英美国家概况第13章
英美国家概况
英国概况The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland，简称“UK（联合王国）”。
Geography位于欧洲大陆西北部的Great Britain Island（大不列颠岛）上，东濒North Sea（北海），西临Atlantic（大西洋），南与European Continent（欧洲大陆）以English Channel（英吉利海峡）、Denver Channel（多佛海峡）相隔。
由Great Britain（包括England、Scotland、Wales和Ireland 东北部）和附近大约5500多个小岛组成。
陆界与Republic of Ireland（爱尔兰共和国）接壤。
国土总面积共24.18万平方公里，海岸线总长1.15万公里。
英吉利海峡分割英法两国，连接大西洋和北海。
the English Channel: separates England and France and connects the Atlantic ocean and north sea."the act of union of 1801": in 1801 the english parliament passed an act by which scotland, wales and the kingdom of england were constitutionally joined as the kingdom of great britain.1801合并法：1801年英国议会通过法令，规定英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士根据宪法合并成为大不列颠王国。
gaelic: it is one of the celtic language, and is spoken in parts of the highlands.盖尔语：是盖尔特语言的一种，在高地地区仍有人说这种语言。
英美国家概况课程教学大纲
《英美国家概况》课程教学大纲一、课程大体信息课程代码：080355课程名称：英美国家概况英文名称：An Introduction to the Society and Culture of Major English-Speaking Countries课程类别：选修课学时：36学分：适用对象: 英语专业学生考核方式：考试先修课程：基础英语，英语语法，英语泛读等二、课程简介英美国家概况是一门集英语国家背景知识和英语语言知识为一体的英语专业限选课，旨在向学生介绍所学语言国家的社会和文化等背景知识，拓宽其知识面，帮忙学生了解要紧英语国家的社会与文化概貌，使其从文化和社会的角度加倍深刻地明白得和把握所学语言知识和技术。
This is an English Major elective which, mingling together the background information of English-speaking countries and knowledge of the English language, aims at introducing to students information on the society and culture of major English-speaking countries, thus enlarging their sphere of knowledge and enhancing their power to better understand and manipulate the knowledge and skills they have acquired.三、课程性质与教学目的1．课程性质英美国家概况是一门集英语国家背景知识和英语语言知识为一体的英语专业限选课。
2．课程目的本课程旨在向学生介绍所学语言国家的社会和文化等背景知识，拓宽其知识面，帮忙学生了解要紧英语国家的社会与文化概貌，如地理、历史、政治、经济、社会生活和文化传统等方面的大体知识，使其从文化和社会的角度加倍深刻地明白得和把握所学语言知识和技术，为从事以后的工作打下较为坚实的基础。
《英美国家概况》课后题及答案
《英美国家概况》课后题及答案Chapter 21.The British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(T)2.The Celts became the dominant group in Britain between the 8th and 5th centuries BC.(T)3.The name of Britain came from a Celtic tribe--- the Britons.(T)4.The Anglo--Saxons came to Britain in the mid--5th century.(T)5.The chief or king of the Anglo--Saxon tribes exercised power at their own will.(F)6.The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.(T)7.Henry II built up a large empire which included England and most of France.(T)8.The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and the townspeople.(F)9.The Hundred Years' War was a series of wars fought between England and Normans foe trade and territory.(F)10.In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions,Queen Elizabeth I actually defended the fruit of the Religious Reformation.(T)1. The D attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.A. NormanB. DanishC. CelticD. Germanic12.By the late 7th century, D became the dominant religion in England.A. Celtic ChristianityB. Anglo-Saxon ChristianityC. Germanic ChristianityD. Roman Christianity3.Westminster Abbey was built at the time of B .A. St. AugustineB. Edward the ConfessorC. William the ConquerorD. Alfred the Great4.The C marked the establishment of feudalism in England.A. Viking invasionB. signing of the Magna CartaC. Norman ConquestD. Adoption of common law5.The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of C .A. the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lancaster6.The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII’s effort to A .A. divorce his wifeB. break with RomeC. support the ProtestantsD. declare his supreme power over the church7.The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between B .2A. Protestants and PuritansB. Royalists and ParliamentariansC. nobles and peasantsD. aristocrats and Christians8. A was passed after the Glorious Revolution.A. Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Provisions of OxfordD. Magna Carta9.The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of the C century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20th10.Britain faced strong challenges in its global imperial dominance by the beginning of theD century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20thChapter 31.Conventions are regarded less important than common law in the working of the British government.(F)2.The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history.(F)3.In reality,the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers.(F)4.British Parliament is the law--making body of the Commonwealth of Nations.(F)35.Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal are all members in the British Upper House.(T)6.The members in the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected.(F)7.The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.(T)8.Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political parties in Parliament.(F)9.British law consists of two parts,the civil law and the criminal law.(T)10.The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are much similar in terms of law, organization and practice.(F)1. The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three of the following branches with the exception of the C .A. judiciaryB. legislatureC. monarchyD. executive2.The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on D .A.passing the billsB. advising the governmentC. political partiesD. public attitude3.As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to B the House of Commons.A. rivalB. complementC. criticizeD. inspect4.British Cabinet works on the principle of A .4A. collective responsibilityB. individual responsibilityC. defending the collectivismD. defending the individuals5.The main duty of the British Privy Council is to B .A. make decisionsB. give adviceC. pass billsD. supervise the Cabinet6.In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every C years.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. six7. C has a distinct legal system based on Roman law.A. WalesB. EnglandC. ScotlandD. Northern Ireland8.Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a B system.A. single-partyB. two-partyC. three-partyD. multi-party9.The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism and D .A. government interventionB. nationalization of enterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualism10.The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it A .A. set up the National Health ServiceB. improved public transportationC. abolished the old tax systemD.enhanced the economic development5Chapter 41.Britain was the first industrialized nation in the world.(T)2.The British economy experienced a relative decline during the postwar period.(T)3.Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems that prevented rapid economic development in Britain.(F)4.Thatcher's revolution turned out to be a great success in dealing with all the British econimic and social problems.(F)5.The economic approach adopted by Tony Blair is different from that of the Labor party and the Conservative Party.(T)6.Blair made the Bank of England independent in order to separate politics and economic policy.(T)7.Britain is the world's leading exporter of poultry and dairy products.(F)8.The fishing industry provides more than 50%of Britain's demand for fish.(T)9.Britain is an important oil exporter since its oil industry has a long history.(F)10.Nuclear power is one of the major energy sources in Britain.