A Petrol Station For TEM-4

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TEM-4真题2007

PART ⅢCLOZEThere are many superstitions in Britain, but one of the most ( 31 ) held is that it is unlucky to walk under a ladder even if it means (32) the pavement into a busy street! (33) you must pass under a ladder you can (34) bad luck by crossing your fingers and (35) them crossed until you have seen a dog. (36) , you may lick your finger and (37) a cross on the toe of your shoe, and not look again at the shoe until the (38) has dried.Another common (39) is that it is unlucky to open an umbrella in the house-it will either bring (40) to the person who opened it or to the whole (41). Anyone opening an umbrella in fine weather is (42), as it inevitably brings rain!The number 13 is said to be unlucky for some, and when the 13th day of the month (43) on a Friday, anyone wishing to avoid a bad event had better stay (44). the worst misfortune that can happen to a person is caused by breaking a mirror, (45) it brings seven years of bad luck! The superstition is supposed to (46) in ancient times, when mirrors were considered to be tools of the gods.Black cats are generally considered lucky in Britain, even though they are (47) witchcraft.. it is (48) lucky if a black cat crosses your path-although in America the exact opposite belief prevails. Finally, a commonly held superstition is that of touching wood (49) luck. This measure is most often taken if you think you have said something that is tempting fate, such as “my car has never (50) , touch wood?”31. A broadly B widely C quickly D speedily32. A running from B jumping off C stepping off D keeping from33. A If B As C Though D Unless34. A erase B remove C avoid D ease35. A keep B keeping C kept D to keep36. A Consequently B However C Comparatively D Alternatively37. A make B print C perform D produce38. A label B symbol C mark D cut39. A argument B superstition C opinion D idea40. A loss B difficulty C tragedy D misfortune41. A house B household C home D circle42. A unwise B unintelligent C unpopular D unfortunate转自[英美者]-英语专业网站：/CN/Html/TEM/Test4/95222.html43. A falls B arrives C drops D happens44. A away B outdoors C indoors D far45. A when B as C if D though46. A have originated B be originating C be originated D originate47. A concerned about B related with C associated with D connected in48. A especially B specially C frequently D rarely49. A as B for C in D of50. A broken up B broken off C broken away D broken down51. __dull he may be, he is certainly a very successful top executive.A AlthoughB whateverC AsD However52. If only I __play the guitar as well as you!A wouldB couldC shouldD might53. The party, __I was the guest of honour, was extremely enjoyable.A by whichB for whichC to whichD at which54 It‟s high time we __ cutting down the rainforests.A stoppedB had to stopC shall stopD stop55 The student said there were a few points in the essay he __ impossible to comprehend.A has foundB was findingC had foundD would find56 Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone__ an opportunity to hear the speech.A ought to haveB must haveC may haveD should have57 I am surprised__ this city is a dull place to live in.A that you should thinkB by what you are thinkingC that you would thinkD with what you were thinking58 Susan is very hardworking, but her pay is not__ for her work.A enough goodB good enoughC as good enoughD good as enough59 It is imperative that the government __ more investment into the shipbuilding industry.A attractsB shall attractC attractD has to60 Land belongs to the city; there is __ thing as private ownership of land.A no such aB not suchC not such aD no such61 My daughter has walked eight miles today. We never guessed that she could walk__far.A /B suchC thatD as6２The statistics __ that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times.A provesB is provingC are provingD prove63 There are only ten apples left in the baskets, __ the spoilt ones.A not countingB not to countC don‟t countD having not counted64 It was __ we had hopedA more a success thanB a success more thanC as much of a success asD a success as much as65 There used to be a petrol station near the park, __?A didn‟t itB doesn‟t thereC usedn‟t it?D didn‟t there66 It is an offence to show __ against people of different races.A distinctionB differenceC separationD discrimination67 A great amount of work has gone into __ the Cathedral to its previous splendour.A refreshingB restoringC renovatingD renewing68 The thieves fled with the local police close on their __.A backsB necksC toesD heels69 The economic recession has meant that job__ is a rare thing.A securityB safetyC protectionD secureness70 Many people nowadays save money to __ for their old age.A caterB supplyC provideD equip71 The tone of the article __ the writer‟s mood at the time.A reproducedB reflectedC imaginedD imitated72 This is not the right __ to ask for my help; I am far too busy even to listen73 The job of a student accommodation officer__ a great many visits to landladies.A concernsB offersC asksD involves74 Our family doctor‟s clinic __at the junction of two busy roads.A restsB standsC staysD seats75 She was so fat that she could only just __ through the door.A assembleB appearC squeezeD gather76 After the heavy rain, a builder was called to repair the roof, which was __.A leakingB tricklingC prominentD noticeable77 The reception was attended by __ members of the local community.A excellentB conspicuousC prominentD noticeable78 Share prices on the Stock Exchange plunged sharply in the morning but __slightly in the afternoon.A regainedB recoveredC restoredD revived79 His brain has worked away on the idea of a universal cure.A richB quickC productiveD fertile80 The couple has donated a not__ amount of money to the foundation.A inconsiderableB inconsiderateC inaccurateD incomparablePART ⅤREADING COMPREHENSION阅读TEXT AIn the case of mobile phones, change is everything. Recent research indicates that the mobile phone is changing not only our culture, but our very bodies as well.First. Let‟s talk about culture. The difference between th e mobile phone and its parent, the fixed-line phone, you get whoever answers it.This has several implications. The most common one, however, and perhaps the thing that has changed our culture forever, is the “meeting” influence. People no longer need to m ake firm plans about when and where to meet. Twenty years ago, a Friday night would need to be arranged in advance. You needed enough time to allow everyone to get from their place of work to the first meeting place. Now, however, a night out can be arrang ed on the run. It is no longer “see you there at 8”, but “text me around 8 and we’ll see where we all are”.Texting changes people as well. In their paper, “insights into the Social and Psychological Effects of SMS Text Messaging”, two British researchers distinguished between two types of mobile phone users: the “talkers” and the “texters”-those who prefer voice to text message and those who prefer text to voice.They found that the mobile phone‟s individuality and privacy gave texters the ability to expre ss a whole new outer personality. Texters were likely to report that their family would be surprised if they were to read their texts. This suggests that texting allowed texters to present a self-image that differed from the one familiar to those who knew them well.Another scientist wrote of the changes that mobiles have brought to body language. There are two kinds that people use while speaking on the phone. There is the “speakeasy”: the head is held high, in a self-confident way, chatting away. And ther e is the “spacemaker”: these people focus onthemselves and keep out other people.Who can blame them? Phone meetings get cancelled or reformed and camera-phones intrude on people‟s privacy. So, it is understandable if your mobile makes you nervous. But pe rhaps you needn‟t worry so much. After all, it is good to talk.81 when people plan to meet nowadays, theyA: arrange the meeting place beforehandB. postpone fixing the place till last minuteC: seldom care about when and where to meetD: still love to work out detailed meeting plans.82 According to the two British researchers, the social and psychological effect are mostly likely to be seen onA: TALKERSB; the "speakeasy"c. the “spacemaker”D. texters83 We can infer from the passage that the texts sent by texters areA: quite revealingB: well writtenc: unacceptable by othersd; shocking to others84 according to the passage ,who is afraid of being heard while talking on the mobilea: talkersb: the speakeasyc :the spacemakerd: texters85 an appropriate title for the passage might beA: the SMS effectb: cultural implication of mobile usec: change in the use of the mobiled: body language and the mobile phone!TEXT BOver the last 25 years, British society has changed a great deal-or at least many parts of it have. In some ways, however, very little has changed, particularly where attitudes are concerned. Ideasabout social class-whether a person is “working-class” or “middle-class”-are one area in which changes have been extremely slow.In the past, the working-class tended to be paid less than middle-class people, such as teachers and doctors. As a result of this and also of the fact that workers‟ jobs were generally much less secure, distinct differences in life-styles and attitudes came into existence. The typical working man would collect his wages on Friday evening and then, it was widely believed, having given his wife her “housekeeping”, would go out and squander the rest on beer and betting.The stereotype of what a middle-class man did with his money was perhaps nearer the truth. He was-and still is – inclined to take a longer-term view. Not only did he regard buying a house of these provided him and his family with security. Only in very few cases did workers have the opportunity (or the education and training) to make such long-term plans.Nowadays, a great deal has changed. In a large number of cases factory workers earn as much, if not more, than their middle-class supervisors. Social security and laws to improve century, have made it less necessary than before to worry about “tomorrow”. Working-class people seem slowly to be losing the feeling of inferiority they had in the past. In fact there has been a growing tendency in the past few years for the middle-classes to feel slightly ashamed of their position. The changes in both life-styles and attitudes are probably most easily seen amongst younger people. They generally tend to share very similar tastes in music and clothes, they spend their money in having a good time, and save for holidays or longer-term plans when necessary. There seems to be much less difference than in precious generations. Nevertheless, we still have a wide gap between the well-paid (whatever the type of job they may have) and the low-paid. As long as this gap exists, there will always be a possibility that new conflicts and jealousies will emerge, or rather that the old conflicts will re-appear, but between different groups.86, which of the following is seen as the cause of class differences in the past?A: life style and occupationB: Attitude and incomeC: income and job securityD: job security and hobbies87 the writer seems to suggest that the description of ------- is closer to truth?A: middle –class ways of spending moneyB: working-class ways of spending the weekendC: working-class drinking habitsD: middle-class attitudes88 according to the passage, which of the following is not a typical feature of the middle -class? A: desiring for securityB: Making long term plansC: having priorities in lifeD: saving money89 working -class people's sense of security increased as a resulf of all the follwoing factor except?A:better social securityB: more job opportunitiesC: higher living standardD: better legal protection.90.which of the following statement is incorrect?A:Changes are slowly taking place in all sectors of the British society.B:The gap between working -class and middle- class young people is narrowingC: different in income will remain but those in occupation will disappearD: middle-class people may sometimes feel inferior to working-class people!TEXT CFor several days I saw little of Mr. Rochester. In the morning he seemed much occupied with business, and in the afternoon gentlemen from the neighourhood called and some times stayed to dine with him. When his foot was well enough, he rode out a great deal.During this time, all my knowledge of him was limited to occasional meetings about the house, when he would sometimes pass me coldly, and sometimes bow and smile. His changes of manner did not offend me, because I saw that I had nothing to do with the cause of them.One evening, several days later, I was invited to talk to Mr. Rochester after dinner. He was sitting in his armchair, and looked not quite so severe, and much less gloomy. There was a smile on his lips, and his eyes were bright, probably with wine. As I was looking at him, he suddenly turned, and asked me, “do you think I‟m handsome, Miss Eyre?”The answer somehow slipped from my tongue before I realized i t: …No, sir.”“ah, you really are unusual! You are a quiet, serious little person, but you can be almost rude.”“Sir, I‟m sorry. I should have said that beauty doesn‟t matter, or something like that,”“no, you shouldn‟t! I see, you criticize my appearance, and then you stab me in the back! You have honesty and feeling. There are not many girls like you. But perhaps I go too fast. Perhaps you have awaful faults to counterbalance your few good pointsI thought to myself that he might have too. He seemed to re ad my mind, and said quickly,” yes, you‟re right. I have plenty of faults. I went the wrong way when I was twenty-one, and have never found the right path again. I might have been very different. I might have been as good as you, and perhaps wiser. I am no t a bad man, take my word for it, but I have done wrong. It wasn‟t my character, but circumstances which were to blame. Why do I tell you all this? Because you‟re the sort of person people tell their problems and secrets to, because you‟re sympathetic and give themhope.”It seemed he had quite a lot to talk to me. He didn‟t seem to like to finish the talk quickly, as was the case for the first time.“Don‟t be afraid of me, Miss Eyre.” He continued. “ you don‟t relax or laugh very much, perhaps because of the effect Lowood school has had on you. But in time you will be more natural with me, and laugh, and speak freely. You‟re like a bird in a cage. When you get out of the cage, you‟ll fly very high. Good night.”91:at the beginning miss Eyre 's impressions of Mr.Rochester were all exceptA: busyB:sociableC: friendlyD: changeable92, in "....and all my knowledge him was limited to occasional meetings about the house,…”.the word about meansA:aroundB:onC:outsideD:concerning.93. why did Mr.Rochester say" ..and the you stab me in the back!" the (7thpara.A: because Jane had intended to kill him with a knifeB: because Jane had intended to be more critical.C: because Jane had regretted having talked to himD:because Jane had said something else to correct herself.94, from what Mr.Rochest told miss Eyre,we can conclude that he wanted toA: Tell her all his troublesB: tell her his life experience.C:change her opinion of himD change his circumstances95, at the end of the passage , Mr. Rochester soundedA:rudeB: coldC: friendlyD: encouraging.TEXTDThe ideal companion machine-the computer- would not only look, feel, and sound friendly but would also be programmed to behave in a pleasant manner. Those qualities that make interaction comfortable, and yet the machine would remain slightly unpredictable and therefore interesting. In its first encounter it might be somewhat hesitant, but as it came to know the user it would progress to a more relaxed and intimate style. The machine would not be a passive participant but would add its own suggestions, information, and opinions; it would sometimes take the initiative in developing or changing the topic and would have a personality of its own.Friendships are not made in a day, and the computer would be more acceptable as a friend if it imitated the gradual changes that occur when one person is getting to know another. At an appropriate time it might also express the kind of affection that stimulates attachment and intimacy. The whole process would be accomplished in a subtle way to avoid giving an impression of over-familiarity that would be likely to produce irritation. After experiencing a wealth of powerful, well-timed friendship indicators, the user would be very likely to accept the computer as far more than a machine and might well come to regard it as a friend.An artificial relationship of this type would provide many of the benefits that could continue from previous discussions. It would have a familiarity with the user‟s life as revealed in ear lier contact, and it would be understanding and good-humored. The computer‟s own personality would be lively and impressive, and it would develop in response to that of the user. With features such as these, the machine might indeed become a very attractive social partner.96.which of the following is not a feature of the ideal companion machine?A:Active in communicationB: Attractive in personality.C: enjoyable in performanceD: unpredictable in behaviour97. the computer would develop friendships with humans in a (n) ---------way.A: QuickB: unpredictableC: productiveD: inconspicuous.98.which of the following aspects is not mentioned when the passage discusses the benefits of artificial relationships?A:Being able to pick up an interesting conversation.B: Being sensitive to earlier contact.C: Being ready to learn about the person's lifeD:Having a pleasant and adaptable personality.99throughout the passage,the author is _____in his attitude toward the computerA:favourableB:criticalC: vagueD: hesitant100. which mgiht be the most appropriate title of the passage?A:Articial relationshios .B: How to form intimate relationshipsC:The affectionate machineD: Humans and computersPART ⅥWRITINGSection a compositionRcently a beijing information company did a survey of student life among more than 700 students in Beijing, guangzhou ,xi 'an chengdu , shanghai , wuhan,nanjing ,and shenyang . The results have shown that 67 percent of students think that saving money is a good habit while the rest believe that using tomorrow's money tody is better,what do you think?write on answer sheet two a compositions of about 200 words.you are to write in three parts.In hte first part, state specifically what you opinion isIn the second part, support your opinion with appropriate detail.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.you should supply an appropriate title for you composition.Marks will be awarded for content, organization ,grammar and apporpriateness. Failure to follow the instructiongs may resulit in a loss of marks.scetion B note- writingwrite an answer sheet two a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation:you have got to know that you classmates, michael ,is organizing a weekend excursion for the class. and you are thinkging of joining the trip, write him a note expressing your interest in the excursion and asking for information on two details related to the excursion.Marks will be awarded for content, organization,grammar and appropriateness.转自[英美者]-英语专业网站：/CN/Html/TEM/Test4/95222_2.html。

