广东财经大学考研历年初试真题之 613普通语言学2009--2015年考研真题
2014年广东财经大学考研真题613普通语言学硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷
欢迎报考广东财经大学硕士研究生，祝你考试成功！（第 1 页共 1 页）广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试年度：2014年 考试科目代码及名称：613-普通语言学适用专业：050201 英语语言文学［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］一、名词解释（10题，每题3分，共30分）1. pragmatics2. diachronic linguistics3. allophones4. morpheme5. cohesion6. cognitive linguistics7. hyponymy 8. contrastive analysis9. American structuralism 10. Language Acquisition Device (LAD)二、判断题（5题，每题8分，共40分）1. The Cooperative Principle, an important pragmatic principle proposed by P. Grice, aims to explain how we mean more than we say.2. Phonetics studies the rules governing the structure, distribution, and sequencing of speech sounds and the shape of syllables.3. [m] is a “bilabial lateral”, [j] a “palatal approximant”, and [h] a “glottal fricative”.4. Relevance is a matter of degree. The larger effect produced, the greater the relevance; the smaller effort cost, the greater the relevance.5. Exocentric construction is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent to that of one or more of its constituents, i.e., a word or a group of words, which serves as a definable centre or head.三、简答题（5题，每题8分，共40分）1. What is the major difference between Saussure’s distinction between langue and parole and Chomsky’s distinction between competence and performance?2. Divide the following words into Roots, IA (inflectional affix) and/or DA (derivational affix).e.g. transformations: trans (DA)- form (Root) –ation (DA) -s (IA)1) unconscious2) earthquakes 3) misled 4) geese3. Distinguish the two possible meanings of “more complicated examinations” by means of IC analysis.4. Draw a tree diagram according to PS rules to show the deep structure of the sentence: The kid broke a vase yesterday.5. Which of the Conversational Maxims is being violated in the following conversation?A: So you like icecream. What are your favourite flavours?B: Hamburger … fish and chips.四、论述题（2题，每题20分，共40分）1. What are the main differences between pragmatics and semantics?2. Explain the following remark with examples or make some comments:Each language articulates or organises the world differently. Languages do not simply name existing categories; they articulate their own.1。
广东财经大学经济学基础2009--2019年考研真题
欢迎报考广东财经大学硕士研究生，祝你考试成功！（第 1 页共 16 页）
广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷
考试年度：2019年考试科目代码及名称：801-经济学基础(自命题)适用专业：020201国民经济学、020202区域经济学、020203财政学、020204金融学、020205产业经济学、020206国际贸易学、020209 数量经济学、027000统计学
［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］
一、名词解释（6题，每题5分，共30分）
1.需求函数
2.交易成本
3.边际效用递减规律
4.存款准备金
5.资本边际效率
6.经济增长
二、简答题（6题，每题10分，共60分）
1.决定投资的因素。
2.资源配置方式的种类及经济效率较高的种类？
3.需求价格弹性包括哪些类别。
4.垄断竞争市场的条件。
5.利润最大化原则。
6.经济政策的目标。
三、论述题（2题，每题30分，共60分）
1.经济增长的影响因素及促进经济增长的对策。
2.民营经济的地位及促进民营经济发展的对策。
广东商学院硕士研究生入学考试试卷
考试年度：2009年考试科目代码及名称：801-经济学基础
适用专业：020201-国民经济学 020203-财政学 020204-金融学
020205-产业经济学 020206-国际贸易学 020208-统计学
一、名词解释（7题，每题5分，共35分）
1. 自然垄断
2. 道德风险
1。
广东财经大学英美文学2009--2015年考研真题
广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试年度：2015年考试科目代码及名称：804-英美文学适用专业：050201 英语语言文学［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］I.Explain the following literary terms. Write your answers on the answersheet. (25 points, 5 points for each.)1.Enlightenment2.Metaphysical poetry3.The theatre of the absurd4.Transcendentalism5.Dramatic monologueII.For each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the statement. (20 points, 1 point for each)1._____ can be justly termed England’s national epic, and its most striking featureis the use of ____.A.Cynewulf, alliterationB.Beowulf, alliterationC.Sir Gawain and the Green Knight,D.Robin Hood, rhymerhyme2. The 18th century sees the birth of the greatest satirist in English literature: .His masterpiece , comprises the extraordinary adventures of an Englishman, descriptions of fantastic lands visited by him, and their social systems and is always regarded as a bitter sarcasm and deadly irony of the contemporary England.A. Samuel Johnson, Gulliver’s TravelsB. Alexander Pope, The Rape of theLockC. Daniel Defoe, Robinson CrusoeD. Jonathan Swift, Gulliver’s Travels3. Which of the following works is NOT considered as William Shakespeare’s fourgreat tragedies?A. King LearB. Romeo and JulietC. MacbethD. Othello4. , Byron’s greatest work, was written in the prime of his creative powerand still remained unfinished when the poet’s life was ended by a romantic and generous death.A. Don JuanB. GiaourC. Childe Harold’s PilgrimageD. Manfred5. The publication of in 1798—the joint work of William Wordsworthand________—marked the break with the conventional poetical tradition of the 18th century, i.e. with classicism.A. Lyrical Ballads, Robert SoutheyB.The Prelude, Samuel TaylorColeridgeC.Lyrical Ballads, Samuel Taylor ColeridgeD. Biographia Literaria, Samuel Taylor Coleridge6. William Makepeace Thackeray’s masterpiece is , and the title of the novel is taken from Bunyan’s greatest work .A. Vanity Fair, Paradise RegainedB. Vanity Fair, Pilgrim’s ProgressC. Vanity Fair, Samson AgonistesD. The Book of Snobs, Pilgrim’sProgress7. established himself both as a writer and as a spokesman for the school of “Art for Art’s Sake.”A. Thomas GrayB. Charles LambC. Oscar WildeD. Walter Scott8. __________, written by P. B. Shelley’s wife, Mary Shelley, is regarded the best of its kind, ______, in the 19th century England.A. Prometheus Unbound, Gothic novelB. Frankenstein, Realistic novelC. Adonis, Romantic novelD. Frankenstein, Gothic novel9. “April is the cruellest month, breeding / Lilacs out of the dead land, mixing / Memory and desire, stirring / Dull roots with spring rain.” These lines are taken from T. S. Eliot’s modern classic poem_______, which remind us the opening lines of the “General Prologue” in The Canterbury Tales by the greatest literary figure_______ in 14th century England.A. Four Quartets, Geoffrey ChaucerB. The Waste Land, Geoffrey ChaucerC. Hollow Man, Edmund SpencerD. The Waste Land, John Milton10. Joseph Conrad’s _________ is central to the evolution of what is called postcolonial fiction, and says something that only said in a novel: A historian looking at European colonialism will arrive at historical judgments.A. Heart of DarknessB. NostromoC. Lord JimD. Typhoon11._________, with his famous poem, “Annabel Lee”, justified his poetic idea that the death of a beautiful woman, is “unquestionably, the most poetical topic in the world”.A. W.B. Yeats B. Edgar Allan PoeC. Ezra PoundD. W. H. Auden12. Around 1920, the American literary world rediscovered an almost forgotten book and suddenly became aware of a major American writer. The book was _______, a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in pursuit of a seemingly supernatural white whale.A. Moby-DickB. OmooC. The Last of the MohicansD. Billy Budd13. With Warner, Mark Twain collaborated on __________, a satire that gave its name to the era of corrupt materialism that followed the American Civil War.A. The Golden AgeB. The Silver AgeC. The Gilded AgeD. The Bronze Age14.________, Stephen crane’s finest literary achievement, depicts a picture of American Civil War in a naturalistic way.A. War Is KindB. The Black RidersC. The Red Badge of CourageD. The Age of Innocence15. Hemingway’s novel The Sun Also Rises, brilliantly captures his years in Paris asone of ______, a name given by the writer Gertrude Stein.A. The Beat GenerationB. The Lost GenerationC. The Angry Young MenD. The Younger Generation16. By the end of his life he had become a national bard; when he was eighty-sevenhe read his poetry at the inauguration of President John F. Kennedy. The poet is ___________.A. Ezra PoundB. T. S. EliotC. E. E. CummingsD. Robert Frost17. As a poet and as a painter, _________uses the small letters, the unconventionalsyntax, and the unusual spacing of words, to express individuality and participate in what he called “The New Art”.A. Ezra PoundB. E. E. CummingsC. William Carlos WilliamsD. Wallace Stevens18._______, an epic depiction of one dispossessed Oklahoma family’s migration toCalifornia in search a new life, written by ___________, is among the most widely read novel of 20th century.B. Of Mice and Men, John SteinbeckA. The Grape of Wrath, JohnSteinbeckC. In Our Time, Ernest HemingwayD. Light in August, William Faulkner19. Which of the following writers is NOT a Nobel Prize Winner?A. Ezra PoundB. Ernest HemingwayC. William FaulknerD. Saul Bellow20. Early in 1920s the most prominent of the new American playwrights, _______,established an international reputation with such plays as The Emperor Jones, Anna Christie and The Hairy Ape.A. Arthur MillerB. Tennessee WilliamsC. Walt WhitmanD. Eugene O’NeillIII.Matching. Find the relevant match from column B for each item in column A and put the letters on the answer sheet. (20 points, 1 point for each.)Section AColumn A Column B1.Francis Bacon A.For Whom the Bell Tolls2.John Milton B.The Legend of Sleepy Hollow3.Herman Melville C.Seize the Day4.W. B. Yeats D.A Streetcar Named Desire5.Washington Irving E.Paradise Lost6.Henry Fielding F.Sailing to Byzantium7. E. M. Forster G.Moby Dick8.Ernest Hemingway H.Advancement of Learning39.Saul Bellow I.Tom Jones10.Tennessee Williams J.Howards EndSection BColumn A Column B1.The Tempest A.Lord Henry2.Sister Carrie B.Catherine Linton3.Great Expectation C.Leopold Bloom4.Sons and Lovers D.Nick Carraway5.Native Son dy Teazle6.Wuthering Heights F.Prospero7.The Great Gatsby G.Bigger Thomas8.Ulysses H.G. W. Hurstwood9.The School for Scandal I.Mrs. Morel10.The Picture of Dorian Gray J.PipIV. Read the following pieces of selected works and answer the question followed by the passage. Write your answers on the answer sheet. (40 points, 8 points for each.)1.It is a melancholy object to those, who walk through this great town, or travel in the country, when they see the streets, the roads and cabbin-doors crowded with beggars of the female sex, followed by three, four, or six children, all in rags, and importuning every passenger for an alms. These mothers instead of being able to work for their honest livelihood, are forced to employ all their time in strolling to beg sustenance for their helpless infants who, as they grow up, either turn thieves for want of work, or leave their dear native country, to fight for the Pretender in Spain, or sell themselves to the Barbadoes.Q: This text is from Jonathan Swift’ s “A Modest Proposal”. What is Swift’s attitude toward the beggars he describes?2.My heart leaps up when I beholdA rainbow in the sky:So was it when my life began,So is it now I am a man,So be it when I shall grow oldOr let me die!The child is father of the man:And I could wish my days to beBound each to each by natural piety.Q：This is a short poem written by William Wordsworth. Please explain theunderlined lines.3.I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived. I did not wish to live what was not life, living is so dear; nor did I wish to practice resignation, unless it was quite necessary. I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow of life, to live so sturdily and Spartan-like as to put to rout all that was not life, to cut a broad swath and shave close, to drive life into a corner, and reduce it to its lowest terms, and, if it proved to be mean, why then to get the whole and genuine meanness of it, and publish its meanness to the world; or if it were sublime, to know it by experience, and be able to give a true account of it in my next excursion. For most men, it appears to me, are in a strange uncertainty about it, whether it is of the devil or of God, and have somewhat hastily concluded that it is the chief end of man here to “glorify God and enjoy him forever.”Q：This text is selected from Henry David Thoreau’s Walden, under the title “Where I Lived, and What I Lived For.” Please explain the underlined sentence.4.“Shall I?” I said briefly; and I looked at his features, beautiful in their harmony, but strangely formidable in their still severity; at his brow, commanding, but not open; at his eyes, bright and deep and searching, but never soft; at his tall imposing figure; and fancied myself in idea his wife. Oh! it would never do! As his curate, his comrade, all would be right: I would cross oceans with him in that capacity; toil under Eastern suns, in Asian deserts with him in that office; admire and emulate his courage and devotion and vigour: accommodate quietly to his masterhood; smile undisturbed at his ineradicable ambition. . . . I should suffer often, no doubt, attached to him only in this capacity: my body would be under a rather stringent yoke, but my heart and mind would be free. I should still have my unblighted self to turn to: my natural unenslaved feelings with which to communicate in moments of loneliness. There would be recesses in my mind which would be only mine, to which he never came; and sentiments growing there, fresh and sheltered, which his austerity could never blight, nor his measured warrior-march trample down: but as his wife—at his side always, and always restrained, and always checked—forced to keep the fire of my nature continually low, to compel it to burn inwardly and never utter a cry, though the imprisoned flame consumed vital after vital—this would be unendurable.Q：This passage is from Jane Eyre. It occurs in Chapter 34. St. John Rivers has just asked Jane to join him as his wife on his missionary trip to India. Please evaluate Jane’s interior conflict involved in making her decision.5.When Miss Emily Grieison died, our whole town went to her funeral: the men through a sort of respectful affection for a fallen monument, the women mostly out of curiosity to see the inside of her house, which no one save an old manservant---combined gardener and cook---had seen in at least ten years.…Alive, Miss Emily had been a tradition, a duty, and a care; a sort of hereditary obligation upon the town, dating from the day in 1894 when Colonel Sartoris, the mayor—he who lathered the edict that no Negro woman should appear on the streets without an apron—remitted her taxes, die dispensation dating from the death of her father on into perpetuity.Q：This text is from William Faulkner’s short story “A Rose for Emily”. Please explain the underlined part.V. Answer the following questions, and elaborate your opinion with examples. Write your answers on the answer sheet. (45 points, 15 points for each.)1. What are the features of Realism of Victorian novels? Elaborate them with thenovels of Victorian writers.2. State the literary achievements of T. S. Eliot, and elaborate them with his works.3. Please make a comparison between “The Angry Young Man” and “The BeatGeneration”.广东商学院硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试年度：2009年考试科目代码及名称：807-英美文学适用专业：050201-英语语言文学一、名词解释（5题，每题5分，共25分）1. theme2. symbol3. Alliteration4. plot5. genre二、选择填空（20题，每题1分，共20分）1. In the year _____ (1607, 1066, 1068, 1088), at the battle of Hastings, the Normans headed by William, Duke of Normandy, defeated the Anglo-Saxons.2. The literature of the Middle English Period was a combination of ________ (French, German, Italian, Roman ) and Anglo—Saxon elements.3. Renaissance was a great ______ (romantic, realistic, cultural, economical) and intellectual movement against feudalism and hierarchy that swept the whole Europe in the 14th century.4. It was Henry VIII who started the Protestant ________ (Reformation, Movement, Genre,School), thus Protestantism came into being.5. Edmund Spenser was the author of the greatest epic poem of the time, _______ (The Faerie Queene,The Defence of Poesie, The Forest, The Canterbury Tales).6. King James _______ (Book, Poetry, Bible, Story) is also called the Authorized Version (1611), whose simple and dignified language had a great influence on English language, literature, life.7. Chaucer died on the 25th of October, 1400, and was buried in _______ (Westminster Abbey, Oxford, Cambridge, Italy).8. The general tendency of neoclassical literature was to look at social and political life critically, to emphasize intellectual rather than imagination, the ______ (form, wisdom, effect, result) rather than the content of a sentence.9. The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement which was an expression of the bourgeoisie against ________ (capitalism, socialism, communism, feudalism).10. The rise and growth of the ______ (romantic, realistic, popular, idealistic) novel is the most significant development of the 18th century English literature.11. Paradise Lost tells how_______ (Satan, Devil, Spirit, Angels) rebelled against God and how Adam and Eve were driven out of________ (Hell, Eden, Heaven, Home).12. The Pioneers (1823) was the first novel of Cooper’s famous ___________ (“Leatherstocking Tales”, The Last of the Mohicans, the Path Finder, The Prairie) series, set in the exciting period of America’s movement westward.13.____________ (Feminism, Marxism, Criticism, Transcendentalism,) is a philosophic and literary movement that flourish in New England, as a reaction against rationalism and Calvinism. It stressed intuitive understanding of god without the help of the church, and advocated independence of the mind.14.Just as Paine’s Common Sense had unified American feeling for the Revolution, Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin(1852) united Northern feelings against_________ (slavery, slaver, slave, slavey).15.The pain of the modern _________ (Naturalism, Existentialism, Hellenism, Hedonism) was that“The world is a place where God and nature are silent”, and the universe is a “design of darkness”.16.The American West could be described “without the sense of any older civilization outside of it. The East, however, was always looking fearfully over its shoulder at__________ (Oceania, Africa, Europe, Asia).”17. During the 22 years of his literary work Shakespeare produced_______ (34, 35, 36, 37, ) plays, 2 narrative poems and _______ (154, 155,156,157) sonnets.18. _______ (Ballads, Sonnets, Poems, lyrics) are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission.19. Robinson names_______ (Monday, Tuesday, Friday, Sunday) to commemorate the day of the savage’s rescue.20. ________ (William Blake, Ben Jonson, John Donne, Robert Greene) and _______ (William Wordsworth, George Gordon Byron, Robert Burns, Alfred Tennyson) are the two poets who represented the spirit of what is usually called Pre-Romanticism.三、作家、作品与人物配对（20题，每题1分，共20分）；A B1. Thomas More a. Of Studies.2. W. Shakespeare b. Paradise Lost3. Edmund Spenser c. Utopia4. F. Bacon d. Hamlet5. J. Milton e. The Faerie Queene6. J. Bunyan f. Robinson Crusoe7. John Dryden g. Don Juan8. D. Defoe h. The Pilgim’s Progress9. J. Swift i. Alexander’s Feast10. George Gordon Byren j. Gulliver’s Travels11. Mark Twain k. Uncle Tom’s Cabin12. Walt Whitman l. A Farewell to Arms13. William Faulkner m. The Portrait of A Lady14. F. Scott Fitzgerald n. The Waste Land15. Herman Melville o.The Sound and the Fury16. Henry James p. The Grapes of Wrath17 Harriet Beecher Stowe q. The Great Gatsby18 John Steinbeck r. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer19 T. S. Eliot s. Moby-Dick20 Ernest Hemingway t. Leaves of Grass四、作品理解（5题，每题8分，共40分）Passage 1Then went the Jury out, whose names were, Mr Blindman, Mr No-good, Mr Malice, Mr Love-lust, Mr Live-loose, Mr Heady, Mr High-mind, Mr Enmity, Mr Lyar, Mr Cruelty, Mr Hate-light, and Mr Implacable; who every one gave in his private Verdict against him among themselves, and afterwards unanimously concluded to bring him in guilty before the Judge. And first among themselves, Mr Blind-man the Foreman, said, I see clearly that this man is an Heretick.Then said Mr Nogood, Away with such a fellow from the earth. Ay, said Mr Malice, for I hate the very looks of him. Then said Mr Love-lust, I could never endure him. Nor I, said Mr Live-loose, for he would always be condemning my way. Hang him, hang him, said Mr Heady. A sorry Scrub, said Mr High-mind. My heart riseth against him, said Mr Enmity. He is a Rogue, said Mr Lyar. Hanging is too good for him, said Mr Cruelty. Let us dispatch him out of the way, said Mr Hate-light. Then said Mr Implacable, Might I have all the world given me, I could not be reconciled to him; therefore let us forthwith bring him in guilty of death. And so they did; therefore he was presently condemned to be had from the place where he was, to the place from whence he came, and there to be put to the most cruel death that could be invented.They therefore brought him out, to do with him according to their Law; and first they Scourged him, then they Buffeted him, then they Lanced his flesh with Knives; after that they Stoned him with stones, then pricked him with their Swords; and last of all they burned him to ashes at the Stake. Thus came Faithful to his end.Now I saw that there stood behind the multitude a Chariot and a couple of Horses, waiting for Faithful, who (so soon as his adversaries had dispatched him) was taken up into it, and straitway was carried up through the Clouds, with sound of Trumpet, the nearest way to the Coelestial Gate. Brave Faithful, bravely done in word and deed; Judge, Witnesses, and Jury have, instead Of overcoming thee, but shewn their rage: When they are Dead, thou'lt Live from age to age.But as for Christian, he had some respite, and was remanded back to prison; so he there remained for a space: But he that over-rules all things, having the power of their rage in his own hand, so wrought it about, that Christian for that time escaped them, and went his way. And as he went he sang, saying,Well Faithful, thou hast faithfully profestUnto thy Lord; with whom thou shalt be blest,When faithless ones, with all their vain delights,Are crying out under their hellish plights:Sing, Faithful, sing, and let thy name survive;For though they kill'd thee, thou art yet alive.Now I saw in my Dream, that Christian went not forth alone, for there was one whose name was Hopeful, (being made so by the beholding of Christian and Faithful in their words and behaviour, in their sufferings at the Fair) who joined himself unto him, and entering into a brotherly covenant, told him that he would be his Companion. Thus one died to make Testimony to the Truth, and another rises out of his ashes to be a Companion with Christian in his pilgrimage. This Hopeful also told Christian, that there were many more of the men in the Fair that would take their time and follow after.Questions: Fill in the blanks with one word for each. (8%, two scores for each blank) 1．The above is taken from _________’s The Pilgrim’s Progress.2．It is a selection from Chapter VI of The Pilgrim’s Progress, entitled _____ .3．