初中英语英美文化中英美文化常识素材
英美文化的一些知识
1. British personalities(P6)（星）The best-known quality of the British , and in particular of the English, is “reserve”. A reserved person is one who does not talk very much to strangers , does not show much emotion, and seldom gets excited.Closely related to English reserve is English modesty, within their hearts, the English are perhaps no less conceited than anybody else, but in their relations with others they value at least a show of modesty. The famous English sense of humor is similar. Its starting point is self deprecation, and its great enemy is conceit. Its ideal is the ability to laugh at oneself—at one’s own faults, one’s own failures and embarrassments, even at one’s own ideals. Finally, sportsmanship . Like a sense of humor, this is an English ideal which not all Englishmen live up to. It must be realized that sport in its modern form is almost entirely a British invention.(152)2. Importance of Elizabeth Era in politics,military,internationalrelations and culture（月）Elizabeth Era is a British golden age. In government, Elizabeth was more moderate than her father and siblings. She followed a motto “I see, and say nothing” ,which saved her from political misalliances.Elizabeth restored the status of the episcopal church. And in the first two years she released the supreme law and a single laws, regulatingthe king is the supreme leader of church. Besides , she was cautious in foreign affairs and only half-heartedly supported a number of ineffective, poorly resourced military campaigns. In military, She organized England pirates to raid The Spanish fleet that filled with Gold and silver jewelries constantly, which helps the British repayment of the debt. Later, Elizabeth defeated the Spanish armada, which is popularly viewed as one of the greatest victories in English history. In culture, famous above all is the flourishing of English drama that led by playwrights such as William Shakespeare and Christopher Marlowe.(153)3. The establishment of constitutional mornarchy(P39)（月）As early as in 1215, the king John was forced to sign The Magna Carta, requiring that the king should respect the regulation and power of the nobles and church , ensure the liberty and property rights of the public and the king’s power in levy tax is l imited. This is the earliest origin of the constitutional monarchy, also is the beginning of the constitution.After The Glorious Revolution in 1689, the British parliament passed the Bill of Rights a year later. It included: without parliament’s permissio n , the king can’t publish laws or stop the implementation of law, shall not collecte or control taxes, and shall not recruit oraintain regular army. Besides, subjects have the right to petition the king. Parliament ,which members from people's free elections, should be held regularly and so on.A constitutional monarchy system of government That theparliament in supreme power and court is independent, subjects’ rights and freedoms from infringement was established.(160)4. The role of the monarch(P41)（月）The british monarch can be seen as having two roles: head of state, and “head of the station”.As Head of State, The queen undertakes constitutional and representational duties which have developed over one thousand years of history. There are inward duties, parliament must be opened, orders in council have to be approved, acts of Parliament must be signed, and meeting with the prime minister must be held. There are out ward duties, such as the queen represents Britain to the rest of the world.As 'Head o f Nation'. The Monarch’s role is less formal, but no less important for the social and cultural functions it fulfils. These include: proving a focus for national identity, unity and pride; giving a sense of stability and continuity; officially recognising success and excellence; and supporting service to others.The queen also has an essential role in providing a sense of stability and continuity in times of political and social change.(157)5. Checks and balance（梅）“C hecks and balance” is a federal system of gowernment seted up by the constitution to divide powers between the national,state and governments.The American government is divided into three branches: legislative(立法), executive（行政）, and judicial（司法）. These three branches are not independent. Each branch has powers that it can use to check and balance the operations and power of the other two branches.Each branch serves a different purpose and presides over（负责）several different entities（实体）.The legislative branch has the powers to make the laws ,which oversees（监督）the house of representatives（众议院）and the senate（参议院）.The executive branch is given the power to carry out the laws and consists of the president,the cabinet（内阁）,and the federal departments and stly,the judicial branch is given the power to interpret the laws.It presides over the supreme courts and the other federal courts.But each of these three br anches’ power is restricted by other two btanches.(145)6. The election of American presidents(P54)（星）The President are elected every four years. They must be at least 35 years of age, benative-born citizens of the United States, and have been residents of the U.S. for at least 14 years.The national presidential election actually consists of a separate election in each of the 50 states and the District of Columbia; in these51 elections, the voters vote for "electors" pledged to one of thetickets. These electors make up the "Electoral College."Each state has the same number of electors as it has senators and representatives。
初中英语英美文化英美体育文化素材
英美体育文化1英式橄榄球通常指拉格比运动。
美式橄榄球实际上起源于拉格比美式橄榄球和英式橄榄球采用的球形状相同，都是椭圆形，但美式橄榄球更小、更长。
英式橄榄球的运动员不需要像美式橄榄球的运动员那样佩戴头盔和身体护垫。
2 NBA开场前球员撒镁粉是因为镁粉质量很轻,具有很强的吸湿作用，运动员往手上涂镁粉是为了增大摩擦系数。
3 在1957年－1969年的13个赛季里，比尔拉赛尔带领波士顿凯尔特人队获得11次NBA总冠军，他也因此获得11枚NBA冠军戒指，是NBA历史上获得NBA冠军戒指最多的人。
