工程管理专业英语第2课 Organizing for Project Management PPT课件
工程管理专业英语大纲
《工程管理专业英语》教学大纲课程编号：00001701课程中文名称：工程管理专业英语课程英文名称：Professional English for Engineering Management总学时：48 实验学时：0 上机学时：0学分：3适用专业：一、课程性质、目的和任务本课程是工程管理专业的专业选修课。
通过本课程的学习，使学生既能掌握工程项目管理专业术语，又能培养和提高学生阅读与笔译专业英语文献的能力，并了解国外工程管理领域最新发展动态和前沿知识，还能够开拓其专业视野，为日后从事相关的工程管理工作和理论研究打下坚实的基础。
掌握工程管理专业英语所要求的知识。
二、课程教学内容及基本要求第一章1．教学内容：The Owner’s Perspective2．基本要求（1）The Project Life Cycle(重点)（2）Major Types of Construction3．学时分配：4学时第二章1．教学内容：Organizing for Project Management2．基本要求（1）What is Project Management?（2）Professional Construction Management3．学时分配：4学时第三章1．教学内容：The Design and Construction Process2．基本要求（1）Design and Construction as an Integrated System(重点)（2）Design Methodology3．学时分配：学时第四章1．教学内容：Worker, Material and Equipment Utilization2．基本要求（1）Factors Affecting Job-Site Productivity（2）Material Procurement and Delivery3．学时分配：学时第五章1．教学内容：Cost Estimation2．基本要求（1）Approaches to Cost Estimation（2）Types of Construction Cost Estimates3．学时分配：学时第六章1．教学内容：Economic Evaluation of Facility Investments2．基本要求（1）Basic Concepts of Economic Evaluation（2）Investment Profit Measures（重点难点）3．学时分配：学时第七章1．教学内容：Financing of Constructed Facilities2．基本要求（1）The Financing Problem（2）Institutional Arrangements for Facility Financing3．学时分配：学时第八章1．教学内容：Construction Pricing and Contracting2．基本要求（1）Pricing for Constructed Facilities（2）Contract Provisions for Risk Allocation3．学时分配：学时第九章1．教学内容：Construction Planning2．基本要求（1）Basic Concepts in the Development of Construction Plans （2）Choice of Technology and Construction Method（重点难点）3．学时分配：学时第十章1．教学内容：Fundamental Scheduling Procedures2．基本要求（1）Relevance of Construction Schedules（2）The Critical Path Method3．学时分配：学时第十一章1．教学内容：Advanced Scheduling Techniques2．基本要求Scheduling with Uncertain Durations3．学时分配：学时第十二章1．教学内容：Cost Control, Monitoring and Accounting2．基本要求The Cost Control Problem3．学时分配：学时第十三章1．教学内容：Quality Control and Safety During Construction2．基本要求Quality and Safety Concerns in Construction3．学时分配：学时第十四章1．教学内容：Organization and Use of Project Information2．基本要求Types of Project Information3．学时分配：2学时三、教材及教学参考书教材：徐勇戈．《工程管理专业英语》．中国建筑工业出版社，2006年.参考书：。
工程管理专业英语 第2课教学文稿
因此，图2-1中的显示反映了项目管理框架演变的唯一来源。
6
第六段
Specifically, project management in construction encompasses a set of objectives which may be accomplished by implementing（实施） a series of operations subject to resource constraints.
5
For example, computer-based information system and decision support systems are now commonplace tools for general management.
例如，计算机信息系统和决策支持系统是现在管理的一般工 具。
一般来说，项目管理是区别于一般以任务为导向项目性质的 企业管理。
A project organization will generally be terminated when the mission is accomplished.
项目组织一般是任务完成时项目便终止。 According to the Project Management Institute, the discipline of
工程管理专业英语第二版
Unit 1 The Owner’s Perspective
1.2 Major Types of Construction
Since most owners are generally interested in acquiring only a specific type of constructed facility, they should be aware of the common industrial practices for the type of construction pertinent to them.
Unit 1 The Owner’s Perspective
1.3 Selection of Professional Services
When an owner decides to seek professional services for the design and construction of a facility, he is confronted with a broad variety of choices. The type of services selected depends to a large degree on the type of construction and the experience of the owner in dealing with various professionals in the previous projects undertaken by the firm. Generally, several common types of professional services may be engaged either separately or in some combination by the owners.
工程管理专业英语(2)
Chapter 2
GENERAL PROVISIONS
工程建设活动中的各方
（1） 业主（Owner, Employer, Client……）
——对工程项目有决策权和所有权的一方。 可以是：政府部门、社会法人、企业法人、个人。 （2） 承包商（Contractor）
“合同”指合同协议书、中标函、投标函、本 合同条件、规范、图纸、资料表、以及在合同协 议书或中标函中列明的进一步的文件（如果有的 话）。
1.1.1.3Letter of Acceptance
1.1.1.3 “中标函”系指雇主签署的正式接受投标函 的信件，包括其所附的含有双方间签署的协议的 任何备忘录。如无此类中标函，则“中标函”一 词系指合同协议书，发出或收到中标函的日期系 指签署合同协议书的日期。
1.General provisions
1.1.1 The Constract
1.1.1.1 “Contract” Means the Contract Agreement, the Letter of Acceptance, the Letter of Tender, these Conditions, the Specification, the Drawings, the Schedules, and the further documents(if any) which are listed in the Contract Agreement or in the Letter of Acceptance.
Conditions of Contract for Construction
工程管理专业英语(全部单元都在里面)
Specialized English for Construction Management
Lectured by Yiyi Mo 主讲：莫懿懿 Email:myy_11@
本课程学习目的
□ 通过该课程的学习，要求学生完成100，000单词 的阅读量， □ 掌握或熟悉1000个工程管理常用专业词汇， □ 达到每小时250单词的英译中速度， □ 具备工程管理科技论文的译/写能力， □ 初步具备专业英语的对话能力， □ 为毕业设计的专业阅读和以后从事科学研究及工 程打下坚实的基础。
另:科技文体所述的是客观规律，尽量避免使用第一、第二 人称。 Exam. 炉壁采用耐火砖可大大降低热耗。 译文1：If you use firebricks round the walls of the boiler, the heat loss can be considerably reduced. 译文2：The heat loss can be considerably reduced by the use of firebricks round the walls of the boiler. 译文3：the use of firebricks round the boiler can considerably reduce the heat loss.
