学术综合英语unit1-5课后习题答案
新核心综合学术英语教程unit答案全
综合学术英语教程3 答案Unit 1 DefinitionKeys to the ExercisesTask 1 Familiarizing Yourself with DefinitionReading1 Great Leaps in Modern Technology2. Technology, on the other hand, is more of an applied science. It is where tools and knowledgeare used for the study of a particular science. For example, the science of energy can havetechnology as its application. In the case of energy as a subject in science, solar panels can beused for a variety of technologies, an example of which are solar-powered lights.From the following website:#ixzz37toZQcugTask 2 Understanding Lectures through DefinitionListening 11. phobia, hypnophobia, cynophobia, aerophobia2. 1) T 2) F 3) F 4) T 5) T 6) T 7) F 8) F3.Task 3 Reading Definition Articles1. 1) Indigenous knowledge means knowledge belonging to the country, rather than beingbrought there from another country.2) All the list items will probably be included since the title is rather broad and general.3) For open discussion2. 1) International knowledge system.2) Knowledge capital, physical and financial capital.3) It contains the skills, experiences and insights of people, applied tomaintain or improve their4) Medicine and veterinary medicine.5) It is considered the social capital, meaning an essential resource forsurvival and means ofsustenance and livelihood.6) a) It is inappropriate for new challenges or it adapts too slowly; b)The introduction offoreign technologies or development concepts that promise short-term gains or solutions toproblems that they cannot sustain.7) Agriculture, animal husbandry and ethnic veterinary medicine, primaryhealth care,preventive medicine and psychosocial care, saving and lending.8) A higher variance of traits, less susceptible to the frequent droughts, reduce risks.9) a) Indigenous knowledge is vital for its bearers; b) Become fully awareof its value andcontributions to the intended objectives; c) It is an integral part of global knowledge in itsown right.10) An integration or combination of indigenous knowledge and foreign knowledge.Reading 2 Indigenous Knowledge3. 1) r. override 2) j. expertise 3) d. intimate 4) a. unanimous 5) g.intrusion6) u. dissemination 7) c. insights 8) l. susceptible 9) n. incorporating10) f. vanish11) m. interaction 12) s. scenario 13) i. detrimental 14) p. implement15) k. alleviation16) b. encompass 17) o. validate 18) h. impending 19) e. interweave 20) t. rational4. For reference:The two articles both employ definitions for the introduction of the terms and examples tovalidate each facet. Both use classifications, descriptions, comparison and contrast for furtheranalysis. One big difference lies in the perspective to view the title, with the first a ratherholistic discussion ranging from the status quo to the settlement of the existing problems andthe second a partial focus on chiefly its applications.Reading 3 Ultrasonics5. 1) component 2) accumulate 3) spherical 4) navigate 5) fatigue6) harness 7) version 8) synonymous 9) inhibit 10) integrity11) uniform 12) detect 13) incidence 14) monitor 15) probe16) intensity 17) convert 18) proceed 19) visualize 20) inspect6. Attention: there is a mistake here, the first should be Para. KPara. K—e Para. B—a Para. C—c Para. D—f Para. E—hPara. F—d Para. G—j Para. H—i Para. I—b Para. J—g7. 1) E 2) F 3) Para. E 4) E 5) F 6) Para. H 7) Para. H 8) E8. For open discussionTask 4 Writing an Essay of DefinitionReading 4 Disruptive Technologies1.5. For reference only1) Natural breathing will be provided by the robot for the patient during surgery.2) The pressure will have to be reduced by us.3) All instruments need to be sterilized.4) For us, some physical and technical factors may be considered/ taken into consideration.5) If we make sustained efforts, there is a chance that the environment will be improved.6) Some specific demands of the scientific establishment have to be made.7) The presence of the country has been felt more than ever by the wholeworld.8) It seems that other explanations are hard to be found.9) The interaction between organism and environment is being perceived.10) The tests work most effectively if what will be measured can be most precisely defined.Integrated Exercises2. 1) component 2) integrity 3) mobilize 4) option 5) monitor 6) navigate7) encompass8) compromise 9) incorporate 10) implement 11) impending 12) scenario 3. 