unit8世纪英商务英语综合专业篇II第五版
世纪商务英语综合教程专业篇II Unit 2
Unit 2 Consumer Psychology
Text A
Unit 2 Consumer Psychology
Text A
The black box model considers the buyer’s response as a result of a conscious, rational decision process, in which it is assumed that the buyer has recognized the problem. However, in reality many decisions are not made in awareness of a determined problem by the consumer.
Eye tracking research suggests that consumers specifically direct their attention to products with eye-catching properties such as shape, color or brand name. This is due to a pressured visual search where eye movements accelerate and saccade minimize, thus resulting in the consumer quickly choosing a product with a “pop out” effect. This suggests that efficient search is primarily used concluding that consumers do not focus on items that share very similar features. Thus the more distinct or maximally visually different a product is from surrounding products, the more likely it is to be purchased by the consumer. In the past decade, there has been extensive research into how companies can maximize sales using psychological techniques, derived from visual search, to determine how products should be positioned on shelves.
世纪商务英语阅读专业篇II第五版 (1)
Lin began his service at the World Bank in June 2008, where he guided the bank’s intellectual leadership and played a key role in shaping the economic research agenda of the institution.
Omitted.
Reading Skill Focus
II. Match the English phrases to the Chinese equivalents.
( I ) 1. international economic institutions ( A ) 2. the World Bank ( H ) 3. the Millennium Development Goals ( C ) 4. the International Bank for Reconstruction and
The 60-year old economist is now likely to return to his former role as a professor at the China Center for Economic Research at Peking University, where he served for 15 years as the founding director before joining the World Bank.
世纪商务英语写作训练第五版第二单元答案
世纪商务英语写作训练第五版第二单元答案1、Then the speaker _____the various factors leading to the economic crisis. [单选题] *A.went onB.went afterC.went into(正确答案)D.went for2、I haven’t met him _____ the last committee meeting. [单选题] *A. forB. since(正确答案)C. atD. before3、____ is standing at the corner of the street. [单选题] *A. A policeB. The policeC. PoliceD. A policeman(正确答案)4、—______ —（）[单选题] *A. How long did you stay there?B. How much did you pay for the dress?C. How many flowers did you buy?(正确答案)D. How often did you visit your grandparents?5、Mary _____ be in Paris. I saw her just now on campus. [单选题] *A. mustn'tB. can't(正确答案)C. need notD. may not6、We need two ______ and two bags of ______ for the banana milk shake.（）[单选题]*A. banana; yogurtB. banana; yogurtsC. bananas; yogurt(正确答案)D. bananas; yogurts7、—Judging from ____ number of bikes, there are not many people in the party.—I think so. People would rather stay at home in such _____ weather. [单选题] *A. the, aB. a, /C. the, /(正确答案)D. a, a8、Julia’s on holiday in Shanghai _______. [单选题] *A. in a momentB. after a momentC. at the moment(正确答案)D. at any moment9、Bob used ______ on the right in China, but he soon got used ______ on the left in England.（）[单选题] *A. to drive; to driveB. to drive; drivingC. to driving; to driveD. to drive; to driving(正确答案)10、What _______ would you like, sir? [单选题] *A. otherB. else(正确答案)C. othersD. another11、( ) _____ New York _____ London have traffic problems. [单选题] *A. All…andB. Neither….norC. Both…and(正确答案)D. Either…or12、--It is Sunday tomorrow, I have no idea what to do.--What about _______? [单选题] *A. play computer gamesB. go fishingC. climbing the mountain(正确答案)D. see a film13、It’s one of _______ means of transportation. [单选题] *A. cheapB. convenientC. second-handD. the most convenient(正确答案)14、4．—Alice’s never late for school.—________. [单选题] *A．So am I.B．So was I.C．Neither am I. (正确答案)D．Neither have I.15、My daughter is neither slim nor fat and she’d like a _______ skirt. [单选题] *A. largeB. medium(正确答案)C. smallD. mini16、73．The moonlight goes ____ the window and makes the room bright. [单选题] *A．acrossB．through(正确答案)C．overD．in17、--What would you like to say to your _______ before leaving school?--I’d like to say"Thank you very much!" [单选题] *A. workersB. nursesC. waitersD. teachers(正确答案)18、—______ is the concert ticket?—It’s only 160 yuan.（）[单选题] *A. How manyB How much(正确答案)C. How oftenD. How long19、_______ your help, I can’t finish my job. [单选题] *A. withB. without(正确答案)C. inD. into20、22．______ is convenient to travel between Pudong and Puxi now. [单选题] * A．It(正确答案)B．ThisC．ThatD．What21、Jim wants to hang out with his friends at night, but his parents don’t allow him ______ so. （）[单选题] *A. doB. doneC. to do(正确答案)D. doing22、These oranges look nice, but _______ very sour. [单选题] *A. feelB. taste(正确答案)C. soundD. look23、The bookstore is far away. You’d better _______ the subway. [单选题] *A. sitB. take(正确答案)C. missD. get24、—Could you please make the bed?—______.（）[单选题] *A. Yes, I wasB. No, I don’tC. Sure, I’ll do it(正确答案)D. No, that’s no problem25、62．--There is? ? ? ? ? sale on in the shop today. Let’s go together.--Please wait? ? ? ? ? ?minute. I’ll finish my homework first. [单选题] *A．a; theB．a; a(正确答案)C．the; aD．the; the26、Tom is ____ honest man, so we all like to work with him. [单选题] *A. aB. an(正确答案)C. /D. any27、46．The pants look cool.You can ________. [单选题] *A．try it onB．try on itC．try them on(正确答案)D．try on them28、We _______ swim every day in summer when we were young. [单选题] *A. use toB. are used toC. were used toD. used to(正确答案)29、While I _____ the morning paper, a headline caught my eye.. [单选题] *A. have readB. was reading(正确答案)C. had readD. am reading30、The man called his professor for help because he couldn’t solve the problem by _______. [单选题] *A. herselfB. himself(正确答案)C. yourselfD. themselves。
新世纪高职高专综合英语 2 unit 8
proposition n.