4 NBA历史上身材最高的球员是前华盛顿子弹队的曼纽特.博尔（扎伊尔籍）和现役奇才队中锋吉莱赫.缪里森（罗马尼亚籍），均为2.31米，身材最矮的则为现役球员蒂尼.博格斯，仅有1.60米。
5 NBA中，能扣篮的身高最矮球员是“士兵”斯珀特·韦伯，曾获1996年NBA扣篮大赛的冠军，其身高只有1.70米。
据NBA资料介绍，韦伯在16岁，身高仅1.60米的高中阶段，便有过扣篮的记录，他的原始纵跳高度为1.33米，助跑摸高为3.60米。
6 科比的中间名是Bean，即他的全名是Kobe Bean Bryant。
7 北美四大职业体育联盟，由NFL（National Football League，国家橄榄球联盟）、MLB（Major League Baseball，美国职业棒球大联盟）、NBA（National Basketball Association，美国篮球职业联赛和NHL（National Hockey League，国家冰球联盟)组成。
8 NBA常规赛在各自联盟的排名前八进入季后赛。
9 第一位进入NBA的中国人是王治郅。
10 MLB由美国联盟（American League）和国家联盟（National League）组成，美国联盟使用指定打击的规则，国家联盟则没有使用。
每年各个联盟的冠军球队将一决高下争夺世界大赛（World Series）的冠军。
英美文化知识点总结初中
英美文化知识点总结初中
英美文化是指英国和美国的文化，这两个国家有着悠久的历史和丰富的文化传统。
初中阶段是学生接触英美文化的重要时期，下面将从英美文化的饮食、节日、体育和艺术等方面进行总结。
一、饮食文化 1. 英式早餐：英国人的早餐通常包括煎蛋、培根、烤面包和烤番茄等食物。
这种丰盛的早餐给人们提供了充足的能量。
2. 快餐文化：美国是快餐
的发源地，汉堡包、炸鸡、薯条等快餐食品在美国非常流行。
3. 下午茶：英国人
喜欢在下午享用茶和点心，这是英国人独特的传统习惯。
二、节日文化 1. 圣诞节：在英美文化中，圣诞节是最重要的节日之一。
人们会互相赠送礼物，家庭成员会聚在一起享用丰盛的晚餐。
2. 感恩节：感恩节是美国
人的传统节日，人们会感谢收获和亲友的关爱，并举行盛大的家庭聚会。
三、体育文化 1. 足球：英国人对足球情有独钟，足球比赛是英国人生活中的重要组成部分。
2. 棒球：棒球是美国最受欢迎的运动之一，每年的世界棒球经典赛
吸引了全球的关注。
四、艺术文化 1. 莎士比亚：莎士比亚是英国最伟大的剧作家之一，他的作品对世界文学产生了深远的影响。
2. 奥斯卡奖：奥斯卡奖是美国电影界最重要的奖项，每年颁发给优秀的电影和电影人。
总结起来，英美文化在饮食、节日、体育和艺术等方面有着丰富多样的内容。
初中阶段的学生可以通过学习英美文化，了解不同国家的传统和习俗，拓宽自己的视野，丰富自己的知识。
英美文化背景知识 (英文版)
英美文化背景知识Newspapers in Britain and the USNewspapers in BritainNational and local papersIn Britain there are 11 national daily newspapers and most people read one of them every day. There are two kinds of newspaper. One is large in size and has many detailed articles about national and international events. These newspapers are called the serious papers or the quality papers. The other kind, called the tabloids is smaller in size, have more pictures, often in colour, and shorter articles, often about less important events or about the private lives of well-know people. Although some people disapprove(反对) of the tabloids(小报), more people buy them than buy the serious newspaper. The Sun, for example, which is a tabloid, is the biggest-selling newspaper in Britain. People who disapprove of the tabloids very strongly sometimes call them the Gutter Press.There are daily or weekly newspapers in all parts of Britain which cover local news as well as some national and international stories. Local papers give information aboutfilms, concerts, and other things that are happening in the local neighborhood, including, for example, information about local people who have been married or died recently. National papers generally give information about film, concerts and other events happening in London, In Scotland, many people read the Glasgow Herald or the Scotsman and there are Scottish Editions of the tabloids.There also many free local newspapers which are delivered to people’s homes whether they ask for them or not. These contain a lot of advertisements(广告) and also some news.PoliticsMost national newspapers in Britain express a political opinion and people choose the newspaper that they read according to their own political beliefs. Most of the newspapers are right-wing. These are the Daily Telegraph(serious newspaper), the Daily express, Daily Mail, Daily Star, the Sun and Today(all tabloids). Of the other serious newspapers, The Times, the oldest newspaper in Britain, did not formerly have one strong political view but itis now more right-wing. The Guardian is slightly left-wing, the Independent is centre and the Financial(金融) with political issues, but reports on business and financial news. The Daily Mirror(tabloid) is left-wing.Daily and Sunday newspapersDaily newspapers are published on every day of the week except Sunday. Sunday newspapers are larger than daily newspapers, often having 2 or 3 sections. There is also other a magazine, called the colour supplement(增刊). All the Sunday newspapers are national Serious newspapers include the Observer(which is slightly left-wing), the Sunday Times, the Sunday Telegraph and the Independent on Sunday, the Sunday Mirror, the Sunday Express, the News of the World and the Sunday Sport which is considered to lack much serious information.Newspapers in The USNational and local newspapersThere are more than 1500 daily newspapers in the US. Each one is usually sold only in one part of the country, e.g. in a city, but they cover national and international news. In larger cities there is often more than one newspaper and the different ones express different political opinions. Some newspapers are sold in nearly all parts of the US. E.g. USA today and the National edition of the New York Times. Two other newspapers, the Los Angeles Times and the Washington Post are know and respected all over the US but cannot be bought everywhere. Other important newspapers are: the Boston Globe, sold in New England, the Chicago Tribune, sold in the Midwest, the Christian Science Monitor and USA Today, both sold nationally, and the Washington Post on the East Coast.There are also weekly newspapers in all parts of the US which cover local news, such as what is happening in the local neighborhood(地方). Fewer people read these than read the daily newspapers.Daily and Sunday newspapersDaily newspapers are published on every day of the week except Sunday. Sunday newspapers are very big, often having several separate parts. They contain many longer articles and a lot of advertisements. Each section deals with a different subject. E.g. national and international news, sport, travel, etc. One section, the classifieds(分类广告) has advertisements for jobs and things for sale. Another section is called the funnies. There is often also a magazine which is in color.Alternative newspapersIn the 1960s a group of newspapers began to appear that were later called in “alternative press”. They expressed extreme(极端的) political opinions, especially left-wing opinion. Many of the newspapers which were part of this movement, such as the Village Voice in New York or the Reader in Chicago, are less extreme today and more