1) The survey encompasses social, political, and economic aspects of the situation.2) In some countries power is synonymous with corruption.3) The strike shut down many airports, but international f lights were unaffected.4) The scenery is beautiful but inaccessible to most ordinary travelers.5) The conflict deprived him of the means of livelihood.6) Such animals can withstand the extremes of weather.7) The rise in the time spent on the Internet is concomitant with the massive loss ofsociability.8) Many inventions such as gunpowder and the compass originated in China.9) The frequency of mining accidents has decreased over the past 10 years.10) The maximum number of places offered by the medical school for theapplicants is 15.5. 1) Scientists should warn people about PM 2.5 and the need to restrict their children’soutdoor activities to avoid even the minimal damage.2) The local government has implemented a development program for the mountain climbersto leave the surrounding region unaffected.3) We can reduce the risks to zero since we are sure of what risks they are running.4) To combat your anxiety, you should compel yourself to visualize apromising future in which a problem has already been settled.5) He holds that developed countries should be held accountable foreconomic growth on a global scale.6) Trash is not yet fully utilized, leading to overlooking the potential in it.7) A large number of females choose the option of personal finance toachieve control of their own lives.8)The university has decided to invest in the project because it has manytechnical advantages over other similar ones.9) Trees can provide shelter for both man and animals, which we tend to overlook.10) We are trying to achieve a sound understanding of liberal arts courses,which encompasses a wide range of subjects.Listening 2A. (1) F (2) T (3) T (4) F (5) T (6) T (7) TB. (1) Clouding computing is about the provision of computer resources likeSaaS, PaaS, and infrastructure provision while private computingisn’t.(2) 67.(3) Because the Industrial Revolution is not a thing, and it cannot bedefined by some specific products. It is a transformation or atransition involving concepts, ideas, ways of production, changingattitudes, etc.(4) Because it is more than just technology, as the speaker furthercompares it to electricity, which has transformed from an innovationto much more of a utility service.(5) Ubiquitous.Listening 3A. (1) C (2) B (3) A (4) C (5) DB. compressed, whisper, external, pockets, panic, assembly, psychological,reflection, simultaneous, architecture, figure out, legitimate, instantaneous, clicking, addictedC. (1) B, C (2) CUnit 2 ClassificationKeys to the ExercisesTask 1 Familiarizing Yourself with Classification1. 1) Man-made or anthropogenic causes, and natural causes.2) Pollution (burning fossil fuels, mining coal and oil, etc.), theproduction of CO2 ( the increase of population, the demolition of trees, etc.).3) CO2 is a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the Earth’s atmosphere.4) Classification helps us to determine and understand the relationshipof the parts of a subject which is studied by us. Classification is made on the basis of a clear definition.5) In order to make a clear and logic classification, one needs to followa principle of classification and go on with a system consistently.For example, the categories of classification should be mutually exclusive and no overlapping is allowed.Reading 1 Causes for Global Warming2. Coal is the most abundant fossil fuel resource. It provides aboutone-quarter of the total energy the world uses, and 40 percent of the electricity generated worldwide is powered by coal. The steel industry also is greatly dependent upon this fossil fuel. Like other depleting sources of global energy, coal reserves are also on a steep decline.Moreover, coal is a greenhouse gas nightmare. Natural gas is comprised mostly of methane, although it also contains ethane, propane and butane.It is a convenient and efficient energy source. The major consumers of natural gas are the residential, commercial and industrial sectors. It is also used to generate electricity. Unlike other fossil fuels, naturalgas is cleaner and causes less pollution. Like other fossil fuels, this resource is depleting rapidly.Task 2 Understanding Lectures through ClassificationListening 11. Unconscious motivation, unconscious conflict, the id, the ego, the superego, etc.2. 