A novel model for cost performance evaluation of pulverized coal injected into blast furna
中国阿片类药物治疗癌痛的药物经济学研究质量评价
and Oncticwahy impaireX utee exnoulasmio reticulum stress in pa-tiex-s with type2dianetes〔J〕.Dianetes251639(3)：63423.6Vivacyua A,de Mauo P,Belfiom A,et al.Recext anvances on therolc of microRNAs in both msulin resistance at cancee〔J〕•Cure Pharm Dcs,201733(25)：365326.I Til/H,Moschev AR,RoUex M.NAFLD and dianetes mellitus〔J〕.Na-Rca Gashoevterol Hexatol,251734(1)：3424.II Altalhi W,Sun X,Sivak JM,et al.Dianetes impaiu arterio-vexons specificahcw in evaineereV vasculae hmucs in a peUvascular cell rc-cmitmext-6exexnex-mannce〔J〕.Biomaterials,2017319：23-32. 1Ward PS,Thompson CB.Metanolic rexrovrammina:a cancer hallmark evex wamur/did no-anticipate〔J〕.Cancer Cell,2012；21(3)：259-393.1Saltiel AR,OlefsOp JM.Inflammatom mechanisms litino oUesity at metanolic disease〔J〕.J Clin Invest,2517327(1)：S2.1LechUe A,Pach6n G,Pethz J,et al.Phayocytic activity is impaireX in type2dianetes mellitus at increases01x1metanolic improvemext 〔J〕.PLoU Onc,2511；6(3)：e43366.1Syambato A,Cittadini A.1nflammahou at cancee：a mulhfaceteV link〔J〕.Ent Rca MeV Pharmacol Sci251634(4)：263-3.1Zhou XY,Xiao X,Huano TT, t al.Epiveve/c inactivation of follista-hn-likc1meXiatcs tumoe immune evasion in tsophamnoeal caumo-ma[J..Oncotaraet,2516；3(13)：1643324.17Sylva M,Li VS,Buffino AA,t al.Thc BMP antayouis-follistatin-likc1is repuireV foe skeletal at luno oraanovexesis〔J〕•PLoU Onc, 2011K)：e22616.1Yano W,Wn YQ,Wano C,tt al.FSTL1couthbutcs to tumoe puvus-siou via attexuatino apophsiz in a AKT/GSK-30-6epepnep-mannce in hepatocellulae carcinoma〔J〕.Cancer BiomarU,2017；25(1)：9525.1Xu XH,Zhana T,MoUon M,tt al.Follistatin-likc1as a novel anipo-myoUinc relateV to insulin resistance at ppysical activity〔J〕.J Clin Ennocrinol Metab,2020305(12)：daaan29.20朱文景，李智雄,安乃瑞，等•幽门螺杆菌感染性胃癌组织中yUmD1、MMP-9的表达及其临床意义〔〕〕•现代生物医学进展,2525；25(6)：S1732,0179.01张辉,吴秋歌J长坤，等・T淋巴细胞亚群、MMP9.MMP5在原发性肺癌中的表达及临床意义〔〕〕•癌症进展2525():25-3274.22尹佳新，田寅，葛忠耀，等9MMP-9.CD13s在乳腺癌组织中的表达及其相关性〔〕〕•黑龙江医药科学,2525；23(3)：5-9.09Yamana K.Endovevons moUulatore foe dma depepnepce〔J〕•Biol Pharm Bull,2503；31(9)：16352.〔25252925修回〕(编辑张艳利)中国阿片类药物治疗癌痛的药物经济学研究质量评价张迪-邹元君-金涛伟-刘佳-徐国成、，(、长春中医药大学，吉林长春185115；2北华大学)〔摘要〕目的分析中国阿片类药物治疗癌痛的经济性。
译林版高中英语选择性必修第二册课后习题 UNIT 1 The mass media 单元提能强化练
UNIT1单元提能强化练Ⅰ.阅读理解ATaylor has a very Forrest Gump-ian view of the ocean:“You never know what you’re going to find out there beyond the limit of your visibility.” Like Gump and his box of chocolates,Taylor,now 85 years old,holds burning curiosity for our oceans after a lifetime of swimming in them and learning about the oldest animal to still exist,the shark.Taylor grew up on the coast of New South Wales.She began spear fishing and worked her way up in her early 20s to become one of very few women who were professional spear fishers.But as she spent more time underwater—especially with the sharks,of which she only ever killed one—she had a change of heart and decided,along with her late husband and world spear fishing champion,Ron Taylor,to hang up her spear.From that point on,she would only shoot them with her camera.Thus,the Taylors became two of the first underwater photographers and cinematographers documenting sharks.As a pioneering shark conservationist,Taylor succeeded in many firsts throughout her life’s work.She was the first person to dive with sharks cageless,and the first person to put on a special suit to test the power of a shark bite.She was also the first to hand-feed a Great White shark and even pet it.Her husband was the first person in the world to film a Great White shark swimmingunderwater.Together they filmed all the live-action scenes with sharks,and because the public’s reaction to the film was so full of fear,they went on countless PR (public relations) tours to help correct the malign creatures’ image.Her research has become the basis for much of what we know about sharks today and she succeeded in becoming the first person to get Grey Nurse sharks protected in a specific area.There’s nothing she wouldn’t do to help prove that sharks are not dangerous monsters.1.What is the similarity between Taylor and Forrest Gump?A.Fond of chocolates.B.Good at swimming.C.Crazy about ocean animals.D.Eager to explore the unknown.2.Why was Taylor successful in being many firsts?A.She gave up spear fishing.B.She shifted her interest to photography.C.She devoted much of her life to shark conservation.D.She wanted to become a world spear fishing champion.3.What does the underlined word “malign” mean in paragraph 3?A.Frightening.B.Tricky.C.Selfish.D.Ugly.4.What is the significance of Taylor’s research?A.Proving that sharks are endangered.B.Having changed the false image of sharks.ying fundamental knowledge about sharks.D.Managing to get the Great White sharks protected.B(浙江A9协作体高二上期中)Born in a musical family in 1925 in New Orleans,Renald Richard spent his childhood filled with music.At the age of 13,he went to see a band perform at a church where he fell in love with trumpet.So,he started lessons on it,and later played it in the high school band.After high school,he was sent into military service and played his trumpet in the United States Navy Band.After ending up studying music at Xavier University of Louisiana,he played clubs on the famous Bourbon Street and also toured with many bands.In 1954,Richard was approached by Jeff Brown,the manager of musician Ray Charles.He invited Richard to join Ray Charles’ new band.“To be selected by Ray Charles was an honor to me.Ray Charles was exacting,” said Richard.“He was a perfectionist and was rather demanding about his music.”Renald Richard toured all over the South and West with Ray Charles.Sitting in the back seat of the car on the way to a concert,Richard wrote the song “I Got a Woman” for Charles,which became Ray Charles’ first number one radio hit.In 1954,Renald Richard left Ray Charles’ band.However,he stayed friendly with RayCharles over the years.He became the high school’s band director in his hometown until 1962.Four years later,he moved again to New York City.Over the years,Richard has written many other songs that have been recorded by artists including Joe Turner,the Beatles,the Rolling Stones and Elvis Presley to name but a few.Living now in Southern Florida,Richard is still active at the age of 92.As you can see,Renald Richard’s musical days are by no means near an end.That is today’s Celebrity Introduction.Any comments?Please write to us in the Comments Section on this page.5.How is the tee.B.In order of frequency.C.In order of preference.D.In order of importance.6.What does the underlined word “eean?A.Devoted.B.Careful.C.Strict.D.Enthusiastic.7.What would be the best title for the passage?A.A Life Filled with MusicB.Active at an Advanced AgeC.The Influence of a MusicianD.Renald Richard and Ray Charles8.Where would you be most likely to find this text?A.In a textbook.B.In a brochure.C.In a newspaper.D.On a website.CWhat are scientists?They are often described as gray-haired white-coated dull scholars.But the world has changed.Young scientists are making their voices heard and releasing their powers on the world stage.This is also true in China.Rising stars include new materials expert Gong Yongji,university professor Liu Mingzhen,and biologist Wan Ruixue.At the age of 28 in ,Wan Ruixue received the Science & SciLifeLab Prize for Young Scientists.This is a global prize to reward outstanding scientists at an early stage of their careers.She focuses mainly on biomedicine(生物医学) and artificial intelligence.“Both are cutting-edge(前沿) technologies at an early stage of development,” she said.“So,I think they have great potential to be developed.I think in the study of cutting-edge technologies,China and other leading countries in the world are standing on the same starting line.And in the study of structural biology,China is likely to become the leader.”She felt it was her fate to become a biologist.“I grew interested in the natural world,when I was very young,” she said.In ,she entered Sun Yat-sen University.In her third year at the university,she realized that she wanted to do something related to biomedicine.So she emailed China’s top biologist Shi Yigong,hoping to join his lab at Tsinghua University.Shi recognised her talent and welcomed her.Years of efforts at the lab have paid off.Her research on the high-definition 3D structure of spliceosome led to a scientific breakthrough.Unlike many of other young scientists who choose to pursue further study abroad,Wan currently has no plan to go overseas.“The whole ecosystem for scientific research is continually improving in China,” she said,adding that the country has great science facilities.9.What does the underlined word “releasing” in paragraph 2 mean?A.Giving out.B.Getting over.C.Finding out.D.Taking over.10.What does Wan Ruixue feel about the study of cutting-edge technologies in China?A.Anxious.B.Confident.C.Disappointed.D.Satisfied.11.What can we learn about Wan Ruiing a biologist?A.Her teacher led her into the field.B.She finds it’s easier than she thought.C.Her contribution has been recognised.D.She thinks it’s boring but worth trying.12.Which can be the best title of the text?A.China’s Breakthrough in ScienceB.Rising Young Scientists in ChinaC.Wan Ruixue:A Successful Young ScientistD.New Image of Chinese ScientistsⅡ.七选五(重庆高二上期中)LifeontheRoad:Meet“VanLifer”Aleke“Van life” has become more and more popular in recent years,with vans being turned into homes for life on the road. 1 We spoke to Aleke,who left her city life behind and began living out of a van in .At 26,Ulmke had her dream life,working as a government marine biologist in Seattle.But she had another dream:to travel the world.Ulmke bought a Volkswagen EuroVan—which she named “Penny”—quit her job and sold all her possessions to live on the road. 2 “The biggest challenge was feeling really lonely,”Ulmke said.After several months of traveling solo,she was joined by Talkeetna,a German shepherd who traveled with her for a year.3 “The bucket list never ends.You’re out there and you realize how much there is to see,” she said.However,she finally moved back home to Washington in before the pandemic.After years of living with few responsibilities,she entered her 30s.4 Now Ulmke is the owner of Wandering Roots Campers,a business that converts vans into homes for other van lifers.But she still takes Penny out on small trips on weekends.For those wanting to try van life,Ulmke recommends two things:First,learn to live without lue weekend solo trips before you consider quitting your job,loading your van and living on the road forever.A.Van life can be a lot of fun.B.Her first trip—alone—was to Alaska.C.But what is it really like to live in a van?D.And that turned out to be the worst ever trip.E.Then she felt ready to have a routine and stability again.F.Over four years,Ulmke traveled a lot of countries living out of vans.G.Showers,bathrooms and hot running water can be added to a van,but they come with a cost.Ⅲ.完形填空Zhi Yueying is a village teacher who has been working for almost four decades.When Zhi Yueying,then 19,went to the 1 Niyang village in Yichun city,Jiangxi Province,to work as a village teacher in 1980,villagers 2 if she was going to stay long.After all,a number of voluntary 3 had arrived before,but all had 4 soon after.Zhi,though,was there for more than thirty years,before going to a more remote village school in the mountains.Over the past four decades,Zhi has devoted herself to rural 5 .She is a recipient of Chin a Central Television’s Touching China awards that recognize the most 6 role models in .She was also 7 as a model poverty fighter by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council earlier this year.Born in Nanchang city,Jiange a teacher since childhood.She 8 to work as a teacher at the primary school in Niyang village after graduation,despite her mother’s strong 9 .Located amid the mountains,the village was very poor and far from any town.Villagers had to 10 in the mountains since there was noroad.Moreover,local people needed to go downhill to 11 daily necessities.“I had never walked on a mountain road before,so in the beginning,I walked much more 12 than others.Sometimes I was left behind too much and was scared t o tears,” says Zhi.But she gradually 13 to her life there.She has a profound understanding of the importance of education in the mountains.Over the years,Zhi taught the students and 14 them,since many of them were “left-behind” children whose 15 migrated to other places to work.More than 1,000 students of hers have left the mountain area,and created a better life for themselves.1.A.rich B.remoteC.niceD.fascinating2.A.imagined B.predictedC.requestedD.doubted3.A.guides B.studentsC.officialsD.teachers4.A.left B.stayedC.retiredD.settled5.A.tradition B.tourismcationD.business6.A.inspiring B.energeticC.matureD.knowledgeable7.A.demanded B.awardedC.assessedD.replaced8.A.happened B.failedC.refusedD.applied9.A.support B.oppositionC.pushD.belief10.A.race B.cycleC.hikeD.drive11.A.borrow B.sellC.buyD.find12.A.slowly B.happilyC.casuallyD.hurriedly13.A.stuck B.referredC.agreedD.adapted14.A.made up for B.cared forC.watched out forD.searched for15.A.parents B.neighborsC.relativesD.classmatesⅣ.语篇填空(江苏南京高二上期中)I graduated from Shaanedicine in 1994,and 1.(work) in orthopedics(骨科) for 26 years by the time I took part in 2. Chinese Medical Volunteers tour in Yushu,Qinghai Province in August .Then,I used Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) to treat a variety of health problems,including severe pains,blood pressure issues and knee 3. (injure).These conditions are 4.(primary) caused by the local people’s herding practice and the tough environment 5. they live,and are also associated with some of their unhealthy living habits.TCM methods can only relieve the pain for a short time,and sometimes they are unable to address the fundamental causes.So,I suggested that Chinese Medical Volunteers perform surgeries locally 6. bring the patients to better developed regions.We successfully completed surgeries on 21 patients.One surgery had to 7. (cancel) because the patient had severe heart failure.As the head of the surgical team,I was 8. a lot of pressure because we were responsible for ensuring the safety of every patient,9. (rid) them of their pain and improving their quality of life.Another goal of our action was 10. (provide) local medical workers with hands-on training,so local villagers would still be able to access quality treatment conveniently after we left.单元提能强化练Ⅰ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。
智慧树答案中美名作悦读与词汇解密(山东联盟)知到课后答案章节测试2022年