The work is a religious instruction written in the form of _______ and ______.Passage 2Hamlet’s SoliloquyTo be, or not to be: that is the question:Whether ’tis nobler in the mind to sufferThe slings and arrows of outrageous fortuneOr to take arms against a sea of troublesAnd by opposing end them. To die—to sleep—No more; and by a sleep to say we endThe heartache, and the thousand natural shocksThat flesh is heir to. ’Tis a consummationDevoutly to be wish’d. To die—to sleep.To sleep—Perchance to dream: ay, there ’s the rub!For in that sleep of death what dreams may comeWhen we have shuffled off this mortal coil,Must give us pause. There’s the respectThat makes calamity of so long life.For who would bear the whips and scorns of time,Th’ oppressor’s wrong, the proud man’s contumely,The pangs of despis’d love, the law’s delay,The insolence of office, and the spurnsThat patient merit of th’ unworthy takes,When he himself might his quietus makeWith a bare bodkin? Who would fardels bear,To grunt and sweat under a weary life,But that the dread of something after death—The undiscover’d country, from whose bournNo traveller returns—puzzles the will,And makes us rather bear those ills we haveThan fly to others that we know not of?Thus conscience does make cowards of us all,And thus the native hue of resolutionIs sicklied o’er with the pale cast of thought,And enterprises of great pitch and momentWith this regard their currents turn awryAnd lose the name of action.Questions: Answer the following questions briefly.(8%, four scores for each)1．Hamlet’s melancholy and procrastination are revealed in this soliloquy. What question is he pondering on ?2．Please explain “ To be, or not to be”.Passage 3.Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate.Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer’s lease hath all too short a date:Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimmed;And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance, or nature’s changing course, untrimmed:But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest;Nor shall Death brag thou wanderest in his shadeWhen in eternal lines to time thou growest.So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.Questions: (8%, two scores for each item)1. This is one of Shakespeare’s best known________.A. sonnetsB. balladsC. songs2. It runs in iambic pentameter rhymed_________.3. The fourteen lines include three Stanzas according to their content, with the last two lines as a ________which complete the sense of the above lines.4. It deals with the conventional theme that natural beauty will surely be knocked out with the passing of time and that only ________can bring eternity to the one the poet loves and eulogizes.Passage 4.I lay down on the grass, which was very short and soft, where I slept sounder than ever I remember to have done in my life, and as I reckoned, above nine hours; for when I awaked, it was just daylight. I attempted to rise, but was not able to stir: for as I happened to be on my back, I found my arms and legs were strongly fastened on each side to the ground; and my hair, which was long and thick, tied down in the same manner. I likewise felt several slender ligature across my body, from my armpits to my thighs. I could only look upwards; the sun began to grow hot, and the light offended my eyes. I heard a confused noise about me, but in the posture I lay, could see nothing except the sky. In a little time I felt something alive moving on my left leg, which advancing gently forward over my breast, came almost up to my chin; when bending my eyes downwards as much as I could, I perceived it to be a human creature not six inches high, with a bow and arrow in his hands, and a quiver at his back.Questions: (8%, two scores for each blank)1. This passage is taken from a well-known novel written by ___________.2. The “I” in the novel was dropped in a strange country. The country’s name is ___________.3. The name of the novel is ___________.4. The name of the “I” in this passage is __________.Passage 5Of StudiesStudies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience; for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need proyning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments and the meaner sort of books; else distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashy things. Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man, and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem toknow that he doth not. Histories make men wise; poets, witty; the mathematics, subtile; natural philosophy, deep; moral, grave; logic and rhetoric, able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores. Nay, there is no stond or impediment in the wit but may be wrought out by fit studies; like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. So if a man's wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the schoolmen, for they are Cymini sectors. If he be not apt to beat over matters and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers' cases. So every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.Questions:Fill in the blanks with only one word. ( 8%, two scores for each blank)1.“ in discourse” means in ________.2.“able to contend” means able to ______.3.“ simple men” means _______men.4.“ in the wit” means in the _______.五、论述题（3题，每题15分，共45分）1. What do you know about critical realism?2. What is the main idea of The Merchant of Venice?3.Summarize the novel Adventures of Tom Sawyer and make some comments on the maincharacters in it.广东商学院硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试年度：20010年考试科目代码及名称：807-英美文学适用专业：050201-英语语言文学[友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！]I. Define the following five terms. (25 points in all, 5 points for each)1. Symbol2. The English Renaissance3. Naturalism4. Romanticism5. Transcendentalist ClubII. Multiple choice. In this part, there are 20 statements or questions;in each of them, there are four choices marked by A), B), C), and D).Choose the ONE answer that is the most suitable to the statement orquestion. (20 points in all, 1 point for each)。
广东财经大学普通语言学考研真题试题2009——2015年
广东商学院硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试年度：2009年 考试科目代码及名称：603-普通语言学适用专业：050201-英语语言文学一、名词解释（10题，每题3分，共30分）1. category2. semantic components3. schemata4. linguistic universality5. duality6. metalingual function7. minmal pair8. inflection9. cooperative principle10. validity二、判断题（5题，每题8分，共40分）Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully and decide whether it is true or false. Write T for true and F for false in the bracket.1.( )The Chinese expressions “吃饭了吗？” “家里都好吗？” “这是去哪啊？” etc. are examples of displacement.2. ( )Gradable antonymy is the sense relation between two antonyms which differ in terms of degree while complementary antonymy is the sense relation between two antonyms which are complementary to each other.3. ( )In the example: “He couldn’t open the door. It was locked tight”, the relation between “the door” and “It” is that of substitution.4. ( )A phoneme in one language or one dialect may be an allophone in another language or dialect.5. ( )A speaker flouts the Maxim of Quantity when his contributions to the conversation are not truthful.三、简答题（5题，每题8分，共40分）1. 1. Find the sources of the following blends. (1 point for each)1) smash 2) workaholic 3) modem 4) medicare5) motel 6) brunch 7) spam 8) chunnel2. Indicate the category of each word in the following sentences. (2 points for each)1) The instructor told the students to study.2) The Jet landed on the ground.3) That glass suddenly broke.4) The travelers are waiting for the train.3. What are the presuppositions that the following sentences may contain?(2 points for each)1) She regretted not accepting the gift from Tony.2) The pregnant teacher went on holiday.3) Where did he buy the beer?4) She wants more popcorn.4. The following conversational fragment is to some degree odd. To what extent can the oddness be explained by reference to Grice’s CP and maxims?A: Have you seen Peter today?B: Well, if I didn’t denying seeing him I wouldn’t be telling a lie.5. Give an example to illustrate the recursive nature of language that provides a theoretical basis for the creativity of language.四、论述题（2题，每题20分，共40分）1. What are special features of Systemic-functional linguistics and TG Grammar? Comment them briefly.2. Why do modern linguists put the priority of synchronic study over the diachronic study in linguistics?。
广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷
广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试年度：年考试科目代码及名称：出版综合素质和能力适用专业：出版硕士［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］一、选择题（每小题分，共分）.我国最早出现的出版物是（）.报纸.图书.期刊.音像制品.最早在文章中使用“出版学”这个词的中国人是（）.张元济.梁启超.鲁迅.杨家骆.西汉末年刘向、刘歆奉命校书时创立的我国最早的书籍分类系统，将书籍分为（）.经、史、子、集四部.六艺、诸子、诗赋、兵书、术数、方技六类.经典、记传、子兵、文集、木伎、佛法、仙道七录.礼、乐、射、御、书、数六艺.中国共产党成立初期的机关刊物是（）.《新青年》.《少年先锋》.《红旗》.《新生活周刊》.下列句子中，计量单位用法不规范的是（）.我国城乡居民每天消费食用植物油万吨，蛋万吨，酒万吨，布万千米，煤万吨以上。
.白炽灯照明距桌面的最佳高度：瓦为公分，瓦为公分，瓦为公分，瓦为公分。
.厦门海沧投资区距高雄港海里，距香港海里，距上海多海里。
.海南农业开发综合试验区，占地多公顷。
.诗句“朱门酒肉臭，路有冻死骨”所用的修辞方式是（）.比喻.对比.夸张.比拟.按照传统的四部分类法，我国的佛教典籍应归入（）.经部.史部.子部.集部（以下为多项选择）.下列说法，符合推理形式的有（）.凡是具有高级职称的人都很有水平，张三具有高级职称，所以他很有水平.这篇稿子或者在报纸上发，或者在期刊上发，报纸版面已满，所以在期刊上发.正月十五月是圆的，二月十五月是圆的，三月十五月是圆的，所以每月十五日月都是圆的.这七部书的作者，或者是张三，或者是李四；其中三部的作者为张三，所以其余四部的作者为李四.今天，要么是小李值班，要么是小王值班，小李来值班了，所以小王不会来值班.下列句子中，用了“革”的本义的有（）.故坚革利兵不足以为胜，高城深池不足以为固。
.此自未有纪载之前，革衣石斧之民所采撷践踏者。
.是当前之所见，经廿年卅年而革焉可也，更二万年三万年而革也亦可。
广东财经大学《613英语水平考试(自命题)》考研专业课真题试卷
B. picture
C. impression D. figure
(12) A.by
B. with
C. in
D. to
(13) A.emerge B. happen
C. appear
D. expose
(14) A.associated B. related
C. bond
D. afflicted
(15) A.changed into B. expanded into C. decreased into D. increased into
(18)____medicine, for instance. No one can deny that medical progress has enriched our lives tremendously. Because of medical (19) ____, we eat better, live easier and are able to take care of ourselves more efficiently. We can cure disease with no more than one injection (20)____a pill. If we have a serious accident, surgeons can put us (21)____together again. If we are born (22)____something defective, they can repair it. They can make us happy, restore our sanity, ease our pain, replace (23)____parts and give us children. They can even bring us back from the dead. These are wonderful achievements, but there is a (24) ____we have to pay.
广东财经大学613-英语水平考试2017--2020年考研真题汇编
广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试年度：2017年 考试科目代码及名称：613-英语水平考试 适用专业：050201 英语语言文学［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］I. Cloze 完形填空（30题，每题1分，共30分）Direction : There are 3 passages below. Read each of them and choose the proper word from the word list to fill in each of the blanks in the passages. Each word can be used only once.Passage 1Two of the most frustrating things about driving a car are getting lost andgetting stuck in traffic. While the computer revolution is (1)_____to cure these problems, it will have a positive impact. Sensors in your car tuned to radio signals from (2)____satellites can locate your car (3)_____at any moment and warn of traffic jams. We already have twenty-four Navstar satellites orbiting the earth, making up what is called the Global Positioning System. They make it possible to determine your(4)_______on the earth to within about a hundred feet. At any (5)______time, there are several GPS satellites orbiting overhead at a distance of about 11,000 miles. Each satellite cont ains four “atomic clocks,” which (6)_____ at a precise frequency, according to the laws of the quantum theory.As a satellite passes overhead, it sends out a radio (7)___that can be detected bya receiver in a car’s computer. The car’s computer can then (8)___how far the satellite is by (9)____how long it took for the signal to arrive. Since the speed of light is well known, any delay in receivin g the satellite’s signal can be (10)_____into a distance.Passage 2More than 30 million cars and trucks nationwide are (1) with dangerously(2)____air bags, congressional officials say, a number that raises questions about whether the US (3)____industry can handle what could become the largest recall in history.Federal safety (4)____have recalled only 7.8 million vehicles over the defect in afew states, a limited action that (5)____said Thursday was vastly insufficient to(6)____what they deemed “a public safety threat”.Two senators demanded a much (7)____recall that would cover everyaffectedvehicle nationwide. (8)_____a recall of that magnitude ---- including best-selling models from Honda, Toyota, GM, Chrysler and six other companies (9)____ 2002 to 2007 ---- could prove far (10)_____than the industry has ever managed.Passage 3Britain is not just one country and one people; even if some of its inhabitants think so. Britain is, in fact, a nation which can be divided into several (1) __ parts, each part being an individual country with its own language, character and cultural (2) __. Thus Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales do not claim to (3) __ to "England" because their inhabitants are not (4) __ "English". They are Scottish, Irish or Welsh and many of them prefer to speak their own native tongue, which in turn is (5) __ to the others.These cultural minorities(少数民族) have been Britain’s original inhabitants. In varying degrees they have managed to (6) __ their national characteristics, and their particular customs and way of life. This is probably even more true of the (7) __ areas where traditional life has not been so affected by the (8)__ of industrialism as the border areas have been. The Celtic races are said to be more emotional by nature than the English. An Irish temper is legendary. The Scots could rather (9) __ about their reputation for excessive thrift and prefer to be remembered for their folk songs and dances, while the Welsh are famous for their singing. The Celtic (10)__ as a whole produces humorous writers and artists, such as the Irish Bernard Shaw, the Scottish Robert Burns, and the Welsh Dylan Thomas, to mention but a few.II. Proofreading and error correction 改错题 (15题，每题2分，共30分)Directions:The following passage contains 15 errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. Correct the errors and write the answers on your answer sheet.What is corporate culture? At its most basic, it’s described like (1) ____the personality of an organization, or simply as “how things aredone around here.” It guides what employees think, act, and feel. (2)_____ Corporate culture is a wide term used to define the unique (3) _____personality or character of a particular company or organization,and include such elements as core values and beliefs, corporate (4) _____ ethics, and rules of behavior. Corporate culture can express (5) _____in the company’s mission statement and other communications,in the architectural style or interior decoration, by what people wearto work, by how people address to each other, and in the titles given (6) _____ various employees. How do you uncover the corporate culture of (7) _____a potential employer? The truth is that you will never really knowthe corporate culture after you have worked at the company for a (8)______ number of months, but you can get close to them through research (9)______and observation. Understanding culture is a two-steps process, (10) _____ starting with the research before the interview and ending (11)______ with observation at the interview. The bottom line is thatyou are going to spend a lot of time on the work environment-(12)______ and to be happy, success, and productive, you will want to (13)______be in a place where you fit for the culture, a place where you (14)______ can have voice, be respected, and have opportunities for (15)______ growth.III. Gap-filling 选词填空题（15题，每题2分，共30分）Directions: Fill in the following blanks with the correct words given according to the meanings of the sentences.1. Environmentalists are doing everything within their power to ________ theimpact of the oil spill.A. minimizeB. belittleC. rejectD. reclaim2. T opics for conversation should be ________ to the experiences and interests of thestudents.A. satisfiedB. relevantC. concernedD. concentrated3. T hey said the operation had been successful and they expected his wife to________.A. bring aboutB. pull throughC. carry onD. put up4. W e could tell that she was still ________ something and it was our job to find outwhat.A. cancelingB. shelteringC. concealingD. settling5. Y ou are legally ________ to take faulty goods back to the store where you boughtthem.A. assignedB. entitledC. acclaimedD. remained6. H is knowledge of English is ________ for the job, although he is not fluent in thelanguage.A. justifiedB. reliableC. adequateD. assured7. T he scientists have been ________ the necessary funds for their research program.A. desiredB. neglectedC. declinedD. denied8. T here is always a ________ that the legal system is designed to suit lawyers ratherthan to protect the public.A. confidenceB. faithC. deceptionD. suspicion9. A spokesman of Ministry of Agriculture said that a series of policies would beimplemented to ________ the development of agriculture.A. demoteB. promoteC. decreaseD. increase10. A dark suit is ________ to a light one for evening wear.A. favorableB. suitableC. properD. preferable11. The foreign company has been ________ running this factory for decades.A. enormouslyB. effectivelyC. infinitelyD. extremely12. I’m not sick; ________, I’m in the peak of health.A. to be honestB. on the contraryC. to my delightD. on all sides13. By a ________ of good luck, Gene, who had been buried in the rubble for morethan 26 hours, came out alive.A. strokeB. hitC. strikeD. blow14. A dvertising is an intensely ________ business.A. competitiveB. aggressiveC. adventurousD. lucrative15. She was _______ upset to find that she failed in the final examination.A. somehowB. somewayC. somewhatD. somewhereIV. Reading Comprehension 阅读理解（30题，每题2分，共60分）Directions: In this section, there six reading passages followed by a total of thirty multiple-choice questions. Read the passages carefully and then choose the correct answer.Passage 1 The Birth of Photography【1】Perceptions of the visible world were greatly altered by the invention of photography in the middle of the nineteenth century. In particular, and quite logically, the art of painting was forever changed, though not always in the ways one might have expected. The realistic and naturalistic painters of the mid- and late-nineteenth century were all intently aware of photography—as a thing to use, to learn from, and react to.【2】Unlike most major inventions, photography had been long and impatiently awaited. The images produced by the camera obscura, a boxlike device that used a pinhole or lens to throw an image onto a ground-glass screen or a piece of white paper, were already familiar—the device had been much employed by topographical artists like the Italian painter Canaletto in his detailed views of the city of Venice. What was lacking was a way of giving such images permanent form. This was finally achieved by Louis Daguerre (1787-1851), who perfected a way of fixing them on a silvered copper plate. His discovery, the "daguerreotype," was announced in 1839.【3】A second and very different process was patented by the British inventor William Henry Talbot (1800-1877) in 1841. Talbot's "calotype" was the first negative-to-positive process and the direct ancestor of the modern photograph. The calotype was revolutionary in its use of chemically treated paper in which areas hit by light became dark in tone, producing a negative image. This "negative," as Talbot called it, could then be used to print multiple positive images on another piece of treated paper.【4】The two processes produced very different results. The daguerreotype was a unique image that reproduced what was in front of the camera lens in minute, unselective detail and could not be duplicated. The calotype could be made in series, and was thus the equivalent of an etching or an engraving. Its general effect was soft edged and tonal.【5】One of the things that most impressed the original audience for photography was the idea of authenticity. Nature now seemed able to speak for itself, with a minimum of interference. The title Talbot chose for his book, The Pencil of Nature (the first part of which was published in 1844), reflected this feeling. Artists were fascinated by photography because it offered a way of examining the world in much greater detail. They were also afraid of it, because it seemed likely to make their own efforts unnecessary.【6】Photography did indeed make certain kinds of painting obsolete—the daguerreotype virtually did away with the portrait miniature. It also made the whole business of making and owning images democratic. Portraiture, once a luxury for the privileged few, was suddenly well within the reach of many more people.【7】In the long term, photography's impact on the visual arts was far from simple. Because the medium was so prolific, in the sense that it was possible to produce a multitude of images very cheaply, it was soon treated as the poor relation of fine art, rather than its destined successor. Even those artists who were most dependent on photography became reluctant to admit that they made use of it, in case thiscompromised their professional standing.