ground. Sometimes they were hungry, and sometimes they had lots of food. They spent all the summer in the mountains, carrying everything they needed on their backs, sometimes making boats to go down rivers or across lakes.In the autumn they came to a strange, flat country, with many lakes. They travelled on through the winter and met nobody, but once they found an old wooden house, with an old gun in it.When the spring came, they found, not the lost mine, but a lake in a wide valley. Through the shallow water the gold showed like yellow butter,and here their search ended. There was gold worth thousands of dollars in the lake, and they worked every day, filling bag after bag with gold.The dogs had nothing to do except watch the men and eat the food which the men shot for them. Buck spent many evenings sitting by the fire.As he sat, he saw again his dream world, where the strange hairy man sat next to him. He also heard something calling him into the forest. Sometimes, in the middle of the day, he lifted his head and listened, and then ran off into the forest.One night he woke up and heard the call again, a long howl. He ran into the forest, following the sound, and came to an open place in the trees. And there, his nose pointing to the sky, sat a wolf.The wolf stopped howling and Buck walked slowly towards him. The wolf ran,and Buckfollowed. After a time, the wolf stopped and waited, watching Buck, ready to attack. But Buck did not want to fight, and soon the wolf realized this, and the two animals became friendly. Then the wolf started to run again, and he clearly wanted Buck to follow him. They ran for hours through the forest, and Buck remembered again his dream world where he, and others like him, had run through a much older forest.Then they stopped to drink, and Buck remembered John Thornton. He turned and started to run back. The wolf followed him, then stopped and howled, but Buck ran on and did not turn.Thornton was eating dinner when Buck returned. Buck jumped all over him, and for two days never left his side. He followed him everywhere, watching him while he ate and while he slept. But after two days the call of the wild came again, and he remembered the forest and the wolf who had run beside him.He started to sleep out in the forest at night, sometimes staying out for three or four days. Once he was away for a week, fishing and killing animals for food. He ate well, and he grew stronger and quicker and more alive. His golden brown coat shone with health as he ran through the forest, learning its every secret, every smell, and every sound.“He's the finest dog that I've ever seen,” said Thornton to his friends one day as they watched Buck walking out of camp.“There’11 never be another dog like him,” said Pete.They saw him walking out of camp but they didn't see the change that happened when he was inside the forest. At once he became a thing of the wild, stepping softly and silently, a passing shadow among the trees.In the autumn, Buck started to see moose in the forest. One day he met a group of about twenty. The largest was two metres tall, and his antlers were more than two metres across. When he saw Buck, he got very angry. For hours Buck followed the moose；he wanted the big one, but he wanted him alone. By the evening Buck had driven the big old moose away from the others, and then he began his attack. The animal weighed six hundred and fifty kilos—he was big enough and strong enough to kill Buck in seconds. Patiently,Buck followed him for four days,attacking and then jumping away. He gave him no peace, no time to eat or drink or rest, and slowly the moose became weaker. At the end of the fourth day Buck pulled the moose down and killed him. He stayed by the dead animal for a day and a half, eating, and then turned towards camp and John Thornton.Five kilometres from the camp, he smelt something strange. Something was wrong. He started to run. After a few hundred metres, he found the dead body of Blackie, with an arrow through his side. Then he found another sledge－dog, dying, with an arrow in his neck.Buck was near the camp now, and he could hear voices singing. Then he saw the body of Hans, lying on his face, with ten or fifteen arrows in his back. Buck was suddenly filled with a wild, burning anger.The Yeehats(印第安人) were dancing around the camp, when they heard a deep and terrible growling. Buck came out of the trees faster than the north wind, and threw himself on the Yeehats like a mad dog. He jumped at the first man, and tore out his throat, killing him at once. He jumped onto a second, then a third man, going each time for the throat. The Yeehats could neither escape nor use their arrows. Buck moved like a storm among them, tearing, biting, destroying, in amadness that he had never known before. Nothing could stop him, and soon the Yeehats were running, wild with fear, back to the forest Buck followed for some time, then returned to the camp.He found Pete, killed in his bed. He followed Thornton's smell to a deep pool, and found Skeet lying dead by the edge. Thornton's body was somewhere under the water.All day Buck stayed by the pool or walked restlessly round the camp. But when the evening came, he heard new sounds from the forest；the wolves had come south for the winter, and were moving into Buck's valley. They came into the camp in the moonlight,and Buck stood silently, waiting for them. Suddenly, the bravest wolf jumped at Buck. In a second, Buck had bitten,and then stood still again. The wolf was dead behind him. Three more wolves jumped at him, and were killed.Then the pack attacked in a crowd all at once. But not one of them could bring Buck down；he was too quick, too strong, too clever for them all. After half an hour the pack stopped attacking and moved away. Then one wolf moved forward slowly, in a friendly way；it was the wolf that Buck had met before in the forest. They touched noses. Then another wolf came forward to make friends, and another. Soon the pack was all around Buck, and the call of the wild was loud in Buck's ears. And when the wolves moved on, back into the forest, Buck ran with them, side by side That is perhaps the end of Buck's story. But after a few years, the Yeehats noticed that some of the wolves had golden brown in their grey coats. They also talked of a Ghost Dog that ran at the head of the pack.And sometimes men were found dead, killed by the teeth of a terrible animal. And each autumn, when the Yeehats follow the moose, there is one valley that they will not go into.In the summers there is one visitor to that valley: a large, golden-brown wolf, larger than any other wolf. He walks alone round the lake where the yellow gold shines in the water, and howls. But he is not always alone. In the long winter nights, he runs at the head of the wolf pack through the moonlight, calling into the night with them, singing a song from a younger world.。
野性的呼唤( The call of the wild)习题及答案
The Call of the Wild一、故事简介：从小生活在温室环境中的巴克被偷着拐卖到原始荒野当雪橇狗。
残酷的现实触动了巴克由于人类文明的长久熏陶而向大自然回归的本能和意识。
恶劣的生存环境锻炼了巴克，他在历练中不断成长．最终通过战胜狗王斯匹茨而赢得了拉雪橇狗群中的头把交椅。
当残暴的哈尔将巴克打得遗体鳞伤、奄奄一息时，约翰·桑顿的解救让巴克感受到温暖并决定誓死效忠恩主，但恩主的遇害彻底打碎了巴克对于人类社会的留恋，从而促使巴克坚定决心，毅然走向荒野，回归自然。
