1988 DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL CONVENTION KEYNOTE ADDRESS

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名人演讲:DemocraticNationalConventionAddress

名人演讲:DemocraticNationalConventionAddress

名人演讲:Democratic National ConventionAddress演讲者简介:小杰西·路易斯·杰克逊(Jesse Louis Jackson, Jr.,1965年3月11日-),美国政治家、民权领袖,美国民主党成员,现任美国众议院议员(1995年至今)。

小杰西是美国著名民权领袖杰西·杰克逊之子。

Thank you very much.Tonight we come together bound by our faith in a mighty God, with genuine respect and love for our country, and inheriting the legacy of a great Party, the Democratic Party, which is the best hope for redirecting our nation on a more humane, just, and peaceful course.This is not a perfect party. We are not a perfect people. Yet, we are called to a perfect mission. Our mission: to feed the hungry; to clothe the naked; to house the homeless; to teach the illiterate; to provide jobs for the jobless; and to choose the human race over the nuclear race.We are gathered here this week to nominate a candidate and adopt a platform which will expand, unify, direct, and inspire our Party and the nation to fulfill this mission. My constituency is the desperate, the damned, the disinherited, thedisrespected, and the despised. They are restless and seek relief. They have voted in record numbers. They have invested the faith, hope, and trust that they have in us. The Democratic Party must send them a signal that we care. I pledge my best not to let them down.There is the call of conscience, redemption, expansion, healing, and unity. Leadership must heed the call of conscience, redemption, expansion, healing, and unity, for they are the keyto achieving our mission. Time is neutral and does not change things. With courage and initiative, leaders change things.No generation can choose the age or circumstance in which it is born, but through leadership it can choose to make the agein which it is born an age of enlightenment, an age of jobs, and peace, and justice. Only leadership -- that intangible combination of gifts, the discipline, information, circumstance, courage, timing, will and divine inspiration -- can lead us out of the crisis in which we find ourselves. Leadership can mitigate the misery of our nation. Leadership can part the waters and lead our nation in the direction of the Promised Land. Leadership can lift the boats stuck at the bottom.I have had the rare opportunity to watch seven men, and then two, pour out their souls, offer their service, and heal andheed the call of duty to direct the course of our nation. There is a proper season for everything. There is a time to sow and a timeto reap. There’s a time to compete and a time to cooperate.I ask for your vote on the first ballot as a vote for a new direction for this Party and this nation -- a vote of conviction, avote of conscience. But I will be proud to support the nomineeof this convention for the Presidency of the United States of America. Thank you.I have watched the leadership of our party develop and grow. My respect for both Mr. Mondale and Mr. Hart is great. Ihave watched them struggle with the crosswinds and crossfiresof being public servants, and I believe they will both continue totry to serve us faithfully.I am elated by the knowledge that for the first time in our history a woman, Geraldine Ferraro, will be recommended to share our ticket.Throughout this campaign, I’ve tried to offer leadership to the Democratic Party and the nation. If, in my high moments, Ihave done some good, offered some service, shed some light, healed some wounds, rekindled some hope, or stirred someone from apathy and indifference, or in any way along the way helped somebody, then this campaign has not been in vain.。

1966年国际载重线公约1988年议定书附件B修正案(英文版)

1966年国际载重线公约1988年议定书附件B修正案(英文版)

1966年国际载重线公约 1988年议定书附件B修正案(英文版)THE PROTOCOL OF 1988 RELATING TO THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ONLOAD LINES, 1966 AND INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON LOAD LINES, 1966 REVISEDBY THE PROTOCOL OF 1988Whole documentTABLE OF CONTENTSTHE PROTOCOL OF 1988 RELATING TO THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON LOADLINES, 1966INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON LOAD LINES, 1966 REVISED BY THE PROTOCOL OF1988ANNEX I REGULATIONS FOR DETERMINING LOAD LINESCHAPTER I GENERALCHAPTER II CONDITIONS OF ASSIGNMENT OFFREEBOARDCHAPTER III FREEBOARDSCHAPTER IV SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR SHIPSASSIGNED TIMBER FREEBOARDSANNEX II ZONES, AREAS AND SEASONAL PERIODSANNEX III CERTIFICATESINTERNATIONAL LOAD LINE CERTIFICATEINTERNATIONAL LOAD LINE EXEMPTION CERTIFICATETHE PROTOCOL OF 1988 RELATING TO THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON LOAD LINE1966as adopted by the Conference on 11 November 1988THE PARTIES TO THE PRESENT PROTOCOL,BEING PARTIES to the International Convention on Load Lines, 1966, done at London on 5 April 1966,RECOGNIZING the significant contribution which is made by the above-mentioned Convention to the promotion of the safety of ships and property at sea and the lives of persons on board,RECOGNIZING ALSO the need to improve further the technical provisions of the above-mentioned Convention,RECOGNIZING FURTHER the need for the introduction into the above-mentioned Convention of provisions for survey and certification harmonized with corresponding provisions in other international instruments,CONSIDERING that these needs may best be met by the conclusion of a Protocol relating to the International Convention on Load Lines, 1966, HAVE AGREED as follows:ARTICLE I General obligations1 The Parties to the present Protocol undertake to give effect to the provisions of the present Protocol and the Annexes hereto, which shall constitute an integral part of the present Protocol. Everyreference to the present Protocol constitutes at the same time a reference to the Annexes hereto.2 As between the Parties to the present Protocol, the provisions of the International Convention on Load Lines, 1966 (hereinafter referredto as "the Convention"), except article 29, shall apply subject to the modifications and additions set out in the present Protocol.3 With respect to ships entitled to fly the flag of a State which is not a Party to the Convention and the present Protocol, the Parties to the present Protocol shall apply the requirements of the Convention and the present Protocol as may be necessary to ensure that no more favourable treatment is given to such ships.ARTICLE II Existing certificates1 Notwithstanding any other provisions of the present Protocol, any International Load Line Certificate which is current when the present Protocol enters into force in respect of the Government of the State whose flag the ship is entitled to fly shall remain valid until it expires.2 A Party to the present Protocol shall not issue certificates under, and in accordance with, the provisions of the International Conventionon Load Lines, 1966, as adopted on 5 April 1966.ARTICLE III Communication of informationThe Parties to the present Protocol undertake to communicate to, and deposit with, the Secretary-General of the International Maritime Organization (hereinafter referred to as "the Organization"):(a) the text of laws, decrees, orders and regulations and other instruments which have been promulgated on the various matters withinthe scope of the present Protocol;(b) a list of nominated surveyors or recognized organizations which are authorized to act on their behalf in the administration of load line matters for circulation to the Parties for information of their officers, and a notification of the specific responsibilities and conditions ofthe authority delegated to those nominated surveyors or recognized organizations; and(c) a sufficient number of specimens of their certificates issuedunder the provisions of the present Protocol.ARTICLE IV Signature, ratification, acceptance, approval and ac-cession1 The present Protocol shall be open for signature at the Headquarters of the Organization from 1 March 1989 to 28 February 1990 and shall thereafter remain open for accession. Subject to theprovisions of paragraph 3, States may express their consent to be bound by the present Protocol by:(a) signature without reservation as to ratification, acceptance or approval; or(b) signature subject to ratification, acceptance or approval, followed by ratification, acceptance or approval; or(c) accession.2 Ratification, acceptance, approval or accession shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument to that effect with the Secretary-General of the Organization.3 The present Protocol may be signed without reservation, ratified, accepted, approved or acceded to only by States which have signed without reservation, accepted or acceded to the Convention.ARTICLE V Entry into force1 The present Protocol shall enter into force twelve months afterthe date on which both the following conditions have been met:(a) not less than fifteen States, the combined merchant fleets of which constitute not less than fifty per cent of the gross tonnage of the world's merchant shipping, have expressed their consent to be bound by it in accordance with article IV, and(b) the conditions for the entry into force of the Protocol of 1988 relating to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 have been met, provided that the present Protocol shall not enter into force before 1 February 1992.2 For States which have deposited an instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession in respect of the present Protocol after the conditions for entry into force thereof have been met butprior to the date of entry into force, the ratification, acceptance, approval or accession shall take effect on the date of entry into force of the present Protocol or three months after the date of deposit of the instrument, whichever is the later date.3 Any instrument of ratification, acce4 After the date on which an amendment to the present Protocol or an amendment, as between the Parties to the present Protocol, to the Convention is deemed to have been accepted under article VI, any instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession deposited shall apply to the present Protocol or the Convention as amended.ARTICLE VI Amendments1 The present Protocol and, as between the Parties to the present Protocol, the Convention may be amended by either of the procedures specified in the following paragraphs.2 Amendment after consideration within the Organization:(a) Any amendment proposed by a Party to the present Protocol shall be submitted to the Secretary-General of the Organization, who shall then circulate it to all Members of the Organization and all Contracting Governments to the Convention at least six months prior to its consideration.(b) Any amendment proposed and circulated as above shall be referred to the Maritime Safety Committee of the Organization for consideration.(c) States which are Parties to the present Protocol, whether or not Members of the Organization, shall be entitled to participate in the proceedings of the Maritime Safety Committee for the consideration and adoption of amendments.(d) Amendments shall be adopted by a two-thirds majority of the Parties to the present Protocol present and voting in the MaritimeSafety Committee expanded as provided for in subparagraph (c) (hereinafter referred to as "the expanded Maritime Safety Committee") on condition that at least one third of the Parties shall be present at the time of voting.(e) Amendments adopted in accordance with subparagraph (d) shall be communicated by the Secretary-General of the Organization to all Parties to the present Protocol for acceptance.(f) (i) An amendment to an article or Annex A to the presentProtocol or an amendment, as between Parties to the present Protocol, to an article of the Convention, shall be deemed to have been accepted on the date on which it is accepted any two thirds of the Parties to the present Protocol.(ii) An amendment to Annex B to the present Protocol or an amendment, as between Parties to the present Protocol, to an Annex to the Convention, shall be deemed to have been accepted:(aa) at the end of two years from the date on which it is communicated to Parties to the present Protocol for acceptance; or (bb) at the end of a different period, which shall not be less than one year, if so determined at the time of its adoption by a two-thirds majority of the Parties present and voting in the expanded Maritime Safety Committee. However, if within the specified period either more than one third of the Parties, or Parties the combined merchant fleetsof which constitute not less than fifty per cent of the gross tonnage ofall the merchant fleets of all Parties, notify the Secretary-General of the Organization that they object to the amendment,it shall be deemed not to have been accepted.(g) (i) An amendment referred to in subparagraph (f) (i) shall enter into force with respect to those Parties to the present Protocol which have accepted it, six months after the date on which it is deemed to have been accepted, and with respect to each Party which accepts itafter that date, six months after the date of that Party's acceptance.(ii) An amendment referred to in subparagraph (f) (ii) shall enter into force with respect to all Parties to the present Protocol, except those which have objected to the amendment under that subparagraph and which have not withdrawn such objections, six months after the date on which it is deemed to have been accepted. However, before the date set for entry into force, any Party may give notice to the Secretary-General of the Organization that it exempts itself from giving effect to that amendment for a period not longer than one year from the date of its entry into force, or for such longer period as may be determined by a two-thirds majority of the Parties present and voting in the expanded Maritime Safety Committee at the time of the adoption of the amendment.3 Amendment by a Conference:(a) Upon the request of a Party to the present Protocol concurred in by at least one third of the Parties, the Organization shall convene a Conference of Parties to consider amendments to the present Protocol and the Convention.(b) Every amendment adopted by such a Conference by a two-thirds majority of the Parties present and voting shall be communicated by the Secretary-General of the Organization to all Parties for acceptance.(c) Unless the Conference decides otherwise, the amendment shall be deemed to have been accepted and shall enter into force in accordance with the procedures specified in subparagraphs 2 (f) and 2 (g) respectively, provided that references in these paragraphs to the expanded Maritime Safety Committee shall be taken to mean references to the Conference.4 (a) A Party to present Protocol which has accepted an amendment referred to in subparagraph 2(f) (ii) which has entered into force shall not be obliged to extend the benefit of the present Protocol in respect of the certificates issued to a ship entitled to fly the flag of a State Party which, pursuant to the provisions of that subparagraph, has objected to the amendment and has not withdrawn such an objection, in so far as such certificates relate to matters covered by the amendment in question.(b) A Party to the present Protocol which has accepted an amendment referred to in subparagraph 2 (f) (ii) which has entered into forceshall extend the benefit of the present Protocol in respect of the certificates issued to a ship entitled to fly the flag of a Stage Party which, pursuant to the provisions of subparagraph 2 (g) (ii), has notifiedthe Secretary-General of the Organization that it exempts itselffrom giving effect to the amendment.5 Unless expressly provided otherwise, any amendment made under this article which relates to the structure of a ship shall apply only to ships the keels of which are laid or which are at a similar stage of construction on or after the date on which the amendment enters into force.6 Any declaration of acceptance of, or objection to, an amendment or any notice given under subparagraph 2 (g) (ii) shall be submitted in writing to the Secretary-General of the Organization, who shall inform all Parties to the present Protocol of any such submission and the date of its receipt.7 The Secretary-General of the Organization shall inform all Parties to the present Protocol of any amendments which enter into force under this article, together with the date on which each such amendment enters into force.ARTICLE VII Denunciation1 The present Protocol may be denounced by any Party at any timeafter the expiry of five years from the date on which the present Protocol enters into force for that Party.2 Denunciation shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument of denunciation with the Secretary-General of the Organization.3 A denunciation shall take effect one year, or such longer periodas may be specified in the instrument of denunciation, after its receipt by the Secretary-General of the Organization.4 A denunciation of the Convention by a Party shall be deemed to bea denunciation of the present Protocol by that Party. Such denunciation shall take effect on the same date as denunciation of the Convention takes effect according to paragraph (3) of article 30 of the Convention.ARTICLE VIII Depositary1 The present Protocol shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the Organization (hereinafter referred to as "the depositary").2 The depositary shall:(a) inform the Governments of all States which have signed thepresent Protocol or acceded thereto of:(i) each new signature or deposit of an instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, together with the date thereof;(ii) the date of entry into force of the present Protocol;(iii) the deposit of any instrument of denunciation of the present Protocol together with the date on which it was received and the date on which the denunciation takes effect;(b) transmit certified true copies of the present Protocol to the Governments of all States which have signed the present Protocol or acceded thereto.3 As soon as the present Protocol enters into force, a certifiedtrue copy thereof shall be transmitted by the depositary to theSecretariat of the United Nations for registration and publication in accordance with Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations.ARTICLE IX LanguagesThe present Protocol is established in a single original in the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish languages, each text being equally authentic.DONE AT LONDON this eleventh day of November one thousand nine hundred and eighty eight.IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned *, being duly authorized by their respective Governments for that purpose, have signed the present Protocol.[* *(c) omitted.]INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON LOAD LINES, 1966 REVISED BY THE PROTOCOL OF1988The Contracting Governments,DESIRING to establish uniform principles and rules with respect to the limits to which ships on international voyages may be loaded having regard to the need for safeguarding life and property at sea;CONSIDERING that this end may best be achieved by conclusion of a Convention;HAVE AGREED as follows:Article 1 General Obligation under the Convention(1) The Contracting Governments undertake to give effect to the provisions of the present Convention and the Annexes hereto, which shall constitute an integral part of the present Convention. Every reference to the present Convention constitutes at the same time a reference to the Annexes.(2) The Contracting Governments shall undertake all measures which may be necessary to give effect to the present Convention.Article 2 DefinitionsFor the purpose of the present Convention, unless expressly provided otherwise:(1) "Regulations" means the Regulations annexed to the Present Convention.(2) "Administration" means the Government of the State whose flagthe ship is flying.(3) "Approved" means approved by the Administration.(4) "International voyage" means a sea voyage from a country towhich the present Convention applies to a port outside such country, or conversely. For this purpose, every territory for the international relations of which a Contracting Government is responsible or for which the United Nations are the administering authority is regarded as a separate country.(5) A "fishing vessel" is a ship used for catching fish, whales, seals, walrus or other living resources of the sea.(6) "New ship" means a ship the keel of which is laid, or which isat a similar stage of construction, on or after the date of coming into force of the present Convention for each Contracting Government.(7) "Existing ship" means a ship which is not a new ship.(8) "Length" means 96 per cent of the total length on a waterline at 85 per cent of the least moulded depth measured from the top of the keel, or the length from the fore side of the stem to the axis of the rudder stock on that waterline, if that be greater. Where the stem contour is concave above the waterline at 85% of the least moulded depth, both the forward terminal of the total length and the fore-side of the stem respectively shall be taken at the vertical projection to that waterline of the aftermost point of the stem contour (above that waterline). In ships designed with a rake of keel the waterline on which this length is measured shall be paralleled to the designed waterline.(9) "Anniversary date" means the day and the month of each yearwhich will correspond to the date of expiry of the relevant certificate.Article 3 General Provisions(1) No ship to which the present Convention applies shall proceed to sea on an international voyage after the date on which the present Convention comes into force unless it has been surveyed, marked and provided with an International Load Line Certificate or, where appropriate, an International Load Line Exemption Certificate in accordance with the provisions of the present Convention.(2) Nothing in this Convention shall prevent an Administration from assigning a greater freeboard than the minimum freeboard determined in accordance with Annex I.Article 4 Application(1) The present Convention shall apply to:(a) ships registered in countries the Governments of which are Contracting Governments;(b) ships registered in territories to which the present Convention is extended under Article 32; and(c) unregistered ships flying the flag of a State, the Governmentof which is a Contracting Government.(2) The present Convention shall apply to ships engaged on international voyages.(3) The Regulations contained in Annex I, unless expressly provided otherwise, are applicable to new ships.(4) Existing ships which do not fully comply with the requirements of the Regulations contained in Annex I or any part thereof shall meet at least such lesser related requirements as the Administration applied to ships on international voyages prior to the coming into force of the present Convention; in no case shall such ships be required to increase their freeboards. In order to take advantage of any reduction in freeboard from that previously assigned, existing ships shall comply with all the requirements of the present Convention.(5) The Regulations contained in Annex II are applicable to new and existing ships to which the present Convention applies.Article 5 Exceptions(1) The present Convention shall not apply to:(a) ships of war;(b) new ships of less than 24 metres in length;(c) existing ships of less than 150 tons gross;(d) pleasure yachts not engaged in trade;(e) fishing vessels.(2) Nothing herein shall apply to ships solely navigating:(a) the Great Lakes of North America and the River St. Lawrence asfar east as a rhumb line drawn from Cap des Rosiers to West Point, Anticosti Island, and, on the north side of Anticosti Island, the meridian of longitude 63?W;(b) the Caspian Sea;(c) the Plate, Parana and Uruguay Rivers as far east as a rhumb line drawn between Punta Rasa (Cabo San Antonio), Argentina, and Punta del Este, Uruguay.Article 6 Exemptions(1) Ships when engaged on international voyages between the near neighbouring ports of two or more States may be exempted by the Administration from the provisions of the present Convention, so long as they shall remain engaged on such voyages, if the Governments of the States in which such ports are situated shall be satisfied that thesheltered nature or conditions of such voyages between such ports make it unreasonable or impracticable to apply the provisions of the present Convention to ships engaged on such voyages.(2) The Administration may exempt any ship which embodies featuresof a novel kind from any of the provisions of this Convention the applicationof which might seriously impede research into the development of such features and their incorporation in ships engaged on international voyages. Any such ship shall, however, comply with safety requirements, which, in the opinion of that Administration, are adequate for the service for which it is intended and are such as to ensure the overall safety of the ship and which are acceptable to the Governments of the States to be visited by the ship.(3) The Administration which allows any exemption under paragraphs (1) and (2) of this Article shall communicate to the Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization (hereinafter called the Organization) particulars of the same and reasons therefor which the Organizationshall circulate to the Contracting Governments for their information.(4) A ship which is not normally engaged on international voyagesbut which, in exceptional circumstances, is required to undertake a single international voyage may be exempted by the Administration from any of the requirements of the present Convention, provided that it complies with safety requirements which, in the opinion of thatAdministration, are adequate for the voyage which is to be undertaken by the ship.Article 7 Force Majeure(1) A ship which is not subject to the provisions of the present Convention at the time of its departure on any voyage shall not become subject to such provisions on account of any deviation from its intended voyage due to stress of weather or any other cause of force majeure.(2) In applying the provisions of the present Convention, the Contracting Governments shall give due consideration to any deviation or delay caused to any ship owing to stress of weather or any other cause of force majeure.Article 8 Equivalents(1) The Administration may allow any fitting, material, appliance or apparatus to be fitted, or any other provision to be made in a ship, other than that required by the present Convention, if it is satisfied by trial thereof or otherwise that such fitting, material, appliance or apparatus, or provision, is at least as effective as that required by the Convention.(2) The Administration which allows a fitting, material, applianceor apparatus, or provision, other than that required by the present Convention, shall communicate to the Organization for circulation to the Contracting Governments particulars thereof, together with a report on any trials made.Article 9 Approvals for Experimental Purposes(1) Nothing in the present Convention shall prevent anAdministrationfrom making specific approvals for experimental purposes in respect of a ship to which the Convention applies.(2) An Administration which makes any such approval shall communicate to the Organization for circulation to the Contracting Governments particulars thereof.Article 10 Repairs, Alterations and Modifications(1) A ship which undergoes repairs, alterations, modifications and outfitting related thereto shall continue to comply with at least the requirements previously applicable to the ship. An existing ship in such a case shall not, as a rule, comply to a lesser extent with the requirements for a new ship than it did before.(2) Repairs, alterations and modifications of a major character and outfitting related thereto should meet the requirements for a new ship in so far as the Administration deems reasonable and practicable.Article 11 Zones and Areas(1) A ship to which the present Convention applies shall comply with the requirements applicable to that ship in the zones and areas described in Annex II.(2) A port standing on the boundary line between two zones or areas shall be regarded as within the zone or area from or into which the ship arrives or departs.Article 12 Submersion(1) Except as provided in paragraphs (2) and (3) of this Article,the appropriate load lines on the sides of the ship corresponding to the season of the year and the zone or area in which the ship may be shall not be submerged at any time when the ship puts to sea, during the voyage or on arrival.(2) When a ship is in fresh water of unit density the appropriate load line may be submerged by the amount of the fresh water allowance shown on the International Load Line Certificate. Where the density is other than unity, an allowance shall be made proportional to the difference between 1.025 and the actual density.(3) When a ship departs from a port situated on a river or inland waters, deeper loading shall be permitted corresponding to the weight of fuel and all other materials required for consumption between the point of departure and the sea.Article 13 Surveys and MarkingThe surveys and marking of ships, as regards the enforcement of the provisions of the present Convention and the granting of exemptions therefrom, shall be carried out by officers of the Administration. The Administration may, however, entrust the surveys and marking either to surveyors nominated for the purpose or to organizations recognized by it. In every case the Administration concerned fully guarantees the completeness and efficiency of the surveys and marking.Article 14 Initial, renewal and annual surveys(1) A ship shall be subjected to the surveys specified below:(a) An initial survey before the ship is put in service, which shall include a complete inspection of its structure and equipment in so far as the ship is covered by the present Convention. The survey shall be such as to ensure that the arrangements, materials and scantlings fully comply with the requirements of the present Convention.(b) A renewal survey at intervals specified by the Administrationbut not exceeding 5 years, except where paragraphs (2), (5), (6) and (7) of article 19 are applicable, which shall be such as to ensure that the structure, equipment, arrangements, materials and scantlings fully comply with the requirements of the present Convention.(c) An annual survey within 3 months before or after eachanniversary date of the certificate to ensure that:(i) alterations have not been made to the hull or superstructures which would affect the calculations determining the position of the load line;(ii) the fittings and appliances for the protection of openings, guard rails, freeing ports and means of access to crew's quarters are maintained in an effective condition;(iii) the freeboard marks are correctly and permanently indicated;(iv) the information required by regulation 10 is provided.(2) The annual surveys referred to in paragraph (1) (c) of this article shall be endorsed on the International Load Line Certificate or the International Load Line Exemption Certificate issued to a ship exempted under paragraph (2) of article 6 of the present Convention.。

