高考英语写作-逻辑问题分析论证句式
高三英语一轮复习句子逻辑顺序分析讲义
英语句子逻辑顺序1.动词开头1）谓语动词----祈使句。
2）非谓语动词：to do 不定式结构；分词结构。
举例：To arrive at London earlier, I have to take the morning flight.Having finished my homework, I was delighted to play soccer.2.名词开头**由于名词是高级别主词，如果开头，则要寻求这个名词所对应的谓语动词，以便于优先表现主句的完整性、独立性和准确性。
举例：The man,coming from Africa, has a weight over 300 pounds.The car, which was made in Germany, is given by xx.3.形容词开头---务必有逗号（因为形容词属于三级别词序）举例：Honest and brave, Lucy was going to do an exploration in Antarctic.Waving to his father, Lulu boarded the plane.4.副词开头情况1：状语从句（需要背诵引导词）情况2：关系词 however/ instead/ otherwise/ nevertheless etc.情况3：倒装句（由于副词自带语气，所以有些副词开头可以引起倒装句）举例：Hardly can I answer the question.Only in this way can you answer the question.结论：以上是不同词序开头的句子。
其实在英语中，字母是绝对固定的；继而单词词性匹配在句子中不同的成分，所以在句子中的位置也就相对稳定，该是主语，就要放在动词前；该是谓语，就应该表现出时态语态；该是补助性成分（形容词、副词、介宾短语等）就应该表现出较低级别的应用，这样我们分析句子就有章可循。
英语作文里的逻辑如何体现
英语作文里的逻辑如何体现Logic is an essential component of writing an effective and persuasive essay. It is the backbone of a well-structured essay that presents a clear and concise argument. In this essay, I will discuss how logic is reflected in English writing and provide a high-quality imitation of the most downloaded essay online.Firstly, logic is reflected in the structure of an essay. A well-structured essay follows a logical sequenceof ideas that leads the reader from the introduction to the conclusion. The introduction should provide background information and set the tone for the essay. The body paragraphs should be organized in a logical order that supports the thesis statement. Each paragraph shouldcontain a topic sentence that introduces the main idea and evidence that supports it. The conclusion should summarize the main points and restate the thesis statement.Secondly, logic is reflected in the use of evidence. Apersuasive essay should provide evidence that supports the argument. The evidence should be relevant, reliable, and presented in a logical manner. The writer should use facts, statistics, and examples to support their argument. The evidence should be presented in a logical order that supports the thesis statement.Thirdly, logic is reflected in the use of language. The language used in an essay should be clear, concise, and precise. The writer should avoid using vague or ambiguous language that can confuse the reader. The writer should use words and phrases that are appropriate for the audience and the purpose of the essay. The writer should also use transitional words and phrases to connect ideas and create a logical flow.Now, let me provide a high-quality imitation of the most downloaded essay online, reflecting the use of logicin English writing.The topic of my essay is the importance of exercise for a healthy lifestyle. The essay will follow a logicalstructure that includes an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. The body paragraphs will provide evidence that supports the argument that exercise is essential for a healthy lifestyle.Introduction:Exercise is an essential component of a healthy lifestyle. It has numerous benefits that include weight loss, improved cardiovascular health, and increased energy levels. In this essay, I will discuss the importance of exercise for a healthy lifestyle.Body Paragraph 1:Exercise is an effective way to maintain a healthy weight. It burns calories and increases metabolism, which helps to reduce body fat. In addition, exercise can help to prevent obesity, which is a major risk factor for many chronic diseases.Body Paragraph 2:Exercise improves cardiovascular health. It strengthens the heart and improves blood flow, which reduces the risk of heart disease and stroke. Regular exercise can also lower blood pressure and cholesterol levels, which are other risk factors for cardiovascular disease.Body Paragraph 3:Exercise increases energy levels and improves mood. It releases endorphins, which are natural mood boosters. Regular exercise can also improve sleep quality, which is essential for overall health and wellbeing.Conclusion:In conclusion, exercise is essential for a healthy lifestyle. It has numerous benefits that include weight loss, improved cardiovascular health, and increased energy levels. By incorporating exercise into our daily routine, we can improve our overall health and wellbeing.。
写作语法大全
写作语法大全是非问题分析论证句式Whereas other societies look to the past for guidance, we cast our nets forward（面向未来）It is the belief in a brighter future that gives us optimism.Even these days, when not all progress seems positive (nuclear weapons, air pollution, unemployment, etc.), the belief remains that for every problem there is a rational solution.The job of the parents is to give the children every opportunity while they are growing up and then get out of their way.What deference people in authority do command is based on their actual powers rather than on their age, wisdom, or dignity.In a society that changes as fast as ours, experience simply does not have the value that it does in traditional societies.It has taken a long time to convince the public that free enterprise does not mean that a company should be free to pollute the air, foul the rivers, and destroy the forests.The assembly line reduced workers to cogs of machinery and made their jobs unutterably boring, but it produced goods fast.Food is prepackaged and shopping is impersonal, but the efficiency of the operation produces lower prices and less shopping time.As an American is always striving to change his lot, he never fully identifies with any group.In America, there are no such expressio ns such as in china where “the fat pig gets slaughtered,” or in Japan, where “the nail that sticks out gets hammered down.”This freedom from the group has enabled the American to become “Economic Man”-one directed almost purely by profit motive, mobile and unencumbered（不受阻碍的）by family or community obligations.Equipped with the money, one can acquire the taste, style, and ideas that mark each class and launch a quick ascent of the social ladder.Actually, persons in status societies who are secure in their niches （适当的位置）are allowed more eccentricity than Americans, who rely heavily on signals that other people like them.When half the population goes to college, one cannot expect the colleges to maintain the same standards as in countries where only the elite attend.Just as not every Japanese is hardworking and deferential to superiors （长者、上司）, not every Chinese is devoted to family, not every American is ambitious or patriotic - or even unsophisticated.No one could seriously think that anyone who grows up poor, lives in a bad neighborhood, and attends an inferior school has an opportunity equal to that of someone more favored.Americans may not have achieved equality, but at least they aspire to it, which is more than many other nations can claim.In many countries, when jobs become available for young people in distant cities, when television begins to dominate home life, when ready - made foods appear in the markets, the culture appears more “American” - although the resemblance could be entirely superficial.Someone who looks around or down appears shifty （不可靠的）to Americans, although in fact one doesn’t stare continuously at the other person, but glances elsewhere every few seconds.When the demand for something is greater than its supply, producers and suppliers will sense the possibility of making a profit - the excess of revenues over expenses is the profit.As the case illustrates, competition takes four general forms: pure competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly（少数制造商对市场的控制）.The classic example of pure competition occurs with a commodity, like wheat or corn, that has so many producers that no one of them can control its selling price.A monopoly occurs when one company alone offers a particular food or service and therefore controls the market and price for it.Private restaurants serve gourmet food for $70 per person; incentives boosted agricultural production 25 percent and industrial output 80 percent in just three years; farmers are encouraged to raise as much as they can on their own plots, and some become almost rich in the process.