① a subject for discussion or analysis; a statement that consists of a carefully considered opinion or judgment 观点，见解，主张 e.g. The store owner decorated his store in a special style to show an unusual proposition to customers.
Advantages
Products
from around the world can be purchased, by comparing details and price of the items. An item which is a regional specialty can be bought online without going in person to that location. In most occasions, the prices are cheaper online than in the high street stores. Online shoppers can send gifts to family members or friends as a surprise. It also saves the time of buying the gifts in high street, packing it carefully and shipping the gift.
Disadvantages
Identity
theft is the most key worry for those who fear about online shopping. if consumers do not pay attention to the credibility of online stores, they might get cheated.
世纪商务英语阅读教程2 (基础篇)unit 8
Reading Skill Focus
A:Guided Practice
Reading Skill Focus
A:Guided Practice
Reading Skill Focus
A:Guided Practice
Reading Skill Focus
B:Let’s Try
Reading Skill Focus
Comprehensive Reading
Getting the Most of Meetings
Text : A
One aspect of business life which many managers are unhappy with is the need to attend meetings. Research indicates that managers will spend between a third or half of their working lives in meetings. Although most managers would agree that it is hard to think of an alternative to meetings, as a means of considering information and making collective decisions, their length and frequency can cause problems with the workload of even the bestorganized executives. Meetings work best if they take place only when necessary and not as a matter of routine. One example of this is the discussion of personnel or career matters between members of staff and their line and personnel managers[1]. Another is during the early stages of a project when the team in charge of the project needs to learn to understand and trust one another.
世纪商务英语阅读教程(专业篇II)
especially , current assets.
Financial Management
The Financing Decision
Insurance
Insurance Performance
Receive premiums as revenues from policyholders. Generate profits by investing. Make payments as compensation to policyholders.
Financial Management
The Dividend Decision
◇ The dividend decision is the third important decision.
◇ The dividend decision includes the percentage of earnings for cash dividends.
★ People buy old age insurance to support themselves after they retire.
Insurance
Reasons for Insurance
Losses sometimes unavoidably occur in one’s life because of various reasons.
in a car accident.
Insurance
The Importance of Insurance
世纪商务英语综合教程专业篇II Unit1[教学]
![世纪商务英语综合教程专业篇II Unit1[教学]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/9b4d4faa227916888586d74d.png)
absolutely superior
More and more American business executives
Unit 1 Management
A. Different educational background. B. Different cultural traditions.
C. Different corporate organization.
3. According to the speaker, which one is more humane about business
Text A
1. Reading
Read the passage about the marketing concept and answer the following questions.
1. Why does the writer describe the image of a boss in his office? How does the writer think of the boss?
Unit 1 Management
Text A
Management by Wandering Around (MBWA) ,Picture a boss in a lavish office with sumptuous leather furniture and woodpaneled walls. He’s sitting behind a huge desk full of important work that needs his attention. He’s far too busy to be concerned with anything outside his office walls: there’s enough happening within! ,This type of boss can be intimidating and unapproachable. Yet, this is a common scenario in many organizations. ,What type of boss would you like to be? Do you want to be remote and bask in your own importance? Or do you want to know what’s happening out there “in the trenches”? ,As a boss, you can be admired for your wisdom, knowledge and expertise without being distant and disconnected. ,If you build a wall around yourself, your team may not gain from your experience, and this can undermine problem solving and decision making. Being connected can be a major factor for success: The more connected you are, the better you can understand what motivates members of your team, analyze what’s really going on, and find solutions that meet the needs of your people and your company.
世纪英语综合教程ii（第五版）
世纪英语综合教程II（第五版）教案授课主要内容Unit One Traveling Around (1st and 2nd hours)Warm-upTask 1 Famous interesting places in the world.Objective: Ss can make brief introductions of these interesting places in the pictures.Steps:• Ss look at the pictures.• Ss make introductions of these pictures as detailed as possible.• Ts give more detailed information about these interesting places and ask Ss to retell.Task 2 How many interesting places have you been to?Objective: Ss can list the interesting places they have ever been to and introduce them to class. Steps:• Ask Ss to make a list of interesting places they have been to.• Ss introduce one or more of these places they list on the text-books.Listening &SpeakingTask 1 I have been to Australia.Objective: Ss can understand the conversation and fill in the blanks with correct information. Steps:• Play the script two times.• Ask Ss to listen carefully and fill in the blanks.• Ask Ss to tell the class their answers.Answers:Weather: warm in winter.People: 1) always seem happy;2) be warm to each other.Country: it is really a wonderful place for visitors.Accommodation: 1) living in: a home-stay family;2) food: very delicious.Communication with the home-stay family:1) talking about the students they had received before;2) sharing news and interesting stories.Task 2 Show your boarding cards please.Objective: Ss can understand the conversation and choose the best answers.Steps:• Play the script two times.• Ask Ss to choose the best answers.Answers: 1) B 2) A 3) C 4) A 5) BTask 3 Y ou have to go through the metal detector.Objective: Ss can understand the conversation and judge whether the statements are true or false. Steps:• Play the script two times.• Ask Ss to listen and understand the conversation and make correct judgments.• Ask Ss to tell the class their judgments.Answers: 1) F 2) F 3) F 4) T 5) TTask 4 What should a visitor do while traveling?Objective: Ss can understand the conversation and tick the information mentioned in the conversation. Steps:• Play the script two times.