2015武汉理工大学考博英语大纲问世：沉着应对 见招拆招
博士入学考试英语中常见的翻译词汇
分类词汇homoge neous同质的homo + gene +ous(＜＞ hetero geneo us)^ homo***ual, hetero***ual mainst ream主流主流的dialec t 方言 (v.s. accent)discre pancy差异miscon cepti on 误解 (mis + concep t + ion)= misund ersta ndingbarrie r 障碍(物)~ bar, = barric adediscri minat ion 区别，歧视raci al/***ual discri minat ion? discri minat e (+agains t)hierar chy 等级制度he ir + arch(govern) + yinsula rity岛国性质 (? insula r, ^island)Britis h indust ry has oftenbeen critic izedfor its lingui sticinsula rity.microc osm 小天地 micro+ cosm(os)nostal gia = homesi cknes spatrio t 爱国者 (＜＞ traito r)à patrio tic, patrio tismnotori ety 恶名 (? notori ous)counte rpart对应人，对等物Who’sGeorgeBush’scounte rpart in China?^ counte rcult ure, counte rbala ncepeer 同等的人凝视，窥视(~ peep)subord inate下级下级的＜＞ superi ortactic s 战术，技巧v.s. strate gy (战略，策略)market ing strate gy v.s. sellin g tactic snuance a subtle differ encein meanin gcompat riot同胞同胞的com + patrio tvernac ular本地的，本国的本地话，本国话the vernac ularlangua ges of IndiaHispan ic An Americ an whosefirstlangua ge was Spanis himmigr ation移入~ immigr ant, immigr atev.s. emigra tion (~ emigra nt, emigra te)antipo des Any two places or region s on diamet rical ly opposi te sidesof the Earth“fromNorthAmeric a to the Antipo des”permea te 渗透，弥漫Smok e permea ted the house.entrep reneu r 企业家 (~ enterp rise)à entrep reneu rshippracti tione r 开业者，从业者pra ction(practi ce) + ercelebr ity a famous person= lumina ry, VIPproxy代理人anecdo te 轶事 (à anecdo tal)benchm arkin g 类比分析punctu al 准时的，守时的 (à punctu ality)absent eeism旷工abse nt à absent ee à absent eeismflexti me 弹性工作时间flex(flexib le) + timeharass骚扰 (à harass ment)Mary said that Gary had ***uallyharass ed her.redund ancy冗余，冗员netw ork redund ancydownsi ze 裁员 (~ lay off)ballot投票(= vote)impart ial 不偏不倚的(＜＞ partia l)lobby大堂(n.) 游说(v.)dubbin g 配音录制vogue时尚^ chicbizarr e 奇异的v.s. weird(怪异的)medioc re 平庸的dietit ian 饮食学家 (~ diet)connoi sseur行家，鉴赏家^ entrée, a la carteshortl ist (BE) a list of applic antswho have been deemed suitab le and from whichthe succes sfulperson will be chosen à (v.)equili brium平衡，均衡questi onnai re 调查表，问卷quanti tativ e 定量的 (＜＞ qualit ative)contin gency偶然性，偶然事件incur招致incu r debts/hatred/danger v.s. occur, concur, recurethica l 伦理的，符合伦理的~ ethics, ＜＞ unethi caldubiou s 疑惑的，可疑的 (~ doubt)People were dubiou s aboutthe result.manife stati on 显示，证明 (? manife st)subtit le 字幕，副标题(sub + title)^ subsid iary,submar ine, subway(BE: underg round, tube), suburb(~ downto wn, uptown, outski rts考博英语翻译中可能涉及的热点词汇总裁助理assist ant presid ent综合治理compre hensi ve treatm ent安居工程housin g projec t for low-income urbanreside nts信息化inform ation-based;inform ation izati on智力密集型concen trati on of brainpower;knowle dge-intens ive外资企业overse as-funded enterp rises下岗职工laid-off worker s分流reposi tionof redund ant person nel三角债chaindebts素质教育educat ion for all-rounddevelo pment豆腐渣工程jerry-builtprojec ts社会治安情况law-and-ordersituat ion民族国家nation state台独"indepe ndenc e of Taiwan"台湾当局Taiwan author ities台湾同胞Taiwan compat riots台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。
武汉大学考博英语-10
武汉大学考博英语-10(总分：79.50，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ Reading Comprehension(总题数：5，分数：39.50)Public speaking fills most people with dread. Humiliation is the greatest fear; self- exposure and failing to appeal to the audience come a close second. Women hate it most, since girls are pressurized from an early age to be concerned with appearances of all kinds.Most people have plenty of insecurities, and this seems like a situation that will bring them out. If you were under pressure to be perfect, you are terrified of falling in the most public of ways.Extroverts, on the contrary, will feel less fear before the ordeal. It does not mean they will necessarily do it better. Some very shy people manage to shine. When I met the British comedian Julian Clary, he was shy and cautious, yet his TV performances are perfect.In fact, personality is not the best predictor of who does it well. Regardless of what you are like in real life, the key seems to be to act yourself.Actual acting, as in performing the scripted lines of a character other than yourself, does not do the job. While politicians may limit damage by having carefully rehearsed, written scripts to speak from, there is always a hidden awareness among the audience that the words might not be true.Likewise, the incredibly perfect speeches of many American academics are far from natural. You may end up buying their book on the way out, but soon afterwards, it is much like fast food, and you get a nameless sense that you"ve been cheated.Although, as Earl Spencer proved at his sister Princess Diana"s funeral, it is possible both to prepare every word and to act naturally. A script rarely works and it is used to help most speakers. But, being yourself doesn"t work either. If you spoke as if you were in your own kitchen, it would be too authentic, too unaware of the need to communicate with an audience.I remember going to see British psychiatrist R. D. Laing speak in public. He behaved like a seriously odd person, talking off the top of his head. Although he was talking about madness and he wrote on mental illness, he seemed to be exhibiting rather than explaining it.The best psychological place from which to speak is an unselfconscious self- consciousness, providing the illusion of being natural. Studies suggest that this state of "flow", as psychologists call it, is very satisfying.（分数：8.00）(1).Women hate public speaking most mainly because of ______.（分数：2.00）A.their upbringing very early onB.their inability to appeal to the audienceC.their sense of greater public pressure √D.their sense of greater humiliation解析：[解析] 女人最讨厌当众演讲，因为她们意识到在公众面前有更大的压力。
武汉大学考博英语翻译技巧(01)
4.转换法
名词/介词/形容词/副词----动词
词性转换
动词与副词----名词与形容词 名词----形容词/副词/词组
转
形容词---名词/副词
③hereunder in the event that such failure remains unremedied 60 days 依此如果这种违约行为在60天内没有进行补救的
② after the service of the written notice by the party to the defaulting party specifying the failure in question and requiring it to be remedied. 在收到一方给另一方详细阐明其违约行为并要求补救的书面 通知后
1. 长句处理，拆分重组
④ Either party could terminate the contract 任何一方可以终止合同
① if the other party fails to fulfill or perform any of the obligations 如果另一方未能履行义务
结果,我们从遥远的祖先那里继承了这样一种倾向， 即更加关注周围令人不愉快,带来麻烦的因素,以及大部 分无足轻重的事情，比如网上讨论低俗的匿名帖子.
3.断句增词译法
练习: But from the point of view of daily life, without going deeper, we exist for our fellow-men----in the first place for people (on whose smiles and welfare all our happiness depends), and next for all those unknown to us personally (with whose destinies we are bound up by the tie of sympathy. )
湖北省考博英语-试卷3.doc
湖北省考博英语-试卷3（总分：96. 00，做题时间：90分钟）一、Reading Comprehension（总题数：5,分数：40. 00）The National Trust in Britain plays an increasingly important part in the preservation for public enjoyment of the best that is left unspoiled of the British countryside. Although the Trust has received practical and moral support from the Government, it is not a rich Government department. It is a voluntary association of people who care for the unspoiled countryside and historic buildings of Britain. It is a charity which depends for its existence on voluntary support from members of the public. Its primary duty is to protect places of great natural beauty and places of historical interest. The attention of the public was first drawn to the dangers threatening the great old houses and castles of Britain by the death of Lord Lothian, who left his great seventeenth-century house to the Trust together with the 4500-acre park and estate surrounding it. This gift attracted wide publicity and started the Trust's "Country House Scheme”. Und er this scheme, with the help of the Government and the general public, the Trust has been able to save and make accessible to the public about one hundred and fifty of these old houses. Last year about one and three quarters of a million people paid to visit these historic houses, usually at a very small charge. In addition to country houses and open spaces the Trust now owns some examples of ancient wind and water mills, nature reserves, five hundred and forty farms and nearly two thousand five hundred cottages or small village houses, as well as some complete villages. In these villages no one is allowed to build, develop or disturb the old village environment in any way and all the houses are maintained in their original sixteenth-century style. Over four hundred thousand acres of coastline, woodland, and hill country are protected by the Trust and no development or disturbances of any kind are permitted. The public has free access to these areas and is only asked to respect the peace, beauty and wildlife. So it is that over the past eighty years the Trust has become a big and important organization and an essential and respected part of national life, preserving all that is of great natural beauty and of historical significance not only for future generations of Britons but also for the millions of tourists who each year invade Britain in search of a great historic and cultural heritage.（分数：8. 00）（1）. The National Trust is dedicated to.（分数：2.00）A.preserving the best public enjoymentB.providing the public with free access to historic buildingsC.offering better services to visitors home and abroadD.protecting the unspoiled countryside and historic buildings V解析：解析：细节题。
武汉大学考博英语翻译讲义
University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not. 报考大学的人，有工作经验的优先录取。 It’s essential that the mechanic or technician understand well the characteristics of battery circuits and the proper methods for connecting batteries or cells. 重要的是，技术人员要深入了解电池电路的特性和连 接电池的正确方法。 Bacteria capable of causing disease are known as pathogenic, or disease-producing. 可引地漂拂在宽宽的前额上，脸是短短 的，上唇也是短短的，露出一排闪亮的牙齿，眉 毛又直又黑，睫毛又长又黑，鼻子笔直。
Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs. 外面漆黑一团，下着瓢泼大雨。 It is only shallow people who judge by appearance. 只有浅薄的人才会以貌取人。 It is better to do well than to say well. 说得好不如做得好。 He considered the National Security Council too large and bulky and thus too leaky, too many people who talked too much. 他认为国家安全委员会机构太庞大，人多嘴杂，容易 泄密。
武汉理工大学考试试题纸(A,B卷)
武汉理工大学考试试题纸（A、B卷）（开闭卷）课程名称人力资源管理2002/11 专业班级备注：学生不得在试题上答题（含填空题、选择题等客观题）一、填空题（每空1分，共20分）1、现代人力资源管理的作用包括、、三个层面。
2、作为人力资源管理的理论基础，人性假设理论分别是、、和。
3、工作分析的成果是和两份文件。
4、是诊断人力资源管理功能正常发挥的标志。
5、人力资源预测包括组织内外部的劳动力和组织的劳动力。
7、在Performance Appraisal面谈时要考虑员工的“层次”，即、和三个层次。
8、采用目标考核法所确定的关键业绩指标应具有、、。
9、员工职业的有效管理需要和的共同努力和协作。
二、是非题（对的打√，错的打 ，每题1分，共10分）1、德尔菲预测技术适合于对人力资源需求的短期预测。
（）2、人力资源计划是以市场环境的变化为依据的。
（）3、优秀的工作体系应该是一个社会技术系统。
（）4、一个人一生中成功的工作经历构成了他的职业生涯。
（）5、模糊综合评判法可以用于绩效考核和人力资源预警管理。
（）6、奖酬结构策略是以市场薪酬水平为标准确定的。
（）7、人力资源危机的预警对策包括预警分析和预控对策两大内容。
（）8、使用强制分布评价法能够克服管理人员工作绩效考核标准掌握偏松或偏紧的倾向。
（）9、工作评价能够实现薪酬制度的外部公平。
（）10、把薪酬调查得出的市场薪酬水平作为企业的薪酬标准，可以确定企业工资曲线。
（）三、计算题（10分）假设某公司各个层次员工的流动概率如下表，请据此预测当期的内部人力供给情况。
四、简述题（每小题8分，共32分）1、针对企业的专业技术人员，应如何选择薪酬策略？2、大学毕业生在求职面试时应如何应对招聘人员？3、学习理论的基本思想是什么？对培训工作的启示是什么？4、怎样运用橱窗分析法对自我进行分析？组织应如何在职业管理中予以应用？五、案例分析（共28分）案例神天制药公司的业绩管理1999年6月，段军进入了神天制药公司，工作了将近十个月。
武汉理工大学考博英语模拟试题：考博英语练习
武汉理工大学考博英语模拟试题：考博英语练习1.China reins in economic expansionChina's growth in fixed-asset investment and its money supply slowed considerably in August，providing firm evidence that the government's tightening measures were reining in the country's rapid economic expansion.examda Urban fixed-asset investment in August rose21.5per cent compared with a year ago，a marked slowdown from the30.5per cent expansion from January through July and the slowest for a single month since December2004.M2，the broad indicator for money supply，rose17.9per cent last month compared with 18.4per cent in July and June.China's economy has been growing at a record pace，expanding by11.3per cent in the second quarter.Beijing officials and many economists are concerned that such growth rates are not sustainable in the longer term.The latest economic data，which were released by Qiu Xiaohua，commissioner of China's National Bureau of Statistics，suggest Beijing has been able to control excessive lending and investment to sectors such as real estate that are especially at risk of overheating.Beijing is using a combination of monetary and administrative controls in its attempts to moderate growth.Since late April，China's central bank has twice raised benchmark lending rates and bank reserve requirements.Yesterday it also mopped up a record Rmb225bn（$28.3bn）in its regular open market operations.examdaSu Ning，the deputy central bank governor，said this week at an international conference in Beijing that the country's money supply was slowing dramatically as a result of these measures.At the same time，China's leaders are trying to control unnecessaryproduction-for instance by limiting land rights and enforcing environmental standards in key industries such as steel，cement and automobiles.Beijing is also worried about overlending to urban property projects，including residences，offices and industrial parks，and the threat it could lead to artificially high prices and excess supply.While trying to temper credit and investment growth，Beijing is also attempting to stimulate consumer spending，since it believes a strong middle class will be a key driver of future growth.China's statistics body said August retail sales were up13.8per cent，a rate consistent with that of the previous two months.Demand for oil products，jewellery，automobiles and building has been particularly strong.一、参考译文：8月份中国固定资产投资及货币供应量增长速度明显放缓，这有力地证明，政府的紧缩举措，正在抑制中国经济的迅速扩张。