（注意本句中分号的使用）All these changes in China’s economic life have brought changes in China’s social and cultural life as well, many of which unwanted.If productivity measures the efficiency of an economy, a measure of what an economic system produces is its gross national product (GNP), which is the current market value of all final goods and services that a nation produces within a particular period.Current wisdom says that （当前流行的看法认为）if you want a successful product, you need first to perform detailed market analysis, making sure that there are plenty of people who need the new product and that your entry into the market will be able to gain a significant share of that market.Started at the turn of the century, 3M ( a giant American company) has been growing at a healthy rate of about 10 percent a year and it boasts of having 45,000 products on the market.An entrepreneur is someone like Tom Monaghan, the man who after brushes with bankruptcy turned Domino’s Pizza into the nation’s fastest - growing franchise chain.The extent to which the broadcast media should be censored for offensive language and behavior involves a conflict between our right as individuals to freely express ourselves and the duty of government to protect its citizenry from potential harm.Although we may not have conclusive scientific evidence of a cause - effect relationship, ample anecdotal evidence establishes a significant correlation.Moreover, both common sense and our experiences with children inform us that people tend to mimic the language and behavior they are exposed to.Those who advocate unbridled individual expression might point out that the right of free speech is intrinsic to a democracy and necessary to its survival.In sum, it is in our best interest as a society for the government to censor broadcast media for obscene and offensive language and behavior.While individuals have primary responsibility for learning new skills and finding work, both industry and government have some obligation to provide them with the means of doing so.The suggested reason for buying the car is obvious: it is the intelligent choice.（注意冒号的使用）In conclusion, I agree that appeals to emotion are more powerful tools than arguments and reasoning for promoting products.Advertising is obviously the most influential art form in this century; it is, therefore, tempting to think that it is the most important.The lesson here is that advertising, in itself, probably will not achieve as great importance as art.Requiring businesses to provide complete product information to customers promotes various consumer interests, but at the same time imposes burdens on businesses, government, and taxpayer.While I doubt that buildings determine our character or basic personality traits, I argue that they can greatly influence our attitudes, moods, and even life styles.Numerous psychological studies show that different colors influence behavior, attitudes, and emotions in distinctly different ways.Women differ fundamentally from men in childbearing ability; related to this ability is the maternal instinct - a desire to nurture - that is far stronger for women than for men, generally speaking.In consumer - driven industries, innovation, product differentiation, and creativity are crucial to lasting success. And in technology, when there are no conventional practices or ways of thinking to begin with, companies that fail to break away from last year’s paradigm are soon left behind by the competition.Whether an individual saves too little or borrows too much depends on the purpose and extent of either activity. The evidence suggests that, on balance, people today tend to concern themselves with only practical matters that are related to their life.Traditionally, saving is viewed as a virtue, while borrowing is considered as a vice.However, just the opposite may be true under certain circumstances.逻辑问题分析论证句式The mere fact that ticket sales in recent years for screenplay-based movies have exceeded those for book-based movies is insufficient evidence to conclude that writing screenplays now provides greater financial opportunity for writers.It is possible that fees paid by movie studios for screenplays will decrease in the future relative to those for book rights.The argument fails to rule out the possibility that a writer engage in both types of writing as well as other types.In any event, the advertisement provides no justification for the mutually exclusive choice that it imposes on the writer.The argument simply equates success with movie ticket sales, which is unwarranted.The author assumes that physical capabilities are the only attributes necessary to operate a motor vehicle. Moreover, the author provides no evidence that the realism of color photography is the reason for its predominance. This assumption presents a false dilemma, since the two media are not necessarily mutually exclusive alternatives. Common sense tells us that a photographer can succeed by working in both media.The argument ignores the factors - such as initiative, creativity, technical skills, and business judgment - that may be more important than the choice of medium in determining success in photography.The major problem with the argument is that the stated similarities between Company A and B are insufficient to support the concl usion that Company A will suffer a fate similar to Company B’s.Consequently, the mere fact that Company A holds a large share of the video - game hardware and software market does not support the claim that Company A will also fail.Thus, the author unfairly assumes that highly - rated public television programs are necessarily widely viewed, or popular.While this may be true in some cases, it is equally possible that only companies with products that are already best - sellers can afford the higher ad rates that popular shows demand.Admittedly, the vice president’s reasoning linking employee benefits with company profits seems reasonable on the surface.One can infer from the survey’s results that a full one - third of the respondents may have viewed the current benefits package unfavorably.Lacking more specific information about how these other employees responded, it is impossible to assess the reliability of the survey’s results or to make an informed recommendation.It is unlikely that the brief one - week periods under comparison are representative of longer time periods.If so, even though 3 percent more accidents occurred after the change, the author’s argument that changing the speed limit increases danger for drivers would be seriously