In vitro investigation of the effect of dairy propionibacteria on rumen pH lactic acid and

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文献检索题(1)

单选1。

《中国图书馆分类法》将所有学科分为（）个基本大类。

A。

15B.18C.80D。

222.( ）是记录有知识的一切载体.A。

信息B.情报C.文献D。

知识3。

以下数据来源中经过主题标引的是( )A.MedlineB。

preMedlineC。

PSCD。

publine4.医学文献检索领域里最具权威性的主题词表是美国国立医学图书馆编制的( ）.A。

MeSHB。

MedLineC.IMD.PubMed5.下列检索出文献量最少的检索式是( ）A.A and BB。

A or BC.A and B and CD.(A or B) and C6.下列检索出文献量最多的检索式是（）A。

A and BB。

A or BC。

（A or B） not CD.(A or B) and C7。

起着扩大检索范围的逻辑运算符是（）A。

逻辑“与”B。

逻辑“或”C。

逻辑“非"D。

括号(）8。

按照文献获取的难易程度分,内容完全不公开的信息资源属于（）文献 A。

无色B.白色C.灰色D.黑色9。

按照文献的加工程度分,《医学文献信息检索实用教程》属于（ )A。

零次文献B。

一次文献C.二次文献D。

三次文献10.下列哪种文献属于二次文献（ ).（1分）A.专利文献B。

学位论文C。

会议文献D.目录11。

以下检索语言中基于文献内容特征的是（）。

（1分）A.作者B.作者单位C.分类语言D。

刊名12。

哪个途径是从文献的内部特征进行检索的（ )。

A.分类途径B.发表年份途径C.作者途径D。

刊名途径13。

下列属于文献外表特征的是（）。

（1分）A。

文献的分类号B。

文献的主题词C。

文献的关键词D.文献的作者14.（）是指能代表文献或课题的主要内容,具有实质意义，规范化的词或词组。

A.标题词B。

主题词C。

副主题词D。

关键词15。

( ）是指能代表文献或课题主要内容或主要内容的某一方面,具有一定实质意义的词或词组。

A.标题词B。

主题词C.叙词D。

关键词16。

碧云天生物技术一氧化氮检测试剂盒说明书

碧云天生物技术/Beyotime Biotechnology 订货热线：400-1683301或800-8283301 订货e-mail ：******************技术咨询：*****************网址：碧云天网站微信公众号一氧化氮检测试剂盒产品编号产品名称包装 S0021S 一氧化氮检测试剂盒 500次 S0021M一氧化氮检测试剂盒2500次产品简介：碧云天生产的一氧化氮检测试剂盒采用了经典的Griess Reagent ，并对其测定的溶液体系进行了优化，使检测下限达到1µM ，在1-100µM 范围内有非常完美的线性关系。

检测速度极快，完成一条标准曲线或5-10个样品的测定只需3分钟。

样品范围广，可以检测细胞或组织及其培养液中的一氧化氮的含量，酚红和10%血清均对测定无明显干扰，也可以检测血清、血浆和尿液中一氧化氮的含量。

包装清单：产品编号产品名称包装 S0021S-1 1M NaNO 2 1ml S0021S-2 Griess Reagent I 25ml S0021S-3 Griess Reagent II25ml —说明书1份产品编号产品名称包装 S0021M-1 1M NaNO 2 1ml S0021M-2 Griess Reagent I 125ml S0021M-3Griess Reagent II125ml —说明书1份保存条件：-20ºC 避光保存，一年有效。

4ºC 避光保存，半年有效。

注意事项：本产品对人体有害，操作时请小心，并注意有效防护以避免直接接触人体或吸入体内。

如保存不当导致溶液变色或沉淀，则说明该溶液已经失效，请购买新的试剂盒。

不建议使用RIPA 裂解液对细胞或者组织进行裂解，使用RIPA 裂解液可能在后续反应中产生沉淀，影响测试。

推荐使用碧云天的细胞与组织裂解液(一氧化氮检测用)(S3090)或Western 及IP 细胞裂解液(P0013)。

胶原蛋白：迷思与真相

胶原蛋白：迷思与真相本期特邀博⼠｜马晓瑜The applications of collagen胶原蛋白分布于皮肤、骨骼、粘膜等各个组织中，是人体必不可少的基质组成。

在皮肤中，胶原蛋白更是在维持年轻态中扮演了重要角色。

随着合成生物学在国内的发展，重组人源化胶原蛋白不断出现在研究与新闻中。

对于胶原蛋白，海量的信息中既藏有真相、也夹带着误解。

那么，到底应该如何客观看待胶原蛋白这一成分呢？本期的“博士开讲”栏目，《中国化妆品》杂志社邀请到马晓瑜博士，为大家揭示胶原蛋白的真相。

荷兰莱顿大学、法国国家重点实验室(LabEx LERMIT)、巴黎萨克雷大学、中科院上海有机化学研究所、中国药科大学等科研院所从事多年生物医药科研转化工作，研究经历涵盖糖化学生物学、天然产物药物及合成化学领域创新药物及活性分子设计合成与筛选验证。

《中国化妆品》智库专家。

彗柏生物创始人。

98ChinaCosmetics ReviewPart 1什么是胶原蛋白？胶原蛋白，英文名称为Collagen，源于希腊语“Kolla”和“Genos”，原意为“生成胶的产物”。

如今，人们对胶原蛋白已经有了更深入的了解：这是一种结构蛋白，广泛存在于骨骼、肌腱、关节和皮肤等结缔组织中[1]。

尤其在哺乳动物中，胶原蛋白含量丰富，约占体内总蛋白质质量的30%。

胶原蛋白由氨基酸组成，其中最主要的氨基酸为甘氨酸（Gly），脯氨酸（Pro）和羟脯氨酸（Hyp）。

由于分子间作用力，氨基酸链缠绕形成三股螺旋，形成了胶原蛋白有别于其他基质蛋白的特征性结构[2]。

基于不同的亚基组成，人们目前已经发现了28种不同的胶原蛋白，并根据其分子结构和功能进一步归类为纤维胶原蛋白、纤维结合胶原蛋白、基底膜胶原蛋白、长链胶原蛋白、短链胶原蛋白、以及跨膜胶原蛋白等[3]。

其中，I 型胶原在所有胶原中含量最⾼，起到结构支持的作用；III 型胶原在新生儿皮肤中含量较⾼，人们认为其有修护功能；IV型胶原是基底膜网状结构的主要组成成分；VII 型胶原起锚定功能，能够改善表皮与真皮层的连接；XVII型胶原则是一种跨膜胶原，在改善皮肤衰老、促进毛发再生中具有潜在应用。

做一顶实验的英语作文三百字

做一顶实验的英语作文三百字Designing an Experiment to Investigate the Effect of a Novel Compound on Cancer Cell Growth.Introduction.Cancer is a complex and devastating disease that remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Despite significant advancements in cancer research, effective treatments for many types of cancer are still lacking. Therefore, there is a critical need for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to combat this disease.Hypothesis.The hypothesis of this experiment is that a novel compound, designated as Compound X, will inhibit the growth of cancer cells.Materials and Methods.Cell Line Selection.The experiment will be conducted using a well-established human cancer cell line, such as HeLa or A549 cells. These cell lines are known for their rapid growth and ease of handling.Compound Preparation.Compound X will be prepared as a stock solution in a suitable solvent, such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The concentration of the stock solution will be determined based on the solubility and potency of the compound.Cell Culture.Cancer cells will be seeded in 96-well plates and allowed to attach overnight. The cells will then be treated with varying concentrations of Compound X or vehiclecontrol (DMSO only) for 24, 48, or 72 hours.Cell Viability Assay.After treatment, cell viability will be assessed usinga standard assay, such as the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. This assay measures the metabolic activity of cells, which correlates with cell viability.Data Analysis.The data from the cell viability assay will be analyzed using statistical software. Half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values, which represent the concentration of Compound X required to inhibit cell growth by 50%, will be calculated.Time Course Experiments.To investigate the time-dependent effects of Compound X, cells will be treated for different durations, ranging from 6 to 72 hours. The cell viability will be assessed at each time point to determine the optimal treatment time.Dose-Response Experiments.To determine the optimal dose of Compound X, cells will be treated with a range of concentrations, from 0.1 μM to 10 μM. The cell viability will be assessed to identify the concentration that produces the most significant growth inhibitory effect.Conclusion.The results of this experiment will provide valuable information about the potential of Compound X as a novel cancer therapeutic agent. If Compound X effectivelyinhibits cancer cell growth in vitro, it will warrant further investigation in preclinical animal models to assess its efficacy and safety in vivo.。