Thesis Statement Handout

Thesis Statement Handout

Thesis StatementWhat is a Thesis Statement?A thesis statement is an argument that clearly states the point of view of the author, and outlines how the author intends to support his or her argument. The thesis statement is usually the last sentence of the first paragraph, and it is usually a single sentence in this paragraph that presents your argument. The body of thepaper then gathers and organizes evidence that supports the thesis statement. The thesis statement is the roadmap of the paper.Another way to describe a thesis statement is to say that it acts like a topic sentence for an entire essay. Just as the topic sentence tells readers what will be discussed in a particular paragraph, the thesis statement alerts readers as to what to expect from the rest of the essay.What is a Thesis Statement Not?A thesis is not a topic; nor is it a fact; nor is it an opinion."Reasons for the fall of communism" is a topic. "Communism collapsed in Eastern Europe" is a fact known by educated people. "The fall of communism is the best thing that ever happened in Europe" is an opinion. (Superlatives like "the best" almost always lead to trouble. It's impossible to weigh every "thing" that ever happened in Europe. And what about the fall of Hitler? Couldn't that be "the best thing"?)Strong Thesis Statement• A strong thesis statement is one which is specific and one which takes a stand.• A strong thesis statement is arguable and justifies discussion.• A strong thesis statement does not express many ideas, but sticks to one particular theory or idea.• A strong thesis statement will have ample evidence to support it.• A strong thesis statement needs to be clear and concise.How to Tell a Strong Thesis Statement from a Weak One.1.A strong thesis statement is specific.A thesis statement should show exactly what your paper will be about, and will help you keep your paper to a manageable topic. For example, if you're writing a paper on hunger, you might say:World hunger has many causes and effects.This is a weak thesis statement for two major reasons. First, world hunger can’t be discussed thoroughly in five to six pages. Second, many causes and effects is vague. You should be able to identify specific causes and effects. A revised thesis might look like this:Hunger persists in Glandelinia because jobs are scarce and farming in the infertile soil is rarely profitable.This is a strong thesis statement because it narrows the subject to a more specific and manageable topic, and it also identifies the specific causes for the existence of hunger.2. A strong thesis statement takes some sort of stand.Remember that your thesis needs to show your conclusions about a subject. For example, if you are writing a paper for a class on fitness, you might be asked to choose a popular weight-loss product to evaluate. Here are two thesis statements:There are some negative and positive aspects to the Banana Herb Tea Supplement.This is a weak thesis statement. First, it fails to take a stand. Second, the phrase negative and positive aspects is vague.Because Banana Herb Tea Supplement promotes rapid weight loss that results in the loss of muscle and lean body mass, it poses a potential danger to customers.This is a strong thesis because it takes a stand, and because it's specific.3.A strong thesis statement justifies discussion.Your thesis should indicate the point of the discussion. If your assignment is to write a paper on kinship systems, using your own family as an example, you might come up with either of these two thesis statements:My family is an extended family.This is a weak thesis because it merely states an observation. Your reader won’t be able to tell the point of the statement, and will probably stop reading.While most American families would view consanguineal marriage as a threat to the nuclear family structure, many Iranian families, like my own, believe that these marriages help reinforce kinship ties in an extended family.This is a strong thesis because it shows how your experience contradicts a widely-accepted view. A good strategy for creating a strong thesis is to show that the topic is controversial. Readers will be interested in reading the rest of the essay to see how you support your point.4.A strong thesis statement expresses one main idea.Readers need to be able to see that your paper has one main point. If your thesis statement expresses more than one idea, then you might confuse your readers about the subject of your paper. For example:Companies need to exploit the marketing potential of the Internet, and Web pages can provide both advertising and customer support.This is a weak thesis statement because the reader can’t decide whether the paper is about marketing on the Internet or Web pages. To revise the thesis, the relationship between the two ideas needs to become clearer. One way to revise the thesis would be to write:Because the Internet is filled with tremendous marketing potential, companies should exploit this potential by using Web pages that offer both advertising and customer support.This is a strong thesis because it shows that the two ideas are related. Hint: a great many clear and engaging thesis statements contain words like because, since, so, although, unless, and however.Steps in Constructing a ThesisFirst, analyze your primary sources. Look for tension, interest, ambiguity, controversy, and/or complication. Does the author contradict himself or herself? Is a point made and later reversed? What are the deeper implications of the author's argument? Figuring out the why to one or more of these questions, or to related questions, will put you on the path to developing a working thesis. (Without the why, you probably have only come up with an observation—that there are, for instance, many different metaphors in such-and-such a poem—which is not a thesis.)Once you have a working thesis, write it down.There is nothing as frustrating as hitting on a great idea for a thesis, then forgetting it when you lose concentration. And by writing down your thesis you will be forced to think of it clearly, logically, and concisely. You probably will not be able to write out a final-draft version of your thesis the first time you try, but you'll get yourself on the right track by writing down what you have.Keep your thesis prominent in your introduction.A good, standard place for your thesis statement is at the end of an introductory paragraph, especially in shorter 5-6 page essays. Readers are used to finding theses there, so they automatically pay more attention when they read the last sentence of your introduction. Although this is not required in all academic essays, it is a good rule of thumb.Anticipate the counter-arguments.Once you have a working thesis, you should think about what might be said against it. This will help you to refine your thesis, and itwill also make you think of the arguments that you'll need to refute later on in your essay. (Every argument has a counter-argument. If yours doesn't, then it's not an argument—it may be a fact, or an opinion, but it is not an argument.)Michael Dukakis lost the 1988 presidential election becausehe failed to campaign vigorously after the DemocraticNational Convention.This statement is on its way to being a thesis. However, it is too easy to imagine possible counter-arguments. For example, a political observer might believe that Dukakis lost because he suffered from a "soft-on-crime" image. If you complicate your thesis by anticipating the counter-argument, you'll strengthen your argument, as shown in the sentence below.While Dukakis' "soft-on-crime" image hurt his chances in the1988 election, his failure to campaign vigorously after theDemocratic National Convention bore a greater responsibilityfor his defeat.Some Caveats and Some ExamplesA thesis is never a question. Readers of academic essays expect to have questions discussed, explored, or even answered. A question ("Why did communism collapse in Eastern Europe?") is not an argument, and without an argument, a thesis is dead in the water.A thesis is never a list."For political, economic, social and cultural reasons, communism collapsed in Eastern Europe" does a good job of telling the reader what to expect in the essay—a section about political reasons, a section about economic reasons, a section about social reasons, and a section about cultural reasons. However, political, economic, social and cultural reasons are pretty much the only possible reasons why communism could collapse. This sentence lacks tension and doesn't advance an argument. Everyone knows that politics, economics, and culture are important.A thesis should never be vague, combative or confrontational.An ineffective thesis would be, "Communism collapsed in Eastern Europe because communism is evil." This is hard to argue (evil from whose perspective? what does evil mean?) and it is likely to mark you as moralistic and judgmental rather than rational and thorough. Italso may spark a defensive reaction from readers sympathetic to communism. Ifreaders strongly disagree with you right off the bat, they may stop reading.An effective thesis has a definable, arguable claim."While cultural forcescontributed to the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe, the disintegration of economies played the key role in driving its decline" is an effective thesis sentence that"telegraphs," so that the reader expects the essay to have a section about culturalforces and another about the disintegration of economies. This thesis makes a definite,arguable claim: that the disintegration of economies played a more important role than cultural forces in defeating communism in Eastern Europe. The reader would react to this statement by thinking, "Perhaps what the author says is true, but I am not convinced. I want to read further to see how the author argues this claim."A thesis should be as clear and specific as possible.Avoid overused, generalterms and abstractions. For example, "Communism collapsed in Eastern Europe because of the ruling elite's inability to address the economic concerns of the people" is more powerful than "Communism collapsed due to societal discontent."A thesis should answer the how and why questions. A thesis is usually more effective and will lead to a better essay if it answers how or why questions, not who, what, when, or where questions, or at least if the answers to the who, what, when, or where question require exploring how or why questions.A thesis never provides its own support. The thesis is the statement that the rest of the essay supports; a thesis never provides its own support. It makes no sense to say a thesis is poor because it is unsupported or lacks evidence; the support or evidence comes elsewhere. A thesis that supported itself would be self-evident — a fact — and could not then have served as the basis for an essay. Of course, an essay may be poor because the author never supports the thesis persuasively, but that is the problem of the essay as a whole, not the thesis itself.A thesis should not be stated in terms of absolutes.Beware of absolutes. The problem with a thesis such as “George Marshall was the greatest Secretary of State in U.S. history” is that you would have to compare him to all the others, or at least all those who are generally admired. This is possible to do, but probably not in an essay assigned to an undergraduate course, which would not be long enough to accomplish that task. The same applies to a thesis such as “King Lear is Shakespeare’s most tragic character.” On the other hand, one can argue an absolute if one sufficiently limits the context: “Of the four most renowned silent film comedians, Buster Keaton was the most innovative film-maker” is an acceptable thesis because one might reasonably compare four film-makers in a college essay.A thesis should not be stated in the first person. Never use the first person in your thesis. Your name is on the essay, so we know who is making the argument.Thus, a thesis that begins with something like “I would argue that” merely wastes time. Besides, you want to make your thesis as strong and convincing as possible; phrasing it as a matter of personal opinion weakens it.A thesis should not be stated in the passive voice. While sometimes useful, the passive voice is generally weaker and sounds less confident than an active voice sentence.Never attribute your thesis to someone else, or to general opinion. A thesis that says “Many people believe” or that some famous scholar or critic believes something is necessarily about “many people” or the famous scholar or critic, not ab out the point being made, or more importantly the point you are trying to make.。