【8】The rapid technical development of photography—the introduction of lighter and simpler equipment, and of new emulsions that coated photographic plates, film, and paper and enabled images to be made at much faster speeds—had some unanticipated consequences. Scientific experiments made by photographers such as Eadweard Muybridge (1830-1904) and Etienne-Jules Marey (1830-1904) demonstrated that the movements of both humans and animals differed widely from the way they had been traditionally represented in art. Artists, often reluctantly, were forced to accept the evidence provided by the camera. The new candid photography—unposed pictures that were made when the subjects were unaware that their pictures were being taken—confirmed these scientific results, and at the same time, thanks to the radical cropping (trimming) of images that the camera often imposed, suggested new compositional formats. The accidental effects obtained by candid photographers were soon being copied by artists such as the French painter Degas.1.What can be inferred from paragraphs 1 and 2 about the effect of photography on nineteenth-century painting?A. Photography did not significantly change the way people looked at reality.B. Most painters used the images of the camera obscura in preference to those of the daguerreotype.C. Painters who were concerned with realistic or naturalistic representation were particularly influenced by photography.D. Artists used the long-awaited invention of photography in just the ways they had expected to.2. According to paragraphs 2 and 3 which of the following did the daguerreotype and the calotype have in common?A. They were equally useful for artists.B. They could be reproduced.C. They produced a permanent imageD. They were produced on treated paper.3. The word "authenticity" in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning toA. improvement.B. practicality.C. genuineness.D. repetition.4.What point does the author make in paragraph 6?A. Paintings became less expensive because of competition with photography.B. Photography, unlike painting, was a type of portraiture that even ordinary people could afford.C. Every style of painting was influenced by the invention of photography.D. The daguerreotype was more popular than the calotype.5.It can be inferred from paragraph 8 that one effect that photography had on painting was that itA.provided painters with new insights into how humans and animals actually move.B.showed that representing movement could be as interesting as portrait art.C.increased the appeal of painted portraiture among the wealthy.D.influenced artists to improve techniques for painting faster.Passage 2 Early Settlements in the Southwest Asia【1】The universal global warming at the end of the Ice Age had dramatic effects on temperate regions of Asia, Europe, and North America. Ice sheets retreated and sea levels rose. The climatic changes in southwestern Asia were more subtle, in that they involved shifts in mountain snow lines, rainfall patterns, and vegetation cover. However, these same cycles of change had momentous impacts on the sparse human populations of the region. At the end of the Ice Age, no more than a few thousand foragers lived along the eastern Mediterranean coast, in the Jordan and Euphrates valleys. Within 2,000 years, the human population of the region numbered in the tens of thousands, all as a result of village life and farming. Thanks to new environmental and archaeological discoveries, we now know something about this remarkable change in local life.【2】Pollen samples from freshwater lakes in Syria and elsewhere tell us forest cover expanded rapidly at the end of the Ice Age, for the southwestern Asian climate was still cooler and considerably wetter than today. Many areas were richer in animal and plant species than they are now, making them highly favorable for human occupation. About 9000 B.C., most human settlements lay in the area along the Mediterranean coast and in the Zagros Mountains of Iran and their foothills. Some local areas, like the Jordan River valley, the middle Euphrates valley, and some Zagros valleys, were more densely populated than elsewhere. Here more sedentary and more complex societies flourished. These people exploited the landscape intensively, foraging on hill slopes for wild cereal grasses and nuts, while hunting gazelle and other game on grassy lowlands and in river valleys. Their settlements contain exotic objects such as seashells, stone bowls, and artifacts made of obsidian (volcanic glass), all traded from afar. This considerable volume of intercommunity exchange brought a degree of social complexity in its wake.【3】Thanks to extremely fine-grained excavation and extensive use of flotation methods (through which seeds are recovered from soil samples), we know a great deal about the foraging practices of the inhabitants of Abu Hureyra in Syria's Euphrates valley. Abu Hureyra was founded about 9500B.C, a small village settlement of cramped pit dwellings (houses dug partially in the soil) with reed roofs supported by wooden uprights. For the next 1,500 years, its inhabitants enjoyed a somewhat warmer and damper climate than today, living in a well-wooded steppe area where wild cereal grasses were abundant. They subsisted off spring migrations of Persian gazelles from the south. With such a favorable location, about 300 to 400 people lived in a sizable, permanent settlement. They were no longer a series of small bands but lived in a large community with more elaborate social organization, probably grouped into clans of people of common descent.【4】The flotation samples from the excavations allowed botanists to study shifts in plant-collecting habits as if they were looking through a telescope at a changing landscape. Hundreds of tiny plant remains show how the inhabitants exploited nutharvests in nearby pistachio and oak forests. However, as the climate dried up, the forests retreated from the vicinity of the settlement. The inhabitants turned to wild cereal grasses instead, collecting them by the thousands, while the percentage of nuts in the diet fell. By 8200B.C., drought conditions were so severe that the people abandoned their long-established settlement, perhaps dispersing into smaller camps. 【5】Five centuries later, about 7700B.C., a new village rose on the mound. At first the inhabitants still hunted gazelle intensively. Then, about 7000 B.C., within the space of a few generations, they switched abruptly to herding domesticated goats and sheep and to growing einkorn, pulses, and other cereal grasses. Abu Hureyra grew rapidly until it covered nearly 30 acres. It was a close-knit community of rectangular, one-story mud-brick houses, joined by narrow lanes and courtyards, finally abandoned about 5000 B.C.. Many complex factors led to the adoption of the new economies, not only at Abu Hureyra, but at many other locations such as 'Ain Ghazal, also in Syria, where goat toe bones showing the telltale marks of abrasion caused by foot tethering (binding) testify to early herding of domestic stock.6. The word "momentous" in the passage (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning toA. numerous.B. regular.C. very important.D. very positive.7. Major climatic changes occurred by the end of the Ice Age in all of the following geographic areas EXCEPTA. temperate regions of Asia.B. southwestern Asia.C. North America.D. Europe.8. Why does the author mention "seashells, stone bowls, and artifacts made of obsidian" in paragraph 2?A. To give examples of objects obtained through trade with other societies.B. To illustrate the kinds of objects that are preserved in a cool climate.C. To provide evidence that the organization of work was specialized.D. To give examples of the artistic ability of local populations.9. Paragraph 4 suggests that the people of Abu Hureyra abandoned their long-established settlement becauseA. the inhabitants had cleared all the trees from the forests.B. wild cereal grasses took over pistachio and oak forests.C. people wanted to explore new areas.D. lack of rain caused food shortages.10. According to paragraph 5, after 7000 B.C. the settlement of Abu Hureyra differed from earlier settlements at that location in all of the following EXCEPTA. the domestication of animals.B. the intensive hunting of gazelle.C. the size of the settlement.D. the design of the dwellings.Passage 3 Children and Advertising【1】Young children are trusting of commercial advertisements in the media, and advertisers have sometimes been accused of taking advantage of this trusting outlook. The Independent Television Commission, regulator of television advertising in the United Kingdom, has criticized advertisers for "misleadingness"—creating a wrong impression either intentionally or unintentionally—in an effort to control advertisers' use of techniques that make it difficult for children to judge the true size, action, performance, or construction of a toy.【2】General concern about misleading tactics that advertisers employ is centered on the use of exaggeration. Consumer protection groups and parents believe that children are largely ill-equipped to recognize such techniques and that often exaggeration is used at the expense of product information. Claims such as "the best" or "better than" can be subjective and misleading; even adults may be unsure as to their meaning. They represent the advertiser's opinions about the qualities of their products or brand and, as a consequence, are difficult to verify. Advertisers sometimes offset or counterbalance an exaggerated claim with a disclaimer—a qualification or condition on the claim. For example, the claim that breakfast cereal has a health benefit may be accompanied by the disclaimer "when part of a nutritionally balanced breakfast." However, research has shown that children often have difficulty understanding disclaimers: children may interpret the phrase "when part of a nutritionally balanced breakfast" to mean that the cereal is required as a necessary part of a balanced breakfast. The author George Comstock suggested that less than a quarter of children between the ages of six and eight years old understood standard disclaimers used in many toy advertisements and that disclaimers are more readily comprehended when presented in both audio and visual formats. Nevertheless, disclaimers are mainly presented in audio format only.【3】Fantasy is one of the more common techniques in advertising that could possibly mislead a young audience. Child-oriented advertisements are more likely to include magic and fantasy than advertisements aimed at adults. In a content analysis of Canadian television, the author Stephen Kline observed that nearly all commercials for character toys featured fantasy play. Children have strong imaginations and the use of fantasy brings their ideas to life, but children may not be adept enough to realize that what they are viewing is unreal. Fantasy situations and settings are frequently used to attract children's attention, particularly in food advertising. Advertisements for breakfast cereals have, for many years, been found to be especially fond of fantasy techniques, with almost nine out of ten including such content. Generally, there is uncertainty as to whether very young children can distinguish between fantasy and reality in advertising. Certainly, rational appeals in advertising aimed at children are limited, as most advertisements use emotional and indirect appeals to psychological states or associations.【4】The use of celebrities such as singers and movie stars is common in advertising. The intention is for the positively perceived attributes of the celebrity to be transferred to the advertised product and for the two to become automatically linked in the audience's mind. In children's advertising, the "celebrities" are often animated figuresfrom popular cartoons. In the recent past, the role of celebrities in advertising to children has often been conflated with the concept of host selling. Host selling involves blending advertisements with regular programming in a way that makes it difficult to distinguish one from the other. Host selling occurs, for example, when a children's show about a cartoon lion contains an ad in which the same lion promotes a breakfast cereal. The psychologist Dale Kunkel showed that the practice of host selling reduced children's ability to distinguish between advertising and program material. It was also found that older children responded more positively to products in host selling advertisements.【5】Regarding the appearance of celebrities in advertisements that do not involve host selling, the evidence is mixed. Researcher Charles Atkin found that children believe that the characters used to advertise breakfast cereals are knowledgeable about cereals, and children accept such characters as credible sources of nutritional information. This finding was even more marked for heavy viewers of television. In addition, children feel validated in their choice of a product when a celebrity endorses that product. A study of children in Hong Kong, however, found that the presence of celebrities in advertisements could negatively affect the children's perceptions of a product if the children did not like the celebrity in question.11. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as being a difficult judgment for children to make about advertised toys?A. How big the toys are?B. How much the toys cost?C. What the toys can do?D. How the toys are made?12. The word “verify” in the passage is closest in meaning toA. establish the truth of.B. approve of.C. understand.D. criticize.13. Cereal advertisements that include the statement “when part of a nutritionally balanced breakfast” are trying to suggest thatA. the cereal is a desirable part of a healthful, balanced breakfast.B. the cereal contains equal amounts of all nutrients.C. cereal is a healthier breakfast than other foods are.D. the cereal is the most nutritious part of the breakfast meal.14. The word “adept”(Paragraph 3)in the passage is cl osest in meaning toA. responsible.B. skillful.C. patient.D. curious.15. In paragraph 4, why does the author mention a show about a cartoon lion in which an advertisement appears featuring the same lion character?A. To help explain what is meant by th e term "host selling” and why it can be misleading to children.B. To explain why the role of celebrities in advertising aimed at children has often been confused with host selling.C. To compare the effectiveness of using animated figures with the effectiveness of using celebrities in advertisements aimed at children.D. To indicate how Kunkel first became interested in studying the effects of host selling on children.Passage 4 Methods of Studying Infant Perception In the study of perceptual abilities of infants, a number of techniques are used to determine infants' responses to various stimuli. Because they cannot verbalize or fill out questionnaires, indirect techniques of naturalistic observation are used as the primary means of determining what infants can see, hear, feel, and so forth. Each of these methods compares an infant's state prior to the introduction of a stimulus with its state during or immediately following the stimulus. The difference between the two measures provides the researcher with an indication of the level and duration of the response to the stimulus. For example, if a uniformly moving pattern of some sort is passed across the visual field of a neonate (newborn), repetitive following movements of the eye occur. The occurrence of these eye movements provides evidence that the moving pattern is perceived at some level by the newborn. Similarly, changes in the infant's general level of motor activity —turning the head, blinking the eyes, crying, and so forth — have been used by researchers as visual indicators of the infant's perceptual abilities.Such techniques, however, have limitations. First, the observation may be unreliable in that two or more observers may not agree that the particular response occurred, or to what degree it occurred. Second, responses are difficult to quantify. Often the rapid and diffuse movements of the infant make it difficult to get an accurate record of the number of responses. The third, and most potent, limitation is that it is not possible to be certain that the infant's response was due to the stimulus presented or to a change from no stimulus to a stimulus. The infant may be responding to aspects of the stimulus different than those identified by the investigator. Therefore, when observational assessment is used as a technique for studying infant perceptual abilities, care must be taken not to over-generalize from the data or to rely on one or two studies as conclusive evidence of a particular perceptual ability of the infant.Observational assessment techniques have become much more sophisticated, reducing the limitations just presented. Film analysis of the infant's responses, heart and respiration rate monitors, and nonnutritive sucking devices are used as effective tools in understanding infant perception. Film analysis permits researchers to carefully study the infant's responses over and over and in slow motion. Precise measurements can be made of the length and frequency of the infant's attention between two stimuli. Heart and respiration monitors provide the investigator with the number of heartbeats or breaths taken when a new stimulus is presented. Numerical。
2018年广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试613-英语水平考试(自命题)试题
广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试年度：2018年考试科目代码及名称：613-英语水平考试(自命题)适用专业：050201 英语语言文学［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］一、Cloze 完形填空（30题，每题1分，共30分）Passage OneDear Miss Brown,Thank you for your letter of 5 October, concerning faulty goods purchased in our store in Basingstoke.I am very sorry indeed that you were not satisfied with the celebration chocolates that you bought from our store. I can 1 ┄┄your disappointment when you discovered that the chocolates were not as shown on the 2 ┄┄and were, in 3 ┄┄, all the same shape.Our company is always trying to improve the 4 ┄┄of its merchandise, and we are very unhappy when one of our products does not 5 ┄┄satisfaction.The manufacturers of our chocolates have 6 ┄┄guidelines for production, which should 7 ┄┄instances such as this from happening. Obviously our checking and packing procedures were not 8 ┄┄, and we will discuss this with the manufacturers. In the 9 ┄┄, I regret the disappointment you were 10 ┄┄. As a gesture of goodwill, I have pleasure in refunding the 11 ┄┄of the chocolates, and enclose a gift voucher that you can 12 ┄┄in our Basingstoke branch.Thank you for bringing this matter to our 13 ┄┄. I hope any future purchases you may 14 ┄┄at our stores will be up to our 15 ┄┄high standards.Yours sincerely,A N FergusonA N FergusonCustomer Relations1. A. know B. distinguish C. understand D. recognise2. A. packaging B. layer C. parcel D. envelope3. A. point B. fact C. honesty D. detail4. A. worth B. goodness C. quality D. grade5. A. meet B. supply C. present D. give6. A. straight B. pure C. immediate D. clear7. A. prevent B. avoid C. forbid D. contain8. A. followed B. admitted C. confirmed D. engaged9. A. while B. meantime C. period D. space10. A. brought B. caused C. effected D. produced11. A. cost B. money C. amount D. bill12. A. employ B. operate C. apply D. use13. A. view B. attention C. sight D. regard14. A. move B. have C. make D. do15. A. ordinary B. usual C. common D. natural Passage TwoDuring the last year, we announced the significant expansion of our plastic sheeting plant in Malaysia, which, together with the acquisition of the Indonesian factory, will approximately double the Group’s manufacturing 16…. The cost of this development is within 17… and will be approximately $5.6m, of which $2.7m was incurred during the previous year. It is on schedule to 18…… increasing volumes from October this year. Following the 19…… of plastic tubing manufacture from Germany to Thailand, we have effectively doubled the capacity of this facility at an 20…………cost of $12m. The project is set to cost less than the original 21……… and is on target for increased production by June next year. In February, we announced our 22……… to sell our factory in Ireland. This decision is in line with the Group’s strategy of 23…… on our core categories of branded products. In June, we announced investment in a new state-of-the-art UK manufacturing facility for specialist plastic components. This facility will be 24……by the middle of next year and will increase the Group’s capacity to manufacture products efficiently in-house. At the same time it will 25… about 200 new jobs in an area of high unemployment. The factory is to cost approximately $24m, towards which government 26…of up to $4m are already available. Sadly, as part of this move, we announced the 27… of our Blackburn facility, which is due to take place in the early part of next year.As part of our commitment to effective external communications with all our stakeholders, in October we 28… the corporate website, which is now providingup-to-date information on the Group, and we look forward to receiving 29…from users of the site. Existing product websites are now in the 30…of being redesigned as part of the global rebranding strategy.16 A output B yield C total D mass17 A budget B income C account D fund18 A forward B transfer C advance D deliver19 A replacement B rearranging C relocation D redistribution20. A aimed B imagined C accepted D expected21. A guess B judgment C estimate D conviction22 A focus B object C intention D purpose23 A concentrating B planning C attending D directing24 A running B implementing C executing D organizing25 A appoint B result C employ D create26 A scholarships B grants C allocations D gifts27 A finish B closure C ending D conclusion28 A dispatched B prompted C launched D effected29 A attitude B approach C outlook D feedback30 A practice B progress C process D procedure二、Proofreading and error correction 改错题(15题，每题2分，共30分)Market Research1. Market research involves in collecting and sorting facts and opinions from specific groups2. of people. The purpose of research can vary from discover the popularity of a political3. party to assessing whether is a product needs changing or replacing. Most work in4. consumer research involves interviewers employing by market research agencies, but5. certain industrial and social research is carried out by any specialist agencies. Interviews6. may be with individuals or groups and can last anything as from a few minutes to an houror7. more. In some interviews, people may be asked to examine or try out products after8. giving up their opinion. Successful interviewers tend to like meeting people and should not9. only be shy of addressing strangers. Interviewers are usually expected to work10. unsupervised, organizing their own workload. Self-discipline is absolutely essential, and11. as are motivation and energy. There are no specific age limits for such a work, though12. many agencies prefer to employ older applicants with experience of meeting people.13. Market research agencies which frequently organize training, where trainees learn how to14. recognize socio-economic groups and practice approaching to the public. For information15. on market research training and qualifications, contract the Market Research Association.三、Gap-filling 选词填空题（15题，每题2分，共30分）It isn't just the beer that 1 to beer bellies. It could also be the extra calories，fat and unhealthy eating choices that may come with 2 drinking.A recent study found that men consume an 3 433 calories (equivalent to a McDonald's double cheeseburger) on days they drink a moderate amount of alcohol. About 61% of the caloric 4 comes from the alcohol itself. Men also report eating higher amounts of saturated fats and meat，and less fruit and milk, on those days than on days when they aren't drinking, the study showed.Women fared a bit better，taking in an extra 300 calories on moderate-drinking days，from the alcohol and eating fattier foods. But women's increase in calories from additional eating wasn't statistically significant，the study said.'Men and women 5 less healthily on days they drank alcohol, 'said Rosalind Breslow, an epidemiologist with the federal National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and lead author of the study. 