• Ss listen to the conversation and tick those statements mentioned in the conversation.• Ask Ss to give the answers.Answers: tick (∨ ): 1), 3), 4), 6), 7), 8)Task 5 Two capital cities of the two great countries.Objective: Ss can understand the passage and fill in the blanks with correct words or phrases.Steps:• Play the script three times.• Ss listen and give the correct words or phrases.• Ss give the answers, if their answers are not correct, Ts correct them.Answers: (1) sister cities (2) scientific (3) cooperation (4) experience (5) appreciate(6) People’s Republic (7) symbols (8) Chinatown (9) consequence (10) relationship Task 6 I went to Beijing with a tour group.Objective: Ss can make a conversation as required.Steps:• Ask Ss to form a pair.• Ask Ss to spend several minutes preparing for the conversation.• Ss present their conversations to the class.• Ts give necessary guidelines and help to Ss. Ts may invite three or four pairs to do the class presentation. If time doesn’t permit, assign the task as after-class assignments.Assignments1. Review what has been learned in Listening & Speaking;2. Preview Reading A in this unit.世纪英语综合教程II（第五版）教案授课主要内容Unit One Traveling Around (3rd and 4th hours)Reading APreliminary StageSteps:• Ask Ss to make pre-reading of Reading A;• Ask Ss to answer some questions concerning the theme of the reading, for example: What will the writer do to the experiences he got from different people in his travel? What will the writer keep doing till his last day? Why does the writer say he is lucky in his travel? Why does the writer consider Anna as being liberated and happy? What has the writer learned from Anna?• Ts introduce some necessary background information about the Reading.Reading text learning1. New words and expressionsObjective: Ss can read the new words and expressions correctly; remember these new words and expressions.Steps:• Ss listen to the new words and expressions.• Ask Ss to read the new words and expressions.2. Reading Text AObjective: Ss can understand the reading text, put it into good Chinese and grasp the important words, phrases and sentence patterns in the reading text.Steps:• Ts explain the reading text:Language points:Paragraph 6out of touch: not in regular communication with; not having information aboute.g. If we correspond regularly we will not be out of touch.Tom and Mary has been out of touch since they left college.be in touch with/keep in touch withe.g. We always keep in close touch with each other.contact n. touching or communicating; coming togethere.g. We are in contact with that international corporate.We can learn much by being brought into contact with other minds.Paragraph 7keep in mind: bear in mind; remember sth.e.g. Keep in mind that diligence is the key to learning English well.The teacher asked us to keep these grammar rules in mind.Paragraph 8come across: find or meet sb./sth. by chancee.g. I came across this old vase in a curio shop.In that misty morning, he came across a nice girl.Paragraph 9be reluctant to: be unwilling to; be disinclined; offering resistancee.g. He seems reluctant to help us.Mr. Green was reluctant to go to the supermarket because it was raining hard.Paragraph 10encounter n. sudden or unexpected meetinge.g. I had a frightening encounter with a snake when I had a walk in the woods.We still remember our first encounter with the hostile locals in that strange country.vt. meet sb. unexpectedly; find oneself faced by (danger, difficulty, etc)e.g. John encountered a robber when he went back home from work.It is inevitable to encounter difficulties in our English learning.Paragraph 11extent n. 1) degreee.g. To what extent do you understand the text?2) to a certain extent: partly; somewhate.g. If most of you fail in the exam, I think the teacher should to a certain extent take the responsibility.3) length; area; rangee.g. From the hill we can see the full extent of the park.I was amazed at the extent of his knowledge.alter vt. make or become different; change in character, appearance, etc.e.g. The ship is altering its course.These clothes are too large. They must be altered.course n. forward movement in space or timee.g. Are you able to figure out the course of events?Everybody will experience the course of life from cradle to grave.in course of: in process ofe.g. The subway is in course of construction.in the course of: duringe.g. In the course of our conversation, the phone rang.Paragraph 12befriend vt. make a friend of; be kind and helpful toe.g. He expressed his hope to befriend Tom and me.Anyone who wants to befriend me may enter my We-chat.Paragraph 14liberate vt. set freee.g. The long talk liberated the minds of the two man from prejudice.After the Civil War, a lot of black slaves were liberated.concrete a. 1) existing in material form; that can be touched, felt, etc.e.g. A lamps is concrete but its brightness is abstract.The song is in concrete music, that is, it is composed of re-arranged recorded natural sounds.2) definite; positivee.g. There is a concrete evidence that he was at the spot when the murder happened.Can you give us a concrete suggestion?n. building material made by mixing cement with sand, gravel, etc.e.g. The room has concrete walls.Paragraph 16philosophy n. 1) the search for knowledge, especially the nature and meaning of existencee.g. He specialized in moral philosophy when he was in Harvard.2) system of thought resulting from such a search for knowledgee.g. Don’t be a person without a philosophy.genuine a. true; really what it is said to bee.g. It is a genuine picture of Zhang Daqian.If you can show me the document bearing your father’s genuine signature, I’ll give it to you. Chinese translation of the reading text:时间太少，要看要做的事情太多1. 我曾和利兹的的士司机进行过交谈。
世纪商务英语听说教程专业篇II第五版 (5)
Extremely quickly.
4. What benefit will Bob Wilson get if he places a large order at the exhibition? A possibility of a discount.
Active Listening
Section A
Warming Up
3. Pair work. Make a dialogue between a visitor and an exhibitor. Pay attention to the good manners at a trade fair.
Active Listening
At a Trade Fair
to the booth by 90%. ( F ) 4. The training workshop is to attract buyers before the show. ( F ) 5. The passage is most probably taken from a newspaper.