1) T 2) F 3) F 4) F 5) T 6) F 7) T 8) F3. Idea One: The existence of an unconscious motivationIdea Two: The notion of unconscious dynamics or conflict4. There are two interesting ideas in Freud’s theory: first, the existenceof unconscious motivation; second, the concept of unconscious conflict.Freud believes that unconscious motivation might play an important role in a lot of situations, such as marriage, forgetting a person’s name, calling out the wrong name etc. In his view, there are three processes going on in the head, namely, id, ego and superego, which are in violent internal conflict. Id functions on “the Pleasure Principle”, while egoworks on “the Reality Principle” and superego is the internalized rules of a society. Ego is in between id and superego.Task 3 Reading Classification ArticlesReading 2 Renewable Energy Sources—A Brief Summary1. 1) Renewable energy is energy which comes from natural resources suchas sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat, which are renewable (naturally replenished).2)□√ The purpose of using renewable energy sources.□√ The classification of renewable energy sources.□√ The examples of different types of renewable energy sources.□√ The advantages and disadvantages of various types of renewable energy sources.□√ The history of the use of different energy sources.□ How energy is obtained from various sources.3) I would write:(1) The definition of the renewable energy.(2) The classification of the renewable energy.(3) The advantages and the disadvantages of various types of renewable energy sources.2. 1) The signing of the Kyoto Treaty.2) It converts the sun’s rays into energy.3) The main demerit is that it is limited.4) Sailors, farmers and architects.5) The main advantage is that this doesn’t produce any by-products thatcan be harmful to the environment.6) Because the Earth’s crust continuously decays, replenishing the heat.7) They use the force of the water to push the turbine which in turn powersa generator thus generating electricity.8) It poses a problem for fish and aquatic plants on both sides of the dam.9) They contain no petroleum, and they are nontoxic and biodegradable.10) The Environmental Protection Agency.3. 1) j. evolution 2) s. solar 3) a. architect 4) l. geothermal 5) p. preserve6) b. biodegradable 7) r. radioactive 8) f. crusade 9) h. distribute 10) q. radiant11) i. domestic 12) t. validation 13) k. generator 14) d. capture 15)g. definitely16) n. install 17) e. consumption 18) m. harness 19) o. internal 20) c. bladeReading 3 Types of Pollution5. 1) voluntary 2) construction 3) contamination 4) eruption 5) regulation6) deforestation 7) yield 8) irrigation 9) confine 10) sewage11) hazardous 12) residential 13) vapor 14) decay 15) erosion16) disrupt 17) particulate 18) underground 19) concentration 20) combat6.7.8. My summary is: Even if solar energy is limited, it enjoys a long historyand has been advancing constantly, thus enabling us to convert heat into electricity, which can be stored, ready for use.Task 4 Writing an Essay of ClassificationReading 4 Types of Sustainability1.5. 1) Declarative sentences are mostly employed in academic writing, despitethe occasional utilizations of interrogative sentences.2) To support the truths, reliable evidence is quoted by scholars in all disciplines.3) Much importance should be attached to the comprehension of thedifference between education and training.4) A person who exposes himself to the sunlight for excessive time issusceptible to malignant melanoma.5) Students doing temporary jobs display a better performance in their academic studies.6) American frontier is deeply rooted in many aspects of American character.7) The direct involvement of many a foreign country is evident in theprocess of US territorial expansion.8) Parents need to equipped with much care and knowledge while raising a kid.9) Environment plays a vital role in the growth of plants.10) In the past, Beijing was ravaged by dust storms for 20 days annually. Integrated Exercises2. 1) motivation 2) demolish 3) symptom 4) combat 5) capture 6) distribute7) assert 8) yield9) internal 10) emergence 11) adherence 12) disrupt3. 1) Internet access is available in the students’ dormitory.2) If you can harness your energy, you’ll be rewarded with huge accomplishments.3) It has been confirmed that foul weather is highly hazardous for sea navigation.4) The governmental nuclear waste disposal plan aroused fierce protestsfrom the local residents.5) Extinction of this rare species of bird is foreseeable if effective measures are not taken.6) While delivering a public speech, a speaker must articulate his/her arguments.7) I highly esteem his current research on stem cells.8) A speaker cannot always secure the cooperation of the audience.9) The car industry of this country is sheltered by its government from foreign competition.10) Even a moderate elevation of blood pressure leads to shortened life expectancys.5. 