2、广泛使用被动句
□ 科技文章侧重叙事推理，强调客观准确。 □ 使用被动句的情况：不必说出主语、不愿说出主语或说不 出主语。科技文体往往是前后两种。 Exam. Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine. You must pay attention to the working temperature of the machine. 译文：要注意机器的工作温度。 Exam. 中美之间已经建立了外交关系。 译文：Diplomatic relations have been established between China and the United States of America. Exam. 他提议各班之间开展友谊竞赛。 译文：He proposed that a friendly emulation drive be started among the different classes.
工程管理专业英语unit
3
谈判英语的应用场景
谈判英语广泛应用于工程项目合作、国际贸易、 商务交流等领域，是工程管理专业人员必备的技 能之一。
04
Engineering Management Professional English Practice
Case Analysis
Case preparation
Provide background information and prepare necessary documents for students to understand the case.
Engineering Management Professional English Unit
contents
目录
• introduction • Fundamentals of English in
Engineering Management • Application of English in
Simulation monitoring
Monitor the progress of the simulation and provide guidance and assistance when needed.
ABCD
Simulation implementation
Provide necessary tools and resources for students to carry out the simulation.
English-written technical documents
and reports in the field of engineering
management.
Objective 4
工程管理英语Unit-2
项目企划 工程师会计学 工程法规
English for Construction Project Management
Unit Two Emerging role of management in civil engineering
Contents
Vocabulary Key
Structures
Questions
我们很高兴地看到，我们的道路网正在完善中。（名词转译成副词）
English for Construction Project Management
Unit Two Emerging role of management in civil engineering
Contents
Vocabulary Key
Contents
Vocabulary Key
Structures
Questions
（2）常见英语从句的译法
1）定语从句的译法
a 译成前置定语
A drainage blanket is a layer of material that has a very high coefficient of permeability.
1. criterions
Accuracy Smooth Concise and clear
English for Construction Project Management
Unit Two Emerging role of management in civil engineering
Contents Vocabulary
那条高速公路的施工期已经比原计划推迟了15天。（副词转译成动词）
c 转译成形容词 （名词、动词、副词……）
工程管理专业英语翻译
Chapter 2 Organizing for Project Management 2.1What is Project Management?The management of construction projects knowledge of modern management as well as an understanding of the design and construction process. Construction projects have a specific set of objectives and constraints such as a required time frame for completion. While the relevant technology, institutional arrangements or processes will differ, the management of such projects has mush in common with the management of similar types of projects in other specialty or technology domains such as aerospace，pharmaceutical and energy developments.[1]Generally, project management is distinguished from the general management of corporations by the mission-oriented nature of a project [2]. A project organization will generally be terminated when the mission is accomplished. According to the Project Management Institute, the discipline of project management can be defined as follows [3]:Project management is the art of directing and coordinating human and material resources throughout the life of a project by using modern management techniques to achieve predetermined objectives of scope, cost, time, quality and participation satisfaction.By contrast, the general management of business and industrial corporations assumes a broader outlook with greater continuity of operations[4].Nevertheless, there are sufficient similarities as well as difference between the two so that modern management techniques developed for general management may be adapted for project management.The basic ingredients for a project management framework may be represented schematically in Figue2-1. A working knowledge of general management and familiarity with the special knowledge domain related to the project are indispensable. Supporting disciplines such as computer science and decision science may also play an important role. In fact, modern management practices and various special knowledge domains have absorbed various techniques or tools which were once identified only with the supporting discipline [5]. For example, computer-based information systems and decision support systems are nom common-place tools for general management. Similarly, many operations research techniques such as linear programming and network analysis are now widely used in many knowledge or application domains[6]. Hence, the representation in Figure 2-1 reflects only the sources from which the project management framework evolves.Figure 2-1 Basic Ingredients in Project Management Specifically, project management in construction encomprasses a set of objectives which may be accomplished by implementing a series of operations subject to resource constraints [7].There arePotential conflicts between the stated objectives with regard to scope, cost, time and quality, and the constraints imposed on human, material and financial resources. These conflicts should be resolved at the onset of a project by making the necessary tradeoffs or creating new alternatives.Subsequently, the function of project management for construction generally include the following1.Specification of project objectives and plans including delineation of scope, budgeting, scheduling, setting performance requirements, and selecting project participants.2.Maximization of efficient resource utilization through procurement of labor,materials and equipment according to the prescribed schedule and plan[8].3.Implementation of various operations through proper coordination and control of planning, design, estimating, contracting and construction in the entire process [9].4.Development of effective communication and mechanisms for resolving conflicts among the various participants.The Project management Institute focuses on nine distinct areas requiring project management knowledge and attention:1.Project integration management to ensure that the various project elements areeffectively coordinated.2. Project scope management to ensure that all the work required(and only the required work ) is included.3. Project time management to provide an effective project schedule .4. Project cost management to identify needed resources and maintain budget control .5. Project quality management tu ensure functional requirements are met .6. Project human resource management to development and effectively employ project personnel .7. Project communications management to ensure effective internal and external communications .8. Project risk management to analyze and mitigate potential risks .9. Project procurement management to obtain necessary resources from external sources .These nine areas form the basis of the Project Management Institute’s certification program for project managers in any industry .Wordsdomain 领域aerospace 航天pharmaceutical 医药的distinguish 区别，区分mission-oriented 以目标（任务）为导向的predetermined 预定的continuity 连续的ingredient 组成部分，成分indispensable 不可或缺的framework 框架，构架discipline 纪律scope 范围common-place 常见的linear programming 线性规划onset 开始trade off 均衡，权衡schedule 进度delineation 叙述，说明maximization 最大化utilization 使用communication 沟通integration 综合，整合certification 认证Notes[1] in common with 指“有共同之处”。