widely read.Law in Britain and the USIn both Britain and the US, when a person is accused of a rime it must be shown that they are guilty "beyond reasonable doubt". A person is always innocent(无罪) in the eyes of the law until they have been proved to be guilty by a court they can sometimes ask for permission to APPEAL(上诉) to a higher court in the hope that it will change this decision.Criminal law in England and WalesWhen someone is arrested (ARREST) by the police, a MAGISTRATE (=an official who judges cases in some types of courts) decides whether there is enough EVIDENCE(证据) against the person for the case to go to court. If there is enough evidence and the case is a serious one, the person accused(控告) of the crime (called 'the accused(被告)') is sent to a CROWN COURT for a TRIAL with a JUDGE and JURY (=12 members of the public who have to decide if the accused is guilty(有罪的), then the judge decides the SENTENCE(判决) (2) (=punishment). If there is enough evidence against the accused but the crime is not a seriousone (for example a traffic offence) then the case is heard in a MAGISTRATES COURT.If found guilty in the Crown Court the accused may apply to(请求) the COURT OF APPEAL (Criminal Division) where he or she will be heard by a judge. Sometimes a HIGH COURT judge from the Queen's Bench Division assists in dealing with criminal matters in the Court of Appeal or Crown Court.Criminal law in Northern IrelandIn Northern Ireland, as in England and Wales, someone accused of a crime may be tried in a Magistrates' Court or a Crown Court depending on how serious the crime is. Appeals from the Crown Court are heard in the Northern Ireland Court of Appeal.Criminal law in ScotlandScotland has a separate court system. After a person is arrested by the police, an official called the PROCURATOR FISCAL is in charge of deciding whether there is enoughevidence against the accused for a trial. If there is enough evidence and the crime is a very serious one, the accused is sent to the HIGH COURT OF JUSTICIARY where there is a judge and jury(陪审团) (in Scotland there are 15 people on a jury). If there is enough evidence but the crime is a less serious one, the case is heard in a SHERIFF COURT (The sheriff is a trained lawyer who acts as a judge). Appeals from the Sheriff Court go to the High Court of Justiciary.Criminal law in the USThe US has tow separate court systems. In general terms STATE COURTS are used when someone has done something against the laws of CONSTITUTION of a particular State. FEDERAL COURTS deal with cases to do with the laws and Constitution of the United States as whole. Federal courts also hear cases where the US Government is one of the sides involved(介入). Cases for crimes which are not serious are likely to be heard in state courts. Serious crimes may be tried in wither state courts of federal courts depending on the situation, for example cases where a crime has taken place in another state are often heard in federal courts.After a person has been arrested a magistrate(地方官员), or in some cases a GRAND JURY made up of between 16 and 23 citizens, decides whether they should go to trial. If there is enough evidence for a trial the accused goes to court and has to state whether he/she is guilty or not guilty of the crime. If they say they are not guilty they are sent to trial with a judge and jury (of 16 or 20 citizens) in either a State or COUNTY COURT or, in federal cases, a DISTRICT COURT. If the accused is found guilty they may have the fight to appeal to a higher court, as shown below.The final court of appeal in the US federal system and for some cases in the state courts is the US SUPREME COURT. It is made up of a CHIEF JUSTICE and eight ASSOCIATES. The accused does not have the fight to be heard by the Supremes Court, but the Supreme Court decides which cases it will hear.Holiday in Britain and the USPaid HolidayPeople in the US get 2 weeks a year paid vacation (holiday) form their job. Most British people have four or five weeks paid holiday a year. Americans often complain that tow weeks is not enough holiday, especially when they hear about the longer holidays that Europeans get. In addition, there are 8 days in each country, which are public holidays (the British call Bank Holiday) and many of these fall on a Monday giving people a long weekend. In Britain, so many people drive to another part of the country, especially the coast, on Bank Holiday weekends that there are serious traffic jams, which may stretch(长达) for many miles.Popular Holiday PlacesWith the US, outdoor vacations are popular, for example at the Grand Canyon or Yosemite or Yellowstone or the national parks or forests. Yong people may go walking or camping in the mountains. Many people have capers or small trailer(拖车) in which to travel, or if they are in a car, they may stay at Motels on the journey Disneyland and Disneyworld are also popular and people can to skiing in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, Wyoming and Montana.。
初中英语英美文化英美历史、地理及政治素材
英美历史、地理及政治1.英国，全称大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国（The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2.英国本土位于欧洲大陆西北面的不列颠群岛，被北海、英吉利海峡、凯尔特海、爱尔兰海和大西洋包围。
3英国由大不列颠岛上的英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士，爱尔兰岛东北部的北爱尔兰以及一系列附属岛屿共同组成的一个西欧岛国。
除本土之外，其还拥有十四个海外领地，总人口超过6400万，4英国以英格兰人为主体民族。
英国是一个高度发达的资本主义国家。
其国民拥有较高的生活水平和良好的社会保障制度。
5英国作为英联邦元首国、欧洲联盟成员国、北大西洋公约组织创始会员国、G8成员国，英国同时也是联合国安全理事会五大常任理事国之一。
6英国是一个单一制、君主立宪的民主国家，它的政府体系（即所谓西敏制）直接影响了许多其他国家的政治体制。
7英国的国家元首和理论上最高权力的拥有者是英国君主。
英国是世界上最早出现资产阶级政党，并最先确立和实行两党制的国家。
目前英国属于议会内阁制下的两党制。
8英国在1688年的光荣革命确立英国君主立宪政体，英国是世界上第一个工业化国家，首先完成工业革命，国力壮大。
9 英国在18世纪至20世纪初期英国统治的领土跨越全球，是当时世界上最强大的国家。
在两次世界大战中都取得了胜利，但国力严重受损。
10英国到20世纪下半叶英帝国解体，超级大国领导地位被美国和苏联取代。
不过，目前英国仍是一个在世界范围内有相当影响力的大国。
11英国工业革命始于18世纪60年代，以棉纺织业的技术革新为始，以瓦特蒸汽机的发明和广泛使用为枢纽，以19世纪30、40年代机器制造业机械化的实现为基本完成的标志。
12英国女王玛丽。
英王亨利八世之女。