二、考题1.The author of “The Call of the wild” is Jack London .2.( D）The main idea of the extracts above is probably that .A.It was not easy for Buck, a dog from the south, to live in the north.B.Buck, a dog from the south, began to learn lessons from the hard life in the north.C.Some people were evil enough to steal dogs and sell them for moneyD.Buck, a dog from the south, was explosed to harsh environment in the north.3.（B）What kind of dog did the gold-seeker want? They wanted .A.Heavy dogsB.strong long-haired dogsC.Small dogs with furry coatsD.Fierce dogs good at fighting4.（B）Manuel stole and sold Buck because .A.he needed money to support his familyB.he spent more than he earnedC.Judge Miller was cruel to himD.Buck bit and hated him5.（ D ）The fat man cruelly beat Buck with a club to .A.make him unconsciousB.punish himC.kill him for his rageD.make him obey6.（B）During the imprisonment on the train, Buck was desperate for .A.foodB. drinkC. a blanketD. friends7.（ C ）Where did dogs sleep in the cold winter? They slept .A.in the campB.near the fireC.under the snowD.in the forest8.（ C ）How many huskies were there in the team of nine dogs?A.EightB. SevenC. SixD. Five9.（C）The huskies from a nearby Indian village came to the camp .A.to fight with the team dogsB.to watch the flight between Buck and SpitzC.to look for foodD.to growl with each other10.（C）The indian dogs that attacked the team of Perrault and Francois can be said to be all of the following but .A.bony and skinnyB.wild and war-likeC.strong and fairD.hungry and crazy11.（D）Buck soon learned that Perrault and Francois .A.were as bad as the fat man who hit him with a clubB.liked him as much as Mr. Miller didC.only knew how to make dogs work for themD.were fair and honest men12.（B）Francois made four little shoes for Buck because .A.Buck worked the hardestB.Buck’s feet were not hard enough yetC.Buck was Francois’ favourite dogD.Buck asked for them insistently13.（B）Why is Buck a dangerous rival to Spitz? Because .A.Buck is largerB.Buck is more intelligentC.Buck is more patientD.Buck is more cruel14.（B）During the first part of the flight, .A.Spitz suffered from serious woundsB.Buck was too eager to attack wiselyC.Buck was untouchedD.Spitz ran away for fear15.（A）Buck won the battle for survival because of his .A.imaginationB.strenghthC.experienceD.courage16.Buck’s trying to be the new lead-dog proves all that is in his nature except D.A.IntelligentB. ambitionC. hard workD. timidness17.（B）What made Dave happy? .A.Eating his portion of foodB.Being in harnessC.Spending the night in the snowD.Becoming the leader of the dog team18.（B）After the gamble, Thornton and his partners traveled in the wilderness .A.with a lot of foodB.in search of an old gold mineC.steadily day after dayD.with a mapped destination19.( C)At the end of their wandering, they found .A.the lost gold mineB.fifty pounds of gold dustC.a valley rich in goldD.a treasure island20.（C）Buck cornered a wolf many times .A.to frighten himB.to fight with himC.to make friends with himD.to pay tricks on him21.（ A ）A moose could kill his enemy with .A.its horns and hoofsB.its heavy weightC.its patienceD.its intelligence22.（ A ）The Yeehats used as their weapons.A.arrowsB. gunsC. knivesD. sleds23.The author’s purpose in telling this story is to .A.reveal some people’s cruelty to animalsB.remind us of the contribution of dogs in the exploitation of the northC.point out that dogs can also be good workersD.demonstrate how dogs, like humans, learn to adapt themselves to a new life24.What do you know about dogs? Use some words to describe them. Carnivorous, Friendly, Dangerous, Useful, Intelligent, Loyal, Faithful, Domesticated, Strong.25.What country does Alaska belong to?The USA.26.Where is Alaska located?In the north west of Canada.27.What is the climate like?It is very cold and often snows heavily in winter.28.What wild animals live there?Polar bears, brown bears, wolves, eagles and foxes.29.Who were the first inhabitants of Alaska?The first inhabitants of Alaska arrived from Asia during the Ice Age.30.Why did Alaska suddenly became famous at the end of the 19th century?People discovered gold there.31.How did Buck feel when he saw the rope around his neck was given to a stanger? He was angry.32.What’s the introduction into the world of primitive law?Obeying the man with the club.33.How was Buck taken from South California to the north?First by train and then by ship.34.What did Buck mean by“fair play”?Respect and treat each other in a decent way.35.What lessons did he learn to help him survive?He learned how to dig a hole in the snow to keep warm while sleeping, how to behave while pulling the sled and how to steal food without being caught to avoid hunger.36.What type of men are Perrault and Francois?They are hard workers who are not afraid to take risks and determined to get their destination.37.What does Francois mean when he says:‘he’ll chew Spitz and spit him out on the snow’?Francois thinks Buck will eventually defeat Spitz.38.Why was Buck called ‘the primitive beast’?Because he used his primitive instincts to win the fight.39.How did the men feel when they knew that Spitz was dead?They were not surprised and thought there wouldn’t be trouble in the team anymore. 40.What did Francois and Perrault think about Buck? Why?They thought that Buck was very good because he knew how to make the dog team work well.41.What did Buck dream about?Buck dreamed about a primitive man.42.What was the ‘earlier world’ that Buck dreamed of?The ‘earlier world’ was a world thousands of years ago.43.Who was the ‘short, hairy man’?The ‘short, hairy man’ was a primitive man.44.Why was this world important to Buck?This world was important to Buck because by following his instincts he was getting closer and closer to an older and more promitive way of life.45.What happened to Dave?Dave got ill and was shot to death.46.What were Buck’s new owners like?Buck’s new owners were two men and a woman. The men were out of place and the woman was unhelpful. They were unorganised.47.Both men were clearly out of place, and why people like them had come to the north was a mystery. What does the italicized part ‘out of place’ mean?They were not suitable and incapable.48.Why couldn’t the dogs move the sled though they pulled hard?Because the sled was frozen to the ground.49.Why was it inevitable that Charles and Hal were certain to fail?They lacked experience in mastering dogs as well as the surrounding. What’s more, they always disagreed with each other on everything.50.What does the phrase ‘ dead tired’ mean?Extremely tired.51.Why did the food of the team go short?Because they lacked order, discipline, and careful calculation.52.What happened to Dub?Hal shot him with his pistol.53.What kind of person was Mercedes?Changeable, timid, sympathetic.54.What happened to Billie?Hal killed him with an axe.55.What’s Thornton’s reaction to their question? Why?Short and cold answers. Because he knew they wouldn’t follow his advice.56.What did Hal do when Buck refused to advance?He whipped and clubbed Buck cruelly.57.What did Buck sense when he refused to go?Danger close at hand.58.What happened to the team?They all fell into the river and disappeared.59.How has Buck changed from the start of the story?Buck has learnt how to survive in any situation.60.What kind of dog is he now?He is strong and intelligent with a highly developed survival instinct.61.Why did Buck attack ‘Black’ Burton?Because Burton punched Thornton unexpectedly.62.Why