高考英语考前突破阅读理解能力财经新闻微软总裁鲍尔默一年(精)

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新教材适用2024版高考英语二轮总复习第2部分阅读能力突破篇专题1阅读理解第4讲题型破解__主旨大意

第二部分专题一第4讲A(2023·河南省焦作市普通高中高三二模)An inability to stand on one leg for 10 seconds in later life is linked to nearly double the risk of death from any cause within the next decade, according to a new study．The simple balance test may be useful to be included in routine physical exams for people in middle and old age, the research, which was published in British Journal of Sports Medicine, suggested．While aging leads to a decline in physical fitness, muscle strength and flexibility, balance tends to be reasonably well-preserved until a person's 50s, when it starts to decline relatively rapidly, the research noted．Previous research has linked the inability to stand on one leg to a greater risk of falls and to cognitive decline．The study involved 1,702 people aged 51 to 75 living in Brazil, who were asked to balance unsupported on one leg during an initial check．Researchers told the participants to place the front of the free foot behind the standing leg, keep their arms by their sides and eyes．Fixed straight ahead．Up to three attempts on either foot were permitted．The study participants had an average age of 61 and two-thirds of them were men．Around 1 in 5 failed to balance on one leg for 10 seconds at the initial checkup．Researchers monitored the participants after the initial checkup for a period of seven years, during which 7% of the people died．The proportion(比例) of deaths among those who failed the test (17．5%) was significantly higher than deaths among those who were able to balance for 10 seconds(4．5%)．The research was observational and didn't reveal cause and effect．The study didn't look at any possible biological mechanisms that might explain the link between poor balance and longevity．The study noted that, overall, those who failed the test were in poorer health, with greater proportion of suffering from obesity, heart disease and high blood pressure．Diabetes was also more common among those who failed to complete the test．1．What did the participants take during the research？A．Vision examinations．B．Medical examinations．C．Flexibility tests．D．Balance tests．2．How did the researchers get the findings？A．By calculating the participant numbers．B．By comparing the participants' lifetime．C．By identifying the participants' diseases．D．By monitoring the participants' pressure．3．What was the research's shortcoming？A．It had few participants．B．It didn't last very long．C．It lacked in-depth study．D．It was the first research on balance．4．What may be the best title for the text？A．Balance determines a person's lifetimeB．The balance test should be promoted to peopleC．The ability to stand on one leg can reflect health levelsD．Being able to stand for 10 seconds means being healthy【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。

2021年6月高考英语考前冲破阅读明白得能力财经新闻全球私人财产飙升至152万亿

全世界私人财产飙升至152万亿The amount of private wealth held by households globally surged more than 14% to $152 trillion last year, boosted mainly by rising stock markets.2021年全世界家庭所持有的私人财产飙升超过14%，达到152万亿美元，其中要紧的增加来自于股市上涨。

Asia-Pacific, excluding Japan, led the surge with a 31% jump to $37tn, a report by Boston Consulting Group says.The number of millionaire households also rose sharply.The report takes into account cash, deposits, shares and other assets held by households. But businesses, real estate and luxury goods are excluded."In nearly all countries, the growth of private wealth was driven by the strong rebound in equity markets that began in the second half o f 2021," the firm said in i ts report."This performance was spurred by relative economic stability in Europe and the US and signs of recovery in some European countries, such as Ireland, Spain and Portugal."The amount of wealth held in equitiesglobally grew by 28% during the year, Boston Consulting Group (BCG) said.Asia-Pacific growthEconomies in Asia have been key drivers of global growth in the recent years. And households in the region have benefitted from this growth.Within the region, China has bee n the biggest driver - with private wealth in the country surging more than 49% in 2021.High saving rates in countries such as China and India has also been a key contributing factor to this surge.The wealth held in the region is expected to rise further, to nearly $61tn by the end of 2018."At this pace, the region is expected to overtake Western Europe as the second-wealthiest region in 2021, and North America as the wealthiest in 2018," BCG said.The pace of wealth creation in China was also evident in the growth in the number of millionaire households - in US dollar terms - in the country, rising to 2.4 million in 2021, from 1.5 million a year ago.Overall, the total number of millionaire households in the world rose to 16.3 million in 2021, from 13.7 million in 2021.。

高考英语二轮复习专项能力提升练阅读理解考点分类练8词句猜测题(2)

考点分类练(八) 词句猜测题(2)(限时:25分钟)Passage1(2023湖北武汉二模)Do you ever hear a friend speak on a topic with the belief that “everyone”thinks the same way?Do you often find yourself surrounded in a social media feed that is pletely tailored to you and your beliefs,reading along without the immediate realization?A social media echo chamber(回音室) is when one experiences a tailored media experience that leave out opposing viewpoints and differing voices.Social media sites like Meta,Twitter,and YouTube connect groups of likeminded users together based on shared content preferences.As a result,people see and take in information according to our preexisting beliefs and opinions.Social media panies therefore rely on algorithms(算法) to assess our interests and flood us with information that will keep our attention.The algorithms focus on what we “like”,and “share” to keep feeding content that makes us fortable.In order to truly get access to all information and to evaluate our media,we must give ourselves the opportunity to step out of our fort zone.While this bees increasingly challenging,there are things we can do.The first step is to beef up your media consumption sources.Adding in a few media sources with differing opinions will allow you to at least understand what people are saying outside of your echo chamber.Next,read each thing you see with a critical eye.Make sure that each thing you accept as truth is truly stly,attempt to search out reliable new sources that are known for trying their best to leave out false information.By accepting that our media buffet on social media is a product of our present beliefs and opinions,we can work to make sure we are not simply stuck in a social media echo chamber.1.What is a result of the social media echo chamber?A.People contact likeminded online users effectively.B.People keep reading for more differing viewpoints.C.People rely on algorithms to evaluate their interests.D.People only get information confirming their beliefs.2.Whatdoes“beefup”underlinedinparagraph3mean?A.Track.B.Improve.C.Provide.D.Identify.3.Which of the following can help us get out of the echo chamber?A.Criticizing fake news on social media.B.Exposing ourselves to opposing voices.C.Researching primary sources of information.D.Accepting our present beliefs and opinions.4.What is the purpose of the text?A.To call on people to use algorithms frequently.B.To ask people not to take in information blindly.C.To promote the use of various social media sites.D.To inform people of new technology developments.Passage2(2023湖南邵阳二模)Our planet Earth is full of life and has incredible biodiversity.Biological diversity or biodiversity is the base of human existence and fundamental to its wellbeing.Species are the building blocks of this life on Earth,and it is believed that the species that are at present globally found have continuously evolved over 65 million years since the Last Mass Extinction.However,the nature and extent of our planet’s biodiversity at all levels have not been pletely evaluated y et.Thus,the exact number of species found in the world remains unknown.Over the years,with the advancement of scientific knowledge and the discovery of more new species,it has been approximated that there are,at present,10 million to 14 million species on Earth,of which 1.2 million species have been databased.This means that still more than 86% of the terrestrial(陆生的) and 91% of the marine species remain unknown.Every year,taxonomists(分类学家)describe thousands of species,some of which are pletely new to science,while in some cases,the species and subspecies are closely examined and determined whether they can be considered distinct species.A study has revealed that over 99.9% of all species amounting to more than 5 billion species that ever lived here,are believed to be extinct.At present,our planet houses millions of species,among which 86% live on land,13% in the deepsubsurface,and a mere 1% in the oceans.However,biodiversity is not evenly distributed on Earth,and its number varies greatly on different continents.The undiscovered and misidentified species slow our ability to understand patterns and changes in global biodiversity and the rate of species extinctions(灭绝).Even after several years of taxonomic studies,only 14% of terrestrial species and 9% of marine species have been officially added to the centraldatabase.Necessarily,some species will bee extinct before researchers realize they ever existed.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“marine”meaninparagraph1?A.Rare.B.Oceanic.C.Endangered.D.Novel.6.What do taxonomists usually do?A.Examine distribution of species.B.pare species from subspecies.C.Decide the situation of the species.D.Describe diversity of newfound species.7.Which of the following can describe the distribution of the Earth’s biodiversity?A.Unequal.B.Accumulative.C.Average.D.Maximum.8.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A.The central database covers all species.B.The rate of species extinctions is rather high.C.Many undiscovered species have been extinct.D.Humans know little about endangered species.Passage3(2023辽宁鞍山一模)Humans are developing new places to live in.In the south of Silicon Valley sits the Monterey Peninsula,where you’ll find a moveable munity that’s being designed as a rest region for the region’s tech elit es(精英).Walden Monterey was founded in 2016 by developer Nick Jekogian,who set out to turn the 609acre land into a coastal “agrihood” munity,a growing trend among the tech elites in which they avoid the idea of belonging to golf munities,unlike whatthe previous generations have done,and instead enjoy agricultural neighborhoods that focus on nature,farms,and outdoor living.The property plans to build 22 homes in total,with the lots they sit costing about $1 million each(three lots have been sold,as of September 2018).After the sales are made,buyers can work with a team of more than 20 architects assembled by Jekogian to then pay additional millions each for home construction.A key step in the buying process involves potential buyers actually visiting the land.Jekogian invites people to stay in “moveable rooms” or small moveable glass houses,which allow them to experience what living on the land would actually be like.But now,Walden Monterey will soon provide a new way to try out the land.The design studio DFA,founded by Laith Sayigh,was approached by Walden Monterey to design a house for potential buyers to stay each in while they think about purchase decisions.The 3Dprinted houses,named Galini Sleeping Pods,are 300 square feet in size,can be moved anywhere,are powered by solar panels,wind turbines and Tesla batteries,and will cost about $250,000 each.Sayigh told BusinessInsider that they’ re not just a future staple for the Walden Monterey munity,but that they represent the next generation of construction technology.9.What life do the tech elites like according to the text?A.Getting close to nature.B.Playing golf after work.C.Living in a big house.D.Having a house in Silicon Valley.10.What’s the purpose of designing Galini Sleeping Pods?A.To attract more people to visit the design studio DFA.B.To give a rule for the future construction technology.C.To call on architects to build more moveable munities.D.To offer buyers chances to try living in a moveable house.11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Solar panels.B.The 3Dprinted houses.C.Tesla batteries.D.The Walden Monterey munity.12.What can we infer from the text?A.The style of the houses depends on buyers’ own ideas.B.Buyers should pay off the expense of the houses in one attempt.C.The money spent on constructing the houses is more than the cost of the lots.D.Buyers of the houses are forbidden to get involved in the process of constructing. 答案：考点分类练(八) 词句猜测题(2)Passage1[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。

