Willingham_Why don't students like school
英文原版教育类书籍
英文原版教育类书籍简介在当今全球化的时代，学习英语已经成为一个必要的能力。
无论是学术研究、就业竞争还是国际交流，掌握英语都具有重要意义。
而英文原版教育类书籍作为学习英语的重要资源，不仅能提高英语技能，还能拓宽知识面，增加对外文化的理解。
为什么选择英文原版教育类书籍1.语言真实性：英文原版教育类书籍以英语作为母语的方式进行表达，语言更为地道，可以提高英语语感，培养听说读写的整体能力。
2.学科知识：英文原版教育类书籍所涵盖的学科广泛，包括但不限于教育心理学、孩子的心理健康、人际关系处理、教育改革等。
这些书籍不仅可以提供英语学习的机会，还可以通过学习学科知识来提升自我。
3.文化理解：通过阅读英文原版教育类书籍，我们能够更好地了解英语国家的教育制度、教育理念以及教育实践。
这有助于拓宽我们的视野，增加对外文化的了解和尊重。
如何选择适合自己的英文原版教育类书籍选择适合自己的英文原版教育类书籍需要考虑以下几个方面：1. 难度水平根据自己的英语水平选择合适的难度。
初学者可以选择简单易懂的教育类书籍，以提高基础的英语阅读能力。
而对于英语较为流利的人来说，可以选择更加深入的教育类书籍来进一步提升自己的英语水平。
2. 个人兴趣选择自己感兴趣的教育类书籍能够提高学习的主动性和积极性，更易于坚持下去。
如果你对教育心理学感兴趣，可以选择相关的书籍；如果你想了解如何培养孩子的创造力，那么可以选择相关的书籍。
3. 评价和推荐在选择英文原版教育类书籍时，可以参考一些评价和推荐。
可以查看学术界的相关评价，也可以咨询一些已经读过的人的意见。
这有助于筛选出优质的教育类书籍。
常见的英文原版教育类书籍下面列举了一些常见的英文原版教育类书籍，供大家参考：1.“The Element: How Finding Your Passion Changes Everything” byKen Robinson2.“Mindset: The New Psychology of Success” by Carol S. Dweck3.“Educated: A Memoir” by Tara Westover4.“The Whole-Brain Child: 12 Revolutionary Strategies to NurtureYour Child’s Developing Mind” by Daniel J. Siegel and Tina Payne Bryson5.“Educational Psychology: Developing Learners” by Jeanne EllisOrmrod6.“The Smartest Kids in the World: And How They Got That Way” byAmanda Ripley7.“Teach Like a Champion 2.0: 62 Techniques T hat Put Students onthe Path to College” by Doug Lemov8.“Why Don’t Students Like School?: A Cognitive Scientist AnswersQuestions About How the Mind Works and What It Means for theClassroom” by Daniel T. Willingham9.“The Death and Life of the Great American School System: HowTesting and Choice Are Undermining Education” by Diane Ravitch 10.“Visible Learning: A Synthesis of Over 800 Meta-Analyses Relatingto Achievement” by John Hattie这些书籍涵盖了教育心理学、教育改革、学习技巧等多个方面，适合不同程度的读者。
托福机经预测9月题库独立口语
托福机经9月题库独立口语SPEAKING 11、★★★★★Describe an interesting clothes in your country and explain why it is interesting.2、★★★★★A high school plans to add an after-school activity for students. What kind of activity would you recommend? Using details and explain why.3、★★★★★Students would like take part in some free volunteer work, what kind of volunteer work do you prefer? Explain why it is important.4、★★★★★Describe a special friend in your childhood.And explain why the friend was important to you.5、★★★★★Describe a special friend in your childhood.And explain why the friend was important to you.6、★★★★★What country or culture do you want to learn about the most?Explain why you want to learn about this country or culture.7、★★★★★Describe a gift you want to give to someone.Give Specific details and examples to explain your answer8、★★★★★Describe your favorite academic subject.Give Specific details and examples to explain your answer9、★★★★★People face many difficulties in life. Which one of the following time period is the most difficult for you? Childhood, teenage hood or adulthood?Give Specific details and examples to explain your answer.10、★★★★★Describe a family activity that you enjoy most. Please use specific reasons and example to support your response.11、★★★★★Describe how you met a friend and why you became friends.12、★★★★★Describe a change that happened in your country, and how it has affected people’s life. Explain your answer in details.13、★★★★★What is the one thing foreign tourist need to pay attention to before they visit your country? Explain why? Include details and examples in your explanation.14、★★★★★Talk about a thing you always wanted to do but didn’t have time to yet. Explain why you want to do it, give examples and details in your explanation.15、★★★★★Which of following study methods do you think is the most effective? Having discussions, repeating class materials or taking a lot of notes. Give specific examples and details in your explanation.16、★★★★★Talk about a positive experience you recently had working with another person. Explain why this experience was important to you.17、★★★★★Your friend wants to build up a restaurant .What suggestions would you like to give regarding food and location.Please include specific reasons and details in your explanation.18、★★★★★Describethe differencesbetween two schools you've attended.Please in specific reasons and and details in your answer.Talk about a skill that you have mastered but you still want to improve20、★★★★★Which kind of skill do admire most?Sport skill，language skill，or artskill .Please include specific details and reasons in your answer.21、★★★★★Talk about the things you do that keep you healthy. Give examples and details in your explanation.22、★★★★★Describe an incident in which a friend of yours surprised you .Please give your answer with specific details23、★★★★★Talk about an activity you would like to participate in the near future, explain your answer in details.be difficult for you?24、★★★★★What do you often do to deal with homesick25、★★★★★Talk about a subject that you think is important but you do not enjoy studying.Explain why it is important and why you do not enjoy studying.26、★★★★★If you could study a subject that you have never had the opportunity to study，what subject would you choose?Explain your choice ，using specific reasons and details.27、★★★★★A friend wants to work for one year before he enters university .What is your opinion ?Please include reasons and examples to support your response.Teaching quality is very important to an university.What about other significant factors，which one would you choose in the first place and why?1.size 2.price 3.location29、★★★★★What‘s the most important invention affecting your life?Computer，television，or telephone.You would use past experience to support your opinion.30、★★★★★Describe a wonderful period of time in your life.Explain why you like that period of time and give specific reasons to support your answer.31、★★★★★Describe an interesting experience in a restaurant or in a cafe.Explain why the experience is memorable to you .Please include reasons and details to support your response.32、★★★★★Your friend want to get better grades, what advice you may give her.33、★★★★★Your friend wants to drop out of university or college. Do you agree or disagree with his decision? Please explain you opinion with details.34、★★★★★Which do you think is the biggest challenge that new university students face: being away from family, having no time to relax or making new friends? Use specific reasons and examples to explain your answer.35、★★★★★Describe an activity you tried and enjoyed recently. Explain why it was enjoyable to you. Include reasons and example to support your response.36、★★★★★Among the following three professions, which do you respect the most: photographers, musicians or painters. Please give your opinion and explanation using specific examples and details.37、★★★★★The school's canteen wants to change recipes to make healthy and low calories food. Please talk about the advantages and disadvantages. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.38、★★★★★College students should be allowed to keep pets in their dormitories. What do you think about this? Include specific reasons and details in your explanation.39、★★★★★In your opinion, what are some important characteristics of a good school? Use reasons and specific examples to explain why these characteristics are important.40、★★★★★What suggestion would you like to give to a foreign friend who wants to study in your country? Explain how this suggestion could help your friend, include reasons and details to support your response.41、★★★★Which is better, independent learning or studying in groups? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.42、★★★★Choose ONE of the forms of the technology in the list and tells why it changes(has had great impact)people's lives in your country? a) The airplane b) The computer c) The Television43、★★★★If a foreigner comes to your country,what kind of food would you recommend and why?You would use past personal experience to support your answer.44、★★★★Describe your favorite place to shop for clothes. Explain why you like to go there for clothes. Use specific reasons and examples to support your response.Describe a person that you look up to as a role model.Explain how this person influenced your life.Please include details and examples to support your response.46、★★★★A friend of yours wants to go to university next year but cannot decide on a major field of study.What advice would you give your friend to help make this decision .47、★★★★Please give your suggestions on saving our planet,since we are facing serious environmental problems.Explain your answers using specific examples and details.48、★★★★What kind of music do you like the least? Give reasons why you do not like this kind of music.49、★★★★Why do you think it is hard for university student to manager time50、★★★★Describe a performer you like. Why?51、★★★★What are some important effects of the worldwide availability of the Internet on modern people’s life? Use specific details and examples to support your response?52、★★★★What advice will you like to give to a friend who is going to take a job interview? Explain why this suggestion is important. Include reasons and details to support your response.53、★★★★What's your favorite toy or game in your childhood?Describe your favorite teacher. Explain why you like him or her. Include reasons and details to support your response.55、★★★★Describe your favorite area in your city. Please offer your explanation and details.56、★★★★While choosing a friend, which of the following characteristics do you care about most: honesty, loyalty or sense of humor? Explain why this characteristic is the most important to you?57、★★★★Describe a character in a book，film , poem, explain why you like it.58、★★★★what's the most important quality a good neighbor should have? Include reasons and details to support your response.59、★★★★Among the following three professions,which do you think makes the biggest contribution to society?Teachers,farmers,or doctors .60、★★★★which important skill do you think a student should learn? Please include specific examples and details in your explanation61、★★★★what do you think are the good ways to make new friends?62、★★★★If you could do one thing for your community, what will you do and why?63、★★★★Some students like to regularly review their notes; others like to review their notes just before test, state your choice and explain why.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is never too late for an old people to receive high education and to get a university degree. Use specific reasons to support your answer.65、★★★★Describe a thing that is very hard for you to achieve. Why?66、★★★★Describe a leisure activity you often do in your spare time. Explain why you often do it. Please include reasons and examples to support your response.67、★★★★Describe a subject you hate but you think it is very important.68、★★★★What type of books do you enjoy to read? Romance books, biography books or mystery books? Explain why you enjoy reading this type of book? Please include reasons and details in you explanation.69、★★★★Choose one of the following natural environment and explain why you would like to live there most: mountain，forest，desert，prairie, seashore or somewhere else? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.70、★★★★Would you go to study in a university of a foreign country?71、★★★★What suggestion would you like to give to a child who is starting school for the first time. Use reasons and specific examples to explain why this suggestion is important.72、★★★★What type of music do you enjoy most? Explain why you enjoy this type of music. Include reasons and details in you explanation.While choosing a house or an apartment to live in, what is the most important characteristic you care about? Why?74、★★★★Do you think it’s a good idea that some schools to require students to finish 40 hours of community service each year.75、★★★★What's your favorite subject when you are in elementary school?76、★★★★describe a personality have changed since you were a child .Explain how you changed this personality .Please include specific reasons and details in your response.77、★★★★Describe an event in history, and explain what you learned from the event. Please explain with details.78、★★★★Describe a person who always makes you laugh. Explain why the person is funny. Include details and examples in your explanation.79、★★★★talk about something you wanted to do but never had time to do yet. Describe the details and explain the reason.80、★★★★Think of a book that you have not read but are interested in reading. Explain why the book was important to you. Give specific details and examples to explain your answer.SPEAKING 21、★★★★★Would you like to spend time with family members or rather than alone and why?Some one prefer the traditional way of working, like going to the office setting, others prefer to work at home? which one do you prefer?3、★★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: it is better to be a leader in a group than a supporting member? Use examples and details in your explanation.4、★★★★★Do you prefer to write a long essay or give a speech in front of class for an assignment?5、★★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Is it easier to be a teacher than to be a student?Give Specific details and examples to explain your answer-76、★★★★★Some people like to spend their vacation time in countryside. Others like vacationing in the cities. Which do you prefer. Explain why.7、★★★★★some people prefer planning in advance, while others would like to concentrate on current task, which do u prefer?Give Specific details and examples to explain your answer.8、★★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Playing computer games is a waste of time9、★★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the statement? It's easier to teach children in primary schools than students in universities. Include reasons and details in your explanation.10、★★★★★When learning something new, some students like to take notes in classes while others prefer to listen to their teachers and take a few or no notes, which do you prefer and why?11、★★★★★When studying aboard, some students prefer to live by themselves or with their friends, others prefer to live with a local family. Which do you think is better?12、★★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the statement that watching sports program on TV is not a good use of time.13、★★★★★Some students prefer a grade that is based on many short assignments，while others prefer a grade based one or two long assignments. Which one do you prefer?14、★★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is better to live at a place where the climate stays the same all year round.15、★★★★★Some people prefer to sit in the front of a classroom during a lecture; others prefer to sit in the back during a lecture. Which do to think is better? Explain your response in details and examples.16、★★★★★Some people prefer to own cars; others prefer to mainly use public transportation. Which do you agree with? Explain why.17、★★★★★Some people think that one needs to be talented to be an artist, others believe trainingand hard work is more crucial for someone to be an artist. Which do you think is more important?18、★★★★★Some people prefer to celebrate their birthdays or holidays in a party. Others prefer to celebrate their birthdays or holidays quietly. Which do you prefer and why? Please include details and examples in your explanation.Do you think all high school students should take economic classes?20、★★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Cellphones have greatly improved people's lives. Please include reasons and details in your explanation.21、★★★★★Some people think that innate talent is important to a sportsman. Others think that working hard is more important.22、★★★★★Large grocery department store or small special store, which one do you prefer23、★★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following question. In order to stay happy, you must do a job that you love.24、★★★★★Artists and musicians are useful nowadays.25、★★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Children should learn to draw or paint. Use specific reasons to support your answer.26、★★★★★Doyou think it's important to learn from our ancestors? Give examples and details in your explanation.27、★★★★★Do you prefer to watch movie in theater or at home?28、★★★★★Some people prefer to go straight to their destination while traveling; others prefer to spend more time lookingaround on the way, which do you prefer?Do you prefer to buy books from bookstore or borrow books from bookstore or library?30、★★★★★Some students tent to study in a large class. Others study in small classes. Which method of studying do you think is better for students and why?31、★★★★★Some people prefer live music, while others prefer recorded music. Which do you prefer and why?32、★★★★★The most important lessons can not be learned in class.33、★★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students should study in a quiet place? Why?34、★★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? When students handle their assignments later than the deadline, teachers should reduce their scores? Use specific reasons to support your answer.35、★★★★★Instead of always being busy, one should have a relaxed life style. Do you agree or disagree with the above statement? Why or why not? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.36、★★★★★Some people prefer to write diaries or take photos to records things they've experienced. Others don't. What is your opinion and why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your response.37、★★★★★Some people prefer to live in a place most of their life. Other people prefer to move to different places. Which do you prefer and why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your response.Some schools offer classes early in the morning while others provide classes late at night? Which one do you prefer and why?39、★★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students should do some part-time jobs before they attending e specific reasons and examples to support your answer.40、★★★★★Some parents suggest children should be paid to do housework. Do you agree? Include reasons and details in your explanation.41、★★★★Some people believe that it is better for children to grow up in a small town. Others, however, believe that it is better for children to grow up in a big city. Which do you think is better?42、★★★★Some people prefer to listen to or watch news everyday, while others prefer to listen to or watch news occasionally. Which way do you prefer and why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.43、★★★★Should children learn how to paint ?Please give your opinion and explanation using specific examples and details .44、★★★★Which one would you like to choose :1.courses relating to a specific career 2.a variety of courses .Please explain your choice with specific examplesand details.45、★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:18 years old adults are not mature enough to vote .Please use specific reasons and examples to support your answer .46、★★★★Do you agree or disagree that eating healthy food is much easier now than 40 or 50 years ago?47、★★★★Are you willing to carefully choose a gift which your friends like or buy whatever you like? Please include specific reasons and examples to support your answer .48、★★★★Some students like to do their homework in group, while others prefer doing things alone. Which one do you prefer and why?49、★★★★Some people think in the future students will have classes on the internet in stand of in building, but some thinks students will still have class in building. What do you think?50、★★★★Some students prefer to go to universities or colleges in their own cities or towns. Others prefer to go to universities or colleges in new cities or towns. Which do you prefer and why? Include details and examples in your explanation.51、★★★★Some people prefer to play team sports, other prefer to play individual sports, which do you prefer and why?52、★★★★Do you like to be taught by experienced teachers or new teachers?53、★★★★Do you plan your free time or you do things spontaneously in your free time? Explain why!54、★★★★Some people prefer to go shopping only when they need to buy something. Other people like to shopping even they don’t have certain things to buy. Which would you prefer?55、★★★★with e specific reasons to support your answer.56、★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Children should be required to help with household tasks as soon as they are old enough to do so.Please use specific reasons and examples to support your answer .57、★★★★Some people prefer reading newspapers or magazines to get news; others prefer watching television or listening to radio to get news. Which way do you prefer and why? Include details to support your explanation.58、★★★★Do you think that university student is wasting time to take others course in other school that beyond their major.59、★★★★Some people prefer to watch entertainment TV programs while others prefer to watch educational programs. Which do you prefer? why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.60、★★★★Do you agree? It is important to remember and learn from past experience61、★★★★which do you prefer: prepared food or fresh food prepared by yourself?62、★★★★Describe a place where people in your town like to gather.Please include specific details in your answers.63、★★★★Describe a place where people in your town like to gather.Please include specific details in your answers.64、★★★★forbidden in some places. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.65、★★★★Do you agree or disagree with following statement? College education should only be available to people who have done well in secondary school?66、★★★★Do you agree or disagree the following statement? All children should learn foreign language.67、★★★★Do you prefer high-paid jobs or those that suit your personality.Please explain your preference with specific reasons.68、★★★★Do you prefer to watch a movie at home or at a movie theater?69、★★★★Some people prefer to make decisions quickly. Others prefer to take their time making them. Which do you prefer and why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your response.70、★★★★Some people prefer to read imaginative literature like fictions in their spare time，while others prefer to read real literature or nonfiction，such as historical books and biographies. Which kind of books do you prefer，and why? Use reasons and details in your explanation.71、★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? While choosing friends, people should always choose those who have different interests from their own. Include specific reasons and examples in your explanation.72、★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? While choosing friends, people should always choose those who have different interests from their own. Include specific reasons and examples in your explanation.73、★★★★Some people think that government should put money on arts and culture like museums and theaters. Others don’t think so. What is your opinion? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.74、★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It's easier to teach children in primary schools than students in universities. Include reasons and details in your explanation75、★★★★Some people prefer to watch films or concerts with a group of friends. Others prefer to watch films or concerts alone. Which do you prefer and why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your response.76、★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the statement assignments handed in late should receive penalties.77、★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the statement assignments handed in late should receive penalties.78、★★★★Do you prefer to travel by car or by public transportation such as bus when you are traveling in a strange city?79、★★★★should the parents let their children practical course like cooking and personal finance80、★★★★should the parents let their children practical course like cooking and personal finance外朗教育免费直播课：/html/tuofukecheng/zhiboke/。
2025年高一下学期期末考试英语试题(含答案)
2025年高一下学期期末考试英语试题（含答案）注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A. £19.15.B. £9.18.C. £9.15.答案是C。
1. What will Nancy do next?A. Go home.B. Go to school.C. Go shopping.2. What time will the plane arrive in London?A. At 5:00.B. At 2:50.C. At 2:15.3. Where is the man going?A. To a park.B. To a library.C. To a museum.4. Which shoe size does the man prefer?A.40.B.42.C.41.5. Why was the man late today?A. He had problems with his bike.B. He got up too late.C. He missed his bus.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
新视野大学英语第三版第一册Unit1教案
Unit 1, Book OneSection A: Toward a brighter future for all1. Teaching Objectives:To know the meaning and usage of some important words, phrases and patternsTo study Passage A and understand the main idea of the textTo understand the structure of the text and the devices for developing itTo talk about college education2.Time Allotment:Section A (3 periods):1st---2nd period: Pre-reading activities ( theme-related questions for warming up;)While-reading activities (cultural notes; useful words and expressions;difficult sentences)3rd period: While-reading activities (text structure; main ideas)Post-reading activities (comprehension questions; exercises)Section B(1period):4th periods: Practice of the reading skill (reading for the key idea in a sentence);T checks on Ss’ home reading by asking questions based on the passage.T explains some difficult sentences3.Teaching Procedures:Pre-reading ActivitiesStep 1. GreetingsGreet the whole class warmly.Step 2. Lead-in and preparation for readingLet them talk to each other about the following questions:1. What is the ideal university like in your eyes?2. What are your expectations of your college life?3. What advice did your parents give you before you left for college?Step 3. Fast readingAsk the Students to read the passage as quickly as they can and then answer the questions on the screen. Let them get the main idea of each paragraph and make clear about the text structure.Text structure: ( structured writing ) The passage can be divided into 3 parts.Part1 (para.1-3) Opening part of the welcome speechPart 2 (para.4-7) Making the best of what you have.Challenging yourself.Facing new experiences.Opportunities and responsibilities.Part 3 (Para.8) Concluding remarks of the welcome speech.Purpose: Improve the students’ reading and writing ability and understand the general idea of each paragraph.Method:Read the text individually and talk in groups; Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach and total physical response method.Step 4. Preparation for details of the text on the screenStudents are required to look at the Words and Phrases on the screen and give a brief presentation in class.Words and Phrases:Purpose: Train the Students’ ability of understandi ng and using foreign language.Method:Talk in groups, Use task-based language teaching method, communicative approach and total physical response method.1. (Para.1)pledge to do sth. 作保证，承诺China and the United states pledge to boost cooperation and exchange to ensure a better future for China-US ties.中美政府承诺将加强合作与交流以确保两国关系的未来更加美好。
我们为什么害怕学习
我们为什么害怕学习？这是一篇关于Willingham的好书：Why Don't Students like School的读书笔记。
这本书代表认知科学新世纪以来新进展在k12领域的应用。
九章回答九个问题，介绍九个观念，是在作者给American Educator写的 Ask the Cognitive Scientist专栏文章基础上改编的。
虽然作者写给中小学教师。
但是完全适用于成人自我学习。
其中，几乎处处颠覆了人们关于学习的常识。
将作者总结的9个认知科学原理简单翻译一下，并作一下我的批注：1. 人类天性好奇，但并非天生优秀的思想者原文：People are naturally curious, but they are not naturally good thinkers.颠覆的常识：人类爱学习。
大脑是修修补补来的，是发明用来生存的，而非发明用于学习的。
生存优先，好奇心在后，当裸猿们知道从被动转为主动探索世界，会获得繁殖与生存优势，于是，好奇心由此而生。
继而诞生了人类的言语、阅读、书写与教育制度。
但是还记得之前写的吗？大脑爱甜点，大脑的七个bug。
大脑并不擅于思考。
我们人类擅长的一些东西，比如能够辨别非常复杂的事物的视觉系统、能够弯腰下去，掏东西的身体系统，这是人类生存早期更重要的。
在满是石头的沙滩上漫步，是人类擅长的。
我们并不擅长与喜欢思考，尤其在超出好奇心所辐射的范畴之外。
所以，让学生爱上学校，是给他们创造，他的好奇心能够探索、能够获得成就感的必要难度的环境。
成人自学也是如此。
好奇心系统可以说是一个兴趣雷达，在雷达探索范围内，哄着大脑，我们的学习会更有效。
难度太低，无聊，难度太高，挫折，必要难度刚刚好。
2. 事实性知识重于技能原文：Factual knowledge precedes skill.颠覆的常识：批判性思维容易习得。
事实性知识，你可以理解为，是你已经相信的证据。
批判性思维、思维训练之所以极其艰难，要点并非你不了解批判性思维的重要性，而是在于，你还没有掌握足够多的批判性思维的证据。
不愿写作业的理由英语
不愿写作业的理由英语As an English teacher, I understand that students may have various reasons for not wanting to do their homework. Hereare some common reasons that students might give, expressedin English:1. Lack of Interest: "I find the subject matter uninteresting, which makes it hard for me to focus on the homework."2. Time Management Issues: "I have a lot on my plate, and I struggle to manage my time effectively, so homework oftengets pushed aside."3. Difficulty Understanding: "The concepts we're learning are challenging for me, and I need more help to understand them before I can do the homework."4. Lack of Motivation: "I don't see the relevance of the homework to my future career or personal interests, so I'mnot motivated to do it."5. Procrastination: "I tend to put things off until the last minute, and by the time I get around to homework, I'm either too tired or too stressed."6. Overwhelmed by Workload: "The amount of homework seems overwhelming, and I don't know where to start."7. Lack of Resources: "I don't have access to the necessary resources, like textbooks or a quiet place to study, which makes it difficult to complete the assignments."8. Health Issues: "I've been feeling unwell lately, and it's been affecting my ability to concentrate and complete my homework."9. Family Responsibilities: "I have responsibilities at home that take up a lot of my time, leaving me with little time for homework."10. Fear of Failure: "I'm afraid that if I do the homework and it's not perfect, I'll be judged negatively."11. Distraction: "There are too many distractions around me, like social media and video games, which take up a lot of my time."12. Lack of Clear Instructions: "Sometimes the homework instructions are not clear, and I'm unsure of what is expected of me."13. Burnout: "I feel like I'm always studying and never havea break, which has led to burnout and a lack of desire to do more work."14. Preference for Practical Learning: "I learn better by doing rather than by reading or writing, so traditional homework doesn't work well for me."15. Cultural Differences: "The way we approach learning in my culture is different, and I find it hard to adapt to the expectations here."As a teacher, it's important to address these concerns and find ways to make homework more engaging, manageable, and relevant to the students' lives.。
关于正直重要性的故事的英语作文
关于正直重要性的故事的英语作文The Day I Learned the Value of Being HonestIt was just another ordinary day at Oakwood Elementary School. I went to my classes, played at recess, and looked forward to going home after the final bell rang. Little did I know, that day would turn out to be one of the most important lessons of my young life.During our afternoon math period, Mrs. Jenkins handed back the tests we had taken the day before. I nervously opened my test paper, scared to see my grade. To my surprise, I had gotten a B+! I was really proud of myself for doing so well. Math wasn't my strongest subject, so scoring in the 'B' range felt like a huge accomplishment.As I celebrated my success in my head, I noticed the kid sitting next to me, Tommy Banks, looked completely dejected. I glanced over and saw a huge red 'F' circled at the top of his page.I felt bad for him, but also remembered how he had been boasting about how easy the test would be because his older brother had sent him pictures of all the answers. Clearly, his plan had backfired.Later at lunch, I overheard Tommy telling a bunch of other kids that he had gotten an 'A' on the math test. This really bothered me. I couldn't stand listening to him outright lie about his grade. But I didn't want to be known as a snitch or tattle-tale either. So I kept my mouth shut, trying to enjoy my peanut butter and jelly sandwich.After lunch, we had gym class. We were playing a big game of dodgeball, which is one of my favorite activities. Things were really heating up and there were only a few players left on each team. Suddenly, a ball came flying right at my face! I ducked just in time, thanking my quick reflexes for saving me from being pelted in the nose.When I looked up to see who had thrown the ball at me, I was shocked to see it was Tommy! He was smirking and giving me a look like he had accomplished something impressive. I felt my face getting hot with anger. What was his problem? We were supposed to be on the same team!At that moment, something inside me just snapped. "Hey Tommy!" I shouted across the gym. "I heard you telling everyone you got an 'A' on the math test. But that's not true, is it? You failed it!"Tommy's smirk immediately disappeared from his face. All the other kids gasped and started murmuring. Even some of the teachers turned to see what was going on."No way, you're lying!" Tommy shouted back at me, turning bright red with embarrassment."I'm not lying at all," I stated firmly. "I saw your 'F' grade with my own eyes when Mrs. Jenkins handed the tests back."More gasps and whispers filled the gym. Tommy looked like he wanted to disappear into the floor. He opened his mouth to protest more, but then stopped himself. He knew I had caught him dead in his lie.Mrs. Willingham, the gym teacher, blew her whistle loudly to quiet everyone down. "Alright, alright, that's enough!" she announced sternly. "We'll continue this game another time. Everyone please go hit the locker rooms and get ready for your next class."I could feel all eyes on me as the students