美国历史上100个伟大演讲

美国历史上100个伟大演讲

60.Ronald Reagan Remarks on the 40th Anniversary of D-Day
61.Mario Matthew Cuomo Religious Belief and Public Morality
62.Edward M. Kennedy Address to the People of Massachusetts on Chappaquiddick
44. Mary Church Terrell What It Means to be Colored in Capital of the U.S
45. William Jennings Bryan Imperialism
46. Margaret Sanger The Morality of Birth Control
50. Spiro Theodore Agnew Television News Coverage
51.Jesse Jackson 1988 Democratic National Convention Address
52.Mary Fisher 1992 Republication National Convention Address
01. Dr Martin Luther King Jr I Have A Dream
02. John F. Kennedy Inaugural Address
03. Franklin Delano Roosevelt First Inaugural Address
04. Franklin D. Roosevelt Pearl Harbor Address to the Nation War Message

Democratic National Convention

Democratic National Convention

Democratic National Convention (June 27, 1936)Franklin D. RooseveltSenator Robinson, Members of the Democratic Convention, my friends:Here, and in every community throughout the land, we are met at a time of great moment to the future of the Nation. It is an occasion to be dedicated to the simple and sincere expression of an attitude toward problems, the determination of which will profoundly affect America.I come not only as a leader of a party, not only as a candidate for high office, but as one upon whom many critical hours have imposed and still impose a grave responsibility.For the sympathy, help and confidence with which Americans have sustained me in my task I am grateful. For their loyalty I salute the members of our great party, in and out of political life in every part of the Union. I salute those of other parties, especially those in the Congress of the United States who on so many occasions have put partisanship aside. I thank the Governors of the several States, their Legislatures, their State and local officials who participated unselfishly and regardless of party in our efforts to achieve recovery and destroy abuses. Above all I thank the millions of Americans who have borne disaster bravely and have dared to smile through the storm.America will not forget these recent years, will not forget that the rescue was not a mere party task. It was the concern of all of us. In our strength we rose together, rallied our energies together, applied the old rules of common sense, and together survived.In those days we feared fear. That was why we fought fear. And today, my friends, we have won against the most dangerous of our foes. We have conquered fear.But I cannot, with candor, tell you that all is well with the world. Clouds of suspicion, tides of ill-will and intolerance gather darkly in many places. In our own land we enjoy indeed a fullness of life greater than that of most Nations. But the rush of modern civilization itself has raised for us new difficulties, new problems which must be solved if we are to preserve to the United States the political and economic freedom for which Washington and Jefferson planned and fought.Philadelphia is a good city in which to write American history. This is fitting ground on which to reaffirm the faith of our fathers; to pledge ourselves to restore to the people a wider freedom; to give to 1936 as the founders gave to 1776—an American way of life.That very word freedom, in itself and of necessity, suggests freedom from some restraining power. In 1776 we sought freedom from the tyranny of a political autocracy—from the eighteenth century royalists who held special privileges from the crown. It was to perpetuate their privilege that they governed without the consent of the governed; that they denied the right of free assembly and free speech; that they restricted the worship of God; that they put the average man's property and the average man's life in pawn to the mercenaries of dynastic power; that they regimented the people.And so it was to win freedom from the tyranny of political autocracy that the American Revolution was fought. That victory gave the business of governing into the hands of the average man, who won the right with his neighbors to make and order his own destiny through his own Government. Political tyranny was wiped out at Philadelphia on July 4, 1776.Since that struggle, however, man's inventive genius released new forces in our land which reordered the lives of our people. The age of machinery, of railroads; of steam and electricity; the telegraph and the radio; mass production, mass distribution—all of these combined to bring forward a new civilization and with it a new problem for those who sought to remain free.For out of this modern civilization economic royalists carved new dynasties. New kingdoms were built upon concentration of control over material things. Through new uses of corporations, banks and securities, new machinery of industry and agriculture, of labor and capital-all undreamed of by the fathers—the whole structure of modern life was impressed into this royal service.There was no place among this royalty for our many thousands of small business men and merchants who sought to make a worthy use of the American system of initiative and profit. They were no more free than the worker or the farmer. Even honest and progressive-minded men of wealth, aware of their obligation to their generation, could never know just where they fitted into this dynastic scheme of things.It was natural and perhaps human that the privileged princes of these new economic dynasties, thirsting for power, reached out for control over Government itself. They created a new despotism and wrapped it in the robes of legal sanction. In its service new mercenaries sought to regiment the people, their labor, and their property. And as a result the average man once more confronts the problem that faced the Minute Man.The hours men and women worked, the wages they received, the conditions of their labor—these had passed beyond the control of the people, and were imposed by this new industrial dictatorship. The savings of the average family, the capital of the small business man, the investments set aside for old age—other people's money—these were tools which the new economic royalty used to dig itself in.Those who tilled the soil no longer reaped the rewards which were their right. The small measure of their gains was decreed by men in distant cities.Throughout the Nation, opportunity was limited by monopoly. Individual initiative was crushed in the cogs of a great machine. The field open for free business was more and more restricted. Private enterprise, indeed, became too private. It became privileged enterprise, not free enterprise.An old English judge once said: "Necessitous men are not free men." Liberty requires opportunity to make a living-a living decent according to the standard of the time, a living which gives man not only enough to live by, but something to live for.For too many of us the political equality we once had won was meaningless in the face of economic inequality. A small group had concentrated into their own hands an almost complete control over other people's property, other people's money, other people's labor, other people's lives. For too many of us life was no longer free; liberty no longer real; men could no longer follow the pursuit of happiness.Against economic tyranny such as this, the American citizen could appeal only to the organized power of Government. The collapse of 1929 showed up the despotism for what it was. The election of 1932 was the people's mandate to end it. Under that mandate it is being ended.The royalists of the economic order have conceded that political freedom was the business of the Government, but they have maintained that economic slavery was nobody's business. They granted that the Government could protect the citizen in his right to vote, but they denied that the Government could do anything to protect the citizen in his right to work and his right to live.Today we stand committed to the proposition that freedom is no half-and-half affair. If the average citizen is guaranteed equal opportunity in the polling place, he must have equal opportunity in the market place.These economic royalists complain that we seek to overthrow the institutions of America. What they really complain of is that we seek to take away their power. Our allegiance to American institutions requires the overthrow of this kind of power. In vain they seek to hide behind the Flag and the Constitution. In their blindness they forget what the Flag and the Constitution stand for. Now, as always, they stand for democracy, not tyranny; for freedom, not subjection; and against a dictatorship by mob rule and the over-privileged alike.The brave and clear platform adopted by this Convention, to which I heartily subscribe, sets forth that Government in a modern civilization has certain inescapable obligations to its citizens, among which are protection of the family and the home, the establishment of a democracy of opportunity, and aid to those overtaken by disaster.But the resolute enemy within our gates is ever ready to beat down our words unless in greater courage we will fight for them.For more than three years we have fought for them. This Convention, in every word and deed, has pledged that that fight will go on.The defeats and victories of these years have given to us as a people a new understanding of our Government and of ourselves. Never since the early days of the New England town meeting have the affairs of Government been so widely discussed and so clearly appreciated. It has been brought home to us that the only effective guide for the safety of this most worldly of worlds, the greatest guide of all, is moral principle.We do not see faith, hope and charity as unattainable ideals, but we use them as stout supports of aNation fighting the fight for freedom in a modern civilization.Faith—in the soundness of democracy in the midst of dictatorships.Hope-renewed because we know so well the progress we have made.Charity—in the true spirit of that grand old word. For charity literally translated from the original means love, the love that understands, that does not merely share the wealth of the giver, but in true sympathy and wisdom helps men to help themselves.We seek not merely to make Government a mechanical implement, but to give it the vibrant personal character that is the very embodiment of human charity.We are poor indeed if this Nation cannot afford to lift from every recess of American life the dread fear of the unemployed that they are not needed in the world. We cannot afford to accumulate a deficit in the books of human fortitude.In the place of the palace of privilege we seek to build a temple out of faith and hope and charity.It is a sobering thing, my friends, to be a servant of this great cause. We try in our daily work to remember that the cause belongs not to us, but to the people. The standard is not in the hands of you and me alone. It is carried by America. We seek daily to profit from experience, to learn to do better as our task proceeds.Governments can err, Presidents do make mistakes, but the immortal Dante tells us that divine justice weighs the sins of the cold-blooded and the sins of the warm-hearted in different scales.Better the occasional faults of a Government that lives in a spirit of charity than the consistent omissions of a Government frozen in the ice of its own indifference.There is a mysterious cycle in human events. To some generations much is given. Of other generations much is expected. This generation of Americans has a rendezvous with destiny.In this world of ours in other lands, there are some people, who, in times past, have lived and fought for freedom, and seem to have grown too weary to carry on the fight. They have sold their heritage of freedom for the illusion of a living. They have yielded their democracy.I believe in my heart that only our success can stir their ancient hope. They begin to know that here in America we are waging a great and successful war. It is not alone a war against want and destitution and economic demoralization. It is more than that; it is a war for the survival of democracy. We are fighting to save a great and precious form of government for ourselves and for the world.I accept the commission you have tendered me. I join with you. I am enlisted for the duration ofthe war.。