did Buck love his master so much?Because Thornton understood and loved him.63.In the gamble, which side did most people support?Mathewson’s side against Thornton.64.What is the ‘mysterious thing that called’?It is Buck’s natural instinct calling to him.65.How did Buck feel when he ran with his wild brother?Happy.66.Why did Buck decide to leave the wolf?Because he didn’t want to leave Thornton.67.On entering the forest, what did Buck become?A wild thing.68.What changed in Buck now? Why?Buck no longer felt the need to stay in civilised society as Thornton was dead. He was free to become wild.69.Who was the ‘Ghost Dog’?Buck.70.How did Buck gradually change from a peaceful household pet into a wild beast who returned to the forest?Buck, a pet dog, was stolen and sold to be a sled dog in the north. In the hostile environment, Buck learnt how to survive in dealing with different masters and dogs. At last, Buck lived with his wild brothers in the forest.71.What things did Buck learn in his first few days in Alaska?Buck learned how to survive.72.What is the significance of Spitz in the story?Spitz was Buck’s antagonist in the story. In order to defeat Spitz, Buck became cunning and fierce.73.What was the problem with Buck’s feet, and how did Francois solve it?Buck’s feet were soft and Francois made little shoes for him.74.What did the Huskies do at nine, twelve and three o’clock each night in Dawson?Why is this important in Buck’s development?The huskies howled at these times. This helped Buck get in touch with his primitive side.75.What helped Buck’s team break the record on the way back from Dawson with Francois and Perrault?They made the record run because the weather conditions were good.76.What trick did Buck use to beat Spitz in the final fight?Buck pretended he was going to jump and bite in the usual place but at least minute he attacked Spitz a different way.77.When Buck lay by the fire who and what did he dream about? How is this connected to the title of the book?Buck dreamt of an ancient primitive world and a man living in that world. His dream represents the ‘Wild’ in the title of the book.78.Who bought Buck and his team when they got back to Skaguay? What were these men like?Two men from the States bought Buck and the team. They lacked order and discipline. The men did not know how to do anything.79.How does Buck come to live with John Thornton?John Thornton saw Hal hitting Buck and he intervened and saved him.80.Who does Buck meet in the forest? What do they do together?He meets a wolf and they run through the forest together.81.What happens at the camp while Buck is away?The camp is attacked by Yeehat Indians and all the men are killed.82.What does Buck do in the end?In the end Buck becomes wild.83.Trace the changes Buck makes throughout the story. What is he like at the beginning? What is he like at the end?At the start of the book Buck is strong and good-natured. He belongs to Judge Miller and has an easy and comfortable life. At the end of the book he has developed his survival instinct to the full and has returned to the primitive world.84.How does Buck react when he sees what has happened at John Thornton’s camp? Buck rushes at the Yeehat Indians like a hurricane attacking and killing them.85.How does Buck win the respect of the wolf pack?He wins the respect of the wolf pack by defending himself and fighting them off.86.Who tells the story ‘The Call of the Wild’? Buck? John Thornton? Another character? Who else? Explain the reason for your choice.The story is told by a third person narrator who is not in the story.87.How is the story ‘The Call of the Wild’ told?With a linear plot that moves directly from A to B to C.88.What is the effect of this way of story-telling? Think of the books and stories you have read. How are they told?This gives us a sense of Buck’s development and how events affect and change him. 89.How many years does the book cover?The book covers a period of more than two years.90.What are the main events in the story ‘The Call of the Wild’?Buck’s arrival in Alaska.91.What events in the story bring Buck closer to ‘ the wild’?His instincts, his dreams and his meeting with the wolf.92.What does London mean at the end of the story when he says that Buck ‘howls out the song of the younger world’?He means that Buck is still not in touch with his wilder, primitive side.。
The call of the wild
The Call of the Wild
• The Call of the Wild is a novel by American author Jack London published in 1903. The story takes place in the Yukon at the time of the 19th-century Klondike Gold Rush when strong sled dogs were in high demand. A dog named Buck is the central character, who at the beginning of the story is domesticated, but when he is snatched from a ranch in California and sold into the brutal life of an Alaskan sled dog he reverts to more atavistic traits. Buck is forced to adjust and survive the cruel treatment, fight to dominate other dogs, and survive in a harsh climate. Eventually he sheds the veneer of civilization, relies on primordial instincts and the lessons he has learned, to become a leader in the wild. • London lived for most of a year in the Yukon and gained from that experience material for the book. The story was serialized in the Saturday Evening Post in the summer of 1903 and released a month later in book form. The great popularity and success of the story made a reputation for London, with much of the story's appeal based on the simplicity with which he presented the themes in an almost mythical manner.
The-Call-of-the-Wild《野性的呼唤》
Plot一只名叫巴克的大狗与主人在加利福尼亚州的一个牧场上过着安逸的生活，他的主人是一名法官。
有一天他被园丁偷走并卖掉以偿还赌债。
巴克被带到了阿拉斯加，辗转卖给两个法裔加拿大人，他们对巴克的外形感到很满意，于是将他训练成了一只雪橇犬。
很快巴克通过观察他的队友们，学会了如何在这个寒冷的冬天以及这个弱肉强食的社会上生存下来。
随后巴克又被卖掉，并先后换过好几个主人，这些经历都使他不断地提高自己的能力，成为了雪橇犬的头领。
Eventually, Buck is sold to a man named Hal, who knows nothing about sledding nor survivingin the Alaskan wilderness, nor does his wife and her brother. They struggle to control the sled and ignore warnings not to travel during the spring melt. As they journey on, they run into Thornton, an experienced outdoors man, who notices that all of the sled dogs are in terrible shape from the ill treatment of their handlers4. Thornton warns them against crossing the river, but they refuse to listen and order Buck to mush5. Exhausted, starving, and sensing the danger ahead, Buck refuses. Recognizing him as a remarkable dog and disgusted6 by the driver’s beating of the dog, Thornton cuts him free from his traces and tells the trio he’s keeping him. After some argument, the trio leave s and tries to cross the river, but as Thornton warned, the ice gives way and they drown.最后，巴克被卖给了一个叫哈尔的人，哈尔、哈尔的妻子和她哥哥对乘雪橇一点经验都没有，也对阿拉斯加的荒野生存一无所知。
The-call-of-the-wild--野性的呼唤源自内心PPT课件
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" He sings a song of the younger world, which is the song of the pack." (Chapter VII The Sounding of the Wild) When the last sentence vanished from my eyes, I can still perceive an echo of a song - a wild song, which knocks up my dizzy mind that always cheerfully sink into the so-called civilized world without questioning. Wild, is no longer a symbol of the law of jungle but a headspring where streams out love, passion, bravery, loyalty, friendship, venture, competition and tolerance all these virtues can easily be found in the Call of the Wild.