(T)1. The British economy achieved global dominance by the C .A. 1860sB. 1870sC. 1880sD.1890s2.In B , the British Parliament passed two important acts to establish a welfare state.6A. 1945B. 1946C. 1947D. 19483.The A in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy in Britain.A. oil crisisB. high inflation ratesC. large importsD. unemployment problem4.Of the following practices, C does not belong to Thatcher’s s ocial welfare reform.A. reducing child benefitsB. shortening the unemployment benefits periodC. reducing the unemploymentD. lowering old age pensions5.The Blair government has been successful in all the following aspects except D .A. limiting government spendingB. keeping inflation under controlC. reducing unemploymentD. reducing inequality6.Britain has devoted C of its land area to agriculture.A. 54%B. 64%C. 74%D.84%7.Britain’s important fishing areas include all t he following except D .A. the North SeaB. the English ChannelC. The sea area around IrelandD. The sea area between Britain and Ireland8.Coal mining industry in Britain provides B of the energy consumed in the country.7A. 1/3B. 1/4C. 1/5D. 2/39.The car industry in Britain in mostly A .A. foreign-ownedB. state-ownedC. joint-ventureD. privately-owned10.Of the following sectors in Britain, C has experienced spectacular growth since the end of Word War II.A. AgricultureB. energy industryC. service industryD.manufacturing industryChapter 51.The British government has been responsible for education since the early 1800s.(F)cation in Britain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and 15.(F)3.The National Curriculum is compulsory in both the state system and the independent system.(F)4.When children finish their schooling at 16, they are required to take a national GCSE examination.(T)5.Graduates from state schools in Britain have a less favorable chance to enter famous universities than those from independent schools.(T)6.In the 1960s, a large number of new universities were founded in Britain.(T)7.Most British people begin their day with reading the morning newspaper and end it watching television in the evening.(T)88.The Times is the world's oldest national newspaper(F)9.The BBC World Service broadcasts only in English throughout the world.(F)10.Some British holidays are celebrated to mark the important events of the Christian calendar, and others are related to local customs and traditions.(T)1. In Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools were ended by the introduction of comprehensive schools in the D .A. 1930sB. 1940sC. 1950sD. 1960s2.About B of British children receive primary and secondary education through the independent system.A. 5%B. 6%C. 7%D. 8%3.Partially funded by central government grants, the British universities receive their remaining funds from all the following sources except B .A. tuition feesB. loansC. donationsD.corporate contributions4.Of the following, A is NOT a basis of admission to Britain’s universities.A. result in national entrance testB. A-level resultC. an interviewD. school references5.To be admitted to the Open University, one need B .A. some educational qualificationsB. no educational qualifications9C. General Certificate of Education-AdvancedD.General National V ocational Qualifications6.Among Britain’s quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the “Big Three” with the exception of C .A. The TimesB. The GuardianC. The ObserverD. The Daily Telegraph7.Life on Earth is a kind of C program produced by the BBC and is popular among 500 million viewers worldwide.A. featureB. dramaC. documentaryD. soap opera8. D is Britain’s top pay television provider.A. BSBB. SkyTVC. BBCD. BSkyB9.Of the following, D is NOT a common feature of all the British holidays.A. families getting togetherB. friends exchanging good wishesC. friends enjoying each other’s companyD. families traveling overseas10.The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except A .A. Trooping the ColorB. Queen’s Christmas messageC. Boxing DayD. Christmas pantomimeChapter 91.America was named after Amerigo Vespucci, who arrived on the new continent after10Columbus.(T)2.The second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia, and the Continental Army and Navy were founded under the command of Thomas Jefferson.(F)3.The Civil War not only put an end to slavery, but also decided that America was a single, indivisible nation.(T)4.Many American people approved of the Vietnam War.(F)5.During Clinton's term, the economy developed steadily, resulting in a lower rate of unemployment.(T)6.In 1990, American troops and the troops from allied nations launched Operation Desert Storm in order to drive Iraqi troops out of Kuwait.(T)7.According to the American administration, Saddam Hussein and Osama bin Laden were responsible for the terrorist event on September11,2001.(F)8.The America government regarded Iraq a nation among the "axis of evil".(T)9.On March 19,2003,American and United Nation's troops, supported by several other countries, began an invasion of Iraq.(F)10.Although the combat operations in Iraq are over, it is still hard for America to decide when to withdraw its army.(T)1.The first successful English colony in North America was founded at C in .A. Jamestown, LouisianaB. Boston, MassachusettsC. Jamestown, VirginiaD. Plymouth, Georgia112.Pilgrim Fathers are a group of B who came to America to avoid persecution in England.A. ProtestantsB. PuritansC. CatholicsD. Christians3.The Seven Years’ War occurred between the C .A. French and American IndiansB. French and SpaniardsC. French and BritishD. British and American Indians4.“No taxation without representation” was the rallying slogan of D .A. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people of PennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13 colonies5.The first shots of the American War of Independence were fired in B .A. ConcordB. LexingtonC. PhiladelphiaD. Boston6.In May 1775, B was held in Philadelphia and began to assume the functions of a national government.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Boston Tea PartyD. the Congress of Confederation7.Abraham Lincoln issued C to grant freedom to all slaves.A. Declaration of IndependenceB. Constitution12C. Emancipation ProclamationD. Bill of Rights8.The policy of the United States was A at the beginning of the two world wars.A. neutralityB. full involvementC. partial involvementD. appeasement9.President C applied New Deal to deal with the problems of the Great Depression.A. WilsonB. TrumanC. RooseveltD. Kennedy10.The Vietnam War was a long-time suffering for Americans, and it continued throughout the terms of Presidents D .A. Johnson, Nixon and FordB. Truman, Eisenhower and KennedyC. Kennedy, Johnson and NixonD. Eisenhower, Kennedy and JohnsonChapter 101.Bill of Rights was written into the Constitution in 1787.(F)2.The form of American government is based on three main principles: federalism, the separation of powers, and respect for the Constitution and the rule of law.(T)3.The U.S. Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government and it consists of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords.(F)4.Certain presidential appointments must be approved by Congress.(T)5.The judicial branch of the federal government consists of a series of courts: the Supreme Court, the courts of appeals and the district courts.(T)136.Like Britain, the United States has a two--party system.(T)7.The Democratic Party is conservative in terms of its ideology.(F)8.American presidential campaign adheres to the "winner-take-all" practice.(T)9.American foreign policy throughout the World War II was neutrality.(F)10.American foreign policy during the Cold War period was containment and intervention.