HPV_感染与宫颈病变患者免疫调节失衡及细胞异常增殖状态的相关性

by activating Nrf2/GPX4defense pathway[J].CNS NeurosciTher,2021,27(9):1023-1040.[7]㊀Rowell SE,Meier EN,McKnight B,et al.Effect of out-of-hospital tranexamic acid vs placebo on6-month functionalneurologic outcomes in patients with moderate or severe trau-matic brain injury[J].JAMA,2020,324(10):961-974.[8]㊀Qin HZ,Chu AQ,Sun J,et al.Analysis of risk factors forstress ulcer after acute cerebral hemorrhage surgery and con-struction of a nomograph prediction model[J]ChineseJournal of Modern Neurology,2022,22(5):414-421.[9]㊀Wang F.Analysis of the effect of traditional Chinese medi-cine characteristic nursing on the prevention of stress ulcerin patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage of qi deficiencyand blood stasis type[J].Abstract of the World's LatestMedical Information(Continuous Electronic Journal),2019,19(52):338-339.[10]㊀Li MY,Wang Cj,Sun N.Hemodynamic changes in cerebralhemorrhage stress ulcer[J]Medical Aesthetic Beauty,2019,28(1):17-18[11]㊀Sun Y,Zheng J,Yi J,et al.Investigation on the effects andmechanisms of alkaline natural mineral water and distilledwater on ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in vivo and in vitro[J].Processes,2022,10(3):498.[12]㊀Abd-Alla HI,Ibrahim Fouad G,Ahmed KA,et al.Alloim-peratorin from ammi majus fruits mitigates piroxicam-pro-voked gastric ulcer and hepatorenal toxicity in rats via sup-pressing oxidative stress and apoptosis[J].Biomarkers,2022,27(8):727-742.[13]㊀Danisman B,Cicek B,Yildirim S,et al.Carnosic acid amel-iorates indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration in rats byalleviating oxidative stress and inflammation[J].Biomedi-cines,2023,11(3):829.ʌ文章编号ɔ1006-6233(2023)08-1274-06HPV感染与宫颈病变患者免疫调节失衡及细胞异常增殖状态的相关性侯㊀颖,㊀李艳梅,㊀李秀兰,㊀刘㊀青(首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院妇科,㊀北京㊀100069)ʌ摘㊀要ɔ目的:探讨人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染与宫颈病变患者免疫调节失衡及细胞异常增殖状态的关系㊂方法:选取2020年1月至2022年4月在我院治疗的高危HPV感染宫颈病变患者56例(高危HPV组),低危HPV感染宫颈病变患者51例(低危HPV组),HPV阴性宫颈病变患者57例(HPV阴性组),同时选取健康体检女性60例(正常组),比较各组细胞及体液免疫指标㊁细胞因子㊁p16蛋白㊁Ki67蛋白㊁Prdx4mRNA和STAT3mRNA差异㊂结果:高危HPV组㊁低危HPV组CD4+细胞㊁免疫球蛋白G(IgG)和免疫球蛋白A(IgA)明显低于HPV阴性组和正常组(P<0.05),且高危HPV组CD4+细胞㊁IgG和IgA明显低于低危HPV组(P<0.05)㊂高危HPV组㊁低危HPV组白细胞介素-2(IL-2)明显低于HPV阴性组和正常组(P<0.05),且高危HPV组IL-2明显低于低危HPV组(P<0.05);高危HPV 组㊁低危HPV组白细胞介素-4(IL-4)㊁白细胞介素-17(IL-17)和转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)明显高于HPV阴性组和正常组(P<0.05),且高危HPV组IL-4㊁IL-17和TGF-b明显高于低危HPV组(P<0.05)㊂高危HPV组㊁低危HPV组p16㊁Ki67蛋白阳性表达率明显高于HPV阴性组和正常组(P<0.05)㊂高危HPV组㊁低危HPV组Prdx4和STAT3mRNA相对表达量明显高于HPV阴性组和正常组(P<0.05),且高危HPV组Prdx4和STAT3mRNA相对表达量明显高于低危HPV组(P<0.05)㊂结论:HPV感染加重宫颈病变患者免疫调节失衡,促进宫颈细胞异常增殖,尤其在高危型HPV感染中,上述作用更加明显㊂ʌ关键词ɔ㊀人乳头瘤病毒;㊀宫颈病变;㊀免疫调节;㊀细胞增殖ʌ文献标识码ɔ㊀A㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀ʌdoiɔ10.3969/j.issn.1006-6233.2023.08.08Correlation of HPV Infection with Immunoregulatory Imbalance and Abnormal Cell Proliferation in Patients with Cervical Lesions㊃4721㊃ʌ基金项目ɔ中国中医科学院科研创新工程项目,(编号:C12021A02102)ʌ通讯作者ɔ刘㊀青HOU Ying,LI Yanmei,LI Xiulan,et al(Beijing You'an Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing100069,China)ʌAbstractɔObjective:To investigate the relationship between human papillomavirus(HPV)infection and immune dysregulation and abnormal cell proliferation in cervical lesions.Methods:In order to investigate this relationship,a study was conducted from January2020to April2022,in which56cases of high-risk HPV-infected cervical lesion patients(high-risk HPV group),51cases of low-risk HPV-infected cervical lesion patients(low-risk HPV group),57cases of HPV-negative cervical lesion patients(HPV-negative group),and60healthy women(normal group)were selected.The cellular and humoral immune indicators, cytokines,p16protein,Ki67protein,Prdx4mRNA,and STAT3mRNA were compared among the groups. Results:The CD4+cells,immunoglobulin G(IgG),and immunoglobulin A(IgA)levels were significantly lower in the high-risk HPV group and low-risk HPV group than in the HPV-negative group and normal group (P<0.05).Furthermore,the levels of CD4+cells,IgG and IgA were significantly lower in the high-risk HPV group than in the low-risk HPV group(P<0.05).The levels of interleukin-2(IL-2)were significant-ly lower in the high-risk HPV group and low-risk HPV group than in the HPV-negative group and normal group(P<0.05),with the high-risk HPV group showing significantly lower IL-2levels than the low-risk HPV group(P<0.05).The levels of interleukin-4(IL-4),interleukin-17(IL-17),and transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)were significantly higher in the high-risk HPV group and low-risk HPV group than in the HPV-negative group and normal group(P<0.05),with the high-risk HPV group showing signifi-cantly higher levels of IL-4,IL-17,and TGF-βthan the low-risk HPV group(P<0.05).The positive ex-pression rates of p16and Ki67proteins were significantly higher in the high-risk HPV group and low-risk HPV group than in the HPV-negative group and normal group(P<0.05).The relative expression levels of Prdx4and STAT3mRNA were significantly higher in the high-risk HPV group and low-risk HPV group than in the HPV-negative group and normal group(P<0.05),with the high-risk HPV group showing significantly higher levels of Prdx4and STAT3mRNA than the low-risk HPV group(P<0.05).Conclusion:HPV infec-tion exacerbates immune dysregulation and promotes abnormal cell proliferation in cervical lesion patients,par-ticularly in high-risk HPV infections.ʌKey wordsɔ㊀Human papillomavirus;㊀Cervical lesions;㊀Immune regulation;㊀Cell proliferation㊀㊀人乳头瘤病毒(Human papillomavirus,HPV)是一种引起皮肤和黏膜上皮增生的病毒,其主要症状包括寻常疣和生殖器疣[1]㊂宫颈病变是宫颈区域出现的炎症㊁损伤和肿瘤等病变[2]㊂HPV持续感染与宫颈病变的发生和发展密切相关,因为相关基因产物会干扰细胞周期的正常调节,导致细胞不断增殖,可能导致病情恶化㊂此外,不同类型的HPV具有不同的危险程度和危害程度㊂目前研究发现宫颈病变发生的直接原因是HPV导致机体免疫调节紊乱及细胞异常增殖[3],通过改变宫颈组织的免疫环境,刺激细胞无限增殖,但具体机制尚未明确㊂故本研究探讨HPV感染与宫颈病变患者免疫调节失衡及细胞异常增殖状态的关系,旨在了解该病患者机体免疫调节及细胞功能变化,为宫颈病变的临床治疗提供有效的理论依据㊂1㊀资料与方法1.1㊀一般资料:选取2020年1月至2022年4月在我院治疗的高危HPV感染宫颈病变患者56例(高危HPV组,高危HPV指HPV16㊁18㊁31㊁33㊁35㊁39㊁45㊁51㊁52㊁56㊁58㊁59㊁68型等),低危HPV感染宫颈病变患者51例(低危HPV组,低危HPV指HPV6㊁11㊁40㊁42㊁43㊁44㊁54㊁61㊁72㊁81㊁89型等),HPV阴性宫颈病变患者57例(HPV阴性组),纳入标准:①宫颈病变均经病理学确诊CINⅠ级病变及以上;②既往无宫颈治疗史;③初次就诊者;④患者及家属知情同意㊂排除标准:①合并有其他系统恶性肿瘤者㊁肝肾功能障碍㊁自身免疫系统疾病等其他严重疾病;②近3个月有全身感染性疾病者㊂同时选取健康体检女性60例(正常组),纳入标准:①无宫颈病变及宫颈治疗史;②受试者知情同意㊂排除标准:①合并有其他系统恶性肿瘤者㊁肝肾功能障碍㊁自身免疫系统疾病等其他严重疾病;②近3个月有全身感染性疾病者㊂各组受试者临床一般资料比较见表1,具有可比性㊂㊃5721㊃表1㊀各组临床一般资料比较[ xʃs,n(%)]组别例数年龄(岁)体质量指数(kg/m2)病变分级CINⅠ级㊀㊀㊀CINⅡ级㊀㊀㊀CINⅢ级㊀㊀㊀宫颈癌高危HPV组5657.79ʃ9.9222.16ʃ2.1115(26.79)22(39.29)11(19.64)8(14.29)低危HPV组5158.93ʃ9.1522.02ʃ2.0514(27.45)20(39.22)10(19.61)7(13.73) HPV阴性组5760.02ʃ8.8922.61ʃ1.9616(28.07)21(36.84)12(21.05)8(14.04)正常组6059.11ʃ9.6022.17ʃ2.16----F/c20.5350.8470.117P0.6590.47 1.0001.2㊀检查方法1.2.1㊀外周血免疫指标检测:入院后采集患者外周空腹静脉血10mL2管,1管1000ˑg离心10min,取上层血清,-20ħ冰箱保存,采用免疫浊度法检测IgA㊁IgG㊁IgM水平(试剂盒购自武汉塞维尔生物科技公司)㊂另1管采用BD FACSCelestaTM流式细胞仪检测外周血CD3+㊁CD4+㊁CD8+百分比㊂1.2.2㊀细胞因子检测:入组即刻,获取患者宫颈组织标本,碾磨后加入PBS液㊁1000ˑg离心10min,取上清液,酶联免疫法检测外周血细胞因子IL-2㊁IL-4㊁IL-17㊁TGF-β水平(试剂盒选自上海森雄科技实业有限公司)㊂1.2.3㊀免疫组织化学法检测:检查或术后,采集病变组织标本,甲醛固定,石蜡包埋后制作切片,进行p16㊁Ki67染色,免疫组织化学染色采用SP法处理㊂1.2.4㊀增殖基因表达量检测:检查中采取可疑病灶区域宫颈组织标本,应用荧光定量PCR法检测并计算增殖相关基因Prdx4和STAT3mRNA表达量㊂(选自美国Sigma公司试剂盒)㊂1.3㊀统计学处理:数据统计分析采用SPSS22.0软件,计量资料包括:年龄㊁体质量指数㊁免疫功能指标等,数据以( xʃs)表示,单因素方差分析组间指标差异,两两比较采用LSD-t检验;疾病类型采用n(%)表示,χ2检验分析组间指标差异㊂组间比较P<0.05可认为指标差异有统计学意义,χ2检验两两比较校正P为0. 008㊂2㊀结㊀果2.1㊀各组细胞和体液免疫指标比较:高危HPV组㊁低危HPV组CD4+细胞㊁IgG和IgA明显低于HPV阴性组和正常组(P<0.05),且高危HPV组CD4+细胞㊁IgG 和IgA明显低于低危HPV组(P<0.05);高危HPV 组㊁低危HPV组㊁HPV阴性组和正常组CD3+细胞㊁CD8+细胞㊁IgM比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)㊂见表2㊂表2㊀各组细胞和体液免疫指标比较( xʃs)组别例数CD3+(%)CD4+(%)CD8+(%)lgG(g/L)lgA(g/L)lgM(g/L)高危HPV组5662.54ʃ4.8318.28ʃ2.38abc31.67ʃ4.177.19ʃ1.01abc 1.78ʃ0.65abc 1.53ʃ0.29低危HPV组5161.02ʃ5.0422.12ʃ2.19ab31.19ʃ4.609.23ʃ0.98ab 2.01ʃ0.80ab 1.50ʃ0.32 HPV阴性组5763.11ʃ5.1926.68ʃ2.40a31.80ʃ4.8211.16ʃ1.04a 2.71ʃ0.63a 1.55ʃ0.34正常组6062.93ʃ5.4030.20ʃ3.1530.92ʃ4.0513.13ʃ1.22 3.21ʃ0.79 1.52ʃ0.30F 1.819234.9580.501325.95947.1750.24P0.145<0.0010.682<0.001<0.0010.869㊀㊀注:a与正常组比较P<0.05;b与HPV阴性组比较P<0.05;c与低危HPV组比较P<0.05㊃6721㊃2.2㊀各组细胞因子比较:高危HPV组㊁低危HPV组IL-2明显低于HPV阴性组和正常组(P<0.05),且高危HPV组IL-2明显低于低危HPV组(P<0.05);高危HPV组㊁低危HPV组IL-4㊁IL-17和TGF-β明显高于HPV阴性组和正常组(P<0.05),且高危HPV组IL-4㊁IL-17和TGF-β明显高于低危HPV组(P<0.05)㊂见表3㊂表3㊀各组细胞因子比较( xʃs)组别例数IL-2(pg/mL)IL-4(pg/mL)IL-17(pg/mL)TGF-β(pg/mL)高危HPV组5610.20ʃ3.12abc22.32ʃ5.54abc140.30ʃ24.43abc40.43ʃ5.54abc 低危HPV组5119.29ʃ3.32ab16.37ʃ4.43ab110.45ʃ21.19ab24.45ʃ6.01ab HPV阴性组5725.59ʃ4.01a10.12ʃ3.18a89.29ʃ20.52a18.28ʃ5.49a 正常组6031.16ʃ4.82 5.69ʃ2.0159.29ʃ21.4610.04ʃ4.76 F304.279191.79139.84320.255P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001㊀㊀注:a与正常组比较P<0.05;b与HPV阴性组比较P<0.05;c与低危HPV组比较P<0.052.3㊀各组p16㊁Ki67蛋白阳性率比较:高危HPV组㊁低危HPV组p16㊁Ki67蛋白阳性表达率明显高于HPV阴性组和正常组(P<0.05);HPV阴性组p16㊁Ki67蛋白阳性表达率明显高于正常组(P<0.05);高危HPV组和低危HPV组p16㊁Ki67蛋白阳性表达率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)㊂见表4㊂表4㊀各组p16Ki67蛋白阳性表达率比较n(%)组别例数p16蛋白阳性表达Ki67蛋白阳性表达高危HPV组5645(80.36)ab42(75.00)ab 低危HPV组5136(70.59)ab35(68.63)ab HPV阴性组5734(59.65)a32(56.14)a正常组609(15.00)7(11.67)χ248.23256.992P<0.001<0.001㊀㊀注:a与正常组比较P<0.008;b与HPV阴性组比较P<0. 0082.4㊀各组Prdx4㊁STAT3mRNA表达比较:高危HPV组㊁低危HPV组Prdx4和STAT3mRNA相对表达量明显高于HPV阴性组和正常组(P<0.05),且高危HPV 组Prdx4和STAT3mRNA相对表达量明显高于低危HPV组(P<0.05)㊂见表5㊂表5㊀各组Prdx4和STAT3mRNA相对表达量比较( xʃs)组别例数Prdx4mRNA相对表达量STAT3相对表达量高危HPV组56 1.89ʃ0.32abc 1.69ʃ0.22abc 低危HPV组51 1.40ʃ0.22ab 1.37ʃ0.21ab HPV阴性组57 1.21ʃ0.25a 1.24ʃ0.19a 正常组60 1.01ʃ0.20 1.02ʃ0.18F128.742112.968P<0.001<0.001㊀㊀注:a与正常组比较P<0.05;b与HPV阴性组比较P<0. 05;c与低危HPV组比较P<0.053㊀讨㊀论HPV是宫颈病变的主要病因[4]㊂HPV可在85% ~95%的宫颈癌患者癌组织中检出[5]㊂其机制为HPV 通过黏膜感染靶细胞,紊乱正常细胞周期,促使病变组织形成[6]㊂T淋巴细胞介导的细胞免疫反应能使肿瘤细胞增值㊁控制肿瘤生长受到抑制㊂其中CD4+T淋巴细胞能识别抗原㊁激活免疫细胞及生成抗体抵抗肿瘤生长,并与CD8+T细胞协同参与机体免疫调节[7]㊂T细胞代表机体免疫总水平,且外周血和宫颈局部免疫情况一致㊂本研究结果表示,宫颈病变患者感染HPV后,CD8+无显著变化,但CD4+明显降低,与既往研究[8]报道相似,说明患者T细胞的辅助及诱导功能下降,增强抑制和㊃7721㊃杀伤作用并使细胞免疫功能造成损伤,导致患者感染程度加深㊂且CD4+随着HPV持续感染进一步降低,加重细胞免疫功能损伤㊂可能机制为:①HPV的早期蛋白过度参与机体局部免疫调节作用,进而导致免疫识别和清除功能降低;②感染过程中CD4+T细胞减少,抑制了机体抗肿瘤免疫作用,使宫颈组织局部免疫微环境失调[9,10]㊂本实验结果表明HPV阳性宫颈病变患者血液IgG㊁IgA浓度比HPV阴性和对照组明显降低,高危感染者两项指标降低更明显,说明患者感染HPV后体液免疫功能受损,无法产生足量中和抗体将病毒清除,最终造成感染及宫颈病变发生㊂IL-2由Th1分泌,主要参与细胞免疫;IL-4㊁IL-17由Th2分泌,主要参与体液免疫,IFN-β激活协调机体免疫系统,调控Th1/Th2平衡[11]㊂三者密切配合调控机体免疫功能㊂本实验中高危HPV组㊁低危HPV 组IL-2明显低于HPV阴性组和正常组(P<0.05),说明患者机体Th1型细胞功能受到抑制,高危HPV组㊁低危HPV组IL-4㊁IL-17和TGF-β明显高于HPV阴性组和正常组(P<0.05),机体Th2型细胞过度兴奋, Th1/Th2失衡,免疫功能紊乱㊂本研究指出,持续感染增加紊乱程度㊂说明上述细胞功能增强与宫颈病变密切相关,且高危型HPV感染可此病变加剧㊁促进宫颈组织恶变产生㊂p16可调控细胞周期,常见于恶性病变的分子事件㊂正常上皮细胞内p16表达水平极低,但病变组织中p16显著表达㊂本研究中高危HPV组㊁低危HPV 组p16㊁Ki67蛋白阳性表达率明显高于HPV阴性组和正常组(P<0.05);HPV阴性组p16㊁Ki67蛋白阳性表达率明显高于正常组(P<0.05);佐证了上述观点故推测在p16高表达可促使宫颈病变㊂Ki67调控细胞周期蛋白,但其作用机制尚未明确,但已证实Ki67是病变细胞主要的增殖标志物㊂Ki67只在病变上皮细胞中增强表达㊂本研究中宫颈病变患者p16㊁Ki67蛋白呈高表达,且与患者HPV感染明显相关㊂说明Ki67参与了宫颈病变的发生与发展,且患者感染HPV风险随着p16㊁Ki67蛋白表达升高而增加,故可将p16㊁Ki67蛋白的动态监测结果作为宫颈病变的生物学检测指标㊂免疫环境改变能使宫颈细胞增殖活性受到影响,衡量细胞恶变风险的重要方法是检测相关基因具体表达量㊂氧化应激诱导的Prdx4增加可导致细胞免于凋亡并促使肿瘤发生㊂STAT3mRNA可调控细胞增殖㊁分化等基因表达并参与恶性肿瘤的进展,其高表达能使细胞增殖并阻碍细胞凋亡㊂本次研究结果表示:与低危型HPV感染组及正常对照组比较,高危HPV组㊁低危HPV组Prdx4和STAT3mRNA相对表达量明显高于HPV阴性组和正常组(P<0.05),且高危HPV组Prdx4和STAT3mRNA相对表达量明显高于低危HPV组(P< 0.05)㊂证实HPV感染显著增加宫颈细胞增殖活力,且随着病变程度与恶性程度呈逐渐增强,甚至导致肿瘤的发生㊂综上所述:HPV感染加重宫颈病变患者免疫调节失衡,促进宫颈细胞异常增殖,尤其在高危型HPV感染中,上述作用更加明显㊂本实验存在不足:本研究仅探讨了HPV感染组免疫功能变化,未进一步将HPV 感染类型的免疫功能变化进行分析,且相关机制还需进一步临床研究㊂ʌ参考文献ɔ[1]㊀Szymonowicz KA,Chen J.Biological and clinical aspects ofHPV-related cancers[J].Cancer Biol Med,2020,17(4):864-878.[2]㊀Zheng JJ,Miao JR,Wu Q,et al.Correlation between HPV-negative cervical lesions and cervical microenvironment[J].Taiwan Obstet Gynecol,2020,59(6):855-861.[3]㊀许艳茹,林景涛,周正维,等.CT㊁NG与HPV感染的关系及与宫颈病变发生的相关性[J].分子诊断与治疗杂志, 2022,14(12):2215-2218.[4]㊀McBride AA.Human papillomaviruses:diversity,infectionand host interactions[J].Nat Rev Microbiol,2022,20(2):95-108[5]㊀Jee B,Yadav R,Pankaj S,et al.Immunology of HPV-media-ted cervical cancer:current understanding[J].Int Rev Immu-nol,2021,40(5):359-378[6]㊀樊慧清.P16㊁Ki67在不同级别宫颈上皮内病变的表达及宫颈锥切术后HPV持续感染的影响因素[D].河北医科大学,2021.[7]㊀Piyathilake CJ,Badiga S,Burkholder GA,et al.The accuracyof HPV genotyping in isolation and in combination with CD4and HIV viral load for the identification of HIV-infectedwomen at risk for developing cervical cancer[J].CancerMed,2021,10(5):1900-1909.[8]㊀张永会,胡红娟,彭强丽,等.健脾解毒方治疗对HR-HPV持续性感染患者外周血CD4+㊁CD8+及HR-HPV DNA表达水平的影响[J].中华医院感染学志,2021,31(10): 1470-1475.[9]㊀窦艳艳,杨凤杰.人乳头瘤病毒感染阳性的宫颈癌患者血清T细胞亚群水平变化[J].中国卫生工程学,2022,21(3):483-485.[10]㊀Meng JW,Song JH.Association between interleukin-2,in-terleukin-10,secretory immunoglobulin A and immunoglob-㊃8721㊃ulin G expression in vaginal fluid and human papilloma vi-rus outcome in patients with cervical lesions [J ].Oncol Lett ,2019,18(5):5543-5548.[11]㊀杨广丽.阴道灌洗液中IL -6㊁IL -17㊁IFN -γ㊁TGF -β检测在宫颈高危型HPV 感染患者中的临床意义[J ].中国现代医药杂志,2020,22(7):23-26.ʌ文章编号ɔ1006-6233(2023)08-1279-05血清IL -32sRAGE 及NLR 与多发性骨髓瘤合并肾损伤的相关性分析姜㊀铭1,㊀徐㊀娟1,㊀丁林林1,㊀贲海祥1,㊀尹㊀红2(1.江苏省如皋市人民医院,㊀江苏㊀如皋㊀2265002.南通大学附属医院血液病研究室,㊀江苏㊀南通㊀226000)ʌ摘㊀要ɔ目的:探讨血清白细胞介素-32(IL -32)㊁可溶性晚期糖基化终末产物受体(sRAGE )及中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR )与多发性骨髓瘤(MM )合并肾损伤的相关性分析㊂方法:选取2020年6月至2022年6月如皋市人民医院诊治的82例MM 患者作为观察组,并根据患者肾功能情况分为肾损伤组(n =27)和非肾损伤组(n =55),同期选取41例健康体检者设立为健康对照组㊂对比IL -32㊁sRAGE ㊁NLR 水平;采用二元Logistic 回归分析IL -32㊁sRAGE ㊁NLR 对MM 患者并发肾损伤的影响;采用ROC 曲线分析IL -32㊁sRAGE ㊁NLR 预测MM 患者并发肾损伤的AUC 值㊁敏感度㊁特异度㊂结果:观察组的IL -32㊁NLR 均高于健康对照组,而sRAGE 低于健康对照组(P <0.05)㊂肾损伤组的IL -32㊁NLR 均高于非肾损伤组,而sRAGE 低于非肾损伤组(P <0.05)㊂Logistic 回归分析显示,IL -32㊁NLR 水平升高和sRAGE 水平下降是影响MM 患者并发肾损伤的危险因素(P <0.05)㊂ROC 曲线分析显示,血清IL -32㊁sRAGE ㊁NLR 预测MM 患者并发肾损伤的AUC 值分别为(0.761㊁0.765㊁0.802,P <0.05)㊂结论:血清IL -32㊁sRAGE ㊁NLR 表达水平会随MM 患者并发肾损伤而升高㊂ʌ关键词ɔ㊀白细胞介素-32;㊀可溶性晚期糖基化终末产物受体;㊀中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值;㊀多发性骨髓瘤;㊀肾损伤ʌ文献标识码ɔ㊀A㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀ʌdoi ɔ10.3969/j.issn.1006-6233.2023.08.09Correlation Analysis of Serum IL -32sRAGE and NLR withMultiple Myeloma Complicated with Renal InjuryJIANG Ming ,XU Juan ,DING Linlin ,et al(Rugao People 's Hospital ,Jiangsu Rugao 226500,China )ʌAbstract ɔObjective :To investigate the correlation between serum interleukin -32(IL -32),soluble advanced glycation end -product receptor (sRAGE )and neutrophil /lymphocyte ratio (NLR )and multiple my-eloma complicated with kidney injury.Methods :A total of 82MM patients diagnosed and treated in RugaoPeople's Hospital from June 2020to June 2022were selected as the observation group ,and were divided into renal injury group (n =27)and non -renal injury group (n =55)according to renal function ,and 41healthyphysical examination patients were selected as the healthy control group during the same period.IL -32,sRAGE and NLR levels were compared.Binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the effects of IL -32,sRAGE and NLR on kidney injury in MM patients.ROC curve model was used to analyze the AUC value ,sensitivity and specificity of IL -32,sRAGE and NLR in predicting kidney injury in MM patients.Results :IL -32and NLR in observation group were higher than those in control group ,while sRAGE was lower than thosein control group (P<0.05).IL -32and NLR in renal injury group were higher than those in control group ,㊃9721㊃ʌ基金项目ɔ江苏省南通市卫生健康委员会科研课题项目,(编号:QNZ2022065)ʌ通讯作者ɔ徐㊀娟。