于是，心中回荡，他重新找回了
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He was preeminently cunning, and could bide his time with a patience that nothing less than primitive.
the call od the wild好词好句整理
the call od the wild好词好句整理《野性的呼唤》(The Call of the Wild) 是美国作家杰克·伦敦的一部经典小说，书中描绘了主角巴克从文明社会走向荒野，最终回归自然的过程。
以下是该书中的一些精彩词汇和句子摘录：好词：1. Unfettered wilderness2. Primordial instincts3. Savage splendor4. Feral prowess5. Dominant hierarchy6. Ferocity tempered by intelligence7. Rugged terrain8. Primeval urge9. Enduring resilience10. Untamed frontier11. Pack dynamics12. Visceral strength13. Innermost core14. Brutal yet beautiful truth15. Survival of the fittest好句：1. "He was a killer, a thing of the wild, soured on mankind."（他是个杀手，是来自荒野的事物，对人类充满了敌意。
）2. "It was the call of the wild, the call of the trail, the call that Nature gives to every creature, the call that the buck hears when the rutting season comes."（那是来自荒野的呼唤，是行进的呼唤，是大自然赋予每一种生物的呼唤，是在繁殖季节雄鹿所听到的呼唤。
）3. "Buck did not read the newspapers, or he would have known that trouble was brewing, not alone for himself, but for every tidewater dog, strong of muscle and with warm, long hair, from Puget Sound to San Diego."（巴克没有读过报纸，否则他会知道麻烦正在酝酿，不仅是针对他自己，而且是针对每一个从普吉特湾至圣迭戈、肌肉强壮、长毛温暖的潮水区狗。
野性的呼唤( The Call of the Wild)
The Call of the Wild1 To the northBuck did not read the newspapers．He did not know that trouble was coming for every big dog in California．Men had found gold in the Yukon，and these men wanted big，strong dogs to work in the cold and snow of the north．Buck lived in Mr Miller's big house in the sunny Santa Clara valley There were large gardens and fields of fruit trees around the house，and a river nearby．In a big place like this，of course，there were many dogs There were house dogs and farm dogs，but they were not important．Buck was chief dog；he was born here，and this was his place ．He was four years old and weighed sixty kilos ．He went swimming with Mr Miller's sons，and walking with his daughters ．He carried the grandchildren on his back，and he sat at Mr Miller's feet in front of the fire in winter．But this was 1897，and Buck did not know that men and dogs were hurrying to north-west Canada to look for gold．And he did not know that Manuel，one of Mr Miller's garden－ers，needed money for his large family．One day，when Mr Miller was out，Manuel and Buck left the garden together．It was just an evening walk，Buck thought．No one saw them go，and only one man saw them arrive at the railway station．This man talked to Manuel，and gave him some money ．Then he tied a piece of rope around Buck's neck．Buck growled，and was surprised when the rope was pulled hard around his neck．He jumped at the man．The man caught him and suddenly Buck was on his back with his tongue out of his mouth．For a few moments he was unable to move，and it was easy for the two men to put him into the train．When Buck woke up，the train was still moving．The man was sitting and watching him，but Buck was too quick for him and he bit the man's hand hard．Then the rope was pulled again and Buck had to let go．That evening，the man took Buck to the back room of a bar in San Francisco．The barman looked at the man's hand and trousers covered in blood．‘How much are they paying you for this？’he asked．‘I only get fifty dollars．’‘And the man who stole him—how much did he get？’asked the barman．‘A hundred．He wouldn't take less．’‘That makes a hundred and fifty．It's a good price for a dog like him ．Here，help me to get him into this．’They took off Buck's rope and pushed him into a wooden box．He spent the night in the box in the back room of the bar．His neck still ached with pain from the rope，and he could not understand what it all meant ．What did they want with him，these strange men？And where was Mr Miller？The next day Buck was carried in the box to the railway station and put on a trainto the north．For two days and nights the train travelled north，and for two days and nights Buck neither ate nor drank．Men on the train laughed at him and pushed sticks at him through the holes in the box．For two days and nights Buck got angrier and hungrier and thirsti-er．His eyes grew red and he bit anything that moved．In Seattle four men took Buck to a small，high－walled back garden，where a fat man in an old red coat was waiting．Buck was now very angry indeed and hejumped and bit at the sides of his box．The fat man smiled and went to get an axe and a club．‘Are you going to take him out now？’asked one of the men．‘Of course，’answered the fat man，and he began to break the box with his axe．Immediately the four other men climbed up onto the wall to watch from a safe place．As the fat man hit the box with his axe，Buck jumped at the sides，growling and biting，pulling with his teeth at the pieces of broken wood．After a few minutes there was a hole big enough for Buck to get out．‘Now，come here，red eyes，’said the fat man，dropping his axe and taking the club in his right hand．Buck jumped at the man，sixty kilos of anger，his mouth wide open ready to bite the man's neck．Just before his teeth touched the skin，the man hit him with the club．Buck fell to the ground．It was the first time anyone had hit him with a club and he did not understand．He stood up，and jumped again．Again the club hit him and he crashed to the ground．T en times he jumped at the man，and ten times the club hit him．Slowly he got to his feet，now only just able to stand．There was blood on his nose and mouth and ears．Then the fat man walked up and hit him again，very hard，on the nose．The pain was terrible．Again，Buck jumped at the man and again he was hit to the ground．A last time he jumped，and this time，when the man knocked him down，Buck did not move．‘He knows how to teach a dog a lesson，’said one of the men on the wall．Then the four men jumped down and went back to the station．‘His name is Buck，’said the fat man to himself，reading the letter that had come with the box．‘Well，Buck，my by，’he said in a friendly voice，‘we've argued a little，and I think the best thing to do now is to stop．Be a good dog and we'll be friends．But if you're a bad dog，I'll have to use my club again．Understand？’As he spoke，he touched Buck’s head，and although Buck was angry inside，he did not move．When the man brought him water and meat，Buck drank and then ate the meat，piece by piece，from the man's hand．Buck was beaten（he knew that）but he was not broken．He had learnt that a man with a club was stronger than him．Every day he saw more dogs arrive，and each dog was beaten by the fat man．Buck understood that a man with a club must be obeyed，although he did not have to be a friend．Men came to see the fat man and to look at the dogs．Some-times they paid money and left with one or more of the dogs．One day a short，dark man came and looked at Buck．‘That's a good dog！’he cried．‘How much do you want for him？’‘Three hundred dollars．It's a good price，Perrault，’said the fat man．Perrault smiled and agreed that it was a good price．He knew dogs，and he knew that Buck was an excellent dog．‘One in ten thousand，’Perrault said to himself．Buck saw money put into the fat man’s hand，and he was not surprised when he and another dog called Curly were taken away by Perrault．He took them to a ship，and later that day Buck and Curly stood and watched the coast get further and further away．They had seen the warm south for the last time．Perrault took Buck and Curly down to the bottom of the ship．There they met another man，Francois．Perrault was a French－Canadian，but Francois was half－Indian，tall and dark．Buck learnt quickly that Perrault and Francois were fair men，calm and honest．And they knew everything about dogs．There were two other dogs on the ship．One was a big dog called Spitz，as white as snow．He was friendly to Buck at first，always smiling．He was smiling when he tried to steal Buck’s food at the first meal．Francois was quick and hit Spitz before Buck had time to move．Buck decided that this was fair，and began to like Francois a little．