TEM-4模拟考试听写、作文部分参考答案 (2)

Model Test 1DictationMaking a ComplaintComplaning about faulty goods or bad services is never easy. / But if something you have bought is faulty or of poor quality, / you have to ask for a favor to get it right. / Complaints should be made to a responsible person. / Go back to the shop where you bought the goods, / taking with you any receipt you may have. / In a small store the assistant may also be the owner so youcan complain directly. / In a chain store, ask the manager. / If you telephone, ask the name of the person who handles your enquiry; / otherwise you may never find out who dealt with the complaint later. / If you do not want to do it in person, write a letter. / Stick to the facts and keep a copy of what you write. / At this stage you should give any receipt numbers, / but you do not need to give receipts or other papers to prove you bought the article.CompositionAn Electronic Dictionary or a Traditional Paper One?Dictionaries play a very important role in language study. When it comes to whether to choose an electronic dictionary or a traditional paper one, different people will offer different opinions. Though electronic dictionaries are more popular now and often quicker and easier to use, traditonal paper dictionaries are the better tool for study, especially of a foreign language.Traditional dictionaries, by providing more detailed definitions and examples, have greater capacity of vocabulary and better serve for study purposes. Some famous publishing houses have issued a lot of authoritative dictionaries like Oxford and Webster. People can choose any paper format from many different publishers as a study tool while there are frequently many errors in electronic ones. In addition, electronic dictionaries do not necessarily provide enough detail to provide accurate information.Though paper dictionaries are generally much heavier than electronic ones, students can use them at any time and in any place because they do not rely on electricity. Though the size of the letters in some dictionaries is very small, it does not consume energy unless some count the energy a person uses to carry it around! Think of all the money people could save on batteries, too!When people travel, an electronic dictionary may be more convenient. However, if somebody wants to read a book in a foreign language, a traditional dictionary is the perfect tool. Paper dictionaries are not merely a tool to check the meaning of words, but also a book which can be used to increase your vocabulary.Note-writingMarch 2, 2012 Dear Mr. Maxim,I take great pleasure in sending my most ardent and earnest congratulations on your promotion to professor at the university! You are absolutely worthy of this new professional title since your lectures are always academically interesting and easy to understand. My best wishes for you continued success!Yours,JohnModel Test 2DictationComputersA computer is a machine that is able to handle information very quickly. / Hundreds of problems can be solved in just a few seconds with it. / The information that is needed to solve a problem is translated into numbers by the computer. / The computer solves the problem, and then the answer is translated into words. / Special machines are used to put information and instructions into the computer. / The computer records the information and stores it. / A large amount of information can be stored in a very small space. / This information is stored in the computer’s memeory unit. / Computers are used in many different ways. / Business and banks use computers to keep financial records. / In many industries computers are used to control other machines that make products. / Governments, hospitals, schools, and communication companies work with computers. / Special computers have been developed for rockets, airplanes, ships, and cars. / Some people have small computer systems in their homes. / Because computers have so many uses, the computer industry has become one of the largest industries in the world.CompositionLiving on Campus or Living Outside School?Nowadays, choosing a right living place became an important issue for college students. Some of them prefer to live alone by renting a room near school, while others prefer to live with classmates on campus. As for me, I like to live with classmates in group domitory on campus.There are several vital reasons for my opinion. First, it is very convenient to ask classmates questions about courses and have various discussions with them. The main task of students is to achieve outstanding academic performance rather than anything else. Living on campus benefits not only me but also my classmates as we can help each other. Second, it can make me have better personal relations. It is not enough to communicate with classmates and friends just in classroom. Instead we need see and talk to each other frequently in spare time so as to maintain friendship. Third, it can save me much time. Living outside school will absolutely cost me more time to go to classes and get back. Put all the wasted time together, and that is really a considerable amount. With the saved time, I can study longer to improve my GPA (Grade Point Average平均绩点；平均分). Meanwhile, I can also participate in more association activities in order to make new friends and enrich my school life.In conclusion, living on campus is the best choice for college students. It helps them to perform better in study and establish better personal relations. Contrarily, living off campus would produce adverse impact and therefore should be avoided.Note-writingJan. 2, 2012 Dear Bill,As the Spring Festival is drawing near, I am very gald to invite you to a dinner party with several other friends of ours. Would you like to come on time at 5: 00 pm today, to Room 6 ofHoliday Inn Hotel? I’m sure we will have a very good time and enjoy ourselves thoroughly.Yours,Fred。

tag question

2. When you have finished with that book, don’t forget to put it back on my desk, _________? (2008) C A. do you B don’t you C will you D won’t you
B 3. She seldom goes to the theatre, _____? (2010) A. doesn't she B. does she C. would she D. wouldn't she B 4. When you have finished with the book, don’t forget to return it to Tim, _____? A. do you B. will you (2011) C. don’t you D. won’t you
2. 当陈述部分是there存在句时，附加疑问部分的主语也用there。
3. 陈述部分带有seldom, hardly ,never, rarely, few, little, nowhere nothing 等否定词或半否定词时，附加疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。但
如果陈述部分的否定词仅带有否定前缀，那么该陈述部分作肯定句处Байду номын сангаас，附加疑问部分一般仍用否定形式。
以Let us开头的祈使句，含义是allow us，不包括听话人在内，附加疑问部分需要用will you。
TEM 4 Paper D 1. There used to be a petrol station near the park, ________? (2006)
A didn’t it B doesn’t there C usedn’t it? D didn’t there