英语中常用的专有名词

Beat generation 垮掉的一代Tea-ceremony 茶道Badger game 美人计Scene stealer 抢镜头的人Hooligan 阿飞，足球流氓Repeated offender 惯犯Double agent 双重间谍Mr. Big 黑社会老大Love child 私生子Hand-to-hand fighting 肉搏Box news 花边新闻Screen agers 整天看电视玩电脑的孩子June-December wedding 双方年龄悬殊的婚姻King’s English 标准英语Leap day/year 闰日2.29/年366Maid of Orleans 圣女贞德Narrow squeak（口）九死一生的脱险Ninja turtle 忍者神龟Poet laureate 桂冠诗人Ponytail 马尾辫Protestant 新教徒Pulitzer Prize 普利策奖Rat race 激烈的竞争Red-light district 红灯区Reader’s Digest 读者文摘Russian roulette 俄罗斯轮盘赌Sexual harassment 性骚扰Short fuse 易怒的脾气Soft-soap 奉承讨好Silent contribution 隐名捐款Silly money 来路不明的钱Silver screen 银幕，电影界Summer complaint 夏季病，拉肚子Tenth-rate 最低等的，劣等的Vertical/lateral thinking 纵向，横向思维Wide-body 大部头的作品Wheel of life （佛教）轮回Xenomania 媚外Yearbook 年鉴年刊Zen 禅Paparazzi 狗仔队Show people 娱乐界人士Exotic dance 脱衣舞Bearish 行情下跌的Bullish 行情上涨的State prisoner 政治犯Stowaway 偷渡者，逃票的乘客Plainclothesman 便衣警察Police dog 警犬Police post 派出所Negligent homicide 过失杀人Impostor 江湖骗子ICJ International Court of Justice 国际法院Espionage 间谍间谍活动Lifer 职业军人Mine 地雷水雷Panzer 装甲车坦克Off limits 军事禁区Q-boat 伪装成商船或渔船的武装船只Riot corps 防暴部队Standing army 常规军Sniper 狙击手Bermuda Triangle 百慕大三角洲Brain drain 脑力人才外流Brawn drain 劳力外流Break- dancing 霹雳舞French windows 落地窗Funeral home 殡仪馆Taillight 车尾灯Visiting team 客队Runner-up 亚军Black referee 黑哨Foul play 犯规动作Standing broad jump 立定跳远Underachiever 差等生Hothouse 对儿童进行学前教育Whiz kid 神童优等生Newsbreak 重要新闻Needle trade 成衣业Moonlight 作动词，干第二职业Mixed marriage 异族通婚Moon roof 汽车的顶窗Egghead 对知识分子的蔑称Dog days 七八月份的酷暑期，伏天Box office 票房Bridesmaid 女傧相Bee （美）为互助友好而举行的聚会Bigtime 红极一时的，赫赫有名的Exclusive 独家新闻Divorcee 离了婚的人disposable worker 临时工Eden 伊甸园Bandwagon 见风使舵Sapphire 蓝宝石Scrappage 报废物Shangri-la 香格里拉Obituary 补告Hangover 宿醉Full scholarship 全额奖学金Stone-cold fox 冰山美人Brain trust 政府的智囊团A-list 名流群，精英all-expense tour 自费游Bard-of-Avon 埃文河诗人，莎士比亚的别称Beau monde 上流社会Beautiful people 上流社会的时髦阶层Bagstuffer 街头广告传单Antichoice 反堕胎Backwater 死水，死气沉沉的地方Intercom 对讲机，闭路通讯装置In vitro fertilization 体外受精，试管受精Cottonmouth snake 百步蛇Laser surgery 激光外科手术Intercept 截球Unscrupulous bombing 狂轰滥炸Tommy gun (美)冲锋枪Strafe 扫射，猛烈炮击Superbomb 氢弹Unconditional surrender 无条件投降Losing battle 必败之战Military operation 作战Missile equipped destroyer 导弹驱逐舰Mess 军用食堂Rock-bottom 最低的Seed money 本钱Principal 本金，可生息Securities 证券，有价证券Sag 萧条，下跌Profiteer 投机商，奸商Prime 银行贷款的最低利率Red ink 赤字，亏损Ready money 现钞Bell-bottom trousers 喇叭裤Julibee 五十周年大庆Jim Crow 对黑人的蔑称Iron lady 指铁娘子撒切尔夫人Itinerant 巡回的Intelligentsia知识分子的总称，知识界，知识阶层Blue moon 千载难逢的时机Benefit 义卖，义演，义赛Brainwave 灵感，突然想到的主意Honor man （美）优等生Full professor 正教授Doctorate博士学位Alma Mater 母校Academician 院士Pony report 每日要闻报道Peter Funk （美俚）拍卖中冒充卖家抬高价格的冒牌出价人Pep rally 动员大会Pipe dream 白日梦，空想Pay TV 收费电视Plastic operation 整形手术Made man 成功的人Manicure 修指甲Mad money （美俚）私房钱Lotusland 逍遥乡Jolly Roger 海盗旗Invalid 病号，伤残者Informed sources 消息灵通的人士Hot air 吹牛，空话Idiot box （口）电视机Ins and outs 迂回曲折，底细In-flight meal 航空餐中华文明Chinese civilization文明摇篮cradle of civilization华夏祖先the Chinese ancestors秦始皇帝First Emperor, Emperor Chin皇太后Empress女皇；皇后Dowager汉高祖刘邦founder of the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD)成吉思汗Genghis Khan Temujin夏朝Xia Dynasty明清两代(of) Ming and Qing dynasties地名：特别注意四川和陕西拼法四川Sichuan, Szechwan, Szechuan 陝西Shaanxi 四大发明the four great inventions of ancient China火药gunpowder [`gʌnpaʊdə(r)]印刷术printing [`prɪntɪŋ]造纸术paper-making指南针the compass汉字Chinese character ['kærəktə(r)]单音节single syllable ['sɪləbl] n. 音节汉语四声调the four tones [təun] of Chinese characters阳平level ['levl] tone阴平rising tone上声falling-rising tone去声falling tone四书the Four Books《大学》The Great Learning《中庸》The Doctrine [`dɒktrɪn] of the Mean《论语》The Analects ['ænəlekts] 文选，论集of Confucius [kən`fju:ʃəs] 《孟子》The Mencius[menʃɪəs]《春秋》the Spring and Autumn Annals[‘ænəlz] 编年史《史记》Historical[hɪ’stɒrɪkl] Records['rekɔ:d]《诗经》The Books of Songs; The Book of Odes[əʊdz] 颂诗，颂歌《书经》The Books of History['hɪstrɪ]《易经》I Ching[tʃɪŋ]; The Book of Changes[tʃendʒs]《礼记》The Book of Rites[raɪts] 仪式，典礼《孝经》Book of Filial[‘fɪliəl] 子女的Piety['paɪətɪ] 虔诚，虔敬《孙子兵法》The Art of War《三字经》The Three-Character Scripture['skrɪptʃə(r)] 经文，圣典; The Three-Word Chant[tʃɑ:nt] 吟颂，咏唱《三国演义》Three Kingdoms《西游记》Journey to the West; Pilgrimage['pɪlɡrɪmɪdʒ]朝圣之旅to the West《红楼梦》Dream[dri:m] of the Red Mansions[‘mænʃn] 大厦；宅第《山海经》The Classic of Mountains and Rivers《资治通鉴》History['hɪstrɪ] as a Mirror['mɪrə(r)]; Comprehensive HistoryRetold as a Mirror for Rulers《西厢记》The Romance of West Chamber['tʃeɪmbə(r)]《水浒传》Heroes['hɪərəʊ] of the Marshes[mɑ:ʃ] 沼泽，湿地; Tales of the Water Margin 《聊斋志异》Strange Tales of a Lonely['ləʊnlɪ] Studio['stju:dɪəʊ] 工作室，画室; Strange Tales from Make-Do代用的；权宜的Studio《围城》Fortress['fɔ:trəs] 堡垒，要塞Besieged[bɪ'sɪdʒd] 包围，围困《阿Q正传》The True Story of Ah Q五言绝句five-character quatrain[‘kwɒtreɪn] 四行诗七言律诗seven-character octave['ɒktɪv] 高八度音；八度和音八股文eight-part essay['eseɪ] 散文；随笔; stereotyped[‘steri:ə taɪpt] 套用陈规的writing重要文化遗产major cultural heritage['herɪtɪdʒ]优秀民间艺术outstanding folk[fəʊk] arts 文物cultur al relics[‘relɪk] 遗物，遗迹中国画traditional Chinese painting书法calligraphy[kə’lɪgrəfi]水墨画Chinese brush[brʌʃ] painting; ink[ɪŋk] and wash painting工笔traditional Chinese realistic painting中国结Chinese knot[nɒt]旗袍Cheongsam[`tʃɔ:ŋ`sæm]中山装Chinese tunic['tju:nɪk]长袍suit[su:t]唐装traditional Chinese garments (clothing); Tang suit朝廷使者royal['rɔɪəl] court envoy[`envɔɪ] 使节，外交官；文人men of letters雅士refined[rɪ`faɪnd] 经过改良的；举止优雅的scholars['skɒlə(r)] 奖学金获得者；学者表演艺术performing art现代流行艺术popular art, pop art纯艺术high art高雅艺术refined art电影艺术cinematographic[`sɪnəmətə'ɡræfɪk] 电影的art戏剧艺术theatrical[θi`ætrɪkl] 戏剧的art才子佳人gifted scholars['skɒlə(r)] and beautiful ladies生(男性正面角色) male (the positive male role)旦(女性正面角色) female (the positive female role)净(性格鲜明的男性配角) a supporting male role with striking[`straɪkɪŋ] character丑(幽默滑稽或反面角色) a clown[klaʊn] or a negative role花脸painted role歌舞喜剧musical滑稽场面, 搞笑小噱头shtick[ʃtɪk]滑稽短剧skit[skɪt]京剧人物脸谱Peking[pi:`kiŋ] Opera['ɒpərə] Mask皮影戏shadow['ʃædəʊ] play; leather['leðə(r)] -silhouette[sɪlʊ'et] 轮廓，剪影show说书story-telling叠罗汉make a human pyramid['pɪrəmɪd]折子戏opera['ɒpərə] highlights踩高跷stilt[stɪlt] 支柱；高跷walk哑剧pantomime['pæntəmaɪm]; mime[maɪm]哑剧演员pantomimist['pæntəmaɪmɪst]戏剧小品skit[skɪt]马戏circus['sɜ:kəs] show单口相声monologue['mɒnəlɒɡ]独白；独角戏comic talk, standup comedy['kɒmədɪ]特技表演stunt[stʌnt]相声witty dialogue comedy['kɒmədɪ], comic cross talk杂技acrobatics[ækrə`bætɪks]京韵大鼓the traditional story-telling in Beijing dialect with drum [drʌm]鼓；鼓状物accompaniment[ə`kʌmpənimənt] 伴奏；伴随物秦腔Shaanxi opera['ɒpərə]武术martial[`mɑ:ʃəl] 军事的；战争的art功夫kung fu[kʌŋ `fu:]武术门派styles or schools of martial[`mɑ:ʃəl] art习武健身practice martial art for fitness气功qigong[kɪ'ɡɒŋ], deep breathing[bri:ð] exercises['eksəsaɪzɪz]拳击boxing篆刻seal[si:l] 密封；印章；海豹cutting upriteous 工艺, 手艺workmanship / craftsmanship [`krɑ:ftsmənʃɪp]卷轴scroll [skrəʊl]蜡染batik [bə`ti:k]泥人clay [kleɪ] figure漆画lacquer ['lækə(r)] 漆，天然漆painting唐三彩Trio ['tri:əʊ] -colored glazed[gleɪzd] 像玻璃的pottery['pɒtərɪ] 陶器of the Tang Dynasty景泰蓝cloisonné文房四宝The four stationery [`steɪʃənri] 文具；办公用品treasures [`treʒəz] of the Chinese study --- a writing brush, an ink stick, an ink stone and paper民间传说folklores [`fəʊklɔ:(r)]寓言fable ['feɪbl]传说legend神话mythology [mɪ'θɒlədʒɪ]古为今用,洋为中用make the past serve the present and the foreign serve china 赋诗inscribe [ɪn'skraɪb] 题写，题献a poem ['pəʊɪm]对对联matching an antithetical [æntɪ'θetɪkl] 正相反的，对立的couplet[`kʌplət] 对联阳历solar calendar公历Gregorian calendar ['kælɪndə(r)]阴历lunar['lu:nə(r)] calendar天干heavenly [`hevnli] 天国的；庄严的stem地支earthly branch闰年leap[li:p] 跳；冲动的行动year二十四节气the twenty-four solar terms十二生肖the twelve Chinese zodiac['zəʊdɪæk] 黄道带；黄道十二宫图signs本命年one's year of birth considered in relation to the 12 Terrestrial[tə'restrɪəl] 地球的；人间的Branches传统节日traditional holidays春节the Spring Festival元宵节the Lantern[`læntən] Festival (15th day of the first lunar['lu:nə(r)] month)清明节the Pure Brightness Festival / the Tomb-sweeping Day (April the 5th)端午节the Dragon Boat Festival (5th of the fifth lunar month)中秋节the Moon Festival / the Mid-Autumn Day (15th of the eight lunar month)重阳节the Double Ninth Day / the Aged Day（二）第二部分：缩写词CIA--Central Intelligence Agency中央情报局ABC—American Broadcasting Corporation[kɔ:pə·reɪʃn]美国广播公司CCTV--China Central TelevisionFBI--Federal Bureau ['bjʊərəʊ] of Investigation联邦调查局NSA--National ['næʃnəl] Security [sɪ'kjʊərətɪ] Agency 国家安全局NASA--National Aeronautics [eərə`nɔ:tɪks] and Space Administration国家航空航天局APEC--Asian-Pacific[`eɪʃn] Economic [i:kə`nɒmɪk] Cooperation [kəʊɒ pə`reɪʃn]亚太经济合作组织ATM--Automatic[`ɔ:tə'mætɪk] Teller['telə(r)] machine自动取款机BBS--Bulletin['bʊlətɪn] Board System电子公告板CEO--Chief[tʃi:f] Executive[ɪɡ'zekjətɪv] Officer首席执行官CFO--Chief Financial[faɪ`nænʃl] Officer 首席财务官CPI--Consumer Price Index全国居民消费价格指数CPU--Central Processing Unit微处理器GDP--Gross Domestic[də`mestɪk] Product国内生产总值GNP--Gross National ['næʃnəl] Product国民生产总值GPS--Global Position System全球定位系统OTC--Over the Counter非处方药SUV--Sport-utility[ju:`tɪləti] vehicle 多用途跑车。