第一章1.“Icing on the cake” means “an additional benefit to something already good”.答案:对2.Meng Jiao’s well-known poem A Journeyer’s Song praises father’s love. 答案:错3.The novel To Kill A Mockingbird was written by Atticus Finch. Harper Lee,the main character of the novel, was the perfect model of fathers. 答案:错4. C. S. Lewis and J. R. R. Tolkien, two of the most famous actors, were greatfriends and inspired each other in their career.答案:错5.The Chinese film You and Me tells us a beautiful story of cross-generationfriendship.答案:对6.But they were _____ (肯定地) surprised and distressed to be referred to as ‘he’in your speech.答案:definitely7.I’m sure she’ll help you –she’s always very _____ (乐于助人的). She gets alongwell with everyone around her.答案:accommodating8.After days of _____ (深思) she decided to write back. She was determined tohelp her employees balance work and family responsibilities.答案:reflection 9.I love to go shopping at Lion Mall because the shop assistants are very _____(热情的). They are willing and eager to be helpful.答案:obliging10.He looked at the gold with _____ (贪婪的) eyes. He always wanted to havemore money than he really needed.答案:greedy第二章1.David likes TED speeches on a wide variety of topics.答案:对2.Public speaking is a relatively new fashion championed by TED talks. 答案:错3.Emperor Qi only used rewards to boost the morale of his soldier. 答案:错4.Philosophers in their speeches often appeal to emotions. 答案:错5.Speech skills are important, but far from enough to be a statesman. 答案:对6.He spent his time writing a few _____ (蹩脚的) poems and drawing severalpoor sketches.答案:shabby7.We just can't judge a writer by his _____ (收入).答案:income8. A small publisher on the verge of _____ (破产) took a chance to publish hisbook.答案:bankruptcy9.He staggered around his house, screaming in _____ (痛苦) of losing hisbeloved pet dog.答案:agony10.They've been living and working peacefully with members of various _____(民族的) groups.答案:ethnic第三章1.The Classic of Poetry is the oldest collection of poems in America. 答案:错2.Poetry shares one similarity with music in the sense that both are pleasing tothe ears.答案:对3.Poet’s Corner is a section of the South Transept of Westminster Abbey whereonly famous poets are buried and commemorated there.答案:错4. A Movable Feast is a book by Earnest Hemingway. 答案:对5.Sea is one of the universal themes for much of the poetry written around theworld.答案:错6.It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of agood fortune must be in want of a wife. Mr. Darcy was such a single man.Elizabeth was shocked when she realized Darcy’s _____ (巨大的) wealth.答案:overwhelming7.Newspapers relay daily accounts of goal-setting _____ (遍布的) in industriesand businesses up and down both Wall Street and Main Street , yet there has been surprisingly little research on how the long-trumpeted practice ofsetting goals may have contributed to the current economic crisis , andunethical behavior in general.答案: prevalent8.Sceneries on the lake during mid-autumn festival are really impressive. Thewater _____ (闪烁微光) in the moonlight.答案:shimmers9.Easter usually is observed in March. Easter bunnies have long beenconsidered a symbol of _____ (多产) and productivity.答案:fertility10.That night power was off. With a sense of romance, all rooms were lightedwith candles. Suddenly a gust of wind blew the _____ (摇曳的) candle out.答案:flickering第四章1.Alex Haley is the writer of famous novel Roots: The Saga of an AmericanFamily. 答案:对2.In Writing Three Thank-you Letters, there is a famous line—“One messagefrom home is worth a ton of gold.” 答案:错3.The American journalist Shana Alexander thought that letters areexpectations packaged in an envelope. 答案:对4.Tom Hiddleston once read a letter written by Sol LeWitt to his friend Eva.答案:错5.Letters, to some degree, are like a small piece of history that can be readmore than once, savored and treasured.答案:对6.Why do consumers, businesses and investors retreat and _____ (恐慌) in timesof depression?.答案:panic7.What we have to do is make sure we know what these are and take into _____(考虑到) all the possible variables. about national economies. 答案:account8.Much was _____ (新奇的) to him, for he had little experience of the world andhad no idea about how to tackle interpersonal relations.答案:novel9.Yemen _____ (控制) the strait at the southern end of the Red Sea. 答案:commands10.As the recipe suggests, it is advisable to cook the meat for a minimum of 2hours, or until it is _____ (煮烂的).答案:tender第五章1.O Sole Mio (My Sun) is one of the representative songs of José Carrenras. 答案:错2.To trace back the origin of opera, it actually derived from Greece.答案:对3.At the initial stage of Beijing Opera, Yuju exerted considerable influence on it.答案:错4.The color of white in Lianpuis used to reveals characters that are deceitfuland selfless.答案:错5.The world famous song Memory is from a musical called Cats. 答案:对6.The ________ (古老的) tradition of guessing the Lantern Riddles can be tracedback to the Song Dynasty.答案:immemorial7.It is a bit far from the church, so we have to set off at _______ (黎明) in ordernot to be late for Tom and Lily’swedding ceremony.答案:dawn8.Those trying to address issues of racial inequality need to constantly remindpeople of the inequalities that still exist to ________ (抵消) the Obama effect.答案:counteract9.After the serous accident, Tom’s wife _______ (照料) his back to health.答案:nursed10.If you ________ (超过) the speed limit, you will receive a ticket from the trafficpolice.答案:exceed第六章1.In ancient Chinese, the character “朋”and “友” have their respective meanings.答案:对2.The Chinese ancients also said, people who have the same ambitions,inter ests and hobbies are called “朋”. 答案:错3.In The Analects, for example, Confucius attached little importance to the roleof friends in one's growth. 答案:错4.The phrase “high mountains and flowing water” is used to represent bosomfriends.答案:对5.From ancient to modern times, friendship has always been the theme ofmany classic literary works.答案:对6.The whole human family is ________ (沐浴) with an element of love like a fineether.答案:bathed7.With all of our responsibilities fun seems like an _______(放纵). You need toshoulder all your responsibilities with reluctance. 答案:indulgence8.The house is dusted, all things fly into their places, the old coat is exchangedfor the new, and they must ______ (安排) a dinner if they can. 答案:get up9.But as soon as the stranger begins to intrude his ______(偏见) , his definitions,his defects, into the conversation, it is all over.答案:partialities10.Yesterday's emphatic victory was their fifth ______(连续地).答案:in succession第七章1.The craftsmanship spirit refers to the desire a craftsman has to make thingsskillfully with great care, and the drive to constantly perfect his skill.答案:对2.China is well-known for the exquisite craftsmanship and quality productseven in ancient times.答案:对3.Lu Ban was a legendary carpenter of the Qin Dynasty.答案:错4.The "Integration of Ji and Tao" describes the ultimate pursuit ofcraftsmanship spirit in ancient China.答案:对TV’s documentary Craftsmen of the Nationtellsthe life story of 24contemporary craftsmen from different countries. 答案:错6.It is said the loggers were destroying the forest and ___(践踏) on the rights ofthe natives.答案:trample7.Under his _____(有远见的) leadership, the company prospered. That’s why hewon the respect from every employee.答案:visionary8.____(我承认), I told a lie to my wife. But I felt guiltyand admitted my mistakeeventually.答案:I confess9.She was the victim of____(中伤) by jealous colleagues.It’s never easy to gain afoothold in the fierce competitionin the workplace.答案:backstabbing10.The Wandering Earth was a box-office ____(票房成功). It isa great domesticscience fiction movie.答案:smash第八章1.According to the opinions presented in this lecture, there are universalstandards of judging whether a piece of literary is a classic or not.答案:错2.When you are used to reading, reading can strengthen your attention span.答案:对3.The author of the famous novel Uncle Tom's Cabin is a woman, whose nameis Harriet Beecher Stowe.答案:对4.The film that a lot of Chinese people are familiar with, The Million PoundBank Note, is a story adapted from Twain's novel of the same title.答案:错5.Ernest Hemingway’s adventurous lifestyle and his public image brought himadmiration from later generations, and he won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954.答案:对6.He _____ (浏览) the novel quickly, then read it again more carefully.答案:skimmed7.The planet is so close to its star that any water would be turned to _____ (蒸汽).答案:vapor8.It’s amazing to see so many kinds of cosmetics(化妆品) here. But, how do youknow which product is best for your _____ (肤色)?答案:complexion9.Human beings need to have elegance in their actions and in their _____(姿态)because elegance is synonymous(同义词) with good taste, and harmony.答案:postures。
EVA——企业绩效评价新方法-美亚利桑那大学
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Efficiency measures, ABC, ABM measure sales performances customer profitability analysis product profitability analysis Divisional profitability
税务总局英语试题及答案
税务总局英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is not a tax type?A. Income TaxB. Value-Added Tax (VAT)C. Property TaxD. Membership Fee2. The tax rate for individual income tax is:A. FixedB. ProgressiveC. RegressiveB. Proportional3. When is the deadline for filing annual tax returns?A. March 31stB. April 15thC. May 31stD. June 30th4. What is the primary purpose of a tax audit?A. To verify the accuracy of tax returnsB. To increase tax revenueC. To penalize taxpayersD. To provide tax advice5. Which of the following is a tax deduction?A. Charitable donationsB. Personal expensesC. Entertainment costsD. Travel expenses6. What does VAT stand for?A. Vehicle and Transportation TaxB. Value-Added TaxC. Voluntary Assistance TaxD. Vendor and Trader Tax7. Who is responsible for collecting VAT?A. ConsumersB. TaxpayersC. BusinessesD. Government agencies8. What is the tax implication of depreciation?A. It increases taxable incomeB. It reduces taxable incomeC. It has no impact on taxable incomeD. It is not applicable to tax calculations9. Which of the following is not considered a tax evasion?A. Underreporting incomeB. Overpaying taxesC. Falsifying recordsD. Concealing income10. What is the main difference between direct and indirect taxes?A. The way they are collectedB. The type of goods they apply toC. The frequency of paymentD. The method of calculation二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）11. The standard rate of VAT in many countries is ________.12. Tax evasion is a criminal offense and can result in________ and/or imprisonment.13. Taxpayers are required to keep financial records for at least ________ years for tax purposes.14. The term 'tax bracket' refers to the range of income that is taxed at a ________ rate.15. A ________ is a legal document issued by the taxauthority to collect taxes.三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）16. Explain the concept of 'tax avoidance' and how it differs from 'tax evasion'.17. Describe the process of filing a tax return for an individual.18. What are the consequences of not paying taxes on time?19. Discuss the role of tax incentives in promoting economic growth.四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）20. Discuss the impact of tax policy on business decisions and investment strategies.21. Analyze the ethical considerations involved in tax planning and compliance.五、案例分析题（共20分）22. A company reported a profit of $500,000 for the fiscal year. The corporate tax rate is 25%. However, due to various tax deductions, the taxable income was reduced to $400,000. Calculate the tax liability for the company and discuss the implications of tax deductions on corporate financial planning.答案：一、选择题1. D2. B3. B4. A5. A6. B7. C8. B9. B10. A二、填空题11. 20%12. Fines13. 614. Specific15. Tax Assessment三、简答题16. Tax avoidance is the legal use of tax laws to minimize tax liability, whereas tax evasion is the illegal act of not paying taxes through fraudulent means.17. The process involves gathering financial records, calculating taxable income, applying deductions and credits, and submitting the tax return to the tax authority by the deadline.18. Consequences include fines, penalties, interest on overdue taxes, and potential legal action.19. Tax incentives can encourage investment and business activities, leading to job creation and economic growth.四、论述题20. Tax policies can influence business decisions by affecting costs, profitability, and cash flow, which in turn can impact investment strategies.21. Ethical considerations include compliance with tax laws, fairness in tax contributions, and transparency in financial reporting.五、案例分析题22. The tax liability is $400,000 * 25% = $100,000. Tax deductions can reduce tax liability, improving cash flow and potentially increasing investment in business growth.。
2024年教师资格(初级中学)-英语知识与教学能力(高中)考试历年真题摘选附带答案版