TEM42010专业英语4级真题及答案解析

TEM42010专业英语4级真题及答案解析TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2010)-GRADE FOUR-TIME LIMIT: 135 MIN PART I DICTATION [15 MIN]Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning? For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN]In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.1. The following details have been checked during the conversation EXCEPTA. number of travelers.B. number of tour days.C. flight details.D. room services.2. What is included in the price?A. Air tickets and local transport.B. Local transport and meals.C. Air tickets, local transport and breakfast.D. Air tickets, local transport and all meals.3. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. The traveler is reluctant to buy travel insurance.B. The traveler is ready to buy travel insurance.C. The traveler doesn't have to buy travel insurance.D. Travel insurance is not mentioned in the conversation.Questions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.4. Which of the following details is CORRECT?A. Mark knows the exact number of airport buses.B. Mark knows the exact number of delegates' spouse.C. Mark doesn't know the exact number of delegates yet.D. Mark doesn't know the number of guest speakers.5. What does Linda want to know?A. The arrival time of guest speakers.B. The departure time of guest speakers.C. The type of transport for guest speakers.D. The number of guest speakers.6. How many performances have been planned for the conference?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Not mentioned.7. Who will pay for the piano performance?A. Pan-Pacific T ours.B. Johnson & Sons Events.C. Conference delegates.D. An airline company.Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.8. What is NOT missing in Mary's briefcase?A. Her cheque book.B. Her papers for work.C. Her laptop.D. Her appointment book.9. Where was Mary the whole morning?A. At the police station.B. At a meeting.C. In her client's office.D. In the restaurant.10. Why was Mary sure that the briefcase was hers in the end?A. The papers inside had the company's name.B. The briefcase was found in the restaurant.C. The restaurant manager telephoned James.D. The cheque book inside bore her name.SECTION B PASSAGESIn this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. Atthe end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the passage.11. We learn from the passage that about two-thirds of the courses are taught throughA. the School of Design and Visual ArtsB. the School of Social Work.C. the School of Business.D. the Arts and Sciences program.12. What is the cost of undergraduate tuition?A. Twenty thousand dollars.B. Thirty thousand dollars.C. Twenty-seven thousand dollars.D. Thirty-eight thousand dollars.13. International students can receive all the following types of financial assistance EXCEPTA. federal loans.B. private loans.C. scholarships.D. monthly payment plans.Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the passage.14. According to the passage, mothers in spend more time looking after children.A. FranceB. AmericaC. DenmarkD. Australia15. Which of the following activities would Australian fathers traditionally participate in?A. Feeding and playing with children.B. Feeding and bathing children.C. Taking children to the park and to school.D. Taking children to watch sports events.16. According to the study, the "new man" likes toA. spend more time at work.B. spend more time with children.C. spend time drinking after work.D. spend time on his computer.17. It is suggested in the passage that the "new man" might be less acceptable inA. France.B. Britain.C. Australia.D. Denmark.Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the passage.18. The services of the new partnership are provided mainly toA. mothers of infected babies.B. infected children and women.C. infected children in cities.D. infected women in cities.19. Which of the following details about Family Health International is INCORRECT?A. It is a nonprofit organization.B. It provides public health services.C. It carries out research on public health.D. It has worked in five countries till now.20. The example of Cambodia mainly showsA. the importance of government support.B. the importance of public education efforts.C. the progress the country has made so far.D. the methods used to fight AIDS.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 21 and 22 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.21. According to the news, the victim wasA. a 17-year-old girl.B. a 15-year-old boy.C. a 23-year-old woman.D. an 18-year-old man.22. We learn from the news that the suspects were arrestedA. one month later.B. two months later.C. immediately.D. two weeks later.Questions 23 and 24 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.23. The Iraqi parliament can vote on the security agreementonly afterA. all parties have agreed on it.B. the US troops have pulled out.C. the Cabinet has reviewed it.D. the lawmakers have returned from Mecca.24. According to the news, the US troops are expected to completely pull out byA. mid-2009.B. the end of 2009.C. mid-2011.D. the end of 2011.Questions 25 and 26 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.25. The following are involved in the operations to rescue the children in Honduras EXCEPTA. the police.B. the district attorney.C. the prison authorities.D. Institute of Childhood and Family.26. What punishment would parents face if they allowed their children to beg?A. To be imprisoned and fined.B. To have their children taken away.C. To be handed over to the authorities.D. None.Question 27 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question.Now, listen to the news.27. What is the news item about?A. Coastlines in Italy.B. Public use of the beach.C. Swimming and bathing.D. Private bathing clubs.Question 28 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question.Now, listen to the news.28. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the news?A. The airport was shut down for Friday.B. There was a road accident involving two buses.C. Local shops were closed earlier than usual.D. Bus service was stopped for Friday.Questions 29 and 30 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.29. How many people were rescued from the apartment building?A. 17.B. 24.C. 21.D. 41.30. Which of the following details in the news is CORRECT?A. The rescue operation involved many people.B. The cause of the explosions has been determined.C. Rescue efforts were stopped on Thursday.D. The explosions didn't destroy the building.PART III CLOZE [15 MIN]Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on ANSWER SHEET TWO.How men first learned to invent words is unknown; (31) , the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain (32) to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, (33) they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed (34) certain signs, called letters, which could be (35) to represent those sounds, and which could be (36) . Those sounds, whether spoken, (37) written in letters, we call words.The power of words, then, lies in their (38) -the things they bring up before our minds. Words become (39) with meaning for us by experience; (40) the longer we live, the more certain words(41) to us the happy and sad events of our past; and the more we(42) , the more the number of words that mean something to us(43) .Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal (44) to our minds and emotions. This (45) and telling use of words is what we call (46) style. Above all, the real poet is a master of (47) . He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music, and which (48) their position and association can (49) men to tears. We should, therefore, learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will (50) our speech or writing silly and vulgar.(31) A. in addition B. in other words C. in a word D. in summary(32) A. sounds B. gestures C. signs D. movements(33) A. such that B. as that C. so that D. in that(34) A. in B. with C. of D. upon(35) A. spelt B. combined C. written D copied(36) A. written down B. handed down C. remembered D. observed(37) A. and B. yet C. also D. or(38) A. functions B. associations C. roles D. links(39) A. filled B. full C. live D. active(40) A. but B. or C. yet D. and(41) A. reappear B. recall C. remember D. recollect(42) A. read and think B. read and recall C. read and learn D. read and recite(43) A. raises B. increases C. improves D. emerges(44) A. intensively B. extensively C. broadly D. powerfully(45) A. charming B. academic C. conventional D. common(46) A. written B. spoken C. literary D. dramatic(47) A. signs B. words C. style D. sound(48) A. in B. on C. over D. by(49) A. move B. engage C. make D. force(50) A. transform B. change C. make D. convertPART IV GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY [15 MIN]There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.51. Which of the following italicized phrases indicates CAUSE?A. Why don't you do it for the sake of your friends?B. I wish I could write as well as you.C. For all his efforts, he didn't get an A.D. Her eyes were red from excessive reading.52. Nancy's gone to work but her car's still there. She by bus.A. must have goneB. should have goneC. ought to have goneD. could have gone53. He feels that he is not yet to travel abroad.A. too strongB. enough strongC. so strongD. strong enough54. After seemed an endless wait, it was his turn to enter the personnel manager's office.A. thatB. itC. whatD. there55. Fool Jerry is, he could not have done such a thing.A. whoB. asC. likeD. that56. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?A. They each have two tickets.B. They cost twenty yuan each.C. Each they have bought the same book.D. They were given two magazines each.57. She seldom goes to the theatre, ？A. doesn't sheB. does sheC. would sheD. wouldn't she58. Dr Johnson is head of the department, an expert in translation.A. orB. eitherC. butD. and59. When one has good health, should feel fortunate.A. youB. theyC. heD. we60. It is necessary that he the assignment without delay.A. hand inB. hands inC. must hand inD. has to hand in61. In the sentence "It's no use waiting for her", the italicized phrase isA. the objectB. an adverbialC. a complementD. the subject62. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?A. All his lectures are very interesting.B. Half their savings were gone.C. Many his friends came to the party.D. Both his sisters are nurses.63. Which of the following sentences has an object complement?A. The directors appointed John manager.B. I gave Mary a Christmas present.C. You have done Peter a favour.D. She is teaching children English.64. Which of the following words can NOT be used to complete "We've seen the film "?A. beforeB. recentlyC. latelyD. yet65. should not become a serious disadvantage in life and work.A. To be not tallB. Not being tallC. Being not tallD. Not to be tall66. Due to personality , the two colleagues never got on well in work.A. contradictionB. conflictC. confrontationD. competition67. During the summer vacation, kids are often seen hanging in the streets.A. aboutB. onC. overD. out68. There were 150 at the international conference this summer.A. spectatorsB. viewersC. participantsD. onlookers69. School started on a cold day in February.A. severeB. bitterC. suchD. frozen70. In the face of unexpected difficulties, he demonstrated a talent for quick, action.A. determiningB. defensiveC. demandingD. decisive71. The team has been working overtime on the research projectA. latelyB. just nowC. lateD. long ago72. Because of the economic crisis, industrial output in the region remainedA. motionlessB. inactiveC. stagnantD. immobile73. The police had difficulty in the fans from rushing on to the stage to take photos with the singer.A. limitingB. restrainingC. confiningD. restricting74. Joan is in the dorm, putting the final to her speech.A. detailsB. remarksC. commentsD. touches75. His in gambling has eventually brought about his ruin.A. indulgenceB. habitC. actionD. engagement76. The teacher told the students to stay in the classroom and they didA. absolutelyB. accidentallyC. accordinglyD. accurately77. You can actually see the deer at close range while driving through that area. The italicized phrase means .A. clearlyB. very nearC. quicklyD. very hard78. He listened hard but still couldn't what they were talking about.A. make overB. make upC. make uponD. make out79. For the advertised position, the company offers a(n) salary and benefits package.A. generousB. plentifulC. abundantD. sufficient80. As there was no road, the travelers up a rocky slope on their way back.A. ranB. hurriedC. scrambledD. crawledPART V READING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN]In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.TEXT AWhat is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, biology, chemistry, geology, engineering, medicine or any other science?We all know that science plays an important role in the societies in which we live. Many people believe, however, that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. The first of these is the application of the machines, products and systems of applied knowledge that scientists and technologists develop. Through technology, science improves the structure of society and helps man to gain increasing control over his environment.The second aspect is the application by all members of society of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is full of curiosity - he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually directs his attention towards problems which he notices have no satisfactory explanation, and his curiosity makes him look for underlying relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected. Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves.He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective and applies logical thought to the observations he makes. He utilizes the facts he observes to the fullest extent. For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum.He is skeptical - he does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available - and therefore rejects authority as the sole basis for truth. Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively toverify them.Furthermore, he is not only critical of the work of others, but also of his own, since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.Lastly, he is highly imaginative since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but alsofrequently incomplete. Furthermore, he needs imagination if he wants to make hypotheses of how processes work and how events take place.These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts.81. Many people believe that science helps society progress throughA. applied knowledge.B. more than one aspect.C. technology only.D. the use of machines.82. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about curiosity?A. It gives the scientist confidence and pleasure in work.B. It gives rise to interest in problems that are unexplained.C. It leads to efforts to investigate potential connections.D. It encourages the scientist to look for new ways of acting.83. According to the passage, a successful scientist would notA. easily believe in unchecked statements.B. easily criticize others' research work.C. always use his imagination in work.D. always use evidence from observation84. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. Application of technology.B. Progress in modem society.C. Scientists' ways of thinking and acting.D. How to become a successful scientist.85. What is the author's attitude towards the topic?A. Critical.B. Objective.C. Biased.D. Unclear.TEXT BOver the past several decades, the U.S., Canada, and Europe have received a great deal of media and even research attention over unusual phenomena and unsolved mysteries. These include UFOs as well as sightings and encounters with "nonhuman creatures" such as Bigfoot and the Loch Ness monster. Only recently has Latin America begun to receive some attention as well. Although the mysteries of the Aztec, Mayan, and Inca civilizations have been known for centuries, now the public is also becoming aware of unusual, paranormal phenomena in countries such as Peru.The Nazca“lines” of Peru were discovered in the 1930s. These lines are deeply carved into a flat, stony plain, and form about 300 intricate pictures of animals such as birds, a monkey, and a lizard. Seen at ground level, the designs are a jumbled senseless mess. The images are so large that they can only be viewed at a height of 1,000 feet - meaning from an aircraft. Yet there were no aircraft in 300 B.C., when it is judged the designs were made. Nor were there then, or are there now, any nearby mountain ranges from which to view them. So how and why did the native people of Nazca create these marvelous designs? One answer appeared in 1969, when the German researcher and writer Erich von Daniken proposed that the lines were drawn by extraterrestrials as runways for their aircraft. The scientific community did not take long to scoff at and abandon von Daniken's theory. Over the years several other theories have been put forth, but none has been accepted by the scientific community.Today there is a new and heightened interest in the Nazca lines. It is a direct result of the creation of the Interment. Currently there are over 60 sites dedicated to this mystery from Latin America's past, and even respected scientists have joined the discussion through e-mail and chat rooms.Will the Interment help explain these unsolved mysteries? Perhaps it is a step in the right direction.86. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Latin America has long received attention for unusual phenomena.B. Public attention is now directed towards countries like Peru.C. Public interest usually focuses on North America and Europe.D. Some ancient civilizations have unsolved mysteries.87. According to the passage, the Nazca lines were foundA. in mountains.B. in stones.C. on animals.D. on a plain.88. We can infer from the passage that the higher the lines are seen, the the images they present.A. smallerB. largerC. clearerD. brighter89. There has been increasing interest in the Nazca lines mainly because ofA. the participation of scientists.B. the emergence of the Interment.C. the birth of new theories.D. the interest in the Interment.90. The author is about the role of the Interment in solving mysteries.A. cautiousB. pessimisticC. uncertainD. optimisticTEXT CGraduation speeches are a bit like wedding toasts. A few are memorable. The rest tend to trigger such thoughts as, "Why did I wear such uncomfortable shoes?"But graduation speeches are less about the message than the messenger. Every year a few colleges and universities in the US attract attention because they've managed to book high-profile speakers. And, every year, the media report some of these speakers' wise remarks.Last month, the following words of wisdom were spread:"You really haven't completed the circle of success unless you can help somebody else move forward." (Oprah Winfrey, Duke University)"There is no way to stop change; change will come. Go out and give us a future worthy of the world we all wish to create together." (Hillary Clinton, New York University)"This really is your moment. History is yours to bend." (Joe Biden, Wake Forest University)Of course, the real "get" of the graduation season was first lady Michelle Obama's appearance at the University of California, Merced. "Remember that you are blessed," she told the class of 2009, "Remember that in exchange for those blessings, you mustgive something back... As advocate and activist Marian Wright Edelman says, 'Service is the rent we pay for living ... it is the true measure, the only measure of success'."Calls to service have a long, rich tradition in these speeches. However, it is possible for a graduation speech to go beyond clich6 and say something truly compelling. The late writer David Foster Wallace's 2005 graduation speech at Kenyon College in Ohio talked about how to truly care about other people. It gained something of a cult after it was widely circulated on the Interment. Apple Computer CEO Steve Jobs' address at Stanford University that year, in which he talked about death, is also considered one of the best in recent memory.But when you're sitting in the hot sun, fidgety and freaked out, do you really want to be lectured about the big stuff? Isn't that like trying to maintain a smile at your wedding reception while some relative gives a toast that amounts to "marriage is hard work"? You know he's right; you just don't want to think about it at that particular moment. In fact, as is the case in many major life moments, you can't really manage to think beyond the blisters your new shoes are causing.That may seem anticlimactic. But it also gets to the heart of one of life's greatest, saddest truths: that our most "memorable" occasions may elicit the fewest memories. It's probably not something most graduation speakers would say, but it's one of the first lessons of growing up.91. According to the passage, most graduation speeches tend to recall memories.A. greatB. trivialC. unforgettableD. unimaginative92. "But graduation speeches are less about the message than the messenger" is explainedA. in the final paragraph.B. in the last but one paragraph.C. in the first paragraph.D. in the same paragraph.93. The graduation speeches mentioned in the passage are related to the following themes EXCEPTA. death.a. success.C. service.D. generosity.94. It is implied in the passage that at great moments people fail toA. remain clear-headed.B. keep good manners.C. remember others' words.D. recollect specific details.95. What is "one of the first lessons of growing up"?A. Attending a graduation ceremony.B. Listening to graduation speeches.C. Forgetting details of memorable events.D. Meeting high-profile graduation speakers.TEXT DCultural rules determine every aspect of food consumption. Who eats together defines social units. For example, in some societies, the nuclear family is the unit that regularly eats together. The anthropologist Mary Douglas has pointed out that, for the English, the kind of meal and the kind of food that isserved relate to the kinds of social links between people who are eating together. She distinguishes between regular meals, Sunday meals when relatives may come, and cocktail parties for acquaintances. The food served symbolizes the occasion and reflects who is present. For example, only snacks are served at a cocktail party. It would be inappropriate to serve a steak or hamburgers. The distinctions among cocktails, regular meals, and special dinners mark the social boundaries between those guests who are invited for drinks, those who are invited to dinner, and those who come to a family meal. In this example, the type of food symbolizes the category of guest and with whom it is eaten.In some New Guinea societies, the nuclear family is not the unit that eats together. The men take their meals in a men's house, separately from their wives and children. Women prepare and eat their food in their own houses and take the husband's portion to the men's house. The women eat with their children in their own houses. This pattern is also widespread among Near Eastern societies.Eating is a metaphor that is sometimes used to signify marriage. In many New Guinea societies, like that of the Lesu on the island of New Ireland in the Pacific and that of the Trobriand Islanders, marriage is symbolized by the couple's eating together for the first time. Eating symbolizes their new status as a married couple. In U.S. society, it is just the reverse. A couple may go out to dinner on a first date.Other cultural rules have to do with taboos against eating certain things. In some societies, members of a clan, a type of kin (family) group, are not allowed to eat the animal or bird that is their totemic ancestor. Since they believe themselves to be descended from that ancestor, it would be like eating that。