SnCl2还原硝基 97%

2-Arylbenzoxazoles as CETP inhibitors:Substitution of the benzoxazole moietyCameron J.Smith a,*,Amjad Ali a ,Liya Chen a ,Milton L.Hammond a ,Matt S.Anderson b ,Ying Chen b ,Suzanne S.Eveland b ,Qiu Guo b ,Sheryl A.Hyland b ,Denise ot b ,Carl P.Sparrow b ,Samuel D.Wright b ,Peter J.Sinclair aa Department of Medicinal Chemistry,Merck Research Laboratories,Rahway NJ 07065,United States bDepartment of Cardiovascular Diseases,Merck Research Laboratories,Rahway NJ 07065,United Statesa r t i c l e i n f o Article history:Received 26June 2009Revised 23October 2009Accepted 26October 2009Available online 29October 2009Keywords:Cholesteryl ester transfer protein CETPHigh density lipoprotein HDLBenzoxazolea b s t r a c tA series of 2-arylbenzoxazole inhibitors of the cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP)is described.Structure–activity studies focused on variation of the substitution of the benzoxazole moiety.Substitu-tion at the 5-and 7-positions of the benzoxazole moiety was found to be beneﬁcial for CETP pound 47was found to be the most potent inhibitor in this series and inhibited CETP with an IC 50of 28nM.Ó2009Elsevier Ltd.All rights reserved.Coronary heart disease (CHD)is now the leading cause of death of people in developed countries.Elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C)has been identiﬁed as a major risk factor for CHD.The development of the statins has signiﬁcantly helped to reduce LDL-C levels in patients at risk for CHD.1,2There is now a growing body of epidemiological evidence linking in-creased levels of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C)with decreased risk of development of CHD.3–6Some cholesterol lower-ing drugs,including niacin,ﬁbrates and statins,have a modest ef-fect on increasing HDL-C levels.7–10Regardless,niacin remains the front line therapy for raising HDL-C levels despite its modest efﬁ-cacy ($20%increase).Consequently there is a need for better ther-apies to address this problem.The beneﬁcial effects of high density lipoprotein (HDL)are thought to arise from its participation in reverse cholesterol trans-port (RCT)as well as its anti-inﬂammatory and anti-oxidant prop-erties.11,12Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP)mediates the exchange of cholesteryl ester (CE)from HDL with triglycerides pri-marily from very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL).11,12Inhibition of CETP would therefore be expected to increase serum HDL-C levels.Clinical studies in humans with the CETP inhibitors,dalcetrapib (JTT-705),13,14torcetrapib,15–19and anacetrapib 20–22established that pharmacological inhibition of CETP leads to signiﬁcant in-creases in HDL-C concentrations.Despite this observation,imagingstudies with torcetrapib showed the compound had no effect on the progression of atherosclerosis.23–25Additionally,the torcetra-pib phase III trial was prematurely halted after the observation ofNO O F 3CF 3CCF 3O OF 3C33OFSNHOOdalcetrapib (JTT-705)torcetrapibanacetrapib0960-894X/$-see front matter Ó2009Elsevier Ltd.All rights reserved.doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.10.099*Corresponding author.Tel.:+17325942529;fax:+17325949545.E-mail address:cameron_smith@ (C.J.Smith).Bioorganic &Medicinal Chemistry Letters 20(2010)346–349Contents lists available at ScienceDirectBioorganic &Medicinal Chemistry Lettersj o ur na l h om e pa ge :w w w.e ls e v ie r.c om /lo c at e/bm c lincreased mortality in patients receiving torcetrapib and atorva-statin relative to the atorvastatin-only group.19This adverse effect may have been related to the observation of an increase in mean systolic blood pressure in the torcetrapib treated arm.There is cur-rently signiﬁcant debate over whether the adverse effects observed with torcetrapib were caused by mechanism based factors or off-target activities.26–28Despite the uncertainty regarding the viabil-ity of CETP inhibitors,there is continued interest in the develop-ment of a cardiovascular drug against this target.This communication details the identiﬁcation and optimization of a ser-ies of2-arylbenzoxazole based CETP inhibitors.Inhibition of CETP mediated CE transfer was characterized in vitro using aﬂuorescence transfer assay.29The assay uses syn-thetic HDL donor particles that contain self-quenching BODIPY la-beled CE along with an additionalﬂuorescence quencher.As the BODIPY labeled CE is transferred from the donor particle to an acceptor lipoprotein by CETP,ﬂuorescence is observed and quanti-ﬁed.Inhibition of CETP mediated CE transfer was characterized by a decrease in levels ofﬂuorescence observed relative to control.A high throughput screen of compounds in the Merck collection at2l M using the above assay was conducted and hits were con-ﬁrmed by titration.2-Arylbenzoxazole1was identiﬁed as a screen-ing hit.This lead class was also independently identiﬁed by researchers at Bristol–Myers Squibb and published subsequent to our studies.30Their work showed the importance of substitution at the benzoxazole5-position on potency of CETP inhibition.The work described in this publication is consistent with that described by BMS,but also shows that further substitution of the benzoxaz-ole moiety at the7-position leads to compounds with additional enhancement of CETP inhibition.O NH OON1ClThe development of lead compound1began with the investiga-tion of the effect of variation of the substitution of the benzoxazole moiety.The synthetic approach used is shown in Scheme1.Key carboxylic acid2was synthesized from phenoxyacetic acid3by ﬁrst treating with oxalyl chloride to form the corresponding acid chloride4.Coupling with4-aminobenzoic acid afforded carboxylic acid2.Benzoxazoles were then synthesized by one of three meth-ods.31Activation of2as the corresponding acid chloride using oxa-lyl chloride followed by coupling with a range of substituted2-aminophenols afforded amides of the general structure6.A solu-tion of amides6in xylene was heated at reﬂux in a Dean–Stark apparatus with either p-tolenesulfonic acid or pyridinium p-tolu-enesulfonic acid,to afford2-arylbenzoxazoles of general structure 7.Alternatively,a solution of carboxylic acid2,a2-aminophenol and boric acid in xylene could be heated at reﬂux or subjected to microwave irradiation at270°C to afford the corresponding2-aryl-benzoxazole.2-Aminophenols were either commercially available or obtained by reduction of the corresponding2-nitrophenol using either heterogeneous palladium or platinum oxide catalyzed hydrogenation or treatment with tin(II)chloride(Scheme2).Some 2-nitrophenols were obtained by nitration of the corresponding phenols.The CETP inhibition data for a series of compounds of different benzoxazole phenyl ring substitution is shown in Table1and it can be seen that substitution of this ring appreciably alters CETP inhib-itory activity.The unsubstituted benzoxazole(8)was10-fold less active than lead compound1.A survey of a series of benzoxazole substituents(compounds9–22)showed a clear preference for sub-stitution at the5-position.In particular the5-nitro and5-cyanoTable1SAR of2-arylbenzoxazolesData reported is derived from duplicate wells and three independent experi-ments.Mean IC50values were determined from10-point,one-third log concen-tration response curves and standard errors were610%.b IC50not determined if%max inhibition was<50%.C.J.Smith et al./Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.20(2010)346–349347derivatives 15and 20were found to be the most potent CETP inhibitors with IC 50s of 0.94and 0.13l M,pounds 23–29(Table 2)represent a series of substitutions that are toler-ated at the 5-position with only methoxy (compound 24)showing better potency than the original lead 1.Other 5-substituents such as larger alkyl,triﬂuoromethyl,methyl ester,carboxylic acid,amides,carbamates,sulfonamides,sulfones,hydroxyl,anilino,amidine,tetrazole and substituted phenyl were found to have little or no inhibitory activity (data not shown).The best 5-substituted derivative found was therefore 5-cyano derivative 20and this rep-resented an early benchmark compound.This was consistent with the work published by researchers at Bristol–Myers Squibb.30Holding the cyano group constant,the SAR of additional benz-oxazole substitution was then explored (Table 3).The three possi-ble regioisomeric methyl derivatives 31,33and 35were prepared via palladium catalyzed cyanation of the corresponding aryl ha-lides 30,32and 34,respectively.The CETP inhibition data clearly shows that incorporation of a methyl group is preferred at the 7-position and affords a twofold increase in potency (compare 35to 20and 34to 23).Compound 35has a CETP IC 50of -pounds 36–41show that a number of other substituents are toler-ated at the 7-position in combination with either 5-cyano or 5-halo the most potent being 5-cyano-7-ﬂuoro derivative 39with a CETP IC 50of 62nM.The substitution of the 7-position was further investigated by the synthesis of a series of alcohols (compounds 44–57,Table 4).These compounds were synthesized from acetophenone 40as shown in Scheme 3.Treatment of ketone 40with sodium borohy-dride or a Grignard reagent afforded secondary or tertiary alcohols respectively of general structure 42.These compounds were then transformed into nitriles of general structure 43via palladium cat-alyzed cyanation.By and large,potency of CETP inhibition is inver-sely proportional to the size of the alkyl group added to acetophenone 40,the best compound being methyl derivative 47with a CETP IC 50of 28nM.Replacement of the 5-cyano group of 47with a hydrogen to give compound 57results in a 10-fold loss in potency of CETP inhibition conﬁrming the importance of substi-tution at both the 5-and 7-positions.Compounds 20,35and 47were evaluated in a pharmacody-namic model in mice expressing cynomolgus monkey CETP anddid not show an increase in HDL-C levels.This may be attributed to the lack of oral bioavailability observed with these compounds in mouse PK studies.In summary,after high throughput screening of the Merck com-pound collection identiﬁed 2-arylbenzoxazole 1as a lead,it was developed into compounds 35and 47using a modular synthetic approach that showed the importance of substitution at the 7-po-sition for potency enhancement over the 5-position alone.These compounds represent important leads for further development of this structure class as CETP inhibitors.Further modiﬁcations of the amide and aryloxy moieties will be reported.Table 2SAR of 5-substituted-2-arylbenzoxazolesData reported is derived from duplicate wells and three independent experi-ments.Mean IC 50values were determined from 10-point,one-third log concen-tration response curves and standard errors were 610%.bSynthesized by reduction of 26;NaBH 4,MeOH,room temperature,1h,quant.cSynthesized from 23by Stille coupling;vinyltributyl tin.(Ph 3P)4Pd,DMF,80°C,12h,13%.dSynthesized from 23by Sonagashira coupling;(i)TMS acetylene,Pd(PPh 3)2Cl 2,CuI,Ph 3P,Et 2NH,DMF,microwave irradiation,120°C,75min,(ii)aq NaOH,THF,room temperature,1h,32%.Table 3SAR of disubstituted-2-arylbenzoxazolesData reported is derived from duplicate wells and three independent experi-ments.Mean IC 50values were determined from 10-point,one-third log concen-tration response curves and standard errors were 610%.Table 4SAR of 5,7-disubstituted-2-arylbenzoxazolesData reported is derived from duplicate wells and three independent experi-ments.Mean IC 50values were determined from 10-point,one-third log concen-tration response curves and standard errors were 610%.bSynthesized by reduction of 40;NaBH 4,MeOH,room temperature,1h,quant.cSynthesized from 46;LiAlH 4,THF,room temperature,1.5h,14%.348 C.J.Smith et al./Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.20(2010)346–349References and notes1.Kearney,P.M.;Blackwell,L.;Collins,R.;Keech,A.;Simes,J.;Peto,R.;Armitage,J.;Baigent,ncet2008,371,117.2.Baigent,C.;Keech,A.;Kearney,P.M.;Blackwell,L.;Buck,G.;Pollicino,C.;Kirby,A.;Sourjina,T.;Peto,R.;Collins,R.;Simes,ncet2005,366,1267.3.Rhoads,G.;Gulbrandsen,C.;Kagan,A.N.Eng.J.Med.1976,294,293.4.Castelli,W.;Doyle,J.;Gordon,T.;Hames,C.;Hjortland,M.;Hulley,S.;Kagan,A.;Zukel,W.Circulation1977,55,767.5.Gordon,T.;Castelli,W.P.;Hjortland,M.C.;Kannel,W.B.;Dawber,T.R.Am.J.Med.1977,62,707.6.Lewington,S.;Whitlock,G.;Clarke,R.;Sherliker,P.;Emberson,J.;Halsey,J.;Qizilbash,N.;Peto,R.;Collins,ncet2008,370,1829.7.**JAMA1984,251,365.8.Brown,B.G.;Stukovsky,K.H.;Zhao,X.-Q.Curr.Opin.Lipidol.2006,17,631.9.Otvos,J. D.;Collins, D.;Freedman, D.S.;Shalaurova,I.;Schaefer, E.J.;McNamara,J.R.;Bloomﬁeld,H.E.;Robins,S.J.Circulation2006,113,1556. 10.Pedersen,T.R.;Olsson,A.G.;Færgeman,O.;Kjekshus,J.;Wedel,H.;Berg,K.;Wilhelmsen,L.;Haghfelt,T.;Thorgeirsson,G.;Pyorala,K.;Miettinen,T.;Christophersen,B.;Tobert,J.A.;Musliner,T.A.;Cook,T.J.Circulation1998,97, 1453.11.Tall,A.R.;Yvan-Charvet,L.;Terasaka,N.;Pagler,T.;Wang,N.Cell Metab.2008,7,365.12.Barkowski,R.S.;Frishman,W.H.Cardiol.Rev.2008,16,154.13.de Grooth,G.J.;Kuivenhoven,J. A.;Stalenhoef, A. F.H.;de Graaf,J.;Zwinderman,A.H.;Posma,J.L.;van Tol,A.;Kastelein,J.J.P.Circulation2002, 105,2159.14.Kuivenhoven,J.A.;de Grooth,G.J.;Kawamura,H.;Klerkx,A.H.;Wilhelm,F.;Trip,M.D.;Kastelein,J.J.P.Am.J.Cardiol.2005,95,1085.15.Clark,R.W.Curr.Opin.Pharmacol.2006,6,162.16.Brousseau,M.E.;Schaefer,E.J.;Wolfe,M.L.;Bloedon,L.T.;Digenio,A.G.;Clark,R.W.;Mancuso,J.P.;Rader,D.J.N.Eng.J.Med.2004,350,1505.17.Davidson,M.H.;McKenney,J.M.;Shear,C.L.;Revkin,J.H.J.Am.Coll.Cardiol.2006,48,1774.18.McKenney,J.M.;Davidson,M.H.;Shear,C.L.;Revkin,J.H.J.Am.Coll.Cardiol.2006,48,1782.19.Barter,P.J.;Caulﬁeld,M.;Eriksson,M.;Grundy,S.M.;Kastelein,J.J.P.;Komajda,M.;Lopez-Sendon,J.;Mosca,L.;Tardif,J.-C.;Waters,D.D.;Shear,C.L.;Revkin,J.H.;Buhr,K.A.;Fisher,M.R.;Tall,A.R.;Brewer,B.N.Eng.J.Med.2007,357,2109.20.Bloomﬁeld,D.;Carlson,G.L.;Sapre,A.;Tribble,D.;McKenney,J.M.;Littlejohn,T.W.;Sisk,C.M.;Mitchel,Y.;Pasternak,R.C.Am.Heart J.2009,157,352. 21.Krishna,R.;Anderson,M.S.;Bergman,A.J.;Jin,B.;Fallon,M.;Cote,J.;Rosko,K.;Chavez-Eng, C.;Lutz,R.;Bloomﬁeld, D.M.;Gutierrez,M.;Doherty,J.;Bieberdorf,F.;Chodakewitz,J.;Gottesdiener,K.M.;Wagner,ncet2007, 370,1907.22.Krishna,R.;Bergman,A.;Jin,B.;Fallon,M.;Cote,J.;Van,H.P.;Laethem,T.;Gendrano,I.I.;Van,D.K.;Hilliard,D.;Laterza,O.;Snyder,K.;Chavez-Eng,C.;Lutz,R.;Chen,J.;Bloomﬁeld,D.;De,S.M.;Van,B.L.;Gutierrez,M.;Al-Huniti, N.;Dykstra,K.;Gottesdiener,K.;Wagner,J.Clin.Pharmacol.Ther.2008,84,679.23.Kastelein,J.J.P.;van,L.S.I.;Burgess,L.;Evans,G.W.;Kuivenhoven,J.A.;Barter,P.J.;Revkin,J.H.;Grobbee,D.E.;Riley,W.A.;Shear,C.L.;Duggan,W.T.;Bots,M.L.N.Eng.J.Med.2007,356,1620.24.Nissen,S.E.;Tardif,J.-C.;Nicholls,S.J.;Revkin,J.H.;Shear,C.L.;Duggan,W.T.;Ruzyllo,W.;Bachinsky,W.B.;Lasala,G.P.;Tuzcu,E.M.N.Eng.J.Med.2007, 356,1304.25.Bots,M.L.;Visseren,F.L.;Evans,G.W.;Riley,W.A.;Revkin,J.H.;Tegeler,C.H.;Shear,C.L.;Duggan,W.T.;Vicari,R.M.;Grobbee,D.E.;Kastelein,ncet 2007,370,153.26.Rader,D.J.N.Eng.J.Med.2007,357,2180.27.Tall,A.R.;Yvan-Charvet,L.;Wang,N.Arterioscler.Thromb.Vasc.Biol.2007,27,257.28.Tall,A.R.N.Eng.J.Med.2007,356,1364.29.Eveland,S.S.;Milot,D.P.;Guo,Q.;Chen,Y.;Hyland,S.A.;Peterson,L.B.;Jezequel-Sur,S.;O’Donnell,G.T.;Zuck,P.D.;Ferrer,M.;Strulovici,B.;Wagner, J.A.;Tanaka,W.K.;Hilliard,D.A.;Laterza,O.;Wright,S.D.;Sparrow,C.P.;Anderson,M.S.Anal.Biochem.2007,368,239.30.Harikrishnan,L.S.;Kamau,M.G.;Herpin,T.F.;Morton,G.C.;Liu,Y.;Cooper,C.B.;Salvati,M.E.;Qiao,J.X.;Wang,T.C.;Adam,L.P.;Taylor,D.S.;Chen,A.Y.A.;Yin,X.;Seethala,R.;Peterson,T.L.;Nirschl,D.S.;Miller,A.V.;Weigelt,C.A.;Appiah,K.K.;O’Connell,J.C.;Michael Lawrence,R.Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.2008,18,2640.31.Benzoxazole synthesis—General method1:A mixture of2(1.05mmol),2-aminophenol derivative(1.05mmol)and boric acid(1.37mmol)in o-xylene (60mL)was heated at reﬂux under a Dean–Stark apparatus overnight.After this time the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc(50mL),washed successively with saturated NaHCO3(50mL),H2O(50mL),and brine(50mL), dried(Na2SO4)and concentrated in vacuo to afford the crude product.This was puriﬁed byﬂash chromatography and/or reversed phase HPLC to afford the desired benzoxazole.General method2:A mixture of2(0.307mmol),2-aminophenol derivative(0.430mmol)and boric acid(0.430mmol)in o-xylene(2.5mL)was subjectedto microwave irradiation(300W,270°C,60min).The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc(25mL),washed successively with saturated NaHCO3 (25mL),H2O(25mL),and brine(25mL),dried(MgSO4)and concentrated in vacuo to afford the crude product.This was puriﬁed byﬂash chromatography and/or reversed phase HPLC to afford the desired benzoxazole.General method3:A solution of oxalyl chloride(2M in CH2Cl2,1.40mmol)was added to a stirred suspension of2(0.702mmol)in CH2Cl2(11mL)followed bya few drops of DMF at room temperature under N2.The reaction was stirred atroom temperature for4h after which time the suspension dissolved.The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and azeotroped with toluene (10mL).The crude acid chloride and2-aminophenol(1.05mmol)were dissolved in1,4-dioxane(20mL)and heated at reﬂux for4h under N2.The reaction was diluted with EtOAc(50mL)and water(50mL)and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc(2Â50mL).The combined organic extracts were washed with brine(50mL),dried(Na2SO4)and concentrated in vacuo to afford the crude amide product.A mixture of the crude amide and pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate(0.0702mmol)in o-xylene(30mL)was heated at reﬂux under a Dean–Stark apparatus overnight under N2.The reaction was diluted with EtOAc(100mL)and washed successively with saturated NaHCO3(50mL), water(50mL)and brine(50mL),dried(Na2SO4)and concentrated in vacuo to afford the crude product.This was puriﬁed byﬂash chromatography and/or reversed phase HPLC to afford the desired benzoxazole.C.J.Smith et al./Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.20(2010)346–349349。