关于美国同性恋历史

关于美国同性恋历史

On December 10th, 1924German immigrants Henry Gerber established the first recognized in Chicago gay rights groups. Illinois charter issued the first gay publications: "the friendship and freedom".On January 1, 1962Abolished the sodomy laws in IllinoisThis is the first state to repeal the country.On June 28, 1969Stonewall riotsStone is the New York City's Greenwich village pub. New York was against the whole gay bars have same-sex couples. In a morning, the police raided the bar and beat the customer. This led to a violent demonstrations conflict. The stonewall riots was found for the first time is the history of gays and lesbians often against the persecution of government-led gender instance of the vulnerable group, and also is considered to be the United States and the global gay rights movement key events in life.On June 28, 1970The first gay pride paradeIn order to mark the first anniversary of the stonewall riots, there was a gay parade in New York, Chicago and Los AngelesOn January 1, 1974Homosexuality is no longer regarded as a kind of diseaseHomosexuality is no longer included in apa and the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental illness.On January 1, 1975Elaine Noble was sworn inElaine is Noble in American history first openly gay people in government after. From 1975 to 1979, she is in the house in Massachusetts.On November 2, 1976The rise of Harvey milkHarvey milk, the county council's campaign in San Francisco in 1977 proved that the gay munity can make a selection. Milk acute political smell and provocative style made him a hero. But it also led to hostility and hatred, milk has bee the first martyr gay liberation movement.On January 1, 1977Campaign against gayThe rise of the gay movement at the same time also encountered a lot of gay movement. In 1977, a man named Anita Bryant, American beauty contest runner-up calls for a bill to repeal the Miami - dade county. The bill aims to ban for sexual orientation discrimination. Anita led a group called "save our children", she said "those people (gay groups) hope that through the law to tell our children, in addition to the existing normal life, also can have other life-style." Anita mitment to lead the Crusades to organize the United States has never happened before.On November 27, 1978Two assassinationSan Francisco mayor George moss Orkney and supervision mittee of Harvey milk, the city hall in San Francisco assassinated by former supervision mittee Dan white. On May 29, 19791979 riots in San FranciscoOnly white was sentenced to seven years in prison has angered the city of San Francisco's gay munity. The jury because of "insanity" defense pardoned whitefirst-degree murder charges. More than 1000 people in the parade, eventually turned into riots.On January 1, 1980The Democrats support gay rightsDemocratic national convention by a statement announced their support for gay rights, "all groups can not be discrimination, whether such discrimination based on race, religion, nationality, language, gender or sexual orientation."On January 1, 1981AIDS appearedBefore the advent of HIV/AIDS for the gay munity identity. AIDS in the United States appeared rapidly after raging in the gay munity.On January 1, 1982Gay couplesVillage Voice is the first gay couples provide welfare businesses. Of California, Berkeley, in 1984 also follow the move, making it the U.S. government is engaged in the career milestone.On March 24, 1987ACT UP to the fight against HIV/AIDSThe fight against HIV/AIDS alliance ACT UP taking shape. The agency organized protests for many times, including a 1988 protests shut down the food and drug administration.On January 1, 1993Hawaii is short to allow gay marriageHawaii's Supreme Court to declare the state a can't without violation of the equal protection regulations banning gay couples to marry.On December 21, 1993Don't ask, don't sayThe U.S. defense department adopted a "don't ask, don't tell" policy, the policy allows gay munity in the case of conceal their sexual orientation in the army. On January 25, 1996"Lease" stageMusical "rent" sex and AIDS in the Broadway theatre performance and won the Pulitzer prize. Later that year the play on Broadway. And purpose of the show creator Jonathan larson was released the day before the sudden death.On September 21, 1996Defense of marriageU.S. President Bill Clinton signed the defense of marriage act. The law, marriage can only happen in between men and women.On April 16, 1997Yes, I'm gayEllen degeneres announced out of the ark.On November 3, 1998The constitution of HawaiiHawaii voted the second amendment, which authorized state by the methods of management and education to prevent same-sex marriage.On January 1, 1999California's partnershipCalifornia has established the same-sex couples a registry, and allow gay couples to go to the hospital to visit for the first time.On July 1, 2000A new eraVermont became the first state to legalize gay couples civil unions.On June 23, 2003Lawrence v TexasIn Lawrence v. Texas case, the Supreme Court overturned balls v hardwick precedent, and the act of sodomy, Texas, and announced that states may not prohibit same-sex sexual behaviour among adults or mutually agreed.On February 24, 2004Bush support banning same-sex marriageUS President George w. bush announced he supported on the federal constitutional amendment banning same-sex marriage. Later that year the United States senate and house of representatives voted against the amendments to the constitution.On May 17, 2004I am willing toMassachusetts became the first state to legalize gay marriage. In goodrich v the ministry of public health, the Massachusetts Supreme Court judge to ban gay marriage in violation of the Massachusetts constitution.On November 2, 200411 states define marriage11 states by the definition of marriage as a man and a woman to a constitutional amendment. They are Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Montana, North Dakota, Ohio, Michigan, Mississippi, Oklahoma, Oregon and Utah.On March 5, 2006Brokeback mountain won three oscarsBrokeback mountain won the best director, best adapted screenplay and best score three oscars.On November 7, 2006Eight states proposed banning same-sex marriageEight states proposed constitutional amendment banning same-sex marriage. They are in Colorado, Idaho, south Carolina, south Dakota, Tennessee, Virginia and Wisconsin and Arizona. But in the end only Arizona passed the bill.On May 15, 2008California ruled that the ban on same-sex marriage was unconstitutional California's Supreme Court ruled that the ban on same-sex marriage was unconstitutional. Since July 16, 2008, California's gay couples can legally married. On October 10, 2008Connecticut legalize same-sex marriageConnecticut's highest court ruled same-sex marriage legal.On November 4, 2008Proposition 8 in CaliforniaDefines marriage rights as a man and a woman only legalize gay marriage in California's proposition 8 just four months after the pass.On April 3, 2003Iowa state courts abolished laws banning gay marriageIowa's Supreme Court to abolish the ban on gay marriage, became the third state of legalized gay marriage. The new law in the same year on April 27.On April 7, 2009Vermont legalized gay marriageThe senate and the house of representatives in the overthrow of the vermont governor Jim Douglas's veto after legalized gay marriage.On May 6, 2009New Hampshire legalize same-sex marriageNew Hampshire legislature voted to make the proposal to legalize same-sex marriage. On May 26, 2009California court by proposition 8The California Supreme Court through the proposition 8, but the court ruled that the bill through marriage before 18000 gay marriage is legal.On December 15, 2009Washington, d.c., legalize same-sex marriageWashington, d.c., court by 11 votes than 2 passed the proposal to legalize same-sex marriage.On January 31, 2011Legalization of civil unions, IllinoisIllinois governor pat quinn signed protect religious freedom and civil unions bill. The act allows same-sex civil unions after June 1, 2011 to bee legal.On June 24, 2011He signed legislation to make New York legalized gay marriageNew York's governor, Andrew cuomo, signed a bill legalizing same-sex marriage. New York state since the same year in July 24 can legal same-sex marriage.On September 20, 2011"Don't ask, don't say" bill was abolishedTo ensure that the gay munity can serve "don't ask, don't tell" policy was abolished after the debate in a month. Congress, the President, the defense department, the chairman of the joint chiefs of staff sign all agree to abolish the policy. More than 13000 people were infamous expelled from the army.On September 30, 2011The department of defense allow same-sex marriage ceremonyThe pentagon allowed chaplain presided over gay weddings.On May 9, 2012Obama supports gay marriagePresident barack Obama has declared his support for marriage equality on the ABC news.On November 6, 2012Maine, Washington and Maryland legalize same-sex marriageOn March 18, 2013Hillary Clinton, support gay marriageFormer U.S. secretary of state Hillary Clinton, announced her support gay marriage. On March 21, 2013Colorado agree with civil unionsBee the state of the ninth allow civil unions, Colorado.On March 26, 2013Proposition 8 and the defense of marriage act legislation in the United States Supreme CourtFor decades, the U.S. Supreme Court started to loose on the issue of gay marriage. On March 27, 2013plete the marriageAfter two days of debate, the us Supreme Court define marriage as a bination of men and women seem to abolish the defense of marriage act.On April 29, 2013NBA players ing outWashington wizards player Jason Collins announced himself out in an exclusiveinterview. He is the first major American sports openly gay athletes.On May 1, 2013Colorado to gay civil unionsOn May 2, 2013Rhode Island legalize same-sex marriageRhode Island by 56 to 15 by same-sex marriage legal act. Became the first ten states to allow gay marriage.On May 7, 2013Delaware: 11 states to allow gay marriage.On May 14, 2013Minnesota: 12 states to allow gay marriage.On May 23, 2013The boy scouts acceptance of homosexualityThe boy scouts of America changed the ban used more than 100 years, to allow gay boy scouts.On June 25, 2013The U.S. Supreme Court decision regarding the proposition 8 and the defense of marriage actThese are two landmark ruling. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that gay couples and a mate to enjoy the same federal benefits. Also know California banning gay marriage bill is lower courts abolished the Supreme Court, which is illegal.On October 18, 2013New Jersey's highest court ruled that the state in the same year October 21 can same-sex marriageOn November 5, 2013Illinois legalize same-sex marriageOn November 13, 2013The state of Hawaii legalize same-sex marriageOn December 19, 2013New Mexico's Supreme Court support gay marriageOn December 20, 2013A federal judge abolished the Utah law banning gay marriageOn January 6, 2014The Supreme Court to stop the same-sex marriage in UtahOn July 18, 2014Colorado stop approved gay marriageOn October 6, 2014The federal Supreme Court appeal six states of limits to gay marriage Oklahoma, indiana, Utah, Virginia and Wisconsin's appeal request for a limit of same-sex marriage the Supreme Court.On October 25, 2014Six more states recognise same-sex marriageAlaska, Arizona, Idaho, West Virginia, north Carolina, and Wyoming same-sex marriages.On January 16, 2015The Supreme Court agreed to rule in which states gays can get marriedBefore the Supreme Court agreed to review, Michigan, Ohio, Tennessee, and Kentucky appeal decision about support banning same-sex marriage.June 26, 2015The Supreme Court ruled that gay marriage is a everyone some power.June 26, 2015 is doomed to be a historic day. In the United States supreme law xuanruled same-sex marriage legal in the United States.。

大学英语三级班 美国文化课件

大学英语三级班 美国文化课件
Ron Paul, U.S. Representative from Texas
Massac husetts Govern ors Mitt Romney
Rick Santorum former U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania
On April 10, Santorum suspended his campaign due to a variety of reasons, such as a low delegate count, unfavorable polls in his home state of Pennsylvania, and his daughter's health, leaving Mitt Romney as the undisputed front-runner for the presidential nomination and allowing Gingrich to claim that he was "the last conservative standing" in the campaign for the nomination. After disappointing results in the April 24 primaries, Gingrich dropped out on May 2 in a move that was seen as an effective end to the nomination contest. After Gingrich's spokesman announced his upcoming withdrawal, the Republican National Committee declared Romney the party's presumptive推 定的 nominee. Ron Paul officially remained in the race, but he stopped campaigning on May 14 in order to focus on state conventions instead.

大学优品PPT精选版《大学英语外报外刊阅读教材第二版》Lesson22-24

大学优品PPT精选版《大学英语外报外刊阅读教材第二版》Lesson22-24
Lesson 24
1. What does Haase do in a manufacturing firm in Milwaukee?
She works as a receptionist and payroll administrator in a manufacturing firm in Milwaukee.
Lesson 24
1. She finds limited opportunities to take on more duties. (Line 3, Para. 1)
她感到承担更多职责的机会有限。
2.The authors, business consultants in Europe, explain that boreout, the opposite of burnout, consists of three elements: being "understretched," uncommitted, and bored in the workplace. (Line 1, Para. 4) 作者均是欧洲的商业顾问,他们解释道,闷爆是倦怠的反 义词,常常表现在三个方面:工作负担很轻,不受约束, 乏味无聊。
4. Maybe the boredom is a real message that you need to make a change. (Line 1, Para. 14) 或许感到无聊是在传递一个重要信息:你得换一下工作了。
Lesson 24
Lesson 24
Lesson 24
1. It can be seen from the article that what Nicole Haase really wants to do is ____.

Bill Clinton

Bill Clinton

Clinton awarded the "Times" Person of the Year in 1992
Clinton and Starr 1996 named Time “Man of the Year
During the administration of William Jefferson Clinton, the U.S. enjoyed more peace and economic well being than at any time in its history. He was the first Democratic president since Franklin D. Roosevelt to win a second term. He could point to the lowest unemployment rate in modern times, the lowest inflation in 30 years, the highest home ownership in the country's history, dropping crime rates in many places, and reduced welfare rolls. He proposed the first balanced budget in decades and achieved a budget surplus. As part of a plan to celebrate the millennium in 2000, Clinton called for a great national initiative to end racial discrimination.

世界十大经典演讲稿

世界十大经典演讲稿

世界十大经典演讲稿演讲是一种传递思想、激发激情和影响观众的强大工具。

在过去的几十年里,世界上出现了许多经典演讲,这些演讲由那些具有远见卓识和颠覆性思维的人发表。

他们的演讲不仅赢得了世界范围内的称赞和赞誉,而且在深入人心的同时改变了历史进程。

本文将介绍世界上的十大经典演讲稿。

1. 马丁·路德·金恩的“I Have a Dream”(我有一个梦想)演讲马丁·路德·金恩是美国民权运动的重要领袖,他的这篇演讲是对美国种族歧视的激情质问。

他在1963年的华盛顿特区代表大会上发表了这篇演讲,倡导种族平等和公正。

这篇演讲无疑是激发了人们对社会正义的渴望,并催生了民权法案的通过。

2. 温斯顿·丘吉尔的“We Shall Fight on the Beaches”(我们将在海滩上战斗)演讲在二战期间,英国首相温斯顿·丘吉尔为了鼓舞民众的士气,于1940年发表了这篇演讲。

他在这篇演讲中强调了英国的坚定决心和对纳粹德国的抵抗。

丘吉尔的这段演讲在高度恐慌和困难的时刻给予了人们勇气,鼓舞了整个英国国家的士气。

3. 约翰·F·肯尼迪的“Inaugural Address”(就职演说)约翰·F·肯尼迪在1961年成为美国总统后发表了这篇就职演说。

他在演讲中呼吁全体美国人民共同努力,追求和平、自由和全球进步。

肯尼迪的这篇演讲激发了人们对公民责任和全球合作的意识。

4. 威廉·莎士比亚的“朱丽叶·罗密欧”中的宽容的演说尽管不是真实的历史演讲,但威廉·莎士比亚在他的悲剧作品《罗密欧与朱丽叶》中给予了我们关于宽容和爱情的深入洞察。

罗密欧和朱丽叶的爱情悲剧教导我们要超越过去的仇恨,以宽容和理解取代仇恨。

5. 奥巴马的“Yes, We Can”(是的,我们能做到)演讲2008年,巴拉克·奥巴马成功当选为美国第44任总统。

奥巴马演讲mp3下载

奥巴马演讲mp3下载

竭诚为您提供优质文档/双击可除奥巴马演讲mp3下载篇一:奥巴马所有竞选演讲及相关视频下载奥巴马竞选演讲及相关视频下载(用迅雷可以下)奥巴马演讲视频下载,来自官网的视频,很清晰,一般都是二十分钟左右的视频。

我保证用迅雷能下。

视频格式是m4v,mov.我刚用迅雷刚才下了五个视频,速度感觉还可以(比YouTube解析的后下载的速度快多了)视频在暴风影音和realplayer上每个都可以播放,我都试过了。

这些视频不是非常多。

但都是奥巴马经典的演讲视频,还有奥巴马在大选过程相关的一些视频,比如grassroots organizing类的视频,和ThecampaignTrail的一些视频。