shuffled out of the gym. The rest of the day seemed to go by in a blur. I tried my best to focus, but I kept replaying the gym incident over and over in my head.Part of me felt guilty for publicly embarrassing Tommy like that. Another part of me felt relieved to finally stand up to his dishonest ways. Most of all though, I just felt confused. I didn't fully understand why telling the truth was so difficult, yet so important at the same time.When the final bell rang, I slowly made my way to the school bus ramp, lost in my own thoughts. I was one of the last students to board the bus. As I headed down the aisle to find a seat, I looked up to see Tommy glaring at me from a few rows back. He shot me a look of pure hatred, one that could have burned a hole right through me.I quickly sat down, wishing I could just disappear into the ripped vinyl cover of the bus seat. My heart was pounding with anxiety over how Tommy would retaliate. He was one of the biggest bullies at our school and I had just majorly crossed him. I said a silent prayer, hoping he would just leave me alone.The bus dropped me off at my usual stop and I hurried inside, relieved to be home. My mom could immediately sense something was wrong when she saw my distressed face."Everything okay, sweetie?" she asked with a concerned look. "You look like you've had a rough day."I simply shook my head, still not able to find the words to explain what had happened.Mom pulled me in for a warm hug and gently stroked my hair. "Hey now, it's alright," she soothed. "Why don't you go put your stuff down and we can talk about it over some cookies and milk?"A few minutes later, I was seated at the kitchen table munching on freshly baked chocolate chip cookies as I recounted the whole gym incident to my mom. She listened intently, nodding her head every so often.When I finished, she took a deep breath. "Well," she began, "it sounds like you did the right thing by telling the truth, even though it wasn't easy."I shrugged my shoulders, still feeling uncertain if I had handled it properly.Mom continued, "Honesty is one of the most important values we should uphold, even when it's uncomfortable or unpopular. You shouldn't feel bad for standing up to a lie. In fact, I'm proud of you for having such strong integrity."Her words helped relieve some of the guilt I had been feeling. She went on to explain how trust is the foundation forany healthy relationship, whether it's with friends, family, or members of our community. Without being able to expect honesty from one another, that foundation would completely crumble."The truth is always worth telling," she said with conviction. "Even if it's difficult or painful in that particular moment, being truthful will lead to much less hurt and complications in the long run."I thought about the friendships and dynamics in my life. How many of them operated under a bed of lies and false pretenses? Probably more than I realized. It made me sad, but also motivated to create a cycle of authenticity going forward.The next day at school, a few kids snickered at me in the hallway, almost certainly taking Tommy's side. But I stood tall, holding my head high. If being honest meant losing friends or social status, then those weren't the types of friendships I wanted anyway.In the days and weeks that followed, Tommy did his best to retaliate by playing tricks and pranks. From putting a tack on my chair to stuffing smelly tuna in my backpack, he relentlessly tried his best to get back at me. But I didn't let it get to me. I was tooproud of myself for finally putting my foot down against a liar and bully.Amazingly, after seeing how calmly and maturely I handled Tommy's stunts, some other kids started coming to me for advice on dealing with bullies themselves. They were inspired by my courage to stick up for what was right. I soon gained a reputation as someone who could be counted on to be truthful and fair, even when it wasn't easy.Looking back now, that was one of the most pivotal days of my childhood. It was the moment I learned the true value and power of something as fundamentally simple as being honest. Every day since, I've tried my absolute best to uphold integrity in everything I do, no matter the situation.Have I been perfect? Of course not, nobody is. There have certainly been times I've caught myself telling white lies, exaggerating, or withholding full truths out of convenience. But I always remind myself how that small decision to stand up against Tommy's lies all those years ago completely shifted the trajectory of my life in such a positive way. If being honest could have that much impact in grade school, imagine the importance of carrying that lesson with you into adulthood?Honesty and authenticity are precious gifts we can give to this world and to one another. We may not always like or agree with the truths that are spoken, but we should always respect and appreciate the act of someone honoring us with their honesty. Truth really does set us free, even if it's difficult to accept at times.The bottom line is, I don't believe dishonesty, lying, and deception have any place in cultivating a life of fulfillment and happiness. I'll keep striving to be as honest as humanly possible, today and for the rest of my days. All it takes is a little bit of courage, like the courage of that scrawny kid standing up in the middle of gym。
雅思听力单选题中的选项特征介绍
雅思听力单选题中的选项特征介绍雅思听力单选题中的选项特征介绍考生必须熟悉选项，做好选项的定位。
作为一个正确的选项，首先选项本身一定要正确无误，不能有一处错误。
因此考生在听题时只要找到选项中有任何错误就可以首先排除。
专家提醒广大考生，在做选择题时不能一味抱着找到正确选项的想法，在遇到难题时，能否定一个选项也能增加猜测的准确率。
如果能否定两个选项，那么即使没有听见正确选项的表达也应该大胆选择。
例如：剑四 Test 2 Section 2Question 17 Students in financial difficulties can receiveA. assistance to buy booksB. a loan to pay their course feesC. a no-interest loan to cover study expenses原文在讲到该题的内容后马上提到full-time students can get a low-interest loan，显然C选项就不符合这个前提要求了，那么后半句话即便正确也不能作为正确选项了。
需要注意的是，考生千万不能错记成只要有一个单词正确的选项即为正确选项。
很多考生在做题时发现选项和听到的内容有部分重合就认为是正确的，其实这只不过是定位选项的过程，考生还应该继续分析其余内容正确与否。
例如：剑四 Test 2 Section 2Question 12 Stress may be caused byA. new teachersB. time pressureC. unfamiliar subject matter该题在课堂练习中错误率极高，很多考生听到stress出现认为定位没问题，又听到unfamiliar出现就想当然选上了C。
且不管实际定位出现了一点点问题，文中说的是teaching and learning methods that are unfamiliar to you，和subject matter完全没有关系，是应该首先否定的选项。
高中英语上外版选择性必修第二册Unit2LanguageandMindWriting课后练习、课时练
一、完形填空文章大意：这是一篇议论文。
文章讲述了英语作为一门重要语言，一直以来被很多广告错误宣传，导致人们认为这门语言很容易学，实际上学好英语需要大量的练习。
1. There are about fifteen hundred languages in the world. But _______ a few of them are very _______. English is one of these. Many people use it, not only in England and the US, but in other parts of the world. About 200, 000, 000 people speak it as their own language. It is difficult to say how many people are learning it as a _______ language. Many millions are _______ to do so.Is it easy or difficult to learn English? Different people may have different _______. Have you ever _______ the ads of this kind in newspapers or magazines?“Learn English in six month, or your _______ back... ” “Easy and funny? Our recordsand tapes _______ you master your English in a month. _______ the first day your________ will be excellent. Just send... ” Of course, it ne ver ________ quite like this.The only language that seems easy to learn is the mother tongue. We should ________ that we all learned our own language well when we were ________. If we could learn English in the same way, it would not seem so difficult. ________ what a small child does. He listens to what people say. He tries what he hears. When he is using the language, talking in it, and ________ in it all the time, just imagine how much ________ that he gets!So it is ________ to say that learning English is easy, because a good command of English ________ upon a lot of practice. And practice needs great effort and ________ much time. Good teachers, records, tapes, books, and dictionaries will ________. But they cannot do the student’s work of him.1.A．not B．quite C．only D．very2.A．difficult B．important C．necessary D．easy3.A．native B．foreign C．useful D．mother4.A．learning B．enjoying C．trying D．liking5.A．questions B．problems C．ideas D．answers6.A．found B．watched C．noticed D．known7.A．knowledge B．time C．money D．English8.A．force B．help C．get D．allow9.A．From B．On C．Since D．After10.A．spelling B．grammar C．English D．pronunciation 11.A．happens B．knows C．seems D．feels12.A．know B．remember C．understand D．think 13.A．students B．children C．babies D．grown-ups 14.A．Get B．Mind C．Do D．Think of15.A．using B．thinking C．trying D．practicing16.A．time B．money C．language D．practice17.A．hard B．easy C．funny D．silly18.A．depends B．tries C．has D．takes19.A．uses B．takes C．gets D．spends20.A．do B．work C．help D．master二、阅读选择(阅读理解)文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。
2023年8月英语专业四级改革样卷新题型
2023年8月英语专业四级改革新题型（样卷）PART 1 DICTATION [10 MIN]Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 1 minute to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN]SECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the talk. When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to complete your work.SECTION B CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear two conversations. At the end of each conversation, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, youshould read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have thirty seconds to preview the questions.Now, listen to the conversations.Conversation One.1. A. The return trip is too expensive.B . There is no technology to get people back.C. People don’t want to return.D. The return trip is too risky.2. A. Intelligence.B. Health.C. Skills.D. Calmness.3. A. The kind of people suitable for the trip.B. Interests and hobbies of the speakers.C. Recruitment of people for the trip.D. Preparation for the trip to Mars.…Conversation Two6. A. Going to the high street. B. Visiting everyday shops.C. Buying things like electrical goods.D. Visiting shops and buying online.7. A. 3%. B. 33%.C. 42%.D. 24%.8. A. They want to know more about pricing.B. They can return the product later.C. They want to see the real thing first.D. They can bargain for a lower shop price.…PART III LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words, phrases or statements marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word, phrase or statement that best completes the sentence.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11.When you have finished with that book, don’t forget to put it back on the shelf, ______?A. don’t youB. do youC. will youD. won’t you12.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Only one out of six were present at the meeting.B. Ten dollars was stolen from the cash register.C. Either my sister or my brother is coming.D. Five miles seem like a long walk to me.13.It is not so much the language ______ the cultural background that makes the film difficult tounderstand.A. butB. norC. likeD. as14.There is no doubt ______ the committee has made the right decision on the housing project.A. whyB. thatC. whetherD. when15.If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he ______ able to advise you much better than Ican.A. will beB. wasC. would beD. were16.Which of the following is a stative verb (静态动词)?A. Drink.B. Close.C. Rain.D. Belong.17.Which of the following italicized parts indicates a subject-verb relation?A. The man has a large family to support.B. She had no wish to quarrel with her brother.C. He was the last guest to leave.D. Mary needs a friend to talk to.18.Which of the following is INCORRECT?A. Another two girls.B. Few words.C. This work.D. A bit of flowers.19.When one has good health, ______ should feel fortunate.A. youB. sheC. heD. we20.There ______ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.A. to beB. to have beenC. beD. being21.Bottles from this region sell ______ at about $50 a case.A. entirelyB. totallyC. wholesaleD. together22.The product contains no ______ colours, flavours, or preservatives.A. fakeB. artificialC. falseD. wrong23.