(T)1.The U. S. Constitution came into effect in B .A. 1787B. 1789C. 1791D. 17932.The Constitution of the United States C .A. gives the most power to CongressB. gives the most power to the PresidentC. tries to give each branch enough power to balance the othersD. gives the most power to the Supreme Court3.The Bill of Rights B .A. defines the rights of Congress and the rights of the PresidentB. guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rights and freedomsC. is part of the Declaration of Independence14D. has no relationship with the Constitution4.The following except B are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights.A. freedom of religionB. the right to get into people’s house by policeC. freedom of speech and of pressD. the right to own one’s weapon if one wishes5.All the following except C cannot make legislative proposal.A. the SenatorB. the RepresentativeC. the Secretary of StateD. the President6.The following except C are all powers of the President.A. vetoing any bills passed by CongressB. appointing federal judges when vacancies occurC. making lawsD. issuing executive orders7.According to the Constitution, a candidate for President must be D .A. at least 35 years old15B. at least a 14 years’ resident of the United StatesC. born in AmericaD. all of the above8.The terms for a Senator and Representative are D and years respectively.A. two, fourB. two, threeC. two, sixD. six, two9.The Supreme Court is composed of D justices.A. sixB. sevenC. eightD. nine10.The President is directly voted into office by C .A. all citizens of AmericaB. the citizens over 18 years oldC. electors elected by the votersD. the senators and representativesChapter 111.America is the world's largest industrial nation.(T)2.America has a mixed economy and the government has little control over businesses.(F)3.Charter companies contributed to Britain's successful colonization of the U.S.(T)4.In the U.S. Constitution, the recognition of the importance of "intellectual property" could be identified.(T)165.Although slavery was abolished as a result of the Civil War, the owners of plantation in the South made more profits from selling their agriculture products.(F)6.President Roosevelt's New Deal had little effect in dealing with the economic crisis in the early 1930s.(F)7.The 1960s was a period of consolidation for the American businesses.(F)8.American agricultural exports outweigh imports, leaving a surplus in the agricultural balance of trade.(T)9.Auto production is one of the important sectors in American manufacturing industry.(T)10.The world economy has little to do with the growth and decline of the American foreign trade.(F)1.America produces a major portion of the world’s products in the following fields exceptC .A. machineryB. automobilesC. oreD. chemicals2.The modern American economy progressed from C to , and eventually, to .A. colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyB. farming economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyC. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economyD. handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy173.Chartered companies were NOT granted the D by the British King or Queen.A. political authorityB. economic rightsC. judicial authorityD. diplomatic authority4.The first National Bank of the United States was established with the urge of D .A. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. Andrew JacksonD. Alexander Hamilton5.The following inventions took place during the “second industrial revolution” exceptD .A. typewriterB. telephoneC. electric lightD. refrigerator6.President Johnson tried to build a “Great Society” by introducing various programs like the following except D .A. MedicareB. Food StampsC. Education InitiativesD. Unemployment Pension7.About B of American crops are for export.A. halfB. one thirdC. one fourthD. one fifth8.The following statements are all true except B .A. Agribusinesses reflect the big, corporate nature of many farm enterprises.18B. Agribusinesses maintain a balanced trade pattern between agricultural imports and exports.C. Agribusinesses range from one-family corporations to multinational firms.D. Agribusinesses include a variety of farm businesses and structures.9. D is not one of the three giants in American automobile industry.A.FordB. General MotorsC. ChryslerD. American Motors10.At present, U. S. exports account for A of the world’s total.A. 10%B. 15%C. 20%D. 25%Chapter 12cation is governed by state and local governments instead of the national government in America.(T)2.All American children are offered 12 years of compulsory public education.(T)3.The first formal academic institution that a child attends is called kindergarten.(F)4.After 12 years of schooling, American students receive a bachelor's degree at graduation.(F)5.When selecting a college or university, undergraduate students have a great concern for its size, location and academic quality.(T)6.In American institutions, a board of trustees composed of professionals is responsible for the administration.(F)19ually, an undergraduate student has to earn 120 credits to receive a degree.(T)8.Yale university is the second eldest institution of higher learning in the United States.(F)9.It is The New York Times that first uncovered the Watergate Scandal in 1972 through the efforts of two reporters.(F)10.Thanksgiving Day falls on the fourth Tuesday in November.(F)1.Formal education in the United States consists of C , secondary and higher education.A. kindergartenB. publicC. elementaryD. private2.Of the following subjects, B are NOT offered to elementary school students.A. mathematics and languagesB. politics and business educationC. science and social studiesD. music and physical education3.Higher education in the United States began with the founding of B .A. Yale UniversityB. Harvard UniversityC. Princeton UniversityD. New York University4.Of the following, B are NOT among the categories of American higher education.A. universities and collegesB. research institutionsC. technical institutionsD. community colleges205.Of the following, D is NOT the responsibility of the board of trustees in U. S. institutions.A. choosing the presidentB. establishing policies for administrators and facultyC. approving budget and other financial projectD. decide which student to enroll6.To get a bachelor’s degree, all undergraduate students are required to do the following exceptC .A. attending lectures and completing assignmentsB. passing examinationsC. working for communitiesD. earning a certain number of credits7.Of the following universities, B has NOT cultivated any American President yet.A. Harvard UniversityB. Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyC. Princeton UniversityD. Yale University8. B is sold especially to the upper or upper-middle class and it has a reputation for its serious attitude and great bulk.21A. The Washington PostB. The New York TimesC. Los Angeles TimesD. New York Daily News9.Of the following, B is NOT among the three major radio and TV networks in America.A. the National Broadcasting System (NBS)B. the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS)C. the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)D. the American Broadcasting System (ABS)10.The National Day of the United States falls on B .A. June 4thB. July 4thC. June 14thD. July 14th22。
英美国家概况 Britain in and after the Two World Wars
Christianityquietlyspread in Roman Britain
For centuries, Christianity had beengaininghold inBritainwithmonks such as St. Augustine of Canterbury spreading the faith andestablishingmonasteries.By the end of 7thcentury, all of the kings of theBritish IsleswereChristianized.