需要更多好的英语资料的朋友看这里最新添加奥巴马就职演讲视频和音频下载(1月20日),下载地址以下的演讲视频直接点击就可以下载了12newhampshireprimaryspeech:Yeswecan3forginganewfutureforAmerican4southcarolinavictoryspeech5amricanstories(美国公民讲述自己的故事来支持推选奥巴马)6Democraticnationalconvention20XXKeynote(20XX.7.27,查看中英文对照文稿)7bidenVpannouncement8orlando,FlaVFwAddress9Yeswecan,nashuanh10bostonstudents(波士顿大学学生和奥巴马电话交谈,会见奥巴马,还有他们对大选的一些看法)11bronxstudents(一所中学的学生谈论大选,并各自发表自己的演讲yeswe/Ican).........更多奥巴马竞选相关视频下载12changehascometoAmerica(11月4日获胜芝加哥演讲):ed2k://|file|[%e5%A5%A5%e5%b7%b4%e9%A9%Ac%e5%bD%93% e9%80%89%e6%bc%94%e8%Ae%b2].barack.obama.presidenti al.Victory.speech.hDTV.xviD-xoxo.avi|183121870|1568 efc587c6885c3a4da0bc9e27ac5c|/将这一段地址复制后,打开你的迅雷,点"新建",自动弹出迅雷的下载对话框里即可下载。

美国重要历史年表

美国重要历史年表
ETS 最愛的--美國重要歷史年表 by 康老師
1492 Columbus 1607 Jamestown 1689-1763 在美、加 四次英法戰爭 1754-1763 the French and Indian War 1775-1783 American Revolution 1776 Declare Independence 1781-1789 Confederation 開大陸會議製憲 constitution 1787 1788-1830 A young nation Washington 當選第一任總統 1789 1790 Residence act 1793 Eli Whitney’s Cotton gin John Adam 當選第二任總統 1797 The first permanent settlement 英獲加拿大的土地,與西班牙的 Florida
ets最愛的美國重要歷史年表1492columbus1607jamestownfirstpermanentsettlement16891763四次英法戰爭英獲加拿大的土地與西班牙的florida17541763indianwar17751783americanrevolution1776declareindependencethomasjefferson17811789confederation成立13confederation1787constitutioncontinentalconvention17881830youngnationearlynationalperiods1789washington當選第一任總統1790residenceact1793eliwhitneyscottongin1797johnadam當選第二任總統1801jefferson當選第三任總統federalistpartyhamilton1northbritish3powergovernmentdemocraticrepublicanpartyjefferson1sourthfrance3weak政府1803louisianapurchasethomasjefferson1804lewisclarkexpedition1812181418121825eriecanalfromhudsonrivergreatlakes18301870expansion文學

Republican National Convention Address(National,Republican,Address)

Republican National Convention Address(National,Republican,Address)

Republican National ConventionAddress(National,Republican,Address) barry goldwater: 1964 Republican National Convention Address my good friend and great Republican, dick nixon, and your charming wife, pat; my running mate, that wonderful Republican who has served us so well for so long, bill miller and his wife, stephanie; to thurston morton who's done such a commendable job in chairmaning this Convention; to mr. herbert hoover, who i hope is watching; and to that -- that great american and his wife, general and mrs. eisenhower; to my own wife, my family, and to all of my fellow Republicans here assembled, and americans across this great nation.from this moment, united and determined, we will go forward together, dedicated to the ultimate and undeniable greatness of thewhole man. together -- together we will win.i accept your nomination with a deep sense of humility. i accept, too, the responsibility that goes with it, and i seek your continued help and your continued guidance. my fellow Republicans, our cause is too great for any man to feel worthy of it. our task would be too great for any man, did he not have with him the hearts and the hands of this great Republican party, and i promise you tonight that every fiber of my being is consecrated to our cause; that nothing shall be lacking from the struggle that can be brought to it by enthusiasm, by devotion, and plain hard work.in this world no person, no party can guarantee anything, but what we can do and what we shall do is to deserve victory, and victory will be ours.the good lord raised this mighty republic to be a home for the brave and to flourish as the land of the free -- not to stagnate in theswampland of collectivism, not to cringe before the bullying of communism.now, my fellow americans, the tide has been running against freedom. our people have followed false prophets. we must, and we shall, return to proven ways -- not because they are old, but because they are true. we must, and we shall, set the tides running again in the cause of freedom. and this party, with its every action, every word, every breath, and every heartbeat, has but a single resolve, and that is freedom -- freedom made orderly for this nation by our constitutional government; freedom under a government limited by the laws of nature and of nature's god; freedom balanced so that order lacking liberty [sic] will not become the slavery of the prison shell [cell]; balanced so that liberty lacking order will not become the license of the mob and of the jungle.now, we americans understand freedom. we have earned it; wehave lived for it, and we have died for it. this nation and its people are freedom's model in a searching world. we can be freedom's missionaries in a doubting world. but, ladies and gentlemen, first we must renew freedom's mission in our own hearts and in our own homes.during four futile years, the administration which we shall replace has -- has distorted and lost that vision. it has talked and talked and talked and talked the words of freedom, but it has failed and failed and failed in the works of freedom.now, failures cements the wall of shame in berlin. failures blot the sands of shame at the bay of pigs. failures mark the slow death of freedom in laos. failures infest the jungles of vietnam. and failures haunt the houses of our once great alliances and undermine the greatest bulwark ever erected by free nations -- the nato community. failures proclaim lost leadership, obscure purpose,weakening will, and the risk of inciting our sworn enemies to new aggressions and to new excesses.and because of this administration we are tonight a world divided; we are a nation becalmed. we have lost the brisk pace of diversity and the genius of individual creativity. we are plodding along at a pace set by centralized planning, red tape, rules without responsibility, and regimentation without recourse.rather than useful jobs in our country, our people have been offered bureaucratic "make work"; rather than moral leadership, they have been given bread and circuses. they have been given spectacles, and, yes, they've even been given scandals.tonight, there is violence in our streets, corruption in our highest offices, aimlessness amongst our youth, anxiety among our elders, and there's a virtual despair among the many who look beyond material success for the inner meaning of their lives. and whereexamples of morality should be set, the opposite is seen. small men, seeking great wealth or power, have too often and too long turned even the highest levels of public service into mere personal opportunity.now, certainly, simple honesty is not too much to demand of men in government. we find it in most. Republicans demand it from everyone. they demand it from everyone no matter how exalted or protected his position might be. now the -- the growing menace in our country tonight, to personal safety, to life, to limb and property, in homes, in churches, on the playgrounds, and places of business, particularly in our great cities, is the mounting concern, or should be, of every thoughtful citizen in the united states.security from domestic violence, no less than from foreign aggression, is the most elementary and fundamental purpose of any government, and a government that cannot fulfill this purposeis one that cannot long command the loyalty of its citizens.history shows us -- it demonstrates that nothing, nothing prepares the way for tyranny more than the failure of public officials to keep the streets safe from bullies and marauders.now, we Republicans see all this as more, much more, than the result of mere political differences or mere political mistakes. we see this as the result of a fundamentally and absolutely wrong view of man, his nature, and his destiny. those who seek to live your lives for you, to take your liberties in return for relieving you of yours, those who elevate the state and downgrade the citizen must see ultimately a world in which earthly power can be substituted for divine will, and this nation was founded upon the rejection of that notion and upon the acceptance of god as the author of freedom. now those who seek absolute power, even though they seek it to do what they regard as good, are simply demanding the right toenforce their own version of heaven on earth. they -- and let me remind you, they are the very ones who always create the most hellish tyrannies. absolute power does corrupt, and those who seek it must be suspect and must be opposed. their mistaken course stems from false notions, ladies and gentlemen, of equality. equality, rightly understood, as our founding fathers understood it, leads to liberty and to the emancipation of creative differences. wrongly understood, as it has been so tragically in our time, it leads first to conformity and then to despotism.fellow Republicans, it is the cause of Republicanism to resist concentrations of power, private or public, which -- which enforce such conformity and inflict such despotism. it is the cause of Republicanism to ensure that power remains in the hands of the people. and, so help us god, that is exactly what a Republican president will do with the help of a Republican congress.it is further the cause of Republicanism to restore a clear understanding of the tyranny of man over man in the world at large. it is our cause to dispel the foggy thinking which avoids hard decisions in the delusion that a world of conflict will somehow mysteriously resolve itself into a world of harmony, if we just don't rock the boat or irritate the forces of aggression -- and this is hogwash.it is further the cause of Republicanism to remind ourselves, and the world, that only the strong can remain free, that only the strong can keep the peace.now, i needn't remind you, or my fellow americans regardless of party, that Republicans have shouldered this hard responsibility and marched in this cause before. it was Republican leadership under dwight eisenhower that kept the peace, and passed along to this administration the mightiest arsenal for defense the world hasever known. and i needn't remind you that it was the strength and the [un]believable will of the eisenhower years that kept the peace by using our strength, by using it in the formosa straits and in lebanon and by showing it courageously at all times.it was during those Republican years that the thrust of communist imperialism was blunted. it was during those years of Republican leadership that this world moved closer, not to war, but closer to peace, than at any other time in the last three decades.and i needn't remind you -- but i will -- that it's been during democratic years that our strength to deter war has stood still, and even gone into a planned decline. it has been during democratic years that we have weakly stumbled into conflict, timidly refusing to draw our own lines against aggression, deceitfully refusing to tell even our people of our full participation, and tragically, letting our finest men die on battlefields, unmarked by purpose, unmarked bypride or the prospect of victory.yesterday, it was korea. tonight, it is vietnam. make no bones of this. don't try to sweep this under the rug. we are at war in vietnam. and yet the president, who is the commander-in-chief of our forces, refuses to say -- refuses to say, mind you, whether or not the objective over there is victory. and his secretary of defense continues to mislead and misinform the american people, and enough of it has gone by.and i needn't remind you -- but i will -- it has been during democratic years that a billion persons were cast into communist captivity and their fate cynically sealed.today -- today in our beloved country we have an administration which seems eager to deal with communism in every coin known -- from gold to wheat, from consulates to confidences, and even human freedom itself.now the Republican cause demands that we brand communism as the principal disturber of peace in the world today. indeed, we should brand it as the only significant disturber of the peace, and we must make clear that until its goals of conquest are absolutely renounced and its relations with all nations tempered, communism and the governments it now controls are enemies of every man on earth who is or wants to be free.now, we here in america can keep the peace only if we remain vigilant and only if we remain strong. only if we keep our eyes open and keep our guard up can we prevent war. and i want to make this abundantly clear: i don't intend to let peace or freedom be torn from our grasp because of lack of strength or lack of will -- and that i promise you, americans.i believe that we must look beyond the defense of freedom today to its extension tomorrow. i believe that the communism which boastsit will bury us will, instead, give way to the forces of freedom. and i can see in the distant and yet recognizable future the outlines of a world worthy of our dedication, our every risk, our every effort, our every sacrifice along the way. yes, a world that will redeem the suffering of those who will be liberated from tyranny. i can see -- and i suggest that all thoughtful men must contemplate -- the flowering of an atlantic civilization, the whole of europe reunified and freed, trading openly across its borders, communicating openly across the world.now, this is a goal far, far more meaningful than a moon shot.it's a -- it's a truly inspiring goal for all free men to set for themselves during the latter half of the twentieth century.i can also see -- and all free men must thrill to -- the events of this atlantic civilization joined by its great ocean highway to the united states. what a destiny! what a destiny can be ours to stand as agreat central pillar linking europe, the americas, and the venerable and vital peoples and cultures of the pacific. i can see a day when all the americas, north and south, will be linked in a mighty system, a system in which the errors and misunderstandings of the past will be submerged one by one in a rising tide of prosperity and interdependence. we know that the misunderstandings of centuries are not to be wiped away in a day or wiped away in an hour. but we pledge, we pledge that human sympathy -- what our neighbors to the south call an attitude of "simpatico" -- no less than enlightened self'-interest will be our guide.and i can see this atlantic civilization galvanizing and guiding emergent nations everywhere.now i know this freedom is not the fruit of every soil. i know that our own freedom was achieved through centuries, by unremitting efforts of brave and wise men. and i know that the road to freedomis a long and a challenging road. and i know also that some men may walk away from it, that some men resist challenge, accepting the false security of governmental paternalism.and i -- and i pledge that the america i envision in the years ahead will extend its hand in health, in teaching and in cultivation, so that all new nations will be at least encouraged -- encouraged! -- to go our way, so that they will not wander down the dark alleys of tyranny or the dead-end streets of collectivism.my fellow Republicans, we do no man a service by hiding freedom's light under a bushel of mistaken humility.i seek an america proud of its past, proud of its ways, proud of its dreams, and determined actively to proclaim them. but our example to the world must, like charity, begin at home.in our vision of a good and decent future, free and peaceful, there must be room, room for deliberation of the energy and the talent ofthe individual; otherwise our vision is blind at the outset.we must assure a society here which, while never abandoning the needy or forsaking the helpless, nurtures incentives and opportunities for the creative and the productive. we must know the whole good is the product of many single contributions.and i cherish a day when our children once again will restore as heroes the sort of men and women who, unafraid and undaunted, pursue the truth, strive to cure disease, subdue and make fruitful our natural environment and produce the inventive engines of production, science, and technology.this nation, whose creative people have enhanced this entire span of history, should again thrive upon the greatness of all those things which we, we as individual citizens, can and should do. and during Republican years, this again will be a nation of men and women, of families proud of their role, jealous of their responsibilities,unlimited in their aspirations -- a nation where all who can will be self-reliant.we Republicans see in our constitutional form of government the great framework which assures the orderly but dynamic fulfillment of the whole man, and we see the whole man as the great reason for instituting orderly government in the first place.we see -- we see in private property and in economy based upon and fostering private property, the one way to make government a durable ally of the whole man, rather than his determined enemy. we see in the sanctity of private property the only durable foundation for constitutional government in a free society. and -- and beyond that, we see, in cherished diversity of ways, diversity of thoughts, of motives and accomplishments. we don't seek to lead anyone's life for him. we only seek -- only seek to secure his rights, guarantee him opportunity -- guarantee him opportunity to strive,with government performing only those needed and constitutionally sanctioned tasks which cannot otherwise be performed.we Republicans seek a government that attends to its inherent responsibilities of maintaining a stable monetary and fiscal climate, encouraging a free and a competitive economy and enforcing law and order. thus, do we seek inventiveness, diversity, and creative difference within a stable order, for we Republicans define government's role where needed at many, many levels -- preferably, though, the one closest to the people involved.our towns and our cities, then our counties, then our states, then our regional compacts -- and only then, the National government. that, let me remind you, is the ladder of liberty, built by decentralized power. on it also we must have balance between the branches of government at every level.balance, diversity, creative difference: these are the elements ofthe Republican equation. Republicans agree -- Republicans agree heartily to disagree on many, many of their applications, but we have never disagreed on the basic fundamental issues of why you and i are Republicans.this is a party. this Republican party is a party for free men, not for blind followers, and not for conformists.in fact, in 1858 abraham lincoln said this of the Republican party -- and i quote him, because he probably could have said it during the last week or so: "it was composed of strange, discordant, and even hostile elements" -- end of the quote -- in 1858. yet -- yet all of these elements agreed on one paramount objective: to arrest the progress of slavery, and place it in the course of ultimate extinction. today, as then, but more urgently and more broadly than then, the task of preserving and enlarging freedom at home and of safeguarding it from the forces of tyranny abroad is great enough tochallenge all our resources and to require all our strength.anyone who joins us in all sincerity, we welcome. those who do not care for our cause, we don't expect to enter our ranks in any case. and -- and let our Republicanism, so focused and so dedicated, not be made fuzzy and futile by unthinking and stupid labels.i would remind you that extremism in the defense of liberty is no vice.(thank you. thank you. thank you. thank you. thank you.)and let me remind you also that moderation in the pursuit of justice is no virtue.why the beauty of the very system we Republicans are pledged to restore and revitalize, the beauty of this federal system of ours is in its reconciliation of diversity with unity. we must not see malice in honest differences of opinion, and no matter how great, so long as they are not inconsistent with the pledges we have given to eachother in and through our constitution.our Republican cause is not to level out the world or make its people conform in computer regimented sameness. our Republican cause is to free our people and light the way for liberty throughout the world.ours is a very human cause for very humane goals.this party, its good people, and its unquenchable devotion to freedom, will not fulfill the purposes of this campaign, which we launch here and now, until our cause has won the day, inspired the world, and shown the way to a tomorrow worthy of all our yesteryears.i repeat, i accept your nomination with humbleness, with pride, and you and i are going to fight for the goodness of our land.thank you.。