武大博士英语教学大纲
博士研究生英语教学一．教学目的及目标以感受语言，认识语言，应用语言为主导，以提高学生的实际应用能力为目标。
在反思语言习得的过程中，探索一种全新的教学模式（源于且高于单一语言层面的教学，即基于语篇层面的文本结构，在语篇层面上对文本进行三位一体的诠释，了解英美族人的思维方式），增强论文和学术研究中的批判性思维的意识，培养批判性思维的习惯（通过洞察力达到更深层次的知识和理解），强化创造性技能（区别于侧重于以听力和阅读为主导的接受性技能），即提高学生交际和写作的能力，使之符合清晰性、准确性、精确性、相关性、深度、广度、逻辑和意义的评价标准（限于课时，故侧重于理念教学，本源教学，形态教学，方法论教学，从认识论的角度培养学生的解构能力）。
二．教学理念从传统的侧重于语言层面的教学观念转移到以思维层面为主导，兼顾语言层面的全新的教学观念，即了解英美族人怎么想、怎么组织思想、怎么表达的思维层面，从而实现正确的交际目的（怎么用），完善学习的对象（学以致用），而不只停留在单一的体现语法与词汇的语句即语言层面。
语言是表达思想的物质载体, 是逻辑思维的工具, 是思维过程的再现；而思维对世界的反映是借助于语言来实现的。
三．教学定位以思维模式为切入点（显著区别于本科生，即通过纯粹的联想或死记硬背以及练习来完成的低阶段的学习；硕士生，即大量的知识积累却缺乏知识自身的相关逻辑；以及其他兄弟院校的英语教学，具有武汉大学特色的博士研究生英语教学），提高学生的综合分析能力，倡导英语学习的方法论，以期突破英语学习的瓶颈问题。
知其然更力求知其所以然，强化实践过程中的批判性思维能力（分析性、逻辑性、系统化）。
四．教学手段/方法以三位一体（角度的界定，文献的摘录，功能的区分）的训练方法完成对文本的解构，运用批判性思维的分析能力，以期了解英美族人的思维方式即what to write，组织布局即how to write和结构功能即why to write。
2015年湖北省考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2015年湖北省考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Reading Comprehension 2. Cloze 3. English-Chinese Translation 4. Chinese-English Translation 5. WritingReading ComprehensionI am standing on the seventh-floor balcony of an apartment building overlooking the heart of Moscow. It is a dark city, some might say grim. It looks and feels as if it has been worn down to its bare bones: broken sidewalks, cracked facades, weeds rooted in the very mortar. This city is not easy to look at. So I avert my eyes, and they settle on a little boy sleeping inside the apartment. His name is Alexei. He is 7. With every rise and fall of his chest, Moscow, the used, broken city, is renewed for me a thousand times. A dark place has given me light in the form of my adoptive son. Alexei has been my son for only two days, but I have been waiting three years for him. That’s when I began the adoption process, three years ago, before I even knew of Alexei’s existence. Never in my imaginings did I think that I would one day be so far from home, counting my son’s breaths, counting the hours until we would board a plane for America, a place that he had no conception of “Alexei, “ I had said through a translator as I knelt before him at the orphanage and helped him with his socks. “ What do you know about America?” His reply was immediate: “I will have all the gum I want. “Most people adopt infants or very little children so that as much of their history as possible will be given to them by their parents. But Alexei carries a radiance of native culture: his memories of orphanage life in the once-closed city of Tula; the large, gracious, doting Russian women who have cared for him all his life; the aromatic Russian food he loves, and the language, that impossible, expressive, explosive Russian language that sometimes separates me from him like a wall, but also summons us to heroic legends as we attempt to communicate. I have been in Russia for two weeks. But it wasn’t until the fourth day that I was brought to see Alexei. My Russian contact drove me through 100 miles of a country struggling to get back on its feet after years of internal neglect; pitted roadways, crumbling bridges, warped roofs. It made me recall what someone had once said about Russia, that she is a third-world country with a first-world army. We finally came to an orphanage. Once inside, I stood in a near-empty room, reminding myself that this was the culmination of three years of scrutiny, disappointment, and dead-ends. There were moments when I had told myself, “It’s so much easier to have a kid the natural way. Nobody asks any questions. “ But as a single man, a biological child was not a ready option. I now recognized these as idle thoughts, for I realized that Alexei, even sight unseen, would be as much mine as if he were my natural son. The door opened. A woman came out, her hand on the shoulder of a little boy just awakened from sound sleep.I gave Alexei a Pez candy dispenser, something as alien to him as life in America. After a few moments of scrutiny, he filled with candy, a sure sign of intelligence, for Pez, dispensers are notoriously difficult to load. At the end of our first meeting Iknelt before Alexei and told him I would be back to get him in a week.1．The author watched every rise and fall of Alexei’s chestA．counting his son’s breaths and biding his time to board the planeB．turning his eyes away from the gloomy and dilapidated cityC．feeling a nameless pang of regret about the adoption processD．visualizing the potential of the city to regain its vigor and power正确答案：D解析：作者注视阿列克谢胸部一起一伏，想象该市恢复生机的潜力。
武汉大学考博英语模拟试卷26(题后含答案及解析)
武汉大学考博英语模拟试卷26(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Reading Comprehension 2. English-Chinese Translation 3. Chinese-English Translation 4. WritingReading ComprehensionFriction between America’s military and its civilian overseers is nothing new. America’s 220-year experiment in civilian control of the military is a recipe for friction. The nation’s history has seen a series of shifts in decision-making power among the White House, the civilian secretaries and the uniformed elite(精英). However, what may seem on the outside an unstable and special system of power sharing has, without a doubt, been a key to two centuries of military success. In the infighting dates to the revolution, George Washington waged a continual struggle not just for money, but to control the actual battle plan. The framers of the Constitution sought to clarify things by making the president the “commander in chief.”Not since Washington wore his uniform and led the troops across the Alleghenies to quell(镇压)the Whiskey Rebellion has a sitting president taken command in the field. Yet the absolute authority of the president ensures his direct command. The president was boss, and everyone in uniform knew it. In the Civil War, Abraham Lincoln dealt directly with his generals, and Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton handled administrative details. Lincoln, inexperienced in military matters, initially deferred(顺从)to his generals. But when their caution proved disastrous, he issued his General War Order No. 1—explicitly commanding a general advance of all Union forces. Some generals, George B. McClellan in particular, bridled at his hands-on direction. But in constitutional terms, Lincoln was in the right. His most important decision was to put Ulysses S. Grant in charge of the Union Army in 1864. Left to its own timetable, the military establishment would never have touched Grant. The relationship between the president and his general provides a textbook lesson in civilian control and power sharing. Grant was a general who would take the fight to the enemy, and not second-guess the president’s political decisions. Unlike McClellan, for example, Grant cooperated wholeheartedly in recruiting black soldiers. For his part, Lincoln did not meddle in operations and did not visit the headquarters in the field unless invited. The balance set up by Grant and Lincoln stayed more or less in place through World War I. Not until World War II did the pendulum finally swing back toward the White House. Franklin Roosevelt, who had been assistant Navy secretary during World War I, was as well prepared to be commander in chief as any wartime president since George Washington.1．According to the author, the system of power sharing between the White House and the generals _____.A．is unstable and strangeB．is a guarantee for American military successC．has caused a series of quarrelsD．undermines the bases Of American military power正确答案：B解析：文章开头就指出，美国军界及其文职上司的矛盾由来已久，但是这个貌似脆弱的分享权力的体系，却是二百多年来美国军事胜利的保障。
武汉大学考博英语模拟试卷18(题后含答案及解析)
武汉大学考博英语模拟试卷18(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．Mr. Brown’s condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if he will______.A．pull backB．pull upC．pull throughD．pull out正确答案：C解析：动词pull均可与选项中的介词搭配。
四个词组的意义分别为：pull back 表示“把……向后拉，反悔，(使)撤退，紧缩开支”；pull up“拔起，停下，阻止”；pull through“渡过难关；脱离危险期，恢复健康(=pull round)”；pull out“(火车)离站；撤离，离开”。
根据前半部分的“condition(病，疾病)”可知本题选C。
知识模块：词汇2．The chimney vomited a cloud of smoke.A．ignitedB．immersedC．emittedD．hugged正确答案：C解析：vomit的意思是“吐出，喷出”，在句中的意思是“排放浓烟”。
emit “释放，放出”与它的意思相近，如：The tail exhaust pipe of the motor vehicle emitted poisonous smoke．(机动车的尾部排气管排出有毒的浓烟。
)ignite“点燃”，immerse“浸入”，hug“拥抱”都不符合句意，因此正确答案为C。
知识模块：词汇3．After several nuclear disasters, a_____has raged over the safety of nuclear energy.A．quarrelB．suspicionC．verdictD．controversy正确答案：D解析：空格意思是：经过多次核灾难后，展开了一场关于核能源安全性的辩论。
武汉理工大学研究生英语下单选总结
武汉理工大学研究生英语下单选总结Unit 111. Many traditional Chinese believe that high forehead is B of great mental power.A. objectiveB. indicativeC. directiveD. decisive2. Our country is in great danger; we must D the whole nation to prepare themselves to fight.A. mechanizeB. paralyzeC. monopolizeD. mobilize3. A the bad weather has delayed the flight, so it would be several hours before they could arrive.A. PresumablyB. RespectivelyC. ImaginablyD. Plausibly4. A B speech could inspire the audience and achieve the goal the speaker desired.A. productiveB. provocativeC. instructiveD. ingenious5. B he is a very serious and strict scholar, but actually he is not that kind of person at all.A. VirtuallyB. SeeminglyC. DecisivelyD. Likely6. It’s difficult to D someone politely, but we should try to learn to do so.A. remarkB. flatterC. conflictD. contradict7. A newspaper reader can select what he is interested in andB what he thinks is boring or irrelevant.A. scanB. skipC. scrutinizeD. dash8. Party congresses at all levels are B by Party committees at their respective levels.A. accumulatedB. convenedC. attendedD. participated9. An experienced politician who knew better than to launcha campaign in troubled political waters, she intended to wait for a more A occasion before she announced her plans.A. propitiousB. provocativeC. questionableD. theoretical10. No matter how C the revelations of the coming years may be, they will be hard put to match those of the past decade, whichhave transformed our view of the emergence of Mayan civilization.A. minor dramaticallyB. profound negligiblyC. striking radicallyD. bizarre nominallyUnit 121. He is innocent of the crime and we will B him anyway.A. stand up toB. stand up forC. stand in forD. stand out for2. A good education is an D you can fall back on for the rest of your life.A. indoctrinationB. inventoryC. obligationD. asset3. This poem A a vision of a future world where human being and animals live in peace and harmony.A. conjures upB. impartsC. nurturesD. disdains4. Two rakish-but-sweet men in pursuit of her made her feelD .A. repellentB. palatableC. insidiousD. ambivalent5. Building a new socialist countryside has become a B thing for China in the era.A. prophylacticB. paramountC. permanentD. persistent6. Don’t worry about the stain, it will A if you use this brand of washing powder.A. brush offB. flush offC. break upD. lay off7. He is not trustworthy. His behavior is no C for his words.A. contradictionB. compromiseC. matchD. paradox8. You’ve A since we last met. You were a clerk then, and now you own your own factory.A. come a long wayB. come roundC. come throughD. come over9. He is a D basketball player, and leads all rookies in points, assists, steals and minutes in the playoffs.A. talentB. agileC. versatileD. budding10 He is a versatile actor, one who is able to A himself in allroles and is able to bring the audience into a world of fantasy, filled with dreams, laughter and sadness.A. immerseB. soakC. plungeD. empowerUnit 131. Statistics indicate that, children in the United States are exposed to many influences A those of their families.A. other thanB. rather thanC. better thanD. more than2. Air and the sun’s rays create much distortion, and whatever tends to A influence is useful to the astronomer.A. excludeB. eliminateC. extinguishD. impose3. The young painter had the example of Picasso to B and guide him.A. respireB. inspireC. expireD. induce4. Economic development has grave C on unemployment.A. relationB. connectionC. implicationsD. associate5. Casey founded a company to D the mineral resource in the area.A. cultivateB. employC. capitalizeD. exploit6. The manager said that they had an B plan if what they had submitted was not accepted.A. alternateB. alternativeC. absoluteD. appreciable7. As is generally believed, young people nowadays C ideals that are far superior to their parents.A. summonB. overtakeC. cherishD. overhaul8. I can’t A what has happened to the vegetables, for they were freshly picked this morning.A. figure outB. draw outC. look outD. work out9. There are some disadvantages in living in the country, but,D we like it.A. by any chanceB. by choiceC. by designD. by and large10 John wanted to make his kite go higher, but his father told him to C because it was too windy.A. leave the fieldB. leave it in the coldC. leave