2020年高考英语阅读理解快速突破练习(带答案)

2020年高考英语阅读理解快速突破练习【名师精选热点阅读理解，值得下载】(建议用时：30分钟)阅读理解(共两节，满分35分)第一节(共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

AIn American countryside, the message we hear is this: Go and get an education. Leave your small town and make something of yourself. Success and opportunity are found elsewhere.After graduating from a high school in Helena, Arkansas, I did go.I went to Colby College in Maine. I had visited the school ahead of time, so I knew what I was getting myself into. I knew about the difference in weather. I understood the difference in social atmosphere. But I wanted to stretch myself and get out of my comfort zone. And you know what? I absolutely loved my time there. But one thing took me by surprise—the lack of countryside representation. Most of the other students at Colby were from big cities: New York, Boston, Los Angeles, San Francisco...And when I had conversations with these students—in or outside of class—we almost always focused on topics facing large American cities. In my education classes, it was always “urban this”and “urban that”．It was like small town America didn’t exist.And this urban interest doesn’t just happen in college. I went to an education conference a couple of years ago, and a professor—someone who had been at the forefront of educational reform—was there to deliver a keynote. I was chosen to be part of a small group that got to meet with him. So there we were, five or six of us sitting in a room, and I asked him, “What are your thoughts on the state of education in the countryside？” And this man was speechless.I’ll never forget that moment. It speaks to a larger truth. Towns like mine are forgotten.This trend of exporting talent and resources to our big cities—this mindset of leaving small towns and never coming back—I don’t want to add to that movement. I want to reverse that movement.Now it’s my turn to help people younger than me. And you know what? I’m a sixth grade teacher in Helena now.1．What do people in American countryside think of the future of the youth at home?A．Secure.B．Fragile.C．Promising. D．Bright.2．How would the author feel about the professor’s reaction?A．It’s emotional. B．It’s natural.C．It’s positive. D．It’s disappointing.3．What is the author doing now?A．Teaching in a college.B．Fighting for the movement.C．Working with the professor.D．Devoting himself to his hometown.BCocaCola, which reportedly produced more than 3 million tons ofplastic packaging in 2017, announced that it wanted to “help fix the world’s plastic waste problem one community(社区) at a time”．The soda giant is doing so by providing $5.4 million for recycling programs in cities like Atlanta, Boston, Denver and Houston. In these cities, partners, like The Green Blue Institute and The Recycling Partnership, which receive the money, will work together to improve recycling rates.“We focus on areas where we have the ability to make the biggest influence on communities through the funding and expert skills of Coca-Cola employees，”Carlos Pagoaga, CocaCola’s group director of community partnerships, said in a statement. “In each city, local partners will work together to identify barriers to recycling on a local level and test a range of solutions，”he added. “We hope the learning from these ‘model markets’can offer solutions to other cities facing similar challenges.”As part of the effort, The Recycling Partnership and the city of Atlanta, where the CocaCola company’s headquarters are based, will send street teams out to open recycling carts and leave citizens cards informing them what they can and can’t recycle, and let them know how their efforts work.“Two of the most urgent problems with recycling in the U．S. today are lack of access and the pollution in recycling，”Keefe Harrison, CEO of The Recycling Partnership, said in a statement. “We know from the success of Atlanta in 2017 that the citizens want to recycle, and that communicating with them in the street works.”Last year, CocaCola announced its task to collect and reuse a bottle or can for each one it sells, and increase the amount of its products out of recycled materials to 50% by 2030. It also aims to make all its packaging fully recyclable by 2025.4．What does CocaCola company intend to do in the program?A．Produce less packaging.B．Help deal with plastic waste.C．Pick up waste in communities.D．Build a plant to recycle plastic waste.5．What’s paragraph 2 mainly about?A．How CocaCola conducts its program.B．What organizations participate in the program.C．How CocaCola chooses cities for the program.D．What the local people do in CocaCola’s program.6．What does Keefe Harrison think of the program?A．Promising.B．Difficult.C．Pioneering. D．Costly.C“While extroverts(性格外向者) often make great first impressionswith their outgoing manner and lively personalities in interviews, theirvalue and reputation at work diminish(缩减) over time，”says CorinneBendersky, an associate professor of management.“Extroverts disappoint us over time when they’re part of a team，”Bendersky says. “On a team you’re expected to work hard and contribute a lot. But they’re often poor listeners, and they don’t collaborate.”“On the other hand, introverts(性格内向者) work hard on a team because they care what others think of them. They don’t want to be seen as not pulling__their__weight or contributing 100%，”Bendersky says.“So while companies may be attracted to hiring extroverts because they impress managers greatly in job interviews, bosses also may want to consider whether the extrovert they are considering will be a valuable team player，”Bendersky says.Amy Jen Su and Muriel Maignan Wilkins, two writers, agree and say managers should recognize the strengths of introverted employees, such as their ability to put themselves in someone else’s shoes.“These team members are often easygoing, which can make them exceptional mentors to more junior staff or particularly good sounding boards when you interact with them in oneonone situations，”Su says.“Managers must try to help introverts find their voice，”Wilkins says. “Help them see that speaking up is not about selfpromotion or being in conflict but rather about offering the team key insights, making better decisions or increasing the efficiency for all.”What about those extroverts who never seem to be at a loss for words? Should managers cutthem off? Managers definitely should weigh in on how an extrovert is affecting others. Wilkins suggests saying something in private to make adjustments.7．What do we know about outgoing people according to Bendersky?A．They are good listeners.B．They are good at cooperating.C．They often make great contributions.D．They tend to perform well in interviews.8．Which can best replace the underlined part “pulling their weight” in paragraph 3?A．Trusting others.B．Making good choices.C．Doing their full share of work.D．Trying to share their thoughts.9．What is Su’s attitude towards Bendersky’s words?A．Critical.B．Tolerant.C．Doubtful. D．Approving.10．What does Wilkins advise managers to do?A．Promote more introverts.B．Learn to work more efficiently.C．Encourage introverts to speak up.D．Avoid conflict among employees.第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020高考英语临考难点突破专题学生版