Task One Listen to the recording and answer the following questions.
5. What will they do next?
Have a business talk with the sales manager.
Active Listening
waste valuable time never do business
2. What does Alice’s company trade in? Mobile phones.
Active Listening
世纪商务英语综合教程专业篇II unit5
and planning commissions.
With the increasingly complicated international and domestic economic situations, the various regions are making all-out efforts to improve their economies. And the change in the country’s economic structure shows that the gap of the economic development among different regions is gradually diminished. According to the experts, those less developed regions will be on the top of the list in the future, as they do play an important role in the country’s economic development. Big cities and economic regions will also start to play their roles in narrowing the gap and keep the economy developing at a sustainable pace.
already established a place for itself in universal curricula, in international economic conferences, in learned economic journals and in the thinking of policy-making institutions
世纪商务英语阅读专业篇II第五版 (3)
Reading Skill Focus
I. Read the following news and discuss the questions.
China and the United States will hold their annual meeting to discuss business ties and trade issues next week, Foreign Ministry spokesman Hong Lei said on 13th Dec., 2013. Chinese Vice Premier Wang Yang, U.S. Secretary of Commerce Penny Pritzker and Trade Representative Michael Froman will co-chair the meeting, Hong told a regular briefing. The 24th Session of China-U.S. Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade (JCCT) was slated for Dec. 19-20 in Beijing. The JCCT was launched in 1983 as a platform for the two countries to promote trade and address issues of mutual concern.
5. What kind of role does China play in the international trade?
Omitted.
ReadinΒιβλιοθήκη Skill FocusII. Match the English phrases to the Chinese equivalents. ( E ) 1. economic trend ( A ) 2. European Free Trade Area ( B ) 3. floating rate ( H ) 4. balance of trade A. 欧洲贸易区 B. 浮动汇率 C. 跨国公司 D. 交易磋商
世纪商务英语综合教程第五版基础篇翻译题
TranslationUnit1:Language for Business1.九寨沟以其自然美景吸引了众多旅游者。
（natural beauty）Eg: Jiuzhaigou has capitalized on（利用）its natural beauty to attract lots of tourists.2.你应该利用你的经验，获得报酬更高的工作。
（higher payment）Eg: You should capitalize on your experience to get the job with higher payment.3.这家公司利用优越的地理位置拓展了海外市场。
（geographic position）Eg:This firm expanded the Overseas market（拓展海外市场）by capitalizing on their advantageous geographic position.4.我们要申请商标注册。
（apply for申请）Eg:We’d like to apply for the registration of our trademarks.5.如果你英语口语好,你应在这家美国公司找一份工作。
（have a good command of掌握）Eg:If you have a good command of oral English, you should find a job in this American company.6.在明天的求职面试中你应与面试者保持眼神交流以表示你的自信。
（job interview）Eg:You need to maintain eye contact（保持眼神交流）with the interviewer to show your confidence（展现你的自信）in the job interview tomorrow.7.我们将利用我们的优势卖给出价最高、最好的人。
新世纪英语专业综合英语第二册unit8课件
Book 4 Unit 8教案Focus on Global Warning1.Teaching ObjectivesTo help the studentsA.To get students know the causes and effects of global warming so as to improve theirawareness of environmental protection for survival.B.To understand the purpose of writing and organization of the text.C.To reinforce some basic linguistic knowledge by doing various types of exercises2. Lead-in Questions2.1. What do you know about global warming? What is the cause of global warming?Global warming is caused by an increased emission of greenhouse gases which results from fuels, industry, and agricultural processes caused by human and nature.2.2 What do you think greenhouse gases do?They trap the heat of the sun and cause the gradual rise in temperature of the earth’s atmosphere, which means greenhouse effect.2.3 What changes could the greenhouse effect create in the Earth’s climate?A slight increase in heat and rain in equatorial regions would likely spark an increase invector-borne diseases such as malaria. Even a moderate rise in sea level could threaten the coastlines of low-lying islands such as Maldives.3. Global Reading3.1 About the textThis text is to curb increasing global warming which is one of the most urgent tasks in environmental protection and is no longer confined to the interest of academic research. The text addresses the issue from three perspectives---the general public concern,its causes and consequences, and practical actions to tackle the problem.3.2 Structure of the textPart I (par. 1-2): The author tells how global warming has become a matter of increasing public concern.Part II (pars. 3-7): It tells us the serious situation of global warming with detailed facts and the horrible results of continuing global warming.Part III (pars. 8-10): The author puts forward some suggestions on what to be done.PartⅣ(par. 11): The author invites the participation of everybody to combat global warming and to “make a real difference”.4. Detailed Analysis4.1 Part 1 (Pars.1-2)Q1. Why have people shown increasing concern about global warming? (Paragraph 1-2) The answer lies in the second paragraph: it is a harbinger of what is to come—the threat to low-lying nations, change of rain and drought patterns, frequent hurricanes and intense EL Nino.peruse v. read through carefullye.g. Please peruse this report at your leisure.Comparison:skip v. to leave out sth. that would normally be the next thing that you would do, read, etc.e.g. You can skip the next chapter if you have covered the topic in class.skip it: used to tell sb. rudely that you do not want to talk about sth. or repeat what you have said.periodical n.a regularly published magazine, esp. one of a serious kind published at regular intervals.e.g. The quarterly magazine is a periodical published every three months.Comparison:magazine n. a type of large thin book with a paper cover that you can buy every week or month, often on a particular topice.g. She sued the magazine for defamation of her charactersection n. sth. or a group of things, that forms part of a larger groupe.g. A section of the city was destroyed during a war.Comparison:part n. some but not all of a thinge.g. We spent part of the time in the museum.the best/better part of sth.: most of sth., especially a period of time; more than half of sth.abstract n. short piece of writing that summarizes the main points of an article, speech, document, etc.e.g. He made an abstract of a long article.hardcore a. (often derogate.