1553年即,位后，恢复天主教，因残酷迫害宗教改革家，烧死新教徒达300多人，而获此称谓“血腥玛丽”。
13英国人信仰的宗教主要是基督教。
英美文化小常识
1.What are the two major parties in Britain?------They are the Conservative Party and the Labour Party.2.What is the official full name of Britain?-----It is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.3.Who is the head of government in Ireland?-----It is the Prime Minister.4.Who is James Joyce?-----He is the most well-know Irish writer of the modern period.5.Who were the first Americans?------They were the Indians.6.What kind of economic system does the United States have?-----It has a free-market economy with a dominant private sector.7.What is bilingualism?-----The phenomenon that English and French are the two official languages in Canada is called bilingualism.8.What are the geographical feature of Australia as a continent?------Australia is the flatest and lowest of the continents.9.What are the powers the constitution confers on the House of Representatives?------The House of Representatives has powers to make and change laws.10.What animal is a national symbol of New Zealand?------The kiwi is a national symbol of the country.11.What is the Renaissance?------Renaissance was the revival of classical literature and artistic styles in European history. 12.What are the most important journals in the U.K.?------They are the Economist,New Statesman and Society,and Spectator.13.Why is the Shannon River important to Ireland?------Because it provides electricity for much of the Republic.14.How many states are there in the United States?------There are 50 states in the United States.15.What is Hispanic?------A Hispanic is a Spanish-speaking person of the United States.16.What is the Bill of Rights?-------It is the term used for the first ten amendments to the Constitution.17.What is the Canada Council?-----It is the Canadian Government’s funding agency.18.What is Aborigines?-------It is the term used to describe the original people of Australia.19.What was the nature of the White Australia Policy?------It was a discriminatory immigration policy,which restricted the non –whites to enter Australia.20.What are New Zealand’s main exports?------Meat,wool and dairy products are main exports.21.What was Queen Mary known as?------She was known as the “Bloody Mary”and also remembered as the monarch who lost thelast British possession on the continent------French port of calais.22.What did Britain become after the Industrial Revolution?-----Britain became the “workshop of the world”.23.What is the House of Lords made up of?------It is made up of the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal.24.What are the two major parties in Ireland?------They are Fianna Fail and Fine Gael.25.What is meant by “Vietnamization”of the war?--------It meant that South Vietnamese troops would be war-built up to replace Americal fighting force.26.Which country is the world’s biggest producer and user of tobacco?------It is the U.S.A..27.Who was the only writer in colonial period still read today?-------He was Benjamin Franklin.28.Who was the first prime minister in Canada?------He was Sir John Macdonald.29.What was the convict system?------In the convict system, the convicts were punished by being transported to remote places. 30.How is New Zealand electricity produced?------It is produced by: firstly,hydropower;secondly,gas;thirdly,coal.31.What is the most important established Church in Britain?-----It is the Church of England.32.What is the jury’s job in Britain?------In criminal cases,it is to decide the issue of guilt or innocence.33.Where were oil and natural gas found in Britain?------Oil and natural gas are found under the North Sea.34.What are the characteristics of Ireland’s climate?-----It can be described as “mild,moist and changeable”.35.What did the real Americal Literature begin?-----It began after the America War of Independence.36.Where is the president of the United States’offcial residence?-----The White House is his official residence.37.What kind of history do people often say that the history of Canada?------People often say that the history of Canada is a history of immigration.38.What is “urban sprawl’’?------It refers to a city that has grown over a large area of land.39.What is the way of changing the constitution in Australia?------The Constitution can be changed only by referendum.40.Where is the volcanic activity in New Zealand?------The volcanic activity can be found on the central plateau in North Island.41.What are the three natural zones in Scotland?------They are the Highlands in the north,the central Lowlands and the southern Uplands.42.What was the Gunpowder plot of 1605?------It was the most famous of the Catholic conspiracies.43.What did the English Industrial Revolution begin with?-----It began with the textile industry.44.What is the capital of Ireland?------It is Dublin.45.Which state is the largest in the United States?------Alaska is the largest one.46.What is the American foreign policy in the early 1930s?-----In the early 1930s,the American foreign policy was isolationist.47.What is affirmative action?------It is the preferential treatment for minorities and women in education and employment. 48.What was established in 1670 in Canada?------The English Hudson Bay Company was established in 1670.49.Which hemisphere is Australia in?------It is in the Southern hemisphere.50.Where is the capital of New Zealand?------It is Wellington.51.Who were the Vikings?-----The Vikings were the Norwegians and the Danes from Denmark.52.Which system was completely established under William in English?-----The feudal system was completely established under William in English.53.What are the main courts of civil jurisdiction in England and Wales?-----They are the Country Courts.54.When did Ireland declare itself a republic?------Ireland declared itself a republic on April 18,1949.55.Where is known as the agricultural capital of the U.s.?