1) The effective disposal of the recognized sources of pollutiondemonstrates to be of great aid in the elevation of people’s quality of life.2) Since the rapid evolution of technology, the lifestyles of thegenerations ahead of us will witness a revolutionized change.3) Tapping heat from the Earth enables the residents of resource-poorregions to combat the poor conditions.4) The downside of the practice of fertilizing the soil by burning strawsis the fact that the released dusts and particles pose a serious problem for the health of the respiratory system.5) This campaign, organized by environmentally conscious individuals,has a measurable effect on the general improvement of all the people’s environmental protection awareness.6) The history of deforestation can date back to two millenniums ago,which has deteriorated constantly in the modern times, leading to a huge loss of wildlife habitat.7) During the visit to Huangshan (Yellow Mountain), the tourists wereamazed at how nature works wonders, realizing that beauty is only sustainable if all of us care for the environment around us.8) Drug abuse is a general degradation of lifestyle, causing immediate health effects.9) Oil leakage in the mainstream river considerably decreases thequantity of drinkable water; what’s worse, the adverse effects are not confined to areas near the source.10) Luckily, the pollution inflicted by this accident will be effectivelyremoved through natural cycles, not having a negative impact on the environment.Listening 2A. (1) T (2) F (3) F (4) F (5) T (6) F (7) FB. (1) The individual’s potential and the importance of growth and self-actualization.(2) The lower one.(3) By providing lunch breaks, rest breaks and sufficient wages to purchase essentials.(4) The love and belonging needs.(5) They are self-aware, concerned with personal growth, less concernedwith the opinions of other people, and interested in fulfilling their potential.C. This lecture is about Maslow’s theory of the hierarchy of needs, namelyphysiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. Physiological needs are the most basic and instinctive ones, which must be satisfied first. Safety needs refer tothe needs for safety and security, also important for survival. Social needs include the needs for belonging, love and affection, the deprivation of which leads to unhappiness. Esteem needs reflect on personal worth, social recognition and accomplishment; if unmet, it may lead to inferiority complex. Self-actualization needs are at the highest level, meaning to realize a person’s full potential, capacities and talents.Listening 3A. (1) A (2) A (3) D (4) C (5) BB. classically, runny nose, sore throat, intrigued, initially, clinically,alludes to, building up, immune, alongside, shuffling, rip through, hospitalizationsC. (1) B C E(2) ① A B C ② A B ③ A B ④ A B ⑤ A B C ⑥ C ⑦ A ⑧ A ⑨ A ⑩ A CUnit 3 Comparison and ContrastKeys to the ExercisesTask 1 Familiarizing Yourself with Comparison and Contrast1. 1) Electric vehicles and gas vehicles.2) The energy they used, the distance, the cost and convenience.3) The electric vehicles and gas vehicles share some similarities: theappearance of muscle cars, all the standard features and they even perform similarly. The differences are listed below:4) The writer compares and contrasts both vehicles item after item. Insuch a pattern, the writer structures his paragraph around points of comparison, moving back and forth between the subjects.5) The former one—list all similarities of the two subjects, then their differences.Reading 1 Electric Vehicles and Gas Vehicle2. What’s more, there is a health factor that affects both of them. Cannedfood loses some of the original fresh food nutrients when stored, and also has to be tinned with many preservatives and chemical factors that prolong the shelf life and apparent freshness of the food but could becometoxic if consumed too often. Fresh food, on the other hand, often comes straight from a farm and has all the nutrients Mother Nature intended for it. As we can see, fresh food offers many benefits that canned food lacks. Therefore, an informed diner should always choose to eat fresh.After all, we could all use to improve our health.Task 2 Understanding Lectures Through Comparison and ContrastListening 12. 