weakened.The editorial fails to take into account possible differences between East and West Cambria that are relevant to how drivers react to speed - limit changes.In addition, while it is true that many voters change their minds several times before voting, and that some remain undecided until entering the voting booth, this is not true of everyone.Without knowing the extent and nature of the damage resulting from the bad publicity or the reason for the violation, we cannot accept the author’s conclusion.The au thor’s proposal is inconsistent with the author’s conclusion about the consequences of adopting an ethics code.To begin with, the author fails to consider health threats posed by incinerating trash.The author’s conclusion that switching to incineration w ould be more salutary for public health would be seriously undermined.However, this is not necessarily the case.The author’s implicit claim that incinerators are economically advantageous to landfills is poorly supported. Consequently, unless the author can demonstrate that the city will incur expenses that are not covered by the increased revenues from these projects, the author’s concern about these issues is unfounded.First of all, while asserting that real incomes are rising, the author provides no evidence to support this assertion. But no evidence is provided to show that this explanation is correct.Moreover, the author fails to consider and rule out other factors that might account for proportional decreases in spending on food.The author ignores other likely benefits of agricultural technology that affect food pieces only indirectly or not at all.In the first place, a great deal of empirical evidence shows that sequels are often not as profitable as the original movie.However, unless the original cast and production team are involved in making the sequel, there is a good chance it will not be financially successful.Since the difficulties inherent in this process make it hard to predict whether the result will be a success or a failure, the conclusion that the sequel will be profitable is presumptuous（武断的）This assumption overlooks other criteria for determining a bridge’s importance - such as the number of commuters using the bridge, the role of the bridge in local emergencies and disasters, and the impact that bridge closure would have on the economies of nearby cities.Without such evidence, we cannot accept the author’s conclusion that no government funds should be directed toward maintaining the Styx River bridge.The fact that the nearby city has a weakening economy does not prove that the city will not contribute significantly to tax revenues.Substantiating this assumption requires examining the proper duty of government.Accordingly, this assumption is simply an unproven claim.The author is presenting a false dilemma by imposing an either - or choice between two courses of action that need not be mutually exclusive.It is equally possible that legislators can address both areas of concern concurrently.The argument relies on the assumption that the legislators in question（所讨论的）have the opportunity to address urban crime problems.Finally, the author unfairly trivializes the severity of rural crime by simply comparing it with urban crime.It is possible that the sales trend in a particular location is not representative of sales in other regions. However, the author fails to acknowledge and rule out other possible causes of such accidents.A third problem with the argument is that the statistical evidence upon which it relies is too vague to be informative.If the subjects for the study were randomly chosen and represent a diverse cross section of the population of shampoo users, the results will be reliable regardless of the number of participants.Experience alone is far from being enough to guarantee minimized processing costs.Given that Olympic Foods does benefit from lowered processing costs due to its years of experience, the prediction about maximum profits is still in lake of solid ground.核心句型1．开头The arguer may be right about …,but he seems to neglect (fail) to mention (take into account) that fact that…As opposed to (Contrary to) widely (commonly/generally) held (accepted) belief (ideas/views), I believe (argue that…Although many people believe that …, I doubt (wonder) whethe r the argument bears much analysis (close examination).The advantages of B outweigh any benefit we gained from (carry more weight than those of / are much greater than) A.Although it is commonly (widely / generally) held (felt / accepted / agreed) that …, it is unlikely to be true that…There is an element of truth in this argument (statement), but it ignores a deeper and more basic (important / essential) fact (reason) that…It is true that (True, / To be sure, / Admittedly,)…, but this is not to say (it is unlikely / it doesn’t follow / it doesn’t mean / it won’t be the case) that…The main (obvious / great) problem (flaw / drawback) with (in) this argument (view / remark) is that it is ignorant of (blind to) the basic (bare) fact that …It would be poss ible (natural / reasonable) to think (believe / take the view) that…, but it would be absurd (wrong) to claim (argue) that …In all the discussion and debate over…, one important (basic) fact is generally overlooked (neglected).There is absolutely (in fac t) no (every) reason for us to believe (accept / resist / reject) that…Logical (Valid / Sound) as this argument and I wholeheartedly agree with it, it appears insignificant (absurd) when … is taken into consideration (account).To assume (suggest) that … is far from being proved (to miss the point).A close (careful) inspection (examination / scrutiny) of this argument would reveal how flimsy (groundless / fallacious) it is.On the surface (At first thought), it (this) may seem a sound (an attractive) suggestion (solution / idea), but careful weighing on the mind (on closer analysis / on second thought), we find that…Too much emphasis placed on (attention paid to / importance attached to) … may obscure (overlook / neglect) other facts…The danger (problem / fact / truth / point) is that…What the arguer fails to understand (consider /mention) is that…We don’t have to look very far to see (find out) the truth (validity) of this argument (proposition).However just (logical / sound / valid) this argument may be, it only skims the surface of the problem.2．