well enough aloneD. leave overUnit 141. The prince hoped to A the crown with the help of a foreign army.A. claimB. proclaimC. exclaimD. assert2. Your excuses for not studying during the holidays may be many and D but I still have to keep you busy.A. variationB. varietyC. variantD. various3. The captain of the ship B the passengers that there was no danger.A. insuredB. assuredC. ensuredD. secured4. The wild life in Africa is extremely C and therefore two wildlife research institutes have been established there.A. colorfulB. complicatedC. diverseD. abundant5. His speech was careful and B , but his words seemed to make no sense.A. distinguishedB. distinctC. distinctiveD. distinguishable6. Rumors are everywhere, spreading fear, damaging reputations, and turning calm situations into C ones.A. tragicB. versatileC. turbulentD. suspicious7. He couldn’t B his curiosity to see what was in the box.A. retainB. restrainC. restrictD. represent8. Not having a good command of English can be a seriousA preventing you from achieve your goals.A. barrierB. faultC. offencesD. distress9. No one really knows who composed this piece of music, but it has been D to Bach.A. referredB. associatedC. identifiedD. attributed10. These classroom activities are intended to C children’s language skills.A. fosterB. evolveC. cultivateD. inspireUnit 151. Don’t A it , but I think she has won a lottery of 500,000 Yuan.A. spread aboutB. spread outC. lay outD. disseminate out2. He B the man to disobey orders the central government.A. inspiredB. instigatedC. instilledD. instructed3. The new car has many added C such as a radio, a video, a phone and so on.A. referentsB. refinersC. refinementsD. refillments4. Statistics show one of the principal problems which exists in food processing is the worry about its D .A. hygienicB. hymnalC. cleannessD. hygiene5. The A of the colored lights along the Yangtze River banks forms splendid scenery of Wuhan city.A. interplayB. interplayingC. interactD. interacting6. More rioting in France among college students has A the government’s lack of control.A. underlinedB. shownC. underscoredD. emphasize7. Instead of making people more equal, the British education system B the differences between rich and poor.A. points upB. accentuatesC. stressD. shows8. You C me! I didn’t hear you come in.A. startlingB. surprisedC. startledD. starved9. The company launched a publicity campaign to C the newspape r’s circulation.A. accelerateB. urgeC. boostD. put up10. In view to the present situation, the A of the opinionsamong senators is certainly impossible to reach a consensus.A. divergenceB. differenceC. distractionD. diversification。
武汉理工大学2019年博士研究生入学考试英语试题
武汉理工大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题PART I Vocabulary (15points)Section ADirections: Choose the word that is the closest synonym to the underlined word.1. The government slated new elections in the spring, largely as a result of the public clamor.A. demandB. viewC. requestD. opinion2. The most prolific writer is not necessarily the best.A. written-aboutB. productiveC. artfulD. religious3. Imagine my vexation when they said they would come to dinner and then didn't show.A. enlightenmentB. astonishmentC. annoyanceD. contrariness4. Any troop of wild animals should be approached warily.A. fearlesslyB. confidentlyC. silentlyD. prudently5. There is little learning involved when one is reprimanded two or three months after the deed.A. recommendedB. reproachedC. recompensedD. reversed6. Archaeologists are interested in pottery, figurines and other vestiges of ancient civilizations.A. tracesB. shardsC. productsD. artifactsA. extravagant D. impulsiveA. painstaking D. gaudy9. The jurors came to a deadlock in the defendant's trial for murder.A. a decision of guiltyB. a decision to punish by electrocutionC. an impasseD. an unusual verdict10. Among the lowest of the judicial ranks, justices of the peace nevertheless frequently exercise jurisdictionover a variety of misdemeanors.A. guidanceB. sovereigntyC. authorityD. suzerainty11. A mistake is rarely atoned for by a single apology, however profuse.A. extravagantB. producedC. divergentD. repetitious12. Her office in the First National Bank building is provisional.A. permanentB. temporaryC. corruptD. craven13. The burglars ransacked the room taking anything of value they found.A. demolishedB. took overC. inhabitedD. thoroughly searched14. The whole of the endowment was used to refurbish the school gymnasium.A. millionairesB. endorsementsC. governmentsD. donations15. The massacre of innocent people cannot ever be condoned.A. overlookedB. praiseC. condemnedD. satisfiedSection BDirections: Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.16. When he realized the true nature of the proposal, he ________ all communication with the group.A. convertB. avertedC. severedD. make17. The worsening financial situation made it obvious that an economic depression was _____.A. attainableB. remoteC. imminentD. eminent18. All of the dental instruments need to be _______ before the next patient is seen.A. heatedB. scaldedC. sterilizedD. burned19. Rock climbing is so popular now that many people are able to ________ the steepest face with great agility.A. scaleB. surpassC. overcomeD. mount20. If you call the 911 emergency number, they will ________ firemen, policemen, and paramedicsimmediately.A. assignB. detachC. attachD. dispatch21. His evident _______ to his wife despite her indiscretion proved him to be a man of integrity.A. personalityB. characterC. fidelityD. morality22. I don't know why he has been given ________. It wasn't his accomplishment but his wife's.A. acclaimB. confidenceC. reimbursementD. robustness23. After a concert tour in Asia, Canada and the U. S., he will _______ work on a five-language opera.A. confineB. indulgeC. resumeD. undergo24. When Ph. D candidates ________ their impending professorships, they consider housing benefits offered bythe prospective universities.A. anticipateB. assumeC. applyD. demand25. My supply of confidence slowly ________ as the deadline approached.A. withdrewB. eliminatedC. exterminatedD. diminished26. The battle is of great significance when viewed in the ________ of the progress of the war.A. prospectiveB. respectiveC. perspectiveD. prescriptive27. It has long been known that total sleep ________ is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet, upon examination of thedead bodies, the animals look completely normal.A. depositionB. destructionC. deprivationD. reduction28. In that country, hospital doctors don't go sightseeing very often because their work ________ almost alltheir time.A. takes upB. takes offC. takes apartD. takes over29. According to the law of that country, the Parliament will have to be ________ before the General Election.A. decomposedB. dispersedC. dissolvedD. disintegrated30. He failed to carry out some of the provisions of the contract, and now he has to ________ the consequences.A. answer forB. run intoC. abide byD. step intoPART Ⅱ Grammar (15 points)Section ADirections: Choose the letter that indicates the error in the sentence.31. Switzerland is best known for its majesty mountain range and thousands flock to the AlpsA B Ceach year to take advantage of their ideal skiing conditions.D32. Police were sent to disperse the crowds but ended up by shooting down protesters and itA Bwas in this chaos that the seeds of political liberation were sown.C D33. Even today, through the hustle and bustle of Nevsky Prospect, St Petersburg's main street,A Bthe classical beauty of the city mesmerizes the eye.C D34. She is furious of her son's grades in school, which explains why Mark is jealous of Julia's high AB Cmarks on the exam.D35. Smog-choked Southern California demands them. It's a car for people who never want to goAto a gas station again. But the fact is, for all the talk, selling gas-less machines has been aB Chard-sell.D36. People thought: Hey, eat a carp and you will be taking in what it is that gives you these fishA Btheir long life-span. Of course, it hasn't done a lot of good for these carp.C Dpersonal ability rating, when they are challenged but can he victorious, rather than merelyBsurmounting the mediocre.D38. In proposing such philanthropic donations, the director of the company certainly spoke fromA Ba genuine concern for the needy and not any desire for personal accolades.C D39. The armor, infantry and other military forces were held up by the enemy counter attack,A B Cthus caused the delay in the advance.D40. Just as children the world over like Christmas rooming, adults so like Christmas eveningA B Cwhen peace and calm return to the household.D41. Each employee with a modicum of intelligence would be able to undertake such a basic process.A B C D42. The economic situation will improve given that there is forecast to be less unemploymentA Band closures than in previous years.C D43. The three most important issues of concern to citizens today are prison reform,A Babusing children and toxic waste.C D44. I was on the verge of incurring Mr. Rochester's wrath by not listening to his prohibitions,A Bwhile a ray once more shone almost imperceptibly on the hallway wall and I heard his muffledC Dstep on the carpet.45. The above is the most important aspect which apes can be told from more primitive socialA B C Dgroupings.Section BDirections: Choose the answer that best fills in the blank.46. ________ that the earth was flat?A. Used it to be thoughtB. Did it used to be thoughtC. Was it need to being thoughtD. Does it used to be thought47. It is most inappropriate ________ in the college VIP lounge.A. for any students to be thereB. for there to be any studentsC. to be any students thereD. to have there any students48. She ________ much more accurate responses now, had she taken more pains in devising the questions.A. gotB. would have gotC. had gotD. would be getting49. An extensive foundation in the basic sciences should be required of all science students, ________.A. whether they are future physicists or chemists.B. be they future physicists or chemists.C. they are future physicists or chemists.D. they should be future physicists or chemists.50. The general opinion is that he is ________ to complain.A. so much a milquetoastB. too a milquetoastC. too much of a milquetoastD. so much of a milquetoast51. Although of course there are exceptions, it seems reasonably dear that in certain countries - Rwanda,Somalia and parts of the former Yugoslavia come to mind-hunger is less a result of an absolute food shortage, ________ a policy decision or the political situation.A. than ofB. rather thanC. but the result ofD. than is52. The ozone layer plays as great a role in the suability of spaceship Earth as ________ the waters of its lakes,ponds, oceans, rivers, and streams.A. doB. doesC. playD. are53. Perhaps I should not have done so, but I changed my mind about the new job even though I was ________last week.A. to be startedB. to have startedC. to have been startingD. start54. Despite an overlay of quasi-literary French vocabulary stemming from the Norman Invasion of 1066, thedaily vocabulary of English remained Germanic, _______ its grammatical structure.A. the same areB. and so areC. as didD. and so were55. Although money is always useful, it isn't all ________.A. what there is to lifeB. to which there is in lifeC. there is to lifeD. that is in life56. ________ ever so humble, there's no plane like home.A. It beB. Be itC. It wasD. Was it57. ________ all customs, no matter how sacrosanct, are essentially learned reactions appropriate, perhaps onlyto the holders thereof is a basic assumption of anthropologists.A. NearlyB. It is nearlyC. That nearlyD. When nearly58. Although women cluster to him like moths around a flame, he is none ______ happier for it.A. butB. theC. matchD. any59. The major reason why Americans enjoy an abundant food supply is that the arable land at their disposal forfood production is ________.A. three times more the world averageB. three times as much the world averageC. three times the world averageD. the world average is three times60. The sound of the roaring of a tiger is ________ heard by jungle dwellers ________ feelings of unease, for ayear does not elapse without victims falling to the tiger's ferocity.A. always...withB. ever...withoutC. ever...withD. never...withoutPART ⅢClone test (10 points)Directions: Choose the word that best completes the meaning.One of the basic characteristics of capitalism is the private ownership of the major means of production-capital. The ownership of large amounts of capital can bring __61__ profits, as well as economic and political power. Some recent theorists,63 _that they call "postindustrial" society. One important change in such society is that the ownership of 64 amounts of capital is no longer the important 65 of profits and influence; knowledge as well as 66 capital brings profits and influence.There are many 67 with the thesis above, not the least of 68 is that wealthy capitalists can buy the experts and knowledge they need to keep their profits and influence. But this does not 69 the importance of knowledge in an advanced industrial society, as the 70 of some new industries indicates. 