高级英语第一册第三课背景资料-Al Gore was inaugurated as the 45th Vice President of the United States

高级英语第一册第三课背景资料-Al Gore was inaugurated as the 45th Vice President of the United States

Al Gore was inaugurated as the 45th Vice President of the United States on January 20, 1993. President Clinton chose then-Senator Gore to be his running mate on July 9, 1992. He was formally nominated as the Democratic nominee for Vice President one week later at the Democratic National Convention in New York.Gore's Congressional career began when he was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1976 where he served eight years representing the then 4th District of Tennessee. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1984 and was re-elected in 1990, becoming the first candidate in modern history -- Republican or Democratic -- to win all 95 of Tennessee's counties. A candidate for the Democratic nomination for President in 1988, Gore won more than three million votes and Democratic contests in seven states.Gore was born on March 31, 1948, and is the son of former U.S. Senator Albert Gore, Sr. and Pauline Gore. Raised in Carthage, Tennessee, and Washington, D.C., he received a degree in government with honors from Harvard University in 1969. After graduation, he volunteered for enlistment in the U.S. Army and served in Vietnam.Returning to civilian life, Vice President Gore became an investigative reporter with The Tennessean in Nashville. He attended Vanderbilt University Divinity School and Vanderbilt Law School and operated a small homebuilding business.Vice President Gore is married to the former Mary Elizabeth "Tipper" Aitcheson. They have four children: Karenna (born August 6, 1973), Kristin (born June 5, 1977), Sarah (born January 7, 1979), and Albert III (bornOctober 19, 1982). Vice President Gore owns a small farm near Carthage, and the family attends New Salem Missionary Baptist Church in Carthage.。

用英语五句话介绍一个著名人物作文

用英语五句话介绍一个著名人物作文

用英语五句话介绍一个著名人物作文全文共3篇示例,供读者参考篇1A Famous Figure Who Defied Conventions: The Life and Legacy of Frida KahloSentence 1: Frida Kahlo, the renowned Mexican artist whose vibrant self-portraits and surrealistic depictions of pain and passion have captivated audiences worldwide, was a woman who defied societal norms and embraced her unique identity with unapologetic boldness.Born in 1907 in Coyoacán, Mexico City, Frida Kahlo's life was marked by a series of profound challenges and adversities that would shape her artistic expression and personal resilience. At the tender age of six, she contracted polio, a debilitating illness that left her with a slightly deformed right leg and a lifelong limp. This early brush with suffering foreshadowed the physical and emotional trials that would follow, yet it also instilled in her a fierce determination to overcome adversity.Sentence 2: Her unwavering spirit was put to the ultimate test in 1925 when a tragic bus accident left her with numerousinjuries, including a shattered spine, broken ribs, and a pierced abdomen, confining her to a body cast for several months.During her convalescence, Kahlo turned to painting as a means of coping with her pain and immobility, using a specially crafted easel that allowed her to create while bedridden. This period marked the beginning of her artistic journey, as she delved into the realms of self-portraiture, exploring her identity, her physical and emotional scars, and her Mexican heritage with raw honesty and vivid symbolism. Her paintings became a mirror into her soul, reflecting the complexities of her existence and her uncompromising spirit.Sentence 3: Despite the challenges posed by her health and her unconventional lifestyle, which included a tumultuous marriage to the renowned Mexican muralist Diego Rivera, Frida Kahlo remained unapologetically true to herself, defying societal expectations and embracing her identity as a woman, an artist, and a Mexican.Her bold and unconventional fashion choices, which often featured traditional Mexican attire adorned with vibrant colors and intricate embroidery, became a hallmark of her persona. Kahlo's rejection of traditional beauty standards and her celebration of her unique features, including her iconic unibrowand mustache, challenged societal norms and empowered women to embrace their authenticity. Her art and her persona became inextricably intertwined, blurring the lines between her personal and artistic identities.Sentence 4: Throughout her life, Kahlo's work transcended mere artistic expression, becoming a powerful statement of resilience, feminism, and cultural pride that resonated with audiences around the globe.Her paintings, which often depicted themes of physical and emotional suffering, fertility, and Mexican folklore, were not merely aesthetic exercises but rather profound explorations of the human condition. Kahlo's bold use of symbolism and her unflinching portrayal of her own experiences resonated with audiences seeking authenticity and depth in a world often consumed by superficiality.Sentence 5: Tragically, Frida Kahlo's life was cut short at the age of 47 due to complications from her long-standing health issues, but her legacy as a trailblazer in the art world and a champion of self-acceptance and cultural pride endures to this day.Her iconic paintings, which command staggering prices at auctions and adorn the walls of prestigious museums worldwide,continue to inspire and provoke discourse on themes of identity, suffering, and resilience. Kahlo's life and work have transcended the boundaries of art, becoming a beacon of hope and empowerment for those who have faced adversity, embraced their unique identities, and dared to defy conventions.In conclusion, Frida Kahlo's remarkable life and artistic legacy serve as a powerful reminder that true greatness often emerges from the depths of personal struggle and the courage to embrace one's authentic self. Her unwavering spirit, her defiance of societal norms, and her unapologetic celebration of her Mexican heritage have cemented her status as a cultural icon and a true pioneer of self-expression. Kahlo's story continues to resonate, inspiring generations to embrace their individuality, confront their challenges with resilience, and leave an indelible mark on the world through their art and their unwavering authenticity.篇2Introducing Barack Obama: The 44th President of the United StatesHey everyone! For this essay, I've decided to introduce one of the most influential and famous people of our time - BarackObama. You all probably know who he is, but let me give you some background on this incredible man.Barack Hussein Obama Jr. was born on August 4th, 1961 in Honolulu, Hawaii. His dad was from Kenya and his mom was from Kansas, so he had a pretty diverse upbringing and background from the start. Growing up, Obama lived in Indonesia for several years as well due to his mom's work. This exposure to different cultures at a young age really shaped his worldview and perspective.After high school, Obama attended Occidental College in Los Angeles for two years before transferring to Columbia University in New York City. It was at Columbia where he became really interested in politics and affairs of the world. He graduated in 1983 with a degree in political science, and then worked for a few years in the business world.But the corporate life wasn't for Obama. In 1988, he moved to Chicago to work as a community organizer, helping poor areas tackle issues like inequality, education reform, and more. This experience opened his eyes to the power of giving a voice to marginalized communities. It inspired him to enroll at Harvard Law School, where he became the first African American president of the prestigious Harvard Law Review.After graduating from Harvard, Obama worked as a civil rights attorney in Chicago and also lectured part-time at the University of Chicago Law School. His passion and skills as an orator were evident from an early stage. In 1996, he was elected to the Illinois State Senate, kicking off his political career at just 35 years old.Over the next decade-plus, Obama's star continued to rise in national politics. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2004 after an electrifying speech at the Democratic National Convention. Just four years later, in 2008, Obama announced his candidacy for President of the United States.His campaign resonated with millions of Americans, powered by the slogan "Hope and Change." On November 4, 2008, Barack Obama made history by defeating John McCain to become the 44th President of the United States - and the nation's first African American president. It was an iconic and emotional moment for so many.During his eight years in office from 2009 to 2017, President Obama worked to revive the struggling U.S. economy after the Great Recession. He passed the Affordable Care Act to make healthcare more accessible. He ended military involvement in the Iraq War. He advocated for LGBTQ rights and racial equality. Hebrokered the Iran nuclear deal and restarted diplomacy with Cuba after decades of tensions. He took major steps to combat climate change. And so much more.Of course, like any president, Obama had his critics and controversies too. The Affordable Care Act website had a disastrous rollout. U.S. forces remained involved in the War in Afghanistan throughout his terms. Some felt he didn't go far enough on certain progressive policies. But overall, Obama governed with grace, intelligence and a unifying spirit that inspired many around the world.After leaving office, the Obamas stayed in Washington D.C. initially before moving to their current home in the wealthy Kalorama neighborhood. Barack published his memoir "A Promised Land" in 2020, which sold millions of copies. He and Michelle have continued their public activism, focusing on youth leadership, education and more through their production company and nonprofit organization.At just 61 years old currently, it seems inevitable that Barack Obama will have more major impacts ahead. Perhaps he'll make a return to politics someday, or focus on writing, giving speeches and being an influential voice on the world stage. Whatever hedoes, I have no doubt Obama will continue being a trailblazer and leader making positive change.Summing it all up, Barack Obama is one of the most famous, influential and iconic people of the 21st century so far. He broke major barriers as the first African American president, while also being a voice for hope, equality and progress during his time in office. His life story of overcoming adversity through hard work and perseverance is incredibly inspiring. No matter what you think of his policies, it's hard to deny Obama's tremendous impact and legacy.Those are just some of the reasons why I chose to write about Barack Obama for this essay. He's led a remarkable life of public service, all while staying humble, intelligent and driven by doing the right thing. I have a deep respect and admiration for President Obama, and I'm certain his name will be remembered in history books forever. Thanks for reading my perspective on this iconic world leader!篇3Introduction to Albert Einstein - The Genius Who Reshaped Our Understanding of the UniverseHey there! For this essay, I've been asked to introduce a famous person, and I've chosen probably the most brilliant mind of the 20th century - Albert Einstein. You've definitely heard his name before, but let me give you the full scoop on just why this dude was such a legend.Early Life and EducationEinstein was born in 1879 in Ulm, Germany, but grew up mostly in Munich after his family moved there when he was an infant. From an early age, he showed blazing intelligence and an intense curiosity about the world around him. However, he didn't really fit into the rigid education system and was actually thought to be a underachiever by some of his teachers! Can you believe that?When he was 16, Einstein's family moved to Italy and he stayed behind to finish school, but ended up dropping out. He later gained admission to the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich in 1896 to study mathematics and physics. Even at this prestigious university, professors were mixed on Einstein - some praised his brilliance, while others thought he was just a joker who asked too many questions!The Miracle Year and Major DiscoveriesIn 1905, while working as a clerk at the Swiss patent office, Einstein published not one, but four groundbreaking papers in the field of theoretical physics that completely revolutionized science. This hugely prolific year became known as Einstein's "Miracle Year."In these papers, Einstein introduced his special theory of relativity, which transformed our understanding of space, time, energy and matter. He upended centuries of accepted physics by stating that the laws of physics are the same for all observers moving at constant speeds, and that the speed of light is independent of the motion of its source. Whoa, mind-blowing stuff!He also described the equivalence of mass and energy in his famous equation E=mc^2, explained the photoelectric effect (which later earned him the Nobel Prize), and offered new insights into the properties of atoms and molecules. Not too shabby for a year's work at the patent office, huh?General Theory of RelativityWhile special relativity dealt with frames of reference in constant motion, Einstein's next major theory took things even further. His general theory of relativity, published in 1915, depicted gravity not as a force, but a consequence of thecurvature of space and time. It portrayed gravity as a distortion of space and time caused by the presence of mass and energy.This radically new interpretation allowed for bizarre phenomena like black holes and gravitational waves, upending our notions of gravity established by Newton over 200 years earlier. It was such a brain-melter of an idea that even Einstein himself initially doubted its validity!Lasting LegacyEinstein continued contributing to physics and advocating for peace, social justice and human rights until his death in 1955 at age 76. He remains one of the most iconic figures in all of science, with his brilliant achievements and eccentric personality making him a global symbol of pure genius.His theories opened up entire new frontiers of understanding, from subatomic physics to astrophysics. And his ideas quite literally reshaped the cosmic perspective - suddenly, the universe was no longer a static, eternal entity, but rather a dynamic, ever-expanding fabric of space-time itself. Talk about earth-shattering!To this day, Einstein's insights continue guiding physicists in the quest to unify the fundamental forces of the universe into asingle "theory of everything." His life demonstrated the ability of the human mind to attain almost unimaginable levels of creative thinking through passion, curiosity and sheer mental tenacity.In the words of Einstein himself: "The important thing is not to stop questioning. Curiosity has its own reason for existing." So keep exploring, keep questioning, and who knows - maybe you'll be the next Einstein!。