工程管理专业英语Unit 2 课后作业
Unit 21. Why is Prequalification necessary for major projects and those involving international tendering?Since it can reduce the number of effective tenders and improve the possibility of acceptance. It also enables the Employer/Engineer to establish the competence of firms.2. What should be included in the specification?The Specification should include the definition of the scope and the technical requirements of the Contract, such as the quality of materials and the standards of workmanship to be provided by the Contractor, together with the extent, if any, to which the Contractor will be responsible for the design of the permanent works.3. Is it possible to provide a detailed complete set of drawings at tender stage? Why or why not?Yes, it is possible to provide a detailed complete set of drawings, if the work necessarily needs to be executed without any further drawings.4. What is the Bill of Quantities?The Bill of Quantities is a list of items giving descriptions and estimated quantities of work to be executed under the Contract.5. Why is the Tender the most important single document submitted by the tenderer?Because each tenderer confirms that he has read and understood the requirements of the Tender documents and states his tender sum for undertaking and fulfilling all his obligations under the Contract based on such requirements in his Tender.6. Why dose the tender sum agreed may vary during the execution of the project?The tender sum agreed may vary during the execution of the project because of the occurrence of following circumstances: the instruction of variations, the occurrence of unforeseen events, which in accordance with the Conditions of Contract entitle the Contractor to additional (or reduced) payment.7. What is the purpose of “Instructions to tenderers”?Their purpose is to convey information and instructions which apply during the tendering period.8. What should be included or stated under the heading “General” in“Instructions to Tenderers”?Under this heading should be included brief details of the organization (Government, Ministry, Department, Authority, etc.) calling for Tenders, together with an outline of the project to be covered by the Contract9. On what condition is the tenderer permitted to withdraw, modify or correct his Tender after dispatch?Only before the time set for receiving Tenders, had the Employerreceived the request for modification which tender provided in writing or by cable, telex or facsimile transmission, under which can the tendererwithdraw, modify or correct his Tender after dispatch.10. What is the supplementary information required to be submitted with the tender documents?Details of the proposed sureties for any performance security, general terms of insurance, the constitution of the tend erer’s organization together with the address to be used for the purposes of the Contract, a preliminary programme of work (the Instructions to Tenderers should give an indication of what is required) and a list of major items of Contractor’s Equipment req uired for the purpose of executing the works.11. What is the normal method for dealing with the explanations, revisions, additions or deletions to the documents issued to tenderers? Formal addenda.12. Why does the option to submit alternative Tenders make the evaluation process difficult?Because there may be some departures between the alternative Tender and the documents issued to tenderers.13. What are tenderers required to do in terms of currency/currencies they intent to use to submit their Tenders and payment they will receive?Tenderers are required to give notice to the Employer of the various currencies in which they may wish to be paid if the Contract is awarded to them.14. What is preferable if tenderers request part payment in one particular currency?There is no need to definite the exchange rate of the various currencies, if tenderers request part payment in one particular currency15. What will happen to the tender bond if the tenderer fails to provide a performance security within a Specified number of days?Usually the tender bond will be forfeited.16. What are the tasks of the Engineer in the evaluation of Tenders?There are two tasks of the Engineer in the evaluation of Tenders.The first task is to establish whether the Tenders are arithmetically correct and, if they are nor, how to overcome any errors.The second task is to check that the Tenders are responsive, that all the required information has been provided and that everything is consistent with the terms of the Tender documents.17. What Should the Engineer do if errors, Omissions or inconsistencies are apparent in Tenders?The Engineer shouldhold a meeting with the lowest tenderer, and possibly with one or two other tenderers, to clarify the position and to agree how to deal with the points in the event of an award.18. What should a letter of intent contain in most cases?It should state the conditionthat must be met before the award can be made19. What makes a binding Contract between the Employer and the potential Contractor in most cases?the Employer's Letter of Acceptance and the tender’s Tender will form a binding Contract between the two parties.20. Why is the Contract Agreement a requirement in some countries?Because in some countries, a Contract Agreement is a requirement of law to create a binding Contract irrespective of the existence of a Tender and a Letter of Acceptance.。
工程管理专业英语全文翻译
Unit 1 the owner’s perspective 第1单元业主的观点1.2 Major Types of Construction 1.2大建筑类型Since most owners are generally interested in acquiring only a specific type of constructed facility, they should be aware of the common industrial practices for the type of construction pertinent to them [1]. Likewise, the construction industry is a conglomeration of quite diverse segments and products. Some owners may procure a constructed facility only once in a long while and tend to look for short term advantages. However ,many owners require periodic acquisition of new facilities and/or rehabilitation of existing facilities. It is to their advantage to keep the construction industry healthy and productive. Collectively, the owners have more power to influence the construction industry than they realize because, by their individual actions, they can provide incentives for innovation, efficiency and quality in construction [2]. It is to the interest of all parties that the owners take an active interest in the construction and exercise beneficial influence on the performance of the industry.由于大多数业主通常只对获得特定类型的建筑设施感兴趣，所以他们应该了解与他们有关的建筑类型的常见工业实践[1]。
工管专业《英语Ⅱ》周历、测验
河海大学函授2017级工程管理专业《新发展英语Ⅱ》函授自学周历教材版本：┏新发展英语II ┗外语教学与研究出版社II[自学重点]自学教材，积累词汇；练习听说；训练阅读；学习英语应用文写作；了解英美文化。