正文Although the popular belief is that…, a current (new / recent) study (survey / poll / investigation) indicates (shows / demonstrates) that…Common sense tells us that…The increase (change / failure / s uccess) in… mainly (largely / partly) results from (arises from / is because of)…The increase (change / failure /success) in … is due to (owing to / attributable to) the fact that…Many people would claim that…One may attribute (ascribe / owe) the increa se (decrease / change) to …, but … is not by itself an adequate explanation.One of the reasons given for … is that…What is also worth noticing is that…There are many (different / several / a number of / a variety of) causes (reasons) for this dramatic (marked / significant) growth (change /decline / increase) in .. First,… Second,… Finally,…There is no evidence to suggest that…Why are (is / do / did) …? For one thing, … For another, …Another reason why I dispute the above statement is that…It gives rise to (lead to / bring / create) a host of problems (consequences).There are numerous reasons why …, and I shall here explore only a few of the most important ones.It will exert (have / produce) profound (far-reaching / remarkable / considerable / beneficial / favorable / undesirable / disastrous) effect (influence) on…A multitude of factors could account for (contribute to / lead to / result in / influence) the change (increase / decrease / success/ failure / development) in…In 1999, it increased (rose / jumped / shot up) from 5 to 10 percent of the total (to 15 percent / by 15 percent).By comparison with 1998, it decreased (dropped / fell) from 10 to 5 percent (to 15 percent / by 15 percent).It account for 15 percent of the total.There were 100 traffic accidents in April, and increase of 5 percent in a five-month period.By 1999, only (less than / more than / almost / about / over / as many as) three quarters (40 percent of / one out of five / one in four) college population (graduates / housewives) as against (as compared with) last year (1998) preferred to (liked)…3．结尾From what has been discussed above (Taking into account all these factors / Judging from all evidence offered), we may safely draw (reach / come to / arrive at) the conclusion tha t…All the evidence (analysis) supports (justifies / confirms / warrants / points to) a(n) unshakable (unmistakable / sound / just) conclusion that …It is high time that we place (lay / put) great ( special / considerable) emphasis on the improvement (development / increase / promotion) of…It is high time that we put an end to the deep-seated (unhealthy / undesirable / deplorable) situation (tendency / phenomenon) of…We must look (search / all / cry) for an immediate action (method / measure), because the present (current) situation (phenomenon / tendency / state / attitude) of …, if permitted (allowed) to continue (proceed), will surely(certainly) lead to (result in) the end (destruction / heavy cost) of…There is no easy (immediate / effective) solution ( approach / answer / remedy) to the problem of …, but … might be useful (helpful / beneficial).No easy method (solution / recipe / remedy) can be at hand (found / guaranteed) to solve (resolve / tackle) the problem of …, but the common (general / publi c) recognition of (realization of / awareness of / commitment to) the necessity (importance / significance) of …might be the first step towards change (on the right way / in the right direction).Following these methods (suggestions) may not guarantee the success in (solution to)…, but the pay-off will be worth the effort.Obviously (Clearly / No doubt), if we ignore (are blind to) the problem, there is every chance that…Unless there is a common realization of (general commitment to)…, it is very likely (the chances are good) that…There is little doubt (no denying) that serous (special / adequate / immediate /further) attention must be called (paid / devoted) to the problem of …It is necessary (essential / fundamental) that effective (quick / proper) action (steps /measures / remedies) should be taken to prevent (correct / check / end / fight) the situation (tendency / phenomenon).It is hoped (suggested / recommended) that great (continuous / persistent / sustained / corporate) efforts should be make to control (check / halt / promote) the growth (increase / rise) of …It is hoped that great efforts should be directed to (expended on / focused on) finding (developing / improving)…It remains to be seen whether…, but the prospect (outlook) is not quite enc ouraging (that rosy).Anyhow, wider (more) education (publicity) should be given to the possible (potential / grave / serious / pernicious) consequences (effects) of…To reverse (check / control) the trend (tendency) is not a light task (an easy job), and it requires (demands / involves / entails) a different state of main towards (attitude towards / outlook on)…For these reasons, I strongly recommend that…For the reasons given above, I feel that…。
高考英语作文逻辑关系连接词精讲
高考英语作文逻辑关系连接词精讲中考英语作文逻辑关系连接词1.表强调：still, indeed, apparently, oddly enough, of course, after all, significantly,interestingly, also, above all, surely, certainly, undoubtedly, in any case, anyway, above all, in fact, especially, obviously, clearly.2.比较：like, similarly, likewise, in the same way, in the same manner, equally.3.对比：by contrast, on the contrary, while, whereas, on the other hand, unlike, instead, but, conversely, different from, however, nevertheless, otherwise, whereas, unlike, yet, in contrast.4.列举：for example, for instance, such as, take…for example, except (for), to illustrate.5.时间：later, next, then, finally, at last, eventually, meanwhile, from now on, at the same time, for the time being, in the end, immediately, in the meantime, in themeanwhile, recently, soon, now and then, during, nowadays, since, lately, as soon as, afterwards, temporarily, earlier, now, aftera while.6.顺序：first, second, third, then, finally, to begin with, first of all, in the first place, last, next, above all, last but not the least, first and most important.7.可能：presumably, probably, perhaps.8.解释：in other words, in fact, as a matter of fact, that is, namely, in simpler terms.9.递进：What is more, in addition, and, besides, also, furthermore, too, moreover,furthermore, as well as, additionally, again.10.让步：although, after all, in spite of…, despite, even if, even though, though, admittedly, whatever may happen.11.转折：however, rather than, instead of, but, yet, on the other hand, unfortunately,whereas12.原因：for this reason, due to, thanks to, because, because of, as, since, owing to.13.结果：as a result, thus, hence, so, therefore, accordingly, consequently, as a consequence14.总结：on the whole, in conclusion, in a word, to sum up, in brief, in summary, toconclude, to summarize, in short.15.其他：mostly, occasionally, currently, naturally, mainly, exactly, evidently, frankly, commonly, for this purpose, to a large extent, for most of us, in many cases, in this case。
GRE写作技巧：逻辑问题分析论证
GRE写作技巧：逻辑问题分析论证2016GRE写作技巧：逻辑问题分析论证导语：为了各位考生可以更好地备考，小编特为大家收集整理了2016GRE写作技巧：逻辑问题分析论证，希望对各位有所帮助，详情如下，仅供参考。
逻辑问题分析论证句式1 The argument fails to rule out the possibility that a writer engage in both types of writing as well as other types.2. The mere fact that ticket sales in recent years for screenplay-based movies have exceeded those for book-based movies is insufficient evidence to conclude that writing screenplays now provides greater financial opportunity for writers.3It is possible that fees paid by movie studios for screenplays will decrease in the future relative to those for book rights.4. In any event， the advertisement provides no justification for the mutually exclusive choice that it imposes on the writer.5. The argument simply equates success with movie ticket sales， which is unwarranted.6. The author assumes that physical capabilities are the only attributes necessary to operate a motor vehicle.7. Moreover，the author provides no evidence that the realism of color photography is the reason for its predominance.8. This assumption presents a false dilemma， since the two media are not necessarily mutually exclusive alternatives.9. Common sense tells us that a photographer can succeed by working in both media.11. The major problem with the argument is that the stated similarities between Company A and B are insufficient to support the conclusion that Company