Consequences:The King Charles’s arm was defeated. Charles I was beheaded.In 1649, the House of Lords and the office of King were abolishedanda Council of State was set to carry the executive work of the government, andEnglandwas declared a Commonwealth.
6.Britainatthestart of the 21stcentury
7. What does it mean to be British?
A) Changes in population
B) Summary:“There will always be anEngland”
III. Questions for discussion:
3)Elizabeth I’s achievements
6.How did theUKparliament come into being? How did the major political parties evolve?
《英美国家概况》课件
04
英美国家对世界的影响
政治影响
英美国家政治体制对全球民主化进程的推动
英美国家作为民主制度的发源地，其政治体制对全球民主化进程产生了深远影响，许多国家在政 治制度上效仿英美，推动了全球民主化进程。
英美国家在国际政治中的领导地位
英美国家凭借强大的经济和军事实力，在国际政治中发挥着领导作用，对国际关系和全球事务产 生重大影响。
02
英美国家的贸易政策对全球经济产生深远影响，其贸易策对全球投资环境的影响
03
英美国家的投资政策对全球投资环境产生重要影响，其投资政
策的变化对全球投资格局和经济发展产生重要影响。
文化影响
英美国家文化输出对全球文化多样性的影响
英美国家作为全球文化输出大国，其文化产品对全球文化多样性产生重要影响，影响了世 界各地的文化传统和价值观。
英美国家教育体系对全球教育的启示和影响
英美国家的教育体系被认为是全球最优秀的教育体系之一，其教育理念和方法对全球教育 产生了重要影响和启示。
英美国家科技发展对全球科技进步的推动作用
英美国家在科技领域一直处于领先地位，其科技发展对全球科技进步产生了重要推动作用 ，引领全球科技发展方向。
05
总结与展望
总结词
美国地理环境多样，历史悠久，是世界上的超级大国。
详细描述
美国位于北美洲，东临大西洋，西濒太平洋，北接加拿大，南至墨西哥及古巴。美国拥有丰富的自然 资源，国土面积居世界第四位。美国历史可追溯至1776年独立建国，经历了两次世界大战和冷战，成 为全球领先的政治、经济、军事和文化大国。
政治与经济
总结词
英美国家对外政策的制定与实施
英美国家对外政策的制定与实施对全球政治稳定和国际安全产生重要影响，其外交政策对其他国 家产生示范效应。
英美国家概况课程教学大纲
《英美文化与国家概况》课程教学大纲学分：3.0学时：52适用专业：商务英语、应用英语一、课程性质（定位）与任务课程性质：商务英语专业的必修专业技能基础课程，是一门素质拓展课。
通过本课程的学习，达到开阔学生视野，扩大学生知识面的目的。
课程目标：通过介绍英国和美国这两个最有代表性的英语国家的历史、地理、社会、经济、政治、教育及其文化传统，使学生对西方思想的形成有进一步的认识，扩展自身人文知识，为学生在英语学习中扫除缺乏背景知识的障碍，提高学生对文化差异的敏感性、宽容性和处理文化差异的灵活性，培养学生跨文化交际能力。
前导课程：综合英语后续课程：商务英语、商务英语翻译二、课程目标知识目标：通过教学，使学生了解英、美两国的国家地理、历史、人文特征、经济、宗教、社会、教育与文化等基本情况以及传统的风俗习惯等。
理解西方思想的根源，包括英、美两国社会的思想意识的根源与形成；理解英国历史发展对其现今社会、宗教与政治制度的影响，以及美国社会、文化结构多元化的历史渊源，掌握英、美两国经济、文化和社会等方面的知识要点，还要求学生通过听讲、阅读、讨论等方式提高英语语言应用能力。
技能目标：能够运用学到的知识解释英语学习中遇到的有关问题，提高阅读能力及学生的英语语言水平、跨文化交际能力及文化思考能力。
素质目标：以认识和解读英语国家文化为切入点，深化语言学习与文化学习的内涵关联，提升学习语言的实效和在真实世界中的应用能力。
在提高学生文化意识的基础上，提高学生的文化观察能力、文化思索能力、文化甄别能力和文化探索能力。
三、教学内容及具体要求Chapter 1 Land and People of the UK授课学时：4教学内容：英国的国土和人民基本要求：通过教学使学生对英国国家的组成、地理、气候、旅游名胜等有一个初步的了解，熟悉英国的主要民族及英国人的性格特点。
Chapter 2 The Origins and Shaping of the Nation授课学时：6讲授内容：英国国家起源和形成基本要求：通过本节课的教学，使学生了解英国历史，掌握主要历史事件及人物。
英美国家概况
美国本土东濒大西洋，西临太平洋，北靠加拿大，南接墨西哥及墨西哥湾。
美国源自于1776年从英国统治下脱离而出的北美殖民地，13州的殖民地代表们一同发表了《美国独立宣言》，在经历艰苦的独立战争后，于1783年与英国签订了巴黎协约，从此受到世界各国的承认。
政治美国是现存历史最悠久的宪政立宪共和国，有世界上最早并仍在运作的成文《宪法》。
在《宪法》授权下，政府通过国会运作代议民主制。
政府分为三级架构：联邦、州和地方政府。
三级政府中的官员由选民进行不记名投票选举产生，或者由民选官员任命。
行政长官和立法机构官员从单一选区多数制选举产生，司法系统和内阁官员由行政长官任命并经立法机构批准产生。
在某些州，司法系统官员也通过多数制选举产生。
联邦政府本身有三个分支，互相制约和平衡：立法机关：即国会，由众议院和参议院两部分组成；行政机关：即总统，总统提名和参议院批准的内阁官员及其下属，负责行使基于联邦法律的治理权；司法机关：即最高法院和较低级别的联邦法院，法官由总统提名并参议院批准。
美国国会实行两院立法体制。
众议院设435个席位代表各自的国会选区，任期2年。
众议院席位根据人口分布，每10年重新划分一次，每个州最少都会分配到1个众议院席位：目前有7个州只有1个议席，人口最多的加利福尼亚州则有高达53个议席。
而无论人口众寡，每个州在参议院都有2个席位，加起来共一百席，任期6年；每隔2年，重选三分之一的参议员。
在联邦体制内，州与联邦政府的关系很复杂。
法律规定，各州是主权实体。
然而，在美国内战和“德克萨斯对怀特案”建立的规则是，州无权脱离联邦；根据宪法，也无外交权。
美国联邦法律在经过宪法授权的领域要高于各州所制订的不同的法律，但是联邦政府的权力只能在宪法规定的范围之内行使；所有未授予联邦政府的权力由州政府和人民自行保留。
美国宪法以及权利法案等一系列修正案致力维护公民自由：包括言论、宗教信仰和出版自由；接受公正审判的权利；拥有和携带武器的权利；选举和财产权。
英美国家概况
英美国家概况
概况：
属于现代词汇
比如：学校概况，就是学校的占地面积、历史、得过什么奖、有什么建筑等这些比较浅层、一目了然的情况。
英美国家概况：
《英美国家概况》是2007年中国广播电视出版社出版的图书。
《英美国家概况》分美国概况及英国概况两部分，主要内容涵盖美国的地理；美国历史；美国文学；美国政治制度；美国的教育；美国人的社会生活。
英美国家概况：
《英美国家概况》是对外经贸大学出版社出版的图书，作者是林琳。
内容简介：
《英美国家概况》是专为各类高职高专院校(包括电大、成人教育学院、自考等)英语专业一、二年级学生编写的教材。
通过介绍英国和美国的地理、历史、政治、经济、教育、文化等背景知识，帮助学生提高对文化差异的敏感度，提升商务语言在工作情境中的综合运用能力;拓展有关知识从而深化语言基础、提高阅读效果和写作效果，提升有效交际能力;帮助学生以史为鉴，对东西方文化差异进行思考和分析，提高文化修养和公民意识;综合运用其他语言和商务课程的知识和技能进行团队合作，提升创新思维能力和有效解决问题能力。
《英美国家概况》集时代性、实用性、趣味性为一体，以能力培养为
主线，以易教与易学的思路设计学习模块，整体编排从课堂教学实际出发，充分发挥学生的主观能动性，促使学生思考，鼓励学生积极参与教学活动，锻炼学生运用语言知识的实际能力。
英美国家概况
英国概况英格兰面积最大苏格兰，爱丁堡为首府威尔士，加的夫，Cardiff为首府北爱尔兰，贝尔法斯特Belfast为首府伦敦，UK首都，皇家法庭royal courts of justice 及圣保罗大教堂st paul’s cathedral在这里。
威斯敏斯特westminster，伦敦市的一个行政区，也叫西敏寺，这里有议会houses of parliament，包含大钟楼big ben，白厅whitehall即英国政府，白金汉宫buckingham palace即英国皇宫，还有st james’hall 圣詹姆斯宫。
The great charter in 1215,1215年大宪章，亦称the great charter or Magna Charta,确保一些平民的政治权利与自由，保障教会不受国王的控制，改革了法律和司法，限制国王及王室官员的行为。
议会雏形，1265年，Simon de Montford 召集the Great Council在西敏寺开会，就是最早的议会，后来发展了House of Lords上议院，House of Commons下议院。
玫瑰战争和英国宗教改革：Richard 三世和Henry Tudor都铎（duduo）打了玫瑰战争，都铎胜利，终成五代都铎王朝。
亨利八世进行宗教改革，想切断英国教会与罗马教皇的关系，使英国教会独立起来。
宗教改革的真正进行是在亨利八世的儿子爱德华时期，新教是Protestant，即基督教，改革叫做“The Reformation”。
伊丽莎白一世时期，伊丽莎白为女王统治英国，她是基督教徒，大力推行新教，从此英国都是信奉新教。
文艺复兴运动The English Renaissance文艺复兴是中世纪到现代的过渡时期，从1350-1650，有300年，从意大利发起，达芬奇等人为代表。
在这段时期，罗马教会经历新教改革，人文主义兴起，海外探索（大航海时代？）。
英语国家概况-谢福之-修正-选择题
