Module.4 Second-order systems

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外研版英语九年级上册Module4-6全部词汇详解课件(95页)可编辑全文

The book explains grammar simply and clearly.
讲解：相当于 anyone。多用在疑问句、否定句或条件状语从句中。（anybody 作主语时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式）
pron. 任何人
例句： Is there anybody who can tell a fairy tale?
拓展：miss 的其他用法： (1) vt. 怀念；思念 I do miss the children. (2) vt. 错过；没赶上；未击中
It’s the chance of a lifetime. You shouldn’t miss it.
(3) n.小姐；女士
Miss Zhang is our Chinese teacher. （miss 在此种用法中，首字母须大写，且常用于未婚女士的姓氏前）
拓展：反义词：downstairs adj. 位于楼下的 adv. 往楼下；在楼下
n. 展览；展览会
例句： The photographs will be on exhibition until the end of the month.
n. 规则；法则
短语： break the rules 违反规定 follow the rules 遵守规定例句： You shouldn’t break the
Module 4 Home alone
Unit 2 词汇课件
外研·九年级上册
v. 管理；支配
例句：The 30 years old man manages a big company by himself. 拓展： 1. v. 做成；（尤指）设法完成 2. manager n. 经理；管理者例句： I found the manager and told him about the clerk’s kindness and patience.

外研版初中英语七年级下册(WY)模块测试题 Module 4 模块测试1

Module4 模块测试第一卷（共40分）Ⅰ.选择填空 (20分)( ) 1. Everyone _____math hard in our .team.A. studysB. studyC. studiesD. studying( ) 2. Our PE teacher ________ a ball ________ teach us a new game.A. uses, withB. use, forC. using, toD. uses, to( ) 3. There will be at least one car ______ every family______ the future.A. in, onB. in, inC. at, forD. to, at( ) 4. —Will there be newspapers in the future?—No, there _______.A won’t. B. isn’t C. won’t be D. will be not( ) 5. —Will they send their messages_____ friends _____ email?—Yes, they will.A. for, byB. at, withC. to, byD. by, to( ) 6. Tom’s family is ______ a picnic.A. haveB. havingC. hasD. had ( ) 7. No one will be cold and there will be ______sunshine.A. manyB. lot ofC. lots ofD. a lot( ) 8. There will be _____ rain and ______ winds.A. heavy, strongB. large, bigC. big, heavyD. strong, big( ) 9. There will _____ lots of rain in the next year.A. haveB. beC. hasD. is ( ) 10. —______ are you going to do this summer holiday?—I’m going to visit my grandparents. They live in America.A. WhenB. HowC. WhatD. Where ( ) 11. This is ________study. It’s nice and comfortable.A. Lucy and LilyB. Lucy’s and Lily’sC. Lucy’s and LilyD. Lucy and Lily’s( ) 12 Is your mother going to ______ to Italy?A. visitB. arriveC. travelD. meet ( ) 13. The bedroom is clean. I like the bed. It is ______.A. tidyB. oldC. heavyD. comfortable ( ) 14. “Look! This shirt is beautiful.” “________?”A. Why not try on itB. Why not trying it onC. Why not try it onD. Why not trying on it( ) 15. “What will the future ______?” “No one uses a pen.”A. be likeB. beC. likeD. like as ( ) 16. There ______ going to ______ three parties this holiday.A. be: beB. is; beC. are; beD. are; are ( ) 17. Please look ______ your little brother.A. atB. forC. likeD. after ( ) 18. Let’s _____ home.A. goesB. goC. to goD. going( ) 19. We use the money ______ a second-hand car.A. buyB. to buyC. buying C. buys( ) 20. The Blacks ______ a football match at this moment.A. watchingB. are going to watchC. is watchingD. are watchingⅡ. 完形填空（10分）Wang Yang gets 21 late. He rides his bike to the school quickly.He doesn’t look 22the traffic lights, so he hits(撞) a 23 .The driver 24 him to hospital right now. The doctor looks over Wang Yang very carefully. Wang Yang wants to go to 25 but thedoctor and the driver 26 him to stay in bed.“Now my boy,” says the doctor. “Could you 27 me your name, please?”“What are you going to do?” asks Wang Yang.“I’m going to tell your parents and your 28 .” answers the doctor.“But my parents 29 my name and my teacher knows my name, 30 .”says Wang Yang.( ) 21.A.down B. out C. up D. away ( ) 22.A.at B. on C. after D. for( ) 23.A.light B. bike C. car D. man ( ) 24.A.takes B. brings C. carries D. puts( )25.A.hospipal B. school C. bed D. chair( ) 26.A.say B. ask C. speak D. talk ( ) 27.A.tell B. say C. speak D.talk( ) 28.A.classmate B. student C. friend D. teacher( ) 29.A.listen B. hear C. know D.write( )30.A.too B. else C. other D. also Ⅲ. 阅读理解（10分）AI live in a house near the sea. It’s an old house, about 50 years old, and it’s very small. There are two bedrooms ups tairs but no bathroom. The bathroom is downstairs(楼下) next to the kitchen and there’s a living room with a lovely old fireplace(壁炉). There’s a garden in front of the house. The garden goes down to the beach(海滩). In spring and summer, there are flowers everywhere.I live alone(单独地) with a dog, Boany of my friends work in the city, so they often stay with me because they want to relay house for many reasons: the garden, the flowers in spring and summer, the fire in winter, but the best thing is the view(风景) from my bedroom windows.( ) 31. I live in a house .A. in a cityB. in the seaC. near the seaD. with two kitchens( ) 32. There is on the first floor.A. a bedroom and a bathroomB. a living room, a kitchen and a fireplaceC. a gardenD. a dog( ) 33. In front of the house, there is .A. a garage(车库)B. a gardenC. a treeD. fire( ) 34. Boxer is .A. a teacherB. visitorC. on the second floorD. the name of a dog( ) 35. Which of the following is NOT right?A. I live with my family there.B. I have many good friends.C. I like living there.D. We know the house has two stories(层).BLi Qiang and Li Gang are twins. But their life habits(习惯) are quite different. Now let’s go to Li Qiang’s room. Li Qiang tidies up his bedroom every day and puts everything in the right place. Look! There is a computer on the desk. There are two balls under the bed. A guitar and a kite are on the wall. All the things are placed in order. So he must be a careful boy. Now let’s go to Li Gang’s house. The room is in a mess. His clothes are on the bed. Some books and newspapers are on the floor. What’s that on the desk?Oh, a fork and a knife. All of the things are out of order. Li Gang never does some cleaning on weekends. No wonder his room is in such a mess.How do you think of Li Qiang and Li Gang?( ) 36. What’s the relationship(关系) between Li Qiang and Li Gang?A. Brothers.B. Sisters.C. Friends.D. Father and son. ( ) 37. Where is the guitar?A. On the floor.B. On the wall.C. In Li Gang’s house.D. On the desk.( ) 38. The room is in a mess. What does it mean in Chinese?A. 干净，整洁B. 在衣橱间C. 在一块儿D. 乱七八糟( ) 39. What do you think of Li Gang?A. Careful.B. Careless.C. Tall.D. Short.( ) 40. Where should a fork and knife be put?A. Bedroom.B. Living room.C. Kitchen.D. Bathroom.第二卷（共60分）Ⅳ. 根据句意及汉语提示完成句子（10分）1. What will our l______ be like in ten years?2. The boy is writing on the blackboard with c____.3. The old man is very happy to see the c_______ of his hometown.4. A robot will do all kinds of chores at home in the f__________.5. Small planes will fly over the l_________ everywhere.6. The grey car is c_______. I can buy it.7. The sun r_______ in the east.8. Jim wants to buy a big house and he n_______ much money.9. In the future, people will c________ things with their a smallplane in the air, not in a car.10. Becky doesn’t come to school today. M________ she is ill.Ⅴ. 用所给词的适当形式填空（10分）1. Here ________ (be) two nice photos of my family.2. In my dream school there won’t be_____ (some) dirty classrooms.3. Will________ (fly) be very cheap?4. How about going ___________ (swim) this afternoon?5. They ________ (be) back in about ten minutes.6. The weather will be quite hot so the sea levels ill r______.7. Will there be a heavy __________ (snowy) next week?8. It is too dull to (do) homework on Sunday. d9. Beijing is a beautiful city but there are traffic j______ in rushhours.10. ________ (read) in the sun is not good for us. Ⅵ. 句型转换（10分）1. Will you study at home? (肯定回答)Yes, _____ ______.2. Everyone will use paper, pens and pencils. (用now 改为现在进行时)Everyone _____ _____ paper, pens and pencils.3. They’ll have long holidays and lots of free time. (改为否定句)They _____ have long holidays ____ lots of free time.4. People will work three days a week. (画线提问)______ _______ _______ people work?5. It’s going to be rainy soon. (同义句)It’s going to _______ soon.Ⅶ. 完成句子（15分）1. 或许将来会有空中交通阻塞。

外研版高三英语一轮必修四Module 4复习题及答案解析

Module 4Great ScientistsⅠ.单词拼写1．One day，a traffic accident occurred and luckily he had a narrow ________(逃亡)．2．Since he is so important a ________(人物)，nobody can be on behalf of him.3．The plan needs to be ________(支持) with people，money，time，systems，and above all communication.4．His first novel was ________(出版) in 2007.5．However，until now，scientists have been unsure what actually caused the ________(爆炸)．6．________(最初)，the building had a chimney，which was destroyed in a fire in 1704.7．Saunder's lawyer made a ________(简短的) statement to the press outside the court.8．The ________(受害人) received head injuries from which she died a week later.答案 1.escape 2.figure 3.supported 4.published 5.explosion 6.Originally7.brief 8.victimⅡ.翻译句子1．据说这条地铁到2015年完工。

(complete)________________________________________________________________________ 2．无论你说什么，我都要寄出那封信。

外研版九年级英语上册Module 4 综合测试卷含答案

外研版九年级英语上册Module 4 综合测试卷(60 分钟100 分)一、单项选择(每小题1.5 分，共15 分)1. Please send me a text _____ about when the meeting will be held.A. letterB. sentenceC. messageD. notice2. She went into her room to sleep and _____ the door behind her.A. openedB. keptC. shutD. made3. I don’t want to be ____ else. I just want to be _____.A. anybody; myselfB. somebody; myselfC. everybody; meD. nobody; me4. My father often tells me jokes when I am _____.A. loudB. unhappyC. missingD. simple5. —What do you think of quiet carriages(静音车厢)?—It’s great _____ the price may be higher.A. ifB. unlessC. althoughD. because6. Mike is great. I believe that he’s able to help his father _____ the store.A. tryB. manageC. orderD. use7. It was a really _____ task. I finished it in ten minutes.A. excellentB. simpleC. usefulD. impossible8. [立德树人崇尚科技]That is a _____ useful App _____ it can make it easier fordeaf and their parents to read bedtime stories.A. so; thatB. such; thatC. too; toD. as; as9. Betty, _____ your sister! She has already slept all day.A. wake upB. take offC. look upD. turn off10. —My mother likes shopping online.—_____. She receives packages every day.A. So my mother doesB. So does my motherC. So my mother isD. So is my mother二、完形填空(每小题1.5 分，共15 分)A few years ago, I was about fourteen or fifteen years old. One 11______, my parents went out for a walk after supper. I stayed at home alone watching TV. Later I heard my cat, Aster, meowing(喵喵叫)at the 12_____. She was a funny and proud cat. She was good at catching mice, and sometimes she would like to show me her “prize”.I went to 13_____ the door. She ran in quickly with 14_____ in her mouth. After she dropped it on the floor, I found it was a mouse, again. It 15_____ died. My mother always liked to keep the floor 16_____, so I had to find something to pick the mouse up and 17_____ it away.When I came back, I found the mouse disappeared. I looked everywhere but couldn’t find it. We had a basement (地下室) under the house, so there were so many places and holes for it to stay. I 18_____ looking for it at last.But that was not the 19_____ of that. About a year later, I was helping my mum clean up the basement. And can you guess what we saw? Yes, some bones (骨头) of a dead mouse. We could only believe and hope that it was that mouse, the one ran 20______ from the floor on that night. Because no one wants a house full of mice.11. A. morning B. noon C. evening D. afternoon12. A. floor B. bed C. sofa D. door13. A. close B. open C. break D. repair14. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing15. A. already B. clearly C. seriously D. almost16. A. dirty B. clean C. crowded D. full17. A. throw B. give C. wash D. die18. A. cheered up B. tried out C. gave up D. depended on19. A. time B. top C. song D. end20. A. up B. to C. away D. into三、阅读理解(每小题2 分，共20 分)A [2024 广东惠州德威学校月考]Four years ago when I was a boy of 11, I got into the biggest trouble as a kid. It was a Saturday morning. Both my parents were out, leaving me and my 10-month-old sister alone. Anyway, my sister was still asleep in her room. In fact I had the house tomyself. I decided to do some drawing. Soon I gave up. Nothing was on TV, so I felt bored and touched the candles on the shelf…I had an idea! What would happen if I set fire to some kitchen paper? Well, of course it went on fire, but it wasn’t the tiny flame (火焰) I’d expected, and I couldn’t blow it out. I threw it on the floor, and then luckily got my dad’s boots(靴子) and stamped it out.I thought I was safe until there was a huge hole in my room. When my mum came home later, she smelt the smoke immediately. She dropped the shopping bag, luckily for me, over the hole. I thought this meant she would never see it. However, after running round the house checking for a fire, she of course picked up the bag and saw the hole. Next I was grounded (关禁闭) and in trouble for months. Now, the hole is still there, reminding me of what I did.21. How old was the writer when he wrote the passage?A. 11 years old.B. 13 years old.C. 15 years old.D. 17 years old.22. The underlined words “stamped it out” in the first paragraph mean “_____”.A. 吹灭B. 扑灭C. 杀灭D. 浇灭23. [新考法句子排序]Put the sentences in the right order according to the passage.①The boy set fire to some kitchen paper.②The boy did some drawing.③The boy was grounded.④The boy stamped the fire out.⑤His mother checked for a fire.A. ②④③①⑤B. ②①④⑤③C. ②①④③⑤D. ①③④②⑤24. Who put out the fire at last?A. The writer.B. The writer and his sister.C. The writer’s mother.D. The writer’s father.25. What’s the main idea of the passage?A. It’s difficult to put out a fire.B. The boy didn’t look after his sister.C. The boy made a big trouble when he was 11.D. Don’t leave children home alone while shopping.B [2023 遂宁]①These days, Riverside High School has cut down the students’ homework and encourages them to take part in social activities. Last week, the school newspaper asked the students what they did in their free time. Here are some of the replies.②Xue Mei, 13I fell in love with paper cutting as soon as I watched it on TV. This year, I have time to learn it in our local art museum on weekends. Now I am able to make a lot of wonderful paper cuttings. I also teach my classmates to do it. I hope that our traditional Chinese art can be passed down from one to another.③Wang Yan,14My father tells me that food is the first necessity of man. This spring, I grew some tomatoes and corn with the help of him. While working in the field, I feel close to nature. It’s hard but meaningful to look after my plants. I believe that the food grown by myself must be the most delicious.④Wen Man, 14I spend every weekend working in my uncle’s pet shop. There I care for the pets and play with them. When I help the homeless animals find warm-hearted owners, I get a strong feeling of satisfaction. Working at the pet shop is tiring but interesting. I hope to have my own pet shop someday.⑤Tian Hao, 15I’m a ping-pong lover. Without so much homework, I can practice it with my classmates more often. Now my ping-pong skills have improved a lot and I can even help teach little kids in the ping-pong club. I plan to take part in the city’s ping-pong competition next summer.26. You can ask Xue Mei about _____ if you are interested in it.A. paper cuttingB. tomato plantingC. animal caringD. ping-pong playing27. Wen Man may work in the pet shop on _____.A. MondayB. TuesdayC. FridayD. Saturday28. Wang Yan thinks the food is the most delicious mostly because _____.A. tomatoes and corn are her favourite foodB. the food is grown by herselfC. working with her father makes her happyD. she enjoys being close to nature29. What is Tian Hao going to do next summer?A. Practice ping-pong more often.B. Improve his ping-pong skills.C. Take part in a ping-pong competition.D. Be a ping-pong trainer in the club.30. [新考法篇章结构]What’s the structure of this text?四、词汇运用(每小题2 分，共10 分)用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