'Poorer food choices on drinking days have public-health 6，' she said.The findings dovetail with controlled lab studies in which 7 generally eat more food after consuming alcohol. Researchers suggest that alcohol may enhance 'the short-term rewarding effects' of consuming food，according to a 2010 report in the journal Physiology & Behavior that reviewed previous studies on alcohol，appetite and obesity.But other studies have pointed to a different trend. Moderate drinkers gain less 8 weight over time than either heavy drinkers or people who abstain from alcohol, particularly women，this research has shown. Moderate drinking is 9 having about two drinks a day for men and one for women.'People who gain the least weight are moderate drinkers，regardless of [alcoholic] beverage choice，' said Eric Rimm, an associate professor of epidemiology and nutrition at Harvard Medical School and chairman of the 2010 review of alcohol in the federal dietary 10. The weight-gain difference is modest，and 'starting to drink is not a weight-loss diet，' he said.The various research efforts form part of a long-standing 11 about how alcohol affects people's appetites，weight and overall health. Researchers say there aren't simple answers，and suggest that individuals' metabolism, drinking patterns and gender may play a role.Alcohol is 'a real wild card when it comes to weight management, ' said Karen Miller-Kovach，chief scientific officer of Weight Watchers International. At seven calories per gram, alcohol is closer to fat than to carbohydrate or protein in caloric content, she said. Alcohol tends to lower restraint，she notes，causing a person to become more 12 with what they're eating.Research bolstering the role of moderate drinking in helping to control weight gain was published in 2004 in the journal Obesity Research. That study followed nearly 50，000 women over eight years. An earlier study，published in the American Journal of Epidemiology in 1994，followed more than 7，000 people for 10 years and found that moderate drinkers gained less weight than nondrinkers. Studies comparing changes in waist circumference among different groups have yielded similar results.Dr. Rimm said it isn't clear why moderate drinking may be 13 against typical weight gain，but it could have to do with metabolic 14. After people drink alcohol，their heart rate increases so they burn more calories in the following hour.'It's a modest amount，' he said. 'But if you take an individual that eats 100 calories instead of a glass of wine，the person drinking the glass of wine will have a 15 increase in the amount of calories burned.'A：indulgent B：participantsC：debate D：consideredE：contributes F：contestG：guidelines H：protectiveI：moderate J：indexK：implications L：considerateM：additional N：experiencedO：owes P：increaseQ：decrease R：ateS：weight T：adjustmentsU：great V：slight四、Reading Comprehension 阅读理解（30题，每题2分，共60分）Passage OneI don’t ever want to talk about being a woman scientist again. There was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories about what it’s like to work in a field dominated by men. I was never very good at telling those stories because truthfully I never found them interesting. What I do find interesting is the origin of the universe, the shape of space-time and the nature of black holes.At 19, when I began studying astrophysics, it did not bother me in the least to be the only woman in the classroom. But while earning my Ph.D. at MIT and then as a post-doctor doing space research, the issue started to bother me. My every achievement—jobs, research papers, awards—was viewed through the lens of gender (性别) politics. So were my failures. Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus (相对于) right brain, or nature versus nurture (培育), I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind.Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually become my reply to any and all provocations: I don’t talk about thatanymore. It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19 and to realize that I didn’t want to deal with gender issues. Why should curing sexism be yet another terrible burden on every female scientist? After all, I don’t study sociology or political theory.Today I research and teach at Barnard, a women’s college in New York City. Recently, someone asked me how many of the 45 students in my class were women. You cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to answer, 45. I know some of my students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children. And I don’t dismiss those concerns. Still, I don’t tell them “war” stories. Instead, I have given them this: the visual of their physics professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments. And in turn they have given me the image of 45 women driven by a love of science. And that’s a sight worth talking about.1. Why doesn’t the author want to talk about being a woman scientist again?A) She feels unhappy working in male-dominated fields.B) She is fed up with the issue of gender discrimination.C) She is not good at telling stories of the kind.D) She finds space research more important.2. From Paragraph 2, we can infer that people would attribute the author’s failures to ________.A) the very fact that she is a womanB) her involvement in gender politicsC) her over-confidence as a female astrophysicistD) the burden she bears in a male-dominated society3. What did the author constantly fight against while doing her Ph.D. andpost-doctoral research?A) Lack of confidence in succeeding in space science.B) Unfair accusations from both inside and outside her circle.C) People’s stereotyped attitude toward female scientists.D) Widespread misconceptions about nature and nurtured.4. Why does the author feel great satisfaction when talking about her class?A) Female students no longer have to bother about gender issues.B) Her students’ performance has brought back her confidence.C) Her female students can do just as well as male students.D) More female students are pursuing science than before.5. What does the image the author presents to her students suggest?A) Women students needn’t have the concerns of her generation.B) Women have more barriers on their way to academic success.C) Women can balance a career in science and having a family.D) Women now have fewer problems pursuing a science career.Passage TwoI’ve been writing for most of my life. The book Writing Without Teachers introduced me to one distinction and one practice that has helped my writing processes tremendously. The distinction is between the creative mind and the critical mind. While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so.Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest barrier to writing that most of us encounter. If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to capture a fleeting (稍纵即逝的) thought, the thought will die. If you capture the fleeting thought and simply share it with the world in raw form, no one is likely to understand. You must learn to create first and then criticize if you want to make writing the tool for thinking that it is.The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls “free writing.” In free writing, the objective is to get words down on paper non-stop, usually for 15-20 minutes. No stopping, no going back, no criticizing. The goal is to get the words flowing. As the words begin to flow, the ideas will come from the shadows and let themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen.Now you have raw materials that you can begin to work with using the critical mind that you’ve persuaded to sit on the side and watch quietly. Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near.Instead of staring at a blank start filling it with words no matter how bad. Halfway through you available time, stop and rework your raw writing into something closer to finished product. Move back and forth until you run out of time and the final result will most likely be far better than your current practices.6. When the author says the creative mind and the critical mind “cannot work in parallel” (Line 4, Para. 1) in the writing process, he means ________.A) no one can be both creative and criticalB) they cannot be regarded as equally importantC) they are in constant conflict with each otherD) one cannot use them at the same time7. What prevents people from writing on is ________.A) putting their ideas in raw form B) attempting to edit as they writeC) ignoring grammatical soundness D) trying to capture fleeting thoughts8. What is the chief objective of the first stage of writing?A) To organize one’s thoughts logically.B) To choose an appropriate topic.C) To get one’s ideas down.D) To collect raw materials.9. One common concern of writers about “free writing” is that ________.A) it overstresses the role of the creative mindB) it takes too much time to edit afterwardsC) it may bring about too much criticismD) it does not help them to think clearly10. In what way does the critical mind help the writer in the writing process?A) It refines his writing into better shape.B) It helps him to come up with new ideas.C) It saves the writing time available to him.D) It allows him to sit on the side and observe.Passage threeOne aspect of business life which many managers are unhappy with is the need to attend meetings. Research indicates that managers will spend between a third and a half of their working lives in meetings. Although most managers would agree that it is hard to think of an alternative to meetings, as a means of considering information and making collective decisions, their length and frequency can cause problems with the workload of even the best-organized executives.Meetings work best if they take place only when necessary and not as a matter of routine. One example of this is the discussion of personal or career matters between members of staff and their line and personnel managers. Another is during the early stages of a project when the team managing needs to learn to understand and trust one another.Once it has been decided that a meeting is necessary, decisions need to be taken about who will attend and about the location and length of the meeting. People should only be invited to attend if they are directly involved in the matters under discussion and the agenda should be distributed well in advance. An agenda is vital because it acts as a road map to keep discussion focused and within the time limited allocated. This is also the responsibility of the person chairing the meeting, who should encourage those who say little to speak and stop those who have a great deal to say from talking too much.At the end of a well organized meeting, people will feel that the meeting has been a success and be pleased they were invited. They will know not only what decisions were made but also the reasons for these decisions. Unfortunately, at the end of a badly organized meeting those present will leave feeling that they have wasted their time and that nothing worthwhile has been achieved.Much together has been given over the years to ways of keeping meeting short. One man who has no intention of spending half his working life in meeting is Roland Winterson, chief executive of a large manufacturing company. He believes that meetings should be short, sharp and infrequent. “I try to hold no more than two or three meetings a week, attended by a maximum of three people for no longer than half an hour,” he says. “They are clearly aimed at achieving a specific objective, such as making a decision or planning a strategy, and are based on careful preparation. Idraw up the agenda for every meeting and circulate it in advance; those attending are expected to study it carefully and should be prepared to both ask and answer questions. Managers are best employed carrying out tasks directly connected with their jobs not attending endless meetings. In business, time is money and spending it in needless meetings that don’t achieve anything can be very costly. Executives should follow the example of lawyers and put a cost on each hour of their time and then decide whether attending a long meeting really is the best way to spend their time.”11. What do most managers think about meetings?A. Meetings take up most of their working life.B. Meetings allow them to monitor decision-making.C. Meetings prevent them from establishing a routine.D. Meetings are the only way they know of achieving certain objectives.12. According to the writer, an example of a valuable meeting is one whichA. allows colleagues to achieve a better working relationship.B. requires managers to discuss staffing needs with personnel.C. selects a suitable group of people to work together as a team.D. encourages staff to present ideas on improvements in management.13. According to the writer the agenda is important because itA. is seen by everybody before the meeting.B. helps to give direction to the discussions.C. contains items of interest to all those present.D. shows who should speak at each stage of the meeting.14. The writer says that people leaving a well organized meeting will understandA. the reason for their invitation to attend.B. how the decisions taken were relevant to them.C. the importance of proposals under discussion.D. why certain courses of action were agreed upon.15. What does Roland Winterson say about the meetings that he organizes?A. He aims to hold them on a regular basis.B. He ensures they have a definite purpose.C. He requires his managers to draw up the agenda.D. He uses them to make decisions about strategy.Passage fourWorking an eight-hour day is a luxury for most professional people. Nowadays, the only way to guarantee an eight-hour working day is to have the kind of job where you clock on and off. Those professionals who have managed to limit their hours to what was, 20 years ago, the average do not wish to identify themselves. “I can quite easily achieve my work within a normal day, but I don’t like to draw attention to it,”says one sales manager. “People looked at me when I left at 5 o’clock. Now, I put paperwork in my bag. People assume I’m doing extra hours at home.”But more typical is Mark, who works as an account manager. He says, “My contract says I work from 9 until 5 with extra hours as necessary. It sounds as if the extra hours are exceptional. In fact, my job would be enough not only for me, but also for someone else part-time. The idea of an eight-hour day makes me laugh!” He says he has thought about going freelance but realizes that this doesn’t guarantee better working hours.Professors Cary Cooper, occupational psychologist at the University of Manchester, is the author of the annual Quality of Working Life survey. The most recent survey found that 77% of managers in Britain work more than their contracted hours, and that this is having a damaging effect on their health, relationships and productivity. Professor Cooper is critical of the long-hours culture. He says that while bosses believe long hours lead to greater efficiency, there is no evidence to support this. “In fact, the evidence shows that long hours make you ill.”There are, he says, steps that can be taken. One is to accept that the in-tray will never be empty. “There are always things to do. You just have to make the rule that on certain days you go home early.” Prioritizing work and doing essential tasks first helps, he says. He also thinks it’s time to criticize bad employers and unreasonable terms of employment. “By all means, show commitment where necessary but whenexpectations are too high, people have to begin saying openly that they have a life outside of work.”Personal development coach Mo Shapiro agrees that communication is important. Staff need to talk to managers about the working practices within a company. Both parties should feel that the expectations are realistic and allow them to have responsibilities and interests outside work. She recognizes, however, that in many organizations the response might well be, “If you want more interests outside work, then find another job.”She believes that senior staff have a duty to set an example. “I recently worked for a firm of solicitors where the partners started at 7.30am. What kind of message is that to send to the staff?” She believes there is no shame in working sensible hours –in fact quite the reserve. “Some people might be in at 7.30am but will be doing very little. You can work really hard from 9 to 5 and achieve the same. If you find it difficult to achieve an eight-hour day, there is, as a last resort, the old trick of leaving your jacket on your chair and your computers switched on, even after you have left the building.”16. What does the writer say in the first paragraph about people who work an eight-hour day?A. They are reluctant to admit to this.B. They are disliked by their colleagues.C. They are limited to certain professions.D. They often catch up on work in the evenings.17. What does Mark say about his work?A. His main concern is job security.B. Too much of his time at work is wasted.C. The terms of his contract are misleading.D. He objects to being given other people’s work.18. What does Cary Cooper say about recent trends in the workplace?A. He believes that a long working day is counter-productive.B. He has doubts about the results of the Quality of Working Life survey.C. He says that employers should accept the link between working hours and safety.D. He argues that further research is needed into the relationship between work and health.19. How does Cary Cooper think people should deal with the requirements of the workplace?A. Obtain help in negotiating terms of employment.B. Let people know when demands are unreasonable.C. Delegate the less important work to other staff.D. Accept that the modern workplace is a competitive place.20. What does Mo Shapiro see as a problem for employees today?A. They lack the communication skills that modern business requires.B. Many employers would not regard requests for shorter hours favorably.C. Most employers do not want to be responsible for the professional development of staff.D. They have difficulties adapting to the rapid changes occurring in working practices..Passage Five“The organizational weaknesses that entrepreneurs have to deal with every day would cause the managers of a mature company to panic.” Andrew Bidden wrote recently in Boston Business Review. This seems to suggest that the leaders of entrepreneurial or small businesses must be unlike other managers, or the problems faced by such leaders must be the subject of a specialized body of wisdom, or possibly both. Unfortunately, neither is true. Not much worth reading about managing the entrepreneurial or small business has been written, and the leaders of such businesses are made of flesh and blood, like the rest of us.Furthermore, little has been done to address the aspects of entrepreneurial or small businesses that are so difficult to deal with and so different from the challenges faced by management in big business. In part this is because those involved in gathering expertise about business and in selling advice to businesses havehistorically been more interested in the needs of big business. In part, in the UK at least, it is also because small businesses have always preferred to adapt to changing circumstances.The organizational problems of entrepreneurial or small businesses are thus forced upon the individuals who lead them. Even more so than for bigger businesses, the old saying is true – that people, particularly those who make the important decisions, are a business’s most important asset. The research that does exist shows that neither money nor the ability to access more of it is the major factor determining growth. The main reason an entrepreneurial business stops growing is the lack of management and leadership resource available to the business when it matters. Give an entrepreneur an experienced, skilled team and he or she will find the funds every time. Getting the team, though, is the difficult bit.Part of the problem for entrepreneurs is the speed of change that affects their businesses. They have to cope with continuous change yet have always been suspicious about the latest “management solution”. They regard the many offerings from business schools as out of date even before they leave the planning board and have little faith in the recommendations of consultants when they arrive in the hands of young, inexperienced graduates. But such impatience with “management solutions”does not mean that problems can be left to solve themselves. However, the leaders of growing businesses are still left with the problem of who to turn to for advice.The answer is horribly simple: Leaders of small businesses can ask each other. The collective knowledge of a group of leaders can prove enormously helpful in solving the specific problems of individuals. One leader’s problems have certainly been solved already by someone else. There is an organization called KITE which enables those responsible for small businesses to meet. Its members, all of whom are chief executives, go through a demanding selection process, and then join a small group of other chief executives. They come from a range of business sectors and each offers a different corporate history. Each group is led by a “moderator”, an independently selected businessman or woman who has been specially trained to head the group. Each member takes it in turn to host a meeting at his or her business premises and, most important of all, group discussions are kept strictly confidential. This encourages a free sharing of problems and increases the possibility of solutions being discovered.21. What does the writer say about entrepreneurs in the first paragraph?A. It is wrong to assume that they are different from other managers.B. The problems they have to cope with are specific to small businesses.C. They find it difficult to attract staff with sufficient expertise.。
广东财经大学613普通语言学13-15.17-20年真题