-----Omaha is known as the argricultural capital of the U.S.A..56.What is the most central functions of the Congress in America?-----It is the passage of laws.57.What is Mark Twain’s master work?-----It is the Adventure of Huckleberry Finn.58.Which city is Canada’s largest city?-----It is Toronto.59.What was Australia called in the 1950s?------Australia was called “the lucky country”in the 1950s.60.What do you think is the most noticeable feature of New Zealand geography?-----It is mountains widely spread all over the country where active volcanoes scatter.61.Which war was relatively smooth,with no bloodshed,nor any execution of the king in Britain? ------It is the Glorious Revolution.62.What are the three periods as far as the evolution of the British economy is concerned?-------There are steady development in the 50s and 60s,economic recession in the 70s and economic recovery in the 80s.63.What is a constitutional monarchy?------It is a governmental system in which the head of State is a king or a queen who reigns butdoes not rule.64.What is the chief language of instruction in Ireland?-----It is English.65.Which are some of the biggest cities in the U.S.?------They are New York,Los Angeles,Chicago,San Francisco and Philadelphia.66.Who drafted The Declaration of Independence in the U.S.?------He was Thomas Jefferson..67.Which country is the world’s leading exporter of agricultural products?-----It is the United States.68.In what way does Quebec differ from the other provinces of Canada?-----It differs from the other provinces because it has strong French culture.69.What is nations largest and most diverse industry today in Australia?-----It is agriculture.70.What percentage are Maori to the population of New Zealand?------About 10% are Maori or part Maori.71.Where are mostly highland and lowland in Great Britian?-----The north and west of Britian are mainly highlands,while the east and south-east are mostly lowlands.72.What is Heptarchy?-----By the end of the 7th century, England was divided into seven kingdoms which was,called Heptarchy.73.What did England appear in the 18th century,which owed a great deal to the invention of machines?-----The Industrial Revolution appeared in England in the 18th century.74.What is the basic ethnic stock in Ireland?------It is Celtic.75.What does tariff protection mean?-----It means to get higher import taxes to protect domestic production.76.What is the full name of the U.S.?-----It is the United States of America.77.What is the general view of Americans on education?-----It is that every American has the right and obligation to become educated.78.What does Governor-General represent?----It represents the Queen.79.Which three periods are the history of Australia divided into?-----They ae the arrival of Aborigines,the colonization of Australia by the British,and the Commonwealth of Australia.80.Who was the first European come to New Zealand and What was his nationality?-----He was Abel Tasman and was a Dutchman.81.What were the forerunners of the Liberal Party in Britain?------They are Whigs.82.How many members are there in the House of Commons?------There are 651 members in the House of Commons.83.What is the difference between the ancestors of the English and Scots,Welsh and Irish?------The ancestors of the English are Anglo-Saxons,while those the Scots,Welsh and Irish are Celts.84.What is the Republican Army?------It is a terrorist or organization dedicated to the union of all Ireland as one country under one government.85.Which three countries have the largest populations in the world?------China,India and the United States have the largest population in the world.86.Who led the boycott of the bus company in Montgomery,Alabama?-----He is Martin Luther King,Jr.87.What is the “Lost Generation”?------It refers 60s young intellectuals who became disappointed and bitter after World War II. 88.What are most industries in Canada?------It is manufacturing.89.Who was the first Prime Minister in Australia?-----He was Edmund Barton.90.What are two main islands in New Zealand?------They are North Island and South Island.91.Who were the Lollards?----They were poor priests and travelling preachers who were John Wyclif’s followers in the 14th century.92.What has the new farming been called in Britain?----It has been called agribusiness.93.What does the NHS provide in Britain?----It provides the family health,hospital and specialist services.94.Who is the head of state in Ireland?------The head of state is the president.95.Who were the Puritans?----The Puritans were the members of a Protestant group in England who wanted to purify the Church of England.96.Which three branches is the U.S. government divided into?------They are the legislative,the executive and the judicial.97.What is adult education also called now?-------It is also called”continuing education”programs or “lifelong education”programs. 98.What was the consequence of the Seven Years’War between the British and the French?------After the Seven Years’War, the French were forced to give up every inch of land in North America.99.What is the role of the Senate in Australia?------The senate has the very nearly equal power as the House of Representatives,except that it has no power to deal with money bills.cation in New Zealand is free,secular and compulsory,What does this sentence mean?-----It means that no tuition fee is paid,no school is run by religious party and every child must go to school to study.。
英美文化知识
5 the New Deal(罗斯福新政)
It was put forward by American President Roosevelt who wanted to do something to deal with the Great Depression at that time. It passed a lot of New Deal laws and set up some efficient social security systems. The New Deal helped “save American democracy” and overcome the most serious economic crisis of the capitalist system at that time.