2024年研究生考试考研英语(一201)试题及解答参考

2024年研究生考试考研英语(一201)复习试题及解答参考一、完型填空（10分）Cloze TestDirections: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage:The world has witnessed significant changes in communication over the past century. From handwritten letters to instant messages, technology has revolutionized how we stay connected. 1 the advent of smartphones and social media, people can now communicate almost instantly with others around the globe. However, this shift towards digital communication has not been without its 2. Critics argue that the personal touch in conversations has been lost, as face-to-face interactions have become less frequent. Moreover, privacy concerns have 3 as individuals share more personal information online.Despite these challenges, the benefits of modern communication cannot be denied. It has enabled us to form communities that transcend 4 boundaries,allowing for the exchange of ideas and support across vast distances. Businesses too have benefited from improved communication technologies, which have facilitated international trade and 5 collaboration among teams working remotely.Yet, it is important to strike a balance between embracing new technologies and maintaining traditional forms of interaction. 6, there should be an effort to educate people about the responsible use of technology to ensure that the advances we make do not come at the expense of our personal connections or 7 security. As we move forward, it will be crucial to develop technologies that enhance rather than 8 human interaction.In conclusion, while the evolution of communication has brought about many positive changes, it also presents challenges that need to be 9. By using technology wisely and preserving the value of direct human contact, we can enjoy the advantages of both the old and the new ways of 10.1.A. With B. Since C. On D. At2.A. downsides B. sides C. sides down D. down3.A. risen B. raised C. aroused D. arisen4.A. geographical B. geology C. geography D. geological5.A. enhanced B. enhance C. enhancing D. enhances6.A. Therefore B. Thus C. However D. Consequently7.A. personal B. personnel C. person D. personality8.A. detract B. detracts C. detracting D. detracted9.A. addressed B. addresses C. addressing D. address10.A. communicating B. communicated C. communicates D. communicateAnswers:1.A. With2.A. downsides3.D. arisen4.A. geographical5.A. enhanced6.A. Therefore7.A. personal8.C. detracting9.A. addressed10.A. communicating(Note: The correct answers for the remaining blanks follow the same pattern as provided above.)This exercise aims to test vocabulary, grammar, and reading comprehension skills, much like what could be expected in a real examination setting.二、传统阅读理解（本部分有4大题，每大题10分，共40分）First QuestionPassage:In a world increasingly dominated by technology, the importance ofmaintaining human connections cannot be overstated. Despite the conveniences brought about by digital advancements, face-to-face interactions remain a fundamental aspect of human society. This passage explores the impact of technology on our interpersonal relationships and argues for a balanced approach to integrating technology into our daily lives.The advent of smartphones and social media has undoubtedly changed the way we communicate. While these tools have made it easier to stay in touch over long distances, they have also led to a decrease in the quality of communication. People are more connected than ever before, yet loneliness rates continue to rise. The superficial nature of online interactions cannot replace the depth of personal connection that comes from real-life conversations.Moreover, the reliance on technology can lead to a lack of privacy and an erosion of personal boundaries. Information shared online is never truly private, and once it’s posted, it’s virtually impossible to co mpletely remove it. This constant exposure can create stress and anxiety, contributing to mental health issues.On the other hand, technology can be used to enhance our relationships when applied thoughtfully. Video calls allow us to see the faces of loved ones who live far away, making the distance seem less daunting. Online platforms can facilitate support groups and communities where people with similar interests or challenges can connect.Therefore, the key is not to abandon technology but to use it judiciously.It’s essential to recognize when it enhances our lives and when it detracts from meaningful experiences. Balancing the use of technology with genuine human interaction ensures that while we benefit from technological advances, we don’t lose the richness of human connection.Questions:1、What is the main argument presented in the passage?A. Technology should be completely abandoned.B. Face-to-face interactions are less important than online communications.C. The impact of technology on interpersonal relationships is both positive and negative.D. Social media is beneficial for all types of communication.Answer: C.2、According to the passage, what is a potential downside of increased connectivity through technology?A. Improved mental health.B. Enhanced privacy.C. Increased feelings of isolation.D. Stronger family ties.Answer: C.3、How does the author suggest technology could be beneficial for maintaining relationships?A. By replacing all face-to-face meetings with video calls.B. By providing platforms for people to connect based on common interests.C. By ensuring all information shared online remains private.D. By encouraging the use of social media at all times.Answer: B.4、What does the author imply about the use of technology in our daily lives?A. It should be avoided as it always leads to negative outcomes.B. It should be embraced without any restrictions.C. It should be used selectively to complement real-life interactions.D. It should replace traditional forms of communication entirely.Answer: C.5、Which of the following best summarizes the author’s perspective on the role of technology in society?A. Technology is inherently detrimental to society.B. Technology is a tool that should be used wisely to maintain healthy relationships.C. Technology has no significant effect on how people interact.D. Technology is solely responsible for the rise in loneliness rates.Answer: B.This completes the first question of the traditional reading comprehension section. Please note that the answers provided are hypothetical and should be considered correct within the context of this fabricated passage.第二题Passage:The rapid development of technology in the past few decades has had a profound impact on society, transforming the way we live, work, and communicate. One of the most significant advancements has been the internet, which has revolutionized the way we access information and interact with others. However, this digital revolution has also brought about challenges, such as information overload, privacy concerns, and the potential for social isolation.The internet has become an indispensable tool for researchers, educators, and students alike. It provides access to a vast array of resources, from academic journals to online courses. This ease of access to information has democratized education, allowing individuals from all walks of life to gain knowledge and skills. Moreover, the internet has facilitated global collaboration and the exchange of ideas, breaking down geographical barriers.Despite its many benefits, the internet also presents several challenges. One major concern is the overwhelming amount of information available. With so much data at our fingertips, it can be difficult to discern what is credible and relevant. Additionally, the internet has raised serious privacy issues, as personal data can be easily collected and misused. Furthermore, there is a growing concern about the potential for social isolation, as more people spend time online and less time engaging in face-to-face interactions.In the workplace, the internet has transformed the way we communicate and collaborate. Email, instant messaging, and video conferencing have made itpossible to connect with colleagues around the world in real-time. This has increased productivity and efficiency, as well as fostering a more global perspective. However, it has also led to a decrease in face-to-face communication, which can hinder team cohesion and interpersonal relationships.Questions:1、What is one significant advancement mentioned in the passage related to the internet?2、How has the internet affected education according to the passage?3、What is a major concern regarding the internet’s impact on information?4、What potential challenge is mentioned in the passage related to personal data?5、How has the internet changed workplace communication and collaboration?Answers:1、The internet.2、It has democratized education, allowing individuals from all walks of life to gain knowledge and skills.3、The overwhelming amount of information available can be difficult to discern.4、The potential for personal data to be easily collected and misused.5、The internet has made it possible to connect with colleagues around the world in real-time, increasing productivity and efficiency.第三题The following is an excerpt from an article titled “The Evolution of Smartphones” by Dr.Jane Smith.In the last decade, smartphones have revolutionized the way we communicate, access information, and live our daily lives. The first smartphones were introduced in the late 1990s, but it was not until the early 2000s that they became truly popular. These early models were often bulky and limited in functionality, but they laid the foundation for the sleek, powerful devices we use today.1、The author mentions that the first smartphones were introduced in the late 1990s. What is the significance of this timing in the context of technological advancements?A. The late 1990s marked the beginning of the internet era.B. The late 1990s saw the rise of personal computers.C. The late 1990s was when the first computer viruses were discovered.D. The late 1990s was a period of economic recession.2、The article states that early smartphones were often bulky and limited in functionality. How did these limitations compare to the smartphones of today?A. Early smartphones had more features than current models.B. Early smartphones were more compact and had more advanced features.C. Early smartphones were bulkier and had fewer features than current models.D. Early smartphones had similar features to current models but weresmaller.3、The phrase “lay the foundation” in the second paragraph suggests that the early smartphones had a significant impact on the development of later devices. What does this imply about the evolution of smartphones?A. The evolution of smartphones has been slow and gradual.B. The evolution of smartphones has been rapid and transformative.C. The evolution of smartphones has been stagnant and uneventful.D. The evolution of smartphones has been inconsistent and unpredictable.4、The author uses the word “popular” to describe the smartphones of the early 2000s. What does this word imply about the adoption of smartphones during that time?A. Only a small number of people were using smartphones.B. Smartphones were widely adopted by the general public.C. Smartphones were only popular among a niche market.D. Smartphones were not used by many people until the late 2000s.5、According to the article, what has been the most significant change in smartphones over the past decade?A. The increase in screen size.B. The development of advanced cameras.C. The integration of artificial intelligence features.D. The reduction in device size.答案：1、A2、C3、B4、B5、C第四题Reading Comprehension (Traditional)TextThe rise of the digital age has transformed the way we live, work, and interact. With the advent of the Internet and the proliferation of smartphones, information is more accessible than ever before. This has led to a significant shift in how we consume media, communicate with one another, and even how we learn. In education, for instance, e-learning platforms have become increasingly popular, offering a flexible alternative to traditional classroom settings. Students can now access course materials, participate in discussions, and complete assignments from virtually anywhere.Despite the advantages, there are concerns about the impact of this digital transformation on social skills and personal interaction. Some argue that the reliance on screens for communication is leading to a decline in face-to-face interactions, which are crucial for developing empathy and understanding. Moreover, the constant bombardment of information can be overwhelming, potentially affecting mental health and the ability to concentrate on a singletask. It’s important to strike a balance between embracing the benefits of technology and maintaining meaningful human connections.On the other hand, the digital era has also opened up new opportunities for creativity and innovation. The ease of sharing ideas across the globe has sparked a wave of collaborative projects and cross-cultural exchanges. Artists, scientists, and entrepreneurs can connect and collaborate like never before, fostering an environment where novel solutions to complex problems can emerge. Additionally, the democratization of information means that knowledge is no longer confined to a select few, empowering individuals to educate themselves and contribute to society in unprecedented ways.As we continue to navigate this evolving landscape, it’s clear that the digital revolution will play a pivotal role in shaping our future. While challenges certainly exist, they are accompanied by a vast array of possibilities. Embracing these changes thoughtfully and responsibly will be key to harnessing the full potential of the digital age, ensuring that it serves to enrich rather than detract from the quality of life for all.Questions1、According to the passage, what is one of the primary impacts of the digital age on education?•A) It has made traditional classrooms obsolete.•B) It has introduced e-learning as a flexible option.•C) It has eliminated the need for teachers.•D) It has decreased the overall cost of education.•Answer: B) It has introduced e-learning as a flexible option.2、What concern does the text raise about the effects of increased screen time on individuals?•A) It improves their social skills significantly.•B) It enhances their ability to multitask.•C) It may lead to a decrease in face-to-face interactions.•D) It reduces the amount of information available.•Answer: C) It may lead to a decrease in face-to-face interactions.3、Which of the following is mentioned as a positive aspect of the digital era?•A) The simplification of complex problems.•B) The reduction in the diversity of ideas.•C) The increase in global collaboration and idea sharing.•D) The centralization of information control.•Answer: C) The increase in global collaboration and idea sharing.4、How does the passage suggest we should approach the ongoing digital transformation?•A) By rejecting technological advancements.•B) By limiting access to digital devices.•C) By carefully balancing its use with human interaction.•D) By completely relying on digital solutions for all aspects of life.•Answer: C) By carefully balancing its use with human interaction.5、What does the passage imply about the future of the digital revolution?•A) It will have no significant impact on society.•B) It will only bring negative consequences.•C) It will offer both challenges and opportunities.•D) It will solve all current societal issues.•Answer: C) It will offer both challenges and opportunities.This reading comprehension exercise is designed to test your understanding of the given text and your ability to extract relevant information.三、阅读理解新题型（10分）Title: The Role of Exercise in Brain HealthReading passage:In recent years, scientists have been increasingly interested in the relationship between exercise and brain health. While many people are aware of the physical benefits of regular physical activity, the cognitive benefits of exercise have also been a topic of significant research. This passage explores the role of exercise in maintaining and improving brain health.Exercise has been shown to have a positive impact on brain health in several ways. Firstly, physical activity increases blood flow to the brain, which can enhance cognitive function. Secondly, exercise stimulates the release of neurotransmitters, such as endorphins and serotonin, which can improve mood and reduce stress. Lastly, regular exercise can help to reduce the risk of developing neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.One study published in the Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry found that individuals who engaged in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity for at least 150 minutes per week had a lower risk of cognitive decline than those who were inactive. Additionally, another study published in the American Journal of Epidemiology found that regular exercise was associated with a reduced risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease.The benefits of exercise on brain health are not limited to older adults. Research has shown that exercise can also have a positive impact on children and adolescents. For instance, a study published in the journal NeuroImage found that children who participated in a physical activity program for 10 weeks showed improvements in cognitive function, including memory and attention.Despite the numerous benefits of exercise on brain health, it is important to note that not all types of exercise are equally effective. Aerobic exercises, such as walking, running, and swimming, have been found to have the most significant impact on brain health. Additionally, strength training exercises can also contribute to improved brain health by enhancing cognitive function and reducing the risk of neurological disorders.Questions:1.What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To discuss the physical benefits of exercise.B. To explore the role of exercise in maintaining and improving brain health.C. To examine the relationship between exercise and neurological disorders.D. To analyze the effects of exercise on cognitive function in children.2.According to the passage, how does exercise benefit brain health?A. By increasing blood flow to the brain and stimulating the release of neurotransmitters.B. By improving mood and reducing stress.C. By reducing the risk of neurological disorders.D. All of the above.3.What was the main finding of the study published in the Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry?A. Individuals who engaged in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity had a higher risk of cognitive decline.B. Individuals who were inactive had a lower risk of cognitive decline than those who engaged in physical activity.C. There was no significant difference in cognitive decline between individuals who were active and inactive.D. Regular exercise had no impact on cognitive decline.4.According to the passage, what type of exercise has been found to have the most significant impact on brain health?A. Strength training exercises.B. Aerobic exercises, such as walking, running, and swimming.C. Yoga and meditation.D. High-intensity interval training.5.What is the main conclusion of the passage?A. Exercise has no impact on brain health.B. Only older adults can benefit from exercise in maintaining and improving brain health.C. Regular exercise is crucial for maintaining and improving brain health across all age groups.D. The type of exercise that benefits brain health is not well-established.Answers:1.B2.D3.B4.B5.C四、翻译（本大题有5小题，每小题2分，共10分）第一题Translate the following paragraph into English.“随着科技的飞速发展，人们的生活方式发生了翻天覆地的变化。

种植体与基台之间的微动对骨吸收的影响机制

种植体与基台之间的微动对骨吸收的影响机制综述人：吴瑾摘要：目前的口腔种植牙已经获得与天然牙功能、结构以及美观效果十分相似的修复效果，成为越来越多缺牙患者的首选修复方式。

但仍然存在一些影响种植体存活时间和使用效果的并发症，而种植体骨吸收就属于最常见的一类并发症。

如果不能及时控制，将严重影响种植体的结构和功能。

本文将对种植体与基台之间的微动对骨吸收的影响机制做一定研究。

关键词：种植体；基台；骨吸收正文：种植牙齿指的是一种以植入骨组织内的下部结构为基础来支持、固位上部牙修复体的缺牙修复方式。

它包括下部的支持种植体（dental implant）和上部的牙修复体（dental prosthesis, implant-supported）两部分。

采用人工材料（如金属、陶瓷等）制成种植体（一般类似牙根形态），经手术方法植入组织内（通常是上下颌）并获得骨组织牢固的固位支持，通过特殊的装置和方式连接支持上部的牙修复体。

种植牙可以获得与天然牙功能、结构以及美观效果十分相似的修复效果，已经成为越来越多缺牙患者的首选修复方式。

口腔种植体又称为牙种植体，还称为人工牙根。

是通过外科手术的方式将其植入人体缺牙部位的上下颌骨内，待其手术伤口愈合后，在其上部安装修复假牙的装置。

种植体基台简称基台，是安装在锚固于骨内的种植体平台上，并将其向口腔内延伸，用于链接、支持和固位修复体或种植体上部结构。

因此也称为穿黏膜基台。

牙种植体由（1）体部：既种植义齿植如人体组织的部分（2）颈部（3）基桩或基台部组成。

1. 体部：是种植体植入人体组织内的部分。

按其植入部位又分为植入粘骨膜或植入软组织内。

2. 颈部：是连接体部与基桩或基台的部分。

3. 基桩或基台：是牙种植体暴露于粘膜外的部分，为其上部结构的人工义齿提供支持、固位和稳定作用。

种植体外观种植体穿黏膜颈部与种植体位于骨内的体部合为一体，为一体式种植体。

种植体颈部位于软组织之内，平台可以位于牙槽嵴表面的软组织之内或软组织之外，故也称为软组织水平种植体。

精油档案馆｜大马士革玫瑰：不老的神话

精油档案馆｜大马士革玫瑰：不老的神话大马士革玫瑰RoseRosa damascena重要产地｜保加利亚、摩洛哥、土耳其植物科别｜蔷薇科萃取部位｜花朵萃取方式｜蒸馏/溶剂气味感受｜玫瑰香气化学成分｜单萜醇｜· 主要成分香茅醇、牻牛儿醇、橙花醇、苯乙醇、丁香酚等。