2020高考英语临考难点突破专题学生版2020高考英语临考难点突破专题一、阅读理解AThe ancient tale of the Country Mouse and the Town Mouse was only the first to emphasize rural folk's supposed simplicity when compared with more sophisticated urbanites. However, neuro-scientists announce that, in fact, it is city living that can dull the wits.The new study led by Dr. Spiers at Nantes University describes how they used a dataset from 4 million people of a computer game, which tests navigating skills by asking players to memorise a map showing the location of checkpoints and then measuring how well players can find them, guided only by their mental map. Dr. Spiers and his colleagues examined the 4 million people from 38 countries, and found that the strongest indicator of a high score was a player's age—older people performed relatively poorly, which agrees with what researchers know about age-related cognitive decline. But the benefit of rural living was strong enough to offset some of that. Data showed that a 70-year-old who grew up in the countryside had the navigational abilities of an average 60-year-old across the dataset.There is a huge gap between the navigation skills of rural and city people, and the researchers think they know why. Dr. Spiers says that the brain's navigational abilities probably weaken in the less challenging city environment because they are not being used as much. Although cities may appear more elaborate, they also feature more clues to help residents find their way, such as numbered streets. In the countryside, however, one field tends tolook much the same as another, so there are fewer external landmarks to help guide the way.Neuroscientists already know that living and working in more complex environments can influence the function and structure of the brain. Brain scans of London taxi drivers, who have gained an encyclopedic memory of the city5 s streets, show that they tend to have an enlarged hippocampus—a region of the brain acting as a neural GPS, sensing position and path on an internal map of the environment.The harmful effect of city living on navigation is probably most serious in people under 16—18, Dr. Spiers says, because their still-developing brains respond and change the most according to external stimuli. And while people who live in cities with young children should not be alarmed, the study does raise some interesting ideas for urban planners: keep their city designs not so simple perhaps. And for everyone else, it might be an idea to turn off maps on the phone.1．The study led by Dr. Spiers shows that _______.A．the seniors score higher at computer gamesB．rural life benefits people's sense of directionC．participants are better at finding ways in citiesD．the young remember checkpoints better in maps2．The underlined word "offset", in Para. 2 most probably means _______.A．achieve B．confirmC．reduce D．replace3．What is the purpose of the passage?A．T o introduce a new way of driver training.B．To expose the drawbacks of living in the urban area.C．T o show the contrast between lives in the country andcity.D．T o present environments' impact on one's ability to locate places.4．What is the best tide for the passage?A．Lost in the CityB．Brain Weakened in CitiesC．Navigating to the CountrysideD．The Negative Effects of City LivingBCommunities across the world are starting to ban facial recognition technologies. The efforts are well intentioned, but banning facial recognition is the wrong way to fight against modern surveillance （监视）.Generally, modern mass surveillance has three broad components: identification, correlation and discrimination.Facial recognition is a technology that can be used to identify people without their consent. Once we are identified, the data about who we are and what we are doing can be correlated with other data. This might be movement data, which can be used to "follow” us as we movethroughout our day. It can be purchasing data, Internet browsing data, or data about who we talk to via email or text. It might be data about our income, ethnicity, lifestyle, profession and interests. There is an entire industry of data brokers who make a living by selling our data without our consent.It's not just that they know who we are; it's that they correlate what they know about us to create profiles about who we are and what our interests are. The whole purpose of this process is for companies to treat individuals differently. We are shown different ads on the Internet and receive different offers for credit cards.In the future, we might be treated differently when we walk into a store, just as we currently are when we visit websites.It doesn't matter which technology is used to identify people. What's important is that we can be consistently identified over time. We might be completely anonymous （匿名的）in a system that uses unique cookies to track us as we browse the Internet, but the same process of correlation and discrimination still occurs.Regulating this system means addressing all three steps of the process. A ban on facial recognition won't make any difference. The problem is that we are being identified without our knowledge or consent, and society needs rules about when that is permissible.Similarly, we need rules about how our data can be combined with other data, and then bought and sold without our knowledge or consent. The data broker industry is almost entirely unregulated now. Reasonable laws would prevent the worst of their abuses.Finally, we need better rules about when and how it is permissible for companies to discriminate. Discrimination based on protected characteristics like race and gender is already illegal, but those rules are ineffectual against the current technologies of surveillance and control. When people can be identified and their data correlated at a speed and scale previously unseen, we need new rules.Today, facial recognition technologies are receiving the force of the tech backlash （抵制），but focusing on them misses the point. We need to have a serious conversation about all the technologies of identification, correlation and discrimination, and decide how much we want to be spied on and what sorts ofinfluence we want them to have over our lives.5．According to Para. 2, with facial recognition _______.A．one’s lifestyle change s greatlyB．one's email content is disclosedC．one's profiles are updated in timeD．one's personal information is released6．We can learn from the passage that _______.A．discrimination based on new tech surveillance is illegal B．different browsing data bring in different advertisements C．using mobiles anonymously keeps us from being correlatedD．data brokers control the current technologies of surveillance7．The underlined part “the point，,in the last paragraph probably refers to _______. A．people's concern over their safety B．the nature of the surveillance societyC．proper regulation of mass surveillanceD．the importance of identification technology8．The author wrote this passage to _______.A．call for banning facial recognition technologiesB．advocate the urgent need for changes in related lawsC．inform readers of the disadvantages of facial recognition D．evaluate three broad components in modem mass surveillanceCChicken is America’s most popular meat. Many people assume chicken follows a simple rule-of-thumb: Pink chicken turned white means “done.” It’s similar to how we cook other meats. But is this true? To study how cooks at home follow safety recommendations, researchers filmed 75 households in fiveEuropean countries. From a random but nonrepresentative sample, they also conducted an online survey of nearly 4,000 households in the same countries that say they cook chicken.Worried that chicken would dry out, most home cooks determined doneness by color and texture (口感) inside the meat, they found. Few bothered with thermometers (温度计), claiming they took too much time, were too complicated to use, didn’t fit in the chicken or weren’t necessary (although easy-to-use thermometers are inexpensive and widely available).In additional lab experiments, the scientists injected raw chicken breast with bacteria (细菌), which cause millions of sicknesses, thousands of hospitalizations and hundreds of deaths each year in the United States. They cooked the breasts until they reached core temperatures ranging from 122 to 158 Fahrenheit, and they discovered something surprising. At 158 degrees, but not lower, bacteria inside the chickens’ cores was reduced to safe levels, and when cut open its flesh appeared dull and fibrous, not shiny like raw chicken. But meat began changing from pink to white far below this, and most color change occurred below 131 degrees Fahrenheit. Sometimes, the chicken’s core would be safely cooked, but unsafe levels of bacteria still existed on surfaces that hadn’t touched the grill plate.So what are you supposed to do?Dr. Bruno Goussault, a scientist and chef, recommends buying and cooking breasts and legs separately. Bring the breast’s core to 165 degrees Fahrenheit, he said, and the leg to between 168.8 and 172.4 Fahrenheit. If you really want to safely measure temperature for a whole chicken, insert a pop-up thermometer into the thickest part of the leg before roasting it, Dr. Goussault suggests. By the time it pops, the breasts will havelong cooked. They will likely be dry and far from his standards of culinary (烹饪的) perfection. But you’ll be sure to, as Dr. Goussault says in French, “dormir sur ses deux oreilles,” or, figuratively, “sleep peacefully.”9．Why didn’t home cooks measure temperature with a thermometer?A．They could not afford it. B．It affected the taste of the meat.C．It was not available in supermarkets. D．They thought it was too much trouble. 10．In lab experiments, when the temperature reached 158 Fahrenheit, the meat . A．was free of bacteria B．still remained pinkC．appeared to dry out D．was reduced in size11．What can be learned from the last paragraph?A．The meat does not taste best when bacteria free.B．The leg becomes fully cooked before the breast.C．A whole chicken requires a higher temperature.D．The thermometer should be placed inside the breast.12．What is the passage mainly about?A．Food safety. B．Simple lifestyle.C．Cooking skills. D．Kitchen equipment.DUpskilling is the future—but it must work for everyoneAutomation and job replacement will be one of the most significant challenges for the global economy of the coming decades. A 2017 Mckinsey report established that 375 million workers will need to switch occupational categories by 2030. The World Economic Forum suggests that by 2022, automation will replace 75 million jobs globally—but create 133 million new ones.Research into the likelihood that a job will be impacted by digitization has largely focused on the “automatability” of therole and the following economic regional and political effects of this. Wha t this research doesn’t take into account is something more important for the millions of taxi drivers and retail workers across the globe: their likelihood of being able to change to another job that isn’t automatable. Recent research suggests that th e answer to this may be that the skills that enable workers to move up the ladder to more complex roles within their current areas might be less important than broader skills that will enable workers to change across divisions.In July, Amazon announced that it would spend $700 million retraining around 30% of its 300,000 US workforce. While praiseworthy, it will be interesting to see the outcome. In the UK, the National Retraining Scheme has largely been led by employers, meaning that those on zero-hours contracts and part-time workers—often low-skilled—will miss out. Governance will be a crucial element of ensuring that such schemes focus on individuals and life-long learning, rather than upskilling workers into roles that will soon also face automation.Acco rding to the Mckinsey report, “growing awareness of the scale of the task ahead has yet to translate into action. Public spending on labour-force training and support has fallen for years in most member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-Operati on and Development,” which impacts more than just the low-skilled and poorly compensated.The global impact of automation is also put into relief by research demonstrating that, between 1988 and 2015, income inequality increased throughout the world. Billions of people do not have the essentials of life as defined by the UN Sustainable Development goals.Alongside climate change, automation is arguably tech’sbiggest challenge. As withglobalization, governments and employers—and us workers—ignore its potential consequences at risk to ourselves.13．It can be known from Paragraph 2 that .A．recent research has found ways to face automationB．broad skills are of great significance in changing jobsC．regional economy can affect the automatability of a job D．it is even harder for workers to move up the social ladder 14．What is the author’s attitude towards retraining programs?A．Supportive. B．Critical.C．Skeptical. D．Sympathetic.15．According to the author, what is one consequence of automation?A．Less spending on training. B．A slowdown of globalization. C．Social unrest and instability. D．An increase in income inequality. 16．The passage is written to .A．argue the urgency of creating new jobs B．compare globalization with automation C．analyze the automatability of certain jobs D．