Halloween(万圣节前夕），原为欧洲凯尔特人于凯尔特年最后一天10月31日庆祝新年，欢迎死者幽灵归来的节日，后逐渐与基督教的万圣节前夕（ALL HALLOWS'EVE)一起庆祝。苏格兰和爱尔兰移民将此庆祝习惯带给美国。
感恩节（Thanksgiving Day），美国和加拿大节日，由美国首创的，原意是为了感谢印第安人，后来人们常在这一天感谢他人。感恩节是在每年11月的第四个星期四，在这一天起将休假两天，都要和自己的家人团聚，不管多忙（有些特殊岗位除外）都是如此。感恩节在每年11月22－28日之间，感恩节是美国国定假日中最地道、最美国式的节日，加拿大的感恩节则起始于1879年，是在每年10月第二个星期一，与美国的哥伦布日相同。
初二英语国家与文化知识点
初二英语国家与文化知识点1. 介绍国家与文化的重要性（开头段）在初二英语学习中，国家与文化是一个重要的知识点。
了解不同国家的文化和背景对于拓宽视野、促进跨文化交流具有重要意义。
本文将带您了解一些常见的国家与文化知识点。
2. 国家与文化知识点之一：美国（主体段一）美国是一个多元文化的国家，其文化底蕴深厚。
美国的主要语言是英语，同时英国的传统也对美国文化有较大影响。
美国的音乐、电影和食物等方面都具有独特的魅力。
此外，美国的重要节日如独立日、感恩节等也是了解美国文化的重要窗口。
3. 国家与文化知识点之二：英国（主体段二）英国是英语的故乡，拥有悠久的文化传统。
莎士比亚的作品、皇室的历史、茶文化等都是英国文化的重要组成部分。
英国人讲究礼仪，喜欢喝茶、玩板球，英国音乐和电影也享誉世界。
了解英国文化有助于我们更好地掌握英语，并欣赏英国的艺术和文学。
4. 国家与文化知识点之三：中国（主体段三）中国作为一个历史悠久的国家，有着丰富多彩的文化。
中国是世界上最为人口众多的国家之一，中文是中国的官方语言。
中国的传统文化有着独特的魅力，如书法、绘画、茶道等。
中国的春节、中秋节等传统节日也是了解中国文化的窗口。
5. 国家与文化知识点之四：其他国家（主体段四）除了美国、英国和中国，世界上还有许多其他国家也拥有丰富的文化。
法国以其浪漫和时尚而著名，意大利以其美食和建筑而吸引人，日本以其独特的礼仪和传统艺术闻名，等等。
了解这些国家的文化不仅可以加深对其他国家的认识，也能促进跨文化交流。
6. 总结通过了解不同国家的文化，可以帮助我们更好地了解世界各地的人们，并促进文化之间的相互交流与理解。
初二英语学习中掌握国家与文化知识点，对于提高英语水平和培养跨文化意识具有重要作用。
（注：此为一篇大致满足1000字的文章，可根据需要增减字数。
文章内容仅供参考，具体内容可根据实际情况进行调整。
）。
2020秋七年级英语上册 英美文化 英美历史、地理及政治素材 (新版)人教新目标版
英美历史、地理及政治1.英国，全称大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国（The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2.英国本土位于欧洲大陆西北面的不列颠群岛，被北海、英吉利海峡、凯尔特海、爱尔兰海和大西洋包围。
3英国由大不列颠岛上的英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士，爱尔兰岛东北部的北爱尔兰以及一系列附属岛屿共同组成的一个西欧岛国。
除本土之外，其还拥有十四个海外领地，总人口超过6400万，4英国以英格兰人为主体民族。
英国是一个高度发达的资本主义国家。
其国民拥有较高的生活水平和良好的社会保障制度。
5英国作为英联邦元首国、欧洲联盟成员国、北大西洋公约组织创始会员国、G8成员国，英国同时也是联合国安全理事会五大常任理事国之一。
6英国是一个单一制、君主立宪的民主国家，它的政府体系（即所谓西敏制）直接影响了许多其他国家的政治体制。
7英国的国家元首和理论上最高权力的拥有者是英国君主。
英国是世界上最早出现资产阶级政党，并最先确立和实行两党制的国家。
目前英国属于议会内阁制下的两党制。
8英国在1688年的光荣革命确立英国君主立宪政体，英国是世界上第一个工业化国家，首先完成工业革命，国力壮大。
9 英国在18世纪至20世纪初期英国统治的领土跨越全球，是当时世界上最强大的国家。
在两次世界大战中都取得了胜利，但国力严重受损。
10英国到20世纪下半叶英帝国解体，超级大国领导地位被美国和苏联取代。
不过，目前英国仍是一个在世界范围内有相当影响力的大国。
11英国工业革命始于18世纪60年代，以棉纺织业的技术革新为始，以瓦特蒸汽机的发明和广泛使用为枢纽，以19世纪30、40年代机器制造业机械化的实现为基本完成的标志。
12英国女王玛丽。
英王亨利八世之女。
1553年即,位后，恢复天主教，因残酷迫害宗教改革家，烧死新教徒达300多人，而获此称谓“血腥玛丽”。
13英国人信仰的宗教主要是基督教。
2019秋七年级英语上册英美文化英美文化阅读素材(新版)人教新目标版
英美文化阅读1.海外文化:圣诞节袜子的传说It is said that there was a goodness man who went broke his domain . He lived a hard life and he had three daughters. The three daughters were being married but he didn't have money to buy dower for his daughters. On the happy Christmas Eve three girls went to bed early. They didn't know that their father was so worried. At last the Chrismas father decided to help them. He besprinkled gold through the stack and the gold fell into the socks of the man's daughters. They lived a happy life from then on... Christmas socks was origined by this.传说有个心地善良的没落贵族，生活非常艰难。