· 玫瑰精油是复杂的精油之一，内含超过400种尚未确定的化学成分，对生理、心灵具有稳定的疗效。

生理功效/药学属性舒缓忧郁、补强神经系统、镇定情绪、激励免疫、帮助循环、护肤、抗发炎、调整生理。

心理功效带来温柔情绪，感到悲观或心灰意冷时，使人心情平稳。

对应脉轮· 心轮，主爱、疗愈、平衡，具爱、平静、性、美的魔法力量。

· 水元素，对应金星。

· 可以对应心肺功能、心因性不适等生理状态。

使用建议· 针对皮肤发炎可搭配德国洋甘菊、永久花、真正薰衣草、天竺葵等精油调理。

· 想达放松、舒缓焦虑、舒眠，可以搭配甜橙、罗马洋甘菊、岩玫瑰、依兰、广藿香。

注意事项·怀孕期间应避免使用。

·遇低温，精油可能凝结为固体状，属正常现象。

经典配方·适用症状：经常出国出差，时差引起睡眠品质差，脑内无法安静，精神紧张问题。

·症状处理：降低因工作压力及时差引起的睡眠障碍，帮助入眠及提升睡眠品质。

·使用方法：调和按摩油，全身按摩。

3％浓度配方甜橙5滴、大马士革玫瑰2滴、印度檀香2滴、苦橙叶2滴、佛手柑5滴、香蜂草1滴、沙棘油1滴、芝麻油30ml成分介绍·甜橙(Citrus sinensis)舒缓紧张、舒缓压力、转换正面思考、放松心情·大马士革玫瑰(Rosa damascena)放松神经紧张和压力、平衡调节生理、舒缓经前症候群、循环问题、抗忧郁、稳定情绪·印度檀香(Santalum album)促进循环、身心放松、镇定神经系统、抗压、稳定情绪起伏、帮助睡眠障碍·苦橙叶(Citrus aurantium)安抚神经系统、平衡舒缓焦虑、降低恐惧、舒眠、帮助血液循环·佛手柑(Citrus bergamia)远离病菌、安抚神经系统、激励免疫、帮助血液循环·香蜂草(Melissa officinalis)帮助血液循环、调节血压、舒缓心悸、舒眠、稳定情绪·沙棘油 (Hippophae rhamnoides)皮肤修护、黏膜伤口修护·有机芝麻油(Sesamum indicum)适合各种肌肤、皮肤吸收迅速大马士革玫瑰小记事大马士革玫瑰(Rosa damascene)被喻为信仰、纯洁、爱与美丽的代表，伊朗人也将玫瑰称为「先知之花」。

西青果口含片的研制

目录缩略语表 (1)英文摘要 (2)中文摘要 (7)论文正文西青果口含片的研制 (11)第一章前言 (11)第二章西青果口含片制备工艺研究 (13)2.1 材料与方法 (13)2.2 结果 (17)2.3 讨论 (23)2.4 结论 (23)第三章西青果口含片质量标准研究 (25)3.1 材料与方法 (25)3.2 结果 (28)3.3 讨论 (40)3.4 结论 (40)第四章西青果口含片体内外药效学初步考察 (41)4.1 材料与方法 (41)4.2 结果 (44)4.3 讨论 (46)4.4 结论 (47)全文结论 (48)参考文献 (49)文献综述含片的研究进展 (53)参考文献 (57)攻读学位期间的研究成果 (57)致谢 (62)缩略语表英文缩写英文全称中文全称H N HourNewton小时牛顿min Minute 分钟HPLC High-performance liquid chromatograph 高效液相色谱法MCC Microcrystalline Cellulose 微晶纤维素CRH Critical Relative Humidity 临界相对湿度GABHS Group of Aβ-hemolytic streptococcus A组乙型溶血性链球菌BBTs Buccal Tablets 含片MIC Minimal Inhibitory Concentration 最低抑菌浓度H Hour 小时FBT Fentanyl Buccal Tablet 芬太尼含片CPMBT Chlorpheniramine Maleate Buccal Tablet 扑尔敏含片TBT Theophylline Buccal Tablets 茶碱含片RBT Ritodrine Buccal Tablets 利托君含片Study On Preparation Of Xiqingguo Buccal TabletsAbstractBackground and objectivesWith the development of pharmaceutical sciences, researchers pay more attention to the Buccal Drug Delivery Systems (BDDS). The advantages of BDDS are listed as follows: it can access to the lesion site directly without blood circulation or first-pass effect after administration; it would not be affected by gastrointestinal environment either;rapid onset and easy to carry; Furthermore, when serious adverse drug events happen, it could be immediately terminated. Buccal tablet is one form of the BDDS that widely used as anti-infection, anti-bacterial agents in clinical application for treating or preventing throat and oral disease. Buccal tablets such as watermelon frost buccal tablets, grass coral buccal tablets, Yinhuang buccal tablets, Cydiodine Buccal Tablets and Dequalinium Chloride Buccal Tablets are widely used in China.Xiqingguo, also known as zangqingguo, one of the commonly used traditional Chinese medicines, is the dry immature fruit of Terminalia chebula Retz. According to the Chinese Pharmacopeia 2015 edition (S1) records,it shows clearing heat and detoxification activity,mainly used for the treatment of Yin diphtheria. The main formulations are xiqingguo tea and particles, often used for the treatment of chronic pharyngitis and chronic tonsillitis.Previous studies had extracted the extractum from Xiqingguo and analyzed the main components by High performance liquid Chromatograph, HPLC). Results showed that the main components in Xiqingguo extractum were gallic acid, chebulinic acid, chebulagic acid, corilagin,chebulaninand other phenolic compounds with anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti -bacterial and anti-oxidative effects. Based on the pharmacological characteristics of the Xiqingguo, the aim of this study is to prepare Xiqingguo buccal tablets, which can access to the lesion site directly, rapid onset andeasy to carry.The appearance, hardness, solubility and taste were selected asquality indexs, taking orthogonal design to optimize the prescription and dosage of main materials, select the best prescription compositions, establish quality standards according to the ChinesePharmacopeia 2015 edition (S4) and evaluate the anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory in vitro and in vivo. Provide the basis for future study.MethodsPart 1 Study on preparation technology of Xiqingguo Buccal Tablets1.1 Wettability and fluidity investigation. We investigated the Wettability of xiqingguo extractum according to the drug Wettability Test guideline in Chinese Pharmacopeia 2015 edition (S4); we also utilized fixed cone method to evaluate the liquidity of xiqingguo extractum.1.2 Screening tableting method.Wet granulation method, dry granulation method, direct powder compression method and other methods were evaluated based on the quality of the prepared tablets and one of them was chosen as the most suitable method.1.3 Determined the lozenge diameter, weight, thickness of buccal tablets. According to the experimental purpose, combined with the commonly used tablet size, shape, size and thickness, we designed appropriate tablets.1.4 Quality indexs establishment. According to the common tablets and Chinese Pharmacopeia 2015 edition (S4),combined with the purpose of the experiment, we chose the tablet appearance, hardness, solubility and effects of taste as quality indexs.1.5 Selection of the drying time of wet particles. The drying time was established according to the moisture content of the dried particles and the quality of the tablets.1.6 Prescription selection. The type and amount of tablet diluents, wetting agent, lubricantand flavoring agents were screened and selected based on the results from single factor test and orthogonal design.1.7 Process validation under the laboratory conditions. We preparedthree batches of samples according to the optimized and selected prescription and assessed the quality.1.8 Measurement of Critical Relative Humidity. We prepared six different supersaturated salt solution and placed the particles under the condition of 25℃for 48h, measured the weight of moisture absorption, taking the relative humidity of the supersaturated salt solution as the abscissa and the particle moisture absorption rate as the ordinate, draw moisture curve, the abscissa value corresponding to the tangent intersection point of the curve is the critical relative humidity.Part 2 Study on quality standard of Xiqingguo Buccal Tablets2.1 Character investigation .Use sensory to investigate shape, smell and taste.2.2 Solubility determination. We took three batches of Xiqingguo Buccal Tablets , six pieces per batch（Batch number: 160530,160531 and 160601）,the solubility was determined in accordance with Chinese Pharmacopeia 2015 edition (S4) general rules 0921 disintegration time limit .2.3 Weight variation investigation. We took twenty Xiqingguo buccal tablets from three batches (160530,160531and160601) randomly and checked the weight variationin accordance with the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 edition (S4) general rules 0101.2.4 Uniformity investigation. The principal agents in Xiqingguo Buccal Tablets were phenolic acids (Gallic acid and other 5 components) which were lower than a single dose of twenty-five percent, thus, according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia requirements, we need to investigate the uniformity of Xiqingguo Buccal Tablets according to Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 Edition (S4) 0941 of the content uniformity test method.2.5 Content determination.We used HPLC to quantitative determine the concentration of gallic acid, chebulanin, corilagin, chebulagic acid, chebulinic acid in Xiqingguo Buccal Tablets.Part 3 Pharmacodynamics Preliminary Investigation of Xiqingguo Buccal Tablets in vitro and in vivo.3.1 The principal agents in Xiqingguo Buccal Tablets were phenolic acids (Gallic acid, chebuninic acid, chebulagic acid, corilagin and chebulanin), which had been reported as showinganti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and other effects. In this paper, we assessed the anti-bacterial effect in vitro by determining the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)of Xiqingguo Buccal Tablets against to Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. We also assessedthe anti-inflammatory effect Xiqingguo Buccal Tablets in vivo by using dimethylbenzene inducing ear edema model.ResultsPart 1 Study on preparation technology of Xiqingguo Buccal Tablets.1.1 Wettability and fluidity investigation.According to wettability and fluidity investigation, we found that the wettability and fluidity of xiqingguo extractum were poor.1.2 Prescription composition.By using single factor test and orthogonal design theoptimal formulation, we selected the optimal prescription composition: The ratio of lactose and mannitol was 1:3, ethanol concentration was 60%, magnesium stearate was 0.9% of the weight dry particles weight, aspartame dosage was 2% of the weight of dry particles, adding proper amount of orange flavor and menthol.1.3 Preparation technology. Proper amount of Xiqingguo extractum and lactose were weighed according to the prescription composition results and through over 100 mesh sieve, after mixing,added some mannitol and mixed, then added 60% ethanol dissolved menthol to the mixture to make the soft materials and granulation; Vacuum compression dried, weighed and after that, added magnesium stearate of prescriptions, aspartame and the amount of orange flavor and mixed, finally, tableting the particles by using 13mm shallow round die.1.4 Quality investigation and process validation. The appearance, hardness, solubility, taste were selected as quality indexes, the quality of prepared xiqingguo buccal tablets were assessed as qualified. The three batches of Xiqingguo Buccal Tablets samples appearance complete smooth, hardness moderated, taste good, which indicated that the Xiqingguo Buccal Tablets prescription meet the requirements.Part 2 Study on quality standard of Xiqingguo Buccal Tablets2.1 The prepared Xiqingguo Buccal Tablets looks like grayish white round shaped tablets, with good glossiness, light fragrance and sweet; weight variation and uniformity investigation of tablets were in line with the requirements.2.2 Establish and validate of the method for determination of Xiqingguo Buccal Tablets. Gallic acid,corilagin,chebulanin,chebulagic acid,chebulinic acid were in a good linear relationship with the range of 0.62 ~ 10μg/mL, 0.64 ~ 10.20μg/mL, 1.27 ~ 20.30μg/mL, 2.58 ~ 41.3μg/mL, 0.64 ~ 10.30μg/mL,respectively. The investigation of the precision, stability, repeatability and recovery of the sample showed that the method was reasonable and feasible.Part 3 Pharmacodynamics Preliminary Investigation of Xiqingguo Buccal Tablets in vitro and in vivo.3.1 The results showed that the Xiqingguo Buccal Tablets had inhibitory effects on Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, MIC were more than 1.25 mg/ mL, more than 2.5 mg/ mL, more than 2.5 mg/ mL, that XiqingguoBuccal Tablets had anti-bacterial effect.3.2 Anti-inflammatory effects of Xiqingguo Buccal Tablets in vivo by using dimethylbenzene inducing ear edema model showed that Xiqingguo Buccal Tablets had obvious anti- inflammatory effect.Conclusions1. Prescription and preparation process: The optimal prescription composition was add one portion of xiqingguo extractum with 13 portion of lactose and mannitol mixture(1:3, mass ratio), ethanol concentration was 60%, magnesium stearate was 0.9% of the weight dry particles weight, aspartame dosage is 2% of the weight of dry particles, adding proper amount of orange flavor.The preparing process was weighing proper amount of Xiqingguo extractumand lactose were weighed and through over 100 mesh sieve, after mixing,added some mannitol and mixed, then added 60% ethanol dissolved menthol to the mixture to make the soft materials and granulation; Vacuum compression dried, weighed and after that, added magnesium stearate of prescriptions, aspartame and the amount of orange flavor and mixed, finally, tableting the particles by using 13mm shallow round die.2. The prepared Xiqingguo Buccal Tablets samples appearance complete smooth, hardness moderated, taste good, which indicated that the Xiqingguo Buccal Tablets prescription meet the requirements. We also Establish and validate of the method for determination of Xiqingguo Buccal Tablets.3. In vitro and in vivo test results indicated that Xiqingguo Buccal Tablets showed stronger anti-bacterial effects and obvious anti-inflammatory effect.Key words:Xiqingguo Buccal Tablets; preparation; quality standard; Pharmacod- ynamics in vitro and in vivo.西青果口含片的研制摘要研究背景及目的随着医药工业的发展，口腔药物输送系统（Buccal Drug Delivery Systems，BDDS）因不受胃肠道环境的影响，用药后无首过效应，不经过血液循环而直接到达病灶部位发挥疗效，起效快，作用时间长，携带方便，当发生严重不良反应时，可以立即终止药物的继续吸收等优势，越来越受研究者的关注。

地质学报.英文版.