stress the importance of upskilling workers EIf there’s one cliche（陈词滥调）that really annoys Danah Boyd, a specialist researcher who has made a career from studying the way teenagers use the web, it’s that of the digita l native. “Today the w orld has computer-mediated communications. Thus, in order to learn about their social world around them, teenagers are learning about those things too. And they’re using that to work out the stuff that kids have always worked out： peer（同龄人）sociality, statu s, etc.” she says.It’s no surprise Boyd takes exception, really. As one of thefirst digital anthropologists to dig into the way teenagers use social networking sites, she gained insights into the social web by taking a closer look at what was going on.Lately, her work has been about explaining new ways of interpreting the behavior we see online. She outlined some examples at a recent conference in San Francisco, including the case of a young man from one of the poorest districts of Los Angeles who was applying for a top American college. The applicant said he wanted to escape the influence of violence, but the admissions officer was shocked when he discovered that the boy's MySpace page was covered with precisely the violent language he claimed to hate. “Why was he lying about his motivations?” asked the university. “He wasn't, ” said Boyd. “In his world, showing the right images online was a key part of surviving daily life.”Understanding what’s happening online is especially important, for today’s teena gers have a vastly different approach to privacy from their parents. She says, “Adults think of the home as a very private space. That’s often not the case for teenagers because they have little or no control over who has access to it, or under what conditions. As a result, the online world can feel more private because it feels like there's more control.”The concept of control is central to Boyd's work, and it applies to pointing out the true facts about teenage behavior. Boyd suggests control remains in the same places as it always did.“Technologists all go for the idea of techno?utopia （乌托邦）, the web as great democratizer （民主化）”，she says. “But we’re not actually democratizing the whole system；we’re just shifting the way in which we discriminate.”It’s a call to arms that most academic researchers would tend to sidestep, but then Boyd admits to treading a fine line between academics and activists. “The questions I continue to want to ask are the things that are challenging to me；having to sit down and be forced to think about uncomfortable social stuff, and it’s really hard to get my head around it, which means it’s exactly what I should dive in and deal with, ” she says.17．What does Danah Boyd think of “compute r-mediated communications”?A．They teach teenagers about social interaction.B．They replace other sorts of social interaction for teenagers.C．They are necessary for teenagers to have social interaction.D．They are barriers to wider social interaction among teenagers.18．Why does Danah Boyd cite the example of the Los Angeles college applicant?A．T o show how easy it is to investigate somebody's online activity.B．To illustrate how easy it is to misinterpret an individual online activity.C．T o prove how important it is to check the content of someone's online activity.D．T o express how necessary it is to judge someone's sincerity from his online activity. 19．Danah Boyd argues in Paragraph 4 that _______.A．teenagers feel more private in the online world than in the homeB．teenagers are less concerned about privacy than theirparentsC．parents tend not to respect teenagers'need for online privacyD．parents value the idea of privacy less in a domestic environment20．It can be inferred from the last paragraph that Danah Boyd _______.A．is willing to take on research challenges others would avoidB．regards herself as being more of an activist than a researcherC．is aware that she is lacking in ability to deal with the challengesD．feels like abandoning the research into uncomfortable social stuffF“Jewel wings fly around like little helicopters until they see preys (猎物), usually smaller flying insects,” said Bellido, a biologist at the University of Minnesota. “Then th ey dash at their meals in a burst of speed.”You might mistake jewel wings for their cousins, dragonflies. New research shows that these two insects share something more significant than their appearance, however. In a paper published in Current Biology, Dr. Bellido and the dragonfly colleagues reveal that the neural (神经的) systems behind jewel wings’ vision are shared with dragonflies, with whom they have a common ancestor that lived before dinosaurs. But over the centuries, this brain wiring has adapted itself in different ways in each creature, enabling sharply different hunting strategies.Jewel wings’ behavior involves attacking what’s directly infront of them, the team found. But recordings made in the lab by Dr. Gonzalez and her colleagues confirmed that dragonflies rise up in a straight line to seize unsuspecting insects from below. Researchers are particularly interested in the neurons (神经元) that send visual information to the wings.To look closer at the neurons linking vision and flight, the researchers equipped jewel wings with sensors and showed them a video of a moving dot, comparing it with earlier dragonfly research. When a neuron fired, a popping sound filled the researchers’ ears, allowing them to tell exactly which movements-left, right, up, down or some combination-each neuron responded to. Jewel wings best see what’s right in front of them, they found, while dragonflies’ clearest vision is just above them.The team was interested to find that while jewel wings’ neurons didn’t alw ays res pond like those in dragonflies, the number of neurons and organization were similar. That suggests that the system that conveys this information from the eyes to the wing muscles did not evolve recently, but has roots that are millions of years older than the oldest dinosaurs. And that ancient common ancestor likely had already developed remarkable speed in both vision and flight. Then, in the following years, the system has evolved to suit individual insect species.This shared neural system may be more than 250 million years old, but it is also flexible enough to transform itself to meet the needs of a variety of creatures in different eras and environments, the findings suggest.21．Jewel wings usually catch their meals ________ them.A．on the right of B．on the left ofC．straight ahead of D．at the back of22．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?A．What actions jewel wings take to catch preys.B．How jewel wings ‘neurons respond to vision.C．When jewel wings start to hunt for their preys.D．Where researchers did the research into jewel wings.23．What can we learn about dragonflies and jewel wings from the passage?A．The two insects possess similar neural systems.B．Jewel wings’ vision is sharper than dragonflies’.C．Dragonflies ‘brain wiring is the same with jewel wings’.D．The oldest dinosaurs react as rapidly as the two insects.24．What is the main purpose of the passage?A．T o analyse the habits of two similar insects.B．To tell the difference between dragonflies and jewel wings.C．To assess the effects of differ ent insects ‘hunting strategies.D．To present the result of a study on two insects neural systems.GWe Are CyborgsRoboCop, the Bionic Woman, Darth V ader-what do these characters have in common? They are all cyborgs-humans who are made more powerful by advanced technology. You might think that cyborgs exist only in fiction, or are a possibility only in the distant future. But cyborg technology already exists.The word “cyborg” was first used in 1960 and defined as an organism “to which extern al component s have been added for the purpose of adapting to new environments”. According to this definition, an astronaut in a spacesuit is an example ofcyborg, as the spacesuit helps the astronaut adapt to a new environment-space. More recently, the word has evolved to refer to human beings who have mechanical body parts that make them more than human.Although super-humans like RoboCop are not yet a reality, advances in real-life cyborg technology allow some people to compensate for abilities they have lost, and give other people new and unusual abilities. An example is filmmaker Rob Spence and his bionic eye. Spence injured one of his eyes in an accident.A camera was implanted in his prosthetic eye(假眼). The eye is not connected to his brain or optic nerve(视神经), but it can record what he sees. Spence has used his camera eye to record interviews for a documentary about people with bionic body parts.Some types of cyborg technology replace a lost ability by connecting directly to a person’s nerves. Michael Chorost completely and suddenly lost his ability to hear in July of 2001. Two months later, doctors placed a cochlear implant, a kind of computer, inside his skull. This type of implant connects to auditory nerves and allows a deaf person to hear again. Around the world, over 300,000 people have now been fitted with cochlear implants.These examples of cyborg technology have enabled people to enhance or change their abilities and improve their lives. But does everyone want to use cyborg technology? It might be too late to decide. Cyborg scientist Amber Case argues that most of us are already cyborgs. Anyone who uses a computer or a smartphone, Case claims, is a cyborg. Consider the data that you have in your smartphone. It keeps information for you so you don’t have to remember it: notes, phone numbers, emailaddresses, messages. It also allows you to communicate with friends and family via telephone, text messages, email, and social networks.The potential benefits of cyborg technology are evident, but can this new technology be harmful, too? Could we become too dependent on cyborg technology-and become less than human? These still remain questions.25．According to the passage, the cyborg _______.A．is similar to human beingsB．took root in fiction charactersC．first appeared in space industryD．has some device attached to the body26．With the help of cyborg technology, _______.A．eyesight can be restoredB．the nerve injury can be repairedC．lost abilities can be replaced by a new skillD．hearing loss can be prevented by cochlear implants27．Amber Case probably thinks that ______.A．technology makes cyborgs become commonB．cyborg technology is crucial to modern societyC．the use of mobiles improves cyborg technologyD．cyborg technology helps improve human memory28．Wha t is the author’s attitude toward cyborg technology?A．Critical. B．Skeptical.C．Optimistic. D．Objective.HThe last decade saw the rise of the field of “plant neurobiology (神经生物学)”. That debatable field is based on the idea that plants——which do not possess brains ——handleinformation in ways similar to complicated animal nervous systems. This thinking implies that plants could feel happiness or sorrow or pain, make intentional decisions and even possess consciousness. But the chances of that are “effective ly zero," Lincoln Taiz and colleagues write in an opinion piece in Trends in Plant Science. "There's nothing in the plant remotely comparable to the complexity of the animal brain," says Taiz, from the University of California, Santa Cruz.Some plants are capable of complicated behavior. Wounded leaves can send warning signals to other parts of the plant, and harmful chemicals can warn animals that eat them. Some plants may even have a version of short-term memory: Tiny sensing hairs can count the number of touches that come from a clumsy insect. But plants perform these with equipment that's very different from the nervous systems of animals, no brain required, Taiz argues.He and colleagues point out methodological (方法的) faults in some of the studies that claim plants have brain-like command centers, animal-like nerve cells and changing patterns of electricity that are similar to activity found in animal brains. But beyond the debate over how these studies are conducted, Taiz's team argues that plant consciousness doesn't even make sense from an evolutionary (进化的) point of view.Complicated animal brains advanced in part to help a living being catch a meal and avoid becoming one, Taiz says. But plants are rooted to the ground and rely on sunlight for energy, an inactive lifestyle that doesn't require quick thinking or outsmarting a predator (捕食者)——or the energetically expensive nervous systems that enable those behaviors.“What use would consciousness be to a plant?” Taiz asks.The energy required to power awareness would be too costly, and the benefit from such awareness too small. If a plant worried and suffered when faced with a threat, it would be wasting so much energy that it wouldn't have any left to do anything about that threat, Taiz says.Imagine a forest fire. "It's unbearable to even consider the idea that plants would be conscious beings aware of the fact that they're being burned to ashes, watching the young trees die in front of them," Taiz says. The frightening scene illustrates "what it would actually cost a plant to have consciousness."Furthermore, plants have plenty to do without having to be conscious, too. With sunlight, carbon dioxide and water, plants create the compounds (化合物) that sustain much of the rest of life on Earth, Taiz points out. "Isn't that enough?"29．According to Paragraph 1, a plant neurobiologist would most probably agree that ______. A．plants are capable of independent thinkingB．plants are as biologically complex as animalsC．plants developed nervous systems for survivalD．plants feel emotions in the same way as animals30．What does the underlined "one” in Paragraph 4 refer to?A．A predator.B．A meal.C．An inactive plant.D．A living being.31．Which statement does Linchol T aiz believe?A．Plants possess brain-like command centers.B．The lifestyle of plants requires nervous systems.C．It is unnecessary for plants to have consciousness.。