2024年教师资格（初级中学）-英语知识与教学能力（高中）考试历年真题摘选附带答案第1卷一.全考点押密题库(共100题)1.(单项选择题)(每题2.00 分) —Do you mind if I______the TV a bit?—Yes, I do, because Fm busy with my homework now.A. turn onB. turn upC. turndownD. turnoff2.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) A Chinese student makes a sentence as follows： He is a rich man who like traveling. The error in that sentence is the result of______.A. negative transferB. positive transferC. overgeneralizationD. pragmatic failure3.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The party’s reduced vote was______of lack of support for its policies.A. indicativeB. positiveC. revealingD. evident4.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following assumptions about vocabulary learning contradicts the modem language teaching theories?A. The best way to learn words is to use them.B. The best way to learn vocabulary is via rote learning.C. An English dictionary is an important aid to students.D. Learning a word involves learning more than just the word itself.5.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) I will always remember my mother^ last few days in this worlD.On February 14th,2000, my class went on a field trip to the beach. I had so much fun. When we returned to school, my teacher told me to go t o the headmaster’s office. When I got into the office，I saw a police officer. Suddenly I realized something was wrong. The police officer told me what had happened and we went to pick my sister up. After that, we went to the hospital and waiteD. Time went slowly.Finally, we got to see our mother, it was terrible.On the next day, the headmaster came and told my two teachers what had happeneD. I was taking a rest that day. I knew it had something to do with my mother. I kept thinking that she either died or had got better. How I wished that she had got better. When my teacher took me outside, my sister ran up to me. She started crying, “She’s gone. Teresa mommy’s gone. She’s deaD. ”1 couldn’t believe it. We jumped into the car and drove straight to the hospi tal. Most of my family were there. The silence was terrible. I knew I had to say goodbye.Today when I look back, I still miss my mother very much, but I know that I will live. My mother was a strong mother，who had the biggest heart. My mother was an angel walking on the earth. I will always remember her as she is living. When someone is asked who their heroes are ,they usually say someone famous, like Michael Jordan or Britney Spears. When someone asks me who my hero is, I tell them, my mother. My mother lives every day. That is what makes her a true hero.What did the headmaster tell the two teachers on the next day?______.A. Her mother had been very ill.B. Her mother had been deaD.C. Her mother had gotten better.D. Her sister came to see her.6.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The men who race the cars are generally small, with a tight, nervous look. They range from the early 20s to the middle 40s, and it is usually their nerves that go first.Fear is the driver’s constant companion, and tragedy can be just a step behinD. Scarcely a man in the 500 does not carry the scars of accident crashes. The mark of the plastic surgeon is everywhere, and burned skin is common. Sometimes a driver^ scars are invisible, part of his heritage. Two young drivers, Billy Vukovich and Gary Bettenhausen, raced in their first 500 in 1968. Less than 20 years before, their fathers also competed against one another on the Indy track-and died there.All this the drivers accept. Over the years, they have learned to trust their own techniques, reflexes, and courage. They depend, too, on a trusted servant-scientific engineering. Though they may not have had a great deal of schooling (an exception is New Zealand’s Bruce McLaren, who had an engineering degree), many drivers are gifted mechanics， with a feeling for their engines that amount to kinship.A few top drivers have become extremely wealthy, with six-figure incomes from prize money, endorsement, and jobs with auto-product manufacturers. Some have businesses of their own. McLaren designs racing chassis (底盘).Dan GumeyJs California factory manufactured the chassis of three of the first four cars in the 1968 Indy 500, including his own second place car. Yet money is not the only reason why men race cars. Perhaps it isn’t even the major reason. Three times Indy winner(1961, 1964, 1967).A. J. Foyt, for example, can frequently be found competing on dirty tracks in minor-league races, where money, crowds and safety features are limiteD. and only the danger is not. Why does he do it? Sometimes Foyt answers, “It’s in my blooD. ’’Other times he says, “It is good practice.” Now and then he replies, “Don’t ask dumb questions. ’’A. J. Foyt often takes part in minor-league races fo r______ .A. prize moneyB. blood testC. cheers from the crowdD. enjoyment7.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)A teacher may encourage students to__________ when they come acrossnew words infast reading.A. take notesB. ask for helpC. guess meaning from contextD. look up the words in a dictionary8.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) You II find this Travel Guide to be of great ( ) in helping you and your children to get around Malaysia.A. costB. priceC. valueD. expenditure9.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) If a teacher attempts to implement the top-down model to teachA. new word sifter playing the tapeB. new words before playing the tapeC. background information after playing the tapeD. background information before playing the tape10.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means______with my progress.A. the teacher is not satisfiedB. is the teacher not satisfiedC. the teacher is satisfiedD. is the teacher satisfied11.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) What stage can the following grammar activity be usedat?______.The teacher asks the students to arrange the words of the sentences into different columns marked subject, predicate, object, object complement, adverbial and so on.A. PresentationB. PracticeC. ProductionD. Preparation12.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Operations which left patients______and in need of long periods of discovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable.A. unhealthyB. exhaustedC. fearfulD. upset13.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Mr. King works in a shop and drives a car for the manager. He drives carefully and can keep calm in time of danger, and he has escaped from several accidents. The manager pays him more and the traffic policemen often speak highly of him.Mr. Baker, one of his friends, works in a factory outside the city. Ifs far from his house and he has to go to work by bus. As the traffic is crowded in the morning, sometimes he’s late for the work. His manager warns the young man that he will be sent away unless he gets to his office on time. He hopes to buy a car，but he hasn’t enough money. He decides to buy an old one. He went to the flea market and at last he chose a beautiful but cheap car. He said he wan— ted to have a trial drive, and the seller agreeD. He called Mr. King and asked him to give a hanD.Mr. King examined the car at first and then drove it away. It was five in the morning and there were few cars in the street. At first he drove slowly and it worked well. Then he drovefailed and nearly hit an old woman who was crossing the street. A policeman told him to stop, but the car went on until it hit a big tree by the roaD.“Didn’t you hear me?” the policeman asked angrily.“Yes，I did，sir，” said Mr. King，“ Since it doesn’t listen to me，can it obey you?”Mr. Baker went to the flea market to______.A. buy a second-hand carB. have a trial driveC. choose a new carD. sell his old car14.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)What is the author′ s attitude towards America′ s policies on global warming?A. Critical.B. Indifferent.C. Supportive.D. Compromising.15.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following activities helps to train the skill of listening for gist?A. After listening, the students are required to figure out the relationship between the characters.B. After listening, the students are required to sequence the sentences according to the story.C. After listening, the students are required to identify the characters appearing in the story.D. After listening, the students are required to decide upon the title for the text.16.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) —Did you return Tom?s call?—I didn’t need to______, Fll see him tomorrow.A. thoughtB. unlessC. whenD. because17.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) This skirt was made______your mother______her own measure.A. for; toC. to; toD. for; by18.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)She is __________ , from her recording, the diaries of Simon Forman.A. transcribingB. keepingC. paraphrasingD. recollecting19.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) There is no doubt______you will pass the exam this time. You have worked so hard in the past months.A. whetherB. thatC. ifD. what20.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) 阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项（请选择唯一正确的答案）Passage OneThere are many wetlands in China and some of them have become the world’s important wetlands. The Chinese Yellow Sea Wetlands are among them. They are in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province. They are home for many different kinds of birds and animals. The worlds largest Milu Deer Nature Reserve is in them. More than 700 milu deer live freely there. There are not many red-crowned cranes in the world, but every winter you can see some in the Red-crowned Cranes Nature Reserve in the Yellow Sea Wetlands.The temperature in the wetlands is usually neither too high nor too low. There is a lot of rain and sunshine, too. They are really good places for wildlife. Offering food and home for some special kinds of animals and birds is not the only reason why we need to protect wet-lands. Wetlands are important because they can also prevent floods. But some people want to change the wetlands to make more space for farms and buildings. This means there will be less and less space for wildlife.Luckily, more and more people are beginning to realize the importance Of wetlands and wildlife. Every year, on February 2, many activities are held to tell people more about wet-lands.The World Wetlands Day is on. ______ .B. June 25C. February 2D. March 2221.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)The committee __________ a conclusion only after days of discussion.A. releasedB. achievedC. reachedD. accomplished22.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Passage OneMove over Methuselah. Future generations could be living well into their second century and still doing Sudoku, if life expectancy predictions are true. Increasing by two years every decade, they show no signs of flattening out. Average lifespan worldwide is already double what it was 200 years ago. Since the 1980s, experts thought the increase in life expectancy would slow down and then stop, but forecasters have repeatedly been proved wrong.The reason behind the steady rise in life expectancy is “the decline in the death rate of the elderly”, says Professor Tom Kirkwood from Newcas tle University. He maintains that our bodies are evolving to maintain and repair themselves better and our genes are investing in →this process ←to put off the damage which will eventually lead to death. As a result, there is no ceiling imposed by the real ities of the ageing process. “There is no use-by-date when we age. Ageing is not a fixed biological process," Tom says.A large study of people aged 85 and over carried out by Professor Kirkwood discovered that there were a remarkable number of people enjoying good health and independence in their late 80s and beyonD. With people reaching old age in better shape, it is safe to assume that this is all due to better eating habits, living conditions, education and medicine.There are still many people who suffer from major health problems, but modem medicine means doctors are better at managing long-term health conditions like diabetes, high blood pres- sure and heart disease. “We are reaching old age with less accumulative damage than previous generations, we are less damaged," says Professor KirkwooD. Our softer lives and the improvements in nutrition and healthcare have had a direct impact on longevity.Nearly one-in-five people currency in the UK will live to see their 100th birthday, the Office for National Statistics predicted last year. Life expectancy at birth has continued to increase in the UK——from 73.4 years for the period 1991 to 1993 to 77.85 years for 2007 to 2009. A report in Science from 2002 which looked at life expectancy patterns in different countries since 1840 concluded that there was no sign of a natural limit to life.Researchers Jim Oeppen and Dr. James Vaupel found that people in the country with the highest life expectancy would live to an average age of 100 in about six decades. But they stopped short of predicting anything more."This is far from eternity: modest annual increments in life expectancy will never lead to immortality,” the researchers saiD.We do not seem to be approaching anything like the limits of life expectancy, says Professor David Leon from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. “There has been no flattening out of the best the groups which everyone knows have good life expectancy and→ low mortality←. ”he says.These groups, which tend to be in the higher social and economic groups in society, can live for several years longer than people in lower social groups, prompting calls for an end to inequalities within societies.Within populations, genes also have an important role to play in determining how long we could survive for, but environment is still the most important factor.It is no surprise that healthy-living societies like Japan have the highest life expectancies in the worlD. But it would still be incredible to think that life expectancy could go on rising forever. “I would bet there will be further increases in life expectancy and then it will probably begin to slow,” says Tom, “but we just don’t know.”The underlined phrase “low mortality” in Paragraph 8 could best be replaced by “→←".A. short life spanB. low death rateC. low illness rateD. good health condition23.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) For grammar teaching, if the rule is given first and explained and the student then has to apply the rule to given situation, the method is definedas______methoD.A. deductiveB. inductiveC. Grammar-translationD. audio-translation24.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)The most suitable question type to check students′ comprehension and developtheir critical thinking is __________.A. rhetorical questionsB. referential questionsC. close questionsD. display questions25.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following is NOT the advantage of group work?A. creating some peaceful and quiet time in classB. encouraging cooperation and negotiation skills among studentsC. encouraging different opinions and contributions to the workD. promoting students5 autonomy rather than follow the teachers26.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)--Would you like some noodles, Celia?--Yes, just___________, please.A. a fewB. fewC. a littleD. little27.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Modem scientists divide the process of dying into two stages-clinical or temporary death and biological death. Clinical death occurs when the vital organs, such as the heart or lungs, have ceased to function, but have not suffered permanent damage. The organism can still be reviveD. Biological death occurs when changes in the organism lead to the disintegration of vital cells and tissues. Death is then irreversible and final.Scientists have been seeking a way to prolong the period of clinical death so that the organism can be revived before biological death occurs. The best method developed so far involves cooling of the organism, combined with narcotic sleep. By slowing down the body^ metabolism, cooling delays the processes leading to biological death.To illustrate how this works, scientists performed an experiment on a six-year-old female monkey called KetA. The scientists put Keta to sleep with a narcotic. Then they surrounded her body with ice-bags and began checking her body temperature. When it had dropped to 28 degrees the scientists began draining blood from its body. The monkey’s blood pressure decreased and an hour later both the heart and breathing stopped; clinical death set in.this point the scientists pumped blood into its body in the direction of the heart and started artificial breathing. After two minutes the monkey’s heart became active once more. Aft er fifteen minutes, spontaneous breathing began, and after four hours Keta opened her eyes and lifted her heaD. After six hours, when the scientists tried to give her a penicillin injection. Keta seized the syringe and ran with it around the room. Her behavior differed little from that of a healthy animal.One characteristic of clinical death is______.A. lasting damage to the lungsB. destruction of the tissuesC. temporary non-functioning of the heartD. that the organism cannot be revived28.