真题分类-英语-考点11长篇完型填空

真题分类-英语-考点11长篇完型填空

Although most people return from package holidays reasonably satisfied, this is not always the ___ 1 ___. Take,for instance,the nightmare experience of a Frenchman who went on a ___ 2 ___ to Colombia. The hotel in the small Caribbean port was overbooked. The holidaymaker was ___ 3 ___ round the streets,looking for a ___ 4 ___ and breakfast place,when he was arrested for vagrancy. He was ___ 5 ___, where he told the magistrate that it was the hotel’s ___ 6 ___. The magistrate was the hotel-owner’s brother,and he charged the tourist ___ 7 ___ making false accusation and sent him to prison for eight days. By the time of his ___ 8 ___, his return flight had left. He had insufficient funds to buy a return ticket,___ 9 ___ he went to the Post Office to send a telegraph to his home in Montpellier,asking for money. He was ___ 10 ___ before he could send it. This time he was charged with illegal ___ 11 ___. It was explained that,having missed his return ___ 12 ___, he could no longer be classified as a tourist. He now needed a work ___ 13 ___, he didn’t have one. He was fined $ 500 for this ___ 14 ___, and a further $ 500 when he again blamed the hotel for overbooking. His ___ 15 ___ was confiscated because he couldn’t pay the fines. He hitch-hiked to Bogota ___ 16 ___ the consulate finally arranged to send him home.All things ___ 17 ___, I would prefer to plan my holiday independently. ___ 18 ___ my view,it’s safer to "do it yourself !" And the advantages of planning your holiday yourself are ___ 19 ___. If it is well-planned, an independent holiday can usually be good ___ 20 ___ for money.1.A. occurrence B. situation C. state D. case2.A. package B. holiday C. festival D. celebration3.A. strolling B. sauntering C. wandering D. patrolling4.** B. hotel C. bed D. lodging5.A. taken to court** to the policestation C. taken to thereform schoolD. sent to prison6.A. fault B. blame C. duty**7.A. of B. with C. for D. to8.A. freedom B. discharge C. burse D. liberty9.A. and B. though C. but D. so10.A. fined B. re-arrested C. arrested D. punished11.A. citizenship** C. migration D. immigration12.A. trip B. ticket C. flight D. journey13.A. license B. allowance C. permission D. permit14.A. crime B. offense C. fault D. error15.A. luggage B. belonging C. thing D. luggages16.A. when B. after C. where D. while17.A. considered B. beingconsidered C. wereconsideredD. considering18.A. To B. In C. By D. With19.A. considerable B. thinkable C. considerate D. imaginable20.A. bargain B. buy C. sale D. valueWith Democratic leaders increasingly worried about a lack of ___ 21 ___ for Hillary Clinton among young black, President Obama is rolling out a new and more personal campaign message: “It’s about me”.The president told African-Americans this weekend he would consider it a “personal insult” if they did not ___ 22 ___ for Mrs. Clinton implicitly putting his name on the line as his former secretary of state struggles to ___ 23 ___ the coalition that delivered him victories in 2008 and 2012.“My name may not be on the ballot, but our progress is on the ballot,” Mr. Obama said ___ 24 ___ Saturday night at the Congressional Black Caucus Foundation gala dinner in Washington where Mrs. Clinton also spoke. “Tolerance is on the ballot. Democracy is on the ballot justice is on the ballot.”Mr. Obama has previously made the case for Mrs. Clinton during campaign stops and in his speech at the Democratic National Convention. But his remarks on Saturday carried a more personal tone, and a tacit acknowledgment that he may be the only one who can ___ 25 ___ out the coalition of young black and Latino voters who Democrats are counting on Nov.8.“That speech went beyond the room. It went beyond the moment,” said Donna Brazile, the interim chairwoman of the Democratic National Committee. “That was the president essentially saying, ‘Don’t leave it on the field’”.During the Democratic primary race Mrs. Clinton enjoyed tremendous support from African-American voters, especially older black women who helped her beat ___ 26 ___ a challenge from Senator Bernie Sanders of V ermont.And Mrs. Clinton now holds a ___ 27 ___ advantage of 83 percentage points over the republican presidential nominee, Donald J Trump, among black voters, according to a New York Times/CBS News poll released last week.But many Democrats say Mrs. Clinton’s statistical advantage ___ 28 ___ concerns about turn out and voter apathy.Younger black voters, in particular, have expressed misgivings about Mrs. Clinton because of some of the policies of her husband’s administration.These voters specifically point to the 1994 crime bill, which put more police officers on the streets but also led to tougher ___ 29 ___ for nonviolent drug offenders and the overhaul of welfare, which reduced federal assistance for the poor by nearly $55 billion over six years.In addition, it is hard for Mrs. Clinton to make the deep ___ 30 ___ affection and pride again that many African-Americans feel for Mr. Obama.“People say, ‘It doesn’t matter because Hillary Clinton will get 90 percent of the African-American vote,’” said Charlie King, a prominent New York Democrat. “The question is, ‘Ninety percent of what?’ Turn out ___ 31 ___ a difference.”In part, the speech reflected Obama’s eagerness to use the outsize ___ 32 ___ he has with black voters, especially younger people who had not been engaged in politics before his bids for the White House.But in recent days, advisers to Mr. Obama say, the president has grown ___ 33 ___ with the tenor of the campaign including the re-emergence of questions about his birthplace, an issue that he and many of his supporters have long regarded as racist. While his advisers have suggested his most powerful role in the Clinton campaign is as a ___ 34 ___ who **e to respect his onetime rival, Mr. Obama is also determined to warn his supporters about the dangers of failing to turn out and essentially ___ 35 ___ the presidency to Mr. Trump.Obama’s speech ___ 36 ___ this weekend with massive get out the vote efforts by the Clinton campaign, including the dispatching of 55,000 volunteers to lead more than 2,000 voter-registration events in Pennsylvania, North Carolina and Ohio.“Are we where we need to be? Probably not,” Ms. Moore said “Are we going to get to where we need to be? Absolutely.”After devoting much of the summer trying to ___ 37 ___ white suburban voters turned off by Mr. Trump, the Clinton campaign has refocused its efforts to a big turnout push directed at black and young voters.In the weeks since Labor Day, Mrs. Clinton has held ___ 38 ___ before largely black crowds in Cleveland, at a historically black college in Charlotte, N.C and at a college in Greensboro, N.C.B. passionC. understandingD. helping21.The Clintoncampaign plans to___ 39 ___ Mr.Obama and the firstlady, MichelleObama, as much aspossible in **ingweeks, makingparticular use of thecouple in Florida,Ohio and NorthCarolina in areas ofthose states that Mr.Obama won ___ 40___ in 2008 and2012.A. patience22.A. vote B. support C. choose D. nominate23.A. establish B. set up C. replicate D. call for24.A. in B. in C. at D. off25.A. take B. give C. leave D. bring26.A. hit B. challenge C. attack D. back27.A. gaping B. big C. good D. enough28.A. occupies B. gives C. burse D. entertains29.** B. control C. sentences D. education30.A. lovely B. personal C. thankful D. kindly31.A. makes B. brings C. gets D. holds32.A. relationship B. sway C. presidency D. eloquence33.A. expected B. exhausted C. excited D. exasperated34.A. convert B. friend C. partner D. transferor35.A. coincided B. transferring C. ceding D. leaving36.A. coincided B. delivered C. made D. expressed37.A. win B. convince C. woo D. accept38.A. rallies B. positions C. viewpoints D. fair39.A. invite B. utilize C. mobilize D. employ40.A. surely B. expectedly C. handily D. naturally。

民主国家惯例英文作文

民主国家惯例英文作文

1988 democratic national conventionkeynote addressthank you. thank you. thank you, very much.good evening, ladies and gentlemen. buenas noches, mis amigos.i'm delighted to be here with you this evening, because after listening to george bush all these years, i figured you needed to know what a real texas accent sounds like.twelve years ago barbara jordan, another texas woman, barbara made the keynote address to this convention, and two women in a hundred and sixty years is about par for the course.but, if you give us a chance, we can perform. after all, ginger rogers did everything that fred astaire did. she just did it backwards and in high heels.i want to announce to this nation that in a little more than 100 days, thereagan-meese-deaver-nofziger-poindexter-north-weinberger-watt-gorsuch -lavelle-stockman-haig-bork-noriega-george bush [era] will be over! you know, tonight i feel a little like i did when i played basketball in the 8th grade. i thought i looked real cute in my uniform. and then i heard a boy yell from the bleachers, "make that basket, birdlegs!"and my greatest fear is that same guy is somewhere out there in the audiencetonight, and he's going to cut me down to size. because where i grew up there really wasn¡¯t much tolerance for self-importance, people who put on airs.i was born during the depression in a little community just outside waco, and i grew up listening to franklin roosevelt on the radio. well, it was back then that i came to understand the small truths and the hardships that bind neighbors together. those were real people with real problems and they had real dreams about getting out of the depression. i can remember summer nights when we¡¯d put down what we called the baptist pallet, and we listened to the grown-ups talk. i can still hear the sound of the dominoes clicking on the marble slab my daddy had found for a tabletop. i can still hear the laughter of the man telling jokes you weren¡¯t supposed to hear¨c talkin' about how big that old buck deer was, laughin' about mama puttin' clorox in the well when the frog fell in.they talked about war and washington and what this country needed. they talked the straight talk. and it came from people who were living their lives as best they could. and that¡¯s what we¡¯re going to do tonight. we¡¯re going to tell how the cow ate the cabbage.i got a letter last week from a young mother in lorena, texas, and i wanna read part of it to you. she writes,¡°our worries go from pay day to pay day, just like millions of others.and we have two fairly decent incomes, but i worry how i¡¯m going to pay the rising car insurance and food. i pray my kids don¡¯t have a growth spurt from august to december, so i don¡¯t have to buy n ew jeans. we buy clothes at the budget stores and we have them fray and fade and stretch in the first wash. we ponder and try to figure out how we're gonna pay for college and braces and tennis shoes. we don¡¯t take vacations and we don¡¯t go out to eat. please don¡¯t think me ungrateful. we have jobs and a nice place to live, and we¡¯re healthy. we're the people you see every day in the grocery stores, and we obey the laws and pay our taxes. we fly our flags on holidays and we plod along trying to make it better for ourselves and our children and our parents. we aren¡¯t vocal any more.i think maybe we¡¯re too tired. i believe that people like us are forgotten in america.¡±well, of course you believe you¡¯re forgotten, because you have been. this republican administration treats us as if we were pieces of a puzzle that can¡¯t fit together. they've tried to put us into compartments and separate us from each other. their political theory is ¡°divide and conquer.¡± they¡¯ve suggested time and time again that w hat is of interest to one group of americans is not of interest to any one else. we¡¯ve been isolated. we¡¯ve been lumped into that sad phraseology called ¡°special interests.¡± they¡¯ve told farmers that they were selfish, that they would drive up food prices if they asked the government tointervene on behalf of the family farm, and we watched farms go on the auction block while we bought food from foreign countries. well, that¡¯s wrong!they told working mothers it¡¯s all their fault -- their families are falling apart because they had to go to work to keep their kids in jeans and tennis shoes and college. and they¡¯re wrong!!they told american labor they were trying to ruin free enterprise by asking for 60 days¡¯ notice of plant closings, and that¡¯s wr ong. and they told the auto industry and the steel industry and the timber industry and the oil industry, companies being threatened by foreign products flooding this country, that you¡¯re protectionist if you think the government should enforce our trade laws. and that is wrong.when they belittle us for demanding clean air and clean water for trying to save the oceans and the ozone layer, that¡¯s wrong.no wonder we feel isolated and confused. we want answers and their answer is that "something is wrong with you." well nothing's wrong with you. nothing¡¯s wrong with you that you can¡¯t fix in november!we¡¯ve been told -- we¡¯ve been told that the interests of the south and the southwest are not the same interests as the north and the northeast. they pit one group against the other. they've divided this country, and in our isolation we think government isn¡¯t gonna help us, and we're alone in our feelings. we feel forgotten. well, the fact is that we are not anisolated piece of their puzzle. we are one nation. we are the united states of america.now, we democrats believe that america is still the county of fair play; that we can come out of a small town or a poor neighborhood and have the same chance as anyone else, and it doesn¡¯t matter whether we are bl ack or hispanic or disabled or a women [sic]. we believe that america is a country where small business owners must succeed, because they are the bedrock, backbone of our economy.we believe that our kids deserve good daycare and public schools. we believe our kids deserve public schools where students can learn and teachers can teach. and we wanna believe that our parents will have a good retirement and that we will too. we democrats believe that social security is a pact that can not be broken.we wanna believe that we can live out our lives without the terrible fear that an illness is going to bankrupt us and our children. we democrats believe that america can overcome any problem, including the dreaded disease called aids. we believe that america is still a country where there is more to life than just a constant struggle for money. and we believe that america must have leaders who show us that our struggles amount to something and contribute to something larger, leaders who want us to be all that we can be. we want leaders like jesse jackson.jesse jackson is a leader and a teacher who can open our hearts and openour minds and stir our very souls. and he has taught us that we are as good as our capacity for caring, caring about the drug problem, caring about crime, caring about education, and caring about each other. now, in contrast, the greatest nation of the free world has had a leader for eight straight years that has pretended that he can not hear our questions over the noise of the helicopters. and we know he doesn¡¯t wanna answer. but we have a lot of questions. and when we get our questions asked, or there is a leak, or an investigation the only answer we get is, ¡°i don¡¯t know,¡± or ¡°i forgot.¡±but you wouldn¡¯t accept that answer from your children. i wouldn¡¯t. don¡¯t tell me ¡°you don¡¯t know¡± or ¡°you forgot.¡± we're not going to have the america that we want until we elect leaders who are gonna tell the truth; not most days but every day; leaders who don¡¯t forget what they don¡¯t want to remember. and for eight straight years george bush hasn¡¯t displayed the slightest interest in anything we care about. and now that he's after a job he can¡¯t get appointed to, he's like columbus discovering america. he¡¯s found child care. he¡¯s found edu cation. poor george. he can¡¯t help it. he was born with a silver foot in his mouth. well, no wonder, no wonder we can¡¯t figure it out. because the leadership of this nation is telling us one thing on tv and doing something entirely different. they tell us, they tell us that they're fighting a war against terrorists. and then we find out that the white house is selling arms tothe ayatollah. they tell us that they¡¯re fighting a war on drugs and then people come on tv and testify that the cia and the dea and the fbi knew they were flying drugs into america all along. and they¡¯re negotiating with a dictator who is shoveling cocaine into this country like crazy.i guess that¡¯s their central american strategy.now, they tell us that employment rates are grea t, and that they¡¯re for equal opportunity. but we know it takes two paychecks to make ends meet today, when it used to take one. and the opportunity they¡¯re so proud of is low-wage, dead-end jobs. and there is no major city in america where you cannot see homeless men sitting in parking lots holding signs that say ¡°i will work for food.¡±now, my friends, we really are at a crucial point in american history. under this administration we have devoted our resources into making this country a military colos sus. but we¡¯ve let our economic lines of defense fall into disrepair. the debt of this nation is greater than it has ever been in our history. we fought a world war on less debt than the republicans have built up in the last eight years. you know, it¡¯s k ind of like that brother-in-law who drives a flashy new car but he¡¯s always borrowin' money from you to make the payments.well, but let¡¯s take what they are most proud of. that is their stand of defense. we democrats are committed to a strong america, and, quite frankly, when our leaders say to us, "we need a new weapons system," ourinclination is to say, ¡°well, they must be right.¡± but when we pay billions for plains that won¡¯t fly, billions for tanks that won¡¯t fire, and billions for systems that won¡¯t work, that old dog won¡¯t hunt. and you don¡¯t have to be from waco to know that when the pentagon makes crooks rich and doesn¡¯t make america strong, that it¡¯s a bum deal.now i¡¯m going to tell you i'm really glad that our young people missed the depression and missed the great big war. but i do regret that they missed the leaders that i knew, leaders who told us when things were tough, and that we¡¯d have to sacrifice, and that these difficulties might last for a while. they didn¡¯t tell us thing s were hard for us because we were different, or isolated, or special interests. they brought us together and they gave us a sense of national purpose. they gave us social security and they told us they were setting up a system where we could pay our own money in, and when the time came for our retirement we could take the money out. people in the rural areas were told that we deserved to have electric lights, and they were gonna harness the energy that was necessary to give us electricity so my grandmama d idn¡¯t have to carry that old coal oil lamp around.and they told us that they were going to guarantee when we put our money in the bank, that the money was going to be there, and it was going to be insured. they did not lie to us.and i think one of the saving graces of democrats is that we are candid.we talk straight talk. we tell people what we think. and that tradition and those values live today in michael dukakis from massachusetts. michael dukakis knows that this country is on the edge of a great new era, that we¡¯re not afraid of change, that we¡¯re for thoughtful, truthful, strong leadership. behind his calm there¡¯s an impatience to unify this country and to get on with the future. his instincts are deeply american. they¡¯re tough and they¡¯re gen erous. and personally, i have to tell you that i have never met a man who had a more remarkable sense about what is really important in life.and then there¡¯s my friend and my teacher for many years, senator lloyd bentsen. and i couldn¡¯t be prouder, both as a texan and as a democrat, because lloyd bentsen understands america. from the barrio to the boardroom, he knows how to bring us together, by regions, by economics, and by example. and he¡¯s already beaten george bush once. so, when it comes right down to it, this election is a contest between those who are satisfied with what they have and those who know we can do better. that¡¯s what this election is really all about. it¡¯s about the american dream -- those who want to keep it for the few and those who know it must be nurtured and passed along.i¡¯m a grandmother now. and i have one nearly perfect granddaughter named lily. and when i hold that grandbaby, i feel the continuity of life that unites us, that binds generation to generation, that ties us with eachother. and sometimes i spread that baptist pallet out on the floor, and lily and i roll a ball back and forth. and i think of all the families like mine, like the one in lorena, texas, like the ones that nurture children all across america. and as i look at lily, i know that it is within families that we learn both the need to respect individual human dignity and to work together for our common good. within our families, within our nation, it is the same.and as i sit there, i wonder if she¡¯ll ever grasp the changes i¡¯ve seen in my life -- if she¡¯ll ever believe that there was a time when blacks could not drink from public water fountains, when hispanic children were punished for speaking spanish in the public schools, and women couldn¡¯t vote.i t hink of all the political fights i¡¯ve fought, and all the compromises i¡¯ve had to accept as part payment. and i think of all the small victories that have added up to national triumphs; and all the things that would never have happened and all the people who would¡¯ve been left behind if we had not reasoned, and fought, and won those battles together. and i will tell lily that those triumphs were democratic party triumphs. i want so much to tell lily how far we¡¯ve come, you and i. and as the ball rolls back and forth, i want to tell her how very lucky she is that for all our difference, we are still the greatest nation on this good earth. and our strength lies in the men and women who go to work every day, who struggle。