广东商学院硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试年度：2013年考试科目代码及名称：613-普通语言学适用专业：050201-英语语言文学［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］一、名词解释（10题，每题3分，共30分）1.macrolinguistics2.blending3.diphthong4.aspect5.reference6.cooperative principle7.Indo-European family8.taboo9.CALL10.corpus linguistics二、判断题（5题，每题8分，共40分）1.（）Halliday’s linguistic potential is similar to the notions of parole and performance.2.（）Descriptive linguists are concerned with how language work,not with how they can be improved.3.（）The word“hour”contains a diphthong and a pure vowel.4.（）The concept“competence”originally refers to the grammatical knowledge of the ideal language user and has nothing to do with the actual use of language in concrete situation.5.（）All words contain a root morpheme.三、简答题（5题，每题8分，共40分）1.What are the major design features of language?2.What are the methods for the addition of new words in the English language?3.Exemplify the relationship between phone,phoneme and allophone.4.Distinguish the two possible meanings of“more beautiful flowers”by means of IC analysis.5.What is the difference between meaning,concept,connotation and denotation?四、论述题（2题，每题20分，共40分）1.How do you understand the saying that language is symbolic?2.In what way can corpus data contribute to lexical studies?广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试年度：2014年考试科目代码及名称：613-普通语言学适用专业：050201英语语言文学［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］一、名词解释（10题，每题3分，共30分）1.pragmatics2.diachronic linguistics3.allophones4.morpheme5.cohesion6.cognitive linguistics7.hyponymy8.contrastive analysis9.American nguage Acquisition Device(LAD)二、判断题（5题，每题8分，共40分）1.The Cooperative Principle,an important pragmatic principle proposed by P.Grice, aims to explain how we mean more than we say.2.Phonetics studies the rules governing the structure,distribution,and sequencing of speech sounds and the shape of syllables.3.[m]is a“bilabial lateral”,[j]a“palatal approximant”,and[h]a“glottal fricative”.4.Relevance is a matter of degree.The larger effect produced,the greater the relevance;the smaller effort cost,the greater the relevance.5.Exocentric construction is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent to that of one or more of its constituents,i.e.,a word or a group of words,which serves as a definable centre or head.三、简答题（5题，每题8分，共40分）1.What is the major difference between Saussure’s distinction between langue and parole and Chomsky’s distinction between competence and performance?2.Divide the following words into Roots,IA(inflectional affix)and/or DA (derivational affix).e.g.transformations:trans(DA)-form(Root)–ation(DA) -s(IA)1)unconscious2)earthquakes3)misled4)geese3.Distinguish the two possible meanings of“more complicated examinations”by means of IC analysis.4.Draw a tree diagram according to PS rules to show the deep structure of the sentence: The kid broke a vase yesterday.5.Which of the Conversational Maxims is being violated in the following conversation?A:So you like icecream.What are your favourite flavours?B:Hamburger…fish and chips.四、论述题（2题，每题20分，共40分）1.What are the main differences between pragmatics and semantics?2.Explain the following remark with examples or make some comments:Each language articulates or organises the world nguages do not simply name existing categories;they articulate their own.。
精编版-2013一2015年广东财经大学金融学考研真题
2013一2015年广东财经大学金融学考研真题2013年广东财经大学金融学考研真题一、名词解释(5题，每题4分，共20分)1.广义货币(M2)2.公开市场业务3.爬行盯住制4.金融期权5.一价定律二、问答题(5题，每题6分，共30分)1.资本市场有哪些特点?2.西方货币政策工具有哪些类型?3.简述布雷顿森林体系的缺陷。
4.简述国际费雪效应的基本内容。
5.简述国际收支平衡表的编制原理。
三、计算题(2题，每题10分，共20分)1.某债券的息票利率为10%，面值为1000美元，距离到期日还有3年。
如果债券现有到期收益率为8%，债券的价格为多少?2.设伦敦市场上年利率为4%，纽约市场上年利率为2%，且伦敦外汇市场的即期汇率为1英镑=1.6465美元，求1年期伦敦市场上英镑对美元的远期汇率(使用粗略表达式计算)。
四、论述题(2题，每题15分，共30分)1.试述银行监管的基本内容。
2.结合中国情况，分析一国的国际收支失衡对经济的影响。
2014年广东财经大学金融学考研真题一、名词解释(5题，每题4分，共20分)1.公开市场操作2.中间业务3.消费信用4.期权5.代理成本二、简答题(5题，每题6分，共30分)1.为什么企业债券的利率要比同期限的国债利率高?2.你在选择资产时应该考虑哪些因素?3.什么是信用风险?商业银行如何管理信用风险?4.简述蒙代尔的“政策搭配理论”。
5.封闭式基金的交易价格主要受哪几个方面的影响?三、计算题(2题，每题10分，共20分)1、债券的息票利率为8%，面值为1000元，距离到期日还有5年，到期收益率为10%，如果每半年支付一次利息，求债券的现值。
2、假定你购买了一套住房，从银行得到了20万元的抵押贷款，偿还期为20年，贷款年利率为8.4%，那么，你的月供是多少?四、论述题(2题，每题15分，共30分)1.货币政策的最终目标有哪些?它们之间有何关系?你如何理解“币值稳定”?2.论述净现值法则、回收期法则、内含报酬率法则等三个投资准绳，并比较三者之间的优劣。
广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷613-英语水平考试
广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试年度：2017年 考试科目代码及名称：613-英语水平考试 适用专业：050201 英语语言文学［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］I. Cloze 完形填空（30题，每题1分，共30分）Direction : There are 3 passages below. Read each of them and choose the proper word from the word list to fill in each of the blanks in the passages. Each word can be used only once.Passage 1Two of the most frustrating things about driving a car are getting lost and getting stuck in traffic. While the computer revolution is (1)_____to cure these problems, it will have a positive impact. Sensors in your car tuned to radio signals from (2)____satellites can locate your car (3)_____at any moment and warn of traffic jams. We already have twenty-four Navstar satellites orbiting the earth, making up what is called the Global Positioning System. They make it possible to determine your(4)_______on the earth to within about a hundred feet. At any (5)______time, there are several GPS satellites orbiting overhead at a distance of about 11,000 miles. Each satellite cont ains four “atomic clocks,” which (6)_____ at a precise frequency, according to the laws of the quantum theory.As a satellite passes overhead, it sends out a radio (7)___that can be detected by a receiver in a car’s computer. The car’s computer can then (8)___how far the satellite is by (9)____how long it took for the signal to arrive. Since the speed of light is well known, any delay in receivin g the satellite’s signal can be (10)_____into a distance.Passage 2More than 30 million cars and trucks nationwide are (1) with dangerously(2)____air bags, congressional officials say, a number that raises questions about whether the US (3)____industry can handle what could become the largest recall in history.Federal safety (4)____have recalled only 7.8 million vehicles over the defect in a few states, a limited action that (5)____said Thursday was vastly insufficient to(6)____what they deemed “a public safety threat”.Two senators demanded a much (7)____recall that would cover everyaffectedvehicle nationwide. (8)_____a recall of that magnitude ---- including best-selling models from Honda, Toyota, GM, Chrysler and six other companies (9)____ 2002 to 2007 ---- could prove far (10)_____than the industry has ever managed.Passage 3Britain is not just one country and one people; even if some of its inhabitants think so. Britain is, in fact, a nation which can be divided into several (1) __ parts, each part being an individual country with its own language, character and cultural (2) __. Thus Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales do not claim to (3) __ to "England" because their inhabitants are not (4) __ "English". They are Scottish, Irish or Welsh and many of them prefer to speak their own native tongue, which in turn is (5) __ to the others.These cultural minorities(少数民族) have been Britain’s original inhabitants. In varying degrees they have managed to (6) __ their national characteristics, and their particular customs and way of life. This is probably even more true of the (7) __ areas where traditional life has not been so affected by the (8)__ of industrialism as the border areas have been. The Celtic races are said to be more emotional by nature than the English. An Irish temper is legendary. The Scots could rather (9) __ about their reputation for excessive thrift and prefer to be remembered for their folk songs and dances, while the Welsh are famous for their singing. The Celtic (10)__ as a whole produces humorous writers and artists, such as the Irish Bernard Shaw, the Scottish Robert Burns, and the Welsh Dylan Thomas, to mention but a few.II. Proofreading and error correction 改错题 (15题，每题2分，共30分)Directions:The following passage contains 15 errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. Correct the errors and write the answers on your answer sheet.What is corporate culture? At its most basic, it’s described like (1) ____the personality of an organization, or simply as “how things aredone around here.” It guides what employees think, act, and feel. (2)_____ Corporate culture is a wide term used to define the unique (3) _____personality or character of a particular company or organization,and include such elements as core values and beliefs, corporate (4) _____ ethics, and rules of behavior. Corporate culture can express (5) _____in the company’s mission statement and other communications,in the architectural style or interior decoration, by what people wearto work, by how people address to each other, and in the titles given (6) _____ various employees. How do you uncover the corporate culture of (7) _____a potential employer? The truth is that you will never really knowthe corporate culture after you have worked at the company for a (8)______ number of months, but you can get close to them through research (9)______and observation. Understanding culture is a two-steps process, (10) _____ starting with the research before the interview and ending (11)______ with observation at the interview. The bottom line is thatyou are going to spend a lot of time on the work environment-(12)______ and to be happy, success, and productive, you will want to (13)______be in a place where you fit for the culture, a place where you (14)______ can have voice, be respected, and have opportunities for (15)______ growth.III. Gap-filling 选词填空题（15题，每题2分，共30分）Directions: Fill in the following blanks with the correct words given according to the meanings of the sentences.1. Environmentalists are doing everything within their power to ________ theimpact of the oil spill.A. minimizeB. belittleC. rejectD. reclaim2. T opics for conversation should be ________ to the experiences and interests of thestudents.A. satisfiedB. relevantC. concernedD. concentrated3. T hey said the operation had been successful and they expected his wife to________.A. bring aboutB. pull throughC. carry onD. put up4. W e could tell that she was still ________ something and it was our job to find outwhat.A. cancelingB. shelteringC. concealingD. settling5. Y ou are legally ________ to take faulty goods back to the store where you boughtthem.A. assignedB. entitledC. acclaimedD. remained6. H is knowledge of English is ________ for the job, although he is not fluent in thelanguage.A. justifiedB. reliableC. adequateD. assured7. T he scientists have been ________ the necessary funds for their research program.A. desiredB. neglectedC. declinedD. denied8. T here is always a ________ that the legal system is designed to suit lawyers ratherthan to protect the public.A. confidenceB. faithC. deceptionD. suspicion9. A spokesman of Ministry of Agriculture said that a series of policies would beimplemented to ________ the development of agriculture.A. demoteB. promoteC. decreaseD. increase10. A dark suit is ________ to a light one for evening wear.A. favorableB. suitableC. properD. preferable11. The foreign company has been ________ running this factory for decades.A. enormouslyB. effectivelyC. infinitelyD. extremely12. I’m not sick; ________, I’m in the peak of health.A. to be honestB. on the contraryC. to my delightD. on all sides13. By a ________ of good luck, Gene, who had been buried in the rubble for morethan 26 hours, came out alive.A. strokeB. hitC. strikeD. blow14. A dvertising is an intensely ________ business.A. competitiveB. aggressiveC. adventurousD. lucrative15. She was _______ upset to find that she failed in the final examination.A. somehowB. somewayC. somewhatD. somewhereIV. Reading Comprehension 阅读理解（30题，每题2分，共60分）Directions: In this section, there six reading passages followed by a total of thirty multiple-choice questions. Read the passages carefully and then choose the correct answer.Passage 1 The Birth of Photography【1】Perceptions of the visible world were greatly altered by the invention of photography in the middle of the nineteenth century. In particular, and quite logically, the art of painting was forever changed, though not always in the ways one might have expected. The realistic and naturalistic painters of the mid- and late-nineteenth century were all intently aware of photography—as a thing to use, to learn from, and react to.【2】Unlike most major inventions, photography had been long and impatiently awaited. The images produced by the camera obscura, a boxlike device that used a pinhole or lens to throw an image onto a ground-glass screen or a piece of white paper, were already familiar—the device had been much employed by topographical artists like the Italian painter Canaletto in his detailed views of the city of Venice. What was lacking was a way of giving such images permanent form. This was finally achieved by Louis Daguerre (1787-1851), who perfected a way of fixing them on a silvered copper plate. His discovery, the "daguerreotype," was announced in 1839.【3】A second and very different process was patented by the British inventor William Henry Talbot (1800-1877) in 1841. Talbot's "calotype" was the first negative-to-positive process and the direct ancestor of the modern photograph. The calotype was revolutionary in its use of chemically treated paper in which areas hit by light became dark in tone, producing a negative image. This "negative," as Talbot called it, could then be used to print multiple positive images on another piece of treated paper.【4】The two processes produced very different results. The daguerreotype was a unique image that reproduced what was in front of the camera lens in minute, unselective detail and could not be duplicated. The calotype could be made in series, and was thus the equivalent of an etching or an engraving. Its general effect was soft edged and tonal.【5】One of the things that most impressed the original audience for photography was the idea of authenticity. Nature now seemed able to speak for itself, with a minimum of interference. The title Talbot chose for his book, The Pencil of Nature (the first part of which was published in 1844), reflected this feeling. Artists were fascinated by photography because it offered a way of examining the world in much greater detail. They were also afraid of it, because it seemed likely to make their own efforts unnecessary.【6】Photography did indeed make certain kinds of painting obsolete—the daguerreotype virtually did away with the portrait miniature. It also made the whole business of making and owning images democratic. Portraiture, once a luxury for the privileged few, was suddenly well within the reach of many more people.【7】In the long term, photography's impact on the visual arts was far from simple. Because the medium was so prolific, in the sense that it was possible to produce a multitude of images very cheaply, it was soon treated as the poor relation of fine art, rather than its destined successor. Even those artists who were most dependent on photography became reluctant to admit that they made use of it, in case thiscompromised their professional standing.【8】The rapid technical development of photography—the introduction of lighter and simpler equipment, and of new emulsions that coated photographic plates, film, and paper and enabled images to be made at much faster speeds—had some unanticipated consequences. Scientific experiments made by photographers such as Eadweard Muybridge (1830-1904) and Etienne-Jules Marey (1830-1904) demonstrated that the movements of both humans and animals differed widely from the way they had been traditionally represented in art. Artists, often reluctantly, were forced to accept the evidence provided by the camera. The new candid photography—unposed pictures that were made when the subjects were unaware that their pictures were being taken—confirmed these scientific results, and at the same time, thanks to the radical cropping (trimming) of images that the camera often imposed, suggested new compositional formats. The accidental effects obtained by candid photographers were soon being copied by artists such as the French painter Degas.1.What can be inferred from paragraphs 1 and 2 about the effect of photography on nineteenth-century painting?A. Photography did not significantly change the way people looked at reality.B. Most painters used the images of the camera obscura in preference to those of the daguerreotype.C. Painters who were concerned with realistic or naturalistic representation were particularly influenced by photography.D. Artists used the long-awaited invention of photography in just the ways they had expected to.2. According to paragraphs 2 and 3 which of the following did the daguerreotype and the calotype have in common?A. They were equally useful for artists.B. They could be reproduced.C. They produced a permanent imageD. They were produced on treated paper.3. The word "authenticity" in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning toA. improvement.B. practicality.C. genuineness.D. repetition.4.What point does the author make in paragraph 6?A. Paintings became less expensive because of competition with photography.B. Photography, unlike painting, was a type of portraiture that even ordinary people could afford.C. Every style of painting was influenced by the invention of photography.D. The daguerreotype was more popular than the calotype.5.It can be inferred from paragraph 8 that one effect that photography had on painting was that itA.provided painters with new insights into how humans and animals actually move.B.showed that representing movement could be as interesting as portrait art.C.increased the appeal of painted portraiture among the wealthy.D.influenced artists to improve techniques for painting faster.Passage 2 Early Settlements in the Southwest Asia【1】The universal global warming at the end of the Ice Age had dramatic effects on temperate regions of Asia, Europe, and North America. Ice sheets retreated and sea levels rose. The climatic changes in southwestern Asia were more subtle, in that they involved shifts in mountain snow lines, rainfall patterns, and vegetation cover. However, these same cycles of change had momentous impacts on the sparse human populations of the region. At the end of the Ice Age, no more than a few thousand foragers lived along the eastern Mediterranean coast, in the Jordan and Euphrates valleys. Within 2,000 years, the human population of the region numbered in the tens of thousands, all as a result of village life and farming. Thanks to new environmental and archaeological discoveries, we now know something about this remarkable change in local life.【2】Pollen samples from freshwater lakes in Syria and elsewhere tell us forest cover expanded rapidly at the end of the Ice Age, for the southwestern Asian climate was still cooler and considerably wetter than today. Many areas were richer in animal and plant species than they are now, making them highly favorable for human occupation. About 9000 B.C., most human settlements lay in the area along the Mediterranean coast and in the Zagros Mountains of Iran and their foothills. Some local areas, like the Jordan River valley, the middle Euphrates valley, and some Zagros valleys, were more densely populated than elsewhere. Here more sedentary and more complex societies flourished. These people exploited the landscape intensively, foraging on hill slopes for wild cereal grasses and nuts, while hunting gazelle and other game on grassy lowlands and in river valleys. Their settlements contain exotic objects such as seashells, stone bowls, and artifacts made of obsidian (volcanic glass), all traded from afar. This considerable volume of intercommunity exchange brought a degree of social complexity in its wake.【3】Thanks to extremely fine-grained excavation and extensive use of flotation methods (through which seeds are recovered from soil samples), we know a great deal about the foraging practices of the inhabitants of Abu Hureyra in Syria's Euphrates valley. Abu Hureyra was founded about 9500B.C, a small village settlement of cramped pit dwellings (houses dug partially in the soil) with reed roofs supported by wooden uprights. For the next 1,500 years, its inhabitants enjoyed a somewhat warmer and damper climate than today, living in a well-wooded steppe area where wild cereal grasses were abundant. They subsisted off spring migrations of Persian gazelles from the south. With such a favorable location, about 300 to 400 people lived in a sizable, permanent settlement. They were no longer a series of small bands but lived in a large community with more elaborate social organization, probably grouped into clans of people of common descent.【4】The flotation samples from the excavations allowed botanists to study shifts in plant-collecting habits as if they were looking through a telescope at a changing landscape. Hundreds of tiny plant remains show how the inhabitants exploited nutharvests in nearby pistachio and oak forests. However, as the climate dried up, the forests retreated from the vicinity of the settlement. The inhabitants turned to wild cereal grasses instead, collecting them by the thousands, while the percentage of nuts in the diet fell. By 8200B.C., drought conditions were so severe that the people abandoned their long-established settlement, perhaps dispersing into smaller camps. 【5】Five centuries later, about 7700B.C., a new village rose on the mound. At first the inhabitants still hunted gazelle intensively. Then, about 7000 B.C., within the space of a few generations, they switched abruptly to herding domesticated goats and sheep and to growing einkorn, pulses, and other cereal grasses. Abu Hureyra grew rapidly until it covered nearly 30 acres. It was a close-knit community of rectangular, one-story mud-brick houses, joined by narrow lanes and courtyards, finally abandoned about 5000 B.C.. Many complex factors led to the adoption of the new economies, not only at Abu Hureyra, but at many other locations such as 'Ain Ghazal, also in Syria, where goat toe bones showing the telltale marks of abrasion caused by foot tethering (binding) testify to early herding of domestic stock.6. The word "momentous" in the passage (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning toA. numerous.B. regular.C. very important.D. very positive.7. Major climatic changes occurred by the end of the Ice Age in all of the following geographic areas EXCEPTA. temperate regions of Asia.B. southwestern Asia.C. North America.D. Europe.8. Why does the author mention "seashells, stone bowls, and artifacts made of obsidian" in paragraph 2?A. To give examples of objects obtained through trade with other societies.B. To illustrate the kinds of objects that are preserved in a cool climate.C. To provide evidence that the organization of work was specialized.D. To give examples of the artistic ability of local populations.9. Paragraph 4 suggests that the people of Abu Hureyra abandoned their long-established settlement becauseA. the inhabitants had cleared all the trees from the forests.B. wild cereal grasses took over pistachio and oak forests.C. people wanted to explore new areas.D. lack of rain caused food shortages.10. According to paragraph 5, after 7000 B.C. the settlement of Abu Hureyra differed from earlier settlements at that location in all of the following EXCEPTA. the domestication of animals.B. the intensive hunting of gazelle.C. the size of the settlement.D. the design of the dwellings.Passage 3 Children and Advertising【1】Young children are trusting of commercial advertisements in the media, and advertisers have sometimes been accused of taking advantage of this trusting outlook. The Independent Television Commission, regulator of television advertising in the United Kingdom, has criticized advertisers for "misleadingness"—creating a wrong impression either intentionally or unintentionally—in an effort to control advertisers' use of techniques that make it difficult for children to judge the true size, action, performance, or construction of a toy.