TEM-4 听力试题分析SET 5

TEM-4 听力试题分析SET 5PART III LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN.]In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything once only. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct response for each question on your answer sheet. SECTION A STATEMENTIn this section you will hear nine statements. At the end of the statement you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following nine questions.1. Who is the speaker?A. An insurance agent.B. A fireman.C. A safeguard.D. A politician.2. What can we infer about Susan?A. She dresses fashionably as she spends plenty of money on them.B. She looks fashionable though she doesn't spend much on dresses.C. She doesn't spend much money on her dresses.D. She often spends too much money on her dresses.3. What does the statement mean?A. The room was too dry.B. The room was not dry enough.C. The paint was wet.D. The paint was too dry.4. We learn from the statement thatA. Lucy is very interested in video games.B. Lucy shows no interest in video games.C. Lucy often plays video games if she is free.D. Lucy plays better than her friends.5. What can we learn about Andrew?A. His petrol is used up.B. He just got his car filled.C. His car had a little petrol left when reaching the garage.D. He had a car accident.6. The speaker suggests thatA. appearances are not important.B. appearances are everything.C. lothes make the men.D. we should never trust appearances.7. What does the speaker say about Thurber?A. He is a great writer.B. His blind eye prevented him from writing good novels.C. His success depended on his childhood experience.D. He worked so hard in writing as to lose one of his eyes.8. What does the speaker imply? A. I knew the time of the concert from him.B. He didn't tell me the time of the concert.C. He told me the time of the concert, but it was unnecessary.D. The concert began before I knew the time.9. The speaker suggests thatA. we should read every two lines carefully.B. we should find hidden and implied meanings.C. we should keep our eyes open for the book.D. we should get the meaning of every word.SECTION B CONVERSA TIONIn this section, you will hear eight short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following eight questions.10. What's the woman's reply?A. She agrees to dine out.B. She opposes to dining out.C. She asks for the reason for dining out.D. She is hesitant.11. What will the man probably do next?A. Turn off the recorder.B. Turn up the recorder.C. Go to the hospital.D. Continue to play the record.12.What does the woman mean?A. The man should be patient.B. The man is mistaken.C. She misses her friend very much.D. She is waiting for a call.13.What is happening to the man's letters?A. They are being mailed to the woman's place.B. They are being forwarded to his new flat.C. They are being mailed to his old address.D. They are being held at the post office.14.Why is the man worried?A. He can't get the books he needs.B. He can't find his watch.C. He must read a lot of books.D. He doesn't like the course.15.What does the man mean?A. He has got the clothes.B. He has no intention to get the clothes.C. The woman shouldn't look at the clothes.D. The clothes are not clean.16.What does the woman suggest that the man do?A. hold the towel.B. go sailing next week.C. buy some towels at once.D. postpone buying towels.17.The woman call the man toA. confirm a staff meeting at 4 o'clock.B. confirm a meeting at 2:30.C. confirm an appointment at 4.D. confirm an appointment at 2:30.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestion 18 is based on the following news item. At the end of the news item you will be given 10 seconds to answer the following question.Now listen to the news.18.What's the doctors' attitude toward British couples planning millennium babies?A. Disapproving.B. Supportive.C. Surprised.D. Critical.Questions 19 and 20 are based on the following news item. At the end of the news item you will be given 20 seconds to answer the following two questions.Now listen to the news.19.The peace talks between rebels and the Zairian governmentA. have been cancelled.B. are put to a later time.C. took place according to schedule.D. took place ahead of schedule.20.Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. The talks are to take place in South Africa.B. The President has denied to meet with the rebel leader.C. The rebel leader didn't turn up for safety concerns.D. The government still takes control of more part of Zaire. Questions 21, 22 and 23 are based on the following news item. At the end of the news item you will be given 30 seconds to answer the following three questions.Now listen to the news.21.Who has survived the crash?A. Diana's driver.B. The French judge.C. The bodyguard.D. Diana's boyfriend.22.Trevo Rees-Jones has come to Paris toA. receive medical treatment.B. conduct the inquiry.C. answer judge's inquiries.D. investigate the accident.23.How many times has Rees-Jones come to Paris for the inquiry?A. Once.B. Twice.C. Three times.D. Four times.Questions 24 and 25 are based on the following news item. At the end of the news item you will be given 20 seconds to answer the following two questions.Now listen to the news.24. The Russian official's visit to China aims atA. strengthening security cooperation between the two sides.B. expanding into central and eastern Europe.C. discussing about border issues.D. reaching a bilateral agreement in economy.25.Russia expects to establish closer relationships with all of the following EXCEPTA. China.B. IranC. NA TO.D. India.KEY TO LISTENING COMPREHENSION1.A2.C3.B4.B5.A6.D7.A8.C9.B 10 .A11.A 12.B 13.A 14.C 15.B 16.D 17.C 18.A 19.B 2 0.C21.C 22.C 23.D 24.A 25.CEXPLANATION OF LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART III LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A STATEMENT1. “我认为你们的保险单没有规定对待火灾造成的损失的保障。

TEM4作文指导.doc

TEM-4作文指导第一节作文考试题简介一、试题介绍全国英语专业四级考试(TEM-4)中的作文考试由AB两部分构成，其中A部分规定时间为35分钟，要求写一篇大约200个单词的短文；B部分要求写一份60个单词左右的便条、通知或请帖。

这里只讨论A部分的写作注意事项及技巧。

考试大纲要求写作各类体裁的短文，但以写作说明文或论说文为主，不排除写作记叙文和描写文的可能。

作文考试的测试目标：按所给标题、话题或其它要求写作，内容充实、语言通顺、用词恰当、表达得体。

二、评分要点作文考试题的总分为15分。

按五个档次给分：第五档的分值为15-14分；第四档为13-12分；第三档为11-9分；第二档为8-6分；第一档为5-3分。

阅卷者先确定某篇作文的档次，然后给出具体分数。

在作文的审题、结构、论证、语言四大方面内容中，任何一方面出现严重问题，都可能导致不及格。

写作虽属主观题，但对语言基本功的考察是全面的，好坏一览无余，方方面面都会产生有利或不利印象，如字迹、标点符号、大小写、单词拼写、遣词造句等等。

目前写作考试仍是人工阅卷，长时间阅卷容易使人疲劳，所以有阅卷教师将一种“高效的工作法”总结为“一点、一线、一段”的阅卷模式：一点，是指紧扣题目要求，始终围绕明确的中心论点写作，不离题或偏题；一线，是指文章的组织结构与前后衔接要自然，对确定的论点进行几方面论述时要有明确标记；一段，是指考察语言质量时，可能随机抽取第二段起的任何一段细读。

三、注意事项1. 写作考试不是平常练笔，不能想写什么就写什么，想怎么写就怎么写，想写到哪儿就写到哪儿，必须根据题目来写，即必须审题。

要舍得花时间构思、写提纲。

2. 历年的写作题表明：题目一般是与大学生密切相关的话题，人人都会有话可说，但视野要宽，角度要高；不能陈词滥调，要有血有肉。

3. 作文的论题一般都很正式，要用正规的书面语，不要使用太多的口头词语，要保证作文的文体恰当。

4. 作文题目通常由三部分组成：第一部分提供话题与背景信息；第二部分是对文章的结构要求；第三部分是对内容、结构、语法、用词四个方面的评分说明。

英语专业四级（TEM4）完形填空试题和解析

英语专业四级（TEM4）完形填空试题和解析The passage has 15 blanks. For each blank there are four choices marked A）， B）， C） and D） on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.We all know that a magician does not really depend on “magic” to perform his tricks， but on his ability to act at great speed. 16）______， this does not prevent us from enjoying watching a magician 17）______rabbits from a hat. 18）______ the greatest magician of all time was Harry Houdini who died in 1926. Houdini mastered the art of 19）______. He could free himself from the tight test knots or the most complicated locks in seconds. 20）______ no one really knows how he did this，there is no doubt 21）______ he had made a close study of every type of lock ever invented. He liked to carry a small steel needle like tool strapped to his leg and he used this in place of a key.Houdini once asked the Chicago police to lock him in prison. They 22）______ him in chains and locked him up， but he freed himself 23）______ an instant. The police 24）______ him of having used a tool and locked him up again 。

新概念英语二单词音标

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specifications for TEM4-

Text length There will be Test method Discrete-point test and integrative test are used in combination with emphasis on the latter. Test Tasks and Item Types Type Expected Response constructed Selected Selected Constructed constructed Mode
Operations for Listening 1. Be able to listen for the general message. 2. Be able to listen for the main ideas or important information. 3. Be able to distinguish the relevant information from the irrelevant. 4. Be able to listen for specific details. 5. Be able to identify and recall important details. 6. Be able to make inference and deductions from given information.
dictation Multiple choice Cloze Composition Note-writing
Verbal Verbal written Written written
Test Organization and Weighting Component Dictation Listening a. Conversation b. Lecture c. News report G&V Cloze Reading Composition Note-writing number 1 30 weighting 15% 15%