Module.3(2) First-order systems

1 − t τ
Hence, taking the inverse Laplace transform
c(t ) = t − τ + τe
Ramp response
Matlab program: tol=0.5; num=1; den=[tol,1]; G=tf(num,den); r=t, t=0:0.01:5 lsim(G,r,t)
C (s )
Closed-loop
+
R (s )
?
Controller
1 1 + τs
The first-order system
C (s )
? Consider unit feedback
+
R (s )
Advantage ?
?
Controller
1 1 + τs
The first-order system
Impulse input
step input
一阶闭环系统有什么优点?
+
R (s )
? ?
1 1 + τs
The first-order system
C (s)
First-order feedback systems Open-loop
R (s)
1 1 + τs
The first-order system
r (t ) = r0 sin ωt
c(t ) − c0 sin(ωt + ϕ )
r(t)
r0 c = e τ
1 − t τ
→0
c(t)
css (t ) = c0 sin(ωt + ϕ )
Magnitude of amplitude-frequency figure（幅频图）

外研社选修八 module4 原文

Which English?When you receive a phone call from a friend, howlong does it take you to know who it is? A fewseconds, perhaps. The quality of someone’s voiceand their choice of words make a person instantly recognis able, even though you can’t see him or her. In this sense everybody's use of language － whether English, Chinese, or any other－is different. You could say that there are as many varieti es of English, or any other language for that matter, as there are speakers of it.English is spoken as an official language in more than 60 countries across the world and it can sound very different from place to place. Pronunciation, as well as grammar an d vocabulary, can change very quickly from one area to ano ther. For example, within London the most famous dialect i s cockney. It is only usually spoken by people from the ea st of that city so it is not the only form of English you will hear. You can usually tell which part of the English-speaking world someone comes from by their accent, and the re are some very recognisable accents all over Britain. It is also quite easy to tell British and American English apart.Although most people believe there is a right and a wrong way to speak English, there is not really a standard form that everyone can agree on. English spread across the worl d over hundreds of years because of trade, exploration and business, and this process produced many different Englis hes. Professors of linguistics, writers and teachers all w orry about providing a perfect model to follow but as it i s so widely spoken, it has become impossible to say which English is “correct” and which is “incorrect”. Perhaps correctness doesn’t matter－as long as speakers can understand each other －it’s communication that counts. Australia G’day!D’ya sp eak Strine? Or rather, Hello! Do you speak Australian? Aus tralia is one of the youngest nations in the world. The fi rst English speakers arrived little more than 200 years ag o-and they didn’t want to. Most of them went prisoners se nt there to work. They came from all over Britain, but esp ecially from Northern Ireland andthe London area, which is why the Australians accent today has traces of both Irish and cockney speech patterns. The English speakers found people who had been living in Australia for more than 50,000 years －the Aborigines, and extraordinary variety of wildlife, uni que to the continent. Many of the Aboriginal words for the se animals, such as kangaroo, koala and kookaburra soon pa ssed into the language.But the main differences between Australia English and oth er varieties of English lie in the individual sounds and i ntonation patterns. Sometimes it is difficult for British and American people to understand the Australian accent, a nd mistakes are common. A few years ago a well-known Engli sh author was signing copies of his books in a Sydney book shop. A customer came up to the author holding a copy of t he book and said Emma Chissit.The author thought that Emma Chissit was the woman’s name. But when he asked how to spell the name, in case the customer wanted him to write h er name in the book (To Emma Chissit, with best wishes), h e realised that the customer had been asking the question: How much is it? Jamaica and SingaporeAustralian English comes directly from English spoken in B ritain. But in other countries where English is spoken as a first language this is not the case. The variety of Engl ish spoken in Jamaica, and other Caribbean countries, hassome of the grammatical features of the African languages spoken by the ancestors of the Jamaican people, so that th ere is often no apostrophe s (’s) (that woman house, inst ead of that woman’s house) or no link verb or article (He good man, instead of He’s a good man). Another feature i s the rhythm. It is the rhythm of rap music, which became popular in the US in the 1980s.On the other side of the world, in Singapore, English is a second language, spoken by about half the population. Oth er languages include Malay and Chinese. Almost everyone in Singapore is bilingual, while some people speak three or four languages. The most common variety of English spoken is known as Singlish. Sentences in Singlish often end with the word lah. The variety has been influenced in particul ar by Malay and the Chinese dialect Hokkien (language spok en in Minnan), both in grammatical features and vocabulary . Today there is a debate in Singapore about which variety of English is the best: Singlish, or a variety closer to British English, which is the aim of the Speak Good Englis h Movement created in 1999The Future of EnglishEver since the invention of the first telegraph at the en d of the 19th century, English has been spreading around t he world. It has a powerful influence in the media, on the Internet and in pop music that is not going to go away. T his communication revolution has turned the world into a “global village” in which everyone needs to talk t o each other －and so often nowadays that means in English.More people now speak English as a second language across the world than as a native language. It is estimated that 1.3 billion people will use English as either a first or a second language by 2050. But what will that form of Engli sh be like? Traditionally, British English has been taught across the world, but it is only one variety. Experts bel ieve that the future shape and grammar of English, especia lly in its spoken form, will no longer be determined in th e traditional English-speaking countries like Britain and America but in the rest of Europe, Asia and Africa. Intern ational organisations and businesses communicate with each other in English. But a new pattern of using English is developing that does not look the same to native speakers a s “traditional” English. Researchers are now investigati ng “non-native” English which is a new form of the langu age with changes in grammar, pronunciation and meaning. Of ten meanings and words from other languages find their way into English to produce a new dialect such as “Franglais ” which combines aspects of French and English. You could say this gives English a French flavour. All of these pro cesses are a form of natural evolution. New dialects acqui re their own complex features until they become real langu ages in their own right. Experts are convinced that this w ill happen in the future as more and more people learn En glish and call it their own.Colourful EnglishEnglish has a huge number of colourful and splendid expres sions which may be difficult to understand. Even if the me aning of the words is straightforward, the cultural associ ations of the phrase may be ambiguous. The dilemma is to k now which are explicit, which are figurative, and why they are relevant to an everyday situation. Idioms are picture sque or absurd expressions conveying a concept which is di fferent from the literal meaning and have been common in English for many years. The Pilgrim Fathers in America alwa ys asked for turkeys when they traded with Native American s. Thus, to talk turkey means to get down to business. But some idioms are very new and you’ll need to clarify what they mean. For example, mad as a box of frogs is a recent way of describing someone who has a tendency to be rather disorganised or vague. A bad hair day is one when you fee l clumsy or depressed, possibly because your hair does n't look good.Many expressions are advertising slogans. That’ll do nice ly, sir! comes from an old TV ad for American Express. It ’s the shop assistant’s reply to a customer who selects a credit card from his wallet and asks if the shop accepts American Express.Other common expressions have metaphorical significance. G et your tanks off my lawn! means Back off! Withdraw your t hreats! and was first said by a British prime minister, re jecting the threat of a potential strike by a trade union leader. Age before beauty is used when inviting another pe rson to go through a door before you. It’s not meant to a buse the other person, but it may sometimes cause offence. The Iron Curtain was the statesman Winston Churchill’s term for the dividing line between eastern and western Euro pe. With friends like these who needs enemies? means a fri end has betrayed your trust or let you down. We shall over come dates from the American Civil War, and is used almost like a prayer by the Civil Rights movement in the USA, me aning we will oppose prejudice against black people and re sist conflict between Americans.Finally, there are traditional proverbs which express a mo ral or a piece of advice. For example, When in Rome, do as the Romans do suggests you should adapt to local conditio ns. Some sayings have achieved the superior status of a pr overb such as Money makes the world go around from the mus ical Cabaret (1966). This comes from the older proverb Lo ve makes the world go round.Chinese as a Foreign LanguageWho wants to learn Chinese? Just about everybody in the wo rld, it seems. The demand for Chinese as a foreign languag e is growing fast, both in English-speaking countries, suc h as Britain and the USA, and in other countries like Fran ce, where the number of students studying Chinese has incr eased by 15% each year in recent years. There are a numbe r of reasons for the interest. As China develops economically, opportunities for doing business increase dramaticall y －and if you know your partner’s language, your chances of success increase. But there is also a renewedinterest in the culture and traditions of China; the fact that Chinese culture has continued uninterrupted for more than 5,000 years is a source of curiosity and fascination for people in other parts of the world.A third reason is that learning Chinese is, simply, a chal lenge. With its characters and complicated tone system, mo st speakers of other languages think Chinese must be incre dibly difficult. But is it really so? As one American stud ent says, “The biggest problem about learning Chinese is often fear－sometimes caused by the teachers. I’ve studied quite a fe w languages, and none of them are as easy for me as Chines e. The grammar is easy, since sentence order is similar to English －but simpler. The only difficult part of spoken Chinese is the tone system. Even that isn’t a big problem. I remembe r the first time I heard a native of Beijing spe aking, it was so clear!” With so much interest in thelanguage, the Chinese government introduced an internation al exam system.Established in 1990，the HSK test was initially meant for those learners who re gard Chinese as a second or foreign language. Later, it wa s introduced abroad. At the moment, there are more than 10 0 exam centres in 27 countries around the world, with near ly 150,000 candidates taking the exam every year. And a sp in-off of this is that teaching Chinese as a foreign langu age offers young Chinese language graduates interesting pr ofessional opportunities and a chance to travel across the world.Mothers Win First PlaceWhat is the most popular word in the English lang uage and why?In 2004, 40,000 people in 102 countries were asked to deba te this question. The top choice was mother, followed by p assion, smile, love and eternity. There were some unusual choices too, such as hen night (when women celebrate toget her, the night before one of them gets married) and news. Other favourites were fantastic, freedom and peace. The Di rector of Communications at the British Council, which organised the worldwide debate said: “All of us have a moth er, and we all have a strong idea of who that person is. I t’s a very powerful word in a variety of cultures. The li st shows the diversity of the English language, and also s hows what things people find important in their lives.”There were a few other choices which are sounds, not words : like “oi”，a sound that people make which instantly attracts attentio n. Some favourite words were ones taken from other languag es, such as Renaissance. When the list of the most popular words was published, the website received even more repli es; and so the debate continues. My favourite English word is “news’, because it has the first letters of north, c ast, west and south, which are the directions which news c omes from!Jane from New Zealand“Peace”－this should be on the list. We all need peace, don't we? Rob Clark from the USAI am surprised that the word “Hello” is not on the list. It should be number one, as it is known all over the worl d by people who speak a little English.Hansan Ma from ChinaMy favourite word is “Friday”. I also like “holiday”. Amanda from the UKI like the words “love”, “warmth” and “friend” for t heir meanings; and I love the sound of “boing”.Kit from the UKI’m sad the word “daddy” didn’t make it into the l ist of top ten words. That would be one of my favourites.I like the word “butter” too!Tim from the USAI teach English here in Sweden. The word I hear most ofte n is “no”. So my favourite word would be “yes”. Debbie from SwedenI like words which have three or four syllables-they are such fun to say. My favourite is “octopus”.Howard from the UKI liked reading the list very much. When my son went to sc hool on the first day, he said that the teacher had taught him the word “mother” in English. He came home from sch ool and said: “Mummy, you are my mother”. This made me s o happy.Amina from Turkey。