[辅导建议]1 安排至少18课时面授辅导。
1-3课时 Unit 4,5,6 4-6课时 Unit 7,8,97-9 课时 Unit 10,11,12 10-12课时 Unit 2,5,713-16课时 Unit 8,10,11 17-18 课时 Reading Skill and Writing2 讲读Text A，分析多重难、长句，检查学生对文章大意的了解，可利用Part II阅读理解练习提问，以达到练习口语能力的目的。
3 辅导Part III作业，帮助完成较难的翻译练习。
认真检查学生的各单元书面作业。
4 按照第四册要求，训练英语应用文写作：议论文，说明文，图表作文，证明信，投诉信；5 有条件的函授站可组织学员看一、两部英文电影，以了解英美文化。
河海大学要求：1、测验卷做好后，分别装订，务必于集中面授时直接交给函授站班主任,由函授站统一集中寄给河海大学老师批改。
测验不交或迟交者无平时成绩，考试无效！禁止抄袭、雷同、复印，一旦查出以“不及格”论处。
2、各位函授生要克服一切困难，排除各种干扰，自我约束，按照各门课程教学周历的要求，抓紧平时自学。
大学的关键就是自学，以平时自学为主，仅仅靠集中上课的学习是完不成学业的。
河海大学函授本科工程管理专业《新发展英语Ⅱ》测验作业站名：安徽水院站2017级工管专业姓名学号成绩（告示：请各位同学一定要把姓名、学号和专业写清楚、写对，出现错误者作零分处理，特此告示）I . V ocabulary and Structure (30%)1.He found it hard to a job with an income 5000yuan a month.A. resistB. insistC. assistD. persist2.During rainy weather the school bus is late .A. the opposite is trueC. more time than notD. more often than not3.The library is closed for repairs..A. genuinelyB. literallyC. temporarilyD. actually4. She shoes to be a nurse and her whole life to her career.A. contributedB. attributedC. attainedD. devoted5. It was great to watch the football match in a stadium that held thousands of people.A. funB. fanC. funnyD. fancy6. The two young men except that they are both from the countryside.A. have something in commonB. have nothing in commonC. have nothing to do withD. have something to do with7. I fill in the form now, shouldn‟t IB. couldn‟tC. shouldD. shouldn‟t8. He has a large collection of novels, are written in EnglishA. any thatB. many of which D. among many that9.The police were tracking the criminal who was said in the forest.A. to have hiddenB. to be hiding D. to hide10.As a doctor, I am very interested in the medical . .A. magazineB. journalC. periodical11. John suggested anything about it until more facts were found outA. not to say C. to say not D. not saying12. In the eighteenth century, writers hours in coffee houses, discussing the news of the day.A. used to spending C. would be spending D. were used to spend13. The regular teacher is ill, so a (an) is here teaching us today.A. candidateB. applicant14. This project is known to for three months.A. having being going on C. have being going on D. be going on15. His theory is very difficult, and people understand it.A. fewB. fewer D. little16. The government is believed to be considering a law making it a crime to import any kink of weapon.A. to passB. passed D. passing17. Mrs. Johnson about the incident in front of the audience.B. had better not speakingC. would not like to speakD. had better not speak18.I prefer writing a term paper an examinationA. to takingB. to take D. that takes19.Most doctors recognize that medicine is .A. as art as much it is a scienceC. as an art as much it is a scienceD. as much an art as it is a science20 Susan wants to know whether the measures have been agreedA. toB. withC. overD. upon21 The team really looks good tonight because the coach had them every night this week.A. practiceB. to practiceC. practicedD. practicing22. Excuse me, but it is time to have your temperature .A. takingB. to takeC. takeD. taken23. Jane‟s dress is similar in design to her sister‟s.A. withB. likeC. toD. as24. it is you have found, you must give it back to the person it belongs to.A. ThatB. WhatC. WhateverD. However25. Consumers should do than simply complain about the poor quality of goods.A. much lessB. some moreC. far lessD. far more26. When I passed by the office, I heard my name .A. mentionedB. mentionC. be mentionedD. to mention27. It was after he had made a thorough investigation he came to know the truth.A. thatB. thenC. so thatD. therefore28. The man for his laziness, will surely suffer.A. knowingB. knownC. being knownD. having known29. A fence needs the support of three stakes, ?A. needn‟t itB. doesn‟t it D. isn‟t it30. Some of the greatest scholars are incapable when it comes to on their knowledge to others.A. passingB. passC. have it passed31 She was standing by an electric heater, and her nightdress fire.A. tookB. practicedC. caught32.In spite of the thunderstorm, the children slept all night..A. noisilyB. soundly D. naturally33. The farmers were more anxious for rain than the people in the city because they had more .A. at handB. at largeC. at stakeD. at ease34 Overwork often illness. You must be careful about your health now.A. induces C. introduces D. produces35. It is a great pity that many of the original manuscripts of Shapspeare‟s plays are no longer in ..A. evidenceB. distanceC. existenceD. resistanceII. Reading Comprehension.(40%)(1)Jim was intelligent, but he hated hard work. He said,” You work hard, and make a lot of money, and then the government takes most of it. I want easy work that gives me lots of money and that the government doesn‟t know about.”So he became a thief, but he did not do the stealing. He got others to do it. They were much less intelligent than he was, so he arranged everything and told them what to do.One day they were looking for rich families to rob，and Jim sent one of them to a large beautiful house just outside the town.It was evening, and when the man looked through one of the windows, he saw a young man and a girl playing on a piano.When he went back to Jim, he said,” That family can‟t have much money. Two people were playing on the same piano there.”31．What Jim can be said to be .A. an excuseB. a lie D. a truth32 Jim didn‟t do the stealing, .C. but he made stealing plans and gave ordersD. for he was afraid of being caught33. Where did one of the thieves go to do the stealing?A. to the villageB. to the countryC. to the cityD. to the town34. It can be concluded from the story that .A. Jim and his men didn‟t rob the familyB. the family they were going to bob was not rich in fact.C. the thief sent to the beautiful house was foolish enoughD. the young man and the girl were husband and wife(2)In order to be one‟s true self, it is necessary to obtain a wide and extensive knowledge of what has been said and done in the world.; critically to inquire into it; carefully to consider it; clearly to analyze it; and earnestly to carry it out.It matters not what you learn, but when you once learn a thing, you must never give it up until you have mastered it. It matters not what you inquire into, but when you once inquire into a thing, you must never give it up until you have thoroughly understood it. It matters not what you try to think of, but when you once try to think of a thing, you must never give it up until you have got what you want. It matters not what you try to carry out, but when you once try to carry out a thing, you must never give it up until you have done it thoroughly and well.If another man succeeds by one effort, you will use a hundred efforts. If another man succeed by ten efforts, you will use a thousand.36 .According to the author, first of all one must .A. analyzeB. inquireC. obtain knowledgeD. act37. When you try to do something, what matter is .A. not to care too much about itB. to act immediatelyC. to think carefully before you do itD. to carry it through to the end38 The end of learning should be . .A. thoughtB. masteryC. inquiryD. analysis39. According to the author, another man‟s success should .A. spur us on to greater effortsB. not be taken into considerationC. make us nervousD. cause one to stop trying40 The author implies but does not say that .A. the way to knowledge is through specializationB. one has to know everything to be successfulC. success depends not so much on natural ability as it does on effortD success in one‟s profession is least important in one‟s life(3)There are many kinds of ants in the world that always live in companies. They are the most hard workingcreatures and most of them make their nests under ground. The small black ants that we see running back and forth in the grass are the same ants that bother us by coming to our picnics uninvited. They are not trying to be harmful, but are only doing the house-keeping job they were made for. They are nurses‟ clean-up crew. One of these ants, scouting in the grass, finds the trail of an injured beetle. In some mysterious way the news spreads. Soon there are two ants, then a few more. Then a dozen or more are running around the beetle. Enough ants will come to put an end to it.Then the beetle is dead, the ants carry it away to their underground nests. They leave nothing in the grass but empty shell.39.According to this passage the black ants‟ job is to .A. kill a beetleB. clean up the grassC. help injured insectsD. enjoy our picnic40 As soon as an ant finds an injured inset, it .A. make friends with itB. kills itC. carries it away and eats it D lets other ants know41. More ants know about the beetle ..A. by smelling itB. by hearing the sounds it makes C from other ants D. from the injured beetle42 The ants clean the grass byA. carrying away everything but shellB. carrying away the whole beetleC. putting the whole beetle under the groundD. covering the beetle with leaves(4)Man …s first real invention, and one of the most important inventions in history, was the wheel. All transportation and every machine in the world depend on it.The wheel is the simplest yet perhaps the most remarkable of all inventions, because there are no wheels in nature---- no living thing was ever created with wheels. How, then, did man come to invent the wheel?Perhaps some early hunters found that they could roll the dead body of a heavy animal through the forest on logs more easily than they could carry it. However, the logs themselves weighed a lot.It must have taken a great prehistoric thinker to imagine two thin slices of log connected at their centers by a strong stick. This would roll along just as the logs did yet be much lighter and easier to handle. Thus the wheel and axle came into being, and with them the first carts.41. The wheel is important because .A. it was man‟s first real invention.B. all transportation depends on it.C every machine depends on it D. both B and C42 The wheel is described as .A. simpleB. complicatedC. strangeD. light43It was remarkable of man to invent the wheel because .A. it led to many other inventionsB. man had no use for it thenC. there were no wheel in natureD. it was very complicated44.This passage says that the first wheel might have been a .A. round piece of stoneB. heavy log45. The idea of making wheel might have come from .A. chasing an animalC. watching running animalsD. rolling the dead body of an animal on logs(5)People use money to buy food, books, bicycles and hundreds of other things they need. When they work they usually get paid in money.Most of the money used today is made of metal or paper. But in ancient times people used to use all kinds of things as money. One of the first kinds of money was shells.In China, cloth and knives were used as money. Elephant tusks, monkey tails and salt were used in some parts of Africa. Rice was also a kind of money used by the ancient people in some islands. Cows and other animals were used as money too.The first copper coins were made in China. They were round and had a square hole in the center. Different countries had used different metals for their money. Later some countries began to make coins of gold and silver. But gold and silver were heavy to carry when people need a lot of coins to buy something expensive. The Chinese were the first to use paper money. The first paper money looked more like a note from one paper to another than the paper money used today.47. People gave up gold and silver coins because . .A. they were too heavy C. they were easy to slip off D. they were useless48 first used paper money .A. IndiaB. AmericaC. FranceD. China49. African people used as money in ancient times. .A. cloth and knivesB. cows and other animalsC. copper coinsD. tusks, monkey tails and salt50. The best title for this passage is . .A. Paper Can Be Used as Money C. The History of MoneyD. Money in Ancient Times(6)When I was about six years old, my mother came home one day and found that I had collected half a dozen babies of the neighborhood---all of them too young to walk----and had them sitting before me on the floor while I was teaching them to wave their arms. When she asked the explanation of this, I informed her that it was my school of dance.She was amused, and placing herself at the piano, she began to play for me. This school continued and became very popular. Later on, little girls of the neighborhood came and their parents paid me a small sum to teach them. This was the beginning of what afterwards proved a very lucrative occupationMy mother took me to a famous ballet teacher, but his lesson did not please me. When the teacher told me to stand on my toes I asked him why, and when he replied “ Because it is beautiful,” I said it was ugly and against nature and after the third lesson I left his class, never to return. This stiff and commonplace gymnastics which he called dancing only disturbed my dream. I dreamed of a different dance. I did not know just what it would be, but I was feeling out towards an invisible world into which I guessed I might enter if I found the key.My art was already in me when I was a little girl, and it was owing to the heroic and adventurous spirit of my mother that it was not stifled. I believe that whatever the child is going to do in life should begin when it is very young. I wonder how many parents realize that by the so-called education they are giving their children, they are only driving them into the commonplace, and depriving them of any chance of doing anything beautiful or original.46.When her mother came home one day, the narrator of the story .A. was teaching half a dozen babies to danceC. was collecting babies of the neighborhoodD. was making babies of the neighborhood sit before her on the floor47. The attitude of the narrator‟s mother toward her school of dance was one of . .A. despiserB. contemptC. supportD. indifference48 The narrator thought the ballet was .A. the most graceful danceB. stiff, ugly and unnaturalC. a dance that she had dreamedD. an invisible world into which she guessed she might enter49.According to the narrator, she owed her success in art to . .A. the good education her parents gave herC. her inborn talentD. her ballet teacher50. The central idea of the passage is that .A. parents should try to discover the natural gift in their children and help to develop it while they are youngB. the so-called good education parents gave their children only drive then into the commonplaceC. mothers should be heroic and adventurousD. ballet is no good as a form of dance.