英语国家概况-谢福之-修正-选择题1-13章Chapter 11.The two main islands of the British Isles are .A. Great Britain and IrelandB. Great Britain and ScotlandC. Great Britain and WalesD. Great Britain and England2.is the capital city of Scotland.A. BelfastB. EdinburghC. AberdeenD. Cardiff3.Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, is the smallest.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland4.English belongs to the group of Indo-European family of languages.A. CelticB. Indo-IranianC. GermanicD. Roman5.The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of words toEnglish.A. Danish and FinnishB. Dutch and GermanC. French and ItalianD. Latin and Greek6.The evolution of Middle English was reinforced by the influence.A. NormanB. DutchC. GermanD. Danish7.S amuel Johnson’s dictionary was influential in establishing a standard form of .A. grammarB. handwritingC. spellingD. pronunciation8.At present, nearly o f the world’s population communicate inEnglish.A. halfB. a quarterC. one thirdD. one fifth Chapter 2 p291. The attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.A. NormanB. DanishC. CelticD. Germanic2.By the late 7th century, became the dominant religion in England.A. Celtic ChristianityB. Anglo-Saxon ChristianityC. Germanic ChristianityD. Roman Christianity3.The marked the establishment of feudalism in England.A. Viking invasionB. signing of the Magna CartaC. Norman ConquestD. Adoption of common law4.The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of .A. the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lancaster5.The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henr y VIII’s effort to .A. divorce his wifeB. break with RomeC. support the ProtestantsD. declare his supreme power over the church6.The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between .A. Protestants and PuritansB. Royalists and ParliamentariansC. nobles and peasantsD. aristocrats and Christians7.was passed after the Glorious Revolution.A. Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Provisions of OxfordD. Magna Carta8.The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of the century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20th1-13章Chapter 3 p411. The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three of thefollowing branches with the exception of the .A. judiciaryB. legislatureC. monarchyD. executive2.The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on .A. passing the billsB. advising the governmentC. political partiesD. public attitude3.As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to the House of Commons.A. rivalB. complementC. criticizeD. inspect4.is at the center of the British political system.A. The CabinetB. The House of LordsC. The House of CommonsD. The Privy Council5.The main duty of the British Privy Council is to .A. make decisionsB. give adviceC. pass billsD. supervise the Cabinet6.Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a system.A. single-partyB. two-partyC. three-partyD. multi-party7.The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism and .A. government interventionB. nationalization of enterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualism8.In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every years.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. sixChapter 4 p511. The in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy in Britain.A. oil crisisB. high inflation ratesC. large importsD. unemployment problem2.Of the following practices, does not belong to Thatcher’s social welfare reform.A. reducing child benefitsB. shortening the unemployment benefits periodC. reducing the unemploymentD. lowering old age pensions3.The Blair government has been successful in all the following aspects except .A. limiting government spendingB. keeping inflation under controlC. reducing unemploymentD. reducing inequality4.Britain has devoted of its land area to agriculture.A. 54%B. 64%C. 74%D.84%5.Britain’s important fishing areas include all the following except .A. the North SeaB. the English ChannelC. The sea area around IrelandD. The sea area between Britain andIreland6.Coal mining industry in Britain provides of the energy consumed in the country.A. 1/3B. 1/4C. 1/5D. 2/37.The car industry in Britain in mostly .A. foreign-ownedB. state-ownedC. joint-ventureD.privately-owned1-13章8.Of the following sectors in Britain, has experienced spectacular growth since theend of Word War II.A. agricultureB. the energy industryC.the service sectorD. manufacturingindustryChapter 5 p631. In Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools were ended by theintroduction of comprehensive