2022学年上学期外研版九年级英语Module 4综合能力评估卷附答案

2022学年上学期外研版九年级英语Module4综合能力评估卷（满分100分）一、单项选择（20分）()1.---Did you see the accident?---No.________,I learned about it from Lucy.A.ActuallyB.SuddenlyC.FinallyD.Immediately()2.Tim_______the TV and cooked a big dinner with his father.A.turned offB.heard fromC.joined inD.looked after()3.---Dad,could you come to my school for the parents’meeting this Friday?---I’m afraid I can’t.I have to go to Beijing on_______,and your dad will go instead.A.saleB.showC.fireD.business()4.Tom is busy preparing his report,because Mr Li asks him to______tomorrow morning.A.hand it inB.put it awayC.give it upD.pick it up()5.The question quiet________,but he still can’t come up with the answer.A.specialB.simpleC.difficultD.wonderful()6.---Is there anything special to visit in Xi’an?---Yes.Don’t_______the amazing Terracotta Army.A.offerB.missC.shareD.leave()7.---Shall we for a picnic tomorrow?---Well,it_______the weather.A.belongs toB.happens toC.depends onD.gets on()8.---It’s time to work now.---OK.I’ll_______.He has been asleep for an hour.A.give Carl upB.wake Carl upC.let Carl downD.cheer Carl up()9.---Look!Some people are running the red light.---We should wait______others are breaking the rule.A.ifB.unlessC.althoughD.because()10.---My cousin Mary has been to the Forbidden City.---________,and I remained there for one day.A.So she hasB.So has sheC.So have ID.So I have二、完形填空（20分）Home Alone is a very funny American film.It tells us a story about a boy who is accidentally left alone at home.One night___1____Christmas,the McAlister family meet at their house.They are planning to____2____ to Paris for the holiday and are busy getting ready.Eight-year-old Kevin is the youngest child and is fighting with his brothers,sisters and cousins.When he goes tobed,he is so angry that he wishes all his family would____3___.In the morning,everyonewakes up very___4____.They are all in a hurry to get to the airport,so they forget Kevin and he is left alone at home by accident.___5____Kevin is alone,he is very happy at first.His terrible family have gone—his___6___has come true.He watches TV,eats lots of fast food and plays games.He has a good time.But later on,he goes out and hears two____7____men called Harry and Mary planning to steal from his house.He goes home and plans some very funny ways to___8____Harry and Mary.Many things in the house get broken as Kevin tries to stop them.Finally,the____9____come and the men are taken away.The house is now in a____10____,so Kevin tidies it up and waits for his parents.They get back from Paris and are very happy to find that Kevin is safe.()1.A.at B.in C.before D.after()2.A.drive B.fly C.ride D.walk()3.A.go away B.wake up C.have fun e out()4.A.slowly te C.quickly D.easily()5.A.So B.Or C.Because D.Although()6.A.wish B.plan C.promise D.business()7.A.silent B.brave C.bad D.honest()8.A.welcome B.catch C.meet D.replace()9.A.friends B.parents C.police D.class()10.A.mess B.order C.trouble D.way三、阅读理解（20分）AHouse fires often happened.So it’s necessary to learn something useful to protect(保护)family from then.The following advice will tell you how to do it.Fire SafetyPut a smoke alarm in your house and test it every month.Half of all house fire deathshappen between11pm and7am.The risk of dying in a house fire is cut in half with workingsmoke alarms.Make sure your hearing aid(助听器),wheelchair or eyeglasses are next to your bed.Firecan spread(延伸)through a house soon.You may have as little as two minutes to escapesafely.Be ready to take action at once.Create a fire escape plan.77%of families don’t have a house escape plan to follow.That’s oneof the reasons why at least one child dies in a house fire every day.Don’t call119until your are safely outside.During a fire,the first thing to do is to get out ofhouse as fast as you can.()1.____makes the risk of dying in a house fire smaller.A.A smoke alarmB.A pair of eyeglassesC.A wheelchairD.hearing aid()2.We may have only_________to run out from a house fire safely(安全的).A.half anB.2minutesC.293secondsD.7minutes()3.According to the poster,_______can help save you from a house fire.A.keeping some water beside the bedB.stopping the fire from spreadingC.making and follow a plan to escapeD.keeping awake between11pm and7am()4.Call119for help________.A.after you reach safetyB.while you are escapingC.as soon as you are ready to escapeD.when you find out what causes the house fire()5.The poster is to help people learn to_________.A.plan their lives as they wishB.save time as much as possibleC.put things in the right orderD.protect themselves in a right wayBTeens will finally grow up some day,leaving their parents and facing the challenges inlife alone,so they should learn basic life skills and form good working habits.The government has been trying to pay attention to the importance of hardworkingspirit education(劳动教育).But this has been overlooked in recent years.Many teens do not value the importance of working hard.There is a teenager girl named Nancy,she never helps out around the house.Once her mother was on vacation for a week,leaving her alone at home.When her mother came home from vacation, she could not find a clean dish or a clean shirt.Schools play an important role in teaching students about the value of working hard.Primary and middle schools should provide students with hardworking spirit courses every week.To our joy, some schools have provided each class with a piece of field to plant their favorite vegetables.For example, No.38Middle School in Hefei,set up a500-square-meter farm on an open platform(露天平台)of their teaching building.Each class are asked to grow and pick vegetables there.Parents should also encourage children to learn how to do chores at home.Teensshould master one or two life skills every year.These skills can include cooking,washing their own clothes and tiding their rooms.The basic skills may help teens to solve the problems they will meet in the future.()6.What does the underlined word"overlooked"mean in ChineseA.强调.B.忽视.C.珍惜.D.蔑视()7.The writer gives the example of Nancy in the second paragraph to show______A.Nancy is too busy to help with chores at home.B.Many teens do not value the importance of working hard.C.Nancy's parents don't want her to help with chores at home.D.Many teens are unhappy when their parents are away from home.()8.Which is not the life skill for students according to the passageA.Playing computer games.B.Washing clothes.C.Cooking.D.Cleaning()9.Which of the following is NOT trueA.Students are supposed to learn some necessary life skills.B.Schools should teach students the value of working hard.C.Parents should encourage their children to do chores at home.D.The government never pays attention to education on the hardworking spirit.()10.What is the title of the passageA.Self-study.B.School education.C.Family education.cation on the hardworking spirit.四、从方框中选择最佳选项补全对话（5分）A:Hi,Peter,I hear that you’ve begun to stay in the school dormitory(学生宿舍).1.________B:Yes.It can save me a lot of time riding my bike to school.A:2.________What is the dormitory like?B:It’s OK,but not perfect.A:Why?3._________B:Today I overslept and missed my breakfast.A:4.____________B:Yes.Some boys kept talking until midnight last night.So I couldn’t fall asleep.A:5.__________B:Wow,a good idea!Thank you.A.How are you going to do that?B.Is that so?C.You overslept?D.What was the matter?E.I guess you can talk with them.F.Oh,I was sleeping at that time.G.That’s really true.五、根据短文内容及道字母提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词（10分）I had just moved into my first apartment.It was around8:30pm and I heard the doorknob(门把手)moving like(1)s___________was putting a key in it and turning.At first I thought my father was home,and I got really(2)e__________,but then realized it was only8:30pm and he was due home from work around 10:30pm.So I looked out of the kitchen(3)w___________and didn’t see his car.That’s when I panicked(恐慌). The doorknob kept moving for a(4)c__________of more seconds and then stopped.A few minutes later they had some piece of metal trying to(5)o________the door.I was scared at that point and(6)l_________myself in the bathroom with a knife and called the police.They tried to pry()the door open for about3minutes before they stopped.The(7)p_________searched the area and found an elderly man walking around with a knife and a crowbar(铁撬棍).He used to live in that apartment and he wanted his things back that we stole when we moved in.I was told he was(8)a________a man who was suffering with delusions(妄想).I’m so(9)t_________and glad I didn’t answer the door once I realized it was no one I knew.To this way my heart still beats fast when someone knocks(10)o________my door.六、根据汉语意思完成句子（10分）1.Please____________________________at eight o’clock in the morning.请在早上八点叫醒我。

西川电子D3000M模Bus系列计算机到模 distance模块说明书

D3000M MODBUS SERIESCOMPUTER TO ANALOG OUTPUT MODULESD3000M FEATURES•Analog output ranges: 0-1V, ±1V, 0-5V, ±5V, 0-10V,±10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA.•Communicates in ASCII with RS-232 or RS-485 serial ports.•Programmable high/low output limits.•500Vrms output isolation.•12-bit output resolution.•Scaling in engineering units.•Baud rates: 300 to 115,200.•Nonvolatile digital calibration.•Output protection: 240VAC (current output).±30V (voltage outputs).•Direct connection to ‘dumb’ terminals or modems.•Requires +10 to +30Vdc unregulated supply.•May be located up to 4,000 feet from host (RS-485).•Addressable: up to 247 Modbus units per serial port.•‘Bumpless’ manual control inputs.D3000M PROGRAMMING FEATURES•Fully programmable output slopes: 0.01V/s (mA/s) to 65535V/s (mA/s).•Programmable watchdog timer provides orderly shutdown in the event of host failure. APPLICATIONS•Motion control•Motor speed control•Robotic welding control•Interfaces to modems•Programmable analog source for product testD3000M SPECIFICATIONS (typical @+25°C and nominal power supply unless otherwise noted.)Analog Output•Single channel analog output.Voltage: 0-1V, ±1V, 0-5V, ±5V, 0-10V,±10V. Current: 0-20mA, 4-20mA.•Output isolation: 500V rms.Communications•Communications in ASCII via RS-232C, RS-485 ports.•Selectable baud rates: 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600,19200, 38400, 57600, 115200.•NRZ asynchronous data format; 1 start bit, 7 data bits, 1 parity bit and 1 stop bit.•Parity: odd, even, none.•User selectable channel address.•ASCII format command/response protocol.•Up to 247 Modbus multidrop modules/host serial port.•Communications distance up to 4,000 feet (RS-485).•Can be used with “dumb” terminal.•All communications setups (address, baud rate, parity) stored in nonvolatile memory using EEPROM.•Checksum can be added to any command or response. PowerRequirements:Unregulated +10V to +30Vdc, 0.75W max. (voltage output), 1.0W max. (current output). Internal switching regulator.Protected against power supply reversals.EnvironmentalTemperature Range: Operating -25°C to +70°C.Storage -25°C to +85°C. Relative Humidity: 0 to 95% noncondensing. NOTE: Spacing for mounting screws = 2.700" (6.858 cm).Screw threads are 6 X 32.D3000M Ordering GuideMODEL OUTPUT RANGE/INPUTVoltage OutputD3121M±1V Output/RS-232C InputD3122M±1V Output/RS-485 InputD3131M±5V Output/RS-232C InputD3132M±5V Output/RS-485 InputD3141M±10V Output/RS-232C InputD3142M±10V Output/RS-485 InputD3161M0 to 1V Output/RS-232C InputD3162M0 to 1V Output/RS-485 InputD3171M0 to 5V Output/RS-232C InputD3172M0 to 5V Output/RS-485 InputD3181M0 to 10V Output/RS-232C InputD3182M0 to 10V Output/RS-485 InputCurrent OutputD3251M0 to 20mA Output/RS-232C InputD3252M0 to 20mA Output/RS-485 InputD3261M 4 to 20mA Output/RS-232C InputD3262M 4 to 20mA Output/RS-485 InputGENERAL DESCRIPTION & BLOCK DIAGRAMThe DGH D3000M series are complete computer-to-analog output interfaces. They are designed designed for systems based on the Modbus™ RTU protocol. Simple Modbus commands are used to control a 12-bit DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter) which is scaled to provide commonly used current and voltage ranges. An 8-bit CMOS microprocessor provides an intelligent interface between the host and the DAC.The DGH modules are easy to use. You do not need engineering experience in complicated data acquisition hardware. This modular approach to data acquisition is extremely flexible and cost effective. The modules can be mixed and matched to fit the application. They can be placed remote from the host and from each other. You can string up to 247 modules on one set of wires.Figure 1 shows a functional block diagram of theD3000M. The DAC converts digital data derived from host commands into the desired analog output. The microprocessor receives commands and data from the host computer through an RS-232 or RS-485 port.In response to host commands, the microprocessor produces the appropriate digital data necessary to control the DAC. Digital data is transmitted to the DAC through opto-isolators that provide electrical isolation. The DAC produces a precise analog current that is directly propor-tional to the magnitude of the digital data. The DAC output current is processed and amplified by signal conditioning circuits to produce the desired output voltage or current. Output protection circuits protect the module from potentially damaging output faults.An EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) retains important data such as the ad-dress, baud rate, parity and calibration data even if the module is powered down.The power supply converts the raw 10 to 30V input power into regulated voltages used to operate the module. The power it supplies to the DAC and output circuits is transformer isolated from the input power and communi-cations connections. The transformer and opto-isolators provide an isolation barrier between the output section and the rest of the circuitry. The isolation barrier is helpful in breaking ground loops, isolating troublesome common-mode voltages and protects the host and module in cases where the output may accidentally contact AC power lines.The combination of an accurate high-resolution DAC and a dedicated microprocessor produces a very powerful system for generating process control signals. The microprocessor provides software addressing for mul-tidrop capability, data formatting in engineering units, limit checking, digital calibration and many other features not possible with unintelligent analog output systems.All modules are supplied with screw terminal plug con-nectors and captive mounting hardware. The connectors allow system expansion, reconfiguration or repair without disturbing field wiring.Figure 1. D3000M Block Diagram.MANUAL MODEManual Up/Down control option provides a local operator interface to control the analog output value independent of the host. As shown in Figure 2, the analog output may be moved up or down by shorting the UP* or DN* inputs to the GND terminal. Grounding both pins at once holds the output at its present value and inhibits any output commands from the communications ports. The control inputs may also be logic signals from other equipment. The manual mode controls the output with a linear slope. The slope rate on D3000M modules is fixed and scaledso that a full-scale output change takes 5 seconds.MostFigure 2. Manual Up/Down Control.Most DACs provide a step function when a new output value is desired. That is, the analog output change is in-stantaneous subject only to DAC settling time. In many applications this characteristic is undesirable and a grad-ual controlled output slew rate is more appropriate. In ap-plications where controlled output rates are needed, pre-cious host computer time must be used to continually monitor and step the DAC until the desired output is reached.The D3000M allows controlled output slopes automati-cally without host computer intervention. User-program-mable output slew rates are stored in nonvolatile memory. If a command is sent to the D3000M to change SLOPE CONTROLCOMMAND SETThe D3000M series uses the Modbus RTU protocol for communication. The Modbus protocol uses a master-slave technique, in which only the master device can initiate transactions. The slave devices respond by supplying the requested data to the master or by taking the action requested in the query.The master can address any slave. The returned messages are considered response messages.The Modbus protocol format used by a master con-sists of a device address, a command function code which defines the operation to be performed, data required with the command, and an error checking value. The slave response message contains any required data and error checking value. If an error occurs, an exception code will be generated. The supported master codes are:Code Description01Read Coil Status02Read Input Status03Read Holding Register04Read Input Register06Preset Single Register10Preset Multiple Registers01Read Coil Status is a digital input such as contact status or contact closure.02Read Status inputs reads the status of dis-crete inputs.03Read Holding Register is used to read the analog output value.04Read Input Register is used to read the ana log output value.06Preset Single Register is used to temporarily suspend Modbus RTU mode and return toDGH ASCII protocol mode.10Presset Multiple Registers is used to write multiple data values to multiple registers.Typical Command/Response sequenceA typical Modbus RTU command to a module may look like this:01 06 00 00 80 00 EB 0AThis example is a Modbus Force Single Coil command. The 01 is the address of the slave DGH module being commanded. Each slave device must have its own unique address. The 06 character specifies the Modbus Preset Single Register command. The next two charac-ters 00 00 specify the address of the register to be modified. The 80 00 is the data value to be written. The final two characters of the command (EB 0A) make up the Cyclical Redundancy Check (CRC), used to check for errors in the message.The typical response message for this command is to echo the command back to the host computer. There-fore, the response message would look like this:01 06 00 00 80 00 EB 0AAny other response message, other than the echoed command, would indicate that a Modbus exception error code was returned or communications time out occurred. All messages must be transmitted as continuous strings. Messages are terminated by a silent period of at least 3.5 character times.SETUPThe D3000M series are initiated at the factory using the DGH ASCII protocol. This allows easy setup and con-figuration, including the Modbus slave address value. Setup and configuration can be performed using a Ter-minal program or using the DGH Utility Software on a Windows based computer. Each D3000M module must be properly configured before installation into a Modbus system.SOFTWARE COMPATABILITYThe Modbus RTU protocol is supported by all major process control software programs on the market today. Including OPC server programs. Using these software programs and the DGH Modbus compatible modules, a data acquisition system can be created with ease.the output value, the output will automatically slope to the new value at the specified rate. The nonvolatile slope value is restored each time the module is pow-ered up.The D3000M microprocessor controls the output slew rate by updating the DAC at a rate of 1000 conversions per second at precise 1ms intervals. In this manner the DAC is smoothly stepped until the final output value is reached. The DAC's incremental output steps and its conversion rate combine to make the output change appear to be a linear ramp.WATCHDOG TIMERThe D3000M contains a user-programmable software timer to provide an orderly shutdown of the output sig-nal in the event of host computer or communications failure. The timer is preset using the Watchdog Timer command to specify a timer interval in minutes. The timer is continually incremented in software. Each time the module receives a valid command, the timer is cleared to zero and restarted. If the timer count reaches the preset value, the output will automatically be forced to slew to the starting value using the present output slope rate. The starting value should be programmed to provide a "safe" output value to minimize damage and disruption to the system under control.。