新教材适用2024版高考英语二轮总复习第2部分阅读能力突破篇专题1阅读理解课件

28．Where is the text most probably taken from？ .
A．An introduction to a book．
B．An essay on the art of writing．
C．A guidebook to a museum．
D．A review of modern paintings．
实战导引·点迷津
(2023 •新高考全国 I卷C) Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world．The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being．In artists' representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time．
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated．From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader．To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined．And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity．

新教材2024高考英语二轮专题复习小题天天必练阅读理解题型分类练三

阅读理解题型分类练(三) 细节理解题——数字计算类A[2023·山东省临沂市高三一模]Writer'sDigest Annual Writing CompetitionWriter'sDigest has been shining a spotlight on up and coming writers in all genres (体裁) through its Annual Writing Competition for more than 80 years. Enter our 89th Annual Writing Competition for your chance to win and have your work be seen by editors and agents!Prizes·One Grand Prize winner will receive：$5，000 in cash and an interview with them in Writer'sDigest(Nov/Dec 2022 issue) and on Writers Digest. com. A paid trip to the Writer's Digest Annual Conference, including special recognition at the keynote.·All top winners will receive：Their names and the title of their winning piece listed in Writer'sDigest and on Writers A oneyear subscription (new or renewal) to Writer'sDigest magazineA one year subscription to Writer'sDigest Tutorials20% discount off of purchases made at Writer'sDigest UniversityPricing and Deadlines·EarlyBird Deadline: May 6, 2022Poetry entry—$20 for the first entry; $15 for each additional poetry entry.Manuscript entry—$30 for the first entry; $25 for each additional manuscript entry.·Regular Deadline: June 6, 2022Poetry entry—$25 for the first entry; $20 for each additional poetry entry.Manuscript entry—$35 for the first entry; $30 for each additional manuscript entry.Preparing your entry·Please submit text only; illustrations are not accepted.·Cover pages are optional; titles are not reque sted or necessary.·Word counts are not to include entry title.·Accepted file formal: pdf. Do not attach zipped files, or documents stored on the web.How to EnterCreate your free Submittable account by clicking the SUBMIT button. If you already have a Submittable account, simply log in!1．What will all top winners receive?A．Their winning piece published in Writer'sDigest.B．A paid trip to the Writer's Digest Annual Conference.C．Free permenant subscription to Writer'sDigest magazine.D．Purchases at a 20% discount at Writer's Digest University.2．If someone submits two manuscript entries on May 22nd, how much should he pay?A．$65. B．$55.C．$45. D．$35.3．Which of the following must be submitted in an entry?A．Titles. B．Cover pages.C．Texts in pdf. D．Illustrations.B[2023·辽宁省沈阳市高三一模]NEMO Science Museum in AmsterdamNEMO Science Museum in Amsterdam is a stimulating scene. Children of different ages have fun with huge soap bubbles and experiments in the chemistry lab. Grownups, with or without children of their own, have fun at NEMO too. It's hard to hold back when you are presented with all the devices and experiments.Visiting NEMOAmsterdam NEMO houses loads of handson science and technology exhibitions inside its large boatshaped building. No matter what your background is, you will learn something new and have fun in exciting games. Attractions change regularly, so check the homepage to get the latest word.Rooftop square: the roof is freely accessible for everyone. You can find the openair exhibition Energetica and a restaurant on the roof, with beautiful views of the city of Amsterdam.NEMO ticketsThe museum can be crowded, so you can buy your NEMO tickets in advance.17.50freeThere are several cafés and if you prefer to bring your own food, snacking on it is allowed in assigned places. On a sunny day you should picnic out on the large roof.Opening hoursNEMO is open from Tuesday to Sunday, 10：00 a．m.—17：30 p．m.AccessibilityNEMO is easily accessible by public transport. The museum's eyecatching coppergreen building is easy to spot from Amsterdam Central Station.●By bus: Take Bus 22 and get off at Kadijksplein.●On foot: Weather conditions allowing, a 15minute walk to NEMO from the Central Station is a nice option. It's worth the trip just to view the spectacular architecture and the surrounding piers (码头) and ships.●By car: NEMO is accessible by car. However, parking in the cent re of Amsterdam is expensive. NEMO does not have any parking facilities of its own.4．What can people do in NEMO Science Museum?A．Have free light snacks.B．Purchase some exhibits.C．Share regular attractions.D．Gain knowledge from games.5．How much do a couple with a child aged 3 have to pay?A．17.50. B．35.00.C．28.00. D．52.50.6．Which is a recommended way to go to NEMO from Central Station?A．Taking a free bus.B．Driving a private car.C．Walking there, weather permitting.D．Taking a boat to avoid traffic jams.C[2023·黄冈中学高三二模]Big Thinkers SeriesThe 2022 Big Thinkers Series from NewScientist events features four online talks, covering a wide range of topics by worldclass scientist speakers and experts. If you are curious about your planet or your universe, then this series is your place to hear the latest research.Save ￡20 off the standard ticket price by purchasing a series ticket to all four talks in the Big Thinkers Series (available ondemand) or purchase single tickets for just ￡13 per lecture (available by early booking).Reality＋： From the Matrix to the Metaverse with David ChalmersIn this talk, philosopher David Chalmers argues that Metaversestyle virtual worlds experienced through headsets are also genuine and meaningful realities and we can live a meaningful life in VR.What we don't know about gravity with Claudia de RhamWe are all familiar with the concept of gravity. In this talk, Professor Claudia de Rham will explore how much we actually know about gravity and how much more there is left to uncover.A Brief History of Timekeeping with Chad OrzelFrom Stonehenge to atomic clocks, here is the 5, 000year history of how science is used to mark time. Chad Orzel, the internationally bestselling author of HowtoTeachQuantumPhysicstoYourDog, offers us a witty journey through scientific theory and quirky (反常的) historical detail.Physics at the End of the universe with Katie MackThe Big Bang theory tells the story of the beginning of the universe for the last 13.8 billion years. But how does the story end? Join astronomer Katie Mack as she shares what modern astrophysics tells us about the final fate of the universe.7．How much does a series ticket cost?A．￡13. B．￡20.C．￡30. D．￡32.8．What will Chad Orzel lecture in?A．The genuine reality.B．The secrets of gravity.C．The history of time marking.D．The final fate of the universe.9．What do the four talks have in common?A．They are all aimed at science lovers.B．They are all concerned with gravity.C.They will all be given by bestselling authors.D.They will all be given by excellent physicians.[答题区]阅读理解题型分类练(三)A【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。

2022版高考英语一轮复习高考题型提分练一阅读理解提能练含解析北师大版

高考题型提分练(一) 阅读理解提能练(限时35分钟)Ⅰ. 阅读理解AThe best way to see the world’s architectural marvels is to visit them in person, so grab your passport and book a trip to one of these amazing destinations if you have a longing for a spot of building-based bliss this year.BarcelonaEvery year millions of people flock to this vibrant Spanish city to see some of the amazingly unique works of the famous architect Antoni Gaudi. The Temple Expiatori de la Sagrada Familia is the most popular of these and is still being built, in spite of the fact that work began all the way back in 1882.MonacoWhile ultramodern architecture tends to grab all of the headlines, if you are looking for a more traditional type of design that speaks to the opulence(富裕) of bygone eras, Monaco is definitely worth adding to your list. Monte Carlo is undoubtedly the best place to visit if you want to be bathed in the beauty of the coastline it shares with the French Riviera while also seeing some of the most gorgeous hotels that Europe has to offer.AthensA number of ancient architecture stands in the Greek capital, with buildings that have stood for thousands of years still managing to tower over the tourists thatvisit them. From the impressive, awe-inspiring remnants(遗迹) of the Parthenon to temples to various gods including Zeus and Hephaestus, Athens is the place to visit if you are eager to see architecture that is filled with history.SingaporeIn contrast to Monte Carlo, the architecture of Singapore is cutting edge and futuristic, to the point that visitors may feel like they have stepped onto the setting of a science fiction film rather than living, breathing city. The Helix Bridge is a must-see architectural attraction of Singapore, with its 280-metre-span stretching in an arcing curve and consisting of intertwined metal strands(金属链) that bring the structure of DNA into mind.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文, 简单介绍四个可以领略世界建筑奇观的旅游胜地。