贬义) very strongly following a particular belief.e.g. Hardcore gamers constitute one of the most idiosyncratic communities on the Net.journal n. a serious magazine, usu. produced by a specialist society.e.g. He got a job as editor of a trade journal.Comparison:magazine n. a type of large thin book with a paper cover that you can buy every week or month, often on a particular topice.g. I picked up a magazine and flicked through it.the Wall Street Journal: a famous newspaper in USAblurb n. a short description of the contents of a book printed on the cover or in the advertisemente.g. In the blurb I couldn't see anything about thinking at all.esoteric a. known only by a few peoplee.g. Some words are really too esoteric for this dictionary.How we regulate insurance is not an esoteric issue.geopolitical a. of or relating to politics, esp. international relations, as influenced by geographical factorse.g.Hungary and Poland have suffered before because of their unfortunate geopoliticalposition on the European map.attest v. demonstratee.g.The perfection of their design is attested by the fact that they have survived for thousands ofyears.consciousness n. the condition of being awake and understanding what is happeninge.g. The wounded soldier opened his eyes once, but lost consciousness again immediately. microwave n. a machine that cooks food very quickly, using electric waves instead of heate.g. Reheat the soup in the microwave.deserve v. be worth ofe.g. He has been so awful that he deserves whatever he gets.The money is only given to the most deserving cases---to people who need it most. Derivation:deserving a. that deserves help, praise, a reward, etcwith the exception of except, not includinge.g. I think every student, with the possible exception of Fauzi, will pass the exam.asteroid n. any one of many small planets between Mars and Jupitere.g. There are many small planets between Mars and Jupiter.threat n. a strong possibility that sth. very bad will happene.g. The concentration of too many jobless illegal immigrants was regarded by the residents of the community as a possible threat to their securityDerivation:threaten v. to say that you will cause trouble, hurt sb., etc. if you do not get what you want threatening a. expressing a threat of harm or violencespew v. flow out or make sth. flow out with a lot of forcee.g. Leaking oil spewed from the tanker.Comparison:spout v. to send out sth., especially a liquid, in a stream with great forcee.g. The wound was still spouting blood.spout (off/on) (about sth.): to speak a lot about sthgreenhouse n. a glass building used for growing plants that need to be protected from the weathere.g. The tomatoes were grown in the greenhouse.harbinger n. a sign that shows that sth. is going to happen soon, often sth. bade.g. The thing is a harbinger of his failure.curb v. stop sth. that is harmfule.g. A man must decide either curb to his appetites or to surrender to them.emission n. the act of sending forth; gas that is sent to aire.g. The government is pledged to clean up industrial emissions.low-lying a. (of land) not much above the level of the seae.g. Sea walls collapsed, and low-lying areas were flooded.Comparison:nether a. lowere.g. He’s between the upper and nether millstone.low-level: close to the groundawash a. (not before noun) covered or flooded with water esp. seawater or raine.g. The ship's deck was awash in the storm.The low-lying areas are awash with water after a hurricanes.Collocation:awash with sth. having sth. In large quantitiese.g. The city is awash with drugs.hurricane n. a violent storm with extremely strong winds and heavy raine.g. This movement carried all before it like a hurricane.comparison:tornado n. a violent storm with very strong winds which move in a circlee.g. A tornado whirled into the town last week.hurricane lamp: a type of lamp with glass sides to protect the flame inside from the windSentence Paraphrase:1) As an Internet search on global warming now attests, the subject has become as rooted in ourpublic consciousness as Madonna or microwave cooking. (Paragraph 1)Paraphrase: An Internet search on global warming proves that the subject has got fixed in people’s mind, just like Madonna or microwave cooking.2) With the possible exception of another world war, a giant asteroid, or an incurable plague,global warming may be the single largest threat to our planet. (Paragraph 2)Paraphrase: Global warming will probably be the most serious threat to our Earth, if we do not take into account some other possible incidents, such as another world war, collision of our Earth with some large orbiting planets, or spread of incurable diseases.Summary of Part 1:These two paragraphs（1-2）make up the first part, which serves as the introduction to the whole passage. In this part the author mentions how global warming, which used to be a topic of academic journals, has become a matter of increasing public concern.4.2 Part 2 (pars. 3-7)Q1. Where do these greenhouse gases come from? (Paragraph3)We can include emission of carbon dioxides from our power plants and cars, production of methane from our trash decomposition and cattle-breeding, and release of nitrogen oxide from our fertilizers.concentration n. the relative amount of a particular substance within a solution or mixture or in a particular volume of spacee.g. The pesticide has reached a dangerous concentration in the lake water.gasoline n. petrol; a liquid used for producing power in car enginese.g.There is still some gasoline left in the tank.spit out make sth. flow out suddenly or violentlye.g. The nurse told the child to spit out the stone.Comparison:disgorge v. to pour sth. out in large quantitiese.g. The pipe disgorges sewage into the sea.pour sth. out: to serve a drink by letting it flow from a container into a cup or glasscarbon dioxide: a colorless, odorless gas produced by burning carbon and organic compounds e.g.Carbon dioxide is the largest contributor to the greenhouse effect.methane n. a colorless, odorless flammable gas which is the main constituent of natural gaspounds such as methane can be cleaved to carbon and hydrogen.trash n. sth. of extremely low quality or valuee.g. Pop music doesn’t have to be trash, it can be art.Comparison:litter n. small pieces of rubbish such as paper that people have left lying in a public placee.g. There will be fines for people who drop litter.litter lout : a person who leaves litter in public placesdecompose v. (cause to) decaye.g. The eggs began to decompose after a day in the sun.Most animals decompose very quickly after death.Collocation:decompose (sth.) (into sth.) : to divide sth. into smaller partsDerivation:decomposition n. the process of decomposinglandfill n. a large deep hole in which large quantities