2019-2020学年高一英语外研版必修一课时练习：Module 4 Word版含答案

2019-2020年英语外研版必修一课时练习Module 41、So far this year we (see) an increase in house prices by between 5 percent and 10 percent.2、I thought he was very (attract) and obviously very intelligent.3、Mr. Smith，the manager of our company, is the most modest man that I (meet) in my life.4、The job market has changed and our approaches to (find) jobs must change as well.5、I am not thirsty. Don’t bother (make) tea for me.6、It will be two weeks__________ he recovers.7、That was the last time that he __________(see) her.8、It is ten years since I (leave) my hometown, but it is still in my mind.9、—What about your trip to China?—Very good. Now I (get) used to having Chinese food.10、It is the first time that Ms. Jones (be) to China. She wants to exchange her US dollars for the RMB.11、It seems to me that I (meet) this man somewhere before.12、Margaret is in her office. She has been there__________ 7 o’clock.13、It was (fortunately) of them to make a fortune by trading with foreigners.14、The reason the flood was all that heavy rain.15、Unfortunately, fifty per cent of the men in this town are (employ).16、As is known to all, nowadays many students are interested in studying abroad.Attending schools abroad has many advantages. First, by looking at our own country from outside, we can best see the strong points and weak points of our nation and therefore broaden our minds. Second, while studying in a foreign country，we can travel widely, visiting famous scenic spots and making friends with the local people. Third, we can use the foreign language in our daily life so that our ability in thatlanguage may be improved quickly. But the most important is to learn advanced (先进的）science and technology. For all these advantages，it is really worthwhile to go abroad for education.However, as everything has two sides, there are also some disadvantages in attending a foreign university. The most serious problem is the language barrier (障碍）. Most of the students who are ready to go abroad do not prepare themselves well for the new language environment. As a result, on arriving there, they will find it difficult to understand what the instructors are saying in class. Besides, for not knowing about the customs and way of life of the local people, they may run into trouble in dealing with various situations. Therefore, misunderstandings often arise. Furthermore, the cost of living is much higher than that in our country, so most students have to find part-time jobs in order to help support themselves. Faced with these difficulties, many students find themselves unable to pay full attention to their studies and some students may even fail in their courses and learn little.Therefore, given an opportunity to attend a school abroad, one must consider the factors carefully before making up his mind. On the one hand, it is a good thing to go and study abroad. But on the other hand, one must not neglect (忽视）the disadvantages.1. According to the passage, the following are all advantages of studying abroad EXCEPT.A. having more chances to get good jobsB. improving foreign language ability quicklyC. visiting well-known places of interestD. learning very modern science and technology2. The underlined word “instructors”in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to “”.A. neighborsB. teachersC. strangersD. classmates3. According to the passage, why do some students find part-time jobs?A. Because they want to learn more skills in a different country.B. Because they want to make full use of their time.C. Because they are not interested in studying.D. Because they have to support themselves.4. The passage mainly tells us that .A. studying abroad is a good way to learn moreB. everything has two sidesC. people should think twice before going abroadD. going abroad has more advantages than disadvantages17、I couldn’t believe it.I just couldn’t believe it. “How could they do this to me?" I screamed to myself as I walked along the icy New York streets to my apartment just a few blocks away. Just a few minutes ago, I was happily working at my job. Meat was on the grill (烤架）and bread was being toasted.I knew it was a little fishy when Mark called me into his office for a “chat”. Something just didn’t seem right."This is so hard for me to say," he said,”but we will not need your service any more. Please take off your apron (围裙）.Here is your final paycheck."Just then，the winter wind whipped (鞭打）onto my face and big snowflakes started to fall on my heavy winter coat. I didn’t even know how, but warm tears started to drip out of the comers of my eyes. My hands were too cold to even wipe my face.Out of nowhere, an old man walked up to me. He had black mustache and his eyes were surprisingly blue."Hello，young man," he said to me, " lift your spirits up.""I can’t. I just can’t. I was just fired from my favorite job.""I know. I know," he said, interrupting me, “I want you to always remember that it is always the darkest before dawn. You will get another job. Don’t worry. 11I didn’t know what to do. I looked down at my shoes to think about the situation. Maybe this man was right. Maybe dawn was not so far away.I decided to thank the man for supporting me, but when I looked up, he was gone.A week later I got a well-paid job as the executive chef for a five-star restaurant. The man was right.1. What couldn’t the author believe?A. The streets of New York were very dangerous to walk on.B. He had just been fired for no reason.C. His colleagues had just made fun of him.D. What he had cooked turned out very bad.2. What does the underlined word "fishy" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Strange.B. Amazing.C. Fresh.D. Difficult.3. Why did the author describe the wind and the snow?A. To show that he was wearing very little.B. To explain that the weather was not good.C. To show that he was in a very bad mood.D. To explain that he hadn’t enough money for supper.4. What does the author want to tell us according to the passage?A. There is always hope in the dark.B. Don’t believe what you see.C. A kind heart will always be paid back.D. Someone will give you a hand in the end.18、假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

汽车行业某零部件公司物流体系概述

多 more
周期性补料 Periodicity
模块化排序 Sub. + Seq.
看板补料 Kanban
成套配送 KIT
前置补料 Ahead of Stat.
少 less 填充补料
Fill Up
小 small
排序补料 Sequence
按灯补料 Andon
紧急配送 Emergency
巡视补料 Patrol
2001年8月正式颁布实施的中国国家标准（《物流术语》GB/T183542001）：物流是指物品从供应地向需求地的实体流动过程。根据实际需要，将运输、储存、装卸、搬运、包装、流通加工、配送、信息处理等基本功能实施有机结合。
5
1.物流概念
• 至1960年孤立地活动
• 需求预测 • 采购 • 需求计划 • 生产计划 • 生产库存 • 仓储 • 物料搬运 • 包装 • 半成品库存 • 发运计划 • 订单处理 • 运输 • 客户服务 • 战略规划 • 信息服务 • 市场/销售 • 财务
过程的物流活动称为生产物流。生产物流是制造产品的企业所特有的，
它点需之要间与不生停QA产地D 流移程动B同、5步流Co转。c原，kp材形it A料成ss以了em及生b半产ly物成Li品流ne等。SS按因ahliep照此sm工，ent艺生流产程物在流各合个理加化工对工厂的生产秩序、产品质量和生产成本有很大的影响。
SD Suppliers
• Internal • RDC/YFV Site RDC • Supplier
DD: Directly Delivery ED: Extension Delivery SD: Sequencing Delivery
ED Suppliers

六年级上册英语-Module4你最喜欢的中国节日外研版(三起)(12张ppt)公开课课件

Warming up
Celebration Activities:
Eating a reunion dinner. Playing with lanterns.
Worshiping the moon. Flying lanterns.
（名师示范课）六年级上册英语-Modu le 4 你最喜欢的中国节日外研版（三起）(12张ppt)公开课课件
（名师示范课）六年级上册英语-Modu le 4 你最喜欢的中国节日外研版（三起）(12张ppt)公开课课件
（名师示范课）六年级上册英语-Modu le 4 你最喜欢的中国节日外研版（三起）(12张ppt)公开课课件
Warming up Thanks and see you next time!
（名师示范课）六年级上册英语-Modu le 4 你最喜欢的中国节日外研版（三起）(12张ppt)公开课课件
Warming up
What’s your favourite Chinese festival?
The Spring Festival.
（名师示范课）六年级上册英语-Modu le 4 你最喜欢的中国节日外研版（三起）(12张ppt)公开课课件
Warming up
The Lantern Festival My favourite festival is the Lantern Festival. It is
after the Spring Festival. People eat yuanxiao, hang lantern六年级（上册）
你最喜欢的中国节日
（名师示范课）六年级上册英语-Modu le 4 你最喜欢的中国节日外研版（三起）(12张ppt)公开课课件

2020-2021学年外研版七年级英语下册Module 4检测卷及答案

Module 4检测卷一、单项填空(每小题1分,共10分)1.A little effort(努力) every day, you a big difference.A. makeB. are makingC. madeD. will make2.Don't stand too close to North Americans. You'd better give them morepersonal .A. timeB. systemC. spaceD. pity3.In the film, Superman the world by helping man.A. changesB. collectsC. worriesD. leaves4.These sweeping robots are very and many people can afford(负担得起) them.A. cheapB. lightC. longD. heavy5.—My parents and I will go on a trip to Shanghai two days.—Have a good time!A. onB. atC. toD. in6.Not only my friends but also I interested in football and Messi is our favourite star.A. beB. amC. isD. are7.It is a world of flowers in spring in Shenzhen. You can see flowers .A. beforeB. afterC. nowhereD. everywhere8.—I believe Alice's dream of becoming a successful dancer will finally.—I think so. She's been working really hard.A. come trueB. come outC. get awayD. get off9.—Will they go hiking tomorrow?—. They'll fly kites in the park.A. Yes, they willB. No, they don'tC. No, they won'tD. Yes, they do10.—When does the shop close on Sunday?—. Maybe at 10:00 pm.A. I think soB. I'm sureC. I'm OKD. I'm not sure二、完形填空(每小题1.5分,共15分)What will life be like in 3000? Different people have 11 answers. Here is my answer.I think life will be very different in 3000. Every family will have 12 robot. The robot can do everything for people.13 people won't have to do heavy and14 work. And they will have 15 free time to enjoy the things they like.People will wear special 16 in 3000. They don't have to 17 clothes because they won't get dirty. There will be more kinds of foods for people to enjoy. And they are18 healthy food.People will use energy(能源)from the sun and the wind. So there won't be any pollution problems.People will use a special car to travel. It can run on the road and 19 in the air. It will be very 20 for people to travel to the moon and other planets. Some people will live on other planets.It will be a happy world in 3000.11.A. same B. differentC. manyD. some12.A. a B. anC. theD. /13.A. With B. SoC. ButD. Since14.A. light B. funnyC. interestingD. dangerous15.A. less B. fewC. moreD. many16.A. shoes B. glovesC. hatsD. clothes17.A. have B. wearC. washD. make18.A. every B. bothC. noD. all19.A. walk B. flyC. climbD. sleep20.A. easy B. difficultC. hardD. far三、阅读理解(每小题2分,共30分)A"Billy, one, two, three, get up! It is 25th February, 2099, seven o'clock. It's time to get up and go to school," says the clock-robot in a loud voice. Then the clothing-robot dresses(给……穿衣服) Billy quickly. Next the kitchen-robot gives Billy some bread and eggs. Billy doesn't like them,and the kitchen-robot gives him a hamburger. After eating the hamburger, Billy goes to school. When he gets out of the house with his schoolbag, he sees a car-robot waiting for him."Hello! I will drive you to school. Your name is Billy,isn't it?" asks the car. "Right,"Billy answers. "Now would you please show me your school ID card?" says the car. Billy shows it his school ID card. "Get in,please." Billy gets in it. Then the car goes on,"I will check your homework today. Please take it out." Billy does as the car-robot says. When they get to school, the car says to Billy,"See you, Billy. Good luck!"21.The dresses Billy every morning.A. clock-robotB. car-robotC. kitchen-robotD. clothing-robot22.Billy has for breakfast.A. some breadB. some eggsC. a hamburgerD. an orange23. sends Billy to school.A. A driverB. A busC. The car-robotD. The bus-robot24.Before getting in the car, Billy shows his to the car-robot.A. homeworkB. ticketC. school ID cardD. schoolbag25.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Children don't need to do their homework in 2099.B. There are all kinds of robots in 2099.C. Robots cannot drive cars for people in 2099.D. People don't eat anything for breakfast in 2099.BLinda,I guess that I will work in ten years, but I don't know what job I will do, maybea reporter(记者) or a singer. But I can tell you what I'll do next week — celebrate(庆祝) my eleventh birthday with my classmates. I'm so busy enjoying my life and I have no time to worry about the future!Emma,There's one thing I really want to do and that is to travel around the world. I hope I will live somewhere different in ten years — somewhere really interesting like Australia, or even Japan — Who knows? I'd like to be a teacher and maybe I'll teach English after leaving college(大学).Mary,I'm not really sure about the future. I know that I'm going to college and I also think that I will get married sometime in ten years. I'd like to have a family and I want to have an interesting job as well. I'm interested in writing, so I may work asa writer.26.What do you think Linda may be now?A. A reporter.B. A singer.C. A student.D. A worker.27.What will Linda do next week?A. She will have a maths exam.B. She will work as a reporter.C. She will have a birthday party for herself.D. She will take part in her friend's birthday party.28.What does Emma want to be in ten years?A. She wants to be a reporter.B. She wants to be an English teacher.C. She wants to be a singer.D. She wants to be a writer.29.From the passage we know Mary .A. has no plans for her futureB. will get married at the age of twentyC. wants to be a writer in the futureD. will travel around the world30.What can we learn about the three people mentioned in the passage?A. Linda is too busy and has no time to study.B. Emma thinks Australia and Japan are interesting places.C. Mary thinks she will live alone in ten years.D. Emma will live in her home town in ten years.CWhat will the world of the future be like? There are plenty of people who are happy to give their opinions of what we will be doing in 2050. Here are two predictions(预测) about the world of tomorrow.When we dream about the future, many like to think of owning a personal flying car. The advantages are obvious(明显的). This technology would allow total freedom of movement. We could fly at 480 km per hour, avoiding(避免) traffic lights and busy roads. However, some people believe there will be problems with traffic control. If the cars become popular, there is likely to be an air traffic jam. Another big problem is mechanical (机械的)failure. What will happen if the cars stop working? These are problems we must expect (预期)if flying cars become a reality(现实).Three-dimensional printing is another new technology with exciting possibilities. 3D printers are used to build an object with liquid plastic. They build the object layer by layer until it is complete. Car companies already use 3D printers to make life-size models of car parts,and medical companies use the technology to make man-made body parts. As we move into the future, 3D printing will revolutionize (彻底改变)the way we shop,the way we manufacture products and the way we treat sick people. The disadvantage is that such equipment will be extremely expensive.So in the future,we might be able to fly to work or print out new shoes in our daily life. Although there are some problems to solve before this will be possible, we can certainly dream of a world where technology makes life easier and safer for millions of people.31.What is the passage mainly about?A. Environmental protection.B. The world of tomorrow.C. Advantages of technology.D. History of the world.32.What do we learn from the passage?A. There may be no traffic lights on busy roads in the future.B. Some people think technology development may bring new problems.C. 3D printing can bring great changes to our life and its equipment is cheap.D. The flying cars won't bring the air traffic jam even when they become popular.33.What is the correct structure of the passage?(P1=Paragraph 1)34.What does the underlined word "They"refer to?A. Car companies.B. Body parts.C. 3D printers.D. Liquid plastic.35.We can infer that the writer about the future life with technology.A. doesn't careB. can't imagineC. feels disappointedD. feels hopeful四、从方框中选择最佳选项补全对话(有两项多余)(每小题1分,共5分)A: Hi, John.36B: Hi, Mary. I think the world will be very different from now.A: In what way?B: Well, take education for example. 37A: Maybe there won't be any classes. And there may not be teachers any more!B: Maybe not... 38 It's better to learn from teachers.A: Yeah, you might be right. I wonder how students will go to school. 39B: Cool. Just like in the movies. Oh, but I just have another idea.A: What?B: 40A: Right, just like in the streets now!五、任务型阅读(每小题2分,共10分)Artificial intelligence (AI)(人工智能)is growing rapidly. We are living in a world that depends more and more on AI. AI is a group of technologies that help machines get, understand and use information to do tasks.AI's recent developments(发展)have got a lot of social attention. Some people have welcomed AI because it makes things possible. For example, AI will have a big influence on areas like medicine and engineering. But this attention has also produced a lot of fear. Especially, many workers are worrying that AI could make them lose their jobs.According to a recent study,nearly five percent of jobs will disappear(消失)because of AI. In some industries, AI is already doing the work that people used to do, such as assembling (装配)cars,digging the coal and lifting goods. Self-driving cars and trucks controlled by AI will also take away the drivers' jobs in the future.On the other hand, AI will also create many new jobs for people. More people will be needed to write programmes for AI systems (系统) and they will set up and work on them too. Meanwhile, jobs that require feelings, excellent communication skills with people will not be replaced (取代) by AI. These include jobs in fields like teaching, nursing and personal training.AI is here. It is changing how people live and work in many ways. That makes AI important for our life.41~42题完成句子;43题简略回答问题;44题找出并写下第二段的主题句;45题将文中画线句子译成汉语。