高考英语冲刺指南：提高阅读理解能力的10个实用技巧

高考英语冲刺指南：提高阅读理解能力的10个实用技巧引言高考英语是中国学生面临的最重要的一门考试之一，而阅读理解又是高考英语中最关键的部分之一。

提高阅读理解能力不仅是为了高考取得好成绩，更是为了今后的学习和工作能力的提升。

然而，许多学生在阅读理解方面遇到了困难。

本文将为大家介绍一些提高阅读理解能力的实用技巧，帮助大家在高考中取得好成绩。

技巧一：积极预测在阅读理解中，一个重要的技巧是积极预测。

在阅读文章之前，先阅读题目和选项，然后根据题目和选项的信息来预测文章的大意和可能涉及的内容。

这样可以在阅读文章时更有针对性地寻找答案，提高阅读的效率。

技巧二：重点关注关键词在阅读文章的过程中，要重点关注关键词。

关键词可以帮助我们找到文章中的关键信息，从而更好地理解文章的意思。

可以通过划线、做标记等方式来凸显关键词，方便后续的阅读和复习。

技巧三：注意词义辨析在阅读理解的过程中，经常会遇到一些生词和词组。

正确理解这些生词和词组的意思对于理解整篇文章至关重要。

因此，要注意进行词义辨析，通过上下文推测词义。

可以通过查阅字典、词典等工具来学习和掌握词义。

技巧四：注意文章结构和段落划分阅读理解文章通常都有一定的结构和段落划分，这样可以帮助我们更好地理解文章的逻辑和脉络。

在阅读文章时，要注意把握文章的结构和段落划分，在每个段落中寻找主题句和支持句，从而更好地理解文章的内容。

技巧五：练习阅读速度和理解能力的平衡在高考英语中，时间是非常宝贵的。

因此，练习阅读速度和理解能力的平衡是非常重要的。

如果阅读速度太慢，会导致无法在规定时间内完成阅读，而如果理解能力不够，会导致无法准确理解文章的意思。

因此，可以通过大量的阅读练习来提高阅读速度和理解能力的平衡。

技巧六：学会利用题目信息在阅读理解中，题目信息是非常重要的线索。

可以通过阅读题目和选项的信息来预测文章的大意和可能的内容，以及更好地找到答案的线索。

因此，要善于利用题目信息，提高阅读理解的能力。

新教材适用2024版高考英语二轮总复习第2部分阅读能力突破篇专题1阅读理解专题模拟训练新闻报道类

新闻报道类A(2023·安徽省淮南市高三一模)The world's top climate scientists of the IPCC have just released a landmark report, warning about the future of the planet．The headline—burning fossil fuels is already heating up the planet faster than anything the world has seen in 2,000 years．The IPCC is a U．N．body of 195 member states that assesses the science related to the climate crisis on behalf of governments every few years．This is the group that defines the scientific consensus．Hundreds of scientists work on a series of reports, which take years to produce．Governments have to sign off on them．And this one is just the latest big reassessment of the climate that the IPCC has done, but it's the first one that is done in eight years．It also has the clearest, most confident conclusions that have ever been seen in an IPCC report．According to the report, the greenhouse gases that we have already put into the air have warmed up the planet so far by almost 2°F compared to the pre-industrial times．This warming trend appears to be accelerating as the greenhouse gases accumulate in the atmosphere．And if we keep burning fossil fuels, by 2100—so within the lifetime of a child that's born today—the planet could be 5 to 7°F hotter．And one new thing in this report is that it tries to put numbers on what that means．So, for instance, they say heat waves so extreme used to only happen once every 50 years．Now they're happening almost five times more often．Extreme droughts could double or four times in frequency．In some cases, extreme storms could become three times more frequent and drop 30% more rainfall in a day．The scientists say preventing the worst effects will demand a U-turn away from use of fossil fuels．And it depends on us collectively．If every country, every business shifts away from burning gas, coal and oil over the next 30 years or so, we could probably limit this warming trend to a total of less than 3．5°F．1．What's the author's probable purpose of introducing the IPCC in Paragraph 2？A．To make its work better known．B．To respect the scientists' commitment．C．To make the report more convincing．D．To appreciate its great achievements．2．What do you think of the current warming according to the report？A．It results from extreme weather．B．It is running out of fossil fuels．C．It is badly speeding up．D．There is no way to slow it down．3．How do the scientists support their conclusion in the report？A．By defining scientific consensus．B．By using statistics and inference．C．By quoting authority figures．D．By modeling climate change．4．What do the scientists expect people to do？A．Make joint efforts to stop the use of fossil fuels．B．Take positive attitudes to our planet's future．C．Follow the global warming trend collectively．D．Develop new approaches to using fossil fuels．【语篇解读】本文为一篇新闻报道。

(整理版高中英语)高考英语冲刺阅读理解专项5021

高考英语冲刺阅读理解专项 50-21AUS billionaires are back on top with Microsoft founder Bill Gates again the world's richest man in a year when even billionaires felt the heat of the global recession, Forbes magazine said Wednesday.The wealthy few did not escape big shocks this year, with net worth on the list of 793 billionaires -- down from 1,125 billionaires in -- plummeting to 2.4 trillion dollars from 4.4 trillion, Forbes said."The biggest news today is that we are here and there still are billionaires," Forbes spokeswoman Monie Begley joked at a press conference.The much-watched annual rich list put Gates back on top with a net worth of 40 billion dollars, although he saw his bank balance lose 18 billion over the last 12 months. In second came investor Warren Buffett with 37 billion dollars, despite losing 25 billion dollars this year in the value of his Berkshire Hathaway shares. Also losing 25 billion dollars, Mexican telecoms king Carlos Slim still managed to come in third with 35 billion dollars.New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg, at number 17, was notable as the only top 20 member to see a net gain. That was not because of his salary, which is a symbolic one dollar a year, but thanks to re-evaluation of Bloomberg financial news agency after the mayor bought a 20 percent stake from Merrill Lynch last year for 4.5 billion dollars.About 64 percent of the billionaires are self-made and their average age is 63.7, a slight rise resulting from the lower number of rich Russians and Chinese, whose average ages last year were 46 and 48.By contrast with that aging trend, Gates is a relatively youthful 53. The youngest billionaire prize this year goes to Albert von Thurn und Taxis of Germany, who is 25 and listed as having 2.1 billion dollars. But one of the young success stories from last year -- Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg -- dropped off the list altogether.1. Of all the billionaires mentioned above, who didn’t lose in the global recession?A. Bill Gates.B. Warren Buffet.C. Carlos Slim.D. Michael Bloomberg.答案解析：答案为D。

高三英语阅读理解能力的突破

高三英语阅读理解能力的突破作者：肖立宝来源：《中学教学参考·语英版》2012年第12期英语是一门实践性很强的学科，是一门需要进行听、说、读、写操练和语言信息输入输出实践的学科。

而进入高三后，由于距离高考所剩时间有限，复习紧张，要在较短的时间内使学生的成绩有一个较大的飞跃，取得事半功倍的效果，关键在于讲方法讲策略。

认真钻研《普通高中英语课程标准》和《高考英语考试说明》，纵观近几年高考英语试题，我们不难看出，阅读理解能力是高考考查的重点，自始至终占着主导地位。

在NMET卷中，完形填空、阅读理解两大题共70分，所占比重大，对学生的阅读理解能力要求很高，而阅读理解是多数学生的薄弱环节，同时也是高三英语教学的重点和难点。

结合自己在高三总复习阶段的点滴做法，笔者认为应从以下五个方面着手去突破这个重难点。

一、激发学生的阅读兴趣笔者曾经对本班刚进入高三的58名学生做过一次问卷调查，结果如下：从上表中可以看出大部分学生喜欢做单项选择题而对做阅读理解题的兴趣不高，究其原因，主要是单项选择费时少且能即时让学生体验成就感，而阅读理解费时较多，练习效果往往不理想，久而久之，学生对阅读理解就会失去信心。

兴趣是最好的老师，兴趣就是动力，因此在培养学生阅读理解能力过程中，笔者着重从两个方面调动学生的兴趣。

1.选择一些饶有趣味的、文章体裁和题材多样化的英文读物，由浅入深，由易到难，逐步地让学生在阅读过程中体验到快乐的情绪，真正地让他们认识到阅读并非是空洞乏味的活动。

如，笔者给学生购买了几十本简易英文读物，其中有十多本《幽默故事集》颇受欢迎。

图书按词汇量的多少，从1000词到5000词分成不同的层次，学生根据自己的词汇量由易到难有选择地去读。

2.在讲评阅读理解题时，根据这一年龄段学生“好争论”的特点，让大家针对错误率较高的题目展开讨论。

大家各抒己见，气氛热烈，有时双方争得面红耳赤，谁也无法说服谁，最后教师点拨思路，学生顿时茅塞顿开。

2023高考英语新高考II卷阅读理解B篇全考点解析附译文

2023高考英语新高考II卷阅读理解B篇全考点解析附译文[名校内部资料]BTurning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.Jaramillo's students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,”she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.”Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.Urban Sprouts’classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce,and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they're eating differently,”Jaramillo says.She adds that the program's benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,”she says, “and they feel successful.”24. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo?A. She used to be a health worker.B. She grew up in a low-income family.C. She owns a fast food restaurant.D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.25. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program?A. The kids’parents distrusted her.B. Students had little time for her classes.C. Some kids disliked garden work.D. There was no space for school gardens.26. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program?A. Far-reaching.B. Predictable.C. Short-lived.D. Unidentifiable.27. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Rescuing School GardensB. Experiencing Country LifeC. Growing Vegetable LoversD. Changing Local Landscape参考答案：DCAC文章主旨：本文是一篇说明文。

2020-2021高考英语压轴题之阅读理解(高考题型整理,突破提升)及答案解析

一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解Alison Malmon was trapping up (完成) the end of her freshman year at the University of Pennsylvania, US when she got the news: Her older brother Brian, a student at Columbia University, was suffering from mental illness.Inspired by this, Malmon formed a group at her university to empower (使能够) students to talk openly about mental health. It soon blossomed into a national organization that today has more than 450 campus chapters. Leaders with the organization spend their time talking with college students about the pressure that today's young people face."What you hear often is just a need to be perfect," said Malmon, "and a need to present oneself as perfect."And a new study in the UK proved that this need for perfectionism is simply part of today's society. In the study, two researchers studied more than 40,000 students from the US, Canada, and the UK. They found that what they called "socially prescribed(社会定向型的) perfectionism" increased by a third between 1989 and 2016.Lead researcher Thomas Curran said that while so many of today's young people try to present a perfect appearance online, social media isn't the only reason behind this trend. Instead, he said, it may be driven by competition in modern society, meaning young people can't avoid being sorted and ranked in both education and employment. That comes from new norms(准则) like greater numbers of college students, standardized testing and parenting that increasingly emphasizes success in education.For example, in 1976, half of high school seniors expected to get a college degree of some kind. By 2008, more than 80 percent expected the same. The researchers also said changes in parenting styles over the last two decades might have had an impact. As parents feel increased pressure to raise successful children, they in turn pass their "achievement anxieties" onto their kids through "excessive(过多的) involvement in their child's routines, activities or emotions"Those in the mental health community like Malmon say they're concerned about the impact the culture of perfectionism has on mental health on campuses. "Mental health has truly become this generation's social justice issue," she said. "It's our job to equip them with the tools and to let people know that it's not their fault."（1）What is the article mainly about?A. The effects of the culture of perfectionism.B. Research into the trend of perfectionism.C. A group dedicated to helping people stay mentally healthy.D. Various pressures that today's young people are facing.（2）What inspired Alison Malmon to start a group related to mental health?A.Her brother's mental illness.B.Her project during the freshman year.C.The pressure she had experienced.D.Her strong interest in mental health.（3）What does Malmon think is a way to help young people manage the pressure of perfectionism?A.Enabling them to know what is to blame for their pressure.B.Lowering their expectations of themselves.C.Reducing parents involvement in their children's life.D.Making them aware of what true social justice is.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）A【解析】【分析】研究发现完美主义会给人带来压力，进而影响人的精神健康。

【复习方法】英语二轮复习中的三个突破之“阅读理解”