A willsuffer a fate similar to Company B’s.10. Consequently， the mere fact that Company A holds a large share of the video – game hardware and software market does not support the claim that Company A will also fail.11. Thus，the author unfairly assumes that highly – rated public television programs are necessarily widely viewed，or popular.12. While this may be true in some cases，it is equally possible that only companies with products that are already best –sellers can afford the higher ad rates that popular shows demand.13. Admittedly，the vice president’s rea soning linking employee benefits with company profits seems reasonable on the surface.14. One can infer from the survey’s results that a full one –third of the respondents may have viewed the current benefits package unfavorably.15. Lacking more specific information about how these other employees responded， it is impossible to assess the reliability of the survey’s results or to make an informed recommendation.16. It is unlikely that the brief one –week periods under comparison are representative of longer time periods.17. If so， even though 3 percent more accidents occurred after the change，the author’s argument that changing the speed limit increases danger for drivers would be seriously weakened. 18.In addition，while it is true that many voters change their minds several times before voting， and that some remain undecided until entering the voting booth， this is not true of everyone.19 Moreover， the author fails to consider and rule out otherfactors that might account for proportional decreases in spending on food.20. Without knowing the extent and nature of the damage resulting from the bad publicity or the reason for the violation，we cannot accept the author’s conclusion.21 The author’s proposal is inconsistent with the author’s conclusion about the consequences of adopting an ethics code.22. To begin with， the author fails to consider health threats posed by incinerating trash.23. The author’s conclusion that switching to incineration would be more salutary for public health would be seriously undermined.24. However， this is not necessarily the case.25.The author’s implicit claim that incinerators are economically advantageous to landfills is poorly supported.26. Consequently， unless the author can demonstrate that the city will incur expenses that are not covered by the increased revenues from these projects，the author’s concern about these issues is unfounded.27.First of all， while asserting that real incomes are rising，the author provides no evidence to support this assertion.。
英文写作中有哪些常见的逻辑谬误？
英⽂写作中有哪些常见的逻辑谬误？提升英⽂写作除了学习语⾔技巧之外，还要加强逻辑思维能⼒训练。
对此，我们可以学习逻辑学知识，同时了解英⽂写作中的⼀些常见逻辑谬误，避免在写作中出现相同的问题。
具体来讲，英⽂写作中的逻辑谬误主要有循环论证、因果谬误、滑坡谬误、概念不当、合成谬误以及分割谬误等，这⾥做⼀些说明：（1）循环论证循环论证（circular argument）是指⽤来证明论题的论据本⾝的真实性要依靠论题来证明的逻辑错误，也就是说，在循环论证中，论证的前提就是论证的结论。
最简单的循环论证是⽤论点⾃⼰⽀持⾃⼰，例如：⼩明有罪，因为他有罪。
复杂⼀点的循环论证会涉及到论据的转述，但它们本质上说的还是同⼀个事物。
举个例⼦：Selling alcohol to teenagers should be illegal because it is against the law.认为“青少年出售酒精违法”的论据是“它违反了法律”，这句话的论点和论据其实是同⼀个，相当于绕了⼀圈什么也没说，因此不能得出有效结论。
再举个例⼦：iPhone is the best smartphone on the planet because no one makes a better smartphone than Apple does.证明“苹果⼿机是世界上最好的⼿机”的论据是“没有其他公司⽣产的⼿机能和苹果公司的⼀样好”，这⾥论点和论据也是等同的。
要证明苹果⼿机是世界上最好的⼿机，正确思路应该是说明苹果⼿机的硬件性能和使⽤体验都是世界上最好的。
（2）因果谬误因果谬误（Causal Fallacy）是指未有充分证据便轻率断定因果关系的不当推论，这也是英⽂写作中最常出现的⼀个逻辑问题。
⽐如很多同学会写“如果学⽣⼀直在学校读书，那么他们就会对外⾯世界缺乏了解”。
这句话就出现了因果谬误：“学⽣⼀直在学校读书”与“对外⾯世界缺乏了解”并没有因果联系。
高考英语作文必备句型-高中英语作文写作逻辑及句型精选
The second factor lies in XX. 第二个原因在XX。
XX contributed to YY. XX导致了YY。
Yet another factor that has led to / shaped XX has been YY. 然而，导致/影响XX的另一因素是YY。
A final driver of XX has been YY. XX的最后一个原因是YY。
To translate the idea into reality, we must... 要把想法变成现实，我们必须……
The good news is that X are avoidable, if three sets of measures are put in place. 好消息是，如果实施三个方案，X就可以避免。
二、如何分析原因 XX is at play (in 现象) XX是一个原因。（at play是一个固定搭配，表示“影响、起作用”） XX stem in part from YY XX源自YY（XX是现象，YY是原因） XX serves as an explanation for YY. XX是YY的原因。 The factor behind XX is YY. XX背后的原因是YY。
先铺垫，再引出主题： ✎The internet has transformed the way people work and communicate. It has upended i ndustries, from entertainment to retailing. But its most profound effect may well be on X X. 互联网改变了人们工作和交流的方式，它颠覆了各个行业，比如娱乐业、零售 业。但它对XX的影响最为显著。（XX为主题） ✎America may boast A, but when it comes to B, China rules. 美国可能自诩拥有A，但谈到B，中国傲视群雄。（A为他物，B为主题） ✎America may boast its established manufacturing industry, but when it comes to AI, Ch ina rules. 美国可能自诩拥有成熟的制造业，但在人工智能领域，中国独占鳌头。 ✎America may boast the world's most advanced aviation industry, but when it comes to high-speed rail, China rules. 美国可能自诩拥有世界最发达的航空产业，但在高铁方面，中国傲视群雄。
高考英语中的那些逻辑题-精选教育文档
高考英语中的那些逻辑题“逻辑关系”这四个字，大家应该不陌生。
常见的逻辑关系有并列、顺承、递进、转折等。
使用恰当的逻辑词能够使语言表达条理清晰、层次分明。
而在阅读某段文本时，其中的逻辑词也可以帮助我们更加准确和深入地把握文本信息。
中文和英文作为两种不同的语言体系，在逻辑关系的体现形式上也有很大不同。
中文以“表意”为主，对形式要求不是特别严格，逻辑关系词经常省略。
例如：① （因为）我渴了，（所以）我要喝瓶可乐。
②他（要是）知道了非得大发雷霆不可。
英文则不同，逻辑关系必须通过逻辑词来体现。
例如：① Though she's almost 40，she still plans to compete. ② I decided to go with them，mainly because I had nothing better to do. 即便是同样的意思，中文和英文的表达在逻辑词的使用上也有着明显的差异。
请看雪莱那句名言的中英文对比：①冬天来了，春天还会远吗？② If winter comes， can spring be far behind？由此可知，逻辑词在英文中非常必要且重要。
学习英文必须学会正确使用逻辑词，并且能够通过逻辑词进行判断和推理。
正是由于这个原因，逻辑关系在高考英语真题中历来都是考查的重点。
下面，我们就从完形填空、阅读理解和“七选五”这三种题型入手，分析逻辑关系在高考英语真题中的设题点和解题方法。
完形填空中的逻辑题完形填空为高考经典题型，考查考生对词汇、语法、句意和篇章的理解和运用能力。
笔者通过对历年高考完形真题的深入分析，发现其逻辑题的设题形式分为以下三种。
1. 原文中已有逻辑词，在逻辑词前后设空此类题要求考生根据逻辑词来判断前后文句意，由此解题。
请看下面的例子。
① Adolescents enter high school with great 50 but are soon looking forward to 51. （2014年新课标I卷）50. A. courage B. calmnessC. confusionD. excitement51. A. graduation B. independenceC. responsibilityD. success【解析】题干中出现了表转折关系的逻辑词but，说明but 前后的信息应当相互对立，即前后文将会出现反差较大的信息。
高考英语底层逻辑知识点
高考英语底层逻辑知识点在高考英语考试中，掌握好底层逻辑知识点是非常重要的。
这些底层逻辑知识点可以帮助我们有效地解答题目，提高阅读和写作能力。
下面，我们将探讨一些重要的底层逻辑知识点。
一、主题句和关键词在阅读理解题中，主题句和关键词是非常重要的底层逻辑知识点。
主题句通常位于段落的开头或结尾，它概括了整个段落的中心思想。
关键词则是与主题相关的词汇，通过寻找关键词可以帮助我们快速定位到相关信息。
例如，主题句可以是"Climate change is a pressing global issue"，而关键词可以是"rising temperatures"、"extreme weather events"等。
二、因果关系在文章中，因果关系是常见的逻辑关系之一。
了解因果关系可以帮助我们更好地理解文本，提高阅读理解的能力。
常见的因果关系词有"because"、"so"、"as a result"等。
例如，"因为车祸，他错过了重要的会议"，中文中可以用"因为"来表示因果关系，而英文则可以用"because"来表达。
三、对比与对应对比与对应也是常见的逻辑关系。
通过对比与对应，我们可以更好地理解文章的意义和作者的观点。
常见的对比与对应关系词有"but"、"however"、"on the other hand"、"in contrast"等。
例如，"他工作非常努力，但是他的成绩却不理想"，中文中可以用"但是"来表示对比，而英文则可以用"but"来表达。
四、举例和解释在阅读理解题中，举例和解释是常见的逻辑关系。
英语作文中上下句逻辑问题
英语作文中上下句逻辑问题English Answer：In the provided writing, there seems to be a logical disconnection between the two sentences. The first sentence talks about the importance of education in shaping one's identity, while the second sentence abruptly shifts to discussing the need for critical thinking and skepticism. This transition fails to establish a clear logical connection between the two ideas.To improve the coherence of the writing, it would be helpful to revise the second sentence to relate it more directly to the first sentence. For instance, one could say: "Education not only helps shape our identity but alsoequips us with critical thinking skills and a skeptical mindset, empowering us to navigate the complexities of the world."By connecting the second sentence to the first throughthe concept of "equipping," the writing establishes a logical progression that highlights the role of education in fostering both personal identity and intellectual development.中文回答：在提供的文章中，两句话之间似乎存在逻辑脱节。