of rubbish are disposed ofe.g.Environmentalists say there is a high risk of pollution from the landfill site.breed v. develop (a variety of animals or plants) for a particular purpose or qualitye.g. Many animals breed only at certain times of the year.belch v. send out gas noisily from the stomach through the mouthe.g. He wiped his hand across his mouth, then belched loudly.Comparison:burp v. to let out air from the stomach through the mouth, making a noisee.g. Charlie burped loudlyfertilizer n. any substance to make the soil more productivee.g.artificial/chemical fertilizersnitrogen n. the chemical element of atomic number 7, a colourless, odourless, unreactive gas that forms about 78 percent of the Earth’s atmospherenitrogen oxide a binary compound of oxygen with nitrogene.g. The discharge amount of nitrogen oxide can reduce 30%.Summary:As the beginning of the second part (3-7), this paragraph introduces a number of causes that lead to the rising concentration of greenhouse gases.IPCC was established in 1988, which is open to all members of the UNEP and WMO. The role ofthe IPCC is to assess the scientific technical and socio-economic information relevant for the understanding of the risk of human-induced climate change. It does not carry out research, nor does it monitor climate-related data or other relevant parameters. It bases its assessment mainly on peer reviewed and published scientific/technical literature.The Industrial Revolution : the change in social and economic organization resulting from the replacement of hand tools by machines and development of large-scale industrial production in Britain in the late 18th and 19th centuries.Q2: How does the rising concentration of greenhouse gases cause the change in climate?（Paragraph 4）The rising concentration of greenhouse gases, which is primarily caused by high levels of carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere, is trapping excess heat (from the sun) and preventing it from leaving the Earth, hence creating global warming.paleoclimate n. a climate prevalent at a particular time in the geological paste.g. Pollen analysis helped to find out the paleoclimate information.fossil n.1) remains of an animal or plant that lived thousands of years ago, or its shape preserved in rocke.g. At this distance of time it is difficult to date the fossil.2) an old person, especially one who is unable to accept new ideas or adapt to changese.g. The man is a fossil.abundant a. more than enoughe.g. There is abundant evidence of continuing racial prejudice in societyDerivation:abundance n. a large quantity that is more than enoughe.g. The country has an abundance of skilled workers, but not enough jobs.Collocation:in abundance: in large quantitiesthermal a. (only before noun)of or caused by heate.g. They will build another thermal power station.thermals n.[pl.] (especially BrE) warm underwear that prevents heat from escaping from the body radiation n. energy in the form of heat or light sent out as beams that you cannot seee.g. In the accident, the workers received a heavy dose of radiation.Comparison:radiator n. a hollow metal device for heating roomse.g. There is a central heating system with a radiator in each room.radiation therapy: the treatment of cancer and other diseases using radiationin essence: what is the most important feature of sth.e.g.What is she saying, in essence, is that the law does not protect against this type of abuse excess a. more than is usual or allowede.g. Excess food is stored as fat.excess baggage: bags, cases, etc. taken on to a plane that weigh more than the amount each passenger is allowed to carry without paying extrawindshield n. the glass window of a car or other vehicle at the front through which the driverlookse.g. A sheet of frost covers the windshield.roughly ad. almost, approximatelye.g. There are, roughly speaking, three possible solutions to our problem.recession n. (of water, glacier, etc.) the process of moving back from an area that it was coveringe.g.A rise in interest rates plunged Britain deeper into recession.Summary:Paragraph 4 explains how the rising concentration of greenhouse gases results in climate change. To support his explanation, the author cites some records and information from the IPCC and paleoclimatic readings.speculate v. to form an opinion about sth. without knowing all the details or factse.g. On the way home, they’d speculate and wonder about the treasure.Comparison:guess v. to try and give an answer or make a judgment about sth. without being sure of all the facts e.g. I don’t really know. I’m just guessing.keep sb. guessing : to not tell sb. about your plans or what is going to happen nextresult in have as a result, lead to, causee.g.A minimal error or deviation may result in wide divergence.latitude n. the angular distance of a place north or south of the earth’s equator, usu. expressed in degreese.g.The latitude of the island is 20 degrees south.hemisphere n.1) a half of the Earth, especially the half above or below the EQUA TORe.g.This animal is to be found only in the Southern Hemisphere.2) either half of the braine.g. the left/right cerebral hemisphereexceed v.1) be greater than, as in quantity or degreee.g. The sales exceeded my expectation.2) to do more than the law or an order, etc. allow you to doe.g. He was taken to the police box for exceeding the speed limit.fund n. amount of money that are available to be spent, esp. that is given to an organization for a particular purpose.e.g. They are raising funds for a new laboratory.Congress has cut back on the funds for the program.They have spent their scarce funds on expensive housingfend v.1) to defend oneself from a blow, attack, or attackere.g. He managed to fend off the attacker with a stick.2) to protect yourself from difficult questions, criticisms, etc., especially by avoiding theme.g. She managed to fend off questions about new tax increases.equatorial a. near or at the equatore.g. Too much rain is the problem of the equatorial lands in the Amazon and Congo basins.This country has an equatorial climate.spark v. stimulate or activatee.g. The proposal would spark a storm of protest around the country.Comparison:flash v. to shine very brightly for a short timee.g. Lightning flashed in the distance.flash sth. around: to show sth. to other people in order to impress them.vector n. an insect that causes disease by carrying a germ of parasite from one person to anothere.g. People should pay attention to the vector which can cause disease.malaria n. a disease common in hot countries that is often spread by mosquitoese.g.Malaria