(7)Languages are marvelously complex and wonderfully complicated organs of culture, they embody the quickest and the most efficient means of communicating within their respective culture. To learn a foreign language is to learn another culture. In the words of a poet and philosopher, “As many languages as one speaks, so many lives one lives.” A culture and its languages are as inseparable as brain and body; while one is a part of the other, neither can function without the other. In learning a foreign language, the best beginning is with the non-verbal linguistic elements of the language, its gestures, its body language. Eye contact is extremely important in English. Direct eye contact leads to understanding, or, as the English maxim has it, seeing eye-to-eye. We can never see eye-to-eye with a native speaker of English until we have learned to look directly into his eyes.31. The best title for this passage is .ans of Culture Seeing eye-to-eye Non-verbal Linguistic Elements32. According to this passage, the best way to learn a foreign language is .A.to read the works of poets and philosophers B、C、to begin by learning its body languageD、to visit a country where English is spoken33. According to this passage, gestures are .A.non-verbal as well as non-linguisticB.verbal and linguisticC.non-verbal but nevertheless linguisticD.verbal but nevertheless non-linguistic34. “As many languages as one speaks, so many lives one lives.” Means .A.If one learns many foreign languages, one will have a better understanding of his own language.B.Life is richer and more interesting if one knows several languages.C.No matter how many languages one knows, one can never know more than one‟s own cultureD.If a person speaks only one language, he will live a very happy life.35. What does the author imply but not state in the passage?A.To learn a foreign language is to learn a cultureB. A language cannot function without its particular cultureC.Seeing eye to eye is the best beginning of contactD.Eye contact is important for a foreign and a native English.III Cloze (10%)(1)Many Chinese students don‟t diverse enough attention 51 spoken English at school. They think it necessary to practice speaking English 52 class, but not out of class. Here is a story to show you how important 53 to speak the English language 54 in every day life.A foreigner once got 55 and went into a restaurant in London. He sat down 56 . When the writer came, he opened his mouth, put his fingers 57 it and took 58 out again in order to express that he wanted something to eat forhe could not speak 59 .60 his head. The waiter then took away the tea and brought a cup of coffee. The man again shook his head. The man tried again and again, but the waiter couldn‟t understand him. Finally another man came in. He spoke English clearly and fluently. In a few minutes, there was a large plate of meat and vegetables on the table before him..51. A. of B. in C. with D. to52. A. from B. into C. in D. on53. A. is it B. will it be C. it is D. should it be54. A. correct B. free C. freely D. right55. A. hunger B. hungry C. angry D. sleepy56. A. at a table B. on the table C. at the table D. on the table57 A. upon B. into C. to D onto58. A. them B. it C. his D. its59. A. Japanese B. French C. Chinese D. English60. A. shake B. shaking C. shock D. shook(2)How important is your 51 ? 52 everyone wants to be good-looking, are beautiful people always happier than the ordinary people? For example, it must be a problem to be a really beautiful woman, because some men may be 53 interested in looking at you than 54 to you. They think of you as a picture 55 a person. There are also some people who think that women who are 56 pretty and men who are particularly handsome 57 be stupid. They think so probably 58 those beautiful women and handsome men play 59 attention to their appearance, and they spend little time 60 something. They believe that only 61 people can be intelligent. The intelligence can 62On 63 hand, no one wants to be really ugly, and have a face that 64 your mother doesn‟t want to look at; and no to be 65 either; that is to be neither attractive and have a face that is 66 forgotten.67 attractive is like being rich: it can help you find happiness, but it doesn‟t always make you happy. So maybe the best thing is not to worry too much about 68 your look, 69 simply try to be an interesting person. For interesting people have interesting faces, and interesting faces are almost 70 attractive.51. A. wealth B. appearance C .status D. position52. A. But B. As C. Although D. Therefore53. A. greatly B. very C. much D. more54. A. responding B. talking C. laughing D. writing55. A. rather than B. rather C. than D. instead56. A. excitedly B. equally C. exceptionally D. entirely57. A. must B. can C. need D. would58. A. why B. since C that D. because59. A. much too B .too much C. little D. too many60. A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learned61. A. unwise B. wise C. attractive D. unattractive62. A. make up for B. make up C. make up to D. make it up with63. A. other B. the other C. others D. another64. A .rarely B. yet C. still D. even65. A. pretty B. ugly C. plain D. stupid66. A. easily B. mostly C. hardly D. scarcely67. A. To be B. Being C. Having D. Living68. A. so B. that C. why D . how69. A. but B. as C. then D. that70. A. seldom B. rarely C. always D .neverTV. Translation (20%)翻译以下的电话留言条Mr. Renner,Robert White has just rung up, saying that he will come to see you at 10 tomorrow morning for a talk about the agency agreement. Please wait for him in our office, or ring him back if the time does not suit you.。
工程管理专业英语 第2课
1.Project integration management to ensure that the various project elements are effectively coordinated.
项目集成管理，以确保有效协调各种项目要素。
具体来说，建设项目管理包括一系列目标，这些目标可能 是通过实施给定资源约束下的一系列运作才能实现的。
There are potential conflicts between the stated objectives with regard to scope, cost, time and quality, and the constraints imposed on human material and financial resources.