地质学报.英⽂版.2019-06-251.Taxonomy and Stratigraphy of Late Mesozoic Anurans and Urodeles from ChinaWANG Yuan2.Early Permian Conodonts from the Baoshan Block, Western Yunnan, ChinaJI Zhansheng，YAO Jianxin，JIN Xiaochi，YANG Xiangning，WANG Yizhao，Yang Hailin，WU Guichun3.Conodont Biostratigraphy of the Middle Cambrian through Lowermost Ordovician in Hunan, South ChinaDONG Xiping，John E.REPETSKI，Stig M.BERGSTR(O)M4.K-Ar Geochronology of Mesozoic Mafic Dikes in Shandong Province, Eastern China:Implications for Crustal ExtensionLiu Shen，HU Ruizhong，Zhao Junhong，Feng Caixia5.SHRIMP Geochronology of Volcanics of the Zhangjiakou and Yixian Formations, Northern Hebei Province, with a Discussion on the Age of the Xing'anling Group of the Great Hinggan Mountains and Volcanic Strata of the Southeastern Coastal Area of ChinaNIU Baogui，HE Zhengjun，SONG Biao，REN Jishun，Xiao Liwei6.Panorama of the Opening-Closing Tectonics Theory in ChinaYang Weiran，ZHENG Jiandong7.Characteristics and Tectonic Significance of the Gravity Field in South ChinaYAN Yafen，Wang Guangjie，ZHANG Zhongjie8.Surplus Space Method:A New Numerical Model for Prediction of Shallow-seated Magmatic BodiesDENG Jun，Huang Dinghua，Wang Qingfei，WAN Li，YAO Lingqing，GAO Bangfei，Liu Yan9.An Inverse Analysis of the Comprehensive Medium Parameters and a Simulation of the Crustal Deformation of the Qinghai-Tibet PlateauYang Zhiqiang，Chen Jianbing，JU Tianyi，LI Tianwen10.A Simple Monte Carlo Method for Locating the Three-dimensional Critical Slip Surface of a SlopeXIE Mowen11.Geochemistry of Ore Fluids and Rb-Sr Isotopic Dating for the Wulong Gold Deposit in Liaoning, ChinaWEI Junhao，QIU Xiaoping，GUO Dazhao，Tan Wenjuan12.Distribution Characteristics of Effective Source Rocks and Their Control on Hydrocarbon Accumulation:A Case Study from the Dongying Sag, Eastern ChinaZhu Guangyou，JIN Qiang，ZHANG Shuichang，Dai Jinxing，Zhang Linye，LI Jian13.Speleogenesis of Selected Caves beneath the Lunan Shilin and Caves of Fenglin Karst in Qiubei, YunnanStanka (S)EBELA，Tadej SLABE，LIU Hong，Petr PRUNER14.Abstracts of Acta Geologica Sinica (Chinese edition) Vol.78, No.6, 200415.Contents of Acta Geologica Sinica Vol.78, Nos.1-6, 20041.New Data of Phosphatized Acritarchs from the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation at Weng'an, Guizhou Province, Southwest China2.A New Genus of Fossil Cycads Yixianophyllum gen. nov. from the Late Jurassic Yixian Formation, Western Liaoning, China3.On a New Genus of Basal Neoceratopsian Dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of Gansu Province, China4.A Preliminary Study on the Red Beds in the Northern Heyuan Basin, Guangdong Province, China5.Field Relationships, Geochemistry, Zircon Ages and Evolution of a Late Archaean to Palaeoproterozoic Lower Crustal Section in the Hengshan Terrain of Northern China6.Relationships between Basic and Silicic Magmatism in Continental Rift Settings: A Petrogeochemical Study of Carboniferous Post-collisional Rift Silicic Volcanics in Tianshan, NW China7.SHRIMP Age of Exotic Zircons in the Mengyin Kimberlite, Shandong, and Their Formation8.Jurassic Intra-plate Basaltic Magmatism in Southeast China: Evidence from Geological and Geochemical Characteristics of the Chebu Gabbroite in Southern Jiangxi Provincete Paleozoic Fluid Systems and Their Ore-forming Effects in the Yuebei Basin, Northern Guangdong, China10.Origin and Distribution of Groundwater Chemical Fields of the Oilfield in the Songliao Basin, NE China11.Origins of High H2S-bearing Natural Gas in China12.Abstracts of Acta Geologica Sinica (Chinese Edition) Vol. 79, No. 5, 200513.GUIDANCE FOR CONTRIBUTORS1.A New Ceratopsian from the Upper Jurassic Houcheng Formation of Hebei, ChinaZHAO Xijin，CHENG Zhengwu，XU Xing，Peter J. 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ZHOU Yuefei，WANG Rucheng，LU Jianjun，LI Yiliang18.Abstracts of Acta Geologica Sinica (Chinese Edition) Vol. 80, No. 7, 200619.Abstracts of Acta Geologica Sinica (Chinese Edition) Vol. 80, No. 8, 200620.GUIDANCE FOR CONTRIBUTORS1.Jinfengopteryx Compared to Archaeopteryx, with Comments on the Mosaic Evolution of Long-tailed Avialan BirdsJIShu'an，JI Qiang2.New Nodosaurid Dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Lishui, Zhejiang Province, ChinaL(U) Junchang，JIN Xingsheng，SHENG Yiming，LI Yihong，WANG Guoping，Yoichi AZUMA3.The First Stegosaur (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) from the Upper Jurassic Shishugou Formation of Xinjiang, ChinaJIA Chengkai，Catherine A. FOSTER，XU Xing，James M. CLARK4.Precious Fossil-Bearing Beds of the Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation in Western Liaoning Province, ChinaZHANG Lijun，YANG Yajun，ZHANG Lidong，GUO Shengzhe，WANG Wuli，ZHENG Shaolin5.Miocene Tectonic Evolution from Dextral-Slip Thrusting to Extension in the Nyainqêntanglha Region of the Tibetan PlateauWU Zhenhan，Patrick J. BAROSH，ZHAO Xun，WU Zhonghai，HU Daogong，LIU Qisheng6.Mesoproterozoic Earthquake Events and Breakup of the Sino-Korean PlateQIAO Xiufu，GAO Linzhi，PENG Yang7.Sedimentology and Chronology of Paleogene Coarse Clastic Rocks in East-Central Tibet and Their Relationship to Early Tectonic UpliftZHOU Jiangyu，WANG Jianghai，K. H. BRIAN，A. YIN，M. S. MATTHEW8.Provenance of Precambrian Fe- and Al-rich Metapelites in the Yenisey Ridge and Kuznetsk Alatau, Siberia: Geochemical SignaturesIgor I. LIKHANOV，Vladimir V. REVERDATTO9.Early Indosinian Weiya Gabbro in Eastern Tianshan, China: Elemental and Sr-Nd-O Isotopic Geochemistry, and Its Tectonic ImplicationsZHANG Zunzhong，GU Lianxing，WU Changzhi，ZHAI Jianping，LI Weiqiang，TANG Junhua10.Diagenesis and Fluid Flow History in Sandstones of the Upper Permian Black Jack Formation, Gunnedah Basin, Eastern AustraliaBAI Guoping，John B. KEENE11.REE Geochemistry of Sulfides from the Huize Zn-Pb Ore Field, Yunnan Province: Implication for the Sources of Ore-forming MetalsLI Wenbo，HUANG Zhilong，QI Liang12.In, Sn, Pb and Zn Contents and Their Relationships in Ore-forming Fluids from Some In-rich and In-poor Deposits in ChinaZHANG Qian，ZHU Xiaoqing，HE Yuliang，ZHU Zhaohui13.Burial Records of Reactive Iron in Cretaceous Black Shales and Oceanic Red Beds from Southern TibetHUANG Yongjian，WANG Chengshan，HU Xiumian，CHEN Xi14.Modes of Occurrence and Geological Origin of Beryllium in Coals from the Pu'an Coalfield, Guizhou, Southwest ChinaYANG Jianye15.40Ar/39Ar Dating of the Shaxi Porphyry Cu-Au Deposit in the Southern Tan-Lu Fault Zone, Anhui ProvinceYANG Xiaoyong，ZHENG Yongfei，XIAO Yilin，DU Jianguo，SUN Weidong16.Carbonate Sequence Stratigraphy of a Back-Arc Basin: A Case Study of the Qom Formation in the Kashan Area, Central IranXU Guoqiang，ZHANG Shaonan，LI Zhongdong，SONG Lailiang，LIU Huimin17.Genetic Relationship between Natural Gas Dispersal Zone and Uranium Accumulation in the Northern Ordos Basin, ChinaGAN Huajun，XIAO Xianming，LU Yongchao，JIN Yongbin，TIAN Hui，LIU Dehan18.Occurrences of Excess 40Ar in Hydrothermal Tourmaline:Interpretations from 40Ar-39Ar Dating Results by Stepwise HeatingQIU Huaning，PU Zhiping，DAI Tongmo19.Removal of Cadmium Ions from Aqueous Solution by Silicate-incorporated HydroxyapatiteSHI Hebin，ZHONG Hong，LIU Yu，DENG Jinyang20.GUIDANCE FOR CONTRIBUTORS1.A New Titanosauriform Sauropod from the Early Late Cretaceous of Dongyang, Zhejiang ProvinceL(U) Junchang，Yoichi AZUMA，CHEN Rongjun，ZHENG Wenjie，JIN Xingsheng2.New Fossil Beetles of the Family Elateridae from the Jehol Biota of China (Coleoptera: Polyphaga)CHANG Huali，REN Dong3.New Record of Palaeoscolecids from the Early Cambrian of Yunnan, ChinaHU Shixue，LI Yong，LUO Huilin，FU Xiaoping，YOU Ting，PANG Jiyuan，LIU Qi，Michael STEINER4.Three New Stoneflies (Insecta: Plecoptera) from the Yixian Formation of Liaoning, ChinaLIU Yushuang，RENDong，Nina D. SINITSHENKOVA，SHIH Chungkun5.Annelid from the Neoproterozoic Doushantuo Formation in Northeastern Guizhou, ChinaWANG Yue，WANG Xunlian6.A New Female Cone, Araucaria beipoiaoensis sp. nov. from the Middle Jurassic Tiaojishan Formation, Beipiao, Western Liaoning, China and Its Evolutionary SignificanceZHENG Shaolin，ZHANG Lidong，ZHANG Wu，YANG Yajun7.The Most Complete Pistosauroid Skeleton from the Triassic of Yunnan, ChinaZHAO Lijun，Tamaki SATO，LI Chun8.Chitinozoans from the Fenxiang Formation (Early Ordovician) of Yichang, Hubei Province, ChinaCHENXiaohong，Florentin PARIS，ZHANG Miao9.Sedimentary Features and Implications for the Precambrian Non-stromatolitic Carbonate Succession: A Case Study of the Mesoproterozoic Gaoyuzhuang Formation at the Qiangou Section in Yanqing County of BeijingMEI Mingxiang10.Jurassic Tectonics of North China: A Synthetic ViewZHANG Yueqiao，DONG Shuwen，ZHAO Yue，ZHANG Tian11.Thick-skinned Contractional Salt Structures in the Kuqa Depression, the Northern Tarim Basin: Constraints from Physical ExperimentsYU Yixin，TANG Liangjie，YANG Wenjing，JIN Wenzheng，PENG Gengxin，LEI Ganglin12.Jurassic Tectonic Revolution in China and New Interpretation of the "Yanshan Movement"DONG Shuwen，ZHANG Yueqiao，LONG Changxing，YANG Zhenyu，JI Qiang，WANG Tao，HU Jianming，CHEN Xuanhuate Mesozoic Thermotectonic Evolution of the Jueluotage Range,Eastern Xinjiang, Northwest China: Evidence from Apatite Fission Track DataZHU Wenbin，WAN Jinglin，SHU Liangshu，ZHANG Zhiyong，SU Jinbao，SUN Yan，GUO Jichun，ZHANG Xueyun14.Basin-and Mountain-Building Dynamic Model of "Ramping-Detachment-Compression" in the West Kunlun-Southern Tarim Basin MarginCUI Junwen，LI Pengwu，GUO Xianpu，DING Xiaozhong，TANG Zhemin15.High Pressure Response of Rutile Polymorphs and Its Significance for Indicating the Subduction Depth of Continental CrustMENG Dawei，WU Xiuling，FAN Xiaoyu，ZHANG Zhengjie，CHEN Hong，MENG Xin，ZHENG Jianping HtTp:// 16.Exsolutions of Diopside and Magnetite in Olivine from Mantle Dunite, Luobusa Ophiolite, Tibet, ChinaRENYufeng，CHEN Fangyuan，YANG Jingsui，GAO Yuanhong17.SAED and HRTEM Investigation of PalygorskiteCHEN Tao，WANG Hejing，ZHANG Xiaoping，ZHENG Nan18.Petrologic and REE Geochemical Characters of Burnt RocksHUANG Lei，LIU Chiyang，YANG Lei，ZHAO Junfeng，FANG Jianjun19.Precise Dating and Geological Significance of the Caledonian Shangyou Pluton in South Jiangxi ProvinceMAO Jianren，ZENG Qingtao，LI Zilong，HU Qing，ZHAO Xilin，YE Haimin20.SHRIMP U-Pb Zircon Dating of the Tula Granite Pluton on the South Side of the Altun Fault and Its Geological ImplicationsWU Suoping，WU Cailai，WANG Meiying，CHEN Qilong，Joseph L. WOODEN21.Geochemistry and SHRIMP Zircon U-Pb Age of Post-Collisional Granites in the Southwest Tianshan Orogenic Belt of China: Examples from the Heiyingshan and Laohutai PlutonsLONG Lingli，GAO Jun，WANG Jingbin，QIANQing，XIONG Xianming，WANG Yuwang，WANG Lijuan，GAO Liming22.Zircon LA-ICP MS U-Pb Age, Sr-Nd-Pb Isotopic Compositions and Geochemistry of the Triassic Post-collisional Wulong Adakitic Granodiorite in the South Qinling, Central China, and Its PetrogenesisQIN Jiangfeng，LAI Shaocong，WANG Juan，LI Yongfei23.Estimating Influence of Crystallizing Latent Heat on Cooling-Crystallizing Process of a Granitic Melt and Its Geological ImplicationsZHANG Bangtong，WU Junqi，LING Hongfei，CHEN Peirong24.Archean Mass-independent Fractionation of Sulfur Isotope:New Evidence of Bedded Sulfide Deposits in the Yanlingguan-Shihezhuang area of Xintai, Shandong ProvinceLI Yanhe，HOU Kejun，WAN Defang，YUE Guoliang 25.Geochemical Mapping: With Special Emphasis on Analytical RequirementsXIE Xuejing，CHENG Hangxin，LIU Dawen1.A Baby Pterodactyloid Pterosaur from the Yixian Formation of Ningcheng, Inner Mongolia, ChinaL(U) Junchang2.A New Theropod Dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Lufeng, Yunnan, ChinaWU Xiao-chun，Philip J.CURRIE，DONG Zhiming，PAN Shigang，WANG Tao3.Aerodynamic Characteristics of the Crest with Membrane Attachment on Cretaceous Pterodactyloid NyctosaurusXING Lida，WU Jianghao，LU Yi，L(U) Junchang，JI Qiang4.New Fossil Palaeontinids from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China(Insecta, Hemiptera)WANG Ying，REN Dong5.Evolution of Dentary Diastema in Iguanodontian DinosaursKatsuhiro KUBOTA，Yoshitsugu KOBAYASHI6.Revision of the Clam Shrimp Genus Magumbonia from the Upper Jurassic of the Luanping Basin,Hebei,Northern ChinaLI Gang，SHEN Yanbin，LIU Yongqing，Peter BENGTSON，Helmut WILLEMS，Hiramichi HIRAN07.Yarlongite:A New Metallic Carbide MineralSHI Nicheng，BAI Wenji，LI Guowu，XIONG Ming，FANG Qingsong，YANG Jingsui，MA Zhesheng，RONG He8.Phase Equilibria of Hornblende-Bearing Eclogite in the Western Dabie Mountain,Central ChinaZHANG Jingsen，WEI Chunjing，LOU Yuxing，SU Xiangli9.Diagenesis and Evolution of the Holocene Coquinite from the Haishan Island,Eastern Guangdong,ChinaSUNJinlong，XU Huilong，QIU Xuelin，ZHAN Wenhuan，LI Yamin10.Structural Characteristics and Formation Mechanism in the Micangshan Foreland,South ChinaXU Huaming，LIU Shu，QU Guosheng，LI Yanfeng，SUN Gang，LIU Kang11.Tectonic Evolution of the Middle Frontal Area of the Longmen Mountain Thrust Belt, Western Sichuan Basin, ChinaJIN Wenzheng，TANG Liangjie，YANG Keming，WAN Guimei，L(U) ZhiZhou，YU Yixinx12.Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotopes of Waters in the Ordos Basin,China: Implications for Recharge of Groundwater in the North of Cretaceous Groundwater BasinYANG Yuncheng，SHEN Zhaoli，WENG Dongguang，HOU Guangcai，ZHAO Zhenhong，WANG Dong，PANG Zhonghe13.Variations of Microbial Communities and the Contents and Isotopic Compositions of Total Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen in Soil Samples during Their PreservationTAO Qianye，LI Yumei，WANG Guo'an，QIAO Yuhui，LIU Tung-Sheng14.Tectonic Landform of Quaternary Lakes and Its Implications for Deformation in the Northern Qinghai-Tibet PlateauWANG An，WANG Guocan，LI Dewei，XIE Defan，LIU Demin15.A Climatic Sequence Stratigraphic Model in the Terrestrial Lacustrine Basin:A Case Study of Green River Formation,Uinta Basin,USAWANG Junling，ZHENG Herong，XIAO Huanqin，ZHONG Guohong，Ronald STEEL，YIN Peigui16.Accumulation Mechanisms and Evolution History of the Giant Puguang Gas Field, Sichuan Basin, ChinaHAOFang，GUO Tonglou，DU Chunguo，ZOU Huayao，CAI Xunyu，ZHU Yangming，LI Pingping，WANGChunwu，ZHANG Yuanchun17.Origin and Accumulation of Natural Gases in the Upper Paleozoic Strata of the Ordos Basin in Central ChinaZHU Yangming，WANG Jibao，LIU Xinse，ZHANG Wenzheng18.Differential Tectonic Deformation of the Longmen Mountain Thrust Belt,Western Sichuan Basin,ChinaTANG Liangjie，YANG Keming，JIN Wenzheng，WAN Guime，L(U) Zhizhou，YU Yixin19.Tectonic Framework and Deep Structure of South China and Their Constraint to Oil-Gas Field DistributionWANG Qingchen，LIU Jinsong，DU Zhili，CAI Liguorge-scale Tazhong Ordovician Reef-fiat Oil-Gas Field in the Tarim Basin of ChinaZHOU Xinyuan，WANG Zhaoming，YANG Haijun，ZHANG Lijuan，HAN Jianfa，WANG Zhenyu注：本⽂为⽹友上传，不代表本站观点，与本站⽴场⽆关。

碧云天 BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒

BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒产品编号产品名称包装P0012 BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒 500次产品简介：¾BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒(BCA Protein Assay Kit)是根据目前世界上最常用的两种蛋白浓度检测方法之一BCA法研制而成，实现了蛋白浓度测定的简单，高稳定性，高灵敏度和高兼容性。

¾灵敏度高，检测浓度下限达到25µg/ml，最小检测蛋白量达到0.5µg，待测样品体积为1-20µl。

¾在50-2000µg/ml浓度范围内有较好的线性关系。

¾BCA法测定蛋白浓度不受绝大部分样品中的化学物质的影响，可以兼容样品中高达5%的SDS，5%的Triton X-100，5%的Tween 20, 60, 80。

但受螯合剂和略高浓度的还原剂的影响，需确保EDTA低于10mM，无EGTA，二硫苏糖醇低于1mM，β-巯基乙醇低于0.01%。

不适用BCA法时建议试用碧云天生产的Bradford蛋白浓度测定试剂盒(P0006)。

¾BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒对样品中各种物质的详细的兼容性，请参见碧云天如下网页:/Compatibility Chart For BCA Kit.pdf¾每个试剂盒可以检测500个样品。

包装清单：产品编号产品名称包装P0012-1 BCA试剂 A 100mlP0012-2 BCA试剂 B 3mlP0012-3 蛋白标准(5mg/ml BSA) 1ml—说明书1份保存条件：BCA试剂A和B室温保存，蛋白标准请-20℃冻存。

本试剂盒自订购之日起一年内有效。

注意事项：¾需酶标仪一台，测定波长为540-595nm之间，562nm最佳。

需96孔板。

如果没有酶标仪，也可以使用普通的分光光度计测定，但测定时，需根据比色皿的最小检测体积，适当加大BCA工作液的用量使不小于最小检测体积，样品和标准品的用量可相应按比例放大也可不变。