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following activities actually does not involve writing?→ ←.A. Completion according to outlines.B. Completion with multiple choices.C. Completion according to topic sentences.D. Completion with detailed examples related to the topiC.29.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) English teachers often ask students to ______ a passage to get the gist of it.A. skimB. scanC. predictD. describe30.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) —Must I finish the work today, Mom?__No, you_____. You can finish it tomorrow.A. mustn’tB. can’tC. shouldn’tD. needn’t31.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) ______ she heard her grandfather was bom in Germany.A. That was from her mumB. It was her mum thatC. It was from her mum thatD. It was her mum whom32.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) When we analyze the salt salinity (盐浓度)of ocean waters, we find that it varies only slightly from place to place. Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation. In thisextreme, of course, white salt would be left behind; this, by the way, is how much of the table salt we use is actually obtaineD.The opposite of evaporation is precipitation, such as rain, by which water is added to the ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted so that the salinity is decreaseD. This may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean. Thus salinity may be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation, or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation.Normally, in hot regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. Similarly, in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea, salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas.A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting of sea ice. When seawater is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behinD. In this manner, seawater directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeareD. Of course, when this ice melts, it will tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water.In the Weddell Sea, the densest water in the ocean is formed as a result of this freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold water. This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portion of the oceans of the worlD.It can be known from the passage that increase in the salinity of ocean water is caused by______.A. melting of sea iceB. precipitationC. evaporationD. supplement of salt33.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Mr. King works in a shop and drives a car for the manager. He drives carefully and can keep calm in time of danger, and he has escaped from several accidents. The manager pays him more and the traffic policemen often speak highly of him.Mr. Baker, one of his friends, works in a factory outside the city. Ifs far from his house and he has to go to work by bus. As the traffic is crowded in the morning, sometimes he’s late for the work. His manager warns the young man that he will be sent away unless he gets to his office on time. He hopes to buy a car，but he hasn’t enough money. He decides to buy an old one. He went to the flea market and at last he chose a beautiful but cheap car. He said he wan— ted to have a trial drive, and the seller agreeD. He called Mr. King and asked him to give a hanD.Mr. King examined the car at first and then drove it away. It was five in the morning and there were few cars in the street. At first he drove slowly and it worked well. Then he drovefailed and nearly hit an old woman who was crossing the street. A policeman told him to stop, but the car went on until it hit a big tree by the roaD.“Didn’t you hear me?” the policeman asked angrily.“Yes，I did，sir，” said Mr. King，“ Since it doesn’t listen to me，can it obey you?”What is a flea market?______.A. A market where fleas are solD.B. A market where cars are solD.C. A market where used and cheap goods are soldD. A supermarket.34.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) To their credit the Department of Energy______these ideas and funded a detailed study.A. took toB. took onC. took overD. took up35.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The phoneme/n/in the first word of all the following phrases changes to/m/except______.A. moon shineB. moon beamC. common propertyD. common wealth36.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows__________.A. generally distorted valuesB. unfair wealth distributionC. a marginalized lifestyleD. a rigid moral code37.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following can be regarded as a communicative language task? ______ .A. Information-gap activityC. Sentence transformationD. Blank-filling38.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Passage OneMove over Methuselah. Future generations could be living well into their second century and still doing Sudoku, if life expectancy predictions are true. Increasing by two years every decade, they show no signs of flattening out. Average lifespan worldwide is already double what it was 200 years ago. Since the 1980s, experts thought the increase in life expectancy would slow down and then stop, but forecasters have repeatedly been proved wrong.The reason behind the stead y rise in life expectancy is “the decline in the death rate of the elderly”, says Professor Tom Kirkwood from Newcastle University. He maintains that our bodies are evolving to maintain and repair themselves better and our genes are investing in →this process ←to put off the damage which will eventually lead to death. As a result, there is no ceiling imposed by the realities of the ageing process. “There is no use-by-date when we age. Ageing is not a fixed biological process," Tom says.A large study of people aged 85 and over carried out by Professor Kirkwood discovered that there were a remarkable number of people enjoying good health and independence in their late 80s and beyonD. With people reaching old age in better shape, it is safe to assume that this is all due to better eating habits, living conditions, education and medicine.There are still many people who suffer from major health problems, but modem medicine means doctors are better at managing long-term health conditions like diabetes, high blood pres- sure and heart disease. “We are reaching old age with less accumulative damage than previous generations, we are less damaged," says Professor KirkwooD. Our softer lives and the improvements in nutrition and healthcare have had a direct impact on longevity.Nearly one-in-five people currency in the UK will live to see their 100th birthday, the Office for National Statistics predicted last year. Life expectancy at birth has continued to increase in the UK——from 73.4 years for the period 1991 to 1993 to 77.85 years for 2007 to 2009. A report in Science from 2002 which looked at life expectancy patterns in different countries since 1840 concluded that there was no sign of a natural limit to life.Researchers Jim Oeppen and Dr. James Vaupel found that people in the country with the highest life expectancy would live to an average age of 100 in about six decades. But they stopped short of predicting anything more."This is far from eternity: modest annual increments in life expectancy will never lead to immortality,” the researchers saiD.We do not seem to be approaching anything like the limits of life expectancy, says Professor David Leon from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. “There has been no flattening out of the best the group s which everyone knows have good life expectancy and→ low mortality←. ”he says.for several years longer than people in lower social groups, prompting calls for an end to inequalities within societies.Within populations, genes also have an important role to play in determining how long we could survive for, but environment is still the most important factor.It is no surprise that healthy-living societies like Japan have the highest life expectancies in the worlD. But it would still be incredible to think that life expectancy could go on rising forever. “I would bet there will be further increases in life expectancy and then it will probably begin to slow,” says Tom, “but we just don’t know.”Which statement below is TRUE concerning life expectancy according to thepassage?→←.A. Life expectancy goes on rising forever.B. There could be further increases in life expectancy.C. Life expectancy has slowed down since 1980s and it will stop.D. Life expectancy in Japan doubles what it was 200 years ago.39.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)The message came to the villagers __________ the enemy had already fledthe village.A. whichB. whoC. thatD. where40.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)Which of the letter "u"in the following words has a different pronunciation from others?A. abuseB. useC. excuseD. lure41.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)Based on the experiment, which of the following may signal that the subjectis nearing the solution?A. The subject is begging to work.B. The subject looks away at something else.C. The subject is distracted from the given words.D. The subject concentrates on the given words all the time.42.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) New curriculum promotes the three-dimensional teaching objective which includes_______.A. knowledge, skills and method sB. emotional attitude and valuesC. knowledge, skills and emotionD. knowledge and skills； process and methods； emotional attitude and values43.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following nominating patterns can a teacher adopt to ensure that all students are actively involved in classroom activities?→ ←.A. Nominating those who are good at English.B. Asking questions in a predicable sequence.C. Nominating students after the question is given.D. Nominating students before giving the question.44.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Electronic books could revolutionize reading, but people ought to consider their far-reaching. “The e-book promises to wreak a slow havoc on life as we know it,” Jason Ohler, professor of technology assessment, University of Alaska Southeast in Juneau, warned the World Future Society, Bethesda, MD. His assessment weighed the pros and cons of e-book technology’s impact on social rela tionships, the environment, the economy，etC. Before you curl up with an e-book, consider the disadvantages.They increase eyestrain due to poor screen resolution, replace a relatively cheap commodity with a more expensive one, and displace workers in print book production and traditional publishing. E-books make it easy to share data, thereby threatening copyright agreements and reducing compensation of authors, as well as creating no biodegradable trash. On the other hand, e-books save paper and trees, reduce the burden of the carrying and storing of printed books, promote self- sufficiency in learning, and make reading a collaborative experience online. They also create new jobs for writers and artists and encourageself-publishing. In final analysis, Ohler points out, e-books should gain society’s approval if a few conditions are met: make them biodegradable and recyclable，solve the problem of eye fatigue，be sure the “have-nots” get the technology，and support e-book training in schools and business.What is e-books negative impact on social relationships?______.A. They create new jobs only for writers.B. Fewer and fewer people have access to new technology.C. They may threaten some traditional trades.。
江苏省南通如皋市2024~2025学年高二上学期教学质量调研(一)英语试题
江苏省南通如皋市2024~2025学年高二上学期教学质量调研（一）英语试题一、听力选择题1．How will the woman’s company advertise the new products?A．On TV.B．On a website.C．On outdoor posters2．What stops the man from buying the suit?A．It is too expensive.B．It is not the right color.C．It is not very comfortable. 3．Why is the man angry?A．The birds attacked his friends.B．The birds ate his plants.C．The birds scared him.4．What are the speakers celebrating?A．A wedding.B．Their graduation.C．An opening ceremony. 5．What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A．Friends.B．Relativesrub1ooon C．Co-workers.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
6．What will Dr. Jenkins do on Wednesday?A．Train a medical team.B．Perform an operation.C．Appear on a news show.7．Where will Dr. King be on Wednesday?A．At a meeting.B．At an interview.C．At a patient’s home.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8．Where are the speakers?A．In a car.B．In a bookstore.C．In a classroom.9．What does the man need to buy?A．A painting.B．Some books.C．Some art supplies.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
基于废弃聚氨酯泡沫为碳源的膨胀型阻燃EVA的燃烧性能
基于废弃聚氨酯泡沫为碳源的膨胀型阻燃EVA的燃烧性能李姗姗;钱翌;陈希磊【摘要】以废弃聚氨酯泡沫（WPU）为碳源、聚磷酸铵（APP）为酸源和气源、乙烯-乙酸乙烯共聚物（EVA）为基体树脂制备EVA/WPU/APP复合材料，并采用极限氧指数仪、垂直燃烧仪、锥形量热仪、烟密度测试仪研究了WPU与APP的配比对EVA/WPU/APP复合材料燃烧性能和生烟量的影响。
结果表明：EPA3[w （WPU），w（APP）分别为12%，18%]与EPA4[w（WPU），w（APP）分别为6%，24%]的极限氧指数分别为28.8%，29.8%，且UL94测试均达V-0级。
与其他试样相比，EPA3的热释放速率、总释放热等均最低。
点火条件下，EPA4的比光密度最高；而未点火条件下，WPU不能提高EVA/WPU/APP复合材料的比光密度。
%Ethylene-vinyl acetate(EVA)/wastepolyurethane(WPU)/ammonium polyphosphate(APP) composites were prepared based on WPU as carbon source,APP as acid source and air source and EVA as resin matrix. The effects of the ratio of WPU to APP on flammable properties and smoke production properties of the EVA/WPU/APP composites were studied by limiting oxygenindex(LOI),vertical burning test(UL 94),cone calorimeter test(CCT)and smoke density test(SDT). The results show that the LOI of EPA3 containing 12% of WPU and 18% of APP by mass and EPA4 with 6% of WPU and 24% of APP by mass are 28.8% and 29.8% respectively;and they both pass the UL 94 test,which reach V-0 level. The heat release rate,total heat release, etc. of EPA3 are the lowest compared with those of the other samples. EPA4 has the highestspecific optical density in the ignition condition,while WPU can not increase the specific optical density of the EVA/WPU/APP compositesin the non ignition condition.【期刊名称】《合成树脂及塑料》【年(卷),期】2015(000)002【总页数】5页(P23-27)【关键词】乙烯-乙酸乙烯共聚物;聚氨酯;膨胀型阻燃剂;聚磷酸铵【作者】李姗姗;钱翌;陈希磊【作者单位】青岛科技大学环境与安全工程学院，山东省青岛市 266042;青岛科技大学环境与安全工程学院，山东省青岛市 266042;青岛科技大学环境与安全工程学院，山东省青岛市 266042【正文语种】中文【中图分类】O632.3目前，废旧聚氨酯泡沫（WPU）的回收处理有物理法、化学法及焚烧法等[1]，但利用WPU制备阻燃剂的研究未见报道。