发展有效的沟通和各参与者之间解决冲突的机制。
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第七段
The Project Management Institute focuses on nine distinct areas requiring project manager knowledge and attention:
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第三段：
Project management is the art of directing and coordinating human and material resources throughout the life of a project by using modern management techniques to achieve predetermined objectives of scope, cost, time, quality and participation satisfaction. 项目管理是使用现代管理技术指导和协调整个项目周期的 人力和物力，以实现预定的范围、成本、时间、质量和参与 者满意度目标的艺术。
工程管理英语作文
工程管理英语作文As a project manager, it's important to stay organized and focused on the task at hand. This means keeping track of deadlines, communicating effectively with team members, and being adaptable to changes in the project scope.One of the most crucial aspects of project management is effective communication. This involves not only conveying information clearly to team members, but also actively listening to their input and feedback. Open and transparent communication can help to avoid misunderstandings and ensure that everyone is on the same page.In addition to communication, being able to adapt to changes in the project scope is essential. Projects rarely go exactly as planned, and it's important to be able to pivot and adjust as necessary. This might involve reallocating resources, revising timelines, or finding creative solutions to unexpected challenges.Another key skill for project managers is the ability to delegate tasks effectively. It's important to trust your team members and empower them to take ownership of their work. This not only helps to distribute the workload, but also allows team members to develop their skills and grow professionally.Finally, project managers need to be able to prioritize tasks and manage their time effectively. With multiple deadlines and competing priorities, it's important to be able to focus on what's most important and allocate time and resources accordingly.In conclusion, project management requires a combination of strong communication skills, adaptability, effective delegation, and time management. By honing these skills, project managers can ensure the successful completion of their projects.。
工程管理英文作文
工程管理英文作文英文：As a project manager, I believe that effective communication is the key to successful project management. Communication is not just about conveying information, but also about understanding and responding to the needs of stakeholders. It is essential to establish a clear and concise communication plan that outlines the objectives, expectations, and responsibilities of all parties involved in the project.In addition, I believe that risk management is another critical aspect of project management. Identifyingpotential risks and developing contingency plans can help mitigate the impact of unforeseen events on the project. It is important to continuously monitor and evaluate risks throughout the project lifecycle to ensure that the project stays on track.Furthermore, I think that leadership is a crucial skill for project managers. A good leader should be able to inspire and motivate team members to achieve their best performance. They should also be able to make tough decisions when necessary and provide guidance and support to team members.To illustrate, I once managed a construction project where communication was a challenge due to languagebarriers between the project team and the client. To overcome this, I established a communication plan that included regular meetings with the client and translated project documents. Additionally, I identified potential risks such as weather delays and developed contingency plans to ensure that the project stayed on schedule. Finally, I provided leadership by motivating the team to work together and achieve the project objectives.中文:作为项目经理，我认为有效的沟通是成功的项目管理的关键。
工程管理英语二国家线
工程管理英语二国家线The National Line":Engineering management is a crucial field that encompasses the planning, organization, and oversight of complex projects and systems. In the context of the national line, engineering management plays a vital role in ensuring the successful execution of large-scale infrastructure projects that are essential for a country's economic and social development.The national line, in this context, refers to the overarching strategy and framework that guides the development and implementation of major engineering projects within a country. This line serves as a blueprint for coordinating the efforts of various stakeholders, including government agencies, private contractors, and the general public, to achieve national priorities and objectives.One of the primary responsibilities of engineering management in the context of the national line is to ensure the effective integration of different engineering disciplines. This includes civil, mechanical, electrical, and environmental engineering, among others, to create a cohesive and efficient system that can address the complexchallenges inherent in large-scale projects.For example, the construction of a high-speed rail network within a country requires the coordination of various engineering specialties. Civil engineers are responsible for designing the track infrastructure, including bridges, tunnels, and stations. Mechanical engineers focus on the development and maintenance of the rolling stock, ensuring the trains operate efficiently and safely. Electrical engineers are tasked with the design and implementation of the power distribution systems that power the trains and support the overall network. Environmental engineers play a crucial role in assessing the impact of the project on the surrounding ecosystem and implementing mitigation strategies to minimize any negative effects.Effective engineering management in the national line context requires a deep understanding of the political, economic, and social factors that influence the decision-making process. Project managers must be able to navigate the complex web of government regulations, funding mechanisms, and stakeholder interests to ensure that the project remains on track and delivers the desired outcomes.One key aspect of engineering management in the national line is the ability to effectively communicate and collaborate with a diverse range of stakeholders. This includes government officials,policymakers, industry leaders, and the general public. Project managers must be able to translate technical information into easily understandable terms, articulate the benefits of the project, and address any concerns or objections that may arise.Additionally, engineering management in the national line context requires a strong focus on risk management. Large-scale infrastructure projects are inherently complex and subject to a wide range of risks, from technical challenges to political and economic uncertainties. Effective risk management strategies, such as scenario planning, contingency planning, and risk mitigation measures, are essential for ensuring the successful delivery of these projects.Another critical aspect of engineering management in the national line is the emphasis on sustainability and environmental stewardship. As countries strive to meet their development goals, there is an increasing recognition of the need to balance economic progress with environmental protection. Engineering managers must be able to incorporate sustainable design principles, energy-efficient technologies, and environmentally-friendly construction practices into their projects to minimize the impact on the natural environment.Finally, the role of engineering management in the national line extends beyond the execution of individual projects. Projectmanagers must also contribute to the development and refinement of the national line itself, providing feedback and insights based on their experiences and expertise. This can help to inform policy decisions, shape future infrastructure priorities, and ensure that the national line remains responsive to the evolving needs of the country.In conclusion, engineering management plays a vital role in the successful execution of the national line, a framework that guides the development and implementation of large-scale infrastructure projects within a country. By integrating various engineering disciplines, navigating complex stakeholder dynamics, managing risks, and promoting sustainable practices, engineering managers can help to ensure that these projects deliver the desired outcomes and contribute to the overall economic and social development of the nation.。
Chapter 2 organizing for project management
Nanjing University Technology
Successful giant, complex organizations usually have a strong matrix-type suborganization at the level where basic cost and schedule control responsibility is assigned.