英语作文中上下句逻辑问题
英语作文中上下句逻辑问题英文回答：The first sentence of the paragraph introduces thetopic of the paragraph: the importance of education. The second sentence provides an example of the benefits of education: it can help people develop their skills. The third sentence provides another example of the benefits of education: it can help people get better jobs. The fourth sentence provides a conclusion to the paragraph: education is essential for success in life. This paragraph is well-structured and flows logically from one sentence to the next.The first sentence of the second paragraph introduces the topic of the paragraph: the challenges of education. The second sentence provides an example of a challenge that students face: they may not have access to quality education. The third sentence provides another example of a challenge that students face: they may not be able toafford education. The fourth sentence provides a conclusion to the paragraph: the challenges of education are real, but they can be overcome. This paragraph is also well-structured and flows logically from one sentence to the next.Overall, the essay is well-written and well-organized. The paragraphs are well-structured and flow logically from one sentence to the next. The essay uses a variety of sentence types and vocabulary, and the language is clear and concise.中文回答：第一段的第一句话引入了段落主题，教育的重要性。
英语写作中的逻辑推理与论证方法
英语写作中的逻辑推理与论证方法在英语写作中，逻辑推理与论证方法是非常重要的，它们帮助我们清晰地表达思维，使得文章更具说服力和逻辑性。
本文将介绍几种常用的逻辑推理与论证方法，帮助提升英语写作的水平。
一、因果推理法因果推理法是根据事物之间的因果关系展开推理，基于一个事件或行为会产生某种结果的前提。
在写作中，我们可以使用因果推理法来论证一个事件或现象的原因或结果。
例如，让我们看一个关于烟草的例子："Smoking causes various health problems, such as lung cancer and heart disease. This is because the chemicals in tobacco smoke can damage the cells in the lungs and blood vessels, leading to the development of cancerous cells and cardiovascular issues."在这个例子中，我们使用了因果推理来解释为什么吸烟会导致健康问题。
首先，我们列举了吸烟的结果（肺癌和心脏病），然后给出了吸烟导致这些结果的原因（烟草烟雾中的化学物质对肺部细胞和血管造成的伤害）。
二、比较对比法比较对比法通过比较两个或多个事物之间的相似点和差异点来进行论证。
这种方法可以用于说明一个观点的优劣，帮助读者更好地理解你的论证。
例如，让我们看一个环境保护的例子："Switching to renewable energy sources, such as solar power and wind power, has several advantages over traditional fossil fuels. Firstly, renewable energy sources are clean and do not emit harmful greenhouse gases. In contrast, burning fossil fuels releases large amounts of carbon dioxide, contributing to global warming. Additionally, renewable energy is sustainable, as it relies on natural resources that are constantly replenished, while the availability of fossil fuels is limited and their extraction causes environmental damage."在这个例子中，我们通过比较可再生能源和传统化石燃料的优点来支持环境保护。
高中英语写作中的逻辑与连贯性
高中英语写作中的逻辑与连贯性在高中英语写作中，逻辑与连贯性是非常重要的因素。
一篇好的英语作文不仅需要有清晰的逻辑思维，还需要有良好的连贯性，使读者能够理解和跟随作者的思路。
本文将探讨高中英语写作中的逻辑与连贯性，并提供一些实用的技巧和方法。
首先，逻辑思维是写作的基础。
在写作之前，我们应该先构思好文章的框架和主要内容。
合理的框架能够帮助我们整理思路，使文章更具逻辑性。
我们可以将文章分为引言、正文和结论三个部分。
引言用于引入主题，正文用于展开论点，结论用于总结全文。
在正文部分，我们可以使用分论点的方式，每个分论点都要有明确的主题句，并且要与主题句相关的例子和论据来支持。
这样的写作结构可以使文章更有条理，读者也更容易理解。
其次，连贯性也是写作中不可或缺的要素。
连贯性指的是文章中句子和段落之间的衔接和过渡。
一个连贯的文章能够使读者更容易跟随作者的思路，理解作者的意图。
为了实现连贯性，我们可以使用一些过渡词和短语，如“首先”、“其次”、“然而”、“因此”等等。
这些词语能够帮助我们在句子和段落之间建立联系，使文章更加流畅。
此外，我们还可以使用代词来替代前面提到的名词，以避免重复使用。
例如，我们可以用“it”代替前面提到的某个事物或概念。
这样的写作技巧可以使文章更加简洁明了。
另外，我们还可以使用一些连接词和短语来增强连贯性。
连接词和短语可以帮助我们在句子和段落之间建立关系，使文章更加连贯。
例如，我们可以使用“because”、“however”、“in addition”、“on the other hand”等等。
这些连接词和短语能够使文章的逻辑关系更加明确，读者也更容易理解。
此外，我们还可以使用一些转折词和短语，如“although”、“despite”、“nevertheless”等等。
这些转折词和短语能够帮助我们表达不同的观点和看法，使文章更加丰富多样。
最后，为了提高写作的逻辑与连贯性，我们还可以进行一些练习和训练。
典型表达：行文逻辑--2022高考英语写作备考
高考英语备考写作高分之典型表达：行文逻辑（过渡与衔接的表达）写作是需要刻意练习的。
想要在这个占全卷总分近17%（旧高考）或27%（新高考）的大题型上有所突破，除了做到“紧扣主题，基本覆盖所有要点，多数句子基本正确，基本达到预期写作目的”之外，还需要“语法结构多样，词汇丰富，句型句式精彩”。
事实上在能写对句子的前提下，恰当适量运用高级词汇和多样化的句式表达，那么达到优秀还是大有可为的。
英语写作中的常用过渡与衔接的表达：用好过渡与衔接，使行文连贯、起承转合自然一、顺序关系第一组：首先、第一、首要的是First; Firstly;Above all; First of all; To begin with; To start with; In the first place; For one thing; On the one hand;第二组：其次、第二、此外Second; Secondly;Next; Then; In the second place; For another thing; On the other hand;Besides; Moreover; Furthermore; What’s more; In addition; Additionally第三组：最后、第三Third; Thirdly;Finally; Lastly; Eventually; Consequently; In the end; At last; In the last place; Last but not least二、并列关系1.and; as well as; not only..., but also ...; both ... and ...2.or; either ... or ...; neither ... nor ...3.also; too; as well三、同义关系（换一种方式表达）：ly2.That is (to say)3.In other words4.To put it another way四、反义关系（转折对比）：1.but2.yet3.otherwise4.while5.Instead6.However7.Nevertheless8.Though / Although9.Whereas10.Rather11.Unlike12.In contrast13.On the other hand14.On the contrary15.By comparisonpared to/ with17.Despite18.In spite of19.Some ..., others ...五、递进关系1.and2.too3.also4.Furthermore5.Moreover6.Besides7.In addition = Additionally8.What’s more; What’s worse六、因果关系（1-12为因，13-21为果）1.Because2.Since3.As4...., for ...5.in that6.Now that7.As a result of8.Because of9.Owing to10.... due to ...11.Thanks to12.For the same reason13.So14.Therefore15.Thus16.Hence17.Consequently18.Accordingly19.As a consequence = As a result20.It follows that ...21.so ... that ...; such ... that ...七、例证（举例说明）1.for example = for instance2.Like3.such as4.to be specific = specifically5.to illustrate6.Truly7.Take the case of8.Take ... for example八、陈述事实1.In fact2.Actually3.As a matter of fact4.To tell the truth5.To be frank/ honest/ true6.Frankly/ Honestly/ Truly speaking九、强调1.Indeed2.Surely = Certainly3.Most importantly = Most important of all4.No doubt = Without any doubt5.Truly6.Obviously7.Especially = Particularly = In particular十、条件1.If2.Unless3.As long as4.On condition that5.Providing ...6.Provided ...7.Supposing ...8.Given ...9.Without ...10.But for ...; But that ...十一、目的1.To ...2.In order to ... = In order that ...3.... so as to ... = ... so that ...4.For/ With the purpose of ...5.Aimed to ...6.Aimed at doing sth.十二、重复说明1.In brief = In short2.As I have said3.As I have noted4.As has been noted5.As I have shown,十三、总结概括1.In a word2.On the whole3.As a whole4.In conclusion5.In summary6.In general7.In short = In brief8.To conclude9.To sum up10.All in all。
高中英语新高考-英语作文：英语写作的简单逻辑的分析和表达
高中英语新高考-英语作文：英语写作的简单逻辑的分析和表达写作的传授重点是：简单逻辑的分析和表达。
授课目标：1、如何分析要点之间的逻辑2、如何写好句子3、总结写作中的各种错误题目假定你校学生会近期就“互联网对学生学习的影响”这一问题展开校园调查。
请你根据下图的调查结果写一份调查报告，并针对学生上网学习给出合理的建议，发表在校英文报上。
注意：1. 词数120左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Recently, the student union conducted a survey on the influence of the Internet on studying.写作过程写作步骤：1、列要点2、加工要点，分析其中的逻辑3、写句子，润色1.上网找资料很方便，互联网对学习有益列要点：surf the internet; find information; convenient; be good to逻辑：surf the internet; find information; (so) convenient; be good to或者：convenient; be good to; (because, for example) convenient; be good to措辞：convenient: it is convenient for sb to do…surf the internet; find informationsurf the internet for information合并：The Internet can benefit us in many ways. For example, it is convenient for us to surf the internet for information.多少人认为：about 45% of the students think / argue / hold that…最后成句：About 35% of the students think / argue / hold that the Internet can benefit us in many ways. For example, it is convenient for us to surf the internet for information.2.功课紧，平时很少接触互联网列要点：too much homework; seldom use / have access to逻辑：too much homework; (so) seldom use / have access to措辞：They have too much homework, so they seldom use the Internet.润色：With too much homework, they seldom have the chance to use the Internet.合并：About 20% of the students hold that with too much homework, they seldom have the chance to use the Internet.3.使用互联网学习容易分心，互联网对学习有负面影响列要点：can’t focus / distract attention from study; have bad effects on / influence…n egatively逻辑：词块：have bad effects on / influence…negatively -->(导致as a result)can’t focus / distract attention from study; (举例) play gamesThe following suggestions, if carried out, will make a big difference. It is suggested that we should make proper use of the Internet and make it a habit to spend limited time on it just for study instead of burying ourselves in it. After all, the internet acts as a useful tool.4.建议合理使用和养成好习惯，（例如）不要沉迷，（因为）网络是有用的工具。