eva估值模型 python代码
EVA（经济增加值）估值模型是公司估值的重要工具之一，它基于经济增加值对公司作出估值。
在本文中，我们将介绍EVA估值模型以及如何使用Python代码来实现这一模型。
一、EVA估值模型的基本原理EVA是经济学家阿尔弗雷德·马歇尔提出的一种估值模型，它主要围绕着经济增加值这一概念展开。
经济增加值是指公司实际创造的价值，它通过公司经营活动所实现的利润来衡量。
EVA估值模型的核心思想是，公司的价值应该是其实际创造的经济增加值的总和，而不仅仅是其会计利润的总和。
EVA估值模型的计算公式如下：EVA = 经济增加值 - 股东权益成本其中，经济增加值（Economic Value Added）指的是公司利润抠除资本成本后的剩余部分，它可以用以下公式来表示：EVA = 净利润 - 资本成本× 投入资本股东权益成本（Cost of Equity）是指投资者对于投资公司所要求的回报率，它可以通过CAPM模型（Capital Asset Pricing Model）来计算。
二、使用Python代码实现EVA估值模型下面我们将介绍如何使用Python代码来实现EVA估值模型。
假设我们有一家公司的净利润为1000万元，资本成本为10，投入资本为5000万元，市场风险溢价为5，无风险利率为3，该公司的贝塔系数为1.2。
我们可以使用以下代码来计算该公司的EVA：```pythondef calculate_eva(net_profit, capital_cost, invested_capital):eva = net_profit - (capital_cost * invested_capital)return evadef calculate_cost_of_equity(beta, market_risk_premium,risk_free_rate):cost_of_equity = risk_free_rate + beta * market_risk_premium return cost_of_equitynet_profit = 1000capital_cost = 0.10invested_capital = 5000market_risk_premium = 0.05risk_free_rate = 0.03beta = 1.2eva = calculate_eva(net_profit, capital_cost, invested_capital) cost_of_equity = calculate_cost_of_equity(beta,market_risk_premium, risk_free_rate)evacost_of_equity```运行以上代码，我们可以得到该公司的EVA为400万元，股东权益成本为13。
商业银行EVA绩效评价模型的构建
商业银行EVA 绩效评价模型的构建宋英慧，王国凤（东北师范大学商学院，吉林长春１３０１１７）[摘要]ＥＶＡ作为一种新兴的企业绩效衡量指标，其优越性在于强调对全部资本成本的计量，要求企业管理者无论是运用债务资本还是权益资本都要充分考虑其资本成本。
它的核心理念是：资本获得的收益至少要能补偿投资者承担的风险和全部成本。
应用ＥＶＡ能够建立有效的激励报酬系统，这种系统通过将管理者的报酬与从增加股东财富的角度衡量企业业绩的ＥＶＡ指标相挂钩，正确引导管理者的努力方向，促使管理者充分关注企业的资本增值和长期经济效益。
[关键词]商业银行；ＥＶＡ；模型构建[中图分类号]Ｆ７１５[文献标识码]ＡThe Cons truction of EVA Performance Apprais al Model for Commercial BanksＳＯＮＧＹｉｎｇｈｕｉ，ＷＡＮＧＧｕｏｆｅｎｇAbs tract:ＥｃｏｎｏｍｉｃＶａｌｕｅＡｄｄｅｄ（ＥＶＡ），ａｎｅｍｅｒｇｉｎｇｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓｐｅｒｆｏｒｍａｎｃｅａｓｓｅｓｓｍｅｎｔｉｎｄｅｘ，ｓｔｒｅｓｓｅｓｏｎｔｈｅｃｏｕｎｔｏｆｔｏｔａｌｃａｐｉｔａｌｃｏｓｔ，ｂｏｔｈｄｅｂｔｃａｐｉｔａｌａｎｄｅｑｕｉｔｙｃａｐｉｔａｌ．Ｔｈｅｃｏｒｅｉｄｅａｏｆｔｈｉｓａｐｐｒａｉｓａｌｉｎｄｅｘｉｓｔｈａｔｔｈｅｐｒｏｆｉｔｇａｉｎｅｄｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｃａｐｉｔａｌｉｎｖｅｓｔｅｄｍｕｓｔａｔｌｅａｓｔｃｏｍｐｅｎｓａｔｅｆｏｒｔｈｅｒｉｓｋｓｔａｋｅｎｂｙｉｎｖｅｓｔｏｒｓａｎｄｆｏｒｔｈｅｅｎｔｉｒｅｃｏｓｔ．ＢｙｕｓｉｎｇＥＶＡ，ａｎｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅｉｎｃｅｎｔｉｖｅｐａｙｍｅｎｔｓｙｓｔｅｍｃｏｕｌｄｂｅｓｅｔｕｐ，ｗｈｉｃｈｗｉｌｌｏｒｉｅｎｔｍａｎａｇｅｒｓ＇ｅｆｆｏｒｔａｎｄｍａｋｅｔｈｅｍｐａｙｃｌｏｓｅａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｔｏｔｈｅｅｎｔｅｒｐｒｉｓｅｓ＇ｃａｐｉｔａｌａｐｐｒｅｃｉａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｌｏｎｇ－ｔｅｒｍｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｂｅｎｅ－ｆｉｔｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｒｅｌａｔｉｎｇｔｈｅｍａｎａｇｅｒｓ＇ｐａｙｍｅｎｔｗｉｔｈＥＶＡｔｈａｔｅｖａｌｕａｔｅｓｔｈｅｐｅｒｆｏｒｍａｎｃｅｏｆａｃｏｍｐａｎｙｉｎｔｅｒｍｓｏｆｔｈｅｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｏｆｓｈａｒｅｈｏｌｄｅｒｓ＇ｗｅａｌｔｈ．Key words :ｃｏｍｍｅｒｃｉａｌｂａｎｋｓ，ＥＶＡ，ｍｏｄｅｌｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎ[收稿日期]２０１２－０９－１７[作者简介]宋英慧（１９６８－），女，吉林长春人，东北师范大学商学院教授，东北师范大学人文学院教授，经济学博士。
EVA：一个较好的财务绩效评价方法【外文翻译】
本科毕业论文（设计）外文翻译原文：EV A: A better financial reporting toolEconomic Value Added (EV A) is a financial performance measure being adopted by many companies in corporate America. This new metric, trademarked by Stern Stewart and Company, is a profit measure based on the concept of true economic income which includes the cost of capital for all types of financing. EV A provides a more comprehensive measure of profitability than traditional measures because it indicates how well a firm has performed in relation to the amount of capital employed. This article summarizes the EV A concept of measuring profitability, the EV A calculation and the benefits of adopting an EV A framework.The EV A Concept of ProfitabilityEV A is based on the concept that a successful firm should earn at least its cost of capital. Firms that earn higher returns than financing costs benefit shareholders and account for increased shareholder value.In its simplest form, EV A can be expressed as the following equation:EV A = Operating Profit After Tax (NOPAT) - Cost of CapitalNOPAT is calculated as net operating income after depreciation, adjusted for items that move the profit measure closer to an economic measure of profitability. Adjustments include such items as: additions for interest expense after-taxes (including any implied interest expense on operating leases); increases in net capitalized R&D expenses; increases in the LIFO reserve; and goodwill amortization. Adjustments made to operating earnings for these items reflect the investments made by the firm or capital employed to achieve those profits. Stern Stewart has identified as many as 164 items for potential adjustment, but often only a few adjustments are necessary to provide a good measure of EV A.[1]Measurement of EV AMeasurement of EV A can be made using either an operating or financing approach. Under the operating approach, NOPAT is derived by deducting cash operating expenses and depreciation from sales. Interest expense is excluded because it is considered as a financing charge. Adjustments, which are referred to as equity equivalent adjustments, are designed to reflect economic reality and move income and capital to a more economically-based value. These adjustments are considered with cash taxes deducted to arrive at NOPAT.EV A is then measured by deducting the company's cost of capital from the NOPAT value. The amount of capital to be used in the EV A calculations is the same under either the operating or financing approach, but is calculated differently.The operating approach starts with assets and builds up to invested capital, including adjustments for economically derived equity equivalent values. The financing approach, on the other hand, starts with debt and adds all equity and equity equivalents to arrive at invested capital. Finally, the weighted average cost of capital, based on the relative values of debt and equity and their respective cost rates, is used to arrive at the cost of capital which is multiplied by the capital employed and deducted from the NOPAT value. The resulting amount is the current period's EV A.The remainder of this article summarizes the financing approach because it emphasizes the significance of capital employed and illustrates how accounting rules impact the calculation of EV A. Exhibit 1 on page 33 shows a sample calculation of EV A.EV A Calculation and AdjustmentsAs stated above, EV A is measured as NOPAT less a firm's cost of capital. NOPAT is obtained by adding interest expense after tax back to net income after-taxes, because interest is considered a capital charge for EV A. Interest expense will be included as part of capital charges in the after-tax cost of debt calculation.Other items that may require adjustment depend on company-specific activities. For example, when operating leases rather than financing leases are employed, interest expense is not recorded on the income statement, nor is a liability for futurelease payments recognized on the balance sheet. Thus, while interest is implicit in the yearly lease payments, an attempt is not made to distinguish it as a financing activity under GAAP.Under EV A, however, the interest portion of the payment is estimated and the after-tax amount from it is added back into NOPAT because the interest amount is considered a capital charge rather than an operating expense. The corresponding present value of future lease payments represents equity equivalents for purposes of capital employed by the firm, and an adjustment for capital is also required. See Exhibit 1 for sample adjustments commonly used in the calculation of EV A.R&D expense items call for careful evaluation and adjustment. While GAAP generally requires most R&D expenditures to be expensed immediately, EV A capitalizes successful R&D efforts and amortizes the amount over the period benefiting the successful R&D effort.Another example of an EV A adjustment is the LIFO reserve increase. The increase is added back to profit because it converts inventory from a LIFO to FIFO valuation, which is a better approximation of current replacement cost. The full amount of the LIFO reserve represents past holding gains and accordingly is added back to the equity component to reflect the capital invested by the firm in inventory not yet reflected in equity under GAAP.Other adjustments recommended by Stern Stewart include the amortization of goodwill. The annual amortization is added back for earnings measurement, while the accumulated amount of amortization is added back to equity equivalents. Goodwill amortization is handled in this manner because by "un-amortizing" goodwill, the rate of return reflects the true cash-on-yield. In addition, the decision to include the accumulated goodwill in capital improves the real cost of acquiring another firm's assets regardless of the manner in which the acquisition is accounted. While the above adjustments are common in EV A calculations, according to Stern Stewart, those items to be considered for adjustment should be based on the following criteria: Materiality: Adjustments should make a material difference in EV A.Manageability: Adjustments should impact future decisions.Definitiveness: Adjustments should be definitive and objectively determined.Simplicity: Adjustments should not be too complex.If an item meets all four of the criteria, it should be considered for adjustment. For example, the impact on EV A is usually minimal for firms having small amounts of operating leases. Under these conditions, it would be reasonable to ignore this item in the calculation of EV A. Furthermore, adjustments for items such as deferred taxes and various types of reserves (i.e. warranty expense, etc.) would be typical in the calculation of EV A, although the materiality for these items should be considered. Unusual gains or losses should also be examined and eliminated if appropriate. This last item is particularly important as it relates to EV A-based compensation plans.The Significance of the Capital ChargeUnder traditional financial reporting, a cost rate is not assigned for the equity used to finance operations. Thus, the use of net income as a performance measure is limited by the exclusion of that cost. In addition, when used in calculations such as return on equity, net income also includes the accounting distortions included in its calculation and that of book value.EV A, on the other hand, through its adjustment efforts, seeks to eliminate the impact of accounting distortions while treating the impact of financing costs more comprehensively in its capital cost charge. Therefore, a truer measure of economic profit is provided by EV A than that provided by the use of traditional GAAP-based measures. This may be significant because some companies spend heavily on R&D and the accounting treatment for this and certain in tangibles is not included on GAAP-based balance sheets. EV A provides a way to compare performance among firms impacted by these accounting weaknesses.The specific amount of the capital charge for EV A is based on the amount of equity equivalents determined after adjustments, multiplied by the capital cost rate. The capital cost rate is based on the individual cost rates for both debt and equity. While the cost rate for debt can be readily determined, the rate for equity requires some effort. The cost for equity can be measured by using the capital asset pricing model, or other risk premium approaches.Once that rate is determined, it is combined with the relative proportions of capital to produce the weighted average cost of capital (WACC). It is that overall rate, when combined with all capital including equity equivalents, that produces the overall capital charge used in EV A. After the capital charge is calculated and deducted from NOPAT, the full extent of EV A' s benefits can be observed, because all opportunity costs involved in the production of income have been measured and included in profitability. An example of the WACC is shown in Exhibit 1.EV A-Based Compensation PlansFor firms that reward managers based on performance, EV A can offer advantages over traditional profit-based plans. First, by tying compensation to a better performance metric, the company can achieve a better matching of its own objectives with those of the manager. Second, EV A can help reduce some conflicts of interest often associated with managers and profitability measurement. Because an objective of EV A is to eliminate the impact of accounting distortions on profitability and the influence of management in its calculation, EV A is a better representation upon which to reward executives.It should be noted that EV A measurement is not without subjective elements. It may be necessary to involve an independent committee to determine the appropriateness of specific EV A adjustments and how to best handle unusual situations. Stern Stewart also recommends that EV A-based bonus systems involve some form of deferral of pay with the full amount of EV A bonuses dependent on long-term success.This feature of paying only a portion of the current amount and banking the remainder for the future is an important component of the system and is designed to enhance long-term loyalty to the firm. Bonuses should also be uncapped and include stock options, thereby turning managers into owners. The ability of the system to lower bonuses based on subsequent performance is one feature that makes EV A systems fair to both the company and its managers. Thus, EV A and its inclusion in compensation, rewards long-term success and helps the company promote this aspect of corporate performance.The overall success of the plan is dependent on several important factors including the ability of all employees to understand and agree with its goals. To reach this objective, it is necessary to provide focused training of EV A to all employees in the company. In that way, everyone better understands the philosophy and their role in the system. While this training may take considerable time and effort, it is usually rewarded by sustained improvements in EV A.EV A DriversAnother advantage of EV A systems is the emphasis on EV A drivers and the contribution of certain activities to EV A. When implementing EV A, firms seek to determine those areas of the business most responsible for success. By isolating activities, such as inventory management or capacity utilization, firms can judge the value of these on projects, divisions, etc. Thus management can focus on ways to increase economic value, rather than on reported numbers alone. By including capital contributions which do not require a stock price, firms are also able to use EV A in evaluating the performance of individual units or divisions of the firm as well as the managers who run those businesses. EV A helps focus on improving operating profits without tying up more capital in the business, curtailing or liquidating investments that do not meet capital costs, and/or reducing the cost of capital. Management actions such as cost reductions, improvements in technology, reduced working capital, or the optimal use of debt, represent the types of benefits resulting from EV A analysis and implementation.Share Price and EV AA controversy that surrounds EV A is whether it correlates well with a firm's stock prices as claimed by Stern Stewart. While many believe that it does, the results of several studies are mixed.[3] Nevertheless, many seem convinced of the overall benefit of EV A. Therefore, firms contemplating the adoption of EV A, or any performance-based measure used for decision making and compensation, should examine their own individual characteristics, the underlying theory of the measure sought, and the likelihood that the measure selected will capture the attributes it seeks.For advocates of EV A, the underlying theory of finance embedded in itscalculation is one of its strengths. This can more easily be seen when one considers that the present value of EV A parallels that of using net present value, and for capital projects, would be expected to yield a similar result.Source: Larry M.Prober,2000 “EV A: A better financial reporting tool”. Pennsylvania CPA Journal, vol.71, lessue 3,p27.译文：EV A：一个较好的财务绩效评价方法经济增加值（EV A）作为财务绩效评价的一种方法，目前正被很多美国公司所应用。