外研版选修八module4课文原文文档

【MODULE 4】Which English?【READING AND VOCABULAYR】Which English?When you receive a phone call from a friend, how long does it take you to know who it is? A few seconds, perhaps. The quality of someone`s voice and their choice of words make a person instantly recognizable, even though you can`t see him or her. In this sense everybody`s use of language——whether English, Chinese, or any other——is different. You could say that there are as many varieties of English, or any other language for that matter, as there are speakers of it.English is spoken as an official language in more than 60 countries across the world and it can sound very different from place to place. Pronunciation, as well as grammar and vocabulary, can change very quickly from one area to another. For example, within London the most famous dialect is cockney. It is only usually spoken by people from the east of that city so it is not the only form of English you will hear. You can usually tell which part of the English-speaking world someone comes from by their accent, and there are some very recognisable accents all over Britain. It is also quite easy to tell British and American English apart.Although most people believe there is a right and a wrong way to speak English, there is not really a standard form that everyone can agree on. English spread across the world over hundreds of years because of trade, exploration and business, and this process produced many different Englishes. Professors of linguistics, writers and teachers all worry about providing a perfect model to follow but as it is so widely spoken, it has become impossible to say which English is “correct” and which is “incorrect”. Perhaps correctness doesn`t matter——as long as speakers can understand each other——it`s communication that counts.[Australia]G`day! D`ya speak Strine? Or rather, Hello! Do you speak Australian? Australia is one of the youngest nations in the world. The first Englishspeakers arrived little more than 200years ago——and they didn`t want to.Most of them were prisoners sent there to work. They came from all over Britain, but especially from Northern Ireland and the London area, which is why the Australian accent today has traces of both Irish and cockney speech patterns. The English speakers found a people who had been living inAustralia for more than 50,000 years——the Aborigines, and anextraordinary variety of wildlife, unique to the continent. Many of the Aboriginal words for these animals, such as kangaroo, koala and kookaburra soon passed into the language.But the main differences between Australian English and other intonation patterns. Sometimes it is difficult for British and American people to understand the Australian accent, and mistakes are common. A few years ago a well-known English author was signing copies of his books in a Sydney bookshop. A customer came up to the author holding a copy of the book and said Emma Chissit. The author thought that Emma Chissit was the woman`s name. But when he asked how to spell the name, in case the customer wanted him to write her name in the book (To Emma Chissit ,with best wishes), he realized that the customer had been asking the question: How much is it?[Jamaica and Singapore]Australian English comes directly from English spoken in Britain. But in other countries where English is spoken as a first language this is not the case. The variety of English spoken in Jamaica, and other Caribbean countries, has some of the grammatical features of the African languages spoken by the ancestors of the Jamaican people, so that there is often no apostrophes(`s) (that woman house, instead of that woman`s house) or no link verb or article(He good man, instead of He`s a good man). Another feature is the rhythm. It is the rhythm of rap music, which became popular in the US in the 1980s.On the other side of the world, in Singapore, English is a second language, spoken by about half the population. Other languages include Malay and Chinese. Almost everyone in Singapore is bilingual, while some people speak three or four languages. The most common variety of English spoken is known as Singlish. Sentences in Singlish often end with the world lah.The variety has been influenced in particular by Malay and the Chinese dialect Hokkien (language spoken in Minnan), both in grammatical features and vocabulary. Today there is a debate in Singapore about which variety of English is the best: Singlish, or a variety closer to British English, which is the aim of the Speak Good English Movement created in 1999. 【READING AND VOCABULARY】The Future of EnglishEver since the invention of the first telegraph at the end of the 19th century, English has been spreading around the world. It has a power influence in the media, on the Internet and in pop music that is not going to go away. This communication revolution has turner the world into a “global village” inwhich everyone needs to talk to each other—and so often nowadays thatmeans in English.More people now speak English as a second language across the world than as a native language. It is estimated that 1.3 billion people will use English as either a first or a second language by 2050. But what will that form of English be like? Traditionally, British English has been taught across the world, but it is only one variety. Experts believe that the future shape and grammar of English, especially in its spoken form, will no longer be determined in the traditional English-speaking countries like Britain and America but in the rest of Europe, Asia and Africa.International organizations and businesses communicate with each other in English. But a new pattern of using English is developing that does not look the same to native speakers as “traditional” English. Researchers are now investigating “non-native” English which is a new form of the language with changes in grammar, pronunciation and meaning. Often meanings and words from other languages find their way into English to produce a new dialect such as “Franglais” which combines aspects of French and English. You could say this gives English a French flavour. All of those processes are a form of natural evolution. New dialects acquire their own complex features until they become real languages in their own right. Experts are convinced that this will happen in the future as more and more people learn English and call it their own.【READING PRACTICE】Colourful EnglishEnglish has a huge number of colourful and splendid expressions which may be difficult to understand. Even if the meaning of the words is straightforward, the cultural associations of the phrase may be ambiguous. The dilemma is to know which are explicit, which are figurative, and why they are relevant to an everyday situation.Idioms are picturesque or absurd expressions conveying a concept which is different from the literal meaning and have been common in English for many years. The Pilgrim Fathers in America always asked for turkeys when they traded with Native Americans. Thus, to talk turkey means to get down to business. But some idioms are very new and you`ll need to clarify what they mean. For example, man as a box of frogs is a recent way of describing someone who has a tendency to be rather disorganized or vague. A bad hair day is one when you fell clumsy or depressed, possibly because your hair doesn`t look good.Many expressions are advertising slogans. That`ll do nicely, sir! comes from an old TV ad for American Express. It`s the shop assistant`s reply to a customer who selects a credit card from his wallet and asks if the shop accepts American Express.Other common expressions have metaphorical significance. Get your tanks off lawn! means Back off! Withdraw your threats! and was first said by a British prime minister, rejecting the threat of a potential strike by a trade union leader. Age before beauty is used when inviting another person to go through a door before you. It`s not meant to abuse the other person, but it may sometimes cause offence. The Iron Curtain was the statesman Winston Churchill`s term for the diving line between eastern and western Europe. With friends like these, who needs enemies? means a friend has betrayed your trust or let you down. We shall overcome dates from the American Civil Rights movement in the USA, meaning we will oppose prejudice against black people and resist conflict between Americans.Finally, there are traditional proverbs which express a moral or piece of advice. For example, when in Rome, do as the Romans do suggests you should adapt to local conditions. Some sayings have achieved the superior status of a proverb such as Money makes the world go around from themusical Cabaret(1996). This comes from the older proverb Love makes the world go round.【CULTURAL CORNER】Chinese as a Foreign LanguageWho wants to learn Chinese? Just about everybody in the world, it seems. The demand for Chinese as a foreign language is growing fast, both in English-speaking countries like France, where the number of students studying Chinese has increased by 15% each year in recent years.There are a number of reasons for the interest. As China develops economically, opportunities for doing business increase dramatically——and if you know your partner`s language, your chances of success increase. But there is also a renewed interest in the culture and traditions of China; the fact that Chinese culture has continued uninterrupted for more than 5,000 years is a source of curiosity and fascination for people in other parts of the world.A third reason is that learning Chinese is, simply, a challenge. With its characters and complicated tone system, most speakers of other languages think Chinese must be the incredibly difficult. But is it really so? As one American students says, “The biggest problem about learning Chinese is often fear——sometimes caused by the teachers. I`ve studied quite a fewlanguages, and none of them are as easy for me as Chinese. The grammar is easy, since sentence order is similar to English——but simper. The only difficult part of spoken Chinese is the tone system. Even that isn`t a big problem. I remember the first time I heard a native of Beijing speaking, it was so clear!”With so much interest in the language ,the Chinese government introduced an international exam system.Established in 1990,the HSK test was initially meant for those learners who regard Chinese as a second or foreign language. Later, it was introduced abroad. At the moment, there are more than 100 exam centres in 27countries around the world, with nearly 15,000 candidates taking the exam every year. And a spin-off of this is that teaching Chinese as a foreign language offers young Chinese language graduates interesting professional opportunities——and a chance to travel across the world.。

tracking order systems

EXAMPLE
Features • •
• •
•
•
Provides a web based platform for customers to keep track of order status Maintains the order status of products and services through each step from order confirmation to delivery and installation Handles phased deliveries or contract manufacturing orders Customers and account managers can login at any time and check the position of the order and deliveries Highlights tasks that require customer inputs such as specifications, documents, tax forms, etc. Maintains a detailed history of all interactions between the customer and the supplier
Member: Darra, Leon, Pepsi, Coke
Interactive order process
An
interactive order processing system includes a Order Processing is basic for e -
front-end module for receiving orders.