is a kind of serious malady.moderate a. neither very great nor very small in strength or degreee.g. He became the official mouthpiece of the moderate leadership.Comparison:temperate a. behaving in a calm and controlled waye.g. He is temperate in his habits.moderator: a person whose job is to help the two sides in a dispute to reach an agreement coastline n. the edge of the coast; the land along a coast, especially when you are thinking of its shape or appearancee.g. We should protect the coastline from oil spillage.Maldives n. a republic consisting of over a thousand coral islands in the Indian Ocean, southwest of Sri Lankae.g.Diving in the Maldives have to issue a PADI diving licenseheatstroke n. a sometimes severe condition of fever and weakness caused by too much heate.g. You should be careful not to heatstroke when traveling in summer.vulnerable a. weak and easily affected by illnesse.g. People with high blood pressure are especially vulnerable to diabetes.ozone n. a poisonous blue gas that is a type of oxygene.g. They will press for international action to safeguard the ozone layer.ozone hole : an area in the ozone layer where the amount of ozone has been very much reduced so that harmful rays from the sun can pass through itozone layer: a layer of ozone high above the earth’s surface that helps to protect the earth from the sun’s harmful raysperilous a. very dangerouse.g. The journey through the jungle was perilous.Comparison:risky a. involving the possibility of sth. bad happeninge.g. Investing in airlines is a very risky business.do sth. at your (own) peril: used to warn sb. that if they do sth. it may be dangerous or cause them problemsadmission n. permission to enter [U] [C] [(+ to/into)]e.g. She has the qualifications for admission to the college.The cinema owners have the right to refuse admission to anyone under seventeen years of age.respiratory a. connected with breathinge.g. The old man suffers from respiratory diseases.Comparison:breathable a. allowing air to pass throughe.g. Breathable, waterproof clothing is essential for most outdoor sportsbreathalyzer: a device used by the police to measure the amount of alcohol in a driver’s breath Sentence Paraphrase:As far as human health is concerned, those hit hardest will probably be residents of poorer countries that do not have the funds to fend against changes in climate. (Paragraph 7) Paraphrase: In terms of human health, it is those who live in the poorer countries that will suffer most, because they do not have money to protect themselves against climate changes.Complete the following table by matching damages or diseases with climate changes: (ParagraphIn Paragraph 6 the author depicts the variation of climate changes in different geographic areas. Then in Paragraph 7 he pinpoints one of the consequences of global warming: the threat to human health. Many health problems would occur according to the degrees of climate change varying from slight increase in heat and rain to intense rain and hurricanes.4.3 Part 3 (pars.8-10)Q3. What are the immediate actions that we should take? (Paragraph 8)We should take such immediate actions as a) cutting our consumption of fossil fuels, b) using technologies to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, and c) protecting our forests.Q4: What does “adapt to those most likely to occur” mean? (Paragraph 9)It means “do things to get ourselves prepared for the situations that are most likely to occur.”Q5: What are the long-term policies that should be worked out? (Paragraph 10) We should encourage people to use environmentally clean fuels and technologies, and stop the clear-cutting of forests.take action: begin to acte.g. We have to take action to stop them.The government was already taking action to stop the strike.The medicine will not take action for two hours.result from: happen as a result ofe.g. Culture shock is caused by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar sign andsymbol of social intercourse.Nothing will result from their airy plans.These two phrases are kind of opposites; we use result from to express the cause and result in to express the result.result in = lead to result from = because ofFor examples：Tom's lie resulted from his lack of confidence.Tom's lie resulted in his dismissal from his job.Exercise :Hard work result in his success.His success result from hard work.release v. let a substance spread into atmosphere, esp. as part of a chemical reactione.g. Oxygen from the water is released into the atmosphere.Cooing the grain will release the starch from the outside coating.particle n. an extremely small piece or amount of sth.e.g. There is not a particle of truth in what you said.molecule n. the smallest amount of a chemical substance which can exist by itselfe.g. A molecule of water consists of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen. deforestation n. the progress of removing the trees from an area of lande.g. One percent of Brazil's total forest cover is being lost every year to deforestation consumption n. the action of using up a resourcee.g. Consumption of oil has declined in recent years.The meat was condemned as unfit for human consumptionmitigate v. make an unpleasant situation or its effect less serious and less difficult to beare.g. Do our successes mitigate our failures?Comparison:relieve v. to remove or reduce an unpleasant feeling or paine.g. Being able to tell the truth at last seemed to relieve her.relieve yourself: a polite way of referring to going to the toiletimpact n. a strong influence or effect produced by an idea invention, etc.e.g.The computer had made a great impact on modernlife.adapt to: change in order to deal with a new situation.e.g. We want the imagination necessary to better adapt to changes in circumstance.advocate v. support [+n/v-ing]e.g. Some extremists are now openly advocating violence.n. [C] supporter [(+of)]e.g. They are advocates of free trade.combat v. fight (against)e.g. The president emphasized the importance of combating international terrorism. alternative a. other, different from the usuale.g. Electricity companies were criticized for failing to develop alternative energy sources.4.4 Part 4 (par.11)The last paragraph (11) is the conclusion in which the author invites the participation of everybody to combat global warming and to “make a real difference.”5. Grammar Work1) The present perfect tense vs. the simple past tense2) Connectives (because, as, since, seeing that, for, because of)6. Drills on Language Skills7.1 Drills on vocabulary and grammar7.2 Drills on listening and speaking7.3 Drills on translation and writing7.4 Drills on reading7. Emphasis and difficultiesEmphasisA. Usages of the key words and expressionsB. Usages of The present perfect tense vs. the simple past tense and Connectives (because,as, since, seeing that, for, because of)C. Paragraph development---grouping details;DifficultiesA. Some difficult sentence.B. The use of nonfinite clauses, personal pronouns;8. ReferencesA. Random House.Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dic of English Language. Grameercy,New York.1994B. M.H. Abrams, ed. The Norton Anthology of English literature, Sixth Edition. New York,London: W.W.Norton&Company.1962.。