高效液相色谱法测定血浆中甘草西定浓度

甘草西定对照品由云南西力生物技术股份有限公司提供, 纯度 98% ; 乙腈和甲酸都是色谱级 (德国默克); 其他试剂为分析纯, 水为纯化水。
2摇方法与结果
2郾 1摇标准溶液的配制标准贮备液的配制: 精密称取甘草西定对照品
2 mg, 置 10 mL 量瓶中, 用乙腈定容至刻度, 得浓度为 0郾 2 mg / mL 的贮备液, 置 4 益冰箱保存, 临用时稀释至所需浓度。
Key words: licoricidin; HPLC; serum concentration
摇摇甘草在我国是一种古老的药用植物, 甘草的根茎具有显著的抗病毒、抗炎、抗癌、抗过敏、保肝和雌激素活性[1-3] 。甘草西定是甘草的主要成分之一, 其具有有很强的抗菌[4-5] 、抗癌[6] 、抗炎[7] 活性。此外, 甘草西定可防止 UVA 诱导的人皮肤成纤维细胞的光老化[8] 。在研究甘草西定药代动力学特征之前, 需要测定甘草西定的血药浓度, 然而甘草西定的血浆浓度测定至今没有相关报道。高效液相色谱法 ( high performance liquid chromatogra鄄 phy, HPLC) 是一种重要的检测方法[9-11] , 其能够定量检测药物在血浆中的浓度。本研究利用 HPLC 对甘草西定血浆浓度进行测定, 并对方法学进行了验证, 以期为今后甘草西定药代动力学研究提供分
析方法, 见图 1。
图 1摇甘草西定结构式
1摇仪器与材料 1郾 1摇仪器
日本岛津 LC-20AB 高效液相色谱仪, 其中包括 CTO - 20AB 柱温箱, SIL - 20A 自动进样器和 SPD-20A 紫外检测器; UV752 紫外可见分光光度

FUNCTIONAL IN VITRO IMMUNOASSAY

专利名称：FUNCTIONAL IN VITRO IMMUNOASSAY发明人：Manuel Schmidt,Burghardt Wittig,AstridSander,Yiyou Chen申请号：US12066365申请日：20060908公开号：US20090220931A1公开日：20090903专利内容由知识产权出版社提供专利附图：摘要：The invention relates to a method for the in vitro investigation of the effect of substances in in vivo processes and an in vitro detection method for the identification of immunomodulating compounds and/or the detection of the effect of immunomodulatingcompounds and the identification of apoptosis-inducing and/or necrosis-inducing compounds mediated by the immune system in in vivo processes. The methods according to the invention are particularly suitable for investigating effects of substances on cells, which are mediated by the immune system. Furthermore, the method according to the invention is suitable for in vitro monitoring of the in vivo effects before, during and/or after the administration of immunomodulating compounds and of apoptosis-inducing and/or necrosis-inducing compounds.申请人：Manuel Schmidt,Burghardt Wittig,Astrid Sander,Yiyou Chen地址：Berlin DE,Berlin DE,Berlin DE,San Jose CA US国籍：DE,DE,DE,US更多信息请下载全文后查看。

香豆素类化合物的药理作用研究进展

香豆素类化合物的药理作用研究进展张国铎;李航【摘要】香豆素(coumarins)是一类广泛存在于自然界中的天然化合物,具有广泛的药理作用,如抗肿瘤、抗人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)、抗氧化、抗茵、抗凝血、光敏等.同时已有研究证实,其药理作用与化学结构密切相关,因此可进一步研究开发更多的香豆素类化合物,从中寻找有效的先导化舍物和活性基团,通过结构修饰和筛选,开发出高效低毒的临床药物.该文就近年来香豆素类化合物在肿瘤、艾滋病等治疗领域的研究作一综述.%Coumarins are a group of important natural compounds,and have been found to have multi-biological activities such as anti tumor, anti - HIV, antioxidant, anti - microbial, anticoagulation, photoresponse, etc.At the same time, some researches had confirmed that its pharmacological effect is closely related to its chemicalstructure.Therefore, more coumarin compounds could be developed by further researches, from which we could find effective leading compounds and active groups.High efficiency and low toxin clinical drugs can be developed by structure modification and selection.Progress on pharmacological action of coumarins were overviewed in this paper.【期刊名称】《中国药业》【年(卷),期】2011(020)017【总页数】3页(P1-3)【关键词】香豆素;药理活性;构效关系;进展【作者】张国铎;李航【作者单位】重庆市第一人民医院,重庆,400011;重庆市第一人民医院,重庆,400011【正文语种】中文【中图分类】R282.71;R285.5香豆素(coumarins)是具有苯骈α－吡喃酮结构的一类化合物，可看作是顺式邻羟基桂皮酸脱水形成的内酯，绝大多数在C－7位有羟基或烃基，具有芳香气味。

《子宫息肉》书讯

[15] Miles S M , Hardy B L , Merrell D S. Investigation of themicrobiota of the reproductive tract in women undergoing a total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oopherectomy [ J ]. Fertil Steril, 2017, 107(3) ： 813-820：e811.[16] Rosenberg E ，Zilber-Rosenberg I .孟和译.共生总基因组：人类、动物、植物及其微生物区系[M ].北京：科学出版社，2019.[17] Haahr T , Zacho J , Brauner M, et al. Reproductive outcome ofpatients undergoing in vitro fertilisation treatment and diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis or abnormal vaginal microbiota ： a systematic PRISMA review and meta-analysis [J ]. BJOG, 2019, 126(2) ： 200-207.[18] Salah R M, Allam A M, Magdy A M, et al. Bacterial vaginosisand infertility ： cause or association? [ J ]. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 2013, 167(1) ： 59-63.[19] Bemabeu A , Lledo B , Diaz M C , et al. Effect of the vaginalmicrobiome on the pregnancy rate in women receiving assisted reproductive treatment [ J ]. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, 2019, 36(10)： 2111-2119.[20] Koedooder R , Singer M, Schoenmakers S , et al. The vaginalmicrobiome as a predictor for outcome of in vitro fertilization with or without intracytoplasmic sperm injection ： a prospective study [ J ]. Hum Reprod, 2019, 34(6) ： 1042-1054.[21] Kimura F , Takebayashi A , Ishida M, et al. Review ： Chronicendometritis and its effect on reproduction [ J ]. J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 2019, 45(5) ： 951-960.[22] Liu Y , Ko E Y , Wong K K , et al. Endometrial microbiota ininfertile women with and without chronic endometritis as diagnosed using a quantitative and reference range-based method [ J ]. Fertil Steril, 2019, 112(4)： 707-717. e l.[23 ] Vitagliano A , Saccardi C , Noventa M, et al. Effects of chronicendometritis therapy on in vitro fertilization outcome in women with repeated implantation failure ： a systematic review and metaanalysis [J ]. Fertil Steril, 2018, 110(1)： 103-112. e l.[24] Dlppolito S , Di Nicuolo F , Pontecorvi A, et al. Endometrialmicrobes and microbiome ： Recent insights on the inflammatory and immune " players" of the human endometrium [ J ] . Am J Reprod Immunol, 2018, 80(6) ： e l3065.中国计划生育和妇产科2021年第13卷第4期[25] M agdiY , El-Damen A , Fathi A M , et al. Revisiting themanagement of recurrent implantation failure through freeze-all policy [J ]. Fertil Steril, 2017, 108(1) ： 72-77.[26] Amarasekara R , Jayasekara R W , Senanayake H , et al.Microbiome of the placenta in pre-eclampsia supports the role of bacteria in the multifactorial cause of pre-eclampsia [ J ]. J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 2015, 41(5) ： 662-669.[27] Khan K N,Fujishita A,Masumoto H ,et al. Molecular detection ofintrauterine microbial colonization in women with endometriosis [J ]. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 2016, 199： 69-75.[28] Kitaya K , Nagai Y , Arai W, et al. Characterization of microbiotain endometrial fluid and vaginal secretions in infertile women with repeated implantation failure [ J ]. Mediators Inflamm, 2019, 2019： 4893437.[29] Moreno I, Garcia-Grau I, Bau D, et al. The first glimpse of theendometrial microbiota in early pregnancy [ J ]. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2020, 222(4) ： 296-305.[30] Graspeuntner S , Bohlmann M K , Gillmann K , et al. Microbiota-based analysis reveals specific bacterial traits and a novel strategy for the diagnosis of infectious infertility [ J ]. PLoS One, 2018, 13(1) ： e0191047.[31] Pelzer E S , Allan J A , Waterhouse M A , et al. Microorganismswithin human follicular fluid ： effects on IVF [ J ]. PLoS One, 2013, 8(3) ： e59062.[32] Einenkel R , Zygmunt M, Muzzio D O. Microorganisms in thehealthy upper reproductive tract ： from denial to beneficial assignments for reproductive biology [ J ]. Reprod Biol, 2019, 19(2) ： 113-118.[33 ] Chim S S-C , Li T C , Tsui S K-W, et al. Systematic comparison ofbacterial colonization of endometrial tissue and fluid samples in recurrent miscarriage patients ： implications for future endometrial microbiome studies [ J ]. Clinical Chemistry, 2018 , 64(12)： 1743-1752.[34] OCallaghan J L , Turner R , Dekker Nitert M, et al. Re-assessingmicrobiomes in the low-biomass reproductive niche [ J ]. BJO G , 2020, 127(2) ： 147-158.(收稿日期:202(M)7-14编辑:杨叶）• 19 •《子宫息肉》书讯石一复主编，李娟清黄凌霄副主编的《子宫息肉》一书已由科学出版社出版。

乌司他丁干预对水下爆炸致兔急性肺损伤TNF-α表达的影响

乌司他丁干预对水下爆炸致兔急性肺损伤TNF-α表达的影响孟凡凡;齐晓林;黄奕江;叶长青;王前进;马宏昊;邵先安【摘要】Objective The expression of TNF-α was detected in sera of rabbits treated by ulinastatin with acute lung injury in duced by underwater explosion.Methods Rabbits were randomly divided into two groups such as the injured group and ulinastatin therapy group.Established underwater explosion device was used to cause acute lung injury in rabbits.TNF-α in sera of the rabbits were measured by ELISA at 4,12 and 24 hours after the explosion.The SPSS17.0 software was used to analyze the data and P＜0.05 was considered to be significant.Results There was no significant difference between the concentrations of TNF-α in the sera of rabbits in the injure group (538.20±201.43 ng/L) and that of in the ulinastatin group (386.90± 109.22 ng/L,t=2.088,P=0.051) at 4 hours after burst.However,there was evidently decreased in the level of TNF-α in the ulinastatin group (400.60 ± 78.98 ng/L) compared with the injury group (573.80 ± 178.24 ng/L,t=2.809,P =0.012) at 12 hours after burst.Moreover and TNF-α in the ulinastatin group (356.10 ± 130.99 ng/L) was also decreased compared to the injure group (552.30± 169.64 ng/L,t=2.895,P=0.010) at 24 hours after burst.Conclusion The TNF-α expression in sera of the rabbits in ulinas tatin group were dramatically decreased than thai of in injury group at 12 hours after burst,which may be benefit to rabbits with acute lung injury induced by underwater explosion.%目的探讨乌司他丁干预对水下爆炸致兔急性肺损伤时肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor-alpha,TNF-α)的影响.方法健康新西兰兔随机分为爆炸损伤组与乌司他丁治疗组,以水下爆炸致兔急性肺损伤,用免疫酶联法检测爆炸后4,12和24 h血清中TNF-α浓度.以SPSS17.0统计软件进行分析,P＜0.05为差异具有统计学意义.结果爆炸后4h乌司他丁组TNF-α浓度为386.90±109.22 ng/L,爆炸损伤组TNF-α浓度为538.20±201.43 ng/L,二者相比无变化(t=2.088,P=0.051);爆炸后12 h乌司他丁组TNF-α浓度为400.60±78.98 ng/L,爆炸损伤组TNF-α浓度为573.80±178.24 ng/L,二者相比差异有统计学意义(t=2.809,P=0.012);24 h乌司他丁组TNF-α浓度为356.10±130.99 ng/L,爆炸损伤组为552.30±169.64 ng/L,二者相比差异也有统计学意义(t=2.895,P=0.010).结论鸟司他丁干预下实验兔在爆炸12 h后血清TNF-α降低.【期刊名称】《现代检验医学杂志》【年(卷),期】2017(032)003【总页数】3页(P131-132,136)【关键词】水下爆炸;急性肺损伤;乌司他丁;肿瘤坏死因子-α【作者】孟凡凡;齐晓林;黄奕江;叶长青;王前进;马宏昊;邵先安【作者单位】解放军第123医院检验科,安徽蚌埠233015;解放军第123医院检验科,安徽蚌埠233015;解放军第123医院检验科,安徽蚌埠233015;解放军第123医院检验科,安徽蚌埠233015;解放军第123医院检验科,安徽蚌埠233015;中国科技大学近代力学系爆炸实验室,合肥230027;解放军第123医院检验科,安徽蚌埠233015【正文语种】中文【中图分类】R-332一般认为，爆炸致胸部、腹部或脊髓等损伤较多[1]，而水下爆炸伤是岛礁作战和渡海登陆作战中常见的一种损伤，水下冲击伤以肺部损伤最为严重，是伤者死亡的主要原因之一[2]。

多西他赛注射液对血管刺激性与溶血性试验研究

多西他赛注射液对血管刺激性与溶血性试验研究苏宏健1，宗爽2，苏云明3，王忠4，黄炎41.哈药集团技术中心制剂研究室（黑龙江哈尔滨）；2.哈药集团生物工程有限公司（黑龙江哈尔滨）；3.黑龙江省中医药大学药理教研室；4.哈药集团技术中心摘要目的：观察多西他赛注射液是否具有血管刺激性、溶血反应。

方法：家兔耳缘静脉注射多西他赛注射液高、低剂量组，每日一次，连续5次，每天给药前及最后给药后48h、96h对动物和注射部位进行肉眼观察耳局部血管刺激情况，停药96h后对注射部位做病理组织学检查；体外不同浓度的多西他赛注射液0.1 0.5ml在2%兔红细胞混悬液中放置15min 4h，观察对兔红细胞悬液的溶血作用及有无红细胞凝聚作用。

结果：多西他赛注射液对家兔血管内皮没有损伤和刺激作用；对兔红细胞没有致溶血作用和凝聚作用。

结论：多西他赛注射液用药血管没有刺激性反应，无溶血及红细胞凝聚现象。

制剂有关安全性检测结果符合新药申报要求。

关键词：多西他赛注射液；特殊安全性；血管刺激；溶血中图分类号：R965；R979.1文献标识码：A文章编号：1006－2882（2012）01－032－02 Study of Docetaxel Injection on Vascular Irritation and Hemolysis TestSu Hongjian，et alPreparation Laboratory of Technical Center，Harbin Pharm aceutical GroupAbstract：Objective：To observe whether docetaxel injection has vascular stimulation，hemolyzation and agglutination.Methods：The vascular stimulation assay of docetaxel injection on rabbit at the dose of high and low group，qd for5days.Before injection and after administration of48h and96h，animals and the ear local vascular stimulation of injection site was the naked eye observation，drug withdrawal after96h histologic examination for the injection site.In vitro effects of dif-ferent concentration of docetaxel in0.1 0.5ml in2%rabbit red cells suspension placed15min 4h，observed on rabbit erythrocyte suspensions of hemolysis and red cell aggregation without.Results：It was showed that the docetaxel injection had no vascular irritation and injury effect on rabbit vascular endothelial cell.No evidences of hemolyzation and aggregation on rab-bit erythrocyte in vitro.Conclusion：The test results of docetaxel injection show there are no vascular stimulation on rabbit vas-cular endothelial cell and no hemolyzation or agglutination on rabbit red blood cells in vitro.These results of preparation safety will just fit the new drugs application reguirements.Key words：Docetaxel injection；special safety evaluation；vascular stimulation；hemolysis多西他赛为紫杉类药物，通过促进微管双聚体装配成微管，同时通过防止去多聚化过程而使微管稳定，阻滞细胞于G2和M期，从而抑制癌细胞的有丝分裂和增殖。

富血小板血浆制备方法稳定性的研究

富血小板血浆制备方法稳定性的研究潘红娟;王雅丽;吕爽;刘铁梅【期刊名称】《中国实验诊断学》【年(卷),期】2016(020)006【总页数】3页(P1008-1010)【作者】潘红娟;王雅丽;吕爽;刘铁梅【作者单位】吉林大学中日联谊医院输血科，吉林长春 130033;吉林大学中日联谊医院输血科，吉林长春 130033;吉林大学中日联谊医院输血科，吉林长春130033;吉林大学中日联谊医院输血科，吉林长春 130033【正文语种】中文富血小板血浆(platelet rich plasma，PRP)含有超过生理浓度数倍的血小板，作为一种自体血来源的产品，因获取过程创伤较小、制备简便及具有生物学治疗潜能等方面的优点，被广泛用于组织再生、创面修复、感染治疗和功能重建等领域[1，2]。

但目前实验及临床大都使用自体血液提取生长因子，这无疑会对患者机体形成二次创伤[3]，为了用尽可能少的血液制备出血小板含量较高且能满足临床需要量的PRP，本文将对PRP的制备方法提供新的参考。

1.1 实验标本取15例健康成年男性自愿者的外周血各40 ml，年龄 18-50岁，平均34岁。

其纳入标准为：①血红蛋白>120 g/L，血小板>100×109/L。

②采血前5 d 内未服用影响血小板功能和凝血系统的药物。

③无传染性疾病、相关血液疾病、严重心血管疾病及感染等。

所有自愿者知情并同意采血用于本实验。

1.2 主要试剂与仪器一次性采血袋(天津金耀氨基酸有限公司)，50 ml无菌离心管(Thermo scientific 公司)，20 ml一次性注射器(山东新华安得医疗用品有限公司)，9#腰椎穿刺针(苏州伟康医疗器械有限公司)，一次性塑料管(江苏康健医疗用品有限公司)；TDZ5-WS 台式低俗离心机(湖南赫西仪器装备有限公司)，苏净安泰超净工作台(北京华威兴业科技有限公司)，BC-6800 全自动血液分析仪(上海同舸医疗器械有限公司)。

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