Propose design and construction alternatives if appropriate, and analyze the effects of the alternatives on the project cost and schedule.
Monitor subsequent development of the project in order that these targets are not exceeded without the knowledge of the owner.
Formal authority resulting from an official capacity which is empowered to issue orders.
Reward and/or penalty power resulting from his/her capacity to dispense directly or indirectly valued organization rewards or penalties.
工程管理专业英语全文翻译
Unit 1 the owner’s perspective 第1单元业主的观点1。
2 Major Types of Construction 1.2大建筑类型Since most owners are generally interested in acquiring only a specific type of constructed facility, they should be aware of the common industrial practices for the type of construction pertinent to them [1］. Likewise, the construction industry is a conglomeration of quite diverse segments and products。
Some owners may procure a constructed facility only once in a long while and tend to look for short term advantages。
However ，many owners require periodic acquisition of new facilities and/or rehabilitation of existing facilities。
It is to their advantage to keep the construction industry healthy and productive。
Collectively，the owners have more power to influence the construction industry than they realize because，by their individual actions，they can provide incentives for innovation, efficiency and quality in construction ［2]. It is to the interest of all parties that the owners take an active interest in the construction and exercise beneficial influence on the performance of the industry。
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Implementation of various operations through proper coordination and control of planning, design, estimating, contracting and construction in the entire process.
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For example, computer-based information system and decision support systems are now commonplace tools for general management. 例如，计算机信息系统和决策支持系统是现在管理的一般工 具。 Similarly, many operations research techniques such as linear programming and network analysis are now widely used in many knowledge or application domains. 同样，许多运筹学技术例如线性规划和网络分析现在广泛使 用于许多知识或应用领域。 Hence, the representation in Figure2-1 reflects only the sources from which the project management framework evolves. 因此，图2-1中的显示反映了项目管理框架演变的唯一来源。
1.Project integration management to ensure that the various project elements effectively coordinated.
项目集成管理，以确保有效协调各种项目要素。
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2.Project scope management to ensure that all the work required (and only the required work) is included.
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By contrast, the general management of business and industrial corporations assumes a broader outlook with greater continuity of operation. 与此形成对照，一般的工商企业的一般管理更广泛地着眼于业务更 佳的连续性。 Nevertheless, there are sufficient similarities as well as differences between the two so that modern management techniques developed for general management may be adapted for project management. 不过，二者之间也有足够的相似性和差异，以便项目管理适应为一 般管理开发的现代管理技术。
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Generally, project management is distinguished from the general management of corporations by the mission-oriented nature of a project. 一般来说，项目管理是区别于一般以任务为导向项目性质的 企业管理。 A project organization will generally be terminated when the mission is accomplished. 项目组织一般是任务完成时项目便终止。 According to the Project Management Institute, the discipline of project management can be defined as follows: 根据项目管理协会，项目管理学科可以定义为如下：
项目的特定目标和计划，包括划定范围、编制预算、行程 安排、设置性能要求，和选择项目参与者。
Maximization of efficient resource utilization through procurement of labor, materials and equipment according to the prescribed schedule and plan.
项目范围管理，以确保所有的工作要求（只有所需的工 作）。
3. Project time management to provide an effective project schedule.
项目时间管理，提供有效的项目日程安排。 4. Project cost management to identify needed resources and
在项目的一开始，这些冲突必须通过必要的权衡或新的备 选方案来解决。
Subsequently, the functions of project management for construction generally include the following:
其次，建设项目管理的功能一般包括以下内容：
发展有效的沟通和各参与者之间解决冲突的机制。
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The Project Management Institute focuses on nine distinct areas requiring project manager knowledge and attention:
项目管理协会要求项目经理的知识和注意力集中于9个不 同的领域：
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Specification（特定） of project objectives and plans including delineation of scope, budgeting, scheduling, setting performance requirement, and selecting project participants.
具体来说，建设项目管理包括一系列目标，这些目标可能 是通过实施给定资源约束下的一系列运作才能实现的。
There are potential conflicts between the stated objectives with regard to scope, cost, time and quality, and the constraints imposed on human material and financial resources.
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第一段： The management of construction projects requires knowledge of modern management as well as an understanding of the design and construction process. 建设项目管理要求现代的管理、以及设计和施工过程知识。 Construction projects have a specific set of objectives and constraints such as a required time frame for completion. 建设项目有一系列具体的目标和约束条件，如在规定的时限内完成。 While the relevant technology, institutional arrangements or process will differ, the management of such projects has much in common with the management of similar types of projects in other specialty or technology domains such as aerospace, pharmaceutical and energy developments. 虽然相关技术，组织机构或流程会有所不同，但建设项目同其他一些 如航天、医药和能源等专业技术领域的项目在管理上仍然有共同之处。
范围、成本、时间、质量的既定目标，和人力、物力和财 力的资源约束之间有潜在的冲突。
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These conflicts should be resolved at the onset of a project （在项目的开始）by making the necessary tradeoffs or creating new alternatives.
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The basic ingredients for a project management framework may be represented schematically in Figure2-1. 项目管理框架最基本的因素由图2-1所示。 A working knowledge of general management（综合、一般） and familiarity with the special knowledge domain related to the project are indispensable. 一般管理应用知识和（对）项目相关的专业知识领域（的熟知）是不可 缺少的。 Supporting disciplines（学科） such as computers science and decision science may also play an important role. 例如计算机科学和决策科学之类的支持学科也许也扮演一个重要角色。
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Specifically, project management in construction encompasses a set of objectives which may be accomplished by implementing（实施） a series of operations subject to resource constraints.