______ and business leaders were delighted at the decision to hold the national motor fair inthe city.A. CivilB. CivilizedC. CivilianD. Civic24.The city council is planning a huge road-building programme to ease congestion. Theunderlined part means ______.A. calmB. relieveC. comfortD. still25.His unfortunate appearance was offset by an attractive personality. The underlines part meansall the following EXCEPT ______.A. improvedB. made up forC. balancedD. compensated for26.The doctor said that the gash in his cheek required ten stitches. The underlined part means______.A.B.C.D.27.During the economic crisis, they had to cut back production and ______ workers.A. lay offB. lay intoC. lay downD. lay aside28.To mark its one hundredth anniversary, the university held a series of activities includingconferences, film shows, etc. The underlined part means ______.A. signifyB. celebrateC. symbolizeD. suggest29.His fertile mind keeps turning out new ideas. The underlined part means ______.A. abundantB. unbelievableC. productiveD. generative30.These issues were discussed at length during the meeting. The underlined part means ______.A. eventuallyB. subsequentlyC. lastlyD. fullyPART IV CLOZE [10 MIN]Decide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET TWO.A. asB. aimlessC. botherD. fastE. flightsF. helplessG. labor-savingH. levels I. money-saving J. pause K. quite L. stand by M. standstillN. traffic O. trappedElectricity is such a part of our everyday lives and so much taken for granted nowadays that we rarely think twice when we switch on the light or turn on the TV set. At night, roads are brightly lit, enabling people and (31) ______ to move freely. Neon lighting used in advertising has become part of the character of every modern city. In the home, many (32) ______ devices are powered by electricity. Even when we turn off the bedside lamp and are (33) ______ asleep, electricity is still working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. Every day, trains and subways take us to and from work. We rarely (34) ______ to consider why or how they run—until something goes wrong．In the summer of 1959, something did go wrong with power-plant that provided New York with electricity. For a great many hours, life came almost to a (35) ______. Trains refused to move and the people in them sat in the dark, powerless to do anything; lifts stopped working, so that even if you were lucky enough not to be (36) ______ between two floors, you had the unpleasant task of finding your way down (37) ______of stairs．Famous streets like Broadway and Fifth Avenue in an instant becameas gloomy and uninviting (38) ______ the most remote back streets. People were afraid to leave their houses, for although the police had been ordered to (39) ______ in case of emergency. they were just as confused and (40) ______ as anybody else.PART V READING COMPREHENSION [35 MIN]SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONEInundated by more information than we can possibly hold in our heads, we’re increasingly handing off the job of remembering to search engines and smart phones. Google is even reportedly working on eyeglasses that could one day recognize faces and supply details about whoever you’re looking at. But new research shows that outsourcing our memory –and expecting that information will be continually and instantaneously available – is changing our cognitive habits. Research conducted by Betsy Sparrow, an assistant professor of psychology at Columbia University, has identified three new realities about how we process information in the Internet age. First, her experiments showed that when we don’t know the answer to a question, we now think about where we can find the nearest Web connection instead of the subject of the question itself. A second revelation is that when we expect to be able to find in formation again later on, we don’t remember it as well as when we think it might become unavailable. And then there is the researchers’ final observation: the expectation that we’ll he able to locate information down the line leads us to form a memory not of the fact itself but of where we’ll be able to find it.But this handoff comes with a downside. Skills like critical thinking and analysis must develop in the context of facts: we need something to think and reason about, after all. And these factsc an’t be Googled as we go; they need to be stored in the original hard drive, our long-term memory. Especially in the case of children, “factual knowledge must precede skill,” says Daniel Willingham, a professor of psychology, at the University of Virginia – meaning that the days of drilling the multiplication table and memorizing the names of the Presidents aren’t over quite yet. Adults, too, need to recruit a supply of stored knowledge in order to situate and evaluate new information they encounter. You ca n’t Google context.Last, there’s the possibility, increasingly terrifying to contemplate, that our machines will fail us. As Sparrow puts it, “The experience of losing our Internet connection becomes more and more like losing a friend.” If you’re going to keep your memory on your smart phone, better make sure it’s fully charged.41. Google’s eyeglasses are supposed to ____.A. improve our memoryB. function like memoryC. help us see faces betterD. work like smart phones42. Which of the following statements about Sparrow’s research is CORRECT?A. We remember people and things as much as before.B. We remember more Internet connections than before.C. We pay equal attention to location and content of information.D. We tend to remember location rather than the core of facts.43. What is the implied message of the author?A. Web connections aid our memory.B. People differ in what to remember.C. People keep memory on smart phones.D. People need to exercise their memory.PASSAGE TWOI was a second-year medical student at the university, and was on my second day of rounds at a nearby hospital. My university’s philosophy was to get students seeing patients early in their education. Nice idea, but it overlooked one detail: second-year students know next to nothing about medicine.Assigned to my team that day was an attending – a senior faculty member who was there mostly to make patients feel they weren’t in the hands of amateurs. Many attendings were researchers who didn’t have much recent hos pital experience. Mine was actually an arthritis specialist. Also along was a resident (the real boss, with a staggering mastery of medicine, at least to a rookie like myself). In addition there were two interns(住院实习医生). These guys were just as green as I was，but in a scarier way: they had recently graduated from the medical school, so they were technically MDs.I began the day at 6:30am. An intern and I did a quick check of our eight patients; later, we were to present our findings to the resident and then to the attending. I had three patients and the intern had the other five - piece of cake.But when I arrived in the room of 71-year-old Mr. Adams，he was sitting up in bed, sweating heavily and panting (喘气). He’d just had a hip operation and looked terrible. I listened to his lungs with my stethoscope, but they sounded clear. Next I checked the log of his vital signs and saw that his respiration and heart rate had been climbing, but his temperature was steady. It didn’t seem like heart failure, nor did it appear to be pneumonia. So I asked Mr. Adams what he thought was going on.“It’s really hot in here, Doc,” he replied.So I attributed his condition to the stuffy room and told him the rest of the team would return in a few hours. He smiled and feebly waved goodbye.At 8:40 am., during our team meeting, “Code Blue Room 307!” blared from the loudspeaker.I froze.That was Mr. Adams’s room.When we arrived, he was motionless.The autopsy (尸体解剖) later found Mr. Adams had suffered a massive pulmonary embolism (肺部栓塞). A blood clot had formed in his leg, worked its way to his lungs, and cut his breathing capacity in half. His symptoms had been textbook: heavy perspiration and shortness of breath despite clear lungs. The only thin g was: I hadn’t read that chapter in the textbook yet. And I was too scared, insecure, and proud to ask a real doctor for help.This mistake has haunted me for nearly 30 years, but what’s particularly frustrating is that the same medical education system persists. Who knows how many people have died or suffered harm at the hands of students as naïve as I, and how many more will?44. We learn that the author’s team members had _____.A. much practical experienceB. adequate knowledgeC. long been working thereD. some professional deficiency45. “His symptoms had been textbook” means that his symptoms were ______.A. part of the textbookB. no longer in the textbookC. recently included in the textbookD. explained in the textbook46. At the end of the passage, the author expresses ____ about the medical education systemA. optimismB. hesitationC. concernD. supportPASSAGE THREEThe war on smoking, now five decades old and counting, is one of the nation’s greatest public health success stories – but not for everyone.As a whole, the country has made amazing progress. In 1964, four in ten adults in the US smoked; today fewer than two in ten do. But some states – Kentucky, South Dakota and Alabama, to name just a few – seem to have missed the message that smoking is deadly.Their failure is the greatest disappointment in an effort to save lives that was started on Jan. 11, 1964, by the first Surgeon General’s Report on Smoking and Health. Its finding that smoking is a cause of lung cancer and other diseases was major news then. The hazards of smoking were just starting to emerge.The report led to cigarette warning labels, a ban on TV ads and eventually an anti-smoking movement that shifted the nation’s attitude on smoki ng. Then, smokers were cool. Today, many are outcasts, rejected by restaurants, bars, public buildings and even their own workplaces. Millions of lives have been saved.The formula for success is no longer guesswork: Adopt tough warning labels, air public service ads, fund smoking cessation programs and impose smoke-free laws. But the surest way to prevent smoking, particularly among price-sensitive teens, is to raise taxes. If you can stop them from smoking, you’ve won the war. Few people start smoking after turning 19.The real-life evidence of taxing power is powerful. The 10 states with the lowest adult smoking rates slap an average tax of $2.42 on every pack – three times