71 , genetic engineering and the new computer technology have 72 many new fines and made some scientists quite rich. In 73 with criticism of the postindustrial society thesis, however, it must also be 74 that those already in control of huge amounts of capital (i.e., major corporations) soon 75 to take most profits in these industries based on new knowledge.Moving down from the level of wealth and power, we still find knowledge increasingly 76 . Many new high-tech jobs are being created at the upper-skill, low-paying service 77 . Something like a caste line is emerging centered around knowledge. Individuals who fall too far behind in the 78 of knowledge at a young age will find it almost impossible to catch up later, no matter how hard they try. Illiteracy in English language has been a severe 79 for marry years in the United States, but we are also moving to the point when computer illiteracy will hinder many more people and 80 them to a life of low-skill and low-paid labor.61. A. quantitative B. extensive C. comprehensive D. sophisticated62. A. moreover B. however C. therefore D. nevertheless63. A. aggression B. proficiency C. productivity D. evolution64. A. dominant B. impressive C. magnificent D. significant65. A. source B. factor C. component D. element66. A. adequate B. profitable C. material D. spiritual67. A. advantages B. consequences C. problems D. potentials68. A. them B. those C. which D. that69. A. deny B. refuse C. admit D. acknowledge70. A. emergence B. innovation C. extinction D. discovery71. A. In addition B. For example C. Above all D. In short72. A. produced B. created C. improved D. facilitated73. A. line B. need C. doubt D. match74. A. idealized B. recognized C. supervised D. summarized75. A. stepped in B. settled down C. leaned over D. mined out76. A. accessible B. important C. popular D. abundant77. A. enterprises B. employment C. professions D. industries78. A. control B. mastery C. search D. pursuit79. A. handicap B. penalty C. inconvenience D. shortcoming80. A. enforce B. punish C. confine D. condemnPART ⅣREADING OOMPREHENSION (30 points)Directions: Answer all questions based on the information in the passages below.Passage 1Let us assume, for the moment, that labor is not prepared to work for a lower money-wage and that a reduction in the existing level of money-wages would lead, through strikes or otherwise, to a withdrawal from the labor market of labor which is now employed. Does it follow from this that the existing level of real wages accurately measures the marginal disutility of labor? Not necessarily. For, although a reduction in the existing money-wage would lead to a withdrawal of labor, it does not follow that a fall in the value of the existing money-wage in terms of wage-goods would do so, if it were due to a rise in the price of the latter. In other words, it may be the case that within a certain range the demand of labor is for a minimum money-wage and not for a minimum real wage. The classical school has tacitly assumed that this would involve no significant change in their theory. But this is not so. For if the supply of labor is not a function of real wages as its sole variable, their argument breaks down entirely and leaves the question of what the actual employment will be quite indeterminate. They do not seem to have realized that, unless the supply of labor is a function of real wages alone, their supply curve for labor will shift bodily with every movement of prices. Thus their method is tied up with their very special assumptions, and cannot be adapted to deal with the more general case.Now ordinary experience tells us, beyond doubt, that a situation where labor stipulates (within limits) for a money-wage rather than a real wage, so far from being a mere possibility, is the normal case. Whilst workers will usually resist a reduction of money-wages, it is not their practice to withdraw their labor whenever there is a rise in the price of wage-goods. It is sometimes said that it would be illogical for labor to resist a reduction of money-wages but not to resist a reduction of real wages. For reasons given below, this might not be so illogical as it appears at first; and, as we shall see later, fortunately so. But, whether logical or illogical, experience shows that this is how labor in fact behaves.Moreover, the contention that the unemployment which characterizes a depression is due to a refusal by labor to accept a reduction of money-wages is not clearly supported by the facts. It is not very plausible to assert that unemployment in the United States in 1932 was due either to labor obstinately refusing to accept a reduction of money-wages or to its obstinately demanding a real wage beyond what the productivity of the economicmachine was capable of furnishing. Wide variations are experienced in the volume of employment without any apparent change either in the minimum real demands of labor or in its productivity. Labor is not more truculent in the depression than in the boom-fax from it. Nor is its physical productivity less. These facts from experience are a prima facie ground for questioning the adequacy of the classical analysis.81. "Labor is not prepared to work for a lower money-wage". The sentence means ________.A. a fall in the value of the existing money-wage would lead to a withdrawal of laborB. a rise in the price of wage-goods would lead to a withdrawal of laborC. the demand of labor is for a rise of existing money-wageD. the demand of labor is for reduction in the value of real wages82. The classical school refers to ________.A. those scholars with traditional ideaB. the traditional schoolC. the experts who hold to the standard theoryD. all of the above83. According to the author, the supply curve for labor depends on the ________.A. red money wagesB. movement of priceC. function of money-wagesD. both A & B84. “Their" method cannot be adapted to deal with the more general case because they have not realized that________.A. a fall in the value of real wages would lead to a withdrawal of the labor from market of laborB. a reduction in the existing level of money-wages would lead to a withdrawal from the labor market oflaborC. the supply of labor is not a function of real wagesD. the demand of labor is only for a minimum money-wages85. How dose labor usually behave?A. Labor would stipulate for money-wage.B. Labor would violently resist a reduction of real wages.C. Labor would strenuously resist a reduction of both money-wages and real wages.D. Labor would stipulate for real wages.86. The last paragraph of thus passage indicates that ________.A. labor resisted a reduction of money-wages, which characterized the depression of the 1930s in the U.S.B. labor demanded a real wage, which characterized the depression of 1930s in the U. S.C. neither labor refusing to work for a lower money-wage nor demanding a real wage could characterize thedepression of 1930s in the U. S.D. both A & BPassage 2The law of private international tribunals with respect to conflicts of interest of arbitrators is quite extensive, albeit by no means uniform. It relates both to what will disqualify an arbitrator and to what the arbitrator must disclose during the selection process. Most national legal systems have statutory rules as to the type of interests, relationships, and experiences that disqualify an arbitrator. Not infrequently, the disqualifying factors are identical for arbitrators and judges, although they may treat domestic and international arbitration somewhat differently, and may indeed supplement the international roles with additional features. A closer look reveals that courts and arbitration agencies tend to apply the regulations relatively lightly, recognizing that arbitratorsmove in the highly interconnected world of affairs, and do not stand aloof from commerce as judges do. Accordingly, acquaintanceship with the parties and their counsel does not suffice to disqualify, whereas actual business or legal connections will. Inasmuch as judges do not seek more work, although arbitrators generally do, suspicions arise that an arbitrator's favor may incline to the party or counsel who has in the past and may again in the future provide employment.The uncertainty in the held is at its most troubling when arbitrators are party-appointed. Some argue that such arbitrators should fulfill he same functions and satisfy the same qualifications as third-party arbitrators, others dispute any real claim to objectivity. The latter view has had considerable currency, particularly in the United States, where courts and drafters of state laws regard such advocates as pawns of the appointers. Imposing standard of neutrality and disinterestedness on them would he futile.It follows from this dichotomy between party-appointed and non-party-appointed arbitrators that opinion on the question of their nationality is also split. A party needs to be expected to choose a fellow national. This question of nationality is acute when one party to the arbitration is a governmental agency and one or more of the arbitrators are likewise nationals; a foreign enterprise contract calling for such arbitration may be foolhardy. The slate is largely blank with respect to roles for the conduct of arbitrators outside the field of conflict of interests. Considering only the matter of ex-parte communications, American case law is astonishing lax, refusing to set aside awards where such communication obtained between an arbitrator and a party without the presence of the other party, thereby violating evidentiary rules requiring the attendance of both patties. The differences in views on this topic indicate how useful a set of guidelines might be.87. The best title for this passage is __________.A. International Arbitrators: Causes and SolutionsB. Arbitrators: Causes and SolutionsC. Arbitrators: Problems in PracticeD. International Arbitrators and Conflicts of Interests88. The expression "They may treat" refers to __________.A. arbitrators and judgesB. national legal systemsC. experiencesD. disqualifying factors89. Courts and agencies __________.A. do not apply their regulations strictlyB. often consider arbitrators as judgesC. understand the general relationship between business and arbitratorsD. may be described by all of the above90. A third-party arbitrator is one who is chosen __________.A. to supplement the two arbitrators chosen by the contending sidesB. to reach a final decision after the two arbitrators have submitted their decisionC. by someone not involved in the matter in disputeD. as a pawn of the appointers91. A foreign enterprises contract is a bad idea __________.A. in all casesB. when each partner picks an arbitratorC. when third party arbitrators are involvedD. when a government agency is one side of the contract92. "Ex-parte communications" refer to __________.A. something that cannot be determined by the textB. all parties being present when matters involving them are discussedC. the requirement to set aside a decisionD. impartialityPassage 3Ask an American schoolchild what he or she is learning in school these days and you might even get a reply, provided you ask it in Spanish. But don't bother, here’s the answer: Americans nowadays are not learning any of the things that we learned in our day, like reading and writing. Apparently these are considered fusty old subjects, invented by white males to oppress women and minorities.What are they learning? In a Vermont college town I found the answer sitting in a toy stone book rack, next to typical kids' books like "Heather Has Two Mommies and Daddy is 'Dysfunctional"'. It's a teacher's guide called "Happy to Be Me", subtitled "Building Self-Esteem”. Self-esteem as it turns out, is a big subject in American classrooms. Many American schools see building it as important as teaching reading and writing. They call it "whole language" teaching, borrowing terminology from the granola people to compete in the education marketplace.No one ever spent a moment building my self-esteem when I was in school. In fact, from the day I first stepped inside a classroom my self-esteem was one big demolition site. All that mattered was "the subject", be it geography, history, or mathematics. I was praised when I remembered that "near", "fit", "friendly", "pleasing", "like" and their opposites took the dative case in Latin. I was reviled when I forgot what a cosine was good for. Generally, I lived my school years beneath a torrent of castigation as consistent I eventually ceased to hear it, as people who live near the sea eventually stop hearing the waves.Schools have changed. Reviling is out, for one thing. More important, subjects have changed.Whereas I learned English, modern kids learn something called "language skills". Whereas I learned writing, modern kids learn something called "communication". Communication, the book tells us, is seven per cent words, twenty three per cent facial expression, twenty