TEM历年专四选择题

Question 1Marks: 1/1 The following are all correct responses to "Who told the news to the teacher?" EXCEPT _______a. Jim did that. Incorrectb. Jim did so. Incorrectc. Jim did. Incorrectd. Jim did this. CorrectQuestion 2Marks: 1/1 Linda was _____the experiment a month ago, but she changed her mind at the last minute.a. to start Incorrectb. to be starting Incorrectc. to have started Correctd. to have been starting IncorrectQuestion 3Marks: 1/1 My mother can’t get ___ because she has rheumatism.a. in Incorrectb. through Incorrectc. on Incorrectd. about CorrectQuestion 4Marks: 1/1 She _____fifty or so when I first met her at the conference.a. must have been Correctb. must be Incorrectc. had been Incorrectd. could be IncorrectQuestion 5Marks: 1/1 It is not ______much the language as the background that makes the book difficult to understand.a. so Correctb. as Incorrectc. that Incorrectd. very IncorrectQuestion 6Marks: 1/1 The committee has anticipated the problems that ________in the road construction project.a. arose Correctb. will arise Correctc. have arisen Incorrectd. arise IncorrectQuestion 7Marks: 1/1 The student said there were a few points in the essay he _______impossible to comprehend.a. would find Incorrectb. finds Incorrectc. had found Correctd. has found IncorrectQuestion 8Marks: 1/1 He would have finished his college education, but he _______to quit and find a job to support hisfamily.Choose one answer. a. had Correctb. would have Incorrectc. had had Incorrectd. has IncorrectQuestion 9Marks: 1/1 The research requires more money than ________.a. has been put in Correctb. have been put in Incorrectc. to be put in Incorrectd. being put in IncorrectQuestion 10Marks: 1/1 Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race. Yet it is probably ________a threat to the human race than environmental destructionChoose one answer. a. no more Incorrectb. much more Incorrectc. not more Correctd. even more IncorrectQuestion 11Marks: 1/1 It is not uncommon for there _______problems of communication between the old and the young.a. to be Correctb. be Incorrectc. would be Incorrectd. being IncorrectQuestion 12Marks: 1/1 ________at in his way, the situation does not seem so desperate.a. Looked Correctb. Being looked Incorrectc. Looking Incorrectd. To look IncorrectQuestion 13Marks: 1/1 Quality is ____ counts most.a. that Incorrectb. which Incorrectc. where Incorrectd. what CorrectQuestion 14Marks: 1/1 It is absolutely essential that William ______ his study in spite of some learning difficulties.a. continue Correctb. continues Incorrectc. continued Incorrectd. will continue IncorrectQuestion 15Marks: 1/1 __dull he may be, he is certainly a very successful top executive.Choose one answer. a. However Correctb. Although Incorrectc. As Incorrectd. whatever IncorrectQuestion 16Marks: 1/1 If only I __play the guitar as well as you!a. should Incorrectb. might Incorrectc. would Incorrectd. could CorrectQuestion 17Marks: 1/1 The party, __I was the guest of honor, was extremely enjoyable.a. at which Correctb. for which Incorrectc. to which Incorrectd. by which IncorrectQuestion 18Marks: 1/1 It's high time we __ cutting down the rainforests.a. stopped Correctb. shall stop Incorrectc. stop Incorrectd. had to stop IncorrectQuestion 19Marks: 1/1 The student said there were a few points in the essay he __ impossible to comprehend.a. has found Incorrectb. had found Correctc. would find Incorrectd. was finding IncorrectQuestion 20Marks: 1/1 Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone__ an opportunity to hear the speech.a. must have Incorrectb. may have Incorrectc. should have Correctd. ought to have IncorrectQuestion 21Marks: 1/1 I am surprised__ this city is a dull place to live in.a. that you should think Correctb. that you would think Incorrectc. by what you are thinking Incorrectd. with what you were thinking IncorrectQuestion 22Marks: 1/1 Susan is very hardworking, but her pay is not__ for her work.a. as good enough Incorrectb. enough good Incorrectc. good as enough Incorrectd. good enough CorrectQuestion 23Marks: 1/1 It is imperative that the government __ more investment into the shipbuilding industry.a. attracts Incorrectb. attract Correctc. has to Incorrectd. shall attract IncorrectQuestion 24Marks: 1/1 In his plays Shakespeare _____ his characters live through their language.a. would make Incorrectb. made Incorrectc. had made Incorrectd. makes CorrectQuestion 25Marks: 1/1 Land belongs to the city; there is __ thing as private ownership of land.a. not such a Incorrectb. no such a Incorrectc. not such Incorrectd. no such CorrectQuestion 26Marks: 1/1 My daughter has walked eight miles today. We never guessed that she could walk__far.a. / Incorrectb. such Incorrectc. as Incorrectd. that CorrectQuestion 27Marks: 1/1 The statistics __ that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times.a. proves Incorrectb. are proving Incorrectc. prove Correctd. is proving IncorrectQuestion 28Marks: 1/1 There are only ten apples left in the baskets, __ the spoilt ones.a. having not counted Incorrectb. not to count Incorrectc. don't count Incorrectd. not counting CorrectQuestion 29Marks: 1/1 It was __ we had hopeda. a success more than Incorrectb. a success as much as Incorrectc. as much of a success as Correctd. more a success than IncorrectQuestion 30Marks: 1/1 There used to be a petrol station near the park, __?a. B. doesn't there Incorrectb. A. didn't it Incorrectc. C. usedn't it? Incorrectd. D. didn't there CorrectQuestion 31Marks: 1/1 If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he ________ able to advise you much better than I can.a. was Incorrectb. will have been Incorrectc. were Incorrectd. would be CorrectQuestion 32Marks: 1/1 _________, Mr. Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working class.a. Even if he is a socialist Incorrectb. Since he is a socialist Incorrectc. Although he is a socialist Correctd. Being a socialist IncorrectQuestion 33Marks: 1/1 His remarks were ________ annoy everybody at the meeting.a. such as to Correctb. such to Incorrectc. so as to Incorrectd. as much as to IncorrectQuestion 34Marks: 1/1 James has just arrived, but I didn’t know he _________ unti l yesterday.a. will come Incorrectb. was coming Correctc. came Incorrectd. had been coming IncorrectQuestion 35Marks: 1/1 The square itself is five hundred yards wide, five times ____ the size of St. Peter's in Rome.a. which is Incorrectb. that of Incorrectc. of Incorrectd. / CorrectQuestion 36Marks: 1/1 _________ conscious of my moral obligations as a citizen.a. I had been and always will be Incorrectb. I have to be and always will be Incorrectc. I have been and always will be Correctd. I was and always will be IncorrectQuestion 37Marks: 1/1 Because fuel supplies are finite and many people are wasteful, we will have to install _________ solar heating device in our home.a. some type of a Incorrectb. some types of Incorrectc. some type of Correctd. some types of a IncorrectQuestion 38Marks: 1/1 I went there in 1984, and that was the only occasion when I ________ the journey in exactly two days.a. was able to make Correctb. could make Incorrectc. must take Incorrectd. must have made IncorrectQuestion 39Marks: 1/1 I know he failed his last test, but really he’s _________ stupid.a. anything but Correctb. nothing but Incorrectc. something but Incorrectd. not but IncorrectQuestion 40Marks: 1/1 Do you know Tim’s brother? He is _________ than Tim.a. more of a sportsman Correctb. much more sportsman Incorrectc. more a sportsman Incorrectd. more of sportsman IncorrectQuestion 41Marks: 1/1 That was not the first time he ________ us. I think it’s high time we ________ strong actions against him.Choose one answer. a. betrayed…take Incorrectb. had betrayed…took Correctc. has betrayed…take Incorrectd. has betrayed…took IncorrectQuestion 42Marks: 1/1 What’s the chance of ________ a general election this year?a. there be Incorrectb. there being Correctc. there going to be Incorrectd. there to be IncorrectQuestion 43Marks: 1/1 The meeting was put off because we __________ a meeting without John.a. objected having Incorrectb. objected to having Correctc. \were objected to having Incorrectd. \objected to have IncorrectQuestion 44Marks: 1/1 ________ you _______ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice.a. Should, have Correctb. If, had Incorrectc. In case, had Incorrectd. Have, had IncorrectQuestion 45Marks: 1/1 He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, ________ that he paid me back the following week.a. on occasion Incorrectb. on condition Correctc. on purpose Incorrectd. only if IncorrectQuestion 46Marks: 1/1 Which of the following sentences expresses "probability"?a. You must complete the reading assignment on time. Incorrectb. You must be here by eight o'clock. Incorrectc. You must be feeling rather tired.. Correctd. You must leave immediately. IncorrectQuestion 47Marks: 1/1 Children who stay away from school do ________ for different reasons.a. it Correctb. theirs Incorrectc. / Incorrectd. them IncorrectQuestion 48Marks: 1/1 That trumpet p layer was certainly loud. But I wasn’t bothered by his loudness ____ by his lack of talent.. a. so much as Correctb. rather than Incorrectc. than Incorrectd. as IncorrectQuestion 49Marks: 1/1 ____, I’ll marry him all the same.a. Whether rich or poor Incorrectb. Were he rich or poor Incorrectc. Be he rich or poor Correctd. Was he rich or poor IncorrectQuestion 50Marks: 1/1 The government has promised to do ____ lies in its power to ease the hardships of the victims in the flood-stricken area.a. whatever Correctb. whichever Incorrectc. however Incorrectd. wherever IncorrectQuestion 51Marks: 1/1 ____ if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand?a. Would you be surprised Correctb. Were you surprised Incorrectc. Had you been surprised Incorrectd. Would you have been surprised IncorrectQuestion 52Marks: 1/1 If not ____ with the respect he feels due to him, Jack gets very ill-tempered and grumbles all the time.a. having been treated Incorrectb. be treated Incorrectc. being treated Incorrectd. treated CorrectQuestion 53Marks: 1/1 It is imperative that students ____ their term papers on time.a. would hand in Incorrectb. hand in Correctc. have to hand in Incorrectd. handed in IncorrectQuestion 54Marks: 1/1 The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of a fully-loaded truck, ____ to the truck.a. greater is the stress Incorrectb. the stress is greater Incorrectc. the greater the stress Correctd. the greater stress is IncorrectQuestion 55Marks: 1/1 The Minister of Finance is believed ____ of imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue. a. that he is thinking Incorrectb. that he is to think Incorrectc. to think Incorrectd. to be thinkingCorrectQuestion 56Marks: 1/1 Issues of price, place, promotion, and product are ____ conventional concerns in planning marketing strategies.a. among the most Correctb. these of the most Incorrectc. most of those Incorrectd. among the many of IncorrectQuestion 57Marks: 1/1 There are as good fish in the sea _____ever came out of it .b. so Incorrectc. like Incorrectd. than IncorrectQuestion 58Marks: 1/1 ____ both sides accept the agreement ____ a lasting peace be established in this region.a. Only if, will Correctb. Unless, would Incorrectc. If only, would Incorrectd. Should, will IncorrectQuestion 59Marks: 1/1 Mr Wells, together with all the members of his family, ____ for Europe this afternoon.a. is leaving Correctb. are leaving Incorrectc. leave Incorrectd. are to leave IncorrectQuestion 60Marks: 1/1 Agriculture is the country’s chief source of wealth, wheat ____ by far the biggest cereal crop.a. be Incorrectb. been Incorrectc. being Correctd. is IncorrectQuestion 61Marks: 1/1 Jack ____from home for two days now, and I am beginning to worry about his safety. a. has been missing Correctb. has been missed Incorrectc. was missed Incorrectd. had been missing IncorrectQuestion 62Marks: 1/1 Above the trees are the hills, ____ magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.a. which Incorrectb. of whose Incorrectc. whose Correctd. where IncorrectQuestion 63Marks: 1/1 Who____ was coming to see me in my office this afternoon?a. did you say Correctb. you said Incorrectc. did you say that Incorrectd. you did say IncorrectQuestion 64Marks: 1/1 —Does Alan like hamburgers?—Yes. So much ____ that he eats them almost every day.a. so Correctc. to Incorrectd. or IncorrectQuestion 65Marks: 1/1 Your ideas, ____, seem unusual to me.a. like hers Correctb. like her Incorrectc. similar to her Incorrectd. similar to herself IncorrectQuestion 66Marks: 1/1 The opening ceremony is a great occasion. It is essential ____for that.a. of us to be prepared Incorrectb. that we are prepared Incorrectc. for us to be prepared Correctd. our being prepared IncorrectQuestion 67Marks: 1/1 Time ____, the celebration will be held as scheduled.a. permitting Correctb. permit Incorrectc. permits Incorrectd. permitted IncorrectQuestion 68Marks: 1/1 All the President’s Men ______one of the important books for historians who study the Watergate Scandal.a. remains Correctb. remained Incorrectc. remain Incorrectd. is remaining IncorrectQuestion 69Marks: 1/1 ____ I like economics, I like sociology much better.a. How much Incorrectb. As mush as Incorrectc. Much as Correctd. So much IncorrectQuestion 70Marks: 1/1 It is futile to discuss the matter further, because ____going to agree upon anything today.a. neither you nor I am Correctb. neither you nor I are Incorrectc. neither me nor you are Incorrectd. neither you nor me is IncorrectQuestion 71Marks: 1/1 They overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead of time, ____ is something we had not expected.a. that Incorrectc. what Incorrectd. it IncorrectQuestion 72Marks: 1/1 He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man ____ he was twenty years ago.a. whom Incorrectb. that Correctc. which Incorrectd. who IncorrectQuestion 73Marks: 1/1 She would have been more agreeable if she had changed a little bit, ____?a. hasn’t she Incorrectb. wouldn’t she Correctc. didn’t she Incorrectd. hadn’t she IncorrectQuestion 74Marks: 1/1 She did her work _________her manager had instructed.a. until Incorrectb. when Incorrectc. as Correctd. though IncorrectQuestion 75Marks: 1/1 _______ of the twins was arrested, because I saw both at a party last night.a. All Incorrectb. None Incorrectc. Neither Correctd. Both IncorrectQuestion 76Marks: 1/1 For some time now, world leaders _______ out the necessity for agreement on arms reduction.a. had been pointing Incorrectb. pointed Incorrectc. were pointing Incorrectd. have been pointing CorrectQuestion 77Marks: 1/1 Have you ever been in a situation ______ you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him?a. where Incorrectb. that Correctc. in where Incorrectd. by which IncorrectQuestion 78Marks: 1/1 We’ve just installed two air-conditions in out apartment, _______should make great differences in our life next summer.a. which Correctc. what Incorrectd. that IncorrectQuestion 79Marks: 1/1 “You ______ borrow my notes provided you take care of them.” I told my friend.a. should Incorrectb. can Correctc. could Correctd. must IncorrectQuestion 80Marks: 1/1 AID is said _________ the number-one killer of both men and women over the past few years in that region.a. to have been Correctb. having been Incorrectc. to be Incorrectd. being IncorrectQuestion 81Marks: 1/1 he managed to save ______ she could out of her wages to help her brother.a. how little money Incorrectb. so little money Incorrectc. such little money Incorrectd. what little money CorrectQuestion 82Marks: 1/1 Fool ____ Jane is, she could not have done such a thing.a. that Incorrectb. like Incorrectc. who Incorrectd. as CorrectQuestion 83Marks: 1/1 _______ for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.a. Ha dn’t it been Incorrectb. Was it not Incorrectc. Were it not Incorrectd. Had it not been CorrectQuestion 84Marks: 1/1 “ What courses are you going to do next semester?”“ I don’t know. But its about time _______ on something.”a. I decide Incorrectb. I’m deciding Incorrectc. I decided Correctd. I’d decide IncorrectQuestion 85Marks: 1/1 I can’t go—for one thing, I have no money, and _____ I have too much work.a. in addition Incorrectc. as well x Incorrectd. what’s more IncorrectQuestion 86Marks: 1/1 Even as a girl, _____ to be her life, and theater audiences were to be her best teacher.a. it was known that Melissa’s performances wereIncorrectb. knowing that Melissa’s performances were Incorrectc. Melissa knew that performing was Correctd. performing by Melissa were IncorrectQuestion 87Marks: 1/1 ______ him tomorrow?a. Why not to call on Incorrectb. Why not calling on Incorrectc. Why not call on Correctd. Why don’t call on IncorrectQuestion 88Marks: 1/1 There is no doubt ___the company has made the right decision on the sales project.a. why Incorrectb. when Incorrectc. whether Incorrectd. that CorrectQuestion 89Marks: 1/1 Intellect is to the mind ___sight is to the body.a. as Incorrectb. like Incorrectc. that Incorrectd. what CorrectQuestion 90Marks: 1/1 If only the patient ______a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now.a. had received Correctb. were receiving Incorrectc. received Incorrectd. should receive IncorrectQuestion 91Marks: 1/1 ___I sympathize, I can’t really do very much to help them out of the difficulties.a. Even Incorrectb. As Incorrectc. While Correctd. As long as IncorrectQuestion 92Marks: 1/1 The patient’s progress was very encouraging as he could ___ get out of bed without help.b. merely Incorrectc. barely Incorrectd. nearly CorrectQuestion 93Marks: 1/1 He was _____ to tell the truth even to his closest friend.a. too much of a coward Correctb. enough of a coward Incorrectc. too much the coward Incorrectd. a coward enough IncorrectQuestion 94Marks: 1/1 Barry had an advantage over his mother ___he could speak French.a. in that Correctb. since that Incorrectc. at that Incorrectd. so that IncorrectQuestion 95Marks: 1/1 You needn’t worry ___ regards the cost of the operation.a. as Correctb. with Incorrectc. which Incorrectd. about IncorrectQuestion 96Marks: 1/1 Acute hearing helps most animals sense the approach of thunderstorms long before people___.. a. do Correctb. hear Incorrectc. hearing it Incorrectd. do them IncorrectQuestion 97Marks: 1/1 This is an illness that can result in total blindness ___ left untreated.a. since Incorrectb. if Correctc. after Incorrectd. unless IncorrectQuestion 98Marks: 1/1 The central provinces have floods in some years, and ___.a. others in drought Incorrectb. droughts are others Incorrectc. drought in others Correctd. while other droughts IncorrectQuestion 99Marks: 1/1 Do help yourself to some fruit,___ you?a. don’t Incorrectb. wouldn’t Incorrectd. won’t CorrectQuestion 100Marks: 1/1 There___ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.a. be Incorrectb. to be Incorrectc. to have been Incorrectd. being Correct。