the average tax in the states with the highest smoking rates.New York has the highest cigarette tax in the country, at $4.35 per pack, and just 12 percent of teens smoke, far below the national average of 18 percent. Compare that with Kentucky, where taxes are low (60 cents), smoking restrictions are weak and the teen smoking rate is double New York’s. Other low-tax states have similarly dismal records.Enemies of high tobacco taxes cling to the tired argument that they fall disproportionately on the poor. True, but so do the deadly effects of smoking – far worse than a tax. The effect of the taxes is amplified further when the revenue is used to fund initiatives that help smokers quit or persuade teens not to start.Anti-smoking forces have plenty to celebrate this week, having helped avoid 8 million premature deaths in the past 50 years. But as long as 3,000 adolescents and teens take their first puff each day, the war is not won.47. According to the context, “Their failure” refers to _____.A. those adults who continue to smokeB. those states that missed the messageC. findings of the reportD. hazards of smoking48. What is the passage mainly about?A. How to stage anti-smoking campaigns.B. The effects of the report on smoking and health.C. Tax as the surest path to cut smoking.D. The efforts to cut down on teenage smoking.PASSAGE FOURAttachment Parenting is not Indulgent Parenting. Attachment parents do not “spoil” their children. Spoiling is done when a child is given everything that they want regardless of what they need and regardless of what is practical. Indulgent parents give toys for tantrums(发脾气), ice cream for breakfast. Attachment parents don’t give their children everything that they want, they give their children everything that they need. Attachment parents believe that love and comfort are free and necessary. Not sweets or toys.Attachment Parenting is not “afraid of tears” parenting. Our kids cry. The difference is that we understand that tantrums and tears come from emotions and not manipulation. And our children understand this too. They cry and have tantrums sometimes, of course. But they do this because their emotions are so overwhelming that they need to get it out. They do not expect to be “rewarded” for their strong negative emotions; they simply expect that we will listen. We pick up our babies when they cry, and we respond to the tears of our older children because we believe firmly that comfort is free, love is free, and that when a child has need for comfort and love, it isour job to provide those things. We are not afraid of tears. We don’t avoid them. We hold our children through them and teach them that when they are hurt or frustrated we are here to comfort them and help them work through their emotions.Attachment Parenting is not Clingy Parenting. I do not cling to my children. In fact, I’m pretty free-range. As soon as they can move they usually move away from me and let me set up a chase as they crawl, run, skip and hop on their merry way to explore the world. Sure, I carry them and hug them and chase them and kiss them and rock them and sleep with them. But this is not me following them everywhere and pulling them back to me. This is me being a home base. The “attachment” comes from their being allowed to attach to us, not from us attaching to them like parental leeches.Attachment Parenting is not Selfish Parenting. It is also not selfless parenting. We are not doing it for us, and we are not doing it to torment ourselves,Attachment parenting is not Helicopter Parenting. I don’t hover. I supervise, I follow, I teach, I de monstrate, I explain. I don’t slap curious hands away, I show how to do things safely, I let my child do the things that my child wishes to do, first with help and then with supervision and finally with trust. I don’t insist that my 23 month old hold my ha nd when we walk on the sidewalk because I know that I can recall him with my voice because he trusts me to allow him to explore and he trusts me to explain when something is dangerous and to help him satisfy his curiosities safely.Most of the negative thi ngs that I hear about “attachment parents” are completely off-base and describe something that is entirely unlike Attachment Parenting. Attachment Parenting is child-centric and focuses on the needs of the child. Children need structure, rules, and boundaries. Attachment Parents simply believe that the child and the parent are allies, not adversaries, And that children are taught, not trained.49. According to the author, what should parents do when their kids cry?A. Providing comfort and love.B. Trying to stop kids crying.C. Holding them till they stop.D. Rewarding kids with toys.50. What does “free-range” mean according to the passage?A. Fond of providing a home base.B. Ready to play games with my kids.C. Curious to watch what games they play.D. Willing to give kids freedom of movement.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO more than TEN words in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51. According to the passage, what does “cognitive habits” refers to?PASSAGE TWO52. Why was the author doing rounds in a hospital?PASSAGE THREE53. What does “counting” mean in the context?54. What does the author think of raising tax on cigarettes?PASSAGE FOUR55. What does the passage mainly discuss?PART VI WRITING [45 MIN]Should we revive traditional Chinese characters or continue using simplified characters?This has been an intensely discussed question for years. The following are the supporters’and opponents’ opinions. Read carefully the opinions from both sides and write your response in about 200 words, in which you should first summarize briefly the opinions from both sides and give your view on the issue.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.。
不赞成学生补课理由英语作文
The Downsides of Supplementary Lessonsfor StudentsIn the fast-paced academic world, it is becoming increasingly common for students to engage in supplementary lessons outside of their regular school schedule. While these additional classes might seem like a viable option to enhance academic performance or to prepare for competitive exams, there are numerous reasons why I am not in favor of students attending supplementary lessons.Firstly, supplementary lessons often lead to excessive stress and burnout. Students are already burdened with homework, exams, and extracurricular activities, and adding more hours of study only adds to their already hefty workload. This constant state of being overworked can leadto physical and mental exhaustion, affecting their overall well-being and ability to perform well in school.Secondly, supplementary lessons can becounterproductive to learning. The cramming and rotelearning methods often employed in these classes encourage students to focus on memorization rather than understanding. This approach does not foster critical thinking orencourage students to explore subjects deeply, which are crucial skills for lifelong learning.Moreover, supplementary lessons restrict students' free time, limiting their opportunities for relaxation, creativity, and social interaction. Free time is essential for children's development, allowing them to pursue interests outside of the classroom, develop social skills, and engage in physical activities. By depriving them ofthis vital time, we are potentially stunting their growth and preventing them from developing into well-rounded individuals.Additionally, supplementary lessons can create an unhealthy competition among students. As parents and teachers push children to excel academically, the pressure to perform can lead to feelings of inadequacy and failure. This intense focus on grades can damage students' self-esteem and motivation, leading them to view learning as a chore rather than a pleasure.Lastly, supplementary lessons often come with a significant financial cost. For many families, the expense of these additional classes can be a significant burden,especially in regions where the cost of education isalready high. This financial pressure can lead to families sacrificing other important aspects of their children's development, such as extracurricular activities or even basic necessities.In conclusion, while supplementary lessons might seem like a quick fix to improve academic performance, they come with numerous downsides that outweigh their potential benefits. They lead to increased stress and burnout, foster unhealthy learning habits, restrict free time, create unhealthy competition, and impose a significant financial burden on families. Instead of relying on supplementary lessons, we should focus on creating an environment that fosters a love of learning, encourages critical thinking, and values students' overall well-being.**不赞成学生补课理由**在如今快节奏的学习环境中，学生参加课外补习班变得越来越普遍。
你为何不读书英语作文高中
你为何不读书英语作文高中As an AI language model, I'm here to assist you with your English writing needs. However, I can provide guidance and suggestions on how to structure your essay on the topic of "Why I don't read English essays in high school." Here's an outline you can follow:Title: The Case for Not Reading English Essays in High School。
Introduction:Introduce the topic and its significance in education.Provide a brief overview of the reasons for not reading English essays in high school.Body:1. Lack of Engagement:Discuss how traditional English essays may fail to engage students due to their formal and rigid structure.Provide examples of alternative forms of literature or media that could better capture students' attention and interest.2. Limited Relevance:Argue that many English essays may lack relevance to students' lives and interests.Suggest incorporating more contemporary and culturally diverse texts that resonate with students from diverse backgrounds.3. Stifling Creativity:Explore how the emphasis on standardized essay formats may stifle students' creativity and originality.Propose alternatives such as creative writing projects or multimedia presentations that allow students to express themselves more freely.4. Narrow Scope:Critique the narrow focus of traditional English essays on literary analysis and academic writing.Advocate for a broader approach that includes critical thinking skills and real-world applications of language and communication.Conclusion:Summarize the main points of the essay.Reiterate the importance of reevaluating traditional teaching methods to better meet the needs and interests of students in the modern era.Remember to support each argument with evidence andexamples, and to maintain a clear and logical structure throughout your essay. Good luck!。
是什么让选专业变得困难英语作文