【复习方法】英语二轮复习中的三个突破之“阅读理解”高三英语复习中的三个突破：即突破阅读理解，突破书面表达，突破短文改错三大难关。

在NMET卷中此三题共85分，占总分的56%，比重大，也是多数学生的薄弱环节，而且英语运用能力的高低集中又都大致体现在这三大题上。

因此，我们应把它们列为重点和难点。

一、大量阅读，提高理解能力大量阅读，广泛接触各种题材、体裁的文章，是提高阅读能力的前提和基础，是保证阅读能力向质的飞跃的关键，没有足够的阅读量，就无法掌握阅读技巧，提高阅读水平。

在阅读时要首先注意内容的广泛性。

高考阅读题涉及日常生活、人物传记、新闻报导、文化教育、史地知识、科普作品等。

题材有记叙文、议论文、说明文等。

如新闻的第一句话一般揭示文章的大意，交代事件发生时间、地点、人物、前后因果等。

新闻标题、电视语言则多使用省略句。

了解各种文章的特点会对提高阅读能力大有裨益。

其次在阅读中，要慎重选材。

选材要适合学生程度，能激发学生的兴趣和阅读积极性。

有些老师只考虑到扩大词汇量和迅速提高解题能力，一味偏重选生词多的文章和出难题，其结果往往挫伤了学生的积极性，这对提高能力极其不利。

另外，在大量阅读的基础上不断地总结成功经验和失败教训，逐步地使同学们养成达标的阅读速度和具备娴熟的阅读技巧。

在实践中，应着力培养五个方面的能力：①快速的浏览能力；②巧妙的猜词能力；③独立的分析能力；④准确的捕捉主题句的能力；⑤合乎逻辑的判断能力。

学生掌握了这些阅读技巧，就如虎添翼，完全具备了自学能力。

学习方法指导毕业后，在学习和工作中他们将会受益无穷。

感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。

备战2023年高考英语母题题源解密(全国通用)：阅读理解(夹叙夹议)(原卷版) -

专题03阅读理解(夹叙夹议)【母题来源一】2020年，江苏卷【母题题文】I was in the middle of the Amazon(亚马逊)with my wife,who was there as a medical researcher.We flew ona small plane to a faraway village.We did not speak the local language,did not know the customs,and more often than not,did not entirely recognize the food.We could not have felt more foreign.We were raised on books and computers,highways and cell phones,but now we were living in a village without running water or electricity It was easy for us to go to sleep at the end of the day feeling a little misunderstood.Then one perfect Amazonian evening,with monkeys calling from beyond the village green,we played soccer.I am not good at soccer,but that evening it was wonderful.Everyone knew the rules.We all spoke the same language of passes and shots.We understood one another perfectly.As darkness came over the field and the match ended,the goal keeper,Juan,walked over to me and said in a matter-of-fact way,“In your home,do you have a moon too?”I was surprised.After I explained to Juan that yes,we did have a moon and yes,it was very similar to his,I felt a sort of awe at the possibilities that existed in his world.In Juan’s world,each village could have its own moon.In Juan’s world, the unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous.Anything was possible.In our society,we know that Earth has only one moon.We have looked at our planet from every angle and found all of the wildest things left to find.I can,from my computer at home,pull up satellite images of Juan’s village.There are no more continents and no more moons to search for,little left to discover.At least it seems that way.Yet,as I thought about Juan’s question,I was not sure how much more we could really rule out.I am,in part, an ant biologist,so my thoughts turned to what we know about insect life and I knew that much in the world of insects remains unknown.How much,though?How ignorant are we?The question of what we know and do not know constantly bothered me.I began collecting newspaper articles about new species,new monkey,new spider…,and on and on they appear.My drawer quickly filled.I began a second drawer for more general discoveries:new cave system discovered with dozens of nameless species,four hundred species of bacteria found in the human stomach.The second drawer began to fill and as it did I wondered whether there were bigger discoveries out there,not just species,but life that depends on things thought to be useless,life even without DNA.I started a third drawer for these big discoveries.It fills more slowly,but all the same,it fills.In looking into the stories of biological discovery,I also began to find something else,a collection of scientists, usually brilliant occasionally half-mad,who made the discoveries.Those scientists very often see the same things that other scientists see,but they pay more attention to them,and they focus on them to the point of exhaustion,and at the risk of the ridicule of their peers.In looking for the stories of discovery,I found the stories of these people and how their lives changed our view of the world.We are repeatedly willing to imagine we have found most of what is left to discover.We used to think that insects were the smallest organisms(生物),and that nothing lived deeper than six hundred meters.Yet,when something new turns up,more often than not,we do not even know its name.1.How did the author feel on his arrival in the Amazon?A.Out of place.B.Full of joy.C.Sleepy.D.Regretful.2.What made that Amazonian evening wonderful?A.He learned more about the local language.B.They had a nice conversation with each other.C.They understood each other while playing.D.He won the soccer game with the goal keeper.3.Why was the author surprised at Juan’s question about the moon?A.The question was too straightforward.B.Juan knew so little about the world.C.The author didn’t know how to answer.D.The author didn’t think Juan was sincere.4.What was the author’s initial purpose of collecting newspaper articles?A.To sort out what we have known.B.To deepen his research into Amazonians.C.To improve his reputation as a biologist.D.To learn more about local cultures.5.How did those brilliant scientists make great discoveries?A.They shifted their viewpoints frequently.B.They followed other scientists closely.C.They often criticized their fellow scientists.D.They conducted in-depth and close studies.6.What could be the most suitable title for the passage?A.The Possible and the Impossible.B.The Known and the Unknown.C.The Civilized and the Uncivilized.D.The Ignorant and the Intelligent.【母题来源二】2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试卷II【母题题文】I have a special place in my heart for libraries.I have for as long as I can remember.I was always an enthusiastic reader,sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child.Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties,I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was16years old.It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.As I grew older and became a mother,the librarytook on a new place and an added meaning in my life.I had several children and books were our main source of entertainment.It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library,where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.I always read,using different voices,as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it!It was a special time to bondwith my children and it filled them withthe wonderment of books.Now,I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on form generation to generation.As a novelist,I’ve found a new relationship with libraries.I8.encourage readers to go to their local library when they can’t afford topurchase]a book.I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港)for readers and writers,a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book.Libraries,in their own way,help fight book piracy(盗版行为)and1 think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can.Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media.Frequent them and talk about them when you can.7.Which word best describes the author’s relationship with books as a child?A.CooperativeB.UneasyC.InseparableD.Casual8.What does the underlined phrase“an added meaning”in paragraph3refer to?A.Pleasure from working in the library.B.Joy of reading passed on in the family.C.Wonderment from acting out the stories.D.A closer bond developed with the readers.9.What does the author call on other writers to do?A.Sponsor book fairs.B.Write for social media.C.Support libraries.D.20.Purchase her novels.10.Which can be a suitable title for the text?A.Reading:A Source of KnowledgeB.My Idea about writingC.Library:A Haven for the YoungD.My Love of the Library1.（2019·南昌县莲塘第一中学高三月考）The story began with a young mother who had three sons. Unfortunately,the youngest son developed slow thinking skills,not having the intelligence of his brothers.With double duty as the mother of the household,she was exhausted,so that the youngest was often the garget of anger and annoyance.Bad words,such as“you little fool”and the like,served as a daily meal for the youngest.The words and curses he got from the mother and ridicule from friends convinced him that he was distressing and embarrassing his family.Every morning he woke up with his own face staring from the mirror reflection,he started to say quietly and sadly,“The fool is going to school.”As adult citizens,there was compulsory military service which should be lived.Thus,the youngest son also signed up and started to follow the various tests:a medical,physical ability test and other tests.On the day of the announcement,he was called into the board of examiners.In his mind,he convinced himself that he was the fool and couldn’t pass the tests this time as he entered the room with his head down.It was not expected at all.The tests turned out to have the highest praise from the board of examiners.“Congratulations,young man!Your test results are incredible!You are really a great and talented young man.”Words from the board of examiners became the discovery of a new side of himself that was not known in advance.Voice kept echoing in his mind,such as“I,the great man,am in the shower”,“the great man washes his face”,“The talented young man again brushes his teeth”and so on.Confidence and improved self-image came beyond usual.20years later,the youngest established himself as a successful businessman who was admired and respected, and received many awards.The mindset and belief are the power behind the success that is within us.Whatever we think and believe in or mind continuously,it will eventually materialize in reality.That’s the universally applicable law.17．Why was the youngest often scolded by his mother?A．He was not as clever as his brother.B．He considered himself to be a fool.C．He didn’t behave himself at school.D．He didn’t cook meals for his mother.18．From the story we know that young mother is____.A．selfish and lazy B．gentle and caringC．ill-tempered and impatient D．kind-hearted and diligent19．What happened to the youngest son later on?A．He received aid from others.B．He became an admirable psychologist.C．He became confident and successful.D．He developed strange mental diseases.20．From this passage,the author mainly tells us that____.A．Military service can change a person completely.B．Mothers should treat every child equally.C．Even a fool can become a successful businessman.D．Think big and you will get big results.2.（2020·四川成都市·北大附中成都为明学校高三月考）It was on April14th,2010that my entire life changed in an instant.One moment I was joyfully riding through the sunshine.The next moment,metal,flesh and bones were spreading against the pavement in a thunderous crash.Another cyclist,biking carelessly,had cut me off and sent me super manning toward oncoming traffic.As if to symbolize the accident that had hit my life,another disaster also occurred on April14th,2010.It cost the airline industry$1.7billion.Ten million travelers were stuck for days.Economics all over the world were disturbed.This was the eruption of Eyjafjallajokull,one of Iceland’s many volcanoes.However,volcanoes are not all bad.In fact,they are necessary.They are responsible for the birth of new earth, and for the creation of rich soil.This eruption gave off0.15million tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere daily.But cancelling48%of the world’s flight travel saved about2.8million tons of CO2from entering the atmosphere,temporarily decreasing our carbon footprint.Similarly,the accident had badly affected my emotion but it also allowed me to look more closely inside myself and discover things about myself I would never have realized.I learned how not to judge myself for my new limitations.In1973,another Icelandic volcano,Eldfell,broke out.Icelanders decided to bomb it with cold water until it froze and chose a different path.After their plan worked,they used the geothermal(地热的)energy for the next 15years to heat their homes.A good example of life bringing lemons,and making lemonade!One must move on from misfortunes,focusing only on the present moment and being hopeful for the future.I ran from April14th,2010to every kind of escape.Eventually I ended up in university for a newfound love in Earth sciences.25．What happened to the writer on April14th,2010?A．He was involved in a car crash.B．He witnessed a volcanic eruption.C．He was badly injured on a bike ride.D．He was stuck in an Iceland’s airport.26．Which was an effect of the eruption of Eyjafjallajokull?A．The world economy suffered badly.B．Carbon dioxide increased temporarily.C．All of the world’s planes were held up.D．The earth in Iceland was terribly polluted.27．Why did the writer mention the Eldfell volcano?A．It encouraged him to recover quickly.B．It broke out in Iceland on April14th as well.C．It proved more volcanoes happened in Iceland.D．It showed us how to make the best of a given situation.28．What is the best title for the text?A．Escape from Volcanoes B．Love for Earth SciencesC．Attitude Toward Nature D．Inspiration from Disasters3.（2019·南昌县莲塘第一中学高三月考）It’s often said of British people that they are very aware of each other’s social rank.Britons can usually work out a fellow countryman’s background from the way they speak or dress,and may even treat them differently based on this.But although this may have been truer in the past than it is today.Visitors to Britain say that they still notice it.The comic play Pygmalion by the Irish man George Bernard Shaw(1856-1950),is a famous exploration of the importance of social rank in British society.The main story of the play concerns a working class girl,Eliza Doolittle,a flower seller from London.Two upper class gentlemen try to see if they can get Doolittle to appear like an upper class lady after sending her for elocution lessons.Professor Henry Higgins,a language expert,says it can be done;his friend Colonel Pickering says that it’s impossible.Even so,Higgins sets out to teach Eliza how to“speak properly”.Of course Eliza isn’t a lump of clay;she has her own will.She can see that it’s in her best interest to go along with Higgin’s plan to“improve herself”.She wants to be able to sell flowers in a shop rather than on the street.Still, Eliza’s willfulness means that it’s a bumpy（坎坷的）ride for everyone.At the beginning of fourth act,the characters are at home after a ball（舞会）,at which Eliza proved that a flower girl can pass herself off as a lady after all.She was a triumph at the ball,and Higgins has won his bet.But what happens next?Eliza has her future to worry about.She may be able to fool the upper class into thinking she’s one of them,but she isn’t really one of them.Shaw seems to be telling us that social rank is about more than the someone talks---it’s about wealth and privilege.The whole experiment proves the idea that accents and classes are very superficial.The way one speaksand dresses are only markers of class.The class system itself,however,is something completely different. 21．According to the text,in Britain,the way a person speaks and dresses_____.A．determines their social rankB．used to have a strict codeC．is no longer cared about by other peopleD．could affect other opinions of them22．The words“elocution lessons”underlined in paragraph2probably mean______.A．dance lessons B．speech lessonsC．sales training D.dress courses23．What happens to Eliza Doolittle during the experiment by Professor Henry Higgins?A．She is forced to give up selling flowers on the street.B．She is unwilling to participate in he experiment at first.C．She is thought of as a respectableupper-class lady at the ball.D．She is afraid that true background will be known by other people.24．What message did Shaw intend to convey in Pygmalion according to the text?A．People should try to improve their accents.B．One can enter the upper class after receiving training.C．The way someone speaks makes a difference to their social status.D．A person’s social rank can’t truly be judged by the way they look and talk.。