《了不起的盖茨比》的叙事风格
- 244-校园英语 / 文艺研究《了不起的盖茨比》的叙事风格暨南大学/李洁The Great Gatsby written by F. Scott Fitzgerald manifests the various themes of the American Dream and moral values by using the special narrative style. In this essay, I will argue that the first-person narrative style employed in 'The Great Gatsby' strengthens the narrator's idolization of Jay Gatsby, is central to the individual's perspective which is portrayed by Nick Carraway of the American Dream and its disillusionment, and is a useful device to build up suspense and irony.The first-person narrative is a narrative style that modernist works of literature typically employ to highlight subjective experiences, Nick is flawed, following the emergence of Freudian psychoanalytical theories in the early twentieth century. The use of 'I', a first person pronoun, is indicative of the first-person narrative technique that lends a limited perspective to the story about its eponymous protagonist and lay the full text of an subjective tone. It also makes Nick an unreliable narrator, as his perspective is only one perspective and cannot be completely trusted as it is biased. “For Nick sometimes sees only part of a meaning that a scene carries, sometimes shifts ground perplexingly, and sometimes even strains ‘judgments ’ out of inconclusive evidence.”(Cartwright,1984) “Nick suspends disbelief and enters Gatsby ’s world, accepting his terms of discourse.”(Hochman, 2010) “And it was from Cord that he inherited money.”(p.97) Nick glossed over Gatsby's shady dealings as a businessman. That ’s why Nick is unrealible.This kind of first-person limited perspective can be Dialect and foreign language are widely used as most useful means of induced laughter in China's comedy. In the US sitcom. English variants and foreign languages are frequently used by writers as means of speech-induced laughter. Sometimes there are several actors who are native speaker inadvertently or deliberately mimic the use of English variants of the phenomenon. In addition, some dialogue in comedy scenes will also appear to be mixed language. We will take Joey ’s stage show as an example.Example:Joey: (On stage in an Austrian accent) Vell, Eva, we ’ve done some excellent vork here, and I vould have to say, your pwoblem is qviiite clear.乔伊：伊娃，我们有不凑的进展——version 1(我们有不错的进展)——version 2老俗说，你的困老很清此(老实说，你的困扰很清楚)If we choose to translate it into version two, the sentences won ’t be funny at all. In most cases, to translate the original scene ’s varieties of accents to another language will inevitably lose a certain artistic features of the original. How the Chinese audience feel it depends on their familiarity in source language pronunciation and intonation as well as the recognition of the person ’s status. In this case Joey has to change into the Austrian accent. Voice-level variation with physical performance will certainly make the audience laugh. The version 1 successfully conveys the message, but it requires some time. So it ’s better to combine version 1 with 2, and audience will laugh in a second.ConclusionTo achieve good translation of humor by wordplay, we should follow the principle of translation: remaining the original purpose of sources and meanwhile creating the humor effect in Chinese translation version. This paper mainly concerns the wordplay in sitcom and the relative translation devices anddiscusses the limitation and how to deal with it. The purpose of translation is to decrease the distance between the original text and the target language. The paper uses Friends as a medium, and applies Nida ’s Equivalence Theory to wordplay translation. It is proved that an excellent sitcom translator should transfer the message of the source text and the humorous effect expressed in the source language at the same time. It is necessary for a subtitle translator to choose translation strategies flexibly and try to enhance the acceptability of the translated version, and should try the best to reach the “maximal purpose ” as Nida put: to produce approximately the same impact on the target language receptor as what the original does upon the original receptor.References:[1]Gottlieb,Henrik.Traductio:essays on punning and translation: You got the Picture?——On the Polysemiotics of Subtitling Wordplay[C].Manchester:St.Jerome,1997.[2]Nida,Eugene nguage,Culture,and Translating[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,1993.[3]Schroter,Torsten.Quantity and Quality in Screen Translation[J]. Perspectives:Studies in Translatology.2003,11(2):105-124.[4]Schroter,Torsten.Of Holy Goats and the NYPD:A study of Language-based Screen Humour in Translation:Claims,Changes and Challenges in Translation Studies[C].by Gyde Hansen, Kirsten Malmkjar and Daniel Gile.Amsterdam:John Benjamins Publishing Company,2004.[5]欧阳利锋.如何翻译幽默[J].广州外语外贸大学学报.2002(3): 49-54.[6]张南峰.Delabastita 的双关语翻译理论在英汉翻译中的应用[J].中国翻译.2003(1):30-36.[7]张南峰.艾克西拉的文化专有项翻译策略评价[J].中国翻译.2004a(1):18-23.校园英语 / 文艺研究helpful to combine the content with form perfectly and give us a fresh feeling. By what Nick saw, heard and thought, the novel signifies the luxurious, decadent and indulgent lifestyle at that time and readers have more intuitive feelings about the disillusionment theme of the American Dream. “I began to like New York”(p.57)“That’s my Middle West.”(p.167) We can see Nick's optimism at the start, which changes to a deep pessimism for the American Dream. He finds out that it is a lie and that society is destroyed by it. 'Green light' is the symbolic of the American Dream and is a illusion.“The theme of Gatsby is the withering of the American dream. The Great Gatsby is an exploration of the American dream as it exists in a corrupt period, and it is an attempt to determine that concealed boundary that divides the reality from the illusions.”(Brewley,1954)Not only is Nick the narrator, but also he is the witness of the tragedy and one of the protagonists. This narrative mode narrows the distance between the narrator and the story, “distance between the narrator's perception and the reader's perception.”(Boyle, 1969) in other words, the story based on his personal experience makes the fictionality of the story reduce to a minimum, the story showed the greatest degree of authenticity and credibility although his is unreliable narrator.There are four ways to narrate the story, one is Nick himself describes his own personal experiences with Gatsby. Nick is Gatsby’s neighbor, Daisy’s cousin and Tom’s classmate in the university. So he can get some information about Gatsby and witness some dramatic scenes, such as Gatsby’s behavior and manner of speaking, the lavish party, Gatsby’s appointment with Daisy, Gatsby’s quarrel with Tom. As a witness and a protagonist, Nick can observe Gatsby from a distance, listen to others’ gossip and speculation about the identity of the Gatsby in the party.Nick witnessed the sad scene after Gatsby’s death that form a strong and sharp contrast between the lifetime of glitz and death. It deepens the tragic effect of the novel and strengthen the theme. Nick discloses the story of Gatsby to more degree, besides Nick tells his experiences without too much modification. Nick broadly understood some details in this way. Nick was invited to join in the grand party so that he witnessed the luxury and depravity in the society, he gradually knew Gatsby’s characteristics. He was forced to visit Tom’s lover Mrytle. He was brought by Gatsby to visit friend Wolfshiem who told Nick about the sources of his wealth.The second one is others provide the information about Gatsby for Nick. Nick is not the God, he has not the omniscient perspective, he just a narrator, he cannot know about anything. In order to develop the plot, Nick gives way to the other characters, other persons’ descriptions are required to make up for gaps in the narrative process. “Nick repeatedly listens to stories, stories told by Daisy, Gatsby, Jordan, Myrtle. Presented not merely as writer and storyteller, but also as a recipient of other people’s stories.”(Hochman,2010)When the affair between Gatsby and Daisy, the sub-character Jordan Baker helped a lot. In chapter 4, “One October day in nineteen-seventeen (said Jordan Baker that afternoon, sitting up very straight on the straight chair in the tea-garden at the Plaza Hotel) I was walking along from one place to another.”(p.72) From here, the perspective has transformed to Jordan at this moment. She started to narrate the story instead of Nick. Readers get information indirectly by her and know Gatsby has connection with Daisy. Another example is about the past of the Gatsby. Nick knew nothing about the experience of Gatsby, so he only showed to the readers the rumours and gossips through the party guests and others such as Wolfshiem Gatsby himself, Jordan and Mr. Gatz. Gatsby said “I am the son of some wealthy people in the Middle West all dead now. I was brought up in America but educated at Oxford. My family all died and I came into a good deal of money.”(p.64) Wolfshiem said “He’s an oggsford man. I made the pleasure of his acquaintance just after the war. ”(p.70) Although these materials have certain limitations such as lack of reliability. However, it gave necessary complement to the narration, but also to show ambiguity in the fusion of reality and fantasy.The third one is that Nick sometimes with his own imagination made up the plot that is logical and can be combined with his narration to show the theme. The most typical example is that Wilson went to Gatsby's villa to revenge for his wife. “Now I want to go back a little and tell what happened at the garage after we left there the night before...I have an idea that Gatsby himself didn’t believe it would come, and perhaps he no longer cared.” (p.153) Nick himself did not witness some events that are no circumstantial evidences but are extremely important to the plot. He fully showed his imagination. Through his hypothesis, reasoning, organization and artistic process, it makes the event believable even if the event did not occurred. As a method of narrative, it is undoubtedly rich layering works and adds a certain artistic charm.The fourth one is Nick is not the only narrator in the story; the novel also uses a limited omniscient narrator to comment on the emotional and physical landscape, for instance in the introduction to the 'Valley of Ashes'. “This is a valley of ashes-a fantastic farm where ashes grow like wheat into ridges and hills and grotesque garden”(p.26)This omniscient narrator supplements Nick's narration, because it reminds the readers of the presence of God (signified to the eyes of Dr T.J. Eckleburg) watching these characters even as they abandon their belief- 245 -- 246-校园英语 / 文艺研究in Him. Characters are both nihilistic and narcissistic, serving themselves and their desires and ignorant of a high moral presence. There are many descriptions from Nick's point-of-view that disclose their reckless behaviour, constant partying, and escaping reality and thus forsaking God, such as “A suggestion that she had moved heer ball from a bad lie in the semi-final round. The thing approached the proportion of a scandal.”(p.58)Nick used flashback narrative retell the story, and then in the sequence of Nick ’s understanding of the events. In a retrospective way, Nick recalled the whole story when he went back to “the Middle West ”.Irony is a specific way to show the narrative style. First of all, the irony of the title make readers pay more attention to the theme of the moral values and the social class. The title is “the Great Gatsby ”. We can know that Gatsby ’s wrong pursuit of life caused the tragedy of his life from the novel. He died and the American Dream shattered at last. He was not a hero, but the title used “great ” show the contrasts and contradictions. People regarded the new rich represented by the fashionable Gatsby on West Egg and the old rich represented by Tom and Daisy Buchanan on East Egg in a different way. It is ironic that the wealth of the Buchanans do not bring them satisfaction and instead destroys society. Myrtle is “Tom ’s mistress.”(p.27)George and Myrtle Wilson are symbolic of the lives destroyed by the old rich. Gatsby didn ’t realize the true role played by wealth in reality. Even though he had more wealth, he was regarded as inferior upstart by the hereditary wealthy. The money he received only caused people ’s suspicions and jealousy.Secondly, the evidence of irony is that Gatsby pursued his ideal love in his whole life. Gatsby enthusiastically chased Daisy, his “golden girl ”. The reason why he was infatuated with Daisy is she had a wealthy life, good family background and social status. Daisy is an ideal symbol of wealth and desire. What Gatsby want to get actually is wealth and status. He saw Daisy as the representative of upper nobility and virtue and naively believed that pure love between himself and Daisy would bring him true happiness. But he didn ’t know both wealth and status are illusory, not real things. Daisy is superficial and no sense of responsibility. The bourgeois people such as Daisy are money-oriented, vulgar and no basic moral dignity and humanity. So he was destined to be abandoned by Daisy who represented money.Thirdlyl, the comparison between the peacefulness of the social scene and the emptiness and disillusionment of the spiritual truth (the American Dream) reveals the irony. On the one hand, there were high-rise buildings, big parties, and widespread automobile due to the rapid economic development. On the other hand, rampant bootlegger selling and crime behind the glitzcaused faith of life and ethics destruction, social corruption and moral depravity. The Valley of the Ashes and the billboard are the specific imagery of constrast. “The image here draws not only on the technology of the automobile but slso on consumer culture, on advertising.”