是什么让选专业变得困难英语作文The Challenges of Choosing a Major.Choosing a major is a crucial decision in the academic journey of any student. It involves a deep understanding of one's interests, passions, and career aspirations, coupled with an awareness of the professional landscape and future prospects. However, this process is often fraught with difficulties, making it a challenging task for many.One of the primary difficulties in choosing a major is the overwhelming array of options available. Universities and colleges today offer a vast range of majors, from traditional fields like literature and science to新兴领域such as data science and artificial intelligence. This diversity can be exciting, but it can also be overwhelming for students who are trying to figure out which path to follow. With so many choices, it's easy to feel paralyzed by indecision, uncertain about which major will best suit your skills and interests.Another challenge is the pressure to choose the "right" major. Family members, teachers, and society often have expectations about what a student should study, based on perceived job prospects, salary potential, or social status. This external pressure can make it difficult to followone's own passions and interests, especially if they don't align with these external expectations. The fear of makinga wrong decision and ending up in a career that doesn'tfulfill you can be paralyzing.Furthermore, the process of choosing a major often requires self-reflection and self-knowledge, which can be difficult for some students. Understanding your own strengths, weaknesses, values, and goals is crucial in making this decision. However, many students may lack the tools or the guidance to effectively reflect on their own identities and aspirations. Without this self-awareness,it's difficult to make an informed choice about which major to pursue.Moreover, the future job market is constantly evolving,making it difficult to predict which majors will be in demand. Technology and other industries are constantly changing, and what was once a promising field may no longer be so in a few years' time. This uncertainty can make it difficult for students to choose a major with confidence, knowing that their choice could potentially affect their future career prospects.Additionally, the cost of education is a significant factor that can influence students' choices. Many students may be limited to choosing a major based on theaffordability of their education. For example, some majors may require more expensive equipment, materials, or field trips, which can be a financial burden for students andtheir families.Despite these challenges, it's important to rememberthat choosing a major is a process, not a one-time decision. Students have the option to explore different fields of study, take elective courses, and even change their majorsif they discover a new interest or passion. The key is to approach the process with an open mind, seeking guidanceand support from mentors, advisors, and peers. By taking the time to understand oneself and the professional landscape, students can make informed decisions that will lead them to fulfilling and successful careers.。
不同意学生做家务的理由英语作文
不同意学生做家务的理由英语作文Title: Reasons Why Students Shouldn't Do choresIntroductionIt has been a long-standing debate whether students should be responsible for household chores or not. Some people believe that students should help with household tasks as a way to learn responsibility and life skills. However, I strongly believe that students should not be burdened with household chores. In this essay, I will list several reasons to support my argument.Firstly, students already have a lot on their plates with schoolwork and extracurricular activities. With the increasing pressure to excel academically and get into a good college, students are already under a tremendous amount of stress. Adding household chores to their list of responsibilities only adds to their burden and can have a negative impact on their mental health.Secondly, students need time to relax and unwind after a long day at school. Just like adults, students also need time to recharge and take care of their mental well-being. If students are forced to do household chores after school, they are robbed ofthe opportunity to relax and engage in activities that are important for their overall well-being.Furthermore, students need time to focus on their hobbies and interests. Many students are involved in sports, music, art, and other extracurricular activities that are important for their personal growth and development. If students are spending their evenings doing chores, they may not have enough time to pursue their interests and talents.Additionally, doing household chores can take away valuable time that students could be spending with their families. Family time is crucial for building strong relationships and creating lasting memories. If students are busy doing chores, they may miss out on quality time with their loved ones.In conclusion, I believe that students should not be burdened with household chores. They already have enough on their plates with schoolwork, extracurricular activities, and personal interests. By allowing students to focus on their academics, hobbies, and spending time with their families, we can help them lead a more balanced and fulfilling life.。
英语作文大学生是否应该功利主义
英语作文大学生是否应该功利主义The eagle soars in the blue sky and abandons the seaI remember the writer Chang'an once said in August: "The more utilitarian you are, the more mysterious the world will be to you." Utilitarianism, in my opinion, means having a purpose and rushing for quick success. Abandoning utilitarianism is easier said than done, but luckily I always meet people who advise me not to rush for quick success.When I was in elementary school, Teacher Wu taught me Chinese. She is in her early twenties and is kind. She usually gets along with her classmates. Chinese is also my favorite subject. A Chinese test, relatively speaking, the paper is relatively simple, but I only scored 91 points. There is a question that is very controversial. Although it is only worth one point, I hope to get that point. So after class I pestered the teacher, hoping to get this point. Teacher Wu seriously helped me analyze this question. I stood by the side anxiously, thinking about my own wishful thinking, how would I tell the teacher? As soon as the teacher finished speaking, I opened mymouth and said, "Teacher, what I mean is generally right, can you count me correct?" Teacher Wu was stunned. She thought I didn't understand this question, but she didn't expect me to be running for extra points. He came with a smile and said, "Forget it, it's only one point. Moreover, the important thing in every exam is not the score, but what you gain. Okay, go back to your seat!" I reluctantly returned to my seat. still did not give up his little thoughts.Throughout the exercise time, I followed the teacher relentlessly, using my three-inch tongue. At first, the teacher was patient, but it didn't take long for him to become a little irritable. Looking back now, I really cared too much about grades at that time. What I still remember is what the teacher said at the time: "If this paper is a final exam, the grades are a foregone conclusion, and you can't change it, but the end of the term is not the end, there is no need to be so serious, so eager for success."Now that I think about it, the teacher's words are really meaningful, but unfortunately I didn't understand them at the time, and I don't know much about them now. The same is true for Teacher Zhang in junior high school. Although the results of the firstmidterm exam were good, the composition was deducted by three points, which was a big blow to me. After the test, I asked the teacher to analyze the test paper. The teacher looked at the composition carefully and analyzed: "This composition will be deducted at most one or two points. It may be that the card reader can't scan clearly, or the teacher is not in a good mood. It doesn't matter, just do it well next time. This is already very good." I muttered a few words, indignant. Although the teacher only said "as long as you have strength", I suddenly remembered Teacher Wu's words, like something was suddenly discarded, and I felt light.Until now, every time I take an exam, I don't write with a purpose, I just think it's just a test. Losing the desire for quick success, I don't think I'll pick it up again.。
上海市新农学校高二英语期末试卷含解析
上海市新农学校高二英语期末试卷含解析一、选择题1. Determined to be yourself, move forward, and free of shame, you will surely succeed_______ you once failed.A. whereB. untilC. unlessD. when参考答案：A【详解】考查状语从句连词。
句意：下定决心做你自己，勇往直前，不羞愧，你一定会成功的。
根据句意可知，空处填从属连词引导地点状语从句，where在此处译成“……的地方”，符合句意，故选A项。
44. environmental distruction, Saleem making profits.A. In spite of, was obsessed ofB. Regardless of, was obsessed withC. Despite of, had an obsession withD. For all, had an obsession of参考答案：B略3. Those who are _____ for small gains can never make great achievements.A. eagerB. greedyC. generousD. curious参考答案：B略4. It can’t be a(n) _______that four jewelry stores were robbed in one night. A．coincidence B．accidentC．incident D．chance参考答案：B词义辨析。
A.巧合；一致 B. 事故；意外 C.事件；事变 D. 机会。
句意：四家珠宝商店在一夜之间被抢劫不会是一起事故。
含有意外的意思，故选B。
5. When we got to the railway station，the express hadn't started yet，so we _______．A．needn't hurry B．didn't need hurryC．needn't to hurry D．needn't have hurried参考答案：D考查情态动词+have done结构。
牛津高一unit1reading教案
牛津高一unit 1 reading教案Period 2 ReadingThe General Idea of This Period:This period is about the reading of the passage School Life in the UK. It will help you to learn more about school life in the UK and the differences between that in the UK and in China. Meanwhile you can learn some reading strategies such as skimming and scanning.Teaching Aims:Train the students’ reading ability.Learn some useful words and expressions.Learn more about school life in the UK and the differences between school life in the UK and in ChinaTeaching Important Points:Help the students to understand the passage better.Learn and master some important words and phrases in this period.Teaching Difficult Point:How to help the students improve their reading ability and understand the passage better.How to master the important language points in this passage.Teaching Methods:Fast reading to get the general idea of the text.Careful reading to understand the passage better.Discussion to help the students understand what they’ve learned better.Explanation to help the students master some language points.Teaching Aids:A tape recorder.A multimedia.Teaching Procedures:Step 1 Greetings1. Greet the whole class as usual.2. Check their home work if anyStep 2 ReadingT: Last time we learned about some differences between Chinese and British school life. Today we are going to read a passage by Wei Hua, who once studied in the UK. She will give us some detailed information about the school life in the UK.T: This is the first time to read a passage, so first let’s share some reading strategies:Reading strategies: skimming and scanningWe skim a text when we want to get a general idea of what it is about. We look at the titles and headlines, the first and last sentences of paragraphs and the first and last paragraphs as well as pictures and charts to guess what the text is about.When we want to find certain information in a text quickly, we scan the text for key words and phrases dates, numbers, etc. We do not need to read the whole text word by word.T: Now let’s skim the text quickly and answer these questions. Hand up when you get the answers.(T show the questions on the screen.)1. How long did Wei Hua stay in Britain?2. What was the name of Wei Hua’s class teacher?3.What did Wei Hua make in her woodwork class?Suggested answers:1. For one year.2. Mr Heywood.3. A small table.T: Now let’s read the passage again carefully to check the answers. Underline new words in the text. Meanwhile, some more questions are waiting for you.