【2】General concern about misleading tactics that advertisers employ is centered on the use of exaggeration. Consumer protection groups and parents believe that children are largely ill-equipped to recognize such techniques and that often exaggeration is used at the expense of product information. Claims such as "the best" or "better than" can be subjective and misleading; even adults may be unsure as to their meaning. They represent the advertiser's opinions about the qualities of their products or brand and, as a consequence, are difficult to verify. Advertisers sometimes offset or counterbalance an exaggerated claim with a disclaimer—a qualification or condition on the claim. For example, the claim that breakfast cereal has a health benefit may be accompanied by the disclaimer "when part of a nutritionally balanced breakfast." However, research has shown that children often have difficulty understanding disclaimers: children may interpret the phrase "when part of a nutritionally balanced breakfast" to mean that the cereal is required as a necessary part of a balanced breakfast. The author George Comstock suggested that less than a quarter of children between the ages of six and eight years old understood standard disclaimers used in many toy advertisements and that disclaimers are more readily comprehended when presented in both audio and visual formats. Nevertheless, disclaimers are mainly presented in audio format only.【3】Fantasy is one of the more common techniques in advertising that could possibly mislead a young audience. Child-oriented advertisements are more likely to include magic and fantasy than advertisements aimed at adults. In a content analysis of Canadian television, the author Stephen Kline observed that nearly all commercials for character toys featured fantasy play. Children have strong imaginations and the use of fantasy brings their ideas to life, but children may not be adept enough to realize that what they are viewing is unreal. Fantasy situations and settings are frequently used to attract children's attention, particularly in food advertising. Advertisements for breakfast cereals have, for many years, been found to be especially fond of fantasy techniques, with almost nine out of ten including such content. Generally, there is uncertainty as to whether very young children can distinguish between fantasy and reality in advertising. Certainly, rational appeals in advertising aimed at children are limited, as most advertisements use emotional and indirect appeals to psychological states or associations.【4】The use of celebrities such as singers and movie stars is common in advertising. The intention is for the positively perceived attributes of the celebrity to be transferred to the advertised product and for the two to become automatically linked in the audience's mind. In children's advertising, the "celebrities" are often animated figuresfrom popular cartoons. In the recent past, the role of celebrities in advertising to children has often been conflated with the concept of host selling. Host selling involves blending advertisements with regular programming in a way that makes it difficult to distinguish one from the other. Host selling occurs, for example, when a children's show about a cartoon lion contains an ad in which the same lion promotes a breakfast cereal. The psychologist Dale Kunkel showed that the practice of host selling reduced children's ability to distinguish between advertising and program material. It was also found that older children responded more positively to products in host selling advertisements.【5】Regarding the appearance of celebrities in advertisements that do not involve host selling, the evidence is mixed. Researcher Charles Atkin found that children believe that the characters used to advertise breakfast cereals are knowledgeable about cereals, and children accept such characters as credible sources of nutritional information. This finding was even more marked for heavy viewers of television. In addition, children feel validated in their choice of a product when a celebrity endorses that product. A study of children in Hong Kong, however, found that the presence of celebrities in advertisements could negatively affect the children's perceptions of a product if the children did not like the celebrity in question.11. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as being a difficult judgment for children to make about advertised toys?A. How big the toys are?B. How much the toys cost?C. What the toys can do?D. How the toys are made?12. The word “verify” in the passage is closest in meaning toA. establish the truth of.B. approve of.C. understand.D. criticize.13. Cereal advertisements that include the statement “when part of a nutritionally balanced breakfast” are trying to suggest thatA. the cereal is a desirable part of a healthful, balanced breakfast.B. the cereal contains equal amounts of all nutrients.C. cereal is a healthier breakfast than other foods are.D. the cereal is the most nutritious part of the breakfast meal.14. The word “adept”(Paragraph 3)in the passage is cl osest in meaning toA. responsible.B. skillful.C. patient.D. curious.15. In paragraph 4, why does the author mention a show about a cartoon lion in which an advertisement appears featuring the same lion character?A. To help explain what is meant by th e term "host selling” and why it can be misleading to children.B. To explain why the role of celebrities in advertising aimed at children has often been confused with host selling.C. To compare the effectiveness of using animated figures with the effectiveness of using celebrities in advertisements aimed at children.D. To indicate how Kunkel first became interested in studying the effects of host selling on children.Passage 4 Methods of Studying Infant Perception In the study of perceptual abilities of infants, a number of techniques are used to determine infants' responses to various stimuli. Because they cannot verbalize or fill out questionnaires, indirect techniques of naturalistic observation are used as the primary means of determining what infants can see, hear, feel, and so forth. Each of these methods compares an infant's state prior to the introduction of a stimulus with its state during or immediately following the stimulus. The difference between the two measures provides the researcher with an indication of the level and duration of the response to the stimulus. For example, if a uniformly moving pattern of some sort is passed across the visual field of a neonate (newborn), repetitive following movements of the eye occur. The occurrence of these eye movements provides evidence that the moving pattern is perceived at some level by the newborn. Similarly, changes in the infant's general level of motor activity —turning the head, blinking the eyes, crying, and so forth — have been used by researchers as visual indicators of the infant's perceptual abilities.Such techniques, however, have limitations. First, the observation may be unreliable in that two or more observers may not agree that the particular response occurred, or to what degree it occurred. Second, responses are difficult to quantify. Often the rapid and diffuse movements of the infant make it difficult to get an accurate record of the number of responses. The third, and most potent, limitation is that it is not possible to be certain that the infant's response was due to the stimulus presented or to a change from no stimulus to a stimulus. The infant may be responding to aspects of the stimulus different than those identified by the investigator. Therefore, when observational assessment is used as a technique for studying infant perceptual abilities, care must be taken not to over-generalize from the data or to rely on one or two studies as conclusive evidence of a particular perceptual ability of the infant.Observational assessment techniques have become much more sophisticated, reducing the limitations just presented. Film analysis of the infant's responses, heart and respiration rate monitors, and nonnutritive sucking devices are used as effective tools in understanding infant perception. Film analysis permits researchers to carefully study the infant's responses over and over and in slow motion. Precise measurements can be made of the length and frequency of the infant's attention between two stimuli. Heart and respiration monitors provide the investigator with the number of heartbeats or breaths taken when a new stimulus is presented. Numerical。
2015年广东财经大学考研真题F517-英语综合能力测试-试卷
广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试年度：2015年考试科目代码及名称：F517-英语综合能力测试适用专业：050201 英语语言文学［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］（1）英译汉（共30分）请将以下英语语篇翻译为汉语：Time and the MachineOur awareness of time has reached such a pitch of intensity that we suffer acutely whenever our travels take us into some corner of the world where people are not interested in minutes and seconds. The unpunctuality of the Orient, for example, is appalling to those who come freshly from a land of fixed meal times and regular train services. For a modern American or Englishman, waiting is a psychological torture. An Indian accepts the blank hours with resignation, even with satisfaction. He has not lost the fine art of doing nothing. Our notion of time as a collection of minutes，each of which must be filled with some business or amusement，is wholly alien to the Oriental，just as it was wholly alien to the Greek. For the man who lives in a pre-industrial world, time moves at a slow and easy pace；he does not care about each minute，for the good reason that he has not been made conscious of the existence of minutes.（2）汉译英（共30分）请用得体的语气和措辞翻译以下求职信及其回信：求职信亲爱的先生：我现申请到贵公司担任任何负责职务。
2010年广东财经大学外国语学院613普通语言学考研真题【圣才出品】
2010年广东财经大学外国语学院603普通语言学考研真题一、名词解释（10题，每题3分，共30分）1.The theory of metafunctions of language2.Distinctive feature3.Open-class word4.Syntagmatic/horizontal/chain relation5.Selection restrictions6.Cohort theory7.Linguistic relativism8.Contextual meaning9.Indirect thought10.External evaluation二、判断题（5题，每题8分，共40分）1.()Chomsky distinguished the linguistic competence of the speaker and the actual phenomena or data of linguistics(utterances)as language and parole.2.()Formalism sees as a central task for linguists characterizing the formal relationships among grammatical elements independently of any characterization of the semantic and pragmatic properties.In contrast, functionalism rejects that task on the grounds that the function of conveying meaning in its broad sense has so affected grammatical form that it is senselessto communicate to compartmentalize it.3.()Structurally,a word is the smallest unit because many words cannot be separated into even smaller meaningful units.4.()Theme and rheme belong to functional analysis of the sentence and subject and predicate belong to formal analysis of the sentence.Mathesius believes that they are not the same and should be strictly distinguished from each other.5.()According to Leech,conceptual meaning makes up the central part of meaning.It is connotative in that it is concerned with the relationship between a word and the thing it refers to.In this sense,conceptual meaning overlaps to a large extent with the notion of reference.三、简答题（5题，每题8分，共40分）1.What is the distinction between the endocentric compound and the exocentric compound?2.What is the difference between descriptive and prescriptive study?3.What is the functional sentence perspective?4.What is componential analysis?5.What are the Q-principle and the R-principle developed by L.Horn?四、论述题（2题，每题20分，共40分）1.What are the Q-,I-,and M-principles proposed by S.Levinson?2.What is the difference between traditional grammar and modern linguistics,transformational-generative grammar and systemic-functional linguistics?。
广东财经大学613英语水平考试2020-2013年考研真题汇编
广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试年度：2020年考试科目代码及名称：613-英语水平考试(自命题)适用专业：050201英语语言文学［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］一、Gap Filling 选词填空（从列表的单词中选择合适的词完成段落/非Cloze 选择填空）（30题，每题1分，共30分）Directions:Fill in the gaps numbered 1to 30with appropriate words from the word list.There are more words than needed and each word can be used only ONCE .Write down the letters (A to T)representing the words after the numbers 1to 30for each passage on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneThe term “globalization”has been used to 1describe the profoundnature of changes affecting economies,cultures and societies worldwide from the late twentieth century 2.Anthony Giddens has 3globalization as “theintensification of worldwide social relations which link 4localities in such a way that local happenings are 5by events occurring many miles away and vice versa”.A central feature of the new,global economy which has 6in the context of intensified relations is that it is 7.That is to say,the productivity and competitiveness of firms in the new economic order depend on their ability to create,8and apply knowledge-based information.Alongside the centrality ofinformation and knowledge,a further 9feature is the nature of economic organization which has emerged in late modernity.The central activities of production,consumption and 10,as well as their components (capital,raw materials,management,information,technology,11),are organized on a global 12,either 13or through a network of connections between different economic 14.The importance of the information technology revolution from the 1970s onwards was that it provided the 15or the material basis for this new economy.Passage TwoFreud’s The Interpretation of Dreams was published in 1900,a remarkable year that was 16to change the world’s thinking profoundly.Its 17reception was saddening –only 351copies were 18during the first ten ter,its value was 19realized by scholars,and the book went eight 20before the death of its author.Now,more than a hundred years has already passed,and it has been 21into more than a dozen languages.Its influence is far 22:it hasprofoundly changed the landscape not only in 23,but also in literature,art,aesthetics,anthropology,philosophy,education,sociology and other 24.It is reckoned as one of the three 25books together with Darwin’s Origins of the Species and Copernicus’De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium .Before Freud,dreams were not seriously considered.It was 26as superficial,insignificant and 27.Freud worked as a 28for many years,dealing with hysteria.He collected many cases and began to think seriously of the 29between dreams and the psychological condition of patients.In this book,he 30that dreams were the fulfillment of human wishes.二、Proofreading and error correction 改错题(15题，每题2分，共30分)Directions:The following passage contains 15errors which are indicated by a number after the line.In each indicated line there is only ONE error,and for each error,you just need to change ONE word to make it correct.Write down the correct word on the AnswerSheet.Around1990a number of architect around the world began developing new architectural solutions tointegrate tradition for new social demands and technological possibilities.The struggle between old and new initiate the birth of a new architecture style–the International Style.The international style stresses minimalism and functionalism,rejects all essential decorative elements and is ignorant to regional characteristics.The ideals of the style are also commonly sum up in four slogans:ornament is a crime, truth to materials,form follows function,and “machines for living.”This could be sound explained in light of the Western industrialization.With their rapid development,society was also changing and evolved rapidly.There was a great demand for constructing better and affordable buildings for factories,industries, commercial complexes,and residential purposes.Thus, the overdoing ornamentation of the buildings of the previous eras,that demanded high level of craftsmanship and was time-consuming,gave way in the simple designs.The international style first blossomed in western Europe,and than it began to flourish in the United States,and matured after World War II.Its became the dominant approach in the US for much decades.1.__________2.__________3.__________4.__________5.__________6.__________7.__________8.__________9.__________10.__________11.__________12.__________13.__________14.__________15.__________三、Sentence Completion完成句子（根据提供的词，用合适的词的形式完成句子）（15题，每题2分，共30分）Directions:Fill in the gaps with the proper forms of the given words.Write down youranswers on the Answer Sheet.1.Benjamin Franklin,an American who was at home wherever he went,gainedwide__________in France and also became well known in England.(popular) 2.Although women have been__________against unjustly,they had been patientuntil recently.(discrimination)3.As__________in high places became widespread,the Roman Empire was considerably weakened.(corrupt)4.In response to the self-study problems,this college has evolved programs to meet the ever-__________needs of its students.(expansion)5.Both animals and humans have been found to cope better with painful or __________stimuli when they feel they can exercise some degree of control rather than being passive and helpless.(threat)6.Whereas some jobs may make heavier psychological demands than others,certain sorts of people,__________of their occupation,seem to make heavy psychological demands on themselves–and,as a result,run a greater risk of heart disease.(regard)7.Friendships must be mutually productive.They must not be__________to either person.(destroy)8.While global warming is__________an important factor,it does not fully account for these extreme and unusual weather patterns.(doubt)9.Touch may communicate positive emotions mainly between intimates or others who have a_________close relationship.(relation)10.Modelling is a better way to__________children than punishment.(social)11.Negative events are more__________to be reported than positive ones.(like)12.Reforms have brought about rapid__________growth in China in recent years. (economy)13.Knowledge often results only after__________investigation.(persist)14.There are three kinds of book owners.The first has all the standard sets and best-sellers–unread,__________.(touch)15.Real beauty is a___________of external and internal beauty.(combine)四、Reading Comprehension阅读理解（30题，每题2分，共60分）Directions:Read the following passages and choose the best answers for thequestions numbered1to30.Write down the letter of your choice for each question on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneCate Siu is from Hong Kong,but she's a fan of Korean television shows and she keeps up with gossip about Korean celebrities on the Internet.Her favorite is a beautiful soap-opera star,Song Hye Kyo,whose bee-stung lips and feminine features she admires."Korean actresses have prominent and elegant noses,"says Ms.Siu,a 25-year-old aspiring actress."They look so pretty."So,when Ms.Siu decided she'd have a better shot at breaking into the entertainment business after improving her looks with a surgical makeover,she knew where she wanted to go.In April,she flew more than1,000miles to a clinic in Seoul for operations to raise the bridge of her nose,make her eyes appear larger,and sharpen her chin.Across Asia,Korea is cool.From fashion to music to film,the country of48 million people is redefining style.And as notions of Korean beauty become popularized by the country's exploding cultural exports,women from around the region–and some men,too–are flocking to Seoul to have their faces remodeled."A lot of my patients bring a picture of a Korean star from a magazine and say,'I want to look like that,'"says Chung Jong Pil,a surgeon who runs the Cinderella Plastic Surgery Clinic in a fashionable Seoul neighborhood.Dr.Chung estimates that just under ten percent of his customers come from overseas;the rest are locals.Most of the foreign visitors come from China,he says. Jung Dong Hak,a surgeon who specializes in rhinoplasty,or nose jobs,at another Seoul clinic,says roughly15percent of his patients are foreign.That number has been rising in the past few years."The increase has been very big since the Korean wave started,"he says.1.Where is the article most probably published?A.in an academic journalB.in a science magazineC.in a bookD.in a newspaper2.What kind of lips does Cate Siu like?A.thickB.thinC.smallD.pink3.What kind of nose does Cate Siu want to have?A.tiny and roundedrge and noticeableC.dark and thinD.flat and delicate4.The name of Chung Jong Pil's clinic derives from_________.A.a novelB.a fairytaleC.a poemD.an essay5.From Dr.Jung we can know that__________.A.most of his foreign customers are the ChineseB.more foreigners than locals take plastic surgery in KoreaC.more and more foreigners come to Korea for plastic surgeryD.most of his customers are localsPassage TwoFrom early adulthood to middle adulthood,people typically experience a strengthening sense of identity,confidence,and self-esteem.In later life,challenges arise.Income shrinks,work is often taken away,the body deteriorates,recall fades, energy wanes,family members and friends die or move away,and the great enemy, death,looms ever closer.It is not surprising that many presume the over-65years to be the worst of times.But,they are not,as Ronald Inglehart discovered when he amassed interviewed conducted during the1980s with representative samples of nearly170,000people from16nations.Older people report as much happiness and satisfaction with life as younger people do.If anything,positive feelings grow after midlife and negative feelings subside.Older adults increasingly use words that convey positive emotions.They attend less and less to negative information.For example,they are slower than younger adults to