Dave，the other dog，was not friendly．He wanted to be alone all the time．He ate and slept and was interested in nothing．One day was very like another，but Buck noticed that the weather was getting colder．One morning，the ship's engines stopped，and there was a feeling of excitement in the ship．Francois leashed the dogs and took them outside．At the first step Buck's feet went into something soft and white．He jumped back in surprise．The soft，white thing was also falling through the air，and it fell onto him．He tried to smell it，and then caught some on his tongue．It bit like fire，and then dis appeared．He tried again and the same thing happened．People were watching him and laughing，and Buck felt ashamed，although he did not know why．It was his first snow．2 The law of club and toothBuck's first day at Dyea Beach was terrible．Every hour there was some new，frightening surprise．There was no peace，no rest—only continual noise and movement．And every minute there was danger，because these dogs and men were not town dogs and men．They knew only the law of club and tooth．Buck had never seen dogs fight like these dogs；they were like wolves．In a few minutes he learnt this from watching Curly．She tried to make friends with a dog，a big one，al －though not as big as she was．There was no warning．The dog jumped on Curly，his teeth closed together，then he jumped away，and Curly's face was torn open from eye to mouth．Wolves fight like this，biting and jumping away，but the fight did not finish then．Thirty or forty more dogs ran up and made a circle around the fight，watching silently．Curly tried to attack the dog who had bitten her；he bit her a second time，and jumped away．When she attacked him again，he knocked her backwards，and she fell on the ground．She never stood up again，because this was what the other dogs were waiting for．They moved in，and in a moment she was under a crowd of dogs．It was all very sudden．Buck saw Spitz run out from the crowd with his tongue out of his mouth，laughing．Then he saw Francois with an axe，and two or three other men with clubs jump in among the dogs．Two minutes later the last of the dogs was chased away．But Curly lay dead in the snow，her body torn almost to pieces．Curly's death often came backto Buck in his dreams．He understood that once a dog was down on the ground，he was dead He also remembered Spitz laughing，and from that moment he hated him．Then Buck had another surprise．Francois put a harness on him．Buck had seen harnesses on horses，and now he was made to work like a horse，pulling Francois on a sledge into the forest and returning with wood for the fire．Buck worked with Spitz andDave．The two other dogs had worked in a har－ness before，and Buck learnt by watching them．He also learnt to stop and turn when Francois shouted．‘Those three are very good dogs，’Francois told Perrault．‘That Buck pulls very well，and he's learning quickly．’Perrault had important letters and official papers to take to Dawson City，so that afternoon he bought two more dogs，two brothers called Billee and Joe．Billee was very friendly，but Joe was the opposite．In the evening Perrault bought one more dog，an old dog with one eye ．His name was Sol-leks，which means The Angry One．Like Dave，he made no friends；all he wanted was to be alone．That night Buck discovered another problem．Where was he going to sleep？Francois and Perrault were in their tent，but when he went in，they shouted angrily and threw things at him．Outside it was very cold and windy．He lay down in the snow，but he was too cold to sleep．He walked around the tents trying to find the other dogs．But，to his surprise，they had disappeared．He walked around Perrault's tent，very，very cold，wondering what to do．Sud-denly，the snow under his feet fell in，and he felt something move．He jumped back，waiting for the attack，but heard on-ly a friendly bark．There，in a warm hole under the snow，was Billee．So that was what you had to do．Buck chose a place，dug himself a hole and in a minute he was warm and asleep．He slept well，although his dreams were bad．When he woke up，at first he did not know where he was．It had snowed in the night and the snow now lay thick and heavy above him．Suddenly he was afraid—the fear of a wild animal when it is caught and cannot escape．Growling，he threw himself at the snow，and a moment later，he had jumped upwards into the daylight．He saw the tents and re －membered everything，from the time he had gone for a walk with Manuel to the moment he had dug the hole the night before．‘What did I say？’shouted Francois to Perrault，when he saw Buck come up out of the snow．‘That Buck learns quickly．’Perrault smiled slowly．He was carrying important papers，and he needed good dogs．He was very pleased to have Buck．They bought three more dogs that morning，and a quarter of an hour later all nine dogs were in harness and on their way up the Dyea Canyon．Buck was not sorry to be moving，and although it was hard work，he almost enjoyed it．He was also surprised to see that Dave and Sol－leks no longer looked bored and miserable．Pulling in a harness was their job，and they were happy to do it．Dave was sledge－dog，the dog nearest to the sledge．In front of him was Buck，thencame Sol-leks．In front of them were the six other dogs，with Spitz as leader at the front．Francois had put Buck between Dave and Sol－leks because they could teach him the work．Buck learnt well，and they were good teachers．When Buck pulled the wrong way，Dave always bit his leg，but only lightly．Once，when they stopped，Buck got tied up in his harness，and it took ten minutes to get started again．Both Dave and Sol －leks gave him a good beating for that mistake．Buck understood，and was more careful after that．It was a hard day's journey，up the Dyea Canyon and into the mountains．They camped that night at Lake Bennett．Here there were thousands of gold miners．They were building boats to sail up the lake when the ice melted in the spring．Buck made his hole in the snow and slept well，but was woken up very early and harnessed to the sledge．The first day they had travelled on snow that had been hardened by many sledges and they covered sixty kilometres．But the next day，and for days afterwards，they were on new snow．The work was harder and they went slowly．Usually，Perrault went in front，on snowshoes，flattening the snow a little for the dogs．Francois stayed by the sledge．Sometimes the two men changed places，but there were many small lakes and rivers，and Perrault understood ice better．He always knew when the ice across a river was very thin．Day after day Buck pulled in his harness．They started in the morning before it was light，and they stopped in the evening after dark，ate a piece of fish，and went to sleep in their holes under the snow．Buck was always hungry．Francoisgave him 750 grams of dried fish a day，and it was never enough．The other dogs were given only 500 grams；they were smaller and could stay dive on less food．Buck learnt to eat quickly；if he was too slow，the other dogs stole his food．He saw Pike，one of the new dogs，steal some meat from the sledge when Perrault wasn't looking．The next day Buck stole some and got away unseen．Perrault was very angry，but he thought another dog，Dub，had taken it and so punished him instead of Buck．Buck was learning how to live in the north．In the south he had never stolen，but there he had never been so hungry．He stole cleverly and secretly，remembering the beatings from the man with the club．Buck was learning the law of club and tooth．He learnt to eat any food—anything that he could get his teeth into．He learnt to break the ice on water holes with his feet when he wanted to drink He was stronger，harder，and could see and smell better than ever before ．In a way，he was remembering back to the days when wild dogs travelled in packs through the forest，killing for meat as they went．It was easy for him to learn to fight like a wolf，because it was in his blood．