(First go through the questions so that they know what to find out. Give them a chance to discuss with their partners if they want)1. What time do British Schools usually begin?2. What time do they usually end?3. On average, how many students are there in a class in the UK?4. Why did Wei Hua find her homework difficult at the beginning of her study in the UK?5. On Tuesdays, what did Wei Hua do in evening?6. What do British students usually eat after their main meal?7. Which British city did Wei Hua go to?(Write down the new words the students have just listed.)(T may begin with the T/F questions orally and this is also a good time to test their listening abilities as well as their comprehension of the text.)T: First some true or false questions. If it is false, please try to correct it.1. Wei Hua likes the school hours in the UK.2. Chinese schools encourage students to work hard.3. Wei Hua ‘s favorite teacher w as Miss Burke.4. British students have fixed classroom and classmates.5. British students can only study two languages: English and French.6. British students eat a lot of fruit.7. Wei Hua enjoyed playing football.Suggested answers:1. 9 a.m2. 3:39 p.m3. About 294. Because all the homework was in English.5. She had an extra French class on Tuesday evening.6. Desserts.7. Manchester. ( You may refer to football ot the football team there. )( You may have some links on the screen when you want to explain those useful expressions , or just explain those on the Bb listed by the students . )Language points :1. experiencen. [ U] He is an old teacher with much experience.c.f. He is an experienced teacher.n. [C] My grandfather likes to tell us about his wonderful experiences in the war time.v. During the war time , my grandfather experienced a hard time .2. as : since : becauseI could get up an hour later than usual as schools in China begin before 8 a. m .I felt lucky as all my teachers were very helpful .My English improved a lot as I used English every day .Cooking was really fun as I learned how to buy , prepare and cook food .3 sound link-v.The music sounds so pleasant .That sounds a good idea .I hope I don’t sound as if I’m criticizing you .It sounded like a train going under my house .4. averagen. The average of 4, 5 and 9 is 6.These marks are well above / below average .On (the ) average.We fail one student per year on average .Adj. The average age of the students is 16 in our class .Rainfall is about average for the time of year .v. This car averages 40 miles to the gallon .Meals average out at $ 10 per head .5. attend : go to6. earn : get something because you have done something good.7. challenging : difficult in an interesting way that tests your ability8. extra : more than usual9. prepare : make something ready10. drop : give up11. desserts : sweet food eaten at the end of a meal .12. Present attributive clauses and illustrate them to the students:I sat next to a girl whose name was Diane .Step 3 Listening and ConsolidationT:Now Let’s listen to the tape. You may follow it while listening,and please pay attention to your pronunciation.(The teacher plays the tape for the students to listen. After that the teacher gives the students a few minutes to read aloud the passage.Meanwhile,the teacher asks the students to try to remember some details.)T:Please turn to Page 5.Let’s do Exercise E. Complete the letter to Wei Hua using the words below.Suggested answers:1. experiences2. literature3. desserts4. headmaster5. different6. life7. preparingStep 4 DiscussionT:Now you’ve known much about Wei Hua’s school life in the UK.From the text we know that they have a variety of subjects to choose from.You may be quite puzzled whether it is necessary for senior students to learn some of them,such as so many languages and woodwork. Here let’s have a discussion:Should students learn more languages? Why or why not?What subjects would you like to take if you could choose? Why?T:Use the conwersation below as an example:A:What subjects do you like best and least?B:I really enjoy Woodwork and Art classes,because I like making things,but I ‘m not very good at History.A:I like English and Chinese best.Do you think we should learn more foreign languages?Perhaps we should learn….Step5 Summary and HomeworkT:Today we’ve learned a text about Wei Hua’s experience in the UK.First we learned some reading strategies:skimming and scanning. Master these and put them into use in future whilereading. Through reading we know there are many differences both in the timetable and in the curriculum.Read the passage after class and get familiar with these language points.Have a further discussion with your partners about the topic in Part F.向你推荐的相关文章相关文章列表微信扫码分享热搜文章•1•2•3•4•5•6•7•8•9•10~。
《为什么学生不喜欢上学》的读后感大全
《为什么学生不喜欢上学》的读后感大全《为什么学生不偏爱上学?》是一本由(美) 威廉厄姆(Willingham.D.T.) . 著著作，江苏教育出版社出版的平装图书，本书定价：26.00元，页数：168，特精心从网络上整理的一些读者的读后感，希望对大家能有帮助。
《为什么学生不喜欢上学?》精选点评：●觉得这本书的核心要观点就是你必须通过练习（阅读等）扩大工作记忆空间。
●我们通过大脑反思，但我们的想法很多时候却是大脑想要的。
在进化过程中，大脑发展出了一套弃卒保车的策略：在人体受到威胁之时，大脑是首要保护的。
这种中原理贯穿了生命体所有行为中，我们四处都可以看到自己大脑的这种。
●这类书里最薄的一本了，很好读，倒没有振聋发聩，只能说将这类知识剪裁不错。
同比下《人是如何学习的》这样的同类真是无敌厚啊，怪不得评分几乎差2分。
复刷来标记，比第一遍更精彩，因为自己总拖延孩子的背景知识教育例如绘本类，二刷产生让我产生浓浓的信任感！●有理有据，简洁明了，论点清晰是人类学和学习方法类社科书的典范之作●好读，新颖而深刻●Why Don't Students Like School 的中文版，翻译还不错。
作者Willingham，写作严谨的认知心理学家，美国教育家专栏作者，告诉你认知心理学与学习、教育工作相关的研究进展。
作者给American Educator记下的认知心理学专栏：/newspubs/periodicals/ae/authors5.cfm 我上写的书评在这里：http://www.douba/note/267359148/ 或者这里：http://www.yangzhi●第一章讲述人类不是大脑本来就不喜欢思考，只是好奇；要思考的话，也得是在特定条件下会——必要难度下思考问题才有成就感；第二章表达局限性了背景知识的重要性，没有背景知识，也很难开始思考，并且背景知识比批判性思维主要重要；第三章表达了，一个好的故事，能够更好的令学生理解细节并记忆实实在在学习。
英语作文才能不去做一个好学生
Why You Shouldn't Try to Be a Good StudentIn the academic world, being a "good student" is often revered and admired. However, there are several reasons why you might not want to strive to be one. Here are a few reasons why being a good student might not be for everyone.Loss of Individuality: Good students are often expected to follow a certain mold. They are encouraged to study hard, get good grades, and participate in extracurricular activities. This can lead to a loss of individuality and creativity as students are pressured to conform to these expectations.Stress and Anxiety: The pressure to be a good student can be immense. Constantly worrying about grades, tests, and assignments can lead to stress and anxiety. This can have a negative impact on a student's mental health and overall well-being.Lack of Free Time: Good students often spend a significant amount of time studying and participating in extracurricular activities. This leaves little time for hobbies, relaxation, or socializing with friends. A lack of free time can lead to burnout and a lack of interest in school.Social Isolation: Good students may find themselves isolated from their peers. They may be seen as "nerds" or "geeks" and be excluded from social groups. This social isolation can lead to feelings of loneliness and exclusion.Focus on Grades Over Learning: In some cases, being a good student becomes synonymous with getting good grades. This can lead to a focus on grades rather than actual learning. Students may prioritize cramming for tests over understanding concepts deeply.In conclusion, while being a good student may seem like a desirable goal, it's important to remember that everyone has different strengths, interests, and needs. Not everyone is cut out to be a good student, and that's okay. It's essential to prioritize your own happiness and well-being over external labels like "good student".在学术领域，成为“好学生”通常受到尊敬和钦佩。
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Willingham D. T. (2009). Why don’t students like school? San Francisco: Jossey-Bass
Acknowledgments.
The Author.
Introduction.
CHAPTER 1 Why Don't Students Like School?
CHAPTER 2 How Can I Teach Students the Skills They Need When Standardized Tests Require Only Facts?
CHAPTER 3 Why Do Students Remember Everything That's on Television and Forget Everything I Say?
CHAPTER 4 Why Is It So Hard for Students to Understand Abstract Ideas? CHAPTER 5 Is Drilling Worth It?
CHAPTER 6 What's the Secret to Getting Students to Think Like Real Scientists, Mathematicians, and Historians?
CHAPTER 7 How Should I Adjust My Teaching for Different Types of Learners? CHAPTER 8 How Can I Help Slow Learners?
CHAPTER 9 What About My Mind?
Conclusion.
Notes.
Index.
按：短短9章的篇幅，Willingham教授根据认知心理学上的研究深入浅出对于“学生为什么不喜欢上学”这个问题做出了清晰明了的回答并向教师们提出了在教学过程中应当牢记的九个认知原则。
其最为根本的原理其实就在于工作记忆和长久记忆的转化当中。
Willingham根据自己多年对于认知心理学研究结果的理解为我们教师提供了一些可靠的建议，值得一读。
虽然，我依然怀疑这些原则是否已成定论，并且对于中国教育语境下是否适用也需要实践证明，毕竟这本书的读者更多是美国教师。
尽管如此，我还是觉得本书中很多研究成果非常值得一读。
反观我们的高等教育教学，倘若大学教授都对这些原则有所了解，他们的课堂也就再也不需要点名了吧！
Nine principles of the mind:
Cognitive principle 1:
People are naturally curious, but they are not naturally good thinkers.
人天生好奇，却不善于思考。
- What is just beyond my students know and can do?
哪些教学内容是超出我的学生知识与能力之外？
- Think of to-be-learned material as answers, and take the time necessary to explain to students the questions
Cognitive principle 2:
Factual knowledge precedes skill.
技能之前掌握知识。
- What do my students know?
我的学生知道什么？
- It is not possible to think well on a topic in the absence of factual knowledge about the topic.
Cognitive principle 3:
Memory is the residue of thoughts.
思考的剩余是记忆。
- What will students think during this lesson? 我的学生在这节课思考了什么？
- The best barometer for every lesson plan is “Of what will it make the students think?”
Cognitive principle 4:
We understand new thing in the context of things we already know.
我们理解新事物，在熟悉的情境下。
- What do students already know that will be a toehold on understanding this new material?
我的学生已经知道的哪些东西将帮助他们理解新知识。
- Always make deep knowledge your goal, spoken and unspoken, but recognize that shallow knowledge will come first.
Cognitive principle 5:
Proficiency requires practice.
练习成就水平。
- How can I get students to practice without boredom?
我如何让学生开心地做练习？
- Think carefully about which material students need at their fingertips, and practice it over time.
Cognitive principle 6:
Cognition is fundamentally different early and late training.
在训练过程中，早期和晚期的认知完全不同。
- What is the difference between my students and an expert?
我的学生达到专家的程度之前应该做些什么？
- Strive for deep understanding in your students, not the creation of new knowledge.
Cognitive principle 7:
Children are more alike than different in terms of learning.
孩子们在学习上大同小异。
- Knowledge of s tudents’ learning styles is not necessary.
没有必要在乎学生们不同的学习风格。
- Think of lesson content, not students differences, driving decisions about how to teach.
Cognitive principle 8:
Intelligence can be changed through sustained hard work.
不断努力可以提高智力。
- What do my students believe about intelligence?
我的学生如何看待智力？
- Always talk about successes and failures in terms of effort, not ability.
Cognitive principle 9:
Teaching, like any complex cognitive skill, must be practiced to be improved.
和任何复杂的认知技能一样，教学必须在练习中得到提高。
- What aspects of my teaching work well for my students, and what parts need improvement?
在我教学中，哪些方面适用于我的学生，哪些方面需要改进？
- Improvement requires more than experience; it also requires conscious effort and feedback.。