高考英文写作中常用的逻辑词、句
高考英文写作中常用的逻辑词、句1. 并列关系and, furthermore, more than that, also, likewise, moreover, in addition, what is more, for instance, for example2. 转折关系although, however, on the contrary, but, in spite of, nevertheless, yet, otherwise, despite3. 顺序关系first, second, third, and so on, then, after, before, next4. 因果关系as a result, for, thus, because, for this reason, so, therefore, as, since, consequently, on account of5. 归纳关系as a result, finally, therefore, accordingly, in short, thus, consequently, in conclusion, so, in brief, in a word几个用得比较多的句子:As far as I am concerned, the advantages of … outweigh its disadvantages.Nevertheless, the disadvantages of … is undeniable.To sum up/ In general/ On the whole/ In brief/ In short/ In a word, it is true that … bring about both positive and negative results. But we can try our best to reduce the negative influence to the least extent.Obviously, in every aspect, …This diagram unfolds a clear comparison between…and…As to the other three, though the growth rates were not so high, they were indeed remarkable and impressive.英文作文中常用套句下文中出现的A,B, “...”(某事物), "sb"( somebody),要在写作中要根据上下文进行适当替换.开头:When it comes to ..., some think ...There is a public debate today that ...A is a commen way of ..., but is it a wise one?Recentaly the problem has been brought into focus.提出观点:Now there is a growing awareness that...It is time we explore the truth of ...Nowhere in history has the issue been more visible.进一步提出观点:... but that is only part of the history.Another equally important aspect is ...A is but one of the many effects. Another is ...Besides, other reasons are...提出假想例子的方式:Suppose that...Just imagine what would be like if...It is reasonable to expect...It is not surprising that...举普通例子:For example(instance),...... such as A,B,C and so on (so forth)A good case in point is...A particular example for this is...引用:One of the greatest early writers said ..."Knowledge is power", such is the remard of ... "......". That is how sb comment ( criticize/ praise...). "......". How often we hear such words like there.讲故事(先说故事主体),this story is not rare...., such delimma we often meet in daily life...., the story still has a realistic significance.提出原因:There are many reasons for ...Why .... , for one thing,...The answer to this problem involves many factors.Any discussion about this problem would inevitably involves ... The first reason can be obiviously seen.Most people would agree that...Some people may neglect that in fact ...Others suggest that...Part of the explanation is ...进行对比:The advantages for A for outweigh the disadvantages of... Although A enjoys a distinct advantage ...Indeed , A carries much weight than B when sth is concerned.A maybe ... , but it suffers from the disadvantage that...承上启下:To understand the truth of ..., it is also important to see...A study of ... will make this point clear让步:Certainly, B has its own advantages, such as...I do not deny that A has its own merits.结尾:>From what has been discussed above, we may safely drawthe conclusion that ...In summary, it is wiser ...In short...在作文中引用合适的名言警句,会给你的文章增色许多。
高中英语新高考-英语作文批改的重点：逻辑和地道(两篇学生作文批改的展示)
高中英语新高考-英语作文批改的重点：逻辑和地道（两篇学生作文批改的展示）【作文展示一】（加As,首先保证语法正确）we can see from the diagram, we have 28000 shared cars in 2016, 42000 in 2017, andthe number is expected to increase rapidly in the following years.（图表描述非常简洁，完全符合目标。
）Car-sharing, in my opinion, will benefit us in many ways. Firstly, it’s very convenient, （because,两个句子之间需要有连接词）you just open a car-sharing app, pay for a ride, go to the nearest parking lot and then you can get into a car and go anywhere you want（这么多动词在一起，不是太好，改为：with just a car-sharing app to pay for your ride, you can go wherever you like）.Secondly , car- sharing means an （加一个extra）alternative for those who have shortage of cars(不存在这个词块，直接用without cars即可), thus(这是副词，但可以改为so), they will (加no) longer worry about their long-distance and direct travels. Thirdly, car-sharing means less cars used, less pollution produced and less energy wasted, which is environment-friendly.（这个排比蛮不错的，但是感觉有点头重脚轻，不如改为：car-sharing is undoubted environment-friendly, which means less cars used, less pollution produced and less energy wasted.）To promote car-sharing’s development, we should make shared cars “accessible“(which means they are affordable and easy to get to use) instead of a sort of“luxury”(这个句子已经很好了，如果考虑到修辞效果，例如instead of后是名词，前面如果对称的话，可以这样：we'd better make shared cars a basic affordable necessity instead of a sort of luxury), and(这个最好另起一句，因为长句太长让人读起来不舒服，改为Besides,) laws and regulations related to car-sharing should be (综合后面的原因句，应该是先确立，加一个drawn up as soon as possible and)taken seriously because car-sharing is a very new concept and people should (加一个be allowed time to) learn to use it properly.（最后一段也很优秀，长句不显得拼凑，主要得力于地道的词块）得分：19分优点：语法基础很扎实，词块积累都很好，而且使用这些词块丝毫不显得局促，有地道之美。
高考作文写作思路及高级句式
高考英语写作思路及高级句式应用一、高考英语作文评分标准第五档（21-25）评分标准为：完全完成了试题规定的任务。
—覆盖全部内容要点。
—应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。
—语法结构和词汇方面有些错误，但为尽力运用较困难结构或较高词汇所致；具备较强的语言运用实力。
—有效地运用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。
完全达到预期的写作目的。
二、高考英语写作思路步骤一：仔细审题立意，确定写作类型和中心。
找出依据这个中心能够扩展的材料有哪些，要避开那些与中心内容无关的细微环节。
与此同时确定好人称和时态。
步骤二：围绕中心，依据写作类型列出提纲。
1.常见书信类或有固定模板所依据的争论文类依据文章类型考虑这些作文常用的开头结尾及内容句式，并依据文章提纲和内容确定好可用句式，依据实际状况对可用句式进行敏捷补充转换。
2.内容不确定，无固定模板或者开头结尾可依据的提纲类作文。
依据文章的内容和要点列举可用的高级句式，主要包括常用的语法结构，固定句式，高级词汇和短语等。
步骤三: 依据题目要求，将所列提纲添加合适的连接词或者过渡性的句子，留意字数要求连接成篇。
一、英语写作中常用的逻辑关联词1.并列关系连词：and，both…and…,as well as, not only…but also…,whether…or例：孩子和大人都须要理解和敬重Children and adults both need to be understood and respected.Children as well as adults both need to be understood and respected.Children, and adults as well, need to be understood and respected.Not only children, but also adults need to be understood and respected.Whether he is a child or an adult, he still needs to be understood and respected.递进关系连接词：Besides, in addition, furthermore, moreover, wha t’s more例：另外，这还是一次不错的沟通机会Besides\ in addition\furthermore\moreover\what’s more, it is a good chance for communication.2.转折关系连词：but,yet,however,nevertheless,whereas例：许多人喜爱电子书，而我喜爱纸质书Many people like reading e-books, but\yet I prefer paper books.Many people like reading e-books, however\nevertheless\whereas ,I prefer paper books.3.让步关系连词：although,even if\though,in spite of,despite例：虽然学习压力很大，但还是要每天过得快乐。
(整理版高中英语)高考翻译技巧逻辑分析
高考翻译技巧—逻辑分析逻辑分析指在处理一些句子时，应首先分析原句中各个局部的逻辑关系，然后使用恰当的表达逻辑关系的手段和方式翻译句子。
常见的逻辑关系如：因果关系，让步关系，目的关系等。
〔具体见逻辑关系词局部〕1.这小孩子太淘气, 使得他那忙于工作的父母常常非常生气。
2.这个游戏的规那么太复杂，三言两语解释不清。
3.这部有关第一次世界大战的历史小说引人入胜，我简直爱不释手。
4.噪音太大，听众无法听清楚演讲。
5.6.她也许去上英语课了，她的英语课本不在这儿。
7.孩子进步巨大，期末考试得了第一名。
8.是中国的首都，我在那儿呆了一年的时间。