Module 4【刷能力】(语篇组合提升练)-七年级英语上册单元模块满分必刷题(外研版)

2023-2024学年七年级英语上册单元模块满分必刷题（外研版）Module 4 Healthy food【刷能力】(语篇组合提升练) Part 1:语法+完型+阅读+短填Part 2: 单元话题满分写作：饮食与健康一、语法选择Jimmy has a healthy eating habit. He likes fruit and vegetables. 18 are his favorite vegetables. He often has fruit salad 19 dinner. He doesn’t eat hamburgers 20 ice-cream. He doesn’t want to be fat. Do you want to be his friend?11．A．a B．an C．the D．\12．A．play B．plays C．played D．playing13．A．he B．him C．his D．himself14．A．do B．don’t C．does D．doesn’t15．A．what’s B．where’s C．who’s D．how’s16．A．on B．in C．at D．for17．A．am B．is C．are D．has18．A．Tomato B．Tomatos C．Tomatoes D．A tomato19．A．in B．to C．about D．for20．A．and B．or C．but D．so二、完形填空grades.What do you 30 my lifestyle? Can you learn something from it?21．A．do B．am C．like D．make22．A．and B．but C．so D．or23．A．Maybe B．Although C．Because D．If24．A．bad B．late C．hard D．good25．A．cleaning B．homework C．exercise D．reading26．A．at B．about C．on D．in27．A．First B．Second C．Third D．Fourth41．A．students B．players C．singers D．teachers42．A．the same B．different C．the same as D．different from43．A．home B．work C．school D．hotel44．A．That B．This C．There D．It45．A．cheap B．expensive C．famous D．favorite46．A．thirsty B．hungry C．good D．bad47．A．something sweet B．anything sweet C．sweet something D．sweet anything48．A．buy B．order C．cook D．sell49．A．because B．so C．but D．or50．A．healthy B．unhealthy C．important D．unimportant三、阅读单选Jane loves sweets（甜食）. She likes to have some after breakfast, lunch and even supper. One day, Jane’s friend, Pat, tells her it is bad for her to eat so many sweets. So Jane makes a plan to stop eating all sweets for one week.bad for Jane’s health.In the first few days, it is difficult for Jane and she feels bad. Pat tells her that when the week is over, she will be able to have sweets again as a prize（奖品）for her hard work. By the fourth day, Jane wants to eat sweets so much, but she doesn’t give up（放弃）. And she tries to eat more healthy food like vegetables and fruit. They are good, but they are not as good as sweets to Jane. By the sixth day, Jane feels a little better. Then the last day comes. That night Jane’s mom and dad make her an ice-cream. It is delicious. The most important thing is that Jane will have a healthy eating habit.51．How often does Jane have sweets at first?A．Once a day.B．Twice a day.C．Three times a day.D．Three times a week.52．What does the underlined word “pleased” mean in English?A．Careful.B．Happy.C．Popular.D．Bored.53．What does Jane eat on the night of the seventh day?A．Some fruit.B．An ice-cream.C．Some vegetables.D．A piece of cake.54．Which of the following is NOT true?A．Jane’s plan to stop eating sweets is for one week.B．It is easy for Jane to give up sweets.C．By the fourth day of the plan, Jane still wants to eat sweets.D．Jane will have a healthier eating habit later.Did you hear about the Blood Type Diet (血型饮食)? According to Peter D’Adamo, you’ll lose weight, haveThe Blood Type Diet also recommends exercise according to your blood type. For example, it suggests jogging (慢跑) or riding a bike for an hour a day for Type Os. It’s hard to tell whether (是否) the Blood Type Diet works or not because there haven’t been any studies about it.55．Why does Peter D’Adamo recommend (推荐) the Blood Type Diet?A．Because it can let people have more free time.B．Because he thinks it is good for people.C．Because he thinks it can help get more sleep.D．Because he thinks it can let people eat more.56．Mr Smith loves milk but D’Adamo wants him to eat fish and chicken. What may his blood type be?A．A B．B C．O D．AB57．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A．If Mr Best’s blood type is AB, he should drink more coffee.B．People of all the blood types should eat vegetables.C．If Mrs Hand’s blood type is O, she should swim for an hour a day.D．If someone’s blood type is B, he should drink high-fat milk.58．What might Peter D’Adamo be?A．An engineer.B．A teacher.C．A computer programmer.D．A doctor.59．What does the writer think of the Blood Type Diet?A．Useful.B．Terrible.C．Funny.D．Equivocal (模棱两可的).Meat and fish are healthy food. Noodles and rice are healthy food. Fruit and vegetables are healthy food but hamburgers and candy aren’t healthy food. Juice, water and milk are healthy drinks but Coke isn’t a healthy drink.To be healthy…●Eat noodles or rice AND some vegetables.●Drink juice, water and milk, NOT Coke.●Eat some meat, NOT hamburgers.●Eat some fruit, NOT candy or ice cream.60．What is healthy food?A．Meat and hamburgers.B．Beef and water.C．Water and apples.D．Fruit and beef.61．To be healthy, we should eat ________.A．rice and fruit B．ice cream and candy C．milk and Coke D．pork and candy62．To be healthy, we should drink ________.A．Coke and water B．ice cream and candy C．milk and juice D．pork and vegetables63．Which is right?A．Our favourite food and drinks are healthy food and drinks.B．Fruit and vegetables are healthy food.C．Candy and water are healthy food and drinks.D．To be healthy, we shouldn’t eat any fruit, candy or ice cream.64．Which is not right?A．Don’t eat too many hamburgers.B．Drink some water, juice and milk, but don’t drink too much Coke.C．Eat some vegetables, fruit, rice, noodles and meat. They are good for your health.D．Noodles, rice and some vegetables are bad for our health.四、短文选词填空五、短文语境提示填空请用适当的词完成下面的短文，并把所缺单词填写在答题卡指定的位置上。

计算机组成与体系结构英文版课程设计

Computer Organization and Architecture English CourseDesignAbstractIn this course design, we will focus on the basic principles of computer organization and architecture. Specifically, we will cover the design of computer systems at the hardware level, including topics such as digital logic circuits, assembly language programming, memory hierarchy, and processor design. Throughout the course, we will also cover some of the fundamental concepts of computer architecture, such as pipelining, caching, virtual memory, and parallelism.IntroductionThe mn goal of this course is to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of computer organization and architecture, from the underlying digital logic circuits to the design of modern computer systems. The course is intended for students who have a basic understanding of digital logic and assembly language programming, and who are interested in learning more about the inner workings of computer hardware.Throughout the course, we will take a hands-on approach to learning, with regular lab assignments that will give students the opportunity to work with real-world computer systems and components. We will also cover some of the latest developments in computer architecture, including the use of GPUs and other specialized hardware to accelerate performance.Course ContentModule 1: Introduction to Computer OrganizationIn this module, we will cover the basics of computer organization, including the different types of computer systems, and the role of the operating system in managing hardware resources. We will also cover some of the key components of computer systems, such as the CPU, memory, and storage devices.Module 2: Digital Logic CircuitsIn this module, we will cover the fundamentals of digital logic circuits, including Boolean algebra, logic gates, and combinational and sequential circuits. We will also cover the use of logic gates to build basic computer components such as adders and multiplexers.Module 3: Assembly Language ProgrammingIn this module, we will cover the basics of assembly language programming, including the use of registers and memory, and thestructure of assembly language programs. We will also cover the basics of debugging and optimization.Module 4: Memory HierarchyIn this module, we will cover the organization of memory in a computer system, including the use of caches and virtual memory. We will also cover the tradeoffs between different levels of memory hierarchy, and the techniques used to optimize memory performance.Module 5: Processor DesignIn this module, we will cover the basics of modern processor design, including pipelining and parallelism. We will also cover the use of specialized hardware, such as GPUs, to accelerate performance.ConclusionOverall, this course is designed to provide students with a solid foundation in computer organization and architecture, with a focus on the design of computer systems at the hardware level. By the end of the course, students should have a good understanding of the basic principles of digital logic circuits, assembly language programming, memory hierarchy, and processor design, as well as some of the latest developments in computer architecture. The course will also provide students with hands-on experience working with real-world computer systems and components, which should be valuable for anyone interested in a career in computer engineering or related fields.。

《计算机英语(第4版)》课后练习参考答案之欧阳德创编

《计算机英语（第4版）》练习参考答案Unit One: Computer and Computer ScienceUnit One/Section AI.Fill in the blanks with the informationgiven in the text:1.Charles Babbage; Augusta AdaByron2.input; output3.VLSI4.workstations; mainframes5.vacuum; transistors6.instructions; software7.digit; eight; byte8.microminiaturization; chipII.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chineseand vice versa:1.artificial intelligence 人工智能2.paper-tape reader 纸带阅读器3.optical computer 光计算机4.neural network 神经网络5.instruction set 指令集6.parallel processing 并行处理7.difference engine 差分机8.versatile logical element 通用逻辑元件9.silicon substrate 硅衬底10.vacuum tube 真空管11.数据的存储与处理the storageand handling of data12.超大规模集成电路very large-scale integrated circuit13.中央处理器central processingunit14.个人计算机 personal computer15.模拟计算机 analogue computer16.数字计算机 digital computer17.通用计算机general-purposecomputer18.处理器芯片 processor chip19.操作指令 operating instructions20.输入设备 input deviceIII.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list,making changes if necessary:We can define a computer as a device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output. According to the mode of processing, computers are either analog or digital. They can also be classified as mainframes, minicomputers, workstations, or microcomputers. All else (for example, the age of the machine) being equal, this categorization provides some indication of the computer’s speed, size, cost, and abilities.Ever since the advent of computers, there have been constant changes. First-generation computers of historic significance, such as UNIVAC (通用自动计算机), introduced in the early 1950s, were based onvacuum tubes. Second-generation computers, appearing in the early 1960s, were those in whichtransistors replaced vacuum tubes. In third-generationcomputers, dating from the 1960s,integrated circuits replaced transistors. In fourth-generation computers such asmicrocomputers, which first appeared in the mid-1970s, large-scale integration enabled thousands of circuitsto be incorporated on onechip. Fifth-generation computers are expected to combine very-large-scale integration with sophisticated approaches to computing, including artificial intelligence and true distributed processing.IV.Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:计算机将变得更加先进，也将变得更加容易使用。