tem-4dictation

Passage 24 The Earth DayOur Planet Earth has so much to give us. From the beautiful natural surroundings to the rich types of creatures, Planet Earth has loads of things to offer that only make the life more beautiful. However, haveyou given a thought to how many individuals actually respect this planet? April 22nd is known the world over as Earth Day. It is celebrated to create more awareness about our planet and situations that we need to take care of to ensure our Planet Earth is well loved and cared for. As things are, we need to celebrate it on one day to remind us of the responsibilities we need to handle in the coming years. The importanceof Planet Earth is something that should be taught to children in their early years, at home and in the school. Only then will the young and old alike, understand the issues such as global warming, energy conservation and the importance of recycling.Passage 27 Differences Between Chinese and Western Eating HabitsThere are great differences between Chinese and Western eating habits. Unlike the west, where everyone had their own plate of food, in China the dishes are placed on the table and everybody shares. If youare being treated by a Chinese host, be prepared for a ton of food. Chinese are veryproud of their cultures of cuisine and will do their best to show their hospitality. And sometime the Chinese hosts use their chopsticksto put food in your bowl of plate. This is a sign of politeness. The appropriate thing to do would be to eat the whatever-it-is and say how tasty it is. If you feel uncomfortable with this, you can just say apolite thank-you and leave the food there. And you should never tap on your bowl with your chopsticks, which can be very insulting to the host.Passage 28 High School Dancing Party in the USIn the United States, a dancing party is held at the end of senior year for high school students. Smaller schools may hold a dancing party open to the entire student body. Large high schools may hold two dancing parties, a junior dancing party for those finishing their 11th gradeyear and a senior dancing party for those who are graduating high school. Dancing parties are mostly attended by juniors and seniors, but some schools allow all classes to attend. The Junior and Senior classes may participate in fund raisers throughout the school year to reduce thecost of prom. Dancing party tickets are sold at school and are traditionally purchased by boys for the couple. It is not unusual for people attending dancing parties as friends to purc hase a couple’s ticket. The cost of half of one couple’s ticket is generally less than that of one for an individual.Passage 29 Artificial IntelligenceArtificial Intelligence is the intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science which aims to create it. Textbooks define it as the study and design of intelligence agents, where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and take actions which maximize its chances of success. The field was founded on the claim that human intelligence can be so precisely described that it can be stimulated by a machine. The discipline of Artificial Intelligence was born in the summer of 1956. Half of a century has passed, and Artificial Intelligence has come a long way since its beginning. It has turned intoan important field, whose influence on our daily day lives can hardly be overestimated. Many specialized Artificial Intelligence systems exist that are at work in our cars, in our laptop computers, and in our personal and commercial technologies. There is no doubt that the impact of Artificial Intelligence on our lives in the future will become even more general and universal.Passage 33 IdiomsAn idiom is defined as a group of words whose meaning must be known as a whole, because it cannot be learned from the meaning of the same words used separately. Obviously, there is a problem when you cannot look up individual words in a dictionary and find the meaning, the usual strategy we all employ when we come across a word or words that areunfamiliar. With idioms, however, we must learn the group of words. In everyday English, idioms are in common use. In fact, idioms are so common that most native speakers do not even realize that they are using idioms. It is particularly important to recognize idioms when you hear them or read them. When you are able to use them comfortably in your own speech and writing, and then you have achieved a higher level of mastery and fluency in the language.Passage 35 Effect of Cell phonesCell phones are unavoidable part of daily life. Even if you do not own one yourself, you are exposed to them all the time whenever you enter the public areas. Most people think of their cell phones as something that they “just could not live without.” Make sure you are informed about the potential health hazards associated with cell phoneuse that the cell phone companies do not want you to know. While studies are not conclusive, scientists are beginning to suspect that cell phone use could contribute to everything from headache to brain cancer. This is because cell phones emit electromagnetic waves and small amounts of radiation. While research done in the 1990’s indicated that the radiation using a cell phone could expose you to is not really enough to do any damage, many experts are now abolishing that opinion. They recommend that, at the very least, children, teens and young adults avoid using cell phones except inemergencies.。

人教版必修第四册Unit 1 Science Fiction writing学案(含答案)

选择性必修四Unit 1 Write a Science Fiction本单元的写作项目是写一篇科幻故事,属于开放式作文的一种,一般给出一段材料,要求我们充分发挥想象力来拓展原材料内容,运用逻辑推理的方法,沿着材料的纵横方向延伸,给故事添加开头、结尾或中间过程。

想象必须合理而且内容丰富,要抓住主题,运用恰当的词汇、句型与语句间的连接成分写出连贯的表达语言要流畅、具有美感。

一.基本结构第一部分:简要介绍背景,引入话题;第二部分:具体描述故事发展的过程和结果;第三部分:表达希望或感受;二．常用相关词汇短语积累1.___________________n.先进___________________adj.先进的；高级的2.___________________adj.方便的___________________adv.方便地___________________adj.不方面的3.___________________n.系统___________________adj.系统的4.___________________adj.有前途的5.___________________n.技术___________________adj.技术的6.___________________adj.人工的；人造的7.___________________n.智力___________________adj.智利的8.___________________n.计划；项目9.___________________n.功能___________________adj.功能的10.___________________n.芯片11.___________________adj.自动的___________________adv.自动地12.___________________n.模型13.___________________n.软件14.___________________adj.电子的15.___________________n.控制板16.___________________v.分析___________________n.分析___________________n.分析（复数）17.___________________v.装备___________________n.装备（不可数）___________________v.装备（过去式）18.___________________v.创造___________________adj.创新的___________________n.创新19.___________________v.发明___________________n.发明___________________n.发明家20.___________________n.操纵杆21.___________________v/n.研究22.___________________n.工程师23.___________________n.机器人24.___________________n.先锋25.___________________v.克隆26.___________________v.替代27.___________________v.揭示28._______________________________大数据29._______________________________人造器官30._______________________________虚拟现实31._______________________________与..保持同步32._______________________________产生；形成33.______________________________（被）控制住34.______________________________有需求35.______________________________使..复活；恢复生机36.______________________________成为现实37.______________________________科幻小说三.常用相关句式积累1. Have you ever thought about ______________________________________________________?你有没有想过未来50年拥有机器人的生活?2. We can imagine _________________________________________________________________.我们可以想象每件事都会轻而易举地自动完成。

tem4答案

答案：练习1 答案及部分题目详解1. 【答案】C【译文】有一大群示威者在抗议战争（的爆发）。

【试题分析】词语辨析题。

【详细解答】to protest against ... 意为“抗议，反对”。

to protect ... (from ...) 意为“保护……（使之不受……）”。

to preserve 意为“保护，防护，维护”。

to prosecute 意为“对……起诉；进行，坚持下去”。

2. 【答案】D【译文】我恐怕不得不谢绝她的晚会邀请。

试题分析】词语辨析题。

【详细解答】decline 意为“婉谢，谢绝”，指对别人的邀请、帮助等比较委婉地回绝。

refuse 意为“拒绝”，指对别人的要求、请求等比较直率的，有时比较不客气的拒绝。

refute 意为驳斥，反驳。

ignore 意为“忽视，忽略，不3. 【答案】D【译文】我昨天买的大衣一点也不贵，事实上，花两倍的价钱买它我都愿意。

【试题分析】本题考察表示倍数和比较的用法。

【详细解答】本句实际上隐含了一个又“as...as...”引导的比较状语从句。

完整的句子是“I would gladly have paid twice as much as I paid for it”。

当有表示倍数的词时，要放在“as...as...”比较级之前。

4. 【答案】B【译文】由于电池耗尽了，他的汽车发动不了。

【试题分析】动词短语辨析题。

【详细解答】run down 意为“（动力等）耗尽；（身体）衰弱，疲乏；（钟表）停了，(使)失灵”。

run up 意为“升起（旗帜）；欠下（钱财）”。

run over意为“撞倒，辗过”。

run off意为“撵走，吓跑”。

5. 【答案】A【译文】如果没有事实依据，我们就不能形成正确的主张，因为我们要把想法建立在事实的基础上【试题分析】介词＋关系代词＋不定式作后置定语。

【详细解答】此句需要一个后置定语来修饰factual knowledge，根据句意应是base our thinking (upon) on factual knowledge，因此应使用“介词＋关系代词＋不定式”的结构作后置定语。