三个女儿快要出嫁了，他为自己没有钱给她们置办嫁妆而难过。
喜庆的圣诞夜，三个姑娘早早地蜷在炕上睡觉了，剩下父亲在长吁短叹。
圣诞老人决定帮助他们。
他在他们家的烟囱里撒下了许多金子，落进姑娘们烤在火炉旁的长筒丝袜里。
从此，他们过上了幸福而快乐的生活。
圣诞节的长筒袜就这样产生的。
2.圣诞老人的传说Chrismas Father was the descendant of a deity called Odin. It's also said that Chrismas Father comes from San Nichola, so he is also called St.Nicholas. He was the bishop of Asia Minor city of Rafah and he was called a man of God after his death. He is an old man in red clothes and he wears a red hat. He has white mustache. He comes from the north on a blowmobile every Chrismas Day. He went into people's houses by the track and he put the presents into children's socks. So in western countries,parents put the gifts to their kids in kids' socks and put them on the head of the bed on Chrismas Eve. On the second day, the first thing after kids wake up is to find the presents from Chrismas Fathers.圣诞老人为奥丁神后裔。
英美人知识资料
• C. Elizabeth C. Gaskell. D. Jane Austen.
该题是关于英国文学知识，考查的是英国著名小说家的作品, 考查作家作品
是专业该书为浪漫主义时期女作家Jane Austen所作，因此答案是D。
• 2．Which of the following novels was written by Emily Bronte? （2007 年真题第35题）
二、国家历史知识 1. 最早居民或早期居民
英国：The Iberians 古伊比利亚人 美国：The Indians 印第安人
加拿大：The Inuits 因纽特人 澳大利亚：The Aborigines 土著居民 新西兰：The Maoris 毛利人
2.重要历史事件
英国:The Norman Conquest of 1066(1066年诺曼征服)、
condensed into fourteen lines (2006年真题第37题)
• A. Free verse
B. Sonnet
• C. Ode
D. Epigram
该题是关于文学术语的问题。十四行诗（Sonnet ）是欧洲的一种抒情诗体，诗句 共 有十四行，音译为"商籁体"，语源于普罗旺斯语Sonnet。原系中世纪民间流行并用于 歌唱的一种短小诗歌。 自欧洲进入文艺复兴时代之后，这种诗体获得广泛的运用。十 六世纪初，十四行诗体传到英国，风行一时，到十六世纪末，十四行诗已成 了英国最 流行的诗歌体裁。产生了锡德尼、斯宾塞等著名的十四行诗人。莎士比亚 进一步发展 并丰富了这一诗体，一生写下一百五十四首十四行诗。莎士比亚的诗作，改变了彼得 拉克的格式，由三段四行和一副对句组成，即按四、四、四、二编排， 其押韵格式为 ABAB，CDCD，EFEF，GG。每行诗句有十个抑扬格音节，常常在最后一副对句中点明 题意。后来，弥尔顿、华兹华斯、雪莱、济慈等人也曾写过一些优秀 的十四行诗。因 此答案为B。
初中英语英美文化世界各地的人早餐吃什么素材
世界各地的人早餐一般吃什么？Eating: In Your Country, What Are The foods Usually Eaten For breakfast?在你的国家，人们早餐一般吃什么?Froylan Emilfer Sifuentes Correa, 148个好评：In Mexico, like in any other big country what you eat on a daily basis depends on where you live.在墨西哥，像在任何其他大国家一样，你每天吃什么取决于你住的地方。
Zacahuil is extremely popular on Sundays. Zacahuil, like most other southern Mexican food is made mostly of corn.Zacahuil在星期日非常受欢迎。
Zacahuil，像大多数其他墨西哥南部食物一样，主要是用玉米做的。
1. The corn undergoes Nixtamalization like it usually does in a lot of our food items. It is then soakedwith lots of spices.1.先要把玉米碱化，就像通常在我们的很多其他食品中一样(包括玉米饼)。
然后，把它浸泡在大量的香料里。
2. You tied this mix like a giant tamal with the banana leaves and the banana stems as string.2.你把这个混合物用香蕉叶捆绑成一个巨大的粽子，用香蕉茎做捆绑的绳子。
3. For a big tamal to cook thoroughly, you need a big oven.3.要让一个大粽子彻底煮熟，你需要一个大烤箱。
2019秋七年级英语上册 英美文化 英美饮食文化素材 (新版)人教新目标版
英美饮食文化1.时下所流行的下午茶也是传来自于英国，其较知名的有维多莉亚式，内容可说是包罗万象，包括各式小点、松糕、水果挞及三明治等。