In the evenings，when he pointed his nose at the moon and howled long and loud，he was remembering the dogs and wolves that had come before him．3 The wild animalThe wild animal was strong in Buck，and as he travelled across the snow，it grew stronger and stronger．And as Buck grew stronger，he hated Spitz more and more，although he was careful never to start a fight．But Spitz was always showing his teeth to Buck，trying to start a fight．And Buck knew that if he and Spitz fought，one of them would die．The fight almost happened one night when they stopped by Lake Laberge．There was heavy snow and it was very cold．The lake was frozen and Francois，Perrault，and the dogs had to spend the night on the ice，under a big rock．Buck had made a warm hole in the snow and was sorry to leave it to get his piece of fish．But when he had eaten．and returned to his hole，he found Spitz in it．Buck had tried not to fight Spitz be－fore，but this was too much．He attacked him angrily．Spitz was surprised．He knew Buck was big，but he didn’t know he was so wild．Francois was surprised too，and guessed why Buck was angry．‘Go on Buck！’he shouted．‘Fight him，the dirty thief！’Spitz was also ready to fight，and the two dogs circled one another，looking for the chance to jump in．But suddenly there was a shout from Perrault，and they saw eighty or a hundred dogs around the sledge．The dogs came from an Indian village，and they were searching for the food that they could smell on the sledge．Perrault and Francois tried to fight them off with their clubs，but the dogs，made crazy by the smell of the food，showed their teeth and fought back．Buck had never seed dogs like these．They were all skin and bone，but hunger made them fight like wild things．Three of them attacked Buck and in seconds his head and legs were bad－ly bitten．Dave and Sol-leks stood side by side，covered in blood，fighting bravely．Joe and Pike jumped on one dog，and Pike broke its neck with one bite．Buck caught another dog by the neck and tasted blood．He threw himself on the next one，and then felt teeth in his own neck．It was Spitz，attacking him from the side．Perrault and Francois came to help with clubs，but then they had to run back to save the food ．It was safer for the nine sledge－dogs to run away across the lake．Several of them were badly hurt，and they spent an unhappy night hiding among the tress．At first light they returned to the sledge and found Perrault and Francois tired and angry．Half their food was gone．The Indian dogs had even eaten one of Perrault's shoes．Francois looked at his dogs unhappily．‘Ah，my friends，’he said softly，‘Perhaps those bites will make you ill．What do you think，Perrault？’Perrault said nothing．They still had six hundred kilometres to travel，and he hoped very much that his sledge－dogs had not caught rabies from the Indian dogs．The harness was torn and damaged and it was two hours be－fore they were moving，travelling slowly and painfully over the most difficult country that they had been in．The Thirty Mile River was not frozen．It ran too fast to freeze．They spent six days trying to find a place to cross，and every step was dangerous for dogs and men．Twelve times they found ice bridges across the river，and Perrault walked carefully onto them，holding a long piece of wood．And twelve times he fell through a bridge and was saved by the piece of wood，which caught on the sides of the hole．But the tempera-ture was 45°below zero，and each time Perrault fell into the water，he had to light a fire to dry and warm himself．Once，the sledge fell through the ice，with Dave and Buck，and they were covered in ice by the time Perrault and Francois pulled them out of the river．Again，a fire was needed to save them．Another time，Spitz and the dogs in front fell through the ice—Buck and Dave and Francois at the sledge had to pull backwards．That day they travelled only four hundred metres．When they got to the Hootalinqua and good ice，Buck and the other dogs were very，very tired．But they were late，so Perrault made them run faster．In three days they went a hun－dred and eighty kilometres and reached the Five Fingers．The other dogs had hard feet from years of pulling sledges，but Buck's feet were still soft from his easy life down south．All day he ran painfully，and when they camped for the night，he lay down like a dead dog．He was hungry，but he was too tired to walk to the fish，so Francois brought it to him．One day Francois made four little shoes for him，and this made Buck much more comfortable．Francois forgot the shoes one morning，and Buck refused to move．He lay on his back with his feet in the air，until Francois put the shoes on．Later his feet grew harder and the shoes were not needed．One morning，at the Pelly River，a dog called Delly went suddenly mad．She howled long and loud like a wolf and then jumped at Buck．Buck ran，with Dolly one step behind him．She could not catch him，but he could not escape from her．They ran half a kilometre，and then Buck heard Francois call to him．He turned and ran towards the man，sure that Francois would save him．Francois stood ，holding his axe，and as Buck passed，the axe crashed down on Dolly's head．Buck fell down by the sledge，too tired to move．Immedi-ately，Spitz attacked him and bit his helpless enemy twice，as hard as he could．But Francois saw this，and gave Spitz a ter－rible beating for it．‘He's a wild dog，that Spitz，’said Perrault．‘One day he'll kill Buck．’‘Buck is wilder，’replied Francois．‘I've been watching him．One day he'll get very angry and he'll fight Spitz；and he'll win．’Francois was right．Buck wanted to be lead-dog．Spitz knew this and hated him．Buck started to help the other dogs when Spitz punished them for being lazy．One morning，Pike refused to get up，and Spitz looked for him everywhere．When he found him，he jumped at him．But suddenly，Buck at－tacked Spitz．The other dogs saw this，and it became more and more difficult for Spitz to lead them．But the days passed without a chance for a fight，and soon they were pulling into Dawson City on a cold grey afternoon．They stayed in Dawson for seven days．When they left，Perrault was carrying some more very important papers，and he wanted to travel back as fast as possible．They travelled eighty kilometres the first day，and the same the second．But it was difficult work for Francois．Buck and Spitz hated each other，and the other dogs were not afraid of Spitz any more．One night Pike stole half a fish from Spitz，and ate it standing next to Buck．And every time Buck went near Spitz，he growled and the hair on his back stood up angri-ly．The other dogs fought in their harnesses and Francois often had to stop the sledge．He knew that Buck was the problem，but Buck was too clever for him and Francois never saw him actually starting a fight．One night in camp，the dogs saw a snow rabbit and in a sec-ond they were all chasing it，with Spitz in front．Nearby was another camp，with fifty dogs，who also Joined the chase．The rabbit was running fast on top of the snow，but the snow was soft，and it was more difficult for the dogs．When Spitz caught the rabbit，throwing it in the air with his teeth，Buck was just behind．Spitz stopped，and Buck hit him，very hard．The two dogs fell in the snow．Spitz bit Buck very quickly，twice，and then jumped away，watching carefully．The time had come，and Buck knew that either he or Spitz must die．They watched one another，circling slowly．Themoon was shining brightly on the snow，and in the cold still air not a leaf moved on the trees．The other dogs finished eating the rabbit and then turned to watch．Spitz was a good fighter．He was full of hate and anger，but he was also intelligent．Every time Buck tried to bite his throat，he met Spitz's own teeth．Then，each time Buck attacked，Spitz moved and bit him on the side as he passed．After a few minutes，Buck was covered in blood．He attacked again，but this time turned at the last minute and went under Spitz，biting his left front leg．