schools in the .A. 1930sB. 1940sC. 1950sD. 1960s2.About of British children receive primary and secondary education through theindependent system.A. 5%B. 6%C. 7%D. 8%3.Partially funded by central government grants, the British universities receive their remainingfunds from all the following sources except .A. tuition feesB. loansC. donationsD. corporate contributions4.To be admitted to the Open University, one need .A. some educational qualificationsB. no educational qualificationsC. General Certificate of Education-AdvancedD. General National Vocational Qualifications5.Among Britain’s quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the “Big Three” withthe exception of .A. The TimesB. The GuardianC. The ObserverD. The Daily Telegraph6.Life on Earth is a kind of program produced by the BBC and is popular among 500million viewers worldwide.A. featureB. dramaC. documentaryD. soap opera7.is Britain’s top pay television provider.A. BSBB. SkyTVC. BBCD. BSkyB8.The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except .A. Trooping the ColorB. Queen’s Christmas messageC. Boxing DayD. Christmas pantomimeChapter 6 p781.The most significant achievement of the English Renaissance is .A.poetryB. dramaC. novelD. pamphlet2. is viewed as Romantic poetry’s “Declaration of Independence”.A.”I Wonder Lonely as a Cloud”B.Don JuanC.T he preface to Lyrical BalladsD.Prometheus Unbound3.Of Dickens’novels, ________ is considered most autobiographical.A.A Tale of Two CitiesB.David CopperfieldC.Oliver TwistD.Great Expectations4.________ is a representative of English critical realism in the 19th century.A.Robert Louis StevensonB.John MiltonC.Joseph ConradD.Thomas Hardy5.Of the following books, is NOT written by Thomas Hardy.A.Jude the ObscureB.Tess of the d’Uebervilles1-13章C.A dam BedeD.the return of the native6.is NOT included in the modernist group.A.Wscar WildeB.Virginia WoolfC.William Butler YeatsD.T.S.Eliot7.Of the following writers, is NOT a Nobel Prize winner.A.Samuel BeckettB.James JoyceC.William GoldingD.V.S Naipaul8.Waiting for Godot is written by .A.Samuel BeckettB.George OrwellC.William GoldingwrenceChapter 8 p1101. The U. S. lies in North America, with Canada to the north, Mexico to the south, theAtlantic to its and the Pacific to its .A. northern, east, westB. central, east, westC. southern, west, eastD. western, east, west2. The continental United States has statesA. 50B. 49C. 48D. 353.The state of is the largest in area of all the states.A. AlaskaB. HawaiiC. TexasD. Florida4.The largest river in the U. S. is .A. the Missouri RiverB. the Mississippi RiverC. the Ohio RiverD. the Colorado River5.Some of the world famous universities like Harvard, Yale and MIT are located in .A. the SouthB. the WestC. New EnglandD. the Midwest6.San Francisco, Los Angeles and San Diego all belong to .A. MontanaB. UtahC. MaineD.California7.The Immigrants Act of 1924 restricted the further immigration into the United States,particularly from .A. EuropeB. AsiaC. AfricaD. South America8.The characteristic of the dominant American culture is .A. English-speaking, northern European, Roman Catholic and middle-classB. English-speaking, western European, Roman Catholic and upper-classC. English-speaking, northern European, Protestant and upper-classD. English-speaking, western European, Protestant and middle-classChapter 9 p1221. The first successful English colony in North America was founded at in .A. Jamestown, LouisianaB. Boston, MassachusettsC. Jamestown, VirginiaD. Plymouth, Georgia2.The Seven Years’ War occurred between the .A. the French and the American IndiansB.the French and the SpanishC. the French and the BritishD. the British and the American Indians3.“No taxation without representation” wa s the rallying slogan of .1-13章A. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people of PennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13 colonies4.In May 1775, was held in Philadelphia and began to assume the functions of anational government.