非线性四阶Schrdinger方程的守恒差分格式

第38卷第3期2020年6月沈阳师范大学学报(自然科学版)J o u r n a l o f S h e n y a n g N o r m a lU n i v e r s i t y(N a t u r a l S c i e n c eE d i t i o n)V o l.38N o.3J u n.202文章编号:16735862(2020)03025605非线性四阶S c h röd i n g e r方程的守恒差分格式李德生,李华(沈阳师范大学数学与系统科学学院,沈阳110034)摘要:非线性薛定谔方程在物理学㊁光学等许多领域具有广泛应用,对其研究日益火热㊂主要针对带三次项的非线性四阶S c h röd i n g e r方程的周期初边值问题,构造了一个守恒的线性有限差分格式㊂首先,证明了该差分格式保持了原方程所具有的守恒性质,满足离散整体能量的守恒性和离散的电荷守恒性;然后,应用S o b o l e v不等式对差分格式的解进行了先验估计,再用能量方法证明了格式的稳定性以及在平方模的意义下数值解收敛于真实解,且时间方向和空间方向的收敛阶都是二阶的;最后,结合柯西准则验证了该格式的有效性,数值实验表明,该线性格式在不同的时间层求解可以直接进入循环程序,相比于已有的非线性格式,该格式不需要逐层迭代,而且在不同的空间步长下,运用该格式求得的数值解是稳定的㊂关键词:非线性;四阶S c h röd i n g e r方程;差分格式;守恒;收敛性;稳定性中图分类号:O241.82文献标志码:Ad o i:10.3969/j.i s s n.16735862.2020.03.011A c o n s e r v a t i v e d i f f e r e n c es c h e m ef o r n o n l i n e a rf o u r t h-o r d e rS c h röd i n g e r e q u a t i o nL ID e s h e n g,L IH u a(C o l l e g e o fM a t h e m a t i c s a n dS y s t e m sS c i e n c e,S h e n y a n g N o r m a lU n i v e r s i t y,S h e n y a n g110034,C h i n a)A b s t r a c t:N o n l i n e a r S c h röd i n g e r e q u a t i o nh a s b e e nw i d e l y u s e d i n p h y s i c s,o p t i c s a n dm a n y o t h e rf i e l d s,a n d i t s r e s e a r c h i sb e c o m i ng m o r e a n dm o r e p o p u l a r.Ac o n s e r v a t i v e l i n e a r f i n i t ed i f f e r e n c es c h e m e i sc o n s t r u c t e df o rt h e p e r i o d i ci n i t i a lb o u n d a r y v a l u e p r o b l e m o fn o n l i n e a rf o u r t ho r d e rS c h röd i n g e re q u a t i o n w i t hc u b i ct e r m.I ti s p r o v e dt h a tt h ed i f f e r e n c ee q u a t i o n m a i n t a i n st h ec o n s e r v a t i o n p r o p e r t y o f t h eo r i g i n a l e q u a t i o n,s a t i s f i e s t h ec o n s e r v a t i o no fd i s c re t e g l o b a l e n e r g ya n dd i s c r e t e c h a r g e c o n s e r v a t i o n,a n dt h e nu s e sS ob o l e v i n e q u a l i t y t oe s t i m a t e t h es o l u t i o no f t h ed i f fe r e n c e s c h e m e p r i o r i,a n dt h e n p r o v e st h es t a b i l i t y of t h es c h e m ea n dt h ec o n v e rg e n c eo f th en u m e r i c a l s o l u t i o n t o t h e r e a l s o l u t i o n i n t h e s e n s e o f s q u a r em o d u l e,a n d t h e c o n v e r g e n c eo r d e r o ft i m e d i r e c t i o na n d s p a c e d i r e c t i o n i s s e c o n d o r d e r.F i n a l l y,c o m b i n e dw i t hC a u c h y c r i t e r i o n t o v e r i f yt h e e f f e c t i v e n e s s o f t h e s c h e m e,n u m e r i c a l e x p e r i m e n t s s h o wt h a t t h e l i n e a r s c h e m e c a nb e s o l v e dd i re c t l y i n t o c y c l i c p r o g r a m s a t d if f e r e n tt i m el e v e l s.C o m p a r e d w i t h t h e e x i s t i ng n o n l i n e a rs c h e m e s,t h e r e i s n on e e d f o r l a y e r-b y-l a y e r i t e r a t i o n,a n d t h e n u m e r i c a l s o l u t i o no b t a i n e db y u s i n gt h e s c h e m e i s s t a b l eu n d e r d i f f e r e n t s p a t i a l s t e p s.K e y w o r d s:n o n l i n e a r;f o u r t h-o r d e r S c h röd i n g e re q u a t i o n;d i f f e r e n c e s c h e m e;c o n s e r v a t i o n;c o n v e r g e n c e;s t a b i l i t y0引言本文考虑非线性四阶S c h röd i n g e r方程的周期初边值问题:收稿日期:20191015㊂基金项目:辽宁省科技厅自然科学基金资助项目(20180550996)㊂作者简介:李德生(1963),男,吉林抚松人,沈阳师范大学教授,博士㊂i u t +αu x x +βu x x x x +γ|u |2u =0,(x ,t )ɪ(x L ,x R )ˑ[0,T ](1)u t =0=u 0(x ),x ɪ[x L ,x R ](2)u (x L ,t )=u (x R ,t ),t ɪ[0,T ](3)u x (x L ,t )=u x (x R ,t ),t ɪ[0,T ](4)其中:i 2=-1,α,β,γ为常数;u (x ,t )为一光滑的复值函数;u 0(x )是已知的光滑函数㊂方程(1)满足如下的电荷守恒律和能量守恒律:Q (t )=ʏx Rx L |u (x ,t )|2d x =ʏx Rx L|u (x ,0)|2dx =Q (0),t >0(5)E (t )=ʏx RxL(-α|u x (x ,t )|2+β|u x x (x ,t )|2+12γ|u (x ,t )|4d x =ʏx Rx L (-α|u x (x ,0)|2+β|u x x (x ,0)|2+12γ|u (x ,0)|4d x =E (0)(6)非线性S c h r öd i n ge r 方程的数值解法一直受到广泛关注,并且已经取得许多成果[18]㊂但是目前对于上述带三次项的非线性四阶S c h r öd i n g e r 方程的数值研究还不多㊂文献[9]结合分裂算法与多辛算法,构造了该方程的一个分裂多辛格式;文献[10]将辛欧拉方法与拟谱方法相结合,导出了一个多辛拟谱格式;文献[11]构造了一个非线性的二层守恒格式㊂本文将采用有限差分方法对方程(1)构造一个线性守恒差分格式㊂1 格式的构造及相关引理本文使用的记号如下:(u nj )x =u nj +1-u n j h ,(u n j )췍x =u n j -u n j -1h ,(u n j )^t =u n +1j -u n -1j2τ(u n,v n)=h ðJ j =0u n j 췍v n j , u n 2=(u n ,u n ), u n ɕ=s u p 0ɤj ɤJ|u n j |(u nj )x췍x =u n j +1-2u n j +u n j -1h 2,(u n j )x x 췍x 췍x =u n j +2-4u n j +1+6u n j -4u n j -1+u nj-2h4其中:h 和τ分别为空间步长和时间步长,h =x R -x LJ ,τ=T N ㊂本文约定,C 为非负常数,在不同的地方可以取不同的值㊂现在对问题(1)~(4)构建如下的差分格式:i (u n j )^t +α2(u n +1j +u n -1j )x 췍x +β2(u n +1j +u n -1j )x x 췍x 췍x +γ2|u n j |2(u n +1j +u n -1j )=0(7)u 0j =u 0(x j ), 0ɤj ɤJ (8)u n0=u nJ ,0ɤn ɤN (9)(u n0)x =(u n J )x ,0ɤn ɤN (10)下面,将给出本文中常用的引理㊂引理1[12] 周期边界条件下,有以下恒等式成立:h ðJ j =0(u j )x 췍x v j =-h ðJj =0(u j )x (v j )x (11)引理2[13] (离散S o b o l e v 不等式)存在正常数c 1,c 2,对任何一个网格函数{u nj },j =0,1,2, ,N 有u ɕɤc 1 u n+c 2 u x引理3[14] (离散G r o n w a l l 不等式)设w (k )和ρ(k )是非负网格函数,若c >0,ρ(k )不减且752第3期李德生,等:非线性四阶S c h r öd i n ge r 方程的守恒差分格式ω(k )ɤρ(k )+cτðk -1l =0ω(l )则对任何0ɤk ɤN 成立ω(k )ɤρ(k )e c k τ㊂引理4[13] 对任意的u ɪZ 0h ,有 u n x 췍x 2ɤ4h2 u n x2㊂引理5[15] 对[0,L ]上任意一个网格函数{u j },j =0,1,2, ,J 成立不等式 u 44ɤC u 3( u x +u /L )2 差分格式的电荷守恒性及能量守恒性定理1 差分格式(7)~(10)满足如下守恒律Q n =12( u n +1 2+ u n 2)= =Q 0(12)E n=α2( u n +1x 2+ u n x 2)-β2( u n +1x 췍x 2+ u n x 췍x 2)-γ2h ðJ -1j =0|u n j |2|u n +1j |2= E 0(13)这是对(5)和(6)式的数值模拟㊂证明令式(7)与u n +1+un -1作内积并取虚部得12τ( u n +1 2- u n -1 2)=0(14)令Q n =12( u n +1 2+ u n2),则可立得式(12)㊂令式(7)与u n +1-un -1作内积并取实部得-α2( u n +1x 2- u n -1x 2)+β2( u n +1x 췍x 2- u n -1x 췍x2)+γ2h ðJ -1j =0|u n j |2(|u n +1j |2-|u n -1j |2)=0(15)令E n=α2( u n +1x 2+ u n x 2)-β2( u n +1x 췍x 2+ u n x 췍x 2)-γ2h ðJ -1j =0|u n j |2|u n +1j |2,递推即得式(13)㊂在上述证明的计算中应用了引理1㊂定理2 当α2-2βh 2-r ε4>0时,差分格式的解满足 u n ɕɤC ㊂证明由式(12),可知 u nɤC .再由式(13)可知α2( u n +1x 2+ u n x 2)=C +β2( u n +1x 췍x 2+ u n x 췍x 2)+γ2h ðJ -1j =0|u n j |2|u n +1j |2ɤC +2βh2( u n +1x 2+ u n x 2)+γ2h ðJ -1j =0|u n j |2|u n +1j |2ɤC +2βh 2( u n +1x 2+ u n x 2)+γ4h ðJ -1j =0(|u n j |4+|u n +1j |4)ɤC +2βh 2( u n +1x 2+ u n x 2)+γ4( u n 44+ u n +1 44)ɤC +2βh2( u n +1x 2+ u n x 2)+γε4( u n +1x 2+ u n x 2)因此,当α2-2βh 2-r ε4>0时,有 u n x 2ɤC ,应用S o b o l e v 不等式即可得到 u n ɕɤC ㊂其中ε为一正常数㊂上述证明过程应用了引理2,4,5㊂3 差分格式的收敛性定理3 设定解问题(1)~(4)的解u (x ,t )ɪC 4,3((x L ,x R )ˑ[0,T ]),则差分格式(7)~(10)的解在852沈阳师范大学学报(自然科学版) 第38卷平方模的意义下一下收敛于问题(1)~(4)的解,且收敛阶为O (τ2+h2)㊂证明记U n j =u (j h ,n τ),则截断误差R nj满足:R n j =i (U n j )^t +α2(U n +1j +U n -1j )x 췍x +β2(U n +1j +U n -1j )x x 췍x 췍x+γ2|U n j |2(U n +1j +U n -1j )(16)用式(16)减去式(7),记e n j =U n j -u nj,可得R nj =i (e nj )^t +α2(e n +1j +e n -1j )x 췍x +β2(e n +1j +e n -1j )x x 췍x 췍x +γ2|U n j |2(U n +1j +U n -1j )-γ2|u n j |2(u n +1j +u n -1j)(17)e 0j =0(18)e n0=e nJ ,0ɤn ɤN(19)(e n0)x =(e n J )x ,0ɤn ɤN(20)由T a y l o r 展开易知R n j的阶数为O (τ2+h 2)㊂把式(17)与e n +1+e n -1作内积,然后取虚部,可得12τ( e n +1 2- e n -1 2)+I m (P ,e n +1+e n -1)=I m (R n ,e n +1+e n -1)(21)其中P =γ2|U n |2(U n +1+U n -1)-γ2|u n |2(u n +1+un -1)㊂现估计式(21)左端最后一下和右端项㊂P 的表达式等价于P =γ2|U n |2(e n +1+e n -1)-γ2(U n 췍e n +e n 췍u n )(u n +1+u n -1),由此可得I m (P ,e n +1+e n -1)ɤC ( e n +1 2+ e n 2+ e n -1 2)I m (R n ,e n +1+e n -1)ɤ R n 2+12( e n +1 2+ e n -1 2)代入式(21)整理可得12( e n +1 2- e n -1 2)ɤτ R n 2+C τ( e n +1 2+ e n 2+ e n -1 2)即12-C æèçöø÷τ( e n +1 2- e n -1 2)ɤτ R n 2+C τ e n 2+2C τ e n -1 2上式对n 求和,可得12-C æèçöø÷τ( e N +1 2- e N 2)ɤτðNn =1 R n2+2C τðNn =1( e n 2- e n -1 2)+12-Cæèçöø÷τ( e 1 2+ e 0 2)ɤT R n2+2C τðNn =1( e n +1 2- e n -1 2)+12-C æèçöø÷τ( e 1 2+ e 0 2)这里R n =s u p 0ɤn ɤNR n2取τ足够小,满足12-C æèçöø÷τ>0,由G r o n w a l l 不等式有e n 2ɤC ( e 1 2+ e 0 2+ R n 2)(22)e 1可由其他二阶方法求得,如文献[11]]中的方法㊂综上可知 e n 2ɤO (τ2+h2)㊂类似的,可以证明该格式是稳定的4 数值结果对方程(1)的周期初边值问题进行数值实验,在方程(1)中取952第3期李德生,等:非线性四阶S c h r öd i n ge r 方程的守恒差分格式α=1,β=-1,γ=1,u0(x)=x2(1-x)2,xɪ[0,1],tɪ[0,1]㊂本文是三层格式,不是自启动的,需要用其他的同阶格式算出u1(如文献[11]中的格式),由于该方程的周期精确解未知,但是可以根据柯西准则,来证明该格式的有效性㊂分别取h=0.1,h=0.2,时间步长取定τ=0.05,可以求得2个数值解U1,U2,然后计算2个数值解在不同的时间层上的误差,其误差用㊃Ѳ ɕ估计,得到表1㊂表1误差估计T a b l e1E r r o r e s t i m a t i o n时间层 e ɕt=0.12.1889e-04 t=0.26.0815e-08 t=0.32.1888e-04 t=0.41.2163e-07 t=0.52.1887e-04时间层 e ɕt=0.61.8244e-07 t=0.72.1886e-04 t=0.82.4326e-07 t=0.92.1885e-04 t=1.03.0407e-07由表1可知,最大误差不超过2.1889e-04,远小于O(τ2+h2)㊂综上,本文的差分格式是有效的㊂5结论利用有限差分法对非线性四阶S c h röd i n g e r方程构建了一个三层的线性有限差分格式,与文献[11]的非线性格式相比,在具有相同收敛阶的前提下,大大减少了计算量,并且该格式依旧具有电荷守恒及能量守恒的性质,且该格式在一定条件下是稳定的,数值例子证明了该格式是非常有效的㊂参考文献:[1]张鲁明,常谦顺.非线性S c h röd i n g e r方程的守恒数值格式[J].计算物理,1999,16(6):661668.[2]张鲁明,常谦顺.非线性S c h röd i n g e r方程的一个新的守恒差分格式[J].高校应用数学学报A辑(中文版),2000, 15(1):7278.[3]李昊辰,孙建强,骆思宇.非线性薛定谔方程的平均向量场方法[J].计算数学,2013,35(1):5966.[4]张荣培,张怡,刘佳.二维分数阶非线性薛定谔方程的守恒数值方法[J].沈阳师范大学学报(自然科学版),2018, 36(2):169173.[5]吕理想,张晓萍.不同形式非线性薛定谔方程及其分步傅里叶法求解[J].计算物理,2007,24(3):373377.[6]龚伦训.非线性薛定谔方程的J a c o b i椭圆函数解[J].物理学报,2006,55(9):44144419.[7]黄红,王兰.薛定谔方程的局部1维多辛格式[J].江西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2011,35(5):455458.[8]陈皓,高明,汪青杰.用有限差分法解薛定谔方程[J].沈阳航空工业学院学报,2005,22(1):8788.[9]孔令华,曹莹,王兰,等.带三次非线性项的四阶S c h röd i n g e r方程的分裂多辛算法(英文)[J].计算物理,2011,28(5):730736.[10]黄浪扬.广义非线性S c h r d i n g e r方程的多辛格式与模方守恒律[J].计算物理,2009,26(5):693698.[11]林超英,黄浪扬,赵越,等.带三次项的非线性四阶S c h röd i n g e r方程的一个局部能量守恒格式[J].计算数学,2015, 37(1):103112.[12]常红.C a m a s s a-H o l m方程的守恒有限差分格式[J].高等学校计算数学学报,2012,34(1):7886.[13]B A IY,Z HA N GL M.Ac o n s e r v a t i v e f i n i t ed i f f e r e n c es c h e m e f o rs y mm e t r i cr e g u l a r i z e dl o n g w a v ee q u a t i o n s[J].A c t aM a t h e m a t i c a eA p p l i c a t a eS i n i c a,2007,30(2):248255.[14]C O N S T A N T I N A.T h e c a u c h yp r o b l e mf o r t h e p e r i o d i cC a m a s s a-H o l me q u a t i o n[J].D i f f e r e n t i a l E q u a t i o n s,1997, 141(2):218235.[15]Z HO U YL.A p p l i c a t i o n o f D i s c r e t e F u n c a t i o n a l A n a l y s i s t o t h e F i n i t eD i f f e r e n c eM e t h o d[M].B e i j i n g:I n t e r n a t i o n a lA c a d e m i cP u b l i s h e r s,1990:64.062沈阳师范大学学报(自然科学版)第38卷。

Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 产品说明书

Colophon© 2020-2022 Raspberry Pi Ltd (formerly Raspberry Pi (Trading) Ltd.)The documentation around the Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND).build-date: 2022-06-07build-version: githash: 66d4b42-cleanLegal disclaimer noticeTECHNICAL AND RELIABILITY DATA FOR RASPBERRY PI PRODUCTS (INCLUDING DATASHEETS) AS MODIFIED FROM TIME TO TIME (“RESOURCES”) ARE PROVIDED BY RASPBERRY PI LTD (“RPL”) "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW IN NO EVENT SHALL RPL BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THE RESOURCES, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.RPL reserves the right to make any enhancements, improvements, corrections or any other modifications to the RESOURCES or any products described in them at any time and without further notice.The RESOURCES are intended for skilled users with suitable levels of design knowledge. Users are solely responsible for their selection and use of the RESOURCES and any application of the products described in them. User agrees to indemnify and hold RPL harmless against all liabilities, costs, damages or other losses arising out of their use of the RESOURCES.RPL grants users permission to use the RESOURCES solely in conjunction with the Raspberry Pi products. All other use of the RESOURCES is prohibited. No licence is granted to any other RPL or other third party intellectual property right.HIGH RISK ACTIVITIES. Raspberry Pi products are not designed, manufactured or intended for use in hazardous environments requiring fail safe performance, such as in the operation of nuclear facilities, aircraft navigation or communication systems, air traffic control, weapons systems or safety-critical applications (including life support systems and other medical devices), in which the failure of the products could lead directly to death, personal injury or severe physical or environmental damage (“High Risk Activities”). RPL specifically disclaims any express or implied warranty of fitness for High Risk Activities and accepts no liability for use or inclusions of Raspberry Pi products in High Risk Activities.Raspberry Pi products are provided subject to RPL’s Standard Terms. RPL’s provision of the RESOURCES does not expand or otherwise modify RPL’s Standard Terms including but not limited to the disclaimers and warranties expressed in them.Table of contentsColophon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Legal disclaimer notice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32. Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.1. CM4 module connectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.2. PSU input. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.3. Dual full-size HDMI 2.0 connectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.4. Gigabit Ethernet RJ45. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.5. USB 2.0 hub. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.6. Micro USB connector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.7. microSD card socket. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.8. PCIe Gen 2 x1 socket. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.9. Fan connector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.10. Dual DSI display connectors (22-pin 0.5mm pitch cable). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.11. Dual CSI-2 camera connectors (22-pin 0.5mm pitch cable). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.12. Raspberry Pi HAT connector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.13. Real time clock (RTC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.14. Jumpers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.15. LEDs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83. Mechanical diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94. Circuit diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Chapter 1. IntroductionFigure 1. Render of theRaspberry Pi ComputeModule 4 IO Board.The Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 IO Board (CM4IO) is designed to assist in the development of products that makeuse of Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4. The Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 IO Board contains many of the interfacesthat Raspberry Pi 4 Model B has, and for general usage you should refer to the Raspberry Pi 4 Model B documentation.The significant difference between CM4IO and Raspberry Pi 4 Model B is the addition of a single PCIe socket. TheCM4IO has been designed as both a reference design for CM4 or to be used directly as a product with the possibleaddition of PCIe Cards and Raspberry Pi HATs.Chapter 2. Features•Accepts the complete range of CM4 modules•External +12V PSU•2 × full-size HDMI 2.0 connectors•Gigabit Ethernet RJ45 with PoE support•2 × USB 2 sockets, with header for two more sockets•Micro USB socket for updating CM4•microSD card socket for CM4Lite modules•PCIe Gen 2 socket•Standard fan connector•External power connector (+5V, +12V)•2 × MIPI DSI display FPC connectors (22-pin 0.5mm pitch cable)•2 × MIPI CSI-2 camera FPC connectors (22-pin 0.5mm pitch cable)•Raspberry Pi HAT connector•RTC with battery socket and ability to wake up CM4•Jumpers to disable features, e.g. wireless, EEPROM writing2.1. CM4 module connectorsThe two CM4 module connectors are positioned so the on-board wireless antenna is at the edge of the board for best wireless performance.2.2. PSU inputThe main PSU input (J19) is a 2.1mm DC tip positive +12V input. There is an on-board +12V to +5V DC-DC converter to power the CM4. There is also an on-board +12V to +3.3V DC-DC converter PSU which is only used for the PCIe slot. The +12V input feeds the +12V PCIe slot, the external PSU connector and the fan connector directly. If these aren’t being used then a wider input supply is possible (+7.5V to +28V).With a +12V supply via the DC barrel jack, the external PSU connector (J20 with +5V and +12V) is ideal to connect to PCIe cards that require an external PSU. You should ensure that the PSUs aren’t overloaded. The J20 mating connector is known as "Berg" connector, part number AMP/TE Connectivity 171822-4 or similar.The exact current required from the +12V PSU is dependent on the application and on what is connected to the Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 IO Board. We recommend budgeting 9W for CM4.If you want to supply an external +5V supply to the board, e.g. via J20 or via PoE J9, then we recommend that L5 be removed. Removing L5 will prevent the on-board +5V and +3.3V supplies from starting up and +5V coming out of the DC jack socket (J19).2.3. Dual full-size HDMI 2.0 connectorsCM4 does most of the interfacing required for the HDMI interface so that most signals are directly connected to theCM4 board. HDMI connectors require a +5V supply, which is provided on the Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 IO Board via a current-limited switch.2.4. Gigabit Ethernet RJ45The Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 IO Board uses a standard 1:1 Ethernet magjack, which supports PoE as well. Additional ESD protection is provided on the Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 IO Board as it is typically needed in PoE applications. The PoE signals from the RJ45 connector are connected to J5. Typically a PoE HAT will supply +5V to the Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 IO Board. As a typical PoE HAT doesn’t generate a +12V power rail, PCIe expansion cards and the fan will not function.2.5. USB 2.0 hubThe Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 IO Board has an on-board USB 2.0 hub. This connects to the CM4 USB 2.0 port. Two ports from the hub are connected to a connector. The other two ports are connected to a header; this header can be used to provide two extra internal ports.There is an internal current limit switch to provide VBUS to the USB connectors. The current limit is set to approximately 1.2A.The USB interface is disabled to save power by default on the CM4. To enable it you need to add the following to the config.txt file:dtoverlay=dwc2,dr_mode=host2.6. Micro USB connectorThe micro USB connector is designed to enable CM4 to be updated via rpiboot. When a micro USB cable is plugged in the USB hub is automatically disabled, so the CM4 USB 2.0 port becomes a USB device.2.7. microSD card socketWARNINGFor use only with CM4Lite modulesThe microSD card socket is a push-push socket. To release the microSD card, a gentle push on the card will enable it to be removed.2.8. PCIe Gen 2 x1 socketThe PCIe socket is designed to take standard PC PCIe cards. You should ensure that there is a suitable OS driver for your card.The PCIe link on the Raspberry Pi 4 Model B is used for the USB 3.0 interface via the VLI805 XHCI controller. If the application requires USB 3.0 interface then an external XHCI controller is required like the VLI805.The PCIe link has been successfully used with an NVMe drive via a passive PCIe adaptor.NOTEBooting isn’t supported via a PCIe switch.If the application uses a standard PCIe card then it might be useful to have a small PCIe adapter to rotate the PCIe card 90degress to enable a more compact case.NOTEThe PCIe interface doesn’t support MSI-X. Typically PCIe devices will fall back to MSI.2.9. Fan connectorThis connector supports standard +12V fans with PWM drive and tacho output. An EMC2301 controls the fan via I2C. The mating connector part number is Molex 47054-1000 or similar. The +12V power for the fan comes from the +12V input and isn’t regulated.TIPTo enable the I2C bus to the fan controller, you will need dtparam=i2c_vc=on set in config.txt. The fan controller will then be on i2c-10 address 0x2f (7-bit address).2.10. Dual DSI display connectors (22-pin 0.5mm pitch cable)Both DSI interfaces (2-channel and 4-channel) are brought out to separate 22-way 0.5mm pitch connectors. These connectors are the same as on the existing CMIO board; note that they are different from Raspberry Pi 4 Model B. If the DSI0 interface (2-channel) is used, then the two jumpers on J6 must be fitted to route the I2C bus to the connector.2.11. Dual CSI-2 camera connectors (22-pin 0.5mm pitch cable)Both CSI-2 interfaces (2-channel and 4-channel) are brought out to separate 22-way 0.5mm pitch connectors. These connectors are the same as on the existing CMIO board; note that they are different from Raspberry Pi 4 Model B. If the CSI0 interface (2-channel) is used, then the two jumpers on J6 must be fitted to route the I2C bus to the connector.2.12. Raspberry Pi HAT connectorThe Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 IO Board has a standard Raspberry Pi 40-way HAT connector. Mounting holes are also provided so that standard HATs may be used.2.13. Real time clock (RTC)A PCF85063AT RTC is provided on the Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 IO Board. A battery socket is provided for a CR2032 battery. On initial setup, the CLKOUT of the RTC should be disabled to save power.The alarm output of the RTC is used to wake CM4 from a previous shutdown. If an alarm goes off during normaloperation, the CM4 will be reset; this can be used as a watchdog timer if required.TIPTo enable the I2C bus to the RTC you will need dtparam=i2c_vc=on set in config.txt. The RTC then will be on i2c-10address 0x51 (7-bit address).2.14. JumpersR4/R5 Vref voltage selectionBy default the Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 IO Board sets the CM4 IO voltage to +3.3V via R5. Moving R5 to R4 setsthe IO voltage on CM4 to +1.8V. Moving the resistor requires the use of a soldering iron.NOTEOnly one of R4 or R5 may be fitted at any one time.NOTEJ6 CSI0 DSI0 I2C enableFor the J6 jumpers, if either CSI0 or DSI0 is used then both jumpers must be fitted to route the I2C bus to theconnectors.Table 1. J2 jumpersTable 2. J3 (not fittedby default)Table 3. J1 (not fittedby default)2.15. LEDsRed LEDThis LED duplicates the function of the red LED on Raspberry Pi 4 Model B Green LEDThis LED duplicates the function of the green LED on Raspberry Pi 4 Model BChapter 3. Mechanical diagramFigure 2. Mechanicaldiagram of theRaspberry Pi ComputeModule 4 IO Board.Chapter 4. Circuit diagramFigure 3. Top levelFigure 4. CM4 highspeed。

TriBus系统的Tricon Communication Module说明书

27•Test all basic processor and floating-point instructions and operating modes •Validate user memory by means of the TriBus hardware-voting circuitry •Verify the shared memory interface with each I/O communication processor and channel •Verify handshake and interrupt signals between the CPU, each I/O communication processor and channel •Check each I/O communication processor and channelmicroprocessor, ROM, sharedmemory access and loopback of RS-485 transceivers •Verify the TriClock and TriBus interfacesTricon CommunicationModuleThe Tricon Communication Module (TCM), which is compatible with only Tricon v10.0 and later systems, allows the Tricon to communicate with TriSta-tion 1131, other Tricon or Trident controllers, Modbus master and slave devices, and external hosts over Ethernet networks.Each TCM contains four serial ports, two network ports, and one debug port (for Triconex use).Each serial port is uniquely addressed and can be configured as a Modbus master or slave. Serial Port #1 supports either the Modbus or the Trimble GPS interface. Serial Port #4 supports either the Modbus or the TriStation interface. Each TCM supports an aggregate data rate of 460.8 kilobits per second, for all four serial ports.Any standard Modbus device can communicate with the Tricon through the TCM, provided that aliases are assigned to the Tricon variables. Alias numbers must also be used when hostIf multiple Tricon systems areconnected by means of NCMs, the time synchronization capability ensures a consistent time base for effective SOE time-stamping. See page 72 for more information. DiagnosticsExtensive diagnostics validate the health of each MP, I/O module and communication channel. Transient faults are recorded and masked by the hardware majority-voting circuit.Persistent faults are diagnosed and the errant module is hot-replaced.MP diagnostics perform these tasks:•Verify fixed-program memory and static RAMMain Processor ModulesModel 3008 Main Processors (MP) are available for Tricon v9.6 and later systems. For detailed specifications, see the Planning and Installation Guide for Tricon Systems .Three MPs must be installed in the Main Chassis of every Tricon system. Each MP independently communicates with its I/O subsystem and executes the user-written control program.Sequence of Events (SOE)and Time Synchronization During each scan, the MPs inspect designated discrete variables for state changes known as events. When an event occurs, the MPs save the current variable state and time stamp in the buffer of an SOE block.。

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Solution It is seen that So, we have
2 n
ω = 9, 2ζωn = 4.5,
ωn = 3,
2 ωn C D ( s) = = 2 2 R s + 2ζωn s + ωn
ζ = 0.75,
ωd = ωn 1 − ζ 2 = 1.98,
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Kp Ka Km /(NR) Js2 + cs + Kp Ka Km /(NR)
The position control system block diagram
Θl Second order system C
The usual form R
2 ωn 2 s2 + 2ζωns +ωn
where
ωn =
Motor τm τm
ω ωm ωl
va
1 R + sL
i
i
Km
1 c + Js
1/N
va
Km ( R + L s )( c + J s )
ωm
1 N
ωl
替换 Motor
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va
Km ( R + L s )( c + J s )
J = Jm + Jl N2 c = cm + cl N2
1/N
ωl
i
τm
Electrical part
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1 c + Js
ωm
DC motor with Field-controlled(励磁控制)
va
The position control system block diagram with a DC motor with Field-controlled(励磁控制)
Input potentiometer Amplifier
θd
Kp
vd
+
ve
vl
va
Ka
Km R ( c + Js )
ωm
1 N
先看一个例子
构造闭环, 驱动直流电机负载定位
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a DC electric motor to position an inertial load through a gearbox
2 ωn C D (s) = = 2 2 R s + 2ζωn s + ωn
ωm
1 N
ωl
替换 Motor
Input potentiometer
θd
Kp
vd
+
vl
ve
Amplifier
Motor
ω
Integrator
1 s
θ
l
Kp
Feedback potentiometer
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The position control system block diagram with a DC motor with Field-controlled(励磁控制)
1 K= 4
Output responses of second order systems
二次系统的输出响应
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Test input signals
The standard test input signals commonly used are:
Laplace
t
dvo C =i dt CsVo = I ωn =
1 ( R + Ls + ) I = Vi Cs Vo 1 = Vi LCs 2 + RCs + 1
2 ωn C D (s) = = 2 2 R s + 2ζωn s + ωn
1 R C , ζ = 2 L LC
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Sample problem 4.1 A closed-loop transfer function has the form
9 C = 2 R s + 4.5s + 9 Determine the undamped natural frequency, the damping ratio and damped natural frequency
Sample problem 4.3 A control system with unity feedback is shown in the following Fig. Determine the gain K to make the damping ratio ζ=1.
R
K s ( s + 1)
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Example: a DC electric motor to position an inertial load through a gearbox (Servo-system) (see pp.10)
i
Torque and Angular speed
ωl =
1 ωm N
ωm
va=iR+Ldi/dt
Laplace
Km
τm
Va=(R+sL)I va
1 R + sL
Newton Jl cl & τm = (Jm + 2 )ωm + (cm + 2 )ωm N N Laplace
Τm = (Js + c)Ωm
C
Solution The closed-loop transfer function is
K G ( s) = 2 s +s+K
2 ωn C D ( s) = = 2 2 R s + 2ζωn s + ωn
So, we have ζ =1 ωn = K , 2ζωn = 1
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• Step input (阶跃输入，这一节的重点信号) • Ramp input (斜坡输入) • Parabolic input (抛物输入, Acceleration ) • Sinusoidal input (正弦输入) • Unit impulse input (单位脉冲输入)
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Input potentiometer
θd
Kp
vd
+
ve
Amplifier
Motor
ω
Integrator
vl
Kp
Feedback potentiometer
1 s
θl
(see pp. 12)
Consider the DC motor with Field-controlled(励磁控制). Find its lower order block diagram and transfer functions.
ζ = 1 : Critically damped
临界阻尼
ζ > 1 : Over damped 过阻尼 0 < ζ < 1 : Under damped
欠阻尼
ζ < 0 : Unstable Don' t consider不考虑，不稳定情形 ζ = 0 : Oscillting
R(s) 2 ωn C D ( s) = = 2 2 R s + 2ζωn s + ωn
ωl 1 θ l
s
Integrator
Kp
Feedback potentiometer
总传递函数（ total transfer function）
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总传递函数（ total transfer function） Θd
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1 s 1 s2 1 s3 Aω s2 + ω 2 1
Unit step response:
1 r ( t ) = 1( t ) → R ( s ) = s 2 ωn 1 C ( s) = 2 ⋅ 2 s + 2ζωn s + ωn s
K p Ka Km NRJ
c NR ζ = 2 K p Ka Km J
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Second order system
概念，特点
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DC motor with Field-controlled(励磁控制)
剖分电机
va va Electrical part
R i
Motor i i