per cent tone of voice, and fifty percent body language. So this column, with its carefully chosen words, would earn at most a grade of seven per cent. That is, if the school even gave out something as oppressive and demanding as grades.The result is that, in place of English classes, American children are getting a course in "How to Win Friends and Influence People". Consider the new attitude toward journal writing: I remember one high school English class when we were required to keep a journal. The idea was to emulate those great writers who confided in dimes, searching their soul and honing their critical thinking on paper."Happy to Be Me" states that journals are a great way for students to get in touch with their feelings. Tell students they can write one sentence or a whole page. Reassure them that no one, not even you, will read what they write. After the unit, hopefully all students will be feeling good about themselves and will want to share some of their entries with the class.There was a time when no self-respecting book for English teachers would use "great” or "h opefully" that way. Moreover, back then the purpose of English courses (an antique term for "Unit") was not to help students "feel good about themselves". Which is good, because all that reviling didn’t make me feel particularly good about anything.93. In paragraph 2, "whole language" teaching is in inverted commas because __________.A. the writer is using direct speechB. the writer is questioning the education conceptC. the words quoted have been extracted from a translationD. the writer is quoting from another source94. In paragraph 3, the author is clearly expressing his idea about self-esteem. He believes that it is__________.A. essential that self-esteem should be promoted in American schools because the author used to suffer from alack of self-esteem as a childB. equally important to equip children with the necessary skills and knowledge they will require in the futureC. important to remember how mush school children used to suffer from a lack of self-esteemD. reassuring to observe that children benefit from the promotion of a positive image96. Which of the following is the writer implying in paragraph 4?A. Self-criticism has gone too far.B. Evaluating criteria are inappropriate nowadays.C. Communication is a more comprehensive category than language skills.D. This column does not meet the demanding evaluating criteria of today.96. We may infer from paragraph 4 that the writer generally disagrees with one of the following ideas__________.A. the whole concept of communication is being perceived differentlyB. the way American children communicate among themselves is more important than anything elseC. academic skills should be encouraged and promoted in the American education systemD. the progress that American children could be monitor with more traditional methods97. In this passage, the writer is clearly stating the intention which is to get the reader to _____.A. confirm current education trends and teaching methodsB. rethink and reorganize educational strategiesC. think about the various elements which constitute what we call "communication" nowadaysD. reassure the parents about the methodology currently being used in American schools98. What's the best summary for this passage?A. New educational theories will revolutionize the way our children learn.B. The influence of new methodology will spread worldwide.C. Personal values like self-esteem will become predominant for school children in the future.D. Current education trends may jeopardize the prospects of future generations.Passage 4"Sloganeering" did not originate in the 1960s. The term has a rich history. It originated from the Gaelic word slaughgharim, which signified a "host-shout," “war c ry," or "gathering word or phrase of one of the old Highland clans; hence the shout or battle cry of soldiers in the field." English-speaking people began using the term by 1704. The team at the time meant "the distinctive note, phrase, or cry of any person or body of persons." Slogans were common throughout the European continent during the middle age, and they were utilized primarily as "passwords to insure pooper recognition of individuals at right or in the confusion of battle." The American revolutionary rhetoric would not have been the same without "the Boston Massacre," "the Boston Tea Party," "the shot heard around the world," and shouts of "no taxation without representation" . Slogans operate in s ociety as social “symbols" and, as such, their intended o r perceived meaning may be difficult to grasp and their impact or stimulation may differ between and among individuals and groups.。
武汉理工大学研究生英语口语复试questions题库
研究生英语口语复式1、What can you tell me about yourself？（关于你自己，你能告诉我些什么？）2、What would you like to be doing five years after graduation？（在毕业以后5年内你想做些什么？）3. What is your greatest strength？（你最突出的优点是什么？）4. What is your greatest weakness？（你最大的弱点是什么？）I‘m such a perfectionist that I will not stop until a job is well done.5. How do you feel about your progress to date？“（对于你至今所取得的进步你是怎样看的？）二、其他常见问题6.Why did you choose Wuhan university of Technology？7.Why did you choose School of Automation？8.What would you like to be doing five years after graduation？9.What has been your greatest accomplishment？10.Describe your greatest strengths and weaknesses.11.What have you learned from the jobs you have held？三、行为面试问题（Sample Behavioral Interview Questions）:12.Describe the best/worst team of which you have been a member.13Tell me about a time when your course load was heaviest. How did you get all of your work done？14.Give me a specific example of a time when you sold someone on an idea or concept.15.Tell me about a time when you were creative in solving a problem.16.Describe a time when you got co-workers or classmates who dislike each other to work together.17.Tell me about a time when you made a bad decision.四、压力面试问题（Sample Stress Interview Questions）:18.What kinds of people do you find it difficult to work with？19.What are some of the things you find difficult to do？20.How would you evaluate me as an interviewer？21.What interests you least about MBA？22.How do you handle rejection？23.What is the worst thing you have heard about our school？24.See this pen I‘m holding. Sell it to me.五、案例面试问题（Sample Case Interview Questions）:25.A chain of grocery stores currently receives its stock on a decentralized basis. Each store deals independently with its suppliers. The president of the chain is wondering whether the firm can benefit from a centralized warehouse. What are the key considerations in making this decision？六、非常规问题:26.It is the 15th Century. How do convince the Pope that the Earth is round？27. If I gave you an elephant，where would you hide it？28. Why are soda cans tapered on the top and bottom？29. How much RAM does a PC need to run Windows95？30. You are in a boat on a fresh water lake. In your hand is a rock. You throw the rock into the lake. How is the lake‘s water level affected？31. If it rained music，what would grow？32. Describe your best friend and what he or she does for a living.33. In what ways are you similar or different from your best friend？34.What are your career‘s strengths and how do you capitalize on them？35. Are you a happy person？36. According to JRM，Jr.，a fast growing software company asked this question……You have a wealthy aunt who weighs 300 pounds. Tell me how you would redesign her toilet.七、其他常见的英语面试问题:37.Would you please make a brief introduction about yourself？38.Why did you take the MBA examination？Would you please say something about the currently MBA program in China？39.Why do you choose RENMIN University to study MBA？Tell me a little about RENMIN University form your understanding.40.How do the people around you review MBA？41.What‘s the difference between MBA program at home and abroad？42.If you failed this time what will you do in the near future？43.Why do you want to be a part of MBA students？44.Why do you think you are qualified for MBA program？45.Do you have a career plan in 5 years？46.Do you have a study plan if you were accepted as a MBA student？47.What‘s your opinion about the requirement that a MBA student must have working experience？48.How do you define marketing or management？49.Do you think English is quite important in MBA study？Why？50.Do you think MBA training courses will help you a lot in your future life？Why？51.What do you want to do after your MBA study？52.What is the most important qualification that a MBA student should have？53.Say a little about teamwork.54.Say a little about management.55.How communication works in organizations？56.Tell me the relationship between the management and management theory.57.What will you do if you can‘t find a job？58.Do you think that the economy will get better？59.Who are you currently employed with？60.What kinds of opportunities are you looking for？61.What is your biggest accomplishment on the job？62.What joy did you enjoy the most and why？63.What would your former boss say about you？64.Why did you leave your last job？65.Please tell me a little about your working history？What kind of fields？66.Say a little about your educational background.67.What are your strengths and weakness？68.What do you do in your spare time？69.What is your impression of Beijing？70.What is CFO？If you were a CFO，what would you do？71.What is the difference between sales and marketing？72.What do you think is the most important as a manager？73.What changes do you anticipate in our school？（你希望我们学校会有些什么样的变化）74.Which is the best course in our school？（什么课程是我们院最好的课程）75.does our school provide some guidance of job to MBA？1.What’s your name?2.Does your name have any special meaning?3.Where were you come from?4.What kind of landscape surrounds your hometown?5.What is the climate like in your hometown?6.What is people’s favorite food in your region?7.What do you do during the Spring Festival?8.Can you describe one of the main festivals celebrated ?9.Tell me something about the customs of your hometown.10.How long have you lived in XXX?11.What place in XXX do you like best?Why?12.Which is the best place you’ve been to China?13.What is the biggest problem you will face?14.Could you tell me something about your family?15.When will you get married?16.What social responsibilities should a post-graduate take?17.What difficulties do your parents have concerning their old age?18.Which kind of professor do you like best?19.What does friendship mean to you?What kind of people do you make friend with?20.What is your major?21.How do you like your major?22. When and where did you graduate?What qualifications have you obtained?23.What impressed you most when you were at university?24.What is the best university in your opinion?25.Could you sum up your own study habits in a few points?26.Do you think the subjects you are studying today are relevant to present-day society?Why?27.What do you do for a living?28.What are your job prospects?29.If you had the opportunity to change your subject,what would you do with it?30.What are your spare time interests?31.How do you spend your weekends?32.What is your favorite sport?What are the rules?33.What kind of films do you like best?34.What kind of music do you enjoy?35.Where have you been traveling to?Which place interested you most?36.Do you enjoy traveling?If yes. Where and why?37.What kind of differences in the system of higher education between China and other countries?38.What problem do you think you will have in XXX?39.How will you overcome the difficulties?40.Do you think you will be able to cope with English-demands of your intended study program?41.What difficulties do you think you’ll encounter in your studies?42.What do you intend to study?43.Why did you choose our university?44.Would you want to be a volunteer during Olympic Games?45.If there were an opportunity of studying abroad, what would you do?46.Should you study more theory or do more practice?Give your reasons,please.47.What do you intend to do after you finish studying?48.What do you think of the future of China keeps an open policy?49.What do you regard as the most significant events in recent history?50.What aspect of English do you find the most difficult?51.How aware do you think people are nowadays about environmental issues?52.How serious is unemployment among young people?53.In your opinion,what are the most serious problems associated with modern life?54.What do you think have been the most important changes in your study field over the past5years?55.As there are more and more private cars,what do you think the government should do in order to encourage citizens to use public transport?56.How do you see yourself in ten years’time?57.What business do you hope to have?58.What will do if you cannot find a job after graduation?59.How do you afford your tuition?60.Does your family support your decision on studying?What help do they offer?1. What made you decide to change your job?A: May I ask you why you left the former company ？Can you sell yourself in two minutes ？Go for it.Give me a summary of your current job descript_ion.Why did you leave your last job ？