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Boston Tea PartyD. the Congress of Confederation5.Abraham Lincoln issued to grant freedom to all slaves.A. Declaration of IndependenceB. ConstitutionC. Emancipation ProclamationD. Bill of Rights6.The policy of the United States was at the beginning of the two world wars.A. neutralityB. full involvementC. partial involvementD. appeasement7.President applied New Deal to deal with the problems of the Great Depression.A. WilsonB. TrumanC. RooseveltD. Kennedy8.The Vietnam War was a long-time suffering for Americans, and it continued throughout theterms of Presidents .A. Johnson, Nixon and FordB. Truman, Eisenhower and KennedyC. Kennedy, Johnson and NixonD. Eisenhower, Kennedy and Johnson Chapter 10 p1361. The U. S. Constitution came into effect in .A. 1787B. 1789C. 1791D. 17932.The Constitution of the United States .A. gives the most power to CongressB. gives the most power to the PresidentC. tries to give each branch enough power to balance the othersD. gives the most power to the Supreme Court3.The Bill of Rights .A. defines the rights of Congress and the rights of the PresidentB. guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rights and freedomsC. is part of the Declaration of IndependenceD. has no relationship with the Constitution4.The terms for a Senator and Representative are and yearsrespectively.A. two, fourB. two, threeC. two, sixD. six, two5.All the following except cannot make legislative proposal.A. the SenatorB. the RepresentativeC. the Secretary of StateD. the President6.The following except are all powers of the President.A. vetoing any bills passed by CongressB. appointing federal judges when vacancies occurC. making lawsD. issuing executive orders7.The Supreme Court is composed of justices.A. sixB. sevenC. eightD. nine8.The President is directly voted into office by .1-13章A. all citizens of AmericaB. the citizens over 18 years oldC. electors elected by the votersD. the senators and representatives Chapter 11 p1471. America produces a major portion of the world’s products in the following fieldsexcept .A. machineryB. automobilesC. oreD. chemicals2.The modern American economy progressed from to , and eventually,to .A. colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyB. farming economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyC. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economyD. handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy3.Chartered companies were NOT granted the by the British King or Queen.A. political authorityB. economic rightsC. judicial authorityD. diplomatic authority4.urged the federal government to establish a national bank.A. George WashingtonB. President RooseveltC. Abraham LincolnD. Alexander Hamilton5.The following i nventions took place during the “second industrial revolution” except .A. typewriterB. telephoneC. electric lightD. refrigerator6.President Johnson tried to build a “Great Society” by introducing various programs like thefollowing except .A. MedicareB. Food StampsC. Education InitiativesD. Unemployment Pension7.The following statements are all true except .A. Agribusinesses reflect the big, corporate nature of many farmenterprises.B. Agribusinesses maintain a balanced trade pattern between agricultural imports andexports.C. Agribusinesses range from one-family corporations to multinational firms.D. Agribusinesses include a variety of farm businesses and structures.8. Employment in the sector has been increasing in the U.S. since the 1970s.A. serviceB. agricultureC. manufacturingD. high-tect Chapter 12 p1601. Formal education in the United States consists of , secondary and higher education.A. kindergartenB. publicC. elementaryD. private2.Of the following subjects, are NOT offered to elementary school students.A. mathematics and languagesB. politics and business educationC. science and social studiesD. music and physical education3.Higher education in the United States began with the founding of .A. Yale UniversityB. Harvard UniversityC. Princeton UniversityD. New York University4.Of the following, are NOT among the categories of American higher education.1-13章A. universities and collegesB. research institutionsC. technical institutionsD. community colleges5.To get a bachelor’s degree, all undergraduate students are required to do the followingexcept .A. attending lectures and completing assignmentsB. passing examinationsC. working for communitiesD. earning a certain number of credits6.is sold especially to the upper or upper-middle class and it has a reputation for itsserious attitude and great bulk.A. The Washington PostB. The New York TimesC. Los Angeles TimesD. New York Daily News7.Of the following, is NOT among the three major radio and TV networks in America.A. the National Broadcasting System (NBS)B. the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS)C. the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)D. the American Broadcasting System (ABS)8.The National Day of the United States falls on .A.June 4thB. July 4thC. June 14thD. July 14th Chapter 13 p1761.Of the following