(Tredell, 2007)Gatsby completely struggled from the bottom of society on his own, and through his hard work, he got great success in the property. It reveals the deception the the American Dream that the bourgeoisie advocated everyone has the equal opportunity whatever rich or poor. Because he didn ’t get recognition.The suspense about Gatsby ’s identity arouse reader ’s curiosity to search for Gatsby ’s inner motivation. By setting the suspense, author advanced the course of the story. By narration of Gatsby, Jordan, Nick, Wolfshiem and Gatz, we knew the true image of his identity. About the death of Gatsby, author carefully created a mysterious and exciting atmosphere, attracted great interesting of both readers and other characters in the novel, effectively control the readers enthusiasm. The build-up of suspense is evident when readers know that Gatsby did not murder Myrtle. At the end of the novel, Nick told the truth and said “They were careless people, Tom and Daisy-they smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness, or whatever it was that kept them together, and let other people clean up the mess they had make ”(p.170)The use of both irony and suspense is associated with the work that the reader has to do to understand the novel's theme, especially the deception of the American Dream.In my essay, I argue that the narrative style in the novel is revealed through 3 ways; the first-person narrative perspective(sometimes omniscient perspective), irony and suspense in order to reveal the themes of the American Dream and its disillusionment.References:[1]Fitzgerald F.S.(1986),The Great Gatsby.Great Britain,England: Penguine Books Ltd.[2]Brewley,M.‘Scott Fitzgerald ’s Criticism of America ’.The Sewanee Review,1954.[3]Boyle,Thomas E.‘Unreliable Narration in ‘The Great Gatsby ’.The Bulletin of the[4]Rocky Mountain Modern Language Association,V ol.23,No.1(Mar 1969),pp.21- 26.[5]Cartwright,Kent.‘Nick Carraway as an Unreliable Narrator ’.Papers on Language and Literature 20.2(Spring 1984):pp.218-232.[6]Hochman,B.‘Disembodied V oices and Narrating Bodies in The Great Gatsby ’,in Bloom's Modern Critical Interpretations,2010.[7]Tredell,N.(2007),Fitzgerald ’s The Great Gatsby: A Reader ’s Guide,London,England: Continuum.。
再生美Wnt-5ARor2信号通路的软骨细胞增殖方法
再生美Wnt-5ARor2信号通路的软骨细胞增殖方法【摘要】目的探讨再生美Wnt-5ARor2信号通路的软骨细胞增殖方法。
方法配置软骨细胞的培养基，制备与培养软骨细胞，分析不同浓度细胞增殖制剂对软骨细胞生长的影响，同时添加两种增殖制剂对软骨细胞生长的影响，采用WESTERN检测芦荟大黄素和咖啡酸对于细胞增殖的信号途径。
结果将相应浓度的芦荟大黄素及咖啡酸添加培养基中能够促进软骨细胞的培养，其增殖效果优于其他培养基。
结论再生美能够通过对Wnt-5ARor2信号通路进行抑制的途径调控IL-1β诱导软骨细胞增殖及再生。
【关键词】再生美；Wnt-5ARor2信号通路；软骨细胞增殖软骨细胞（chondrocyte）是在软骨中发现的唯一一种细胞。
虽然成软骨细胞仍被经常用来描述不成熟的软骨细胞，但在技术上是不准确的叫法，原因在于软骨细胞的前体（间充质干细胞）还能分化为成骨细胞[1，2]。
软骨细胞在软骨里的组织排列因软骨的种类和位置不同而异，一是为了对软骨细胞表型进行改善或维持，二是为了对体内培养模式进行模拟[3-5]。
本研究选用DMEM培养基为基础培养基，配制软骨细胞的培养基，制备软骨细胞，旨在探讨再生美Wnt-5ARor2信号通路的软骨细胞增殖方法。
1材料与方法1.1材料基础培养基：DMEM培养基（GIBCO，货号：SH30022.01，规格：500ml）。
1.2方法1.2.1软骨细胞的培养基的配制培养基1：基础培养基+10%胎牛血清（对照）。
培养基2：培养基1+芦荟大黄素。
培养基3：培养基1+咖啡酸。
培养基4：培养基2+咖啡酸。
培养基2-1、2-2、2-3分别为基础培养基+6%胎牛血清+40μmol/L芦荟大黄素、60μmol/L芦荟大黄素、80μmol/L芦荟大黄素。
﹣12﹣1.2.2软骨细胞的制备方法使用95%乙醇消毒处理人关节软骨组织10min，先在37 ℃的温度下充分利用0.5%胰蛋白酶进行处理2h，使用磷酸缓冲液洗涤，再使用0.08% Ⅱ型胶原酶进行消化；在培养基1中离心洗涤，将原代人软骨细胞获取。
重庆大学硕士研究生英语历年期末考试试卷
1. The main idea of this passage is A. examinations exert a pernicious influence on education. B. examinations are ineffective. C. examinations are profitable for institutions. D. examinations are a burden on students.
重庆大学研究生试卷（2011 版）
第1页共8页
命 题 （ 组 题 ） 人 ：
李 雁
审 题 人 ：
黄 萍
Part III. Translation from Chinese to English ( 20 points )
命 题 时 间 ：
研 究 生 院 制
Part IV. Writing ( 20 points) (请写在背面，Please write your composition on the reverse side.)
As anxiety-makers, examinations are second to none. That is because so much depends on them. They are the mark of success of failure in our society. Your whole future may be decided in one fateful day. It doesn’t matter that you weren’t feeling very well, or that your mother died. Little things like that don’t count: the exam goes on. No one can give of his best when he is in mortal terror, or after a sleepless night, yet this is precisely what the examination system expects him to do. The moment a child begins school, he enters a world of vicious competition where success and failure are clearly defined and measured. Can we wonder at the increasing number of ‘drop-outs’: young people who are written off as utter failures before they have even embarked on a career?
保尔柯察金这一丰满的艺术形象英语作文
全文分为作者个人简介和正文两个部分：作者个人简介：Hello everyone, I am an author dedicated to creating and sharing high-quality document templates. In this era of information overload, accurate and efficient communication has become especially important. I firmly believe that good communication can build bridges between people, playing an indispensable role in academia, career, and daily life. Therefore, I decided to invest my knowledge and skills into creating valuable documents to help people find inspiration and direction when needed.正文：保尔柯察金这一丰满的艺术形象英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Vibrant Artistic Depiction of Paul KochaginMaxim Gorky's acclaimed novel "The Life of Klim Samgin" presents a vivid and multifaceted portrayal of the character Paul Kochagin, a figure that has left an indelible mark on Russianliterature. Kochagin's character embodies the complexity and contradictions of the revolutionary spirit during the tumultuous era of the late 19th and early 20th centuries in Russia. Through Gorky's masterful storytelling, Kochagin emerges as a rich and nuanced figure, one that challenges conventional assumptions and defies easy categorization.At the core of Kochagin's character lies an unwavering commitment to the revolutionary cause. From his early days as a student, he demonstrates an unquenchable thirst for knowledge and a burning desire for social change. Gorky depicts him as a voracious reader, consuming works that expose the injustices and inequalities of the existing order. This intellectual curiosity fuels Kochagin's revolutionary fervor, igniting within him a passion for dismantling the oppressive systems that subjugate the masses.Yet, Kochagin's revolutionary zeal is not merely an abstract ideal; it is a force that permeates every aspect of his being. Gorky skillfully portrays his character's ability to inspire and galvanize those around him. Kochagin possesses an magnetic charisma that captivates his peers, igniting their souls with the fire of revolution. His impassioned speeches and unwaveringconvictions resonate deeply, transforming the hearts and minds of those who encounter him.However, Kochagin's character is not a one-dimensional revolutionary archetype. Gorky deftly weaves complexity into his portrayal, revealing the internal conflicts and contradictions that define Kochagin's humanity. Beneath his fiery exterior lies a profound sensitivity and vulnerability that adds depth and richness to his character. Kochagin's love for Tanya Vasiltseva, a fellow revolutionary, unveils a tender and romantic side, reminding readers that even the most ardent revolutionaries are not immune to the profound emotions that shape the human experience.Gorky's masterful depiction of Kochagin extends beyond his ideological and emotional dimensions. The author paints a vivid picture of Kochagin's physical presence, imbuing him with a magnetic and commanding aura. Descriptions of his piercing eyes, his resolute stride, and his commanding voice contribute to the character's larger-than-life stature, making him a towering figure in the novel's narrative.Yet, for all his strengths and virtues, Kochagin is not without flaws. Gorky does not shy away from exploring the character's shortcomings and contradictions, further enriching his portrayal.Kochagin's unwavering commitment to the revolution often blinds him to the complexities of human relationships and the nuances of personal connections. His single-minded focus on the cause can lead him to neglect the emotional needs of those closest to him, casting a shadow over his personal life and highlighting the sacrifices demanded by his revolutionary path.Moreover, Kochagin's uncompromising nature and fiery temperament occasionally lead him to acts of recklessness and impulsivity. Gorky skillfully depicts instances where Kochagin's passionate convictions propel him into dangerous situations, putting himself and his comrades at risk. These moments of vulnerability and imperfection serve to humanize Kochagin, preventing him from becoming a one-dimensional symbol of revolution.Throughout the novel, Gorky's portrayal of Kochagin is inextricably linked to the broader historical and social context of the era. Kochagin's character serves as a lens through which readers can understand the complexities and contradictions of the revolutionary movement itself. His unwavering commitment to the cause, his willingness to sacrifice personal desires for the greater good, and his ability to inspire and unite others reflectthe ideals and aspirations of the revolutionaries who sought to overturn the existing order.Yet, Kochagin's flaws and internal struggles also mirror the challenges and struggles faced by the revolutionary movement as a whole. The conflicts between idealism and pragmatism, the tension between personal desires and collective goals, and the ever-present risk of betrayal and repression all find expression in Kochagin's character, making him a poignant embodiment of the complexities of the revolutionary experience.In the end, Gorky's portrayal of Paul Kochagin stands as a testament to the power of literature to capture the essence of human experience. Through his masterful storytelling and character development, Gorky has crafted a figure that transcends the boundaries of fiction, becoming an enduring symbol of the revolutionary spirit. Kochagin's character continues to resonate with readers across generations, inspiring contemplation and debate on the nature of revolution, the sacrifices it demands, and the enduring human capacity for hope and change.As a student of literature, I find Gorky's depiction of Paul Kochagin to be a remarkable achievement, a testament to the author's skill and insight. Kochagin's character serves as areminder of the depth and complexity that great works of literature can offer, challenging us to confront the nuances and contradictions of human nature while inspiring us to contemplate the enduring questions of societal change and personal sacrifice.篇2The Rich Artistic Portrayal of Paul KochaginMaxim Gorky's novel The Artamonov Business presents a vivid and nuanced depiction of the character Paul Kochagin that serves as a profound artistic achievement. Through Kochagin, Gorky crafts a multifaceted persona that transcends the conventional archetypes found in literature of the era. This essay will explore the various dimensions that comprise the rich, multilayered portrayal of this character.From the outset, Kochagin defies simplistic categorization, exhibiting a blend of attributes that render him a complex, inherently human figure. He is portrayed as an intellectual freethinker, well-read and philosophically inclined, yet simultaneously imbued with an earthly, sensual nature. This dichotomy is exemplified through his interactions with the novel's female characters, toward whom he displays a brusque,domineering attitude tinged with an undercurrent of carnal desire.Kochagin's outward hardness and emotional insularity belie an intense internal struggle. He grapples incessantly with profound existential questions concerning the self, human purpose, and the nature of truth and morality. His relentless intellectual curiosity propels him on a perpetual quest for higher meaning amidst the stifling conformity of the society around him. "I want to understand the meaning of my life...I want to understand why I live, what I live for," he laments, giving voice to the profound disillusionment simmering beneath his gruff exterior.This profound sense of alienation fuels Kochagin's acerbic disdain for the petty bourgeois trappings and pervasive materialism of Russian society in the era. He regards the wealthy merchant class, epitomized by the Artamonov family, with an uncompromising, almost puritanical contempt. Gorky's searing critiques of the moral and spiritual vacuity underlying the nation's capitalist industrialization are given full throat through Kochagin's tirades.And yet, for all his railing against the moral bankruptcy of the status quo, Kochagin remains a fundamentally empathetic,caring figure. His tender mentorship of the downtrodden Yakov exemplifies his deep reservoir of compassion for the oppressed and disenfranchised. Despite his professed cynicism, he cannot fully repress his humanitarian impulses to nurture and uplift the disadvantaged.Kochagin's overarching struggle is that of the modern man striving to strike a harmonious balance between head and heart, intellect and passion, individualism and collectivism. His ravenous appetite for knowledge and self-actualization coexists with a yearning for human connection and the sublimation of the ego to a higher communal purpose.This constant internal tug-of-war is accentuated through Gorky's masterful employment of poetic prose and visceral naturalistic descriptions. The raw, unvarnished depictions of Russia's grim urban landscapes and the grueling hardships endured by the working classes form a stark backdrop that highlights the dissonance of Kochagin's lofty philosophical musings.Yet Gorky imbues even the most squalid settings with intermittent flashes of beauty and transcendence through his rich, evocative language. In one pivotal scene, Kochagin wanders alone through a fetid slum, drinking in the cacophony ofsounds—crying children, quarreling spouses, the rhythmic clang of a cobbler's hammer. To his attuned perspective, even this dreary ambience resolves into "an strange, soul-gripping melody...the clamorous essence of life itself."It is this profound attunement to the primordial rhythms undergirding all existence that renders Kochagin such an indelible, uniquely compelling character. His bouts of nihilistic anguish coexist with radiant epiphanies of spiritual clarity and oneness with the cosmos. In such moments, the boundaries between self and environment, individual and collective, grow membrane-thin and permeable.Through Kochagin's peripatetic efforts to resolve the dissonances within his psyche, Gorky imparts insights into the universal existential yearnings that afflict the entire human condition. The