英语专业四级TEM-4（GrammarVocabulary）模拟150题及答案

英语专业四级TEM-4（GrammarVocabulary）模拟150题及答案1._____ all our kindness to help her, Sara refused to listen.A. AtB. InC. ForD. On2. ____ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.A. Had they arrivedB. Would they arriveC. Were they arrivingD. Were they to arrive3. ____ conflict among city-states caused the eventual decline of Greek civilization.A. ContinuousB. ContinualC. ConstantD. Contrary4. ____ he's already heard the news.A. Chances areB. Chance isC. Opportunities areD. Opportunity is5.____ his knowledge and academic background, he is basically stupid.A. But forB. According toC. For allD. Thanks to6. ____ man can now create radioactive elements, there is nothing he can do to reduce their radioactivity.A. AsB. WhetherC. WhileD. Now that7. ____ of the burden of ice, the balloon climbed up and drifted to the South.A. To be freeB. To freeC. FreeingD. Freed8. ____ should any money be given to a small child.A. On no accountB. From all accountC. Of no accountD. By all account9.____ the advances of the science, the discomforts of old age will no doubt always be with us.A. As forB. DespiteC. ExceptD. Besides10. ____ the claim about German economic might, it is somewhat surprising how relatively small the German economy actually is.A. To giveB. GivenC. GivingD. Having given11. ____ the sight of the police officers, the men ran off.A. InB. AtC. OnD. With12. ____ the wall, we decided that we should need three tins of paint.A. Making upB. Doing upC. Putting upD. Sizing up13. ____ the whole, early American city planning was excellent.A. InB. FromC. OnD. Above14. ____ we are having these days!B. What lovely weathersC. What lovely weatherD. What lovely a weather15. ____, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.A. Other things being equalB. Were other things equalC. To be equal to other thingsD. Other things to be equal16. ____, he does not love her.A. As he likes her very muchB. Though much he likes herC. Much although he likes herD. Much though he likes her17. A drunk man walked in, ____ in appearance.A. repulsiveB. reluctantC. reproachfulD. reputed18. A good many houses ____ knocked down by the earthquake.A. wasB. wereC. isD. are19. A good teacher must know how to ____ his ideas.A. conveyB. displayC. consultD. confront20. A large part of human activity, particularly in relation to the environment, is ____ conditions or events.A. in response toB. in favor ofC. in contrast toD. in excess of21. A love marriage, however, does not necessarily ____ much sharing of interests and responsibilities.22. A man has to make _____ for his old age by putting aside enough money to live on when old.A. supplyB. assuranceC. provisionD. adjustment23. A river _____ through the narrow wooded valley below.A. extendsB. poursC. expandsD. twists24. A writer has to ____ imagination as well as his experiences for his writing.A. drawing back fromB. draw inC. draw upD. draw on25. According to the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, wisdom comes from the _____ of maturity.A. fulfillmentB. achievementC. establishmentD. accomplishment26. After a concert tour in Asia, Canada and the U.S., he will _____ work on a five-language opera.A. confineB. indulgeC. resumeD. undergo27. After briefly ____ the history of the author, Prof. Li turned to the novel itself immediately.A. dipping inB. dipping atC. dipping intoD. dipping toAfter negotiation, the two countries ____ the terms of peace.A. agreed with29. After performing a successful operation, the doctor at last pulled the patient ____.A. backB. inC. upD. through30. After reading these books, he was _____ to the Darwinian theory of evolution.A. changedB. convertedC. transferredD. adjusted31. Airplane and television are among the ____ of science.A. masksB. martyrsC. marvelsD. marrow32. All experts agree that the most important consideration with diet drugs is carefully ____ the risks and benefits.A. weighingB. valuingC. evaluatingD. distinguishing33. Although Asian countries are generally more ____ in social customs than Western countries, there have been several notable examples of women leaders in both China and India.A. conservativeB. confidentialC. comprehensibleD. consistent34. Although he is very rich, his undutiful children are the ____ of his life.A. torchB. tormentC. topicD. topper35. Although he thought he was helping us to prepare the dinner, he was actually ____ the way.B. offC. byD. on36. Although most birds have only a negligible sense of smell, they have ____ vision.A. vigorousB. exactC. acuteD. vivid37. Although sports ____ the household, Joe drew the line when they interfered with family traditions and routine.A. overwhelmedB. affectedC. dominatedD. influenced38. Although the town had been ____ by the storm several times, little damage was done.A. attackedB. injuredC. harmedD. struck39. America will never again have as a nation the spirit of adventure as it ____ before the West was settled.A. couldB. wasC. wouldD. did40. Among the many subjects in school, mathematics is probably the most _____, depending least on a student's background and culture.A. universalB. abstractC. arbitraryD. concrete41. As a _____ actor, he can perform, sing, dance and play several kinds of musical instruments.A. flexibleB. versatileC. sophisticatedD. productive42. As a salesman, he works on a (an) _____ basis, taking 10% of everything he sells.B. commissionC. salaryD. pension43. As an excellent shooter, Peter practiced aiming at both _____ targets and moving targets.A. stationaryB. standingC. stableD. still44. As teachers we should concern ourselves with what is said, not what we think _____.A. ought to be saidB. must sayC. have to be saidD. need to say45. As the plane was getting ready to take off, we all _____ our seat belt.A. tiedB. lockedC. fastenedD. closed46. At first, the speaker was referring to the problem of pollution in the country, but halfway in her speech, she suddenly _____ to another subject.A. committedB. switchedC. favoredD. transmitted47. At no time _____ other countries.A. China will invadeB. will invade ChinaC. will China invadeD. invade will China48. Be here on Friday _____ the latest.A. atB. byC. forD. in49. Because the whole country is in a financial dilemma, the government calls on us to _____ economy.C. carryD. develop50. Before he started the work, I asked the builder to give me an _____ of the cost of repairing the roof.A. assessmentB. estimateC. announcementD. evaluation51. Beryl hardly ever goes to _____ the cinema.A. neither the theatre orB. either the theatre norC. neither the theatre norD. the theatre or52. Beside being expensive, the food tastes _____.A. badlyB. too much badC. too badlyD. bad53. Britain's press is unusual _____ it is divided into two very different types of newspaper: the quality press and the popular press.A. in howB. in whatC. in whichD. in that54. By moving the radar beam around slowly in circles, we can _____ the surroundings.A. exploreB. exposeC. exploitD. expand55. Cancer is second only _____ heart disease as a cause of death.A. ofB. toC. withD. from56. Care should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is _____ loud continuous noise.C. associated withD. attached to57. Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patients do not take drugs ______ directed.A. likeB. soC. whichD. as58. Changing from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances near it, and this ______ produces artificial cold surrounding it.A. absorptionB. transitionC. consumptionD. interaction59. Charles can't go to work today because he _____ a cold.A. hasB. feelsC. takesD. thinks60. Charles has not the least ______ of giving up his research.A. intentionB. decisionC. ideaD. hope61. Columbus' decision to sail west to reach the East _____ on his belief that the earth was round.A. existedB. satC. relaxedD. rested62. Despite the wonderful acting and well-developed plot the _____ movie could not hold our attention.A. three-hoursB. three-hourC. three-hours'D. three-hour's63. Difficulties can _____ a person's best qualities.C. bring aboutD. bring to64. Doctors sometimes _____ old cures when modern medicine doesn't work.A. fall onB. fall down onC. fall back onD. fall in upon65. Does brain power _____ as we get older? Scientists now have some surprising answers.A. descendB. declineC. deduceD. collapse66. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true _____ it comes to classroom tests.A. whenB. sinceC. beforeD. after67. Don't worry. The company will _____ all your expense.A. satisfyB. meetC. payD. submit68. Eventually, people spread throughout the continent, ______ the entire species.A. wiping outB. wiping awayC. wiping offD. wiping up69. Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to ______ healthy.A. preserveB. stayC. maintainD. reserve70. Faced with the ______ difficulties, they are determined to carry on their program.71. Fewer and fewer of today's workers expect to spend their working lives in the same field, ______ the same company.A. all elseB. much worseC. let aloneD. less likely72. Flying in an airplane was once thought to be an impossible ______.A. taskB. professionC. promiseD. contest73. Fresh vegetables are straight from the ______ and raw vegetables are ______.A. earth...cookedB. soil...uncookedC. floor...cookedD. ground...uncooked74. From this material we can _____ hundreds of what you may call direct products.A. deriveB. discernC. diminishD. displace75. Fruit is cheapest _____ season.A. atB. onC. inD. through76. Fruit pickers are paid at the _____ of '4.00 an hour.A. rateB. scaleC. sumD. value78. George wasn't in class today, Professor Brown excused him ______.A. from attendingB. of attendingC. to attendD. attending79. Class will _____ at a high temperature and will be in a liquid condition.A. dissolveB. disappearC. meltD. evaporate80. Hamlet _____ his father's death on his uncle.A. reversedB. revertedC. revengedD. revealed81. He _____ tennis every day since he ______ sixteen.A. has played... isB. played... has beenC. was playing...has beenD. has been playing...was82. He appeared _____ with our team's performance.A. satisfyingB. to be satisfyingC. to satisfyD. satisfied83. He believed that the greatest of his _____ was that he'd never had a college education.A. grievesB. misfortunesC. disastersD. sorrows84. He delivered _____ orders for a Chinese restaurant for the whole summer vacation so as to earn enough money for his tuition.85. He does not _____ as a teacher of English as his pronunciation is terrible.A. equalB. matchC. qualifyD. fit86. He finished _____ in the 1,500-meter run.A. championB. championshipC. firstD. No. one87. He has been asked to account _____ his absence.A. forB. onC. ofD. about88. He has failed me so many times that I no longer place any _____ on what he promises.A. faithB. beliefC. creditD. reliance89. He is _____ the run from the police.A. inB. offC. onD. after90. He is an artist with seemingly unlimited _____.A. creativityB. creatureC. creationD. creative91. He knows the rules but does not know how to ______ it.D. run92. He made a ____ inspection of the doors and the windows before leaving.A. slowlyB. leisurelyC. carefullyD. seriously93. He made such a _____ contribution to the university that they are naming one of the new building after him.A. genuineB. minimumC. modestD. generous94. He must have had an accident, or he _____ then.A. would have been hereB. had to be hereC. should be hereD. would be here95. He often sat in a small bar drinking considerably more than _____.A. he was in good healthB. his health was goodC. his good health wasD. was good for his health96. He pointed out that the living standard of urban and _____ people continued to improve.A. remoteB. municipalC. ruralD. provincial97. He said nothing at all, but his eyes spoke _____ him.A. forB. upC. outD. against98. He took me _____ task for not doing it.C. toD. on99. He used examples to _____ his argument.A. strengthenB. increaseC. fixD. underline100. He was here _____ the stroke.A. inB. onC. withD. to101. He was one of the greatest writers _____ had ever lived.A. whoB. whichC. thatD. as102. He would try to ingratiate himself _____ his clients in order to earn more money.A. intoB. withC. forD. from103. Her address made a great impression _____ the audience.A. atB. ofC. inD. on104. Here is one of the most interesting novels that _____ been published _____ the war.A. has ... afterB. have ... afterC. have ... sinceD. has ... since105. His companions have threatened to _____ his crimes to the police.106. His extravagance reduced him _____ for his living.A. to begB. from beggingC. to beggingD. into begging107. His death _____ with age.A. deterioratedB. determinedC. detectedD. detained108. His long service with the company was _____ with a present.A. admittedB. acknowledgedC. attributedD. accepted109. His novel _____ some light on life in China in Ming Dynasty.A. sendsB. providesC. throwsD. puts110. His tastes and habits _____ with those of his wife.A. combineB. competeC. coincideD. compromise111. His wife is quite lazy. Her reluctance to wash her own clothes is a case _____ point.A. inB. onC. toD. for112. His work is only _____, certainly not distinguished.113. Hot metal _____ as it grows cooler.A. contractsB. reducesC. condensesD. compresses114. Housewives who do not go out to work often feel they are not working to their full _____.A. capacityB. strengthC. lengthD. possibility115. How close parents are to their children _____ a strong influence on the character of the children.。