The bone broke，and Spitz was standing on three legs．Buck tried to knock Spitz down，and then repeated his earlier attack and broke Spitz's right front leg．There was no hope for Spitz now．Buck got ready for his final attack，while the circle of sixty dogs watched，and crowded nearer and nearer，waiting for the end．At last Buck jumped，in and out，and Spitz went down in the snow．A second later the waiting pack was on top of him，and Spitz had disappeared．Buck stood and watched．The wild animal had made its kill．4 The new lead-dog‘Well，what did I say？Buck’s a real fighter，all right，’said Francois the next morning when he discovered that Spitz had disappeared and that Buck was covered in blood．‘Spitz fought like a wolf，’said Perrault，as he looked at the bites all over Buck．‘And Buck fought like ten wolves，’answered Francois．‘And we'll travel faster now．No more Spitz，no more trouble．’Francois started to harness the dogs．He needed a new lead－dog，and decided that Sol-leks was the best dog that he had．But Buck jumped at Sol－leks and took his place．‘Look at Buck！’said Francois，laughing．‘He's killed Spitz，and now he wants to be lead－dog．Go away，Buck！’He pulled Buck away and tried to harness Sol－leks again．Sol-leks was unhappy too．He was frightened of Buck，and when Francois turned his back，Buck took Sol-leks’place again．Now Francois was angry．‘I'll show you！’he cried，and went to get a heavy club from the sledge．Buck remembered the man in the red coat，and moved away．This time，when Sol-leks was harnessed as lead-dog，Buck did not try to move in．He kept a few metres away and circled around Francois carefully．But when Francois called him to his old place in front of Dave，Buck refused．He had won his fight with Spitz and he wanted to be lead－dog．For an hour the two men tried to harness him．Buck did not run away，but he did not let them catch him．Finally，Francois sat down，and Perrault looked at his watch．It was getting late．The two men looked at one another and smiled Francois walked up to Sol-leks，took off his harness，led him back and harnessed him in his old place．Then hecalled Buck．All the other dogs were harnessed and the only empty place was now the one at the front But Buck did not move．‘Put down the club，’said Perrault．Francois dropped the club，and immediately Buck came up to the front of the team．Francois harnessed him ，and in a minute the sledge was moving．Buck was an excellent leader．He moved and thought quick－ly and led the other dogs well．A new leader made no differ－ence to Dave and Sol-leks；they continued to pull hard ．But the other dogs had had an easy life when Spitz was leading．They were surprised when Buck made them work hard and punished them for their mistakes Pike，the second dog，was usually lazy；but by the end of the first day he was pulling harder than he had ever pulled in his life．The first night in camp Buck fought Joe，another difficult dog，and after that there were no more problems with him．The team started to pull together，and to move faster and faster．‘I've never seen a dog like Buck！’cried Francois，‘Never！He's worth a thousand dollars ．What do you think，Perrault？’Perrault agreed．They were moving quickly，and covering more ground every day The snow was good and hard，and no new snow fell．The temperature dropped to 45°below zero，and didn't change．This time there was more ice on the Thirty Mile River，and they crossed in a day．Some days they ran a hundred kilome－tres，or even more They reached Skagway in fourteen days；the fastest time ever．For three days the dogs rested in Skagway．Then Francois put his arms around Buck's neck and said goodbye to him．And that was the last of Francois and Perrault．Like other men，they passed out of Buck's life for ever．Two new men took Buck and his team back north on the long journey to Dawson，travelling with several other dog－teams．It was heavy work；the sledge was loaded with letters for the gold miners of Dawson．Buck did not like it，but he worked hard，and made the other dogs work hard，too．Each day was the same．They started early，before it was light，and at night they stopped and camped and the dogs ate．For the dogs this was the best part of the day，first eating，then resting by the fire．Buck liked to lie by the fire，looking at the burning wood．Sometimes he thought about Mr Miller's house in California．More of ten he remembered the man in the red coat and his club，the death of Curly，the fight with Spitz，and the good things that he had eaten But sometimes he remembered other things These were things that he remembered through his parents，and his parents parents，and all the dogs which had lived before him．Sometimes as he lay there，he seemed to see，in a waking dream，a different fire．And he saw next to him，not the Indian cook，but another man，a man with shorter legs，and longer arms．This man had long hair and deep eyes，and madestrange noises in his throat He was very frightened of the dark，and looked around him all the time，holding a heavy stone in his hand ．He wore the skin of an animal on his back，and Buck could see thick hair all over his body．Buck sat by the fire with this hairy man，and in the circling darkness beyond the fire he could see many eyes—the eyes of hungry animals waiting to attack．And he growled softly in his dream until the Indian cook shouted，‘Hey，Buck，wake up！’Then the strange world disappeared and Buck's eyes saw the real fire again．When they reached Dawson，the dogs were tired，and needed a week's rest But in two days they were moving south again，with another heavy load of letters．Both dogs and men were unhappy．It snowed every day as well，and on soft new snow it was harder work pulling the sledges．The men took good care of their dogs．In the evenings，the dogs ate first，the men second，and they always checked the dogs’feet before they slept．But every day the dogs became weaker．Buck had pulled sledges for three thousand kilometres that winter，and he was as tired as the others．But Dave was not only tired；he was ill．Every evening he lay down the minute after the sledge stopped，and did not stand up until morning．The men looked at him，but they could find no broken bones．Something was wrong inside．One day he started to fall down while in his harness．The sledge stopped，and the driver took him out of his harness．He wanted to give him a rest，and let him run free behind the sledge．But Dave did not want to stop working．He hated to see another dog doing his work，so he ran along beside the sledge，trying to push Sol-leks out of his place．When the sledge made its next stop，Dave bit through Sol-leks’harness and pushed him away．Then he stood there，in his old place in front of the sledge，waiting for his harness and the order to start pulling．The driver decided it was kinder to let him work．Dave pulled all day，but the next morning he was too weak to move．The driver harnessed up without Dave，and drove a few hun-dred metres．Then he stopped，took his gun，and walked back．The dogs heard a shot，and then the man came quickly back．The sledge started to move again；but Buck knew，and every dog knew，what had happened．5 More hard work。
_野性的呼唤_theCalloftheWild_浅析及三种译文之对比
○ 文学语言学研究 ２００７年第５２期 考试 周刊
《野性的呼唤》（ｔｈｅ Ｃａ ｌｌ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ Ｗｉｌｄ） 浅析及三种译文之对比
王华立
（ 广西大学 外国语学院， 广西 南宁 ５３０００４）
摘 要 ： 小 说 《野 性 的 呼 唤 》（ 又 译 《荒 野 的 呼 唤 》） 是 美 国 作家杰克·伦敦最为著名的作品。该小说作为名著， 已有多种 中译版本。本文试析原著的风格， 并对比蒋天佐、胡春兰和贾 文浩三位译者的译本（ 分别由河北教育出版社、人民文学出版 社及北京燕山出版社出版） ， 浅谈各译本的优劣得失， 同时提 出对同一文学作品的不同译本进行比较时， 应引进共时和历 时的观点作为标准之一。
The call of the wild 野性的呼唤
• They formed a deep friendship. Buck also had saved Thornton’s life for many times from then on. During that time, Buck became much closer with the wild. Noticing that the Yeehats killed Thornton, Buck avenged himself on the Yeehats. After revenge, Buck obeyed his longing for the wild. At the call of the wolves, Buck went into the wild and became the leader of the herd of wolf by his cunning and tact.