米歇尔在民主党全国代表大会(Democratic National Convention, DNC)上的演讲2016(英文全文)

米歇尔在民主党全国代表大会(Democratic National Convention, DNC)上的演讲2016(英文全文)

米歇尔民主党全国代表大会演讲(英文)Thank you all. Thank you so much. You know, it’s hard to believe that it has been eight years since I first came to this convention to talk with you about why I thought my husband should be president.Remember how I told you about his character and convictions, his decency and his grace, the traits that we’ve seen every day that he’s served our country in the White House?I also told you about our daughters, how they are the heart of our hearts, the center of our world. And during our t ime in the White House, we’ve had the joy of watching them grow from bubbly little girls into poised young women, a journey that started soon after we arrived in Washington.When they set off for their first day at their new school, I will never forget that winter morning as I watched our girls, just 7 and 10 years old, pile into those black SUVs with all those big men with guns.And I saw their little faces pressed up against the window, and the only thing I could think was, what have we done?See, because at that moment I realized that our time in the White House would form the foundation for who they would become and how well we managed this experience could truly make or break them.That is what Barack and I think about every day as we try to guide and protect our girls through the challenges of this unusual life in the spotlight, how we urge them to ignore those who question their father’s citizenship or faith. How we insist that the hateful language they hear from public figures on TV does not represent the true spirit of this country. How we explain that when someone is cruel or acts like a bully, you don’t stoop to their level. No, our motto is, when they go low, we go high.With every word we utter, with every action we take, we know our kids are watching us. We as parents are their most important role models. And let me tell you, Barack and I take that same approach to our jobs as president and first lady because we know that our words and actions matter, not just to our girls, but the children across this country, kids who tell us I saw you on TV, I wrote a report on you for school. Kids like the little black boy who looked up at my husband, his eyes wide with hope and he wondered, is my hair like yours?And make no mistake about it, this November when we go to the polls that is what we’re deciding, not Democrat or Republican, not left or right. No, in this election and every election is about who will have the power to shape our children for the next four or eight years of their lives.And I am here tonight because in this election there is only one person who I trust with that responsibility, only one person who I believe is truly qualified to be president of the United States, and that is our friend Hillary Clinton.That’s right.See, I trust Hillary to lead this country because I’ve seen her lifelong devotion to our nation’s children, not just her own daughter, who she has raised to perfection, but every child who needs a champion, kids who take the long way to school to avoid the gangs, kids who wond er how they’ll ever afford college, kids whose parents don’tspeak a word of English, but dream of a better life, kids who look to us to determine who and what they can be.You see, Hillary has spent decades doing the relentless, thankless work to actually make a difference in their lives, advocating for kids with disabilities as a young lawyer, fighting for children’s health care as first lady, and for quality child care in the Senate.And when she didn’t win the nomination eight years ago, she didn’t get angry or disillusioned. Hillary did not pack up and go home, because as a true public servant Hillary knows that this is so much bigger than her own desires and disappointments. So she proudly stepped up to serve our country once again as secretary of state, traveling the globe to keep our kids safe.And look, there were plenty of moments when Hillary could have decided that this work was too hard, that the price of public service was too high, that she was tired of being picked apart for how she looks or how she talks or even how she laughs. But here’s the thing. What I admire most about Hillary is that she never buckles under pressure. She never takes the easy way out. And Hillary Clinton has never quit on anything in her life.And when I think about the kind of president that I want for my girls and all our children, that’s what I want.I want someone with the proven strength to persevere, someone who knows this job and takes it seriously, someone who understands that the issues a president faces are not black and white and cannot be boiled down to 140 characters.Because when you have the nuclear codes at your fingertips and the military in your command, you can’t make snap decisions. You can’t have a thin skin or a tendency to lash out. You need to be steady and measured and well-informed.I want a president with a record of public service, someone whose life’s work shows our children that we don’t chase fame and fortune for ourselves, we fight to give everyone a chance to succeed.And we give back even wh en we’re struggling ourselves because we know that there is always someone worse off. And there but for the grace of God go I.I want a president who will teach our children that everyone in this country matters, a president who truly believes in the vision that our Founders put forth all those years ago that we are all created equal, each a beloved part of the great American story. And when crisis hits, we don’t turn against each other. No, we listen to each other, we lean on each other, because we are always stronger together.And I am here tonight because I know that that is the kind of president that Hillary Clinton will be. And that’s why in this election I’m with her.You see, Hillary understands that the president is about one thing and one thing only, it’s about leaving something better for our kids. That’s how we’ve always moved this country forward, by all of us coming together on behalf of our children, folks who volunteer to coach that team, to teach that Sunday school class, because they know it takes a village.Heroes of every color and creed who wear the uniform and risk their lives to keep passing down those blessings of liberty, police officers and the protesters in Dallaswho all desperately want to keep our children safe. People who lined up in Orlando to donate blood because it could have been their son, their daughter in that club. Leaders like Tim Kaine who show our kids what decency and devotion look like. Leaders like Hillary Clinton who has the guts and the grace to keep coming back and putting those cracks in that highest and hardest glass ceiling until she finally breaks through, lifting all of us along with her.That is the story of this country, the story that has brought me to this stage tonight, the story of generations of people who felt the lash of bondage, the shame of servitude, the sting of segregation, but who kept on striving and hoping and doing what needed to be done so that today I wake up every morning in a house that was built by slaves. And I watch my daughters, two beautiful, intelligent, black young women playing with their dogs on the White House lawn.And because of Hillary Clinton, my daughters and all our sons and daughters now take for granted that a woman can be president of the United States.So, look, so don’t let anyone ever tell you that this country isn’t great, that somehow we need to make it great again. Because this right now is the greatest country on earth!And as my daughters prepare to set out into the world, I want a leader who is worthy of that truth, a leader who is worthy of my girls’ promise and all our kids’ promise, a leader who will be guided every day by the love and hope and impossibly big dreams that we all have for our children.So in this election, we cannot sit back and hope that everything works out for the best. We cannot afford to be tired or frustrated or cynical. No, hear me. Between now and November, we need to do what we did eight years ago and four years ago.We need to knock on every door, we need to get out every vote, we need to pour every last ounce of our passion and our strength and our love for this country into electing Hillary Clinton as president of the United States of America!So let’s get to work. Thank you all and God bless.。

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1988 democratic national convention keynote addressthank you. thank you. thank you, very much.good evening, ladies and gentlemen. buenas noches, mis amigos. twelve years ago barbara jordan, another texas woman, barbara made the keynote address to this convention, and two women in a hundred and sixty years is about par for the course.but, if you give us a chance, we can perform. after all, ginger rogers did everything that fred astaire did. she just did it backwards and in high heels.i want to announce to this nation that in a little more than 100 days, thereagan-meese-deaver-nofziger-poindexter-north-weinberger-watt-gors uch-lavelle-stockman-haig-bork-noriega-george bush [era] will be over!you know, tonight i feel a little like i did when i played basketball in the 8th grade. i thought i looked real cute in my uniform. and then i heard a boy yell from the bleachers, "make that basket, birdlegs!" and my greatest fear is that same guy is somewhere out there in the audience tonight, and he's going to cut me down to size. because where i grew up there really wasn¡¯t much tolerance for self-importance, people who put on airs.they talked about war and washington and what this country needed. they talked the straight talk. and it came from people who were living their lives as best they could. and that¡¯s what we¡¯re going to do tonight. we¡¯re going to tell how the cow ate the cabbage.well, of course you believe you¡¯re forgotten, because you have been. they told working mothers it¡¯s all their fault -- their families are falling apart because they had to go to work to keep their kids in jeans and tennis shoes and college. and they¡¯re wrong!!when they belittle us for demanding clean air and clean water for trying to save the oceans and the ozone layer, that¡¯s wrong.no wonder we feel isolated and confused. we want answers and their answer is that "something is wrong with you." well nothing's wrong with you. nothing¡¯s wrong with you that you can¡¯t fix in november!we¡¯ve been told -- we¡¯ve been told that the interests of the south and the southwest are not the same interests as the north and the northeast. they pit one group against the other. they've divided this country, and in our isolation we think government isn¡¯t gonna help us, and we're alone in our feelings. we feel forgotten. well, the fact is that we are not an isolated piece of their puzzle. we are one nation. we are the united states of america.we believe that our kids deserve good daycare and public schools. we believe our kids deserve public schools where students can learn and teachers can teach. and we wanna believe that our parents will havea good retirement and that we will too. we democrats believe that social security is a pact that can not be broken.jesse jackson is a leader and a teacher who can open our hearts and open our minds and stir our very souls. and he has taught us that we are as good as our capacity for caring, caring about the drug problem, caring about crime, caring about education, and caring about each other. now, in contrast, the greatest nation of the free world has had a leader for eight straight years that has pretended that he can not hear our questions over the noise of the helicopters. and we know he doesn¡¯t wanna answer. but we have a lot of questions. and when we get our questions asked, or there is a leak, or an investigation the only answer we get is, ¡°i don¡¯t know,¡± or ¡°i forgot.¡±but you wouldn¡¯t accept that answer from your children. i wouldn¡¯t. don¡¯t tell me ¡°you don¡¯t know¡± or ¡°you forgot.¡± we're not going to have the america that we want until we elect leaders who are gonna tell the truth; not most days but every day; leaders who don¡¯t forget what they don¡¯t want to remember. and for eight straight years george bush hasn¡¯t displayed the slightest interest in anything we care about. and now that he's after a job he can¡¯t get appointed to, he's like columbus discovering america. he¡¯s found child care. he¡¯s found education. poor george. he can¡¯t help it. he was born with a silver foot in his mouth.now, they tell us that employment rates are great, and that they¡¯re for equal opportunity. but we know it takes two paychecks to make ends meet today, when it used to take one. and the opportunity they¡¯re so proud of is low-wage, dead-end jobs. and there is no major city in america where you cannot see homeless men sitting in parking lots holding signs that say ¡°i will work for food.¡±now, my friends, we really are at a crucial point in american history. under this administration we have devoted our resources into making this country a military colossus. but we¡¯ve let our economic lines of defense fall into disrepair. the debt of this nation is greater than it has ever been in our history. we fought a world war on less debt than the republicans have built up in the last eight years. you know, it¡¯s kind of like that brother-in-law who drives a flashy new car but he¡¯s always borrowin' money from you to make the payments.now i¡¯m going to tell you i'm really glad that our young people missed the depression and missed the great big war. but i do regret that they missed the leaders that i knew, leaders who told us when things were tough, and that we¡¯d have to sacrifice, and that these difficulties might last for a while. they didn¡¯t tell us things were hard for us because we were different, or isolated, or special interests. they brought us together and they gave us a sense of national purpose. they gave us social security and they told us they were setting up a systemwhere we could pay our own money in, and when the time came for our retirement we could take the money out. people in the rural areas were told that we deserved to have electric lights, and they were gonna harness the energy that was necessary to give us electricity so my grandmama didn¡¯t have to carry that old coal oil lamp around.and they told us that they were going to guarantee when we put our money in the bank, that the money was going to be there, and it was going to be insured. they did not lie to us.and i think one of the saving graces of democrats is that we are candid. we talk straight talk. we tell people what we think. and that tradition and those values live today in michael dukakis from massachusetts. michael dukakis knows that this country is on the edge of a great new era, that we¡¯re not afraid of change, that we¡¯re for thoughtful, truthful, strong leadership. behind his calm there¡¯s an impatience to unify this country and to get on with the future. his instincts are deeply american. they¡¯re tough and they¡¯re generous. and personally, i have to tell you that i have never met a man who had a more remarkable sense about what is really important in life.and as i sit there, i wonder if she¡¯ll ever grasp the changes i¡¯ve seen in my life -- if she¡¯ll ever believe that there was a time when blacks could not drink from public water fountains, when hispanic children were punished for speaking spanish in the public schools, and women couldn¡¯t vote.i just hope that like her grandparents and her great-grandparents before that lily goes on to raise her kids with the promise that echoes in homes all across america: that we can do better, and that¡¯s what this election is all about.thank you very much.。

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