参考答案1.So naughty is the child that he often upsets his parents who are busy with theirwork2.The rules of the game are too complicated to explain in few words.3.The historical novel about/describing World War I / the First World War is so attractive that Ican’t bear (to do …)/stand parting with it / putting it down (back , aside )/ leaving it aside4.The noise is so big that the audience can not here the lecture clearly.5.The kid often makes trouble in class, which makes his teachers very angry.6.She may have gone to attend the English courses, for her English textbook can not be foundhere.7.The boy made such great progress that he took the first place in the final examinations.8.Beijing is the capital of China where I stayed for one year.。
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英语写作-逻辑问题分析论证句式The mere fact that ticket sales in recent years for screenplay-based movies have exceeded those for book-based movies is insufficient evidence to conclude that writing screenplays now provides greater financial opportunity for writers.It is possible that fees paid by movie studios for screenplays will decrease in the future relative to those for book rights.The argument fails to rule out the possibility that a writer engage in both types of writing as well as other types.In any event, the advertisement provides no justification for the mutually exclusive choice that it imposes on the writer.The argument simply equates success with movie ticket sales, which is unwarranted.The author assumes that physical capabilities are the only attributes necessary to operate a motor vehicle.Moreover, the author provides no evidence that the realism of color photography is the reason for its predominance.This assumption presents a false dilemma, since the two media are not necessarily mutually exclusive alternatives.Common sense tells us that a photographer can succeed by working in both media.The argument ignores the factors - such as initiative, creativity, technical skills, and business judgment - that may be more important than the choice of medium in determining success in photography.The major problem with the argument is that the stated similarities between Company A and B are insufficient to support the conclusion that Company A will suffer a fate similar to Company B’s.Consequently, the mere fact that Company A holds a large share of the video - game hardware and software market does not support the claim that Company A will also fail.Thus, the author unfairly assumes that highly - rated public television programs are necessarily widely viewed, or popular.While this may be true in some cases, it is equally possible that only companies with products that are already best - sellers can afford the higher ad rates that popular shows demand.Admittedly, the vice president’s reasoning linking employee benefits with company profits seems reasonable on the surface.One can infer from the survey’s results that a full one - third of the respondents may have viewed the current benefits package unfavorably.Lacking more specific information about how these other employees responded, it is impossible to assess the reliability of the survey’s results or to make an informed recommendation.It is unlikely that the brief one - week periods under comparison are representative of longer time periods.If so, even though 3 percent more accidents occurred after the change, the author’s argument that changing the speed limit increases danger for drivers would be seriously weakened.The editorial fails to take into account possible differences between East and West Cambria that are relevant to how drivers react to speed - limit changes.In addition, while it is true that many voters change their minds several times before voting, and that some remain undecided until entering the voting booth, this is not true of everyone.Without knowing the extent and nature of the damage resulting from the bad publicity or the reason for the violation, we cannot accept the author’s conclusion.The author’s proposal is inconsistent with the author’s conclusion about the consequences of adopting an ethics code.To begin with, the author fails to consider health threats posed by incinerating trash.The author’s conclusion that switching to incineration would be more salutary for public health would be seriously undermined.However, this is not necessarily the case.The author’s implicit claim that incinerators are economically advantageous to landfills is poorly supported.Consequently, unless the author can demonstrate that the city will incur expenses that are not covered by the increased revenues from these projects, the author’s concern about these issues is unfounded.First of all, while asserting that real incomes are rising, the author provides no evidence to support this assertion.But no evidence is provided to show that this explanation is correct.Moreover, the author fails to consider and rule out other factors that might account for proportional decreases in spending on food.The author ignores other likely benefits of agricultural technology that affect food pieces only indirectly or not at all.In the first place, a great deal of empirical evidence shows that sequels are often not as profitable as the original movie.However, unless the original cast and production team are involved in making the sequel, there is a good chance it will not be financially successful.Since the difficulties inherent in this process make it hard to predict whether the result will be a success or a failure, the conclusion that the sequel will be profitable is presumptuous(武断的) This assumption overlooks other criteria for determining a bridge’s importance - such as the number of commuters using the bridge, the roleof the bridge in local emergencies and disasters, and the impact that bridge closure would have on the economies of nearby cities.Without such evidence, we cannot accept the author’s conclusion that no government funds should be directed toward maintaining the Styx River bridge.The fact that the nearby city has a weakening economy does not prove that the city will not contribute significantly to tax revenues.Substantiating this assumption requires examining the proper duty of government.Accordingly, this assumption is simply an unproven claim.The author is presenting a false dilemma by imposing an either - or choice between two courses of action that need not be mutually exclusive.It is equally possible that legislators can address both areas of concern concurrently.The argument relies on the assumption that the legislators in question(所讨论的)have the opportunity to address urban crime problems.Finally, the author unfairly trivializes the severity of rural crime by simply comparing it with urban crime.It is possible that the sales trend in a particular location is not representative of sales in other regions.However, the author fails to acknowledge and rule out other possible causes of such accidents.A third problem with the argument is that the statistical evidence upon which it relies is too vague to be informative.If the subjects for the study were randomly chosen and represent a diverse cross section of the population of shampoo users, the results will be reliable regardless of the number of participants.Experience alone is far from being enough to guarantee minimized processing costs.Given that Olympic Foods does benefit from lowered processing costs due to its years of experience, the prediction about maximum profits is still in lake of solid ground.。