Jack London "waves“
writing
在写作
“浪花号”上的 杰克· 伦敦
background
• In the year of 1897, the Klondyke strike dragged men from all over the world into the frozen North. Jack London also went. After suffering the Sepsis ,his dream of being a gold miner broken. At the same time, he got plenty of writing materials.
The call of the wild
By Jack · London
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姓名：刘志梅班级：英师一班学号：20104033061The call of the wildThis novel was written by Jack London, and was first published in 1903.Jack London was born in 1876, at San Francisco, and died at age of 40; in1916.He lived in a poor family. His father was astrologer .His mother marriaged twice and his stepfather had 11 children. Although his life was very difficult ,yet he never gave up studying .He read books no matter when and where he was .He had ever done the work of newsboy ,worker ,thief ,sailor and so on .He made lots of friends and heard many interesting or terrible stories. He also was a adventurer, so he had ever traveled around the world .These experiences offered the materials for his novel.His first a collection of stories The Son of the Wolf published in 1900, and was famous to America immediately. His most famous novel includes The Son of the Wolf, Love of Life , Lost Face .His other works are long story Burning Daylight and The Abysmal Brute ;the story about dogs The Call of the Wild and White Fang and so on .Although Jack London only lived 40 years ,yet he left a large number of outstanding works.His life of adult was terrible .He started to peruse money and enjoylife, and his works also became inferior .At last, he ended up his life with suicide.This book mainly tell a story about Buck .Buck was a huge dog who weighted about 140 pounds .He was stolen from his host’s family and was sold to the south. He met some terrible experiences and became a dog of hauling sled .During the process of cruel train, he realize the law of nature and justice, and he learned craftiness and fraudulence. He played these abilities to such an extent that no one can catch up with his. After the brutal and savage struggle, he eventually became the leader of dogs and wolves. On the way of hauling sled ,he changed several hosts .He got acquainted with John Thornton .Thornton saved Buck from Hal ,and treated him very well ,so Buck loved Thornton so much that he obeyed Thornton’s any order and saved Thornton several times .At last ,Thornton was killed by Yachats ,he revenged for his host and walked to the wilderness .Although Buck only was a dog, yet his special experiences reflected the social reality of author who lived in .It also revealed the true life of author who still struggled in society .It was also the reflection of America during the development of capitalism.I think this book is very attractive, you can be absorbed very easily, and your mind will follow the plot and feel happy or sad.This book’s word is very vivid .The scene is so lively portrayed thatyou feels as if you are participating .You would worry about the fate of Buck and his partners .The descriptions of environment sets off the atmosphere very well .For example ,in chapter 5,there is a description about northern spring :”The whole long day was a blaze of sunshine .The ghostly winter silence had given way to the great spring murmur of awakening life …Crickets sang in the nights ,and in the days all manner of creeping ,crawling things rustled forth into the sun .Partridges and wood packers were booming and knocking in the forest…〞The spring is so beautiful and full of life ,but these beautiful scene can’t move Hal .Hal still maltreats Buck and his partners. The beautiful environment sets off by contrast the miserable experience of Buck .This description makes reader sympathize Buck very much ,at the same time ,we also admire Buck’s perseverance .The description of fighting between Spitz and Buck also is very lifelike .The action and expression is so proper that you can imagine the picture like watching film .The second, the book express the principle of “survival of the fittest” “survival of the strongest”. Buck lived in a rich and comfortable family before he was sent to the north, but he quickly suited for the life of northern and got more and more strong .He learned the law of club and fang from human and other dogs. He knew “survival of the strongest”, so he still struggled for survival. I esteem Buck’s resourcefulness and courage .He is so firm that he never gives up any chance of survival. Heloves John Thornton so much that he can do anything for Thornton .He dose such things only because Thornton saves his life and treats him very well .He still remembers Thornton’s loving-kindness .After he becomes the leader of wolf, he still returns to the valley that Thornton dies in every year. I like Buck’s faith very much, because Buck is not an ungrateful dog and he thinks highly of emotion. On the other hand, Buck is tricky and ruthless, but his characteristic is force by cruel nature. In the north, your kindness and friendliness is regard as coward, and others will kill you.From this book, I find that they love their work so much that they can endure any difficulties, such as starvation, cold, pain, even death and so on. In chapter 4, Dave was very weak, but he still sticks to haul sled. He loves and dedicates himself to his work, and I was shocking by his persistence when I read this part. He looks upon his work as his life, and his love for work even surpass the human kind. In our society, some people always complain about their work and often change the job for some reasons. There few of people who can devote all of their life to the work. We always regard ourselves as the leader of nature, but in some aspects, we cannot compare with the animals. We should emulate animals’ strong points and overcome ourselves weakness. Dave give his all until his heart stops beating, his action expresses the importance of work. A Chinese proverb says,” you should love your job whatever it is”, so do not complain about your work any more. You should adjust to theenvironment of your job and put your enthusiasm on it, and then you will find the job is very meaningful and you can find happiness from it.The life is not always meeting sunshine, and it often encounters with cloud or storm. When you meet with miseries, you should face up to it bravely. Hiding from difficulties, you will never beat them. In the book, when Buck faces hardships, he never runs away it. He always takes measures to solve it immediately. Whatever the environment you are in, you should not give up the hope however small. The fate takes over in your own hands. I had ever read a sentence” Today is cruel, and tomorrow is also cruel, but the day after tomorrow is fine, it’s pity that most of us give up the hope in tomorrow night”. In the harsh situation, maybe you just only stick to one minute, and you will succeed, but most of us abandon the last minute, then we fail. Buck becomes the leader of dog and wolf that is not separating his undaunted struggle.We have dignity, and the animals have it. We should respect life whomever it belongs. The dogs of hauling sled are dignified, and they are dying with dignity. They choose die of work instead of dying of rest. We should learn from the dogs that stand on dignity whatever the situation we encounter.The animals are our friends, and we should treat them well. The animals have their own thoughts and feelings, and they can realize the happiness or sadness. The animals are loyal to their host, especially dogs.Sometimes you maltreat them, and they cannot take revenge on you and still obey your orders. You treat them well, and they will repay you more than you give them. Like Buck, Thornton only saves him once, but he saves Thornton several times as return and still protects Thornton. After Thornton’s death, he still stays at the valley.The Call of Wild is a very interesting and meaningful book. The author expresses the reality of social and life by Buck, we can find the reaction of author. The author gives Buck the human emotion and feelings, gives Buck human wise, so Buck was portrayed a vivid figure!This book deserved to read very much, you could learn lots of knowledge from it. Every one who likes animals should try to read it.。