新世纪英语专业综合英语第二册unit8课后练习答案
Unit 8Text comprehensionI. Decide which of the following best states the author’s purpose of writing.AII. Judge, according to the text, whether the following statements are true or false.1.T2. T3. F4. F5. FIII. Answer the following questions.1.The answer to this question can be found in Paragraph2. People’s concern for global warmingis based on fear of low-lying nations being awash in seawater, frequent hurricanes and change of rain and drought patterns.2.Refer to Paragraph3. Humans are responsible for the rising concentration of greenhouse gasesfor the emission of carbon dioxide from their power plants and cars, the decomposition of their trash, their breeding of cattle and use of fertilizers.3.The concentration of greenhouse gases traps excessive heat and prevents it leaving the Earth,hence the global warming.4.The change of climate would bring disastrous consequences to humans. An increase in heatand rain would cause more diseases in equatorial regions. More intense rains would bring about severe flooding and more deaths. And even moderate rise in sea level could threaten the low-lying islands and nations. Besides, high temperature could lead to more cases of deaths from heart disease and respiratory problems.5. A number of actions should be taken. In the short term, we should reduce the emission ofheat-trapping gases and mitigate the impact of global warming through careful planning. In the long term, we should adopt policies that encourage the use of alternative and clean fuels, and stop deforestations.IV. Explain in your own words the following sentences.1.Global warming will probably be the most serious threat to our Earth, if we do not take intoaccount of some other possible disasters, such as another world war, collision of our Earth with some small orbiting planet, or spread of incurable diseases.2.In terms of human health, it is those who live in the poorer countries who will suffer most,because they do not have money to protect themselves as climate changes.VocabularyI. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.1. except, apart from2. essentially, basically3. whenever it is possible4. over a long period5. different, replacementII. Fill the blank in each sentence with a word taken from the box in its appropriate form. 1. focus 2. much the same 3. consciousness 4. threat 5. deserved 6. decomposed 7. revealed 8. frequentIII. Fill the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.1. perusal2. intensified3. excessive4. speculative5. abundance6. inclusive7. emits8. locally IV. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part in each sentence without changing its original meaning.1. A2. D3. B4. C5. D6. A7. C8. AV. Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.1. mainly, basically, firstly2. unfortunately, unluckily3. exclude4. part, division5. decrease, lowering6. unavailable7. weak, insecure, unsafe8. irresponsibleVI. Write in each space one word that has the same prefix as underlined in each given word.1. centimeter2. kilometer3. synthetic4. superior5. submerge6. astronomy7. microwave8. overloadGrammarI. Complete the following sentences using the appropriate verb forms.1. began; have had2. Have; talked; have talked; talked3. has invented4. have telephoned; went5. have been6. has got/ has gotten7. has been8. have forgotten9. has gone; did he go10. was; has disappearedII. Make sentences using the time adverbials given.The answers are open. We use the simple past when the time adverbial specifies a particular time in the past. We use the present perfect when the time adverbial indicates the duration of an event or state.III. Compare the following pairs of sentences and explain the difference.1. a. The verb here is in simple present form. “Has got” signals stative possession. “Got” is oftenomitted in written style. b. “Has gotten” means “has obtained” and conveys the sense of an accomplishment.1. a. It reflects the speaker’s point of view. The speaker just heard the news and wants to know ifthe listener just heard it too. b. This sentence is spoken more likely with the listener’s perspective in mind (i.e. the listener has just heard the news).2. a. It is a definite query about a past event. b. It is a question about an indefinite past event.3. a. It conveys the sense that he is still suffering from the pain. b. It refers to a past event thathas no present relevance.4. a. Jim’s is in Italy now or he is on his way there. b. Jim has now left Italy.5. a. It is in the morning that the speaker asks the question. b. It is in the afternoon or eveningthat the speaker asks the question.6. a. The present perfect tense suggests that “today” is not finished at the time of speaking.Perhaps the speaker will drink more before today is finished. b. The past tense here is used to present a fact that happened today.7. a. It implies that he has passed away. b. He is still living in the village.IV. Correct the errors, where found, in the following sentences.1.have had → have2.have → been beying → lying4.bore → bear5.Rang → Rung6.rised → risen7.cleaned → clean; created → create8.the first “had” → hasIV. Fill in the blanks with because, as, since, seeing that, for or because of.1. As/Since2. because/as3.As/Since/Seeing that4. because5.because of6. As/Since7. for8. as/because9. because of 10. forVI. Make sentences of your own after the sentences given below, keeping the parts in italics in your sentences.1. e.g. I’ve no complaint. As far as I’m concerned, everything was perfect.I don’t enjoy traveling, I’m afraid. As far as I am concerned, it would just be a waste of money.2. e.g. According to the continental theory, the surface of the Earth is like the cracked shell of a soft-boiled egg.According to the recent polls, sixty to seventy percent of Americans consider themselves to be moderately happy and one in twenty persons feels very unhappy.TranslationI. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1. 到因特网上查一查就可以证明，全球变暖这个主题在公众意识中已经和麦当娜和微波炉一样根深蒂固了。