TEM-4真题作文部分

(TEM-4 2001)PART VI WRITINGSECTION A COMPOSITIONTravel has become part of our life . And more and more of us have come to know the significance of travel through our own experience.Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a composition of about 200 words on the following topic :Travel Broadens the MindYou are to write in three parts.In the first part , state what the topic actually means to you .In the second part , give one or two examples to illustrate your ideas.In the last part , bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.Marks will be awarded for content , organization , grammar and appropriateness . Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.SECTION B NOTE-WRITINGWrite on ANSWER SHEET TWO a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation : Yesterday you failed to turn up for the appointment with your teacher , Professor Wang . Write him a note of apology and make a request for another meeting . You should also suggest the time for the requested meeting .Marks will be awarded for content , organization , grammar and appropiateness.Travel Broadens the Mind写作指南此题是给定明确观点型的题目，一般情况下，考题先提出一个话题，并给定了关于这个话题的一种明确的观点，要求考生以这个给定的观点作为文章的中心思想（论点）进行论证。

专业四级_2006(完形填空和单项选择)

专业四级(TEM-4 2006)There are many superstitions in Britain, but one of the most (31) held is that it is unlucky to walk under a ladder——even if it means (32) the pavement into a busy street!(33) you must pass under a ladder you can (34) bad luck by crossing your fingers and (35) them crossed until you have seen a dog.(36) , you may lick your finger and (37) a cross on the toe of your shoe, and not look again at the shoe until the (38) has dried.Another common (39) is that it is unlucky to open an umbrella in the house——it will either bring (40) to the person who opened it or to the whole (41) .Anyone opening an umbrella in fine weather is (42) ,as it inevitably brings rain!The number 13 is said to be unlucky for some, and when the 13th day of the month (43) on a Friday,anyone wishing to avoid a bad event had better stay (44) .The worst misfortune that can happen to a person is caused by breaking a mirror, (45) it brings seven years of bad luck!The superstition is supposed to (46) in ancient times, when mirrors were considered to be tools of the gods.Black cats are generally considered lucky in Britain, even though they are (47) witchcraft.It is (48) lucky if a black cat crosses your path——although in America the exact opposite belief prevails.Finally, a commonly held superstition is that of touching wood (49) luck.This measure is most often taken if you think you have said something that is tempting fate,such as “my car has never (50) , touch wood?”31. A. broadly B. widely C. quickly D. speedily32. A. running from B. jumping off C. stepping off D. keeping from33. A. If B. As C. Though D. Unless34. A. erase B. remove C. avoid D. ease35. A. keep B. keeping C. kept D. to keep36. A. Consequently B. However C. Comparatively D. Alternatively37. A. make B. print C. perform D. produce38. A. label B. symbol C. mark D. cut39. A. argument B. superstition C. opinion D. idea40. A. loss B. difficulty C. tragedy D. misfortune41. A. house B. household C. home D. circle42. A. unwise B. unintelligent C. unpopular D. unfortunate43. A. falls B. arrives C. drops D. happens44. A. away B. outdoors C. indoors D. far45. A. when B. as C. if D. though46. A. have originated B. be originating C. be originated D. originate47. A. concerned about B. related with C. associated with D. connected in48. A. especially B. specially C. frequently D. rarely49. A. as B. for C. in D. of50. A. broken up B. broken off C. broken away D. broken down译文：英国有很多迷信的说法，其中最为广泛流传的是在梯子下走过会带来厄运，即使这意味着行人得离开人行道，走到川流不息的行车道。

【精品】：154英语

154新题[1] Which signal of the follwings is not provided with onboard lifeboat? 哪种信号救生艇不配备？A. Rocket parachute signalsB. Buoyant smoke signalsC. Hand flare signalsD. Self-igniting signals答案：D Self-igniting signals自动点火信号（记忆题）[2]According to IMO regulations,______shall be posed outside lifeboat? 救生艇外面应安放 A. the retro-reflective tapes B. the reflective tapesC. the flashing bandsD. the anti-flashing bands答案：A）反光带 (the retro-reflective tapes) （记忆题）[3]Which one of the following is not required on survival crafts? 救生筏上哪一个不做要求？A.Anti-seasickness medicineB.Immersion suitsC.axesD.lifebuoys答案：D. lifebuoys救生圈（记忆题）[4]Have the safety belts for _______been examined?全封闭式救生艇的安全带已经检查过了吗？A.total enclosed lifeboatsB.totally enclosing lifeboatsC.totally enclosed lifeboatsD.total encloseing lifeboats答案：C. totally enclosed 全封闭式lifeboats[5]The fire-protected lifeboats are found________. (经检查)发现防火救生艇状况A.in satisfactorily conditionB.satisfactorilyC.satisfactoryD.satisfactored答案：C. satisfactory令人满意[6]We test the water spray fire protection system of fire-protected lifeboats every3 months, ______ the abandon ship drill. 我们每三个月测试防火救生艇的喷水防火系统，bining withbined withbining tobined to答案：B. combined with (the abandon ship drill) 连同弃船训练。

TEM-4题库 3及答案(完形填空)

?ＴＥＭ－４题库３及答案（完形填空）The passage has 15 blanks. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Passage 3Who won the World cup 1998 football game? What happened at the United Nations? How did the critics like the new play? 31)______ an event takes place, newspapers are on the streets giving the details. Wherever anything happens in the world, reporters are on the spot to gather the news. Newspapers have one basic32)______, to get the news as quickly as possible from its source, from those who make it to those who want to33)______ it. Radio, telegraph, television, and 34)______ inventions brought competition for newspapers. So did the development of magazines and other means of communication. 35)______, this competition merely spurred the newspapers on. They quickly make use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the 36)______ and thus the efficiency of their own operations. Today more newspapers are 37)______ and read than ever before. Competition also led newspapers to branch out into many other fields. Besides keeping readers 38)______ of the latest news, today’s newspapers educate and influence readers about politics and other important and serious matters. Newspapers influence readers’ economic choices 39)______ advertising. Most newspapers depend on advertising for their very 40)______. Newspapers are sold at a price that 41)______ even a small fraction of the cost of production. The main 42)______ of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. The success in selling advertising depends on a newspaper’s value to advertisers. This 43)______ in terms of circulation. How many people read the newspaper? Circulation depends somewhat on the work of the circulation department and on the services or entertainment 44)______ in a newspaper’s pages. But for the most part, circulation depends on a newspaper’s value to readers as source of information 45)______ the community, city, country, state, nation and world and even outer space.31.A. Just when?B. While?C. Soon after?D. Before32.A. reason?B. cause C. problem?D. purpose33.A. make?B. publish C. know?D. write34.A. another?B. other C. one another?D. the other35.A. However?B. And?C. Therefore?D. So36.A. value?B. ratio C. rate?D. speed37.A. spread?B. passed?C. printed?D. completed38.A. inform?B. be informed C. to be informed?D. informed39.A. on?B. through C. with?D. of40.A. forms?B. existence C. contents?D. purpose41.A. tries to cover?B. manages to cover?C. fails to cover?D. succeeds in42.A. source?B. origin?C. course?D. finance43.A. measures?B. measured?C. is measured?D. was measured44.A. offering?B. offered?C. which offered?D. to be offered45.A. by?B. with?C. at?D. about答案；31. C?32. D?33. C?34. B?35. A 36. D?37. C?38. D?39. B?40. B 41. C?42. A?43. C?44. B?45. D。

脲基润滑脂的结构及反应机理的研究

收稿日期:2000201204　通讯联系人:杨　玮文章编号:100128719(2000)0420038205脲基润滑脂的结构及反应机理的研究杨　玮,姚立丹,郑善伟(石油化工科学研究院,北京100083)摘要:脲基润滑脂是一种以矿油为基础油、以异氰酸酯与有机胺合成的聚脲为稠化剂的润滑脂。

利用电子显微镜(SE M )、红外光谱(FT 2I R )和差热分析(D TA )研究了它的内部结构。

在脲基润滑脂的制备中,观察到了从反应开始经历升温膨化最终到反应结束过程中的内部结构变化,并判断出脲基润滑脂分子间是以氢键连接的。

同时,考察了脲基润滑脂内部结构对滴点的影响。

关　键　词:脲;润滑脂;氢键;质谱;电镜;红外光谱中图分类号:T E 62614 文献标识码:A脲基润滑脂是一种以有机化合物为稠化剂的润滑脂,具有热稳定性好、抗氧化性强等特性。

已广泛应用于钢铁、汽车等对润滑脂要求十分苛刻的机械设备上。

各国研究人员已经开发研制出许多种聚脲润滑脂[1～3],他们主要侧重于润滑脂配方及工艺的研究,以使脲基润滑脂的性能有很大提高。

但是,对于脲基润滑脂在热处理过程中结构的变化及其对润滑脂性能的影响,未见公开报道。

脲基润滑脂的结构是直接影响其理化性能的因素,研究它在热处理过程中的变化,不仅可以作为判断润滑脂理化性能的依据,而且也有利于配方及工艺研究,具有重要的指导意义。

笔者应用多种分析手段对脲基润滑脂的结构进行了分析研究,并且考察了脲基润滑脂的内部结构对滴点的影响。

1　实验部分111　脲基润滑脂的制备采用直接法制备脲基润滑脂。

在100l 釜中将有机胺混熔于基础油中,加热至50℃,再将熔化于基础油中的异氰酸酯投入釜内,在一定的搅拌速度下反应,继续加热至最高炼制温度180℃,停止加热,恒温1h 。

112　样品采集从反应开始至加热到最高炼制温度期间,按表1所列出的取样条件及顺序采集试样。

113　样品分析采用宽温度滴点法(GB T 3498)测定样品系列的滴点。

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• After working for the film for ten yeears,he finally＿＿the rank of deputy director. • A.achieved B.approached • C.attained D.acquired
• 选C.achieve，attain和acquire都有“获得，完成” 的意思。所不同的是，attain常用于经过长时间的尝试后且一般人的能力不易达到的目的。本句符合attain的使用语境。而achieve强调通过努力而达到目的，例：It takes hard work to achieve success.acquire意为“得到，获得”;approach意为“靠近，接近”。
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• _____ what he can do. He might get a job tomorrow. He might stay out of work for weeks. • A. We didn’t know • B. He doesn’t know • C. There is no knowing • D. It was known that • 选C.There is/was no knowing/telling...意意没法知道或说等” 为“没法知道或说等”。
• The drunken husband knocked against the table and sent the bowls _____ in all directions before he was • sent _____ by his wife. • A. flying; to sleep B. flying; sleeping C. to fly; to sleeping D. to fly; to sleep • 选A.send sb./sth. doing意为“使 ……快速移动”; • send sb. to sleep意为“使某人入睡”,其中 to 为介词,sleep为名词。