高考英语压轴题之阅读理解(高考题型整理,突破提升)附答案解析

一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解Microsoft announced this week that its facial-recognition system is now more accurate in identifying people of color, touting (吹嘘)its progress at tackling one of the technology's biggest biases (偏见).But critics, citing Microsoft's work with Immigration and Customs Enforcement, quickly seized on how that improved technology might be used. The agency contracts with Microsoft for cloud-computing tools that the tech giant says is largely limited to office work but can also include face recognition.Columbia University professor Alondra Nelson tweeted, "We must stop confusing 'inclusion' in more 'diverse' surveillance (监管)systems with justice and equality."Facial-recognition systems more often misidentify people of color because of a long-running data problem: The massive sets of facial images they train on skew heavily toward white men. A Massachusetts Institute of Technology study this year of the face-recognition systems designed by Microsoft, IBM and the China-based Face++ found that facial-recognition systems consistently giving the wrong gender for famous women of color including Oprah Winfrey, Serena Williams, Michelle Obama and Shirley Chisholm, the first black female member of Congress.The companies have responded in recent months by pouring many more photos into the mix, hoping to train the systems to better tell the differences among more than just white faces. IBM said Wednesday it used 1 million facial images, taken from the photo-sharing site Flickr, to build the "world's largest facial data-set" which it will release publicly for other companies to use.IBM and Microsoft say that allowed its systems to recognize gender and skin tone with much more precision. Microsoft said its improved system reduced the error rates for darker-skinned men and women by "up to 20 times," and reduced error rates for all women by nine times.Those improvements were heralded(宣布)by some for taking aim at the prejudices in a rapidly spreading technology, including potentially reducing the kinds of false positives that could lead police officers misidentify a criminal suspect.But others suggested that the technology's increasing accuracy could also make it more marketable. The system should be accurate, "but that's just the beginning, not the end, of their ethical obligation," said David Robinson, managing director of the think tank Upturn.At the center of that debate is Microsoft, whose multimillion-dollar contracts with ICE came under fire amid the agency's separation of migrant parents and children at the Mexican border.In an open letter to Microsoft chief executive Satya Nadella urging the company to cancel that contract, Microsoft workers pointed to a company blog post in January that said Azure Government would help ICE "accelerate recognition and identification." "We believe that Microsoft must take an ethical stand, and put children and families above profits," the letter said.A Microsoft spokesman, pointing to a statement last week from Nadella, said the company's "current cloud engagement" with ICE supports relatively anodyne(温和的)office work such as "mail, calendar, massaging and document management workloads." The company said in a statement that its facial-recognition improvements are "part of our going work to address theindustry-wide and societal issues on bias."Criticism of face recognition will probably expand as the technology finds its way into more arenas, including airports, stores and schools. The Orlando police department said this week that it would not renew its use of Amazon. com's Rekognition system.Companies "have to acknowledge their moral involvement in the downstream use of their technology,"Robinson said. "The impulse is that they're going to put a product out there and wash their hands of the consequences. That's unacceptable."（1）What is "one of the technology's biggest biases" in Paragraph 1?A. Class bias.B. Regional difference.C. Professional prejudice.D. Racial discrimination.（2）What can we know about the improvement of facial-recognition technology?A. Justice and equality have been truly achieved.B. It is due to the expansion of the photo database.C. It has already solved all the social issues on biases.D. The separation of immigrant parents from their children can be avoided.（3）What is the focus of the face-recognition debate?A. Data problems.B. The market value.C. The application field.D. A moral issue.（4）What is David Robinson's attitude towards facial-recognition technology?A. Skeptical.B. Approval.C. Optimistic.D. Neutral.（5）We can infer from the last paragraph that Robinson thinks _____.A. companies had better hide from responsibilitiesB. companies deny problems with its technical processC. companies should not launch new products on impulseD. companies should be responsible for the new product and the consequences（6）Which can be the suitable title for the passage?A. The wide use of Microsoft systemB. Fears of facial-recognition technologyC. The improvement of Microsoft systemD. Failure of recognizing black women【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）D（4）A（5）D（6）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，微软面部识别技术改进了肤色识别，宣布其人脸识别技术将会更加精确，但是人们却认为它会带来更大的问题，希望微软把道德置于其利润之上，并且能够为产品以及其带来的后果负责。

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微软总裁鲍尔默一年内将退休
Microsoft chief executive Steve Ballmer is to retire from the technology giant within the next 12 months.
微软总裁史蒂夫·鲍尔默将在未来12个月内退休。

Shares in Microsoft, criticise d for its slow response to the booming market for mobile devices, leapt 9% on the news.
Mr Ballmer, who last month unveiled a restructuring to address the criticism, said in a statement: "There is never a perfect time for this type of transitio n, but now is the right time.
"We need a CEO who will be here longer term for this new direction."
The world's biggest software company has created a speci al committee to find a replacement. This committee includes Microsoft founder Bill Gates.
Mr Ballmer, 57, succeeded Mr Gates in 2000. The two men met in 1973 while studying at Harvard University, and Mr Ballmer joined the company in 1980.
'Single strategy'
Microsoft emerged as the undisputed leader in the technology sector, and became the world's largest company by market value.
But the company had been criticised by investors recently for not reacting quickly enough to the way Apple and Google have led the way in mobile devices.
Microsoft struggled as consumers began to shun desktops and laptops in favour of tablets and mobile devices.
While its Windows software is used on the vast majority of PCs, Microsoft made li ttle impact in the fast-growing tablet and smartphone segments.
Microsoft's transformation plan, announced last month, is trying to address that.
In a memo to staff last month, Mr Ballmer said that the changes meant the compan y was "rallying behind a single strategy as one company - not a collection of divisional stra tegies".
The aim, he said, was to react faster to changes in the market.
Andrew Bartels, analys t at Forrester Research, said Mr Ballmer has been rightly criticised for being "caught flatfooted by the shift to tablets".
But he added that he should get big credit for successful product s such as the Xbox and Bing.。