2.英国的酒馆无所不在，有好几万家大大小小各具风味的酒馆，其中不乏数百年历史的. 英国人不怎么热衷口味花哨的鸡尾酒英国的酒馆也有不近人情的地方，就是严格执行打烊时间，通常是晚上十点半，下午也得中断，打烊到五六点钟才开门。
3.头盘也称开胃品，一般有冷盘和热头盘之分，常见的品种有鱼子酱、鹅肝酱、熏鲑鱼、鸡尾杯、奶油鸡酥盒、焗蜗牛。
4.英国人平时谈吐语言中，“请”与“谢谢”非常普遍，即使家庭中也是如此。
父母子女同桌吃饭时，父亲叫儿子把桌子上那瓶盐、酱油或其他东西拿过来，也得说声：“请把盐拿给我。
”当儿子把父亲所要的东西拿过来后，作父亲的一定要说声：“谢谢”。
5.在英国，一般富裕人家往往每日三餐，即早餐、午餐、茶点和晚餐。
英式早熟知是因为里面多是煎炸的食物：香肠，腌肉，蘑菇，番茄。
除此之外，还有土司，英式烤饼，茄汁焗豆等食物。
6.英式下午茶一般一两点左右开始, 通常是搭配成套，包括一壶茶及一份点心。
点心有三明治、奶油松饼或是小蛋糕。
7.鱼和薯条在英国是一个受欢迎的外卖食品，起源于1858年或1863年。
它由炸制的传统的鳕鱼或比目鱼裹着面糊面包屑，并配上炸土豆条。
8.传统的正餐通常有四道菜：第一道是汤，第二道是鱼，第三道是肉，第四道是甜点、布丁拼盘，和冰淇林，现在正餐基本上由头盘、主食和甜品组成。
9.美国人吃不同的肉类，但他们最喜欢的是牛肉。
当然，鸡肉和海鱼也是他们的美食。
如果你问美国人他们喜欢几分熟的牛排的话，答案可能会相当不同。
10.在美国很多人喜欢喝不加奶油或糖的黑咖啡。
据统计，美国人每天喝五百万杯咖啡。
当然，美国也欢迎其他饮料，如牛奶，奶昔，果汁，茶等。
11.美国人关心很多做事的速度。
大多数人吃早餐和午餐非常的快，除非它是一个社会企业或家庭聚会的场合。
但是晚饭，通常是一个时间较长的家庭聚会。
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About American
1.What is the full name of America?
The United States of America
2 How many states are there in the United States?
Fifty states
3 What is the capital of the USA
Washington D.C.
4 Where is the Stature of Liberty?
In New York
5 Where does the American president live ?
In the white house
About Britain
1 What does UK stand for ?
The United Kingdom
2 What us the full name of the UK?
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 3What are the four parts of the UK?
England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.
4In which continent is the UK situated?
In Europe.
5 By which channel is the UK separated
The English Channel
About China
1.How many ethnic groups are there in China?
56
2.In which continent is China located
In Asia
3. what are the four great inventions in ancient China? Paper-making, printing, gunpowder, and the compass
4. What is the largest island in China?
Taiwan Island
5. When was the people’s Republic of China founded?
On October 1st,1949
6. How many stars are there on the national flag of China?
Five
7 .Name three neighboring countries of China
(The answer varies. It could be any three of them) Japan, Vietnam, Russia, Cambodia, Laos, etc)
three well -known scenic spots in Beijing
(The answer varies. It could be any three of them) The Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Imperial Palace, Tian’anmen Square, etc.
9 .Why do the Chinese people usually eat at the Mid-Autumn Festival
They celebrate the it to honor the great poet Qu Yuan
10. what do Chinese people usually eat at the Mid-Autumn Festival.
Moon cakes.
11.What is the most important traditional festival in China?
The spring Festival
12. what do the Chinese do on New Year’s Eve?
Family members get together and have a big dinner.
13. what do people eat on the Lantern Festival?
Rice dumplings
14. What animal is called “The National Treasure of China”?
The panda.。