writers,_______are from the Colonial and Revolutionary Periods.A.Benjamin Franklin and Edgar Allan PoeB.Edgar Allan and Jonathan EdwardsC.Benjamin Franklin and Jonathan EdwardsD.Edgar Allan and Washington Irving2._______is regarded as the “father of American and literature”.A.James Fenimore CooperB.Ralph Waldo EmersonC.Thomas JeffsonD.Washington Irving3.Of the following,_______is considered Herman Melv ille’s masterpiece.A.The last of the MohicansB.The Legend of Sleepy HollowC.Moby DickD.Daisy Miller4.Of the following,_______is NOT characteristic of Mark Twain’s works.A.clloquial speechB.a sense of humorC.a realistic viewD.an idealistic view5.Of the following writers,_______is NOT includeed in the group of naturalists.A.Stephen CranceB.Frank NorrisC.Theodore DreiserD.Herman Melville6.F.Scott Fitzgerald’s finest novel is _______,and its theme is about _______.A.The Great Gatsby,the American DreamB.Tender Is the Night,loveC.Tales of the Jazz Age,the loss of oneselfD.The Beautiful and Damned,the evil of human nature7.Of the following writers,_______is NOT a Nobel Prize winner.A.Alice WalkerB.Ernest HemingwayC.William FaulknerD.Eugene O’Neill8._______is the first African-American winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature.。
英美国家概况
英美国家概况
《英美国家调查表》（英文版）是专门为各职业学院（包括电大，成人教育学院，自学考试等）的英语专业的一年级和二年级学生编写的一本教科书。
通过介绍英国和美国的地理，历史，政治，经济，教育和文化背景知识，可以帮助学生提高对文化差异的敏感性，并提高他们在工作环境中使用商务语言的综合能力；扩大相关知识，深化语言基础，提高读写效果，提高有效沟通能力；它帮助学生思考和分析东西方之间的文化差异，提高他们的文化素养和公民意识，综合利用其他语言和商务课程的知识和技能进行团队合作，并提高他们的创新思维能力和有效问题解决能力。
英美两国的调查（英文版）融合了时代特征，实用性和趣味性。
它以能力训练为主线，以易学易学的思想设计学习模块。
总体安排从实际的课堂教学开始，充分发挥学生的主观能动性，促进学生的思维能力，鼓励他们积极参与教学活动，培养他们运用语言知识的实践能力。
《英美国家概况（英文版）（第二版）》是专为各类高职高专院校（包括电大、成人教育学院、自考等）英语专业一、二年级学生编写的教材。
教材通过介绍英国和美国的地理、历史、政治、经济、教育、文化等背景知识，帮助学生提高对文化差异的敏感度，提升商务语言在工作情境中的综合运用能力；拓展有关知识从而深化语言基础、提高阅读效果和写作效果，提升有效交际能力；能够以史为鉴，对东西方文化差异进行思考和分析，提高文化修养和公民意识；能够综合运用其他语言和商务课程的知识和技能进行团队合作，提升创新思维能力
和有效解决问题能力。
英美国家概况 Britain in and after the Two World Wars
Christianityquietlyspread in Roman Britain
For centuries, Christianity had beengaininghold inBritainwithmonks such as St. Augustine of Canterbury spreading the faith andestablishingmonasteries.By the end of 7thcentury, all of the kings of theBritish IsleswereChristianized.
1)Julius Caesar (55BC): Hadrian’s Wall
Christianityquietly spread
2)Germanic tribesmen: the Heptarchy
Old English
3)Anglo-Saxon rule: Christianity gained hold inBritain.
B)IndependenceofmostCommonwealth countries
C) Irish troubles——Tensions and Resolutions
D) European Union (EU)——Fromisolation to integration
E) Changes in the Economy
1)In the Middle Ages,theChurch had gained onlymaterialimportance…P 28
2)Elizabeth:
Putting to rest the religious issues;
英美国家概况之英国篇十三讲
英美国家概况笔记：英国国土与人民Chapter 1Land and People英国的国土与人民英国的国土与人民I ． Different Names for Britain and its Parts英国的不同名称及其各组成部分英国的不同名称及其各组成部分1．Geographical names ： the British Isles ， Great Britain and England ．地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。
2．Official name ： the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ．官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
3．The British Isles are made up of two large islands －Great Britain （the larger one ） and Ireland ， and hundreds of small ones ．不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。
4．Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain ： England ， Scotlandand Wales ．大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。
（1） England is in the southern part of Great Britain ． It is the largest ， most populous section ．英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。
（2） Scotland is in the north of Great Britain ． It has three natural zones （the Highlands in the north ； the Central lowlands ； the south Uplands ） Capital ： Edinburgh苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。
英语国家概况-America
1776年美国成立。13个前英殖民地联合一致反抗当时的大英帝国， 通过战争赢得了他们的独立。
J. Hector St. John de Crevecoeur (settled in Pennsylvania in the 18th century) 赫克托. 圣约翰.德克雷夫科尔（18世纪移居宾西法尼亚地区）
Great social changes in Europe (end of tБайду номын сангаасe Middle Ages and Feudal
System) 欧洲巨大的社会变化（中世纪和封建制度的消亡）
1. Economic changes--- the development of capitalism and emergence of new social groups 经济变化—— 资本主义的发展和新的社会力量的出现 2. Cultural changes--- the Renaissance
The first long-continuing immigration 第一次人口迁移运动 Time: 25 000 years ago 25000年前 People: Siberians from Asia 亚洲西伯利亚人
Route: across Bering Strait 越过白令海峡
Results: later called Indians developed their own culture——the Aztecs, the Incas and the Mayas 后来被称为印第安人 的人们发展了自己的土著文化——阿兹台克文化（墨 西哥地区）、印加文化（秘鲁地区）及玛雅文化（中
People: Europeans and Africans