How do you rate yourself as a professional ？What contribution did you make to your current (previous) organization ？What do you think you are worth to us ？What make you think you would be a success in this position ？Are you a multi-tasked individual ？What is your strongest trait(s) ？How would your friends or colleagues describe you ？What personality traits do you admire ？What leadership qualities did you develop as an administrative personnel ？How do you normally handle criticism ？What do you find frustrating in a work situation ？How do you handle your conflict with your colleagues in your work?How do you handle your failure ？What provide you with a sense of accomplishment.If you had a lot of money to donate, where would you donate it to ？Why ？What is most important in your life right now ？What current issues concern you the most ？How long would you like to stay with this company ？Could you project what you would like to be doing five years from now ？1. What is important to you in a job?2. Why do you want to work for this organization?3. Why should we employ you?4. If we hire you, how long will you stay with us?5. Can we offer you a career path?6. What are your greatest strengths?7. What are you greatest weakness?8. What didn\'\'t you like of previous jobs you\'\'ve held?9. How do you spend your leisure time?10. Are there any weaknesses in your education or experience?11. Where do you want to be five years from now?12. What are your salary expectations?13. What would you do if……?14. What type of position are you interested in?15. Tell me something of yourself.16. Do you have any questions of the organization or the job?Third One: Why do you feel you are qualified for this job?Think back to your last review. What suggestions did your supervisor have for improvement?Describe a project you worked on that didn’t turn out as well as you expected.4. In what area of your work do you think you can be more effective?1. Would you please make a brief introduction about yourself?2. Why did you take the MBA examination?Would you please say something about the currently MBA program in China?3. Why do you choose RENMIN University to study MBA?Tell me a little about RENMIN University form your understanding.4. How do the people around you review MBA?5. What’s the difference between MBA program at home and abroad?6. If you failed this time what will you do in the near future?7. Why do you want to be a part of MBA students?8. Why do you think you are qualified for MBA program?9. Do you have a career plan in5years?10. Do you have a study plan if you were accepted as a MBA student?11. What’s your opinion about the requirement that a MBA student must have working experience?12. How do you define marketing or management?13. Do you think English is quite important in MBA study?Why?14. Do you think MBA training courses will help you a lot in your future life?Why?15. What do you want to do after your MBA study?16. What is the most important qualification that a MBA student should have?17. Say a little about teamwork.18. Say a little about management.19. How communication works in organizations?20. Tell me the relationship between the management and management theory.21. What will you do if you can’t find a job?22. Do you think that the economy will get better?23. Who are you currently employed with?24. What kinds of opportunities are you looking for?25. What is your biggest accomplishment on the job?26. What joy did you enjoy the most and why?27. What would your former boss say about you?28. Why did you leave your last job?29. Please tell me a little about your working history?What kind of fields?30. Say a little about your educational background.31. What are your strengths and weakness?32. What do you do in your spare time?33. What is your impression of Beijing?34. What is CFO?If you were a CFO,what would you do?35. What is the difference between sales and marketing?1.Where do you come from?2.What kind of landscape surrounds your hometown?3.What do you do during the Spring Festival?4.Tell me something about the customs of your hometown.5.Could you tell me something about your family?6.What social responsibilities should a post-graduate take?7.Which kind of professor do you like best?8.What does friendship mean to you and what kind of people do you make friend with?9.What is your major? How do you like your major?10. When and where did you graduate?What qualifications have you obtained?11.What impressed you most when you were at university?12.What is the best university in your opinion?13.Do you think the subjects you are studying today are relevant to present-day society?Why？14.What do you do for a living?15.What are your job prospects?16.If you had the opportunity to change your subject,what would you do with it?17.What are your spare time interests?18.Where have you been traveling to?Which place interested you most?19.What kind of differences in the system of higher education between China and other countries?20.Do you think you will be able to cope with English-demands of your intended study program?21.What difficulties do you think you'll encounter in your studies?22.Why did you choose our university?23.If there were an opportunity of studying abroad, what would you do?24.Should you study more theory or do more practice?Give your reasons,please.25.What do you intend to do after you finish studying?26.How serious is unemployment among young people and what will you do if you cannot find a job after graduation?27.In your opinion,what are the most serious problems associated with modern life?28.What do you think have been the most important changes in your study field over the past5years?29.How do you afford your tuition?30.Does your family support your decision on studying?What help do they offer?Q：What do you find frustrating in a work situation？(在工作中，什么事令你不高兴？) Q：How do you handle your conflict with your colleagues in your work?(你如何处理与同事在工作中的意见不和？)Q：How do you handle your failure？(你怎样对待自己的失敗？)Q：What provide you with a sense of accomplishment.（什么会让你有成就感？）Q：If you had a lot of money to donate, wh re would you donate it to？Why？(假如你有很多钱可以捐赠，你会捐给什么单位？为什么？)Q：What is most important in your life right now？(眼下你生活中最重要的是什么？) Q：What current issues concern you the most？(目前什么事是你最关心的？)Q：How long would you lik to stay with this company？(你会在本公司服务多久呢？) Q：Could you project what you would lik to be doing five years from now？(你能预料五年后你会做什么吗？)Q：What range of pay-scale are you interested in？(你喜欢那一种薪水层次标准？)(Ⅰ). Q：Can you sell yourself in two minutes？Go for it.Q：Why did you leave your last job？(你为什么离职呢？)Q：How do you rate yourself as a professional？(你如何评估自己是位专业人员呢？)Q：What contribution did you make to your current (previous) organization？(你对目前/从前的工作单位有何贡献？)Q：What do you think you are worth to us？(你怎么认为你对我们有价值呢？)Q：What make you think you would be a success in this position？(你如何知道你能胜任这份工作？）Q：Are you a multi-tasked individual？(你是一位可以同时承担数项工作的人吗？) orDo you work well under stress or pressure？(你能承受工作上的压力吗?)Q：What is your strongest trait(s)？(你个性上最大的特点是什么？)Q：How would your friends or colleagues describe you？（你的朋友或同事怎样形容你？）Q：What personality traits do you admire？(你欣赏哪种性格的人？)Q：What leadership qualities did you develop as an administrative personnel？(作为行政人员，你有什么样的领导才能？)Q：How do you normally handle criticism？(你通常如何处理別人的批评？)Q：What do you find frustrating in a work situation？(在工作中，什么事令你不高兴？)Q：How do you handle your conflict with your colleagues in your work? (你如何处理与同事在工作中的意见不和？)Q：How do you handle your failure？(你怎样对待自己的失敗？)Q：What provide you with a sense of accomplishment. （什么会让你有成就感？）Q：If you had a lot of money to donate, where would you donate it to？Why？(假如你有很多钱可以捐赠，你会捐给什么单位？为什么？)Q：What is most important in your life right now？(眼下你生活中最重要的是什么？)Q：What current issues concern you the most？(目前什么事是你最关心的？)Q：How long would you like to stay with this company？(你会在本公司服务多久呢？)Q：Could you project what you would like to be doing five years from now？(你能预料五年后你会做什么吗？)Q：What range of pay-scale are you interested in？(你喜欢那一种薪水层次标准？What's your greatest weakness?Why do you feel you are qualified for this job?What kind of salary did you have in mind?If hired, when could you start work?What kind of work does the posi-tion involve?1.Tell me about you!2. What do you know about our company?3. Why do you want to work for us?4. What would you do for us? What can you do for us that someone elsecan't?5. What about the job offered do you find the most attractive? Leastattractive?6. Why should we hire you?7. What do you look for in a job?8. Please give me your definition of a .... (the position for which youare being interviewed).Keep it brief -- give an action- and results-oriented definition.9. How long would it take you to make a meaningful contribution to ourfirm?10. How long would you stay with us?1.Y ou may be overqualified for the position we have to offer.2. What is yourmanagement style?3. Are you a goodmanager? Give an example. Why do you feel you have top managerial potential?4. What do youlook for when you hire people?5. Did you everfire anyone? If so, what were the reasons and how did you handle it?6. What do you seeas the most difficult task in being a manager?7. What do yoursubordinates think of you?8. What is yourbiggest weakness as a manager?1.Why are you leavingyour present job?2. How do you feel about leaving all of your benefits?3. Describe what you feel to be an ideal working environment.4. How would you evaluate your present firm?1.How have you helped increase sales? Profits?2. Have you helpedreduce costs? How?3. How much moneydid you account for?4. How many peopledid you supervise on your last job?5. Do you likeworking with figures more than words?6. In your currentor last position, what features did you like the most? Least?7. In your currentor last position, what are or were your five most significant accomplishments?1. Why haven't you found a newposition before now?2. Had you thought of leaving your present position before? If so, whatdo you think held you there?3. What do you think of your boss?4. Would you describe a situation in which your work was criticized?5. What other types of jobs or companies are you considering?1.If I spoke withyour previous boss, what would he say are your greatest strengths andweaknesses?2. Can you work under pressures, deadlines, etc.?3. How have you changed the nature of your job?4. Do you prefer staff or line work? Why?5. In your present position, what problems have you identified that hadpreviously been overlooked?6. Do you feel you might be better off in a different size company?Different type company?7. How do you resolve conflict on a project team?8. What was the most difficult decision you ever had to make?1.How much are youlooking for?2. How much do you expect if we offer this position to you?3. What kind of salary are you worth?1.Do you generallyspeak to people before they speak to you?2. What was the last book you read? Movie you saw? Sporting event youattended?3. What is the toughest part of a job for you?4. Are you creative?5. How would you describe your own personality?6. Are you a leader?7. What are your future goals?8. What are your strengths?9. What are your weaknesses?1.If you could startyour career again, what would you do differently?2. What career options do you have at the moment?3. How would you describe the essence of success? According to yourdefinition of success, how successful have you been so far?What are your weaknesses?Why did you leave your last job?How do you deal with criticism?Where do you see yourself in ten years?How do you deal with authority?What do you think of your previous manager?What is the riskiest thing you have ever done?What was the biggest setback in your college life ? How did it impact you ？How did you face this setback ?。
湖北考博英语作文
Hubei's Doctoral Entrance Exam: Challenges and Opportunities for English Proficiency The Doctoral Entrance Exam in Hubei province, China, is a pivotal milestone for many aspiring scholars. This exam not only评估s an individual's学术proficiency but also measures their dedication, perseverance, and adaptability to rigorous academic environments. Among the various sections of the exam, the English composition often poses a significant challenge to many candidates, requiring a high level of linguistic proficiency and critical thinking skills.The English composition section of the Hubei Doctoral Entrance Exam demands a profound understanding of the English language, including vocabulary, grammar, and sentence structure. Candidates are expected to demonstrate their ability to communicate ideas clearly and coherently, using appropriate language and tone. This section often requires candidates to analyze a given topic from multiple perspectives, synthesize information, and present a well-argued position.One of the key challenges in preparing for this section is the wide range of potential topics. Candidates must be prepared to tackle topics that span various academic disciplines, from science and technology to social sciences and humanities. This requires a diverse knowledge base and the ability to quickly adapt to new and unfamiliar topics. To excel in the English composition section of the Hubei Doctoral Entrance Exam, candidates need to focus on enhancing their English proficiency through regular practice. Reading and writing in English on a regular basis helps improve vocabulary, grammar, and sentence structure. Additionally, candidates should familiarize themselves with different types of essays and learn how to structure their arguments effectively.Practicing with sample essays and past exam papers is also crucial. This helps candidates understand the format and requirements of the exam and identify areas where they need to improve. Moreover, seeking feedback from teachers or peers can help candidates identify weaknesses in their writing and develop strategies to address them.Despite the challenges, the English composition section of the Hubei Doctoral Entrance Exam presents an opportunity for candidates to showcase their English proficiency and critical thinking skills. By investing time and effort in preparation, candidates can turn this section into astrength and increase their chances of success in the exam. **湖北考博英语作文：挑战与机遇**中国湖北省的考博，对于许多有志于学术研究的学者来说，是一个重要的里程碑。