character's sprawling philosophical dimensions take on an archetypal quality, his struggles embodying core questions that have persisted across cultures and eras.In this sense, Kochagin emerges as something of a Dostoevskian "underground man" for the 20th century—a disillusioned anti-hero grappling with modernity's dizzying upheavals. Yet he is distinguished from his literary forebears by the absence of reactionary impulses. While he shares thecynicism and sense of alienation traditionally associated with the archetypal anti-hero, he couples this with an acute social consciousness and a tenacious, even optimistic belief in humanity's boundless potential for regeneration.Indeed, Gorky inscribes Kochagin with an almost messianic zeal and palpable vitality that seems to radiate from the very pages themselves. This force of personality is evident in the sheer kinetic intensity of the character's speech and movements, his "words pour[ing] forth like scorching hot coals" while his physical actions are imbued with "crude force."So viscerally depicted, Kochagin takes on an elemental presence akin to an undomesticated force of nature—raw, implacable, yet brimming with fecund creative energies. It is perhaps this elemental vitality, offset by flashes of tenderness and vulnerability, that most compels the reader's attachment to the character.For in Kochagin, Gorky has sculpted an indelible artistic representation of humanity's highest complexities, frailties, and potentialities. The character serves as a prism through which to scrutinize the myriad existential quandaries and contradictions innate to the human experience. By embodying these inherent tensions within a single figure, Gorky has fashioned amasterwork of psychological realism and one of literature's most indelible humanistic portraits.Through immersive descriptions, resonant symbolism, and an inexhaustible reservoir of empathy, the author imbues this seemingly brusque philosopher-workingman with an inner life of staggering dimension and scope. Layer by layer, facet by facet, Kochagin is rendered with ever-deepening degrees of nuance and intricacy.In the end, the character transcends lifelike plausibility to attain a certain mythic archetypal grandeur. Like a proverbial diamond formed by the immense pressures of circumstance, Kochagin refracts the full spectrum of the human condition in all its beauty, contradiction, and ultimate indomitability of spirit. It is this promethean life force, this radiant assertion of human will and individual dignity, that cements his status as an immortal artistic triumph.篇3The Vivid and Inspiring Artistic Image of Pavel KorchaginPavel Korchagin, the protagonist of the famous novel "How the Steel Was Tempered" by Nikolai Ostrovsky, has become an iconic figure in Soviet literature and a symbol of revolutionaryspirit and determination. This work, which portrays the life and struggles of Korchagin during the Russian Civil War and the early years of the Soviet Union, has left an indelible mark on generations of readers, inspiring them with its vivid and compelling portrayal of a true revolutionary hero.From the very beginning of the novel, Korchagin emerges as a character of exceptional strength and unwavering conviction. Born into a working-class family, he embraces the ideals of the Bolshevik Revolution with fervor, refusing to compromise his beliefs even in the face of adversity and personal hardship. His commitment to the cause is unwavering, and his actions are guided by a deep sense of justice and a desire for a better world.One of the most striking aspects of Korchagin's character is his resilience and determination in the face of seemingly insurmountable obstacles. Despite losing his legs in a tragic accident, he refuses to let his disability define him or diminish his spirit. Instead, he channels his energy into learning andself-improvement, studying Marx's writings and immersing himself in the revolutionary ideology that fuels his passion for change.Korchagin's unwavering dedication to the cause is perhaps best exemplified by his decision to join the Red Army during theCivil War. Even with his physical limitations, he insists on contributing to the struggle, willing to make the ultimate sacrifice for the ideals he holds dear. His bravery and selflessness on the battlefield inspire those around him, transforming him into a living embodiment of the revolutionary spirit.Throughout the novel, Korchagin's character is defined not only by his physical and ideological strength but also by his unwavering moral compass. He remains steadfast in his belief in equality, justice, and the liberation of the working class, refusing to compromise his principles even when faced with temptation or personal gain. His integrity and commitment to the greater good make him a true inspiration, a beacon of hope in a world torn apart by conflict and oppression.However, Korchagin is not merely a one-dimensional figure of heroism and sacrifice. Ostrovsky's masterful storytelling also allows us to glimpse the more human and vulnerable aspects of his character. We see his struggles with self-doubt, his moments of weakness, and his internal conflicts as he navigates the complex realities of war and revolution. These glimpses into his inner world only serve to make Korchagin more relatable and his triumphs more inspiring.Perhaps one of the most powerful aspects of Korchagin's character is his ability to inspire and influence those around him. His unwavering commitment to the cause and his indomitable spirit ignite a fire within his comrades, pushing them to reach beyond their perceived limitations and embrace the struggle for a better world. He becomes a symbol of hope and perseverance, a reminder that even in the darkest of times, the human spirit can prevail.As readers, we are drawn into Korchagin's world, experiencing the joys and sorrows, the triumphs and setbacks, that define his journey. Through his eyes, we witness the birth of a new nation, the sacrifices made in the name of revolution, and the enduring power of human resilience and determination. Korchagin's story transcends the boundaries of time and place, resonating with readers across generations and cultures, inspiring them to embrace their own struggles with courage and conviction.In the end, Pavel Korchagin's artistic image stands as a testament to the power of the human spirit and the enduring legacy of those who dare to dream of a better world. His story reminds us that even in the face of overwhelming adversity, the strength of character, unwavering determination, and a deepcommitment to one's ideals can transform ordinary individuals into extraordinary heroes. Korchagin's journey is a call to action, a reminder that change is possible when we have the courage to stand up for what we believe in and the resilience to persevere in the face of seemingly insurmountable obstacles.As students of literature and life, we can draw invaluable lessons from the vivid and inspiring artistic image of Pavel Korchagin. His story challenges us to examine our own beliefs, our own convictions, and our willingness to fight for a better world. It reminds us that true heroism is not found in grand gestures or fleeting moments of bravery, but rather in the everyday acts of courage, resilience, and unwavering commitment to a cause greater than ourselves.In a world that often seems dominated by cynicism and apathy, Korchagin's enduring legacy serves as a powerful antidote, reminding us of the transformative power of hope, determination, and the indomitable human spirit. His story continues to resonate, inspiring new generations to embrace the ideals of justice, equality, and the relentless pursuit of a better world.。
介绍EVA的英文作文
介绍EVA的英文作文英文：EVA, or Economic Value Added, is a financial performance measure that was developed by Stern Stewart & Co. It is a way of measuring a company's financial performance based on the amount of value it creates for its shareholders. EVA takes into account the cost of capital, which is the cost of the funds used to finance a company's operations. By subtracting the cost of capital from a company's net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT), EVA provides a more accurate picture of a company's profitability.I first learned about EVA when I was studying finance in college. At first, I found it a bit confusing, but once I understood the concept, I realized how powerful it could be. For example, let's say there are two companies that have the same net income. Company A has a cost of capital of 10%, while Company B has a cost of capital of 15%. Usingtraditional financial metrics, both companies would appear to be equally profitable. However, when you calculate their EVA, you will see that Company A is actually creating more value for its shareholders because it has a higher EVA.One thing I like about EVA is that it encourages companies to focus on long-term value creation rather than short-term profits. By taking the cost of capital into account, EVA penalizes companies that invest in projects that don't generate enough returns to cover their cost of capital. This helps to ensure that companies are making smart investment decisions that will benefit them in the long run.中文：EVA，即经济附加值，是由Stern Stewart＆Co.开发的一种财务绩效指标。
服装英语考试题及答案
服装英语考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. What does the term "tailoring" refer to in the clothing industry?A. The process of making clothesB. The art of sewingC. The design of clothesD. The sale of clothes2. Which of the following is not a type of fabric?A. CottonB. WoolC. SilkD. Plastic3. The term "couturier" is most closely associated with which of the following?A. A tailorB. A designer of haute coutureC. A fashion modelD. A fashion photographer4. What is the meaning of "pattern" in the context of sewing?A. A design on the fabricB. A template for cutting fabricC. The style of a garmentD. A sewing machine5. What does "sewing machine" translate to in English?A. Machine à coudreB. Machine à laverC. Machine à boulangerD. Machine à café6. Which of the following is a common fabric defect?A. SheenB. LusterC. SlubD. Gloss7. What is the term for the process of attaching a collar toa garment?A. HemmingB. CollaringC. CuffingD. Piping8. What does "draping" refer to in fashion design?A. Hanging fabric looselyB. Sewing fabric togetherC. Cutting fabric into piecesD. Wearing a garment9. The term "runway" is most commonly associated with which activity?A. SportsB. AviationC. Fashion showsD. Theater performances10. What does "accessory" mean in the context of fashion?A. A piece of clothingB. A decorative itemC. A type of fabricD. A sewing tool二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）11. The process of attaching sleeves to a garment is known as _______.- Answer: setting in12. A _______ is a person who designs, makes, and repairs clothes.- Answer: seamstress13. The term "ready-to-wear" is often abbreviated as _______. - Answer: RTW14. A _______ is a type of fabric with a rough surface, often used for upholstery.- Answer: velveteen15. The _______ is the part of a shirt that covers the chest and is usually fastened with buttons.- Answer: front placket16. The _______ is the part of a garment that covers the shoulders and is often made of a different fabric.- Answer: yoke17. A _______ is a type of fabric that is woven to have a pattern or design.- Answer: brocade18. The process of attaching a lining to a garment is knownas _______.- Answer: lining19. The _______ is the part of a dress or skirt that is gathered to form a fuller shape.- Answer: flounce20. A _______ is a type of fastener used to secure a garment, often made of plastic or metal.- Answer: zipper三、简答题（每题5分，共30分）21. Explain the difference between "tailoring" and "tailor-made" in the context of clothing.- Answer: Tailoring refers to the craft of making clothes, typically involving cutting, sewing, and finishing garments. Tailor-made, on the other hand, refers to a garment that is custom-made for an individual, taking into account their specific measurements and preferences.22. What are the main components of a pattern in sewing?- Answer: The main components of a pattern include the pattern pieces, which are the individual templates used tocut the fabric; the grainline, which indicates the directionof the fabric's fibers; and the notches, which are smallmarks used to align pattern pieces during construction.23. Describe the role of a fashion designer in the clothing industry.- Answer: A fashion designer is responsible for creating original designs for garments, accessories, or footwear. They may sketch ideas, select fabrics and colors, and oversee the production process to ensure that the final product aligns with their vision.24. What is the purpose of a muslin in fashion design?- Answer: A muslin is a rough, unbleached cotton fabric used in fashion design as a toile or test garment. It allows designers to check the fit and drape of a design before committing to the final fabric, making adjustments。
伊娃管理系统介绍(英文)
Net Inc EPS
$100 $0 -$100 -$200 -$300 -$400 -$500 -$600 -$700 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
$1,000 $800 $600 $400 $200 $0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
9
Optimriality
– Difference in EVA with or without adjustment – Is it material?
– Set a rule of thumb and use common sense
Motivation
15
To calculate Beta, a list of peers need to be identified for {Client}
A peer company is not necessarily a competitor, but rather a company engaged in principally similar business subject to the same underlying economic forces. They may be competitors or companies in similar industries and business environments. Peer comparisons are used to :
• Objective: Continuous Improvement in EVA
P/L
B/S
The intrinsic value is the determinant of the market value in efficient capital market
PA,PB,VA,VB等信道模型
信道模型一、主要用到的几种信道模型1.程序中采用的信道模型：PA, PB, VA, VB, TU, RA, HT, EV A, ETU, AWGN, flat Rayleigh , Winner U。
2.con tributi ons仿真中采用的信道模型:ETU, EPA, TU, PB, PA, TU-6, VB。
二、具体信道模型参数1. PA，PB---摘自：ITU-R M.1225TABLE 4挝琴戏卩2. VA, VB---摘自：ITU-R M.12251AHLE 53.EPA, EVA, ETU----摘自3GPP TS 36.104Table B.2-1 Exte nded Pedestrian A model (EPA)Table B.2-3 Extended Typical Urban model (ETU)4. 3GPP TU,RA,HT 信道----3GPP TR 25.943Typical Urban channel model (Tux)5.2 Rural Area channel model (Rax)5.15.3 Hilly Terrain channel model (HTx)5. COST207 的信道模型-TU, RA, HT这部分与程序中的略有不同。
还需要再研究。
注：摘自Molisch编著的《宽带无线数字通信》（许希斌等译，电子工业出版社），P29—P313.6.2 COST 207 ft型卅*延时线摸册的一亍特洌是估胡？伪槟型丫迄希卅了网种典俎坏境下的PDF或捕头取且绷弟普勒凱谓创二它跆出的PDP已被在袪国、英国、荷兰、瑞禮和朗上迸行的尢宣实验船U 所？H古，这四种哋型环埋是（枷E13再所示）：•乡村地区（RA）心韵10•典型城市地（K11UI•恋劣诚市地区（BU}•山蔭地釈HT）呛八仏“少七）<10 < r <0,7怦其他估,&2)0 < r < 7 ;cs C3 6.3) it他0 < T < S5 < T < 10(3.6.4)其他0 < r < 2(3,6.5) IS < r < 20 f(s其他在抽头廷I1J 线模型中，毎个fSiS 郝行••个鬧利分布的竭度和一个多静勒癞乳其中i 表示 第i 个抽头。