perceive negative faces.Their amygdale,a neural processing center for emotions, shows diminishing activity in response to negative events while maintaining its responsiveness to positive events.Moreover,the bad feelings we associate with negative events fade faster than do the good feelings we associate positive events. This contributes to most older people’s sense that life,on balance,has been mostly good.Given that growing older is an outcome of living(an outcome nearly all of us prefer to early dying),the positivity of later life is comforting.6.It is generally believed that__________.A.older adults have a stronger sense of identityB.older adults have fewer friendsC.there are many problems associated with older adulthoodD.there is a positive side of older adulthood7.It can be inferred from the passage that Ronald Inglehart is__________.A.a scholarB.an interviewerC.a scientistD.a reporter8.The level of happiness and satisfaction in old age__________.A.is about the same as younger people’sB.is obviously different from younger people’sC.is significantly lower than younger people’sD.is significantly higher than younger people’s9.The brain of older people tends to__________.A.notice negative events around them rather than positive onesB.ignore negative events and only notice positive onesC.more quickly forget the negative things that happen and remember the positive onesD.more quickly forget the positive things that happen and remember the negative ones10.The research results mentioned in the text can contribute to a more__________attitude toward older adulthood.A.pessimisticB.optimisticC.dubiousD.uncertainPassage ThreeToday,in the hospital,surgeons and physicians have equal status.The studies of internal medicine and surgery seem supplementary to each other and are therefore treated equally.We may easily take it for granted that it was the same in the past.In fact,historically speaking,internal medicine and surgery had quite different histories, reputations and professions.In the middle ages,in order to become a physician,one must study in a university first in liberal arts for five years,then in medicine for four years.After the long study was finished,he had to pass strict exams to graduate.He then had to obtain a license in order to begin his practice.In other words,physicians should learn from the books.A true doctor was believed to treat patients with remedies,i.e.,medicine,instead of giving physical intervention.Physicians were held in high regard.Surgeons were not ranked as high as physicians.Their profession was viewed as a “trade”(i.e.an occupation,especially one requiring skilled labor;craft),not as an “art”.Clerics used to help ill people,which was a natural calling of the Christian doctrine.But their help usually came in the form of religious prayer,and care for patients.They were forbidden to perform surgery because they were not to“spill blood”.Medical doctors,or physicians,looked down upon the profession as a“trade”beneath them and were unwilling to perform surgeries.The most suitable person for the performance of surgery was the barber,who often dealt with small cuts when they were giving a close shave.They were prepared with bandage and styptics(drugs used to stop bleeding).So when someone had an injury,or an ailment that required cutting, the barber was the most skilled person–he was a tradesman with the necessary skills. Thus the profession was often called the barber surgeon.11.It is a popular illusion that__________.A.surgeons and physician have equal statusB.surgeons and physician enjoyed equal statusC.the studies of internal medicine and surgery are treated equallyD.internal medicine and surgery had different reputations12.Which of the following statements about a physician in the middle ages is FALSE?A.A physician must study9years in a university.B.It was hard to become a physician.C.A physician was highly reputed.D.A physician was forbidden to operate on patients.13.What can be known about“clerics”in the past from the passage?A.They could perform surgery.B.It was their mission to help ill people.C.They helped physicians to cure diseases.D.They spilled blood when necessary.14.What can be known about barbers in the past from the passage?A.They were not held in high regard.B.They were respectable members of the society.C.They tried different types of work.D.They tried to become physicians.15.What might be discussed in the following paragraphs?A.The earnings of physicians and surgeons.B.The different lifestyles of physicians and surgeons.C.The different status of physicians and surgeons.D.The different contributions of physicians and surgeons.Passage FourA brush with death can actually improve a person’s outlook on life.That,at least, was one of the major findings of a study of some200people who come close to dying. Some had come through heart attack;some had fallen,come close to drowning;or survived a terrible car wreck,yet despite the variety of circumstances,they reported strikingly similar reactions to their experiences.Perhaps most surprisingly,many said they were less frightened of death now than they were before.Like most people,before their near-death incidents many had thought death would be painful,the ultimate horror—but they didn’t find it was.Surviving a nearly fatal experience also gave many people a sense of invulnerability（不会受伤害）that made them feel special and even religious.Several believed they had been saved because they were to fulfill some special mission in the remainder of their lives.Perhaps not so surprisingly,these survivors also reported an increased zest for life and a determination to enjoy life more.A few of the survivors did report negative reactions to their experience.A dozen said they felt more vulnerable,and some even felt a sense of helplessness and a loss of control over their lives.Some had become phobic about activities associated with the accident;for example,several said they could no longer swim for fear of drowning.Yet most of those interviewees said they came away with a strong sense of renewal or rebirth.In studying their reactions researchers have concluded that these people have come to understand the relationship of life and death better and more intimately than most of us,that they have come to understand how life is actually defined by death.Life is given meaning by the fact that it will end someday.16.What have you learned about the effects of near-death experiences on thesurvivors’life?A.They differ due to the variety of circumstances.B.They vary greatly from person to person.C.They are mostly positive in terms of their outlook on life.D.They are neither positive nor negative.17."Some had become phobic about activities..."(Line3,Para.5)How did they feelexactly?A.very clumsyB.very casualC.very curiousD.very fearful18.Which of the titles below best expresses the idea of this passage?A.How to Improve a Person’s Outlook on Life.B.The Effects of Near-Death Experiences.C.Is Death Really Horrible?D.Near-Death Accidents and their Survivors.19.The positive effect of near-death experience was that______________.A.some people loved life better because they realized its new meaningB.some people got a sense of vulnerability and became religiousC.some people were no longer afraid of death just because they proved to bereligiousD.some people wanted to seek extreme happiness because they knew life was toolimited20.Which effect of the near-death experience was the one that people had leastexpected?A.Some people felt more vulnerable.B.Some people did not worry too much about death any more.C.Some people paid more attention to the value of life.D.Some people tended to be too pessimistic about death.Passage FiveThe notion that the great apes,such as chimpanzees and gorillas,can imitate one another might seem unsurprising to anyone who has watched these animals playing at the zoo.But in scientific circles,the question of whether apes really do"ape"has become controversial.Consider a young chimpanzee watching his mother crack open a cola nut,as has been observed in the Tai Forest of Africa.In most cases,the youth will eventually take up the practice himself.How does he learn this?Is it because he copies it from his mother,or does the skill originate solely from trial and error?If the young animal copies adult behavior,then chimpanzees must have the ability to develop cultural traits,i.e.knowledge or skills passed down from generation to generation,instead of by genetic inheritance.However,if the young learns how to crack the nut exclusivelyby trial and error,then chimpanzees must,in a sense,reinvent the method each time they deal with a nut,and hence,no real cumulative culture can ever develop.The clearest way to establish how chimpanzees learn is through laboratory experiments.A team of scientists at Goldsmith's College,University of London,used artificial fruits to determine whether chimpanzees imitate or not.In a typical experiment,one group of chimpanzees watched a complex technique for opening a fruit,while a second group observed a very different method.Then the researchers recorded the extent to which the chimpanzees had been influenced by the method they observed.They also conducted similar experiments with three-year-old children as subjects.The results demonstrate that six-year-old chimpanzees show imitative behavior markedly like that seen in the children,although the preciseness of their copying tends to be poorer.In another experiment,chimpanzees copied an entire sequence of actions they had witnessed,but did so only after trying some alternatives. This suggests that they tended to imitate what they had observed others doing at the expense of their own trial-and-error discoveries.In the researchers'view,these findings indicate that apes do ape and that this ability forms one strand in cultural transmission.In other words,learning from elders is crucial to growing up as a competent wild chimpanzee.21.The word"ape"(Line3,Para.1)in the quotation marks probably means ___________.A.play at the zooB.crack a nutC.imitateD.transmit22.If a chimpanzee cracks a nut solely by trial and error,it suggests that ___________.A.the skill is genetically inheritedB.the skill is learned from othersC.the skill is unique to humansD.the skill is unique to wild animals23.Results from the research mentioned in Para.3show that___________.A.chimpanzees have little ability to imitate although they can open fruits skillfullyB.chimpanzees do imitate although their copying is less faithful than that of childrenC.chimpanzees can open artificial fruits only after observing how others do itD.chimpanzees imitate their elders in a manner different from how children do24.It can be concluded from the passage that___________.A.chimpanzees in the laboratory are better imitators than those in the wildB.chimpanzees in the laboratory crack nuts differently from those in the wildC.cultural transmission happens at the expense of individual discoveriesD.cultural transmission exists both among wild chimpanzees and in human society25.The main purpose of the passage is___________.A.to answer a scientific question by providing research findingsB.to explain the procedure of food gathering used by wild animalsC.to compare the differences between animal culture and human cultureD.to illustrate the methods of analyzing young animals'behaviorPassage SixMy friend Peter saunters over with his long-legged,deliberately slow gait,and gives me a pat on the cheek and a squeeze on the arm,which he administers as if he were bestowing a favor.He knows he’s a prize item in this room–a robust,single, intelligent male–and after making some desultory(散漫的)remarks,he proceeds to look around lazily,like a lion surveying his territory in the knowledge that he’s master of it.Lydia comes up to us,as usual humming with effusive excitement,her eyes shining as if there were no tomorrow.“Peter!”she exclaims,“you’re just the person I wanted to see!I had a phone call today from a TV station in Germany,and they want to do a show on which I think you should be a consultant.Oh,it would be sowonderful if it worked out!Maybe we could go to Berlin together...”The hum continues,a kind of bird song meant to attract males.But she’s making too much effort,and anyway,it’s the wrong song.Peter looks over her head,puts his hand on her shoulder,and says,“Ah,excuse me,I see somebody I know over there...”26.From the passage we can know Peter__________.A.has long legsB.pretends to be friendly to meC.has won a prizeD.is a playboy27.It can be inferred from the passage that__________.A.there are few men in the roomB.there are many unmarried women in the roomC.most of the people in the room are womenD.single men are hard to find28.From the passage we can know Lydia__________.A.is good at singingB.is good at imitating birdsC.is hard-workingD.is too enthusiastic29.Peter’s response to Lydia indicates that__________.A.he has no interest in herB.he has no interest in the TV showC.he doesn’t believe what she tells himD.he doesn’t think he can be a consultant30.What is implied by the author in the passage?A.She enjoys the party whole-heartedly.B.She doesn’t care what is going on.C.She feels detached from her surroundings.D.She detests the people in the room.广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试年度：2019年考试科目代码及名称：613-英语水平考试(自命题)适用专业：050201英语语言文学［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］一、Gap Filling选词填空（用单词列表选词完成段落）（30题，每题1分，共30分）Passage One:fill in the gaps with the proper form of given wordspose,exaggerate,accelerate,extinct,exist,perception，wealthy, magnify,starve,head,run,predict,abundant,conception,reduceFor many environmentalists,the world seems to be getting worse.They have developed a hit list of our main fears:natural resources are1out?The population is ever growing,leaving less and less to eat?Species are becoming2in vast numbers, and the planet's air and water are becoming ever more polluted.But a quick look at the facts shows a different picture.First,energy and other natural resources have become more3not less so,since the book'The Limits to Growth'was published in1972by a group of scientists.Second,more food is now produced per4 of the world's population than at any time in history.Fewer people are5.Third, although species are indeed becoming extinct,only about0.7%of them are expected to disappear in the next50years,not25~50%,as has so often been6.And finally, most forms of environmental pollution either appear to have been7,or are transient-associated with the early stages of industrialization and therefore best cured not by restricting economic growth,but by8it.One form of pollution-the release of greenhouse gases that causes global warming-does appear to be a phenomenon that is going to extend well into our future,but its total impact is unlikely to9a devastating problem.A bigger problem may well turn out to be an inappropriate response to it.Yet opinion polls suggest that many people nurture the belief that environmental standards are declining and some factors seem to cause this disjunction between10 and reality.Passage Two:fill in the gaps with the proper form of given wordstransplant,solution,gradually,transport,elemental,conflict,continually,mobile, couple,agriculture,including,compromise,require,primary,consistThe typical pre-industrial family not only had a good many children,but numerous other dependents as well---grandparents,uncles,aunts and cousins.Such"extended" families were suited for survival in slow paced11societies.But such families are hard to12.They are immobile.Industrialism demanded masses of workers ready and able to move off the land in pursuit of jobs,and to move again whenever necessary.Thus the extended family13 shed its excess weight and the so-called"nuclear"family emerged---a stripped-down, portable family unit14only of parents and a small set of children.This new style family,far more15than the traditional extended family,became the standard model in all the industrial counties.Super-industrialism,however,the next stage of eco-technological development,16 even higher mobility.Thus we may expect many among the people of the future to carry the streamlining process,a stepfather by remaining children,cutting the family down to its more17components,a man and a woman.Two people,perhaps with matched careers,will prove more efficient at navigating through education and social status,through job changes and geographic relocations,than the ordinarily child-cluttered family.A18may be the postponement of children,rather than childlessness.Men and women today are often torn in19between a commitment to career and a commitment to children.In the future,many20will sidestep this problem by deferring the entire task of raising children until after retirement.Passage Three:fill in the gaps with the proper form of given wordstip,slight,examine,specify,nuisance,associate,sensitive,indicate, superior，suspicious,peak,abundant,treat,prohibit,visual,prevent。
广东财经大学法律综合考研真题试题2009——2011年
考试年度：2009年 考试科目代码及名称：601-法律综合适用专业：030101-法学理论、030103-宪法学与行政法学030105-民商法学、030106-诉讼法学一、名词解释（10题，每题5分，共50分）1.法典编纂2.法的历史类型3.法律责任4.规范性法律文件的规范化5.提存6.职务发明7.表见代理8.间接故意9.教唆犯10.假释二、简答题（5题，每题10分，共50分）1.简述法律解释的必要性。
（10分）2.简述我国社会主义法治理念的内涵。
（10分）3.简要比较行纪合同与居间合同。
（10分）4.简述数罪并罚的概念和特点。
（10分）5.一般缓刑适用的条件有哪些？（10分）三、论述题（2题，每题25分，共50分）1.试根据刑法规定，论述犯罪未遂的特征和处罚原则，以及犯罪未遂与犯罪预备、犯罪中止、犯罪既遂的关键区别（25分）2.试论述不安抗辩权。
(25 分)考试年度：2010年 考试科目代码及名称：601-法律综合适用专业：030101-法学理论、030103-宪法学与行政法学030105-民商法学、030106-诉讼法学［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］一、名词解释（10题，每题5分，共50分）1.法律继承2.立法3.法律论证4. 身份权5.代位继承6.先履行抗辩权7.善意取得8.犯罪中止9.刑罚10．犯罪过失二、简答题（5题，每题10分，共50分）1.简述法律行为的特征2.简述法律解释的必要性3.简述表见代理的构成要件4.简述缔约过失责任的构成要件5.简述犯罪客体与犯罪对象的区别三、论述题（2题，每题25分，共50分）1.论法律责任的认定与归结的原则2.论刑事责任能力考试年度：2011年 考试科目代码及名称：601-法律综合适用专业：030101-法学理论、030103-宪法学与行政法学030105-民商法学、030106-诉讼法学［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］一、名词解释（10题，每题5分，共50分）1．法律部门2．法律规则3．司法体系4．民事义务5．宣告失踪6．物上请求权7．债的履行8．犯罪的主观方面9．拘役10．故意犯罪的停止形态二、简答题（5题，每题10分，共50分）1．简述法律原则与法律规则的区别。
2023年广东财经大学研究生自主命题考试真题 613 英语水平考试
广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试年度：2023年考试科目代码及名称：613-英语水平考试(自命题)适用专业：050201 英语语言文学［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］I.Multiple Choice：Choose one correct answer among the following 4 items.(30分，每题1分，共30题)1. The actual damage to the brain cells is ________ to the damage caused to theblood supply.A. secondB. secondlyC. secondaryD. secondment2. In this decade of politics, many more women have become ________.A. magistersB. magistratesC. magnistorsD. magnetizers3. When Hamlet murmured “To be, or not to be,” he was faced with a(n)________ dilemma.A. agonizingB. approvingC. relievingD. nagging4. The new economic plan seeks to achieve a more equitable ________ ofwealth.A. attributionB. contributionC. distributionD. resolution5. The CEO was ________ for his indecisiveness during the period of economiccrisis.A. censuringB. censuredC. censurablyD. censorious6. He is such a man whose ________ pursuit of excellence is conducted withsingle-minded determination.A. relentlessB. deplorableC. ingratiatingD. torrential7. Harvard is one of the best-equipped and most ________ schools in the country.A. adorableB. conceivableC. prestigiousD. scrutinous8. The Prime Minister is now firmly ________ in Downing Street with a largemajority.A. avowedB. ensconcedC. exasperatedD. pleaded9. He was a Puritan who tried effectively to ________ the ancient customs of hiscountry.A. announceB. denounceC. pronounceD. renounce10. We rushed out of the shop in hot pursuit, but the thief had ________ into thinair.A. brokenB. appealedC. twistedD. vanished11. The press in Zambia had broken its links with the South only to ________new ones with the British press and its allied agencies.A. applaudB. implementC. forgeD. administer12. It was this Washington Department which ________ the restrictions onstrategic exports to the Soviet Union and its friends.A. contendedB. pledgedC. enforcedD. implored13. Poems and stories alike reveal a ________ concern for the victims ofoppression and tyranny: Welsh miners, private soldiers, women, andchildren.A. compassionateB. customaryC. conservativeD. crude14. Caring is not an ________ female preoccupation.A. inclusiveB. exclusiveC. conclusiveD. prevalent15. The brilliance of the morning caused her to vow that Doreen would be unableto spoil that particular part of the day, and suddenly the last ________ of her previous depression vanished.A. prestigeB. prospectC. vestigeD. privilege16. Rejecting their doubts about the new policy, the reformers in the government_____ the young people’s sense of nationalistic duty, though.A. appalledB. applaudedC. appealedD. appealing17. Normally in Shakespeare’s Sonnets we find a truly dramatic dialoguebetween two characters: the _____ of the poet himself (the speaking “I”) anda "you", the actor playing the role of a lovely boy, a worthy or unworthymistress, possibly a rival poet.A. personB. personalC. personnelD. persona18. The current official view is that mergers are part and parcel of thecompetitive process, _____ restrictive practices which impede that process.A. as supposed toB. as inferior toC. as opposed toD. as opposite to19. An individual who is considered wealthy, affluent, or rich is someone whohas _____ substantial wealth relative to others in their society or reference group.A. stimulatedB. accumulatedC. formulatedD. simulated20. The combined effects of the new central grant and the business rate seemlikely to benefit suburban areas to the _____ of the urban cores.A. detrimentB. harmC. deteriorationD. loss21. Developing students’ non-intelligence factors, or, advocatingquality-oriented education, is a _____ of current educational thinking in China.A. passwordB. headwordC. bywordD. crossword22. Philosophy, _____ it is the articulation of the concepts, dilemmas,explanations and abstractions of a culture, will only be half the story unless both genders contribute equally.A. so far asB. so farC. as farD. in so far as23. It’s reported that 60% of NBA players and 78% of NFL players file forbankruptcy within five years of retirement as a result of keeping up with _____.A. the JonesesB. the JohnsC. the SmithsD. the Browns24. There is considerable evidence that a person does not purely feel hungry as aresult of th e body’s homeostatic function. External factors such as learned behavior can be extremely powerful over _____ biological drives.A. accordinglyB. increasinglyC. baselyD. seemingly25. The perceived cultural supremacy affected virtually all the Europeans andultimately led to exploitation and _____ of blacks as slaves on a permanent basis.A. supplicationB. submissionC. subjugationD. subordination26. However, it is not always recognized that individuality is itself a culturalconcept: there can be no private independent real person ________ from the cultural values which define the society in which the individual lives.A. disassociatedB. associatedC. disregardedD. discriminated27. Arid deserts, vast savannah lands, huge lakes and 480 kilometres ofmagnificent beachland…no wonder Kenya is rumoured to be the site of the ________ Garden of Eden.A. fabledB. infamousC. arduousD. enlightened28. A family with more than one child may be so ________ at meal-times that themother is too preoccupied with feeding the youngest so that she fails to seewhat is happening with the others.A. fanaticalB. maniacalC. chaoticD. adorable29. Pauling showed a ________ for geology at 12, and chemistry at 13. Hischildhood curiosity about the way atoms stick together in crystals led to aNobel Prize for unlocking the secrets of chemical bonds.A. styleB. flairC. abilityD. genius30. This strike and subsequent marches took on political _______ of opposition tothe Stroessner regime and thus became a solidarity issue for students who joined the protest.A. overtonesB. travestyC. salvationD. suspicionII.Proofreading and Error Correction：The following passages contains fifteen errors altogether. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. Correct the errors and write the answers on your answer sheet. (30分，每空2分，共15题)Passage OneOne question is often risen in response to international 1test comparisons: Do these results really mean anything? Inthe past, international testing programs have been criticizedon variety of grounds. Two allegations, in particular, have 2been common: first, that other nations have not tested as largea percentage of their student population, and nevertheless their 3scores have been inflated; and second, that our best students areamong the world’s best, with our average bro ught down by a 4large cohort of low-achievers.Whatever the historic validity of such concerns, they are now, 5if anything, reversed. Particularly in the fourth and eighth grade,education has become universal in all of the leading nations.Therefore, in science, the percentage of randomly selected 6U. S. schools and students that actually did participate at theeighth-grade level was just 73 percent—the third-lowest of all45 participating countries, and 11 percentage points under the 7United States had third-lowest overall participation rate for both 8grades in both subjects. Japan, Taiwan and Singapore all hadparticipation percentages in the 90s.Passage TwoLong ago there was a prince who unwisely confided the media 9that while tending his loved garden, he often talked to his plants. 10 He also warned his future subjects about losing touch with theirnatural surrounding and their rich cultural heritage. But the people 11 scoffed and said it was the fuddy-duddy Prince and was out of 12 touch. And they shook heads at the madness of the Prince’ s forebear,King George Ш, who famously talked with a tree he hadmistaken the King of Prussia. 13 These days Britain’s Prince of Wales is still considered a tadeccentric. But increasingly, Charles Philip Windsor is winning applausefor his campaign to combat that he calls the wanton destruction 14 that has taken place with the name of progress. For 30 years 15 the Prince has been in the forefront to promote kinder, gentlerfarming methods, protect Britai n’s countryside from urban sprawl; improvecity landscapes; and safeguard the nation’s architecturalheritage. And whereas his was once a lonely if plumy voice crying inthe wilderness, the Prince has seen many of his once maverickopinions become mainstream.III.Sentence Completion：Fill in the following banks with the correct words and the correct forms of the words given according to the meanings of the sentences. (30分，每题2分，共15题)1.articulationThere is little doubt that, had ______ speech not evolved, self-awareness, rational thought and social evolution would all have been greatly inhibited in their development.2.equanimousThe regular, monotonous monastic discipline gave the monks a peace and______ which they saw as a tranquil experience of God which was fully intune with their normal lives.3.proliferatePreparatory schools ______ to replace tuition at home and to provide a middle-class alternative to the Board Schools following compulsory education in 1870.4.antitheticHis laughter was harsh; a bitter, broken sound; the ______ of laughter.5.pregnableToday, gazing out from Beeston's summit, you may feel that such a castle must have been ______.6.apprehensionThe new arrivals are steered into jobs and told, under threat, to start repaying the huge debt that they contracted under the ______ that instant wealth would be theirs once they arrived.7.requiteIn the evenings there was sometimes singing on deck to the accompaniment ofa guitar, and sorrowful music it was too, because the songs were nearly alwaysabout broken hearts, ______ love, or dear ones lost at sea.8.quintessenceAlthough Canaletto is Italian, this is a ______ British painting.9.grossResearch shows that a very high proportion of prisoners come from abackground of ________ limited educational and economic opportunity.10.asceticThe founders and earliest practitioners of ________ lived extremely austerelifestyles, refraining from sensual pleasures and the accumulation of materialwealth.11.creditRumours that he had been deliberately poisoned were generally ________,but the exact cause of his death was never found.12.pretendAs many plants are called by different ‘popular’ names in different countri es,using the scientific name, ________ as it might sound, is sometimes the onlyway to check out correct identification.13.partialThe courts have always said that dishonesty and ________ are valid reasonsfor refusing to uphold an expert's decision.14.fixHe is an overprotective father, so over the years he has developed anunhealthy ______ on stories of children having horrible accidents.15.stoicThe people of this country have _____ responded to the worst disaster thathas overtaken them in modern times, some even heroically.IV.Reading Comprehension：In this section, there are six to eight reading passages followed by a total of thirty multiple-choice questions. Read the passages carefully and then choose the correct answer. (60分，每题2分，共30题)Passage OneStudents of United States history, seeking to identify the circumstances that encouraged the emergence of feminist movements, have thoroughly investigated the mid-nineteenth-century American economic and social conditions that affected the status of women. These historians, however, have analyzed less fully the development of specifically feminist ideas and activities during the same period. Furthermore, the ideological origins of feminism in the United States have been obscured because, even when historians did take into account those feminist ideas and activities occurring within the United States, they failed to recognize that feminism was then a truly international movement actually centered in Europe. American feminist activists who have been described as “solitary” and “individual theorists” were in reality connected to a movement —utopian socialism —which was already popularizing feminist ideas in Europe during the two decades that culminated in the first women’s rights conference held at Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848. Thus, a complete understanding of the origins and development of nineteenth-century feminism in the United States requires that the geographical focus be widened to include Europe and that the detailed study already made of social conditions be expanded to include the ideological development of feminism.The earliest and most popular of the utopian socialists were the Saint-Simonians. The specifically feminist part of Saint-Simonianism has, however, been less studied than the group’s contribution to early socialism. This is regrettable on two counts. By 1832 feminism was the central concern of Saint-Simonianism and entirely absorbed its adherents’ energy; hence, by ignoring its feminism European historians have misunderstood Saint-Simonianism. Moreover, since many feminist ideas can be traced to Saint-Simonianism, European historians’ appreciation of later feminism in France and the United States remained limited.Saint-Simon’s followers, many of whom were women, based their feminism on an interpretation of his project to reorganize the globe by replacing brute force with the rule of spiritual powers. The new world order would be ruled together by a male, to represent reflection, and a female, to represent sentiment. This complementarity reflects the fact that, while the Saint-Simonians did not reject the belief that there were innate differences between men and women, they nevertheless foresaw an equally important social and political role for both sexes in their Utopia.Only a few Saint-Simonians opposed a definition of sexual equality based on gender distinction. This minority believed that individuals of both sexes were born similar in capacity and character, and they attributed male-female differences to socialization and education. The envisioned result of both currents of thought, however, was that women would enter public life in the new age and that sexual equality would reward men as well as women with an improved way of life.1. It can be inferred that the author considers those historians who describe early feminists in the United States as “solitary” to be __________.A. insufficiently familiar with the international origins of nineteenth-centuryAmerican feminist thoughtB. overly concerned with the regional diversity of feminist ideas in the periodbefore 1848C. not focused narrowly enough in their geo-graphical scopeD. insufficiently aware of the ideological consequences of the Seneca Fallsconference2. According to the passage, which of the following is true of the Seneca Falls conference on women’s rights?A. It was primarily a product of nineteenth-century Saint-Simonian feministthought.B. It was the work of American activists who were independent of feministsabroad.C. It was the culminating achievement of the Utopian socialist movement.D. It was a manifestation of an international movement for social change andfeminism.3. The author’s attitude toward most European historians who have studied the Saint-Simonians is primarily one of __________.A. approval of the specific focus of their researchB. disapproval of their lack of attention to feminism that absorbed most of theSaint-Simonians' energyC. approval of their general focus on social conditionsD. disapproval of their lack of attention to links between the Saint-Simonians and their American counterparts4. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes that study of Saint-Simonianism is necessary for historians of American feminism because such study __________.A. would clarify the ideological origins of those feminist ideas that influencedAmerican feminismB. would increase understanding of a movement that deeply influenced the Utopiansocialism of early American feministsC. would focus attention on the most important aspect of Saint-Simonian thought before 1832D. promises to offer insight into a movement that was a direct outgrowth of the Seneca Falls conference of 18485. According to the passage, which of the following would be the most accurate description of the society envisioned by most Saint-Simonians?A. A society in which women were highly regarded for their extensive education.B. A society in which the two genders played complementary roles and had equalstatus.C. A society in which women did not enter public life.D. A social order in which a body of men and women would rule together on thebasis of their spiritual power.Passage TwoStratford-upon-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry —William Shakespeare — but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sa ndals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus —and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side —don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their play going. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespea re Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) —lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the paving stones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.6. From the first two paragraphs, we learn that __________.A. the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s revenueB. the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stageC. the townsfolk and the RSC are on good termsD. the townsfolk earn little from tourism7. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that __________.A. the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separatelyB. the playgoers spend more money than the sightseersC. the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoersD. the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater8. By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Line 2, Paragraph 4), the author implies that __________.A. Stratford cannot afford the expansion projectsB. Stratford has long been in financial difficultiesC. the town is not really short of moneyD. the townsfolk used to be poorly paid9. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because __________.A. ticket prices have been raised much to cover the spendingB. the company is financially ill-managedC. the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptableD. the theatre attendance is on the rise10. From the text we can conclude that the author __________.A. is supportive of both sidesB. favors the townsfolk’s viewC. takes a detached attitudeD. is sympathetic to the RSCPassage ThreeThe tourist trade contributes absolutely nothing to increasing understanding between nations.The tourist trade is booming. With all this coming and going, you'd expect greater understanding to develop between the nations of the world. Not a bit of it! Superb systems of communication by air, sea and land make it possible for us to visit each other's countries at a moderate cost. What was once the 'grand tour', reserved for only the very rich, is now within everybody's grasp. The package tour and chartered flights are not to be sneered at. Modern travelers enjoy a level of comfort which the lords and ladies on grand tours in the old days couldn't have dreamed of. But what's the sense of this mass exchange of populations if the nations of the world remain basically ignorant of each other?Many tourist organizations are directly responsible for this state of affairs. They deliberately set out to protect their clients from too much contact with the local population. The modern tourist leads a cosseted, sheltered life. He lives at international hotels, where he eats his international food and sips his international drink while he gazes at the natives from a distance. Conducted tours to places of interest are carefully censored. The tourist is allowed to see only what the organizers want him to see and no more. A strict schedule makes it impossible for the tourist to wander off on his own. And anyway, language is always a barrier, so he is only too happy to be protected in this way. At its very worst, this leads to a new and hideous kind of colonization. The summer quarters of the inhabitants of the cite universitaireare temporarily reestablished on the island of Corfu. Blackpool is recreated at Torremolinos where the traveler goes not to eat paella, but fish and chips.The sad thing about this situation is that it leads to the persistence of national stereotypes. We don’t see the people of other nations as they really are, but as we have been brought up to believe they are. You can test this for yourself. Take five nationalities, say, French, German, English, American and Italian. Now in your mind, match them with these five adjectives: musical, amorous, cold, pedantic, native. Far from providing us with any insight into the national characteristics of the peoples just mentioned, these adjectives actually act as barriers. So when you set out on your travels, the only characteristics you notice are those which confirm your preconceptions. You come away with the highly unoriginal and inaccurate impression that, say, ‘Anglo-Saxons are hypocrites’ or that ‘Latin peoples shout a lot’. You only have to make a few foreign friends to understand how absurd and harmful national stereotypes are. But how can you make foreign friends when the tourist trade does its best to prevent you?Carried to an extreme, stereotypes can be positively dangerous. Wild generalizations stir up racial hatred and blind us to the basic fact —how trite it sounds — that all people are human. We are all similar to each other and at the same time all unique.11. The best title for this passage is _______.A. Tourism contributes nothing to increasing understanding between nationsB. Tourism is tiresomeC. Conducted tour is dullD. Tourism really does something to one's country12. What is the author's attitude toward tourism?A. Apprehensive.B. Negative.C. Critical.D. Appreciative.13. Which of the following words is likely to summarize Latin people?A. Silent.B. Noisy.C. Lively.D. Active.14. The purpose of the author’s criticism is to point out _______.A. conducted tour is disappointingB. the way of touring should be changedC. when traveling, you notice characteristics which confirm preconceptionD. national stereotypes should be changed15. What is ‘grand tour’ now?A. Moderate cost.B. Local sight-seeing is investigated by the tourist organization.C. People enjoy the first-rate comforts.D. Everybody can enjoy the ‘grand tour’.Passage FourJoy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when other people are happy or despondent? It turns out that the expression of many emotions may be universal. Smiling is apparently a universal sign of friendliness and approval. Baring the teeth in a hostile way, as noted by Charles Darwin in the nineteenth century, may be a universe sign of anger. As the originator of the theory of evolution, Darwin believed that the universal recognition of facial expressions would have survival value. For example, facial expressions could signal the approach of enemies (or friends) in the absence of language.Most investigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotions in a people. Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions. In classic research Paul Ekman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. He then asked people around the world to indicate what emotions were being depicted in them. Those queried ranged from European college students to members of the Fore, a tribe that dwells in the New Guinea highlands.All groups including the Fore, who had almost no contact with Western culture, agreed on the portrayed emotions. The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would respond if they were the characters in stories that called for basic emotional responses. Ekman and his colleagues more recently obtained similar results in a study of ten cultures in which participants were permitted to report that multiple emotions were shown by facial expressions. The participants generally agreed on which two emotions were being shown and which emotion was more intense.Psychological researchers generally recognize that facial expressions reflect emotional states. In fact, various emotional states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in the facial muscles and in the brain. The facial-feedback hypothesis argues, however, that the causal relationship between emotions and facial expressions can also work in the opposite direction. According to this hypothesis, signals from the facial muscles ("feedback") are sent back to emotion centers of the brain, and so a person's facial expression can influence that person's emotional state.Psychological research has given rise to some interesting findings concerning the facial-feedback hypothesis. Causing participants in experiments to smile, for example, leads them to report more positive feelings and to rate cartoons (humorous drawings of people or situations) as being more humorous. When they are caused to frown, they rate cartoons as being more aggressive.16. The word “despondent” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to __________.A. curiousB. unhappyC. thoughtfulD. uncertain17. The author mentions "baring the teeth in a hostile way" in order to __________.A. differentiate one possible meaning of a particular facial expression from othermeanings of itB. support Darwin's theory of evolutionC. provide an example of a facial expression whose meaning is widely understoodD.contrast a facial expression that is easily understood with other facial expressions18. The word concur in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to __________.A. estimateB. agreeC. expectD. understand19. According to Paragraph 3, which of the following was true of the Fore people of New Guinea?A. They did not want to be shown photographs.B. They were famous for their story-telling skills.C. They knew very little about Western culture.D. They did not encourage the expression of emotions.20. The facial-feedback hypothesis argues __________.A. a person's facial expression can influence that person's emotional state.B. if participants in experiments smile, they would see the world in a sad way.C. various emotional states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in thefacial muscles and in the brain.D. causal relationship between emotions and facial expressions cannot work in theopposite direction.。
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欢迎报考广东商学院硕士研究生，祝你考试成功！（第 1 页共 8 页）
广东商学院硕士研究生入学考试试卷
考试年度：2009年考试科目代码及名称：603-普通语言学适用专业：050201-英语语言文学
一、名词解释（10题，每题3分，共30分）
1. category
2. semantic components
3. schemata
4. linguistic universality
5. duality
6. metalingual function
7. minmal pair
8. inflection
9. cooperative principle
10. validity
二、判断题（5题，每题8分，共40分）
Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully and decide whether it is true or false. Write T for true and F for false in the bracket. 1.( )
The Chinese expressions “吃饭了吗？” “家里都好吗？” “这是去哪啊？” etc. are examples of displacement.
2. ( )
Gradable antonymy is the sense relation between two antonyms which differ in terms of degree while complementary antonymy is the sense relation between two antonyms which are complementary to each other.
3. ( )
In the example: “He couldn‟t open the door. It was locked tight”, the relation between “the door” and “It” is that of substitution.
4. ( )
A phoneme in one language or one dialect may be an allophone in another language or dialect.
5. ( )
A speaker flouts the Maxim of Quantity when his contributions to the conversation are not truthful.
三、简答题（5题，每题8分，共40分）
1. 1. Find the sources of the following blends. (1 point for each)
1。