武汉考博英语资料
武汉考博英语资料1.引言1.1 概述概述部分的内容可以从以下几个方面展开:首先，介绍武汉考博英语资料的背景和重要性。
武汉考博英语资料是为考取博士研究生的考生提供的学习资料和备考指导。
随着博士研究生招生规模的扩大和竞争的加剧，考生们在备战考试时对于英语的要求也日益提高。
因此，武汉考博英语资料的编写和使用对于考生们取得良好的考试成绩、提高博士研究生录取率具有重要意义。
其次，阐述武汉考博英语资料的内容和特点。
武汉考博英语资料涵盖了博士研究生英语考试的各个方面，包括听力、阅读、写作和翻译等。
资料内容既注重知识点的系统性、全面性，也注重知识点的深度和难度。
此外，武汉考博英语资料还特别针对考生的弱项进行了针对性的解析和讲解，以帮助考生更好地掌握知识点，提高考试的得分率。
最后，强调武汉考博英语资料的使用价值和意义。
武汉考博英语资料的编写经过专家组的精心研究和长期实践，旨在帮助考生们在备考过程中有针对性地进行学习和复习，提高学习效率，取得良好的学习成果。
同时，武汉考博英语资料还可以帮助考生们了解考试的出题方式和考点分布，把握考试的重点，从而更好地应对考试，取得优异的成绩。
总之，武汉考博英语资料是针对博士研究生英语考试而编写的学习指导资料，具有重要的实用价值和意义。
通过合理的使用和学习，考生们可以更好地备考，提高自己的英语水平和考试成绩，从而实现顺利进入理想研究生院校的目标。
1.2文章结构文章结构部分的内容如下：文章结构是指文章的整体构架和组织方式，它直接关系到文章的逻辑性和阅读体验。
一个良好的文章结构能够使读者更好地理解文章内容，并能够清晰地表达文章的主旨和观点。
本文将按照以下的结构来展开详细讨论。
首先，本文将在引言部分对文章的主题进行概述，向读者介绍武汉考博英语资料的重要性和背景。
随后，本文将详细分析文章的主要要点，包括第一个要点和第二个要点。
每个要点都将给出充分的论据和实例，以支持作者的观点。
在正文部分，读者将能够对武汉考博英语资料有一个全面的了解，并从不同角度深入研究相关问题。
2015年武汉大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2015年武汉大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Reading Comprehension 2. English-Chinese Translation 3. Chinese-English Translation 4. WritingReading ComprehensionJustice in society must include both a fair trial to the accused and the selection of an appropriate punishment for those proven guilty. Because justice is regarded as one form of equality, we find in its earlier expressions the idea of a punishment equal to the crime. Recorded in the Old Testament is the expression: “ an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth. “ That is, the individual who has done wrong has committed an offence against society. To make up for his offence, society must get even. This can be done only by doing an equal injury to him. This conception of retributive justice is refleeted in many parts of the legal documents and procedures of modern times. It is illustrated when we demand the death penalty for a person who had committed murder. This philosophy of punishment was supported by the German idealist Hegel. He believed that society owed it to the criminal to give a punishment equal to the crime he had committed. The criminal had by his own actions denied his true self and it is necessary to do something that will counteract this denial and restore the self that has been denied. To the murderer nothing less than giving up his own will pay his debt. The demand of the death penalty is a right the state owes the criminal and it should not deny him his due. Modern jurists have tried to replace retributive justice with the notion of corrective justice. The aim of the latter is not to abandon the concept of equality but to find a more adequate way to express it. It tries to preserve the idea of equal opportunity for each individual to realize me best that is in him. The criminal is regarded as being socially ill and in need of treatment that will enable him to become a normal member of society. Before a treatment can be administered, the course of his antisocial behavior must be found. If the cause can be removed, provisions must be made to have this done. Only those criminals who are incurable should be permanently separated from the rest of the society. This does not mean that criminals will escape punishment or be quickly returned to take up careers of crime. It means that justice is to heal the individual, not simply to get even with him. If severe punishment is the only adequate means for accompanying this, it should be administered. However, the individual should be given every opportunity to assume a normal place in society. His conviction of crime must not deprive him of the opportunity to make his way in the society of which he is a part.1．The best title for this passage in______.A．Fitting Punishment to the CrimeB．Approaches to Just PunishmentC．Improvement in Legal JusticeD．Attaining Justice in the Courts正确答案：B解析：本题为主旨题。
武汉大学博士课程考试英语段落分析教学文案
武汉大学博士课程考试英语段落分析Unit 1 para3Our second major discovery was that the Information Marketplace will dramatically affect people and organizations on a wide scale. Besides its many uses in commerce, office work, and manufacturing, it will also improve health care, provide new ways to shop, enable professional and social encounters across the globe, and generally permeate the thousands of things we do in the course of our daily lives. It will help us pursue old and new pleasures ,and it will encourage new art forms, which may be criticized but will move art forward, as new tools have always done. It will also improve education and training, first in specific and established ways and later through breakthroughs that are confidently awaited. Human organizations from tiny companies to entire national governments will benefit too, because so much of the work they do is information work.Topic :The affection of the Information Marketplace Perspective: people--organizationAspect(s):material-spiritual, individual-society Method: classificationSkill:examples Questions: what howUnit1 para12The wise eye will also see that the information Marketplace is much more influential than its parts –the interfaces, middleware and pipes that make up the three-story building on which we stand. Once they are integrated, they present a much greater power — the power to prevent an asthmatic from dying in a remote town in Alaska, to enable an unemployed bank loan officer to find and succeed at a new form of work, to allow a husband and wife to revel in the accomplishments of a distant daughter while also providing emotional and financial support. These powers are far greater than the ability to send an e-mail message, or to have five hundred TV channels.Topic :The influence of information marketplace Perspective: powerAspect(s):material-spiritual Method: hierarchical structure 层次结构（life-work-pleasure）Skill:examplesUnit8 para1Countless cultures around the world have disappeared, along with their mythologies. In Mesoamerica, dozens of ornate Mayan temples lie mute, as do an untold number of Incan monuments in Peru, Celtic cairns in Wales, Khmer statues in Cambodia, and magnificent ziggurat-like structures in central Africa.Topic : The disappearance of culture Perspective: worldAspect(s):culture【material】Method: space orderSkill:examplesUnit8 para2Easter island, celebrated for the giant statues left by its vanished civilization, is unique in archaeology because of its isolation from its neighbors. current archaeological evidence indicates that some 1,600 years ago the island's first settlers, explorers from Polynesian, found themselves in a pristine paradise with subtropical forests, dozens of wild bird species, and no predators. they multiplied and prospered, distributing resources in a manner that suggests a sophisticated economy and complex political system. rival clans erected ever-larger statues platforms, emulating the stone carvings of their Polynesian forebears, trying to surpass each other with displays of power and wealth.Topic : The civilization of easter island Perspective: island/civilizationAspect(s):enviroment-society Method: progression-classificationSkill:statement-example Questions: wha t→howUnit8 para4It is likely that changes in the forest occurred over decades and would have been difficult to detect immediately. An islander might easily have missed the long-term trend, thinking: “This year we cleared those woods over there, but trees are starting to grow back again over here.” Furthermore, any islander who issued a warning against the oncoming disaster would have been silenced by the ruling class. Chiefs, priests, and stone carvers all depended on the status quo to retain their positions and privileges.Topic : The detection of change Perspective: islanderidea behavior - Method: classification progressionUnit8 para6Humanity may not act in time to prevent the decimation of the rain forests, fossil fuels, arable land, and fisheries. In only 40 years, Ethiopia’s forest cover shrank from 30% to 1%. During the same time period, the rest of the world lost half of its rain forests. Powerful decision-making groups ignore those who sound an alarm; theirpolitical, economic, and religious agendas fail to address the problem of disappearing natural resources.Topic : The prevention of the decimation Perspective: humanityAspect(s): decimation 消亡 (material-spiritual ) - Method: causal order 因果顺序Skill: statistics - statementUnit8 para8If we are going to avoid the fate of the Easter Islanders, we must change the myths that are leading us toward extinction an find inspiring visions of a plausible and appealing future. The old myths have collapsed, but no new ones have emerged to fill the vacuum. For transformation to occur ,human beings must actively shape the future , an enterprise that goes to the heart of mythmaking. If we are each a cell in what Peter Russell calls “The Global Brain,” then this is an individual as well a collective venture.Topic : The change of the myths Perspective: mythmakingAspect(s): myths—idea：understanding Method: problem-solution orderSkill: statement-statementUnit8 para12But as the Grand Narrative of Progress came to dominate other values and views, it cast a malignant shadow. The invention of the automobile was the quintessence of progress, but it left overcrowded highways, air pollution, and deforestation in its wake. Fertilizers in creased crop production but also increased the growth of algae in lakes and canals. The discovery of powerful insecticides — first greeted with enthusiasm and a Nobel Prize — was followed by the unintentional poisoning of fish, birds, and animals. Nuclear power plants increased available energy but led to storage problems, life-threatening contamination, and at least one accident with worldwide repercussions. The waste products of technological living began to choke great cities and foul once-pristine lands. Although Western housing, clothing, and religion were brought to abotiginal people, and the rate of infectious disease went down, the rate of alcoholism, drug addiction, suicide, and spouse and child abuse went up.topic :The shadow of GNP Perspectivs: science-societyAspect(s): shadow (material) Method: classificationSkill: examples Questions: what howUnit8 para25The third principle is to identify real-life situations in which antagonists can find common ground. With a recognition of the limitations of linguistic exchange, postmodernists urge that groups “press beyond dialogue.” For example, athletes and musicians from all walks of life can generate smooth and effective teams or musical groups. Business executives and scientists from conflicting backgrounds are often able to work together to generate multinational corporations and cooperative research undertakings.topic :The principle of common ground Perspectivs: situation（common ground）Aspect(s): press beyond dialogue Method: antithesis对比(homogeneity-heterogeneity)同质异质Skill: examples Questions: what how词汇：Rational 理性的、合理的Illustrate 说明——Illustration 例证Linear thinkingLinear way of thinking pattern 线性思维方式Discourse 论述Material——spiritual 物质——精神Point of view ——perspective 角度Micro 微观Macro 宏观Advantage disadvantageNowadays, it becomes more and more important for Chinese PhD candidates to write English well, not only for studying abroad, but also for writing English research papers. Actually, a number of papers written in English by most PhD candidates seem to be far from English, though many of them can write high quality papers in Chinese. Thus how to improve the writing ability of English has become a problem that needs to be considered.The reason why we Chinese students cannot write an accurate “English” paper is that our mother language, especially the thinking patterns, influences us. The features of a discourse have close relation with those of culture. What is reflected on the writing discourse is the sentence and passage organization form. There are different ways of expression with different thinking patterns. For example, When a Chinese student writes an English paper, he is used to using our Chinese thinking patterns to construct the discourse and organize the sentences. Well we may consider it a good writing, but an English–speaker may dislike it. So we should know about these differences between Chinese and English and be able to converse our thinking patterns to English.Generally, it is vital to know how to use words suitably, how to write sentences correctly, andhow to organize paragraphs logically.Firstly, at the sentence level, the basic grammar such as word spell and sentence structure must be all right. When it comes to the written form of the sentence, the thinking pattern must be taken into account. For example, Chinese people are used to using personal and active voice just like“we did this experiment” , contrast to theChinese, English people always use impersonal and passive voice just like“thisexperiment was done by us”.Secondly, writing a paper is just like building a house. To finish the house is far away from our aim. And there are buildings with different styles in different countries. Every sentence and every paragraph has a close relation with its neighbors. Only spelled out some sentences could not make a good writing. So it is necessary to analyze discourse from logic construction, deductive reasoning, and so on. To the paragraph writing, we should adopt the “Triple style” which divides the paragraph structure into three parts: topic sentence, body/development and conclusion. In every passage, materials must be prepared around the topic. These materials are organizedby some skills and methods from the special perspective and aspects which used to develop the topic.In a word, all these elements are influenced greatly by culture and thinking patterns. From sentence to paragraph and then to passage, we need not only to develop the writing skill, but also the linear way of thinking.。
武汉理工大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析
武汉理工大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析Text1In the atmosphere,carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirror--the glass in the roof of a greenhouse which allows the sun’s rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping.According to a weather expert’s prediction,the atmosphere will be3℃warmer in the year2050than it is today,if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate.If this warming up took place,the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt,thus raising sea level several metres and severely flooding coastal cities.Also,the Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere,possibly resulting in an alteration of earth’s chief food-growing zones.In the past,concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet.But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic,which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming,in other words,by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels.Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice arealready disappearing.The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place.This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth.However,most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere, where temperatures seem to be falling.Scientists conclude,therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man.The question is:Which natural cause has most effect on the weather?One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun.Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and“cold”spots (that is,the relatively less hot spots)on the sun.As the sun rotates, every27.5days,it presents hotter or“colder”faces to the earth, and different aspects to different parts of the earth.This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earth’s atmospheric pressure,and consequently on wind circulation.The sun is also variable over a long term:its heat output goes up and down in cycles,the latest trend being downward.Scientists are now finding mutual relations between models of solar-weather interactions and the actual climate over many thousands of years,including the last Ice Age.The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not.One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia(惯性)of the earth’s climate.If this is right,the warmingeffect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful counter-balance to the sun’s diminishing heat.36.It can be concluded that a concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would________.[A]prevent the sun’s rays from leeching the earth’s surface[B]mean a warming up in the Arctic[C]account for great changes in the climate in the northern hemisphere(D)[D]raise the temperature of the earth’s surface37.The article was written to explain________.[A]the greenhouse effect[B]the solar effects on the earth[C]the models of solar-weather interactions(D)[D]the causes affecting weather38.Although the fuel consumption is greater in the northern hemisphere,temperatures there seem to be falling.This is________.[A]mainly because the levels of carbon dioxide are rising[B]possibly because the ice caps in the poles are melting[C]exclusively due to the effect of the inertia of the earth’s climate(D)[D]partly due to variations in the output of solar energy39.On the basis of their models,scientists are of the opinion that________.[A]the climate of the world should be becoming cooler[B]it will take thousands of years for the inertia of the earth’s climate to take effect[C]the man-made warming effect helps to increase the solar effects(A)[D]the new Ice Age will be delayed by the greenhouse effect40.If the assumption about the delay of a new Ice Age is correct, ________.[A]the best way to overcome the cooling effect would be to burn more fuels[B]ice would soon cover the northern hemisphere[C]the increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere could warm up the earth even more quickly(D)[D]the greenhouse effect could work to the advantage of the earthText2Some people believe that international sport creates goodwill between the nations and that if countries play games together they will learn to live together.Others say that the opposite is true: that international contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred.There is probably some truth in both arguments,but in recent years the Olympic Games have done little to support the view that sports encourages international brotherhood. Not only was there the tragic incident involving the murder of athletes,but the Games were also ruined by lesser incidents caused principally by minor national contests.One country received its second-place medals with visible indignation after the hockey(曲棍球)final.There had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match,the losers objecting to the final decisions.They were convinced that one of their goals should not have been disallowed and that their opponents’victory was unfair. Their manager was in a rage when he said:“This wasn’t hockey.Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished.”The president of the Federation said later that such behavior could result in the suspension of the team for at least three years.The American basketball team announced that they would not yield first place to Russia,after a disputable end to their contest.The game had ended in disturbance.It was thought at first that the United States had won,by a single point,but it was announced that there were three seconds still to play.A Russian player then threw the ball from one end of the court to the other,and another player popped it into the basket.It was the first time the USA had ever lost an Olympic basketball match.An appeal jury debated the matter for four and a half hours before announcing that the result would stand.The American players then voted not to receive the silver medals.Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played competitively rather than for the love of the game.The suggestion that athletes should compete as individuals,or in non-national teams, might be too much to hope for.But in the present organization of the Olympics there is far too much that encourages aggressive patriotism.41.According to the author,recent Olympic Games have________.[A]created goodwill between the nations[B]bred only false national pride[C]barely showed any international friendship(C)[D]led to more and more misunderstanding and hatred42.What did the manager mean by saying,“...Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished”?[A]His team would no longer take part in international games.[B]Hockey and the Federation are both ruined by the unfair decisions.[C]There should be no more hockey matches organized by the Federation.(B)[D]The Federation should be dissolved.43.The basketball example implied that________.[A]too much patriotism was displayed in the incident[B]the announcement to prolong the match was wrong[C]the appeal jury was too hesitant in making the decision(A)[D]the American team was right in rejecting the silver medals44.The author gives the two examples in paragraphs2and3to show________.[A]how false national pride led to undesirable incidents in international games[B]that sportsmen have been more obedient than they used to be[C]that competitiveness in the games discourages internationalfriendship(C)[D]that unfair decisions are common in Olympic Games45.What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?[A]The organization of the Olympic Games must be improved.[B]Athletes should compete as individual in the Olympic Games.[C]Sport should be played competitively rather than for the love of the game.(A)[D]International contests are liable for misunderstanding between nations.31.[C]32.[D]33.[A]34.[B]35.[B]36.[D]37.[D]38.[D]39.[A]40.[D]41.[C]42.[B]43.[A]44.[C]45.[A]本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。
武汉大学考博英语 作文点评
一、金融危机(答题型议论文)Financial CrisisIt is no denying the fact that the ongoing international financial crisis has landed the world economy in the most difficult situation since last century’s Great Depression. A mass of unemployment, housing problem and difficult business conditions for enterprises have influenced our lives in many aspects. Therefore, just as the saying goes, “A fall in a pit, a gain in your wit”, we must learn from this crisis and spare no efforts to take some measure to solve this problem.Actually, there are many steps which can be adopted to deal with this problem. First of all, the government should establish relevant policies to help graduates and migrant workers find jobs and offer more government-funded jobs in public service. In addition, another way contributing to the success of solving the problem is to help the enterprises overcome the difficult period with the structural tax cut and technical innovation. At the same time, the government is bound to increase spending in housing project to help vulnerable groups have the residence in both urban and rural areas.All in all, to solve the problem of financial crisis, both the government and ordinary people should join hands to carry outeffective measures. As a big responsible and developing country, China should act in an active and responsible way during this crisis to keep the steady and fast growth of its economy, and contribute our power for global financial stability and world economic growth.评论：写作还是需要使用书面语和适当地使用一些常用句型，特别是在开头和结尾。
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2015武汉理工大学考博英语大纲问世：沉着应对见招拆招2015考博大纲公布，一石激起考博的千层浪，备战考博的同学们都焦急的等待考试大纲公布，9月13日考博英语大纲终于同考生们见面，育明考博考博英语辅导专家第一时间做出反应，立即对考试大纲同去年进行对比分析，考博英语大纲无变化。
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2015考试大纲公布之际，在考试时间仅剩百天的时间，如何见招拆招?
首先，是词汇的量的问题。
根据大纲规定，考生应掌握考博词汇和词组约5500个。
并掌握一些常用的前缀，词根和后缀。
2015考博英语大纲删减部分词汇，同时新增60个词汇，育明考博考博英语辅导专家王老师分析如下：首先，是词汇的量的问题。
根据大纲规定，考生应掌握考博词汇和词组约5500个。
并掌握一些常用的前缀，词根和后缀。
比如，尽管《大纲》的词汇表中未列出“ultrasound”一词，但是由于词汇表中有“sound”一词，且要求考生掌握的前缀中有“ultra”。
故“unltrasound”一词也是考生应该掌握的词汇”。
同样，“future”是大纲中的词汇，多数同学也都认识，“ology”是列出的常见后缀，那么“futurology”一词就应该在考生掌握的词汇量之内。
大多数考生对常用的词缀都有一定的了解，而对词根却很陌生。
例如，如果我们知道“scribe(script)”这一词根意为“write,or draw”，呢么当遇到“manuscript”，“subscribe”，“prescribe”等词时就很容易理解和掌握。
在美国读者文摘社出版的《如何扩大你的词汇能力》(How to Increase Your Word Power)一书，把词根，前缀、后缀称为“扩大词汇的三把钥匙”。
美国读者文摘社出版的《如何扩大你的词汇能力》(How to Increase Your Word Power)一书，把词根，前缀、后缀称为“扩大词汇的三把钥匙”。
这些也和我们大纲的要求不谋而和。
其次要考虑“拿分大户”阅读理解，都了解“得阅读者得天下，”今年的阅读考察，无论是要求还是样题，都没有变化。
连大纲的编排顺序都没有发生变化阅读理解(60分)，其中A部分，4篇文章，共约1600词。
连大纲的具体测试点要求都是一样的，仍是“八大要求”：1.理解主旨要义2.理解文章的具体信息3.理解文中的概念性含义4.进行有关的判断、推理和引申5.根据上下文推测生词的词义6.理解文章总体结构以及上下文之间的关系7.理解作者的意图、观点或态度8.区分论点和论据。
Part B部分是500-600的文章，对连贯性、一致性等语段特征及文章结构的考查，Part C主要考查的是理解概念较复杂的英语文字材料。
2015考试大纲公布后，进入秋季复习正式英语写作复习的最佳时期，首先要做的是手头配备一本较好的考博英语作文书，每天去看2篇范文，学习其谋篇的思路和框架，学习其遣词造句的模式，掌握里面的重点核心词汇，在这个阶段完全可以把写作范文当作精读来看。
接下来开始找出一些话题每周至少写三篇作文，写的时候要对自己有严格的时间限制，写完后在和范文相对照，一定要通过对照找出自己的差距，并按照范文改善自己的表达。
在最后阶段，背诵自己收集的或从经典范文里摘录的经典例句、例文。
并在做模拟试题时，一定也要完成其中的写作试题。
通过对近5年(2009-2013年)真题量化分析和统计，近5年细节题占到了53%，推理题占了31%。
由此可以发现，细节题和推理题是阅读理解中重点考察的两大题型。
各位考生，务必加大对于细节理解题的关注。
关于阅读解题技巧及方法，在暑期强化课程以及钻石卡学员2阶强化课程上，老师已经反复讲解并实际操练。
最后，预祝同学们百天大战，取得成功，顺利步入自己理想的院校!
本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。