1) T. What I’m just beginning to realize right now, is that we pay ahuge price for the speed that we claim is a big advantage of these computers.2) F. And they consume one and a half megawatts of power. So that wouldbe really great, if you could add that to the production capacity in Tanzania. It would really boost the economy.3) F. Now, how much computation does the brain do? I estimate 10 to the16 bits per second, which is actually about very similar to what BlueGene does. So that’s the question.4) T. So what we are doing right now with computers with the energyconsumed by 1,200 houses, the brain is doing with the energy consumed by your laptop.5) F. How does that compare with the way computers work? In the computer,you have all the data going through the central processing unit, and any piece of data basically has to go through that bottleneck, whereas in the brain, what you have is these neurons.6) T. This is something that we’ve been working on for the last couple of years.3. 120,000 processors10 to the 16 bits per second1.5 megawatts10 quadrillion bits per second10 watts4. Although computers have strong power to process data, they still cannotcompare to the brain of human beings in which an unbelievable number of neurons connect and react with each other so that a real net could be accomplished perfectly. The research on how the computer could be as powerful as a brain will continue going on.Task 3 Reading Comparison and Contrast Articles2. 1) Consumer perceptions of organic processes and products and thoseinvolving biotechnology.2) Health, environment, risk and ethics.3) No study has directly elicited comparable attitudes about organicand GM products and processes.4) The average participant slightly, but not strongly, agreed with thepositively worded health attributes (e.g., organic food ishealthier), and disagreed with the negatively worded healthattributes (e.g., organic food is less healthy). The averageresponse about the healthfulness of GM foods was generally neutral.5) Both were thought to have higher levels of nutrients than traditional food.6) Generally, consumers perceive organic food production as environmentally friendly.7) Respondents perceived GM foods as possessing a higher level of riskthan other classes of food.8) Social acceptability is one motive driving the purchase of organic food.9) Respondents did not have major ethical objections to GM food.10) Forty-five percent.Reading 2 Perceptions of Genetically Modified and Organic Foods and Processes3. 1) p. prevalent 2) a. perception 3) i. moderate 4) f. construct 5) q.advantageous 6) k. attribute 7) c. organic 8) h. volume 9) l. nutrient10) d. elicit 11) g. explicitly 12) b. warrant13) m. inherent 14) t. respondent 15) e. empirical 16) j. contradict 17)o. obesity18) n. cure 19) s. neutral 20) r. motiveReading 3 A Comparative Report of Organic Food vs. Genetically Modified Food5. 1) synthetic 2) manure 3) botanical 4) alter 5) regulation 6) compost7) recommendation8) mineral 9) federal 10) potent 11) organism 12) network 13)transformation 14) normal\15) chemical 16) trace 17) negative 18) poll 19) facilities 20) modification6.7. 1) Para. A 2) E 3) F 4) E 5) Para. F 6) Para. I 7) Para. J 8)F8. My summary is: Fueled by health concerns, people have focused more onthe origin of food over the past decade; so to answer their questions, this report shows that organic foods are the best choice compared with genetically modified food.Task 4 Writing an Essay of Comparison and ContrastReading 4 Fast Food Restaurant: McDonald’s vs. Wendy’s1. B. Wendy’s1) the Ultimate Chicken Grill2) small order of chiliMcDonald’s1) fruit yogurt parfait2) green apple slices (kid’s menu)3) healthier sandwich choices (such as McVeggie Burger, ChickenFajitas, and Whole Wheat Chicken McGrill)C. Presentation of food: At Wendy’s, not only are the meal optionsexcellent, the presentation of healthy menu choices is superior.Wendy’s salads a re large and fresh with only one hindrance: excess water at the bottom of the bowl.McDonald’s salads lack in appearance and freshness. These salads appear thrown together and often look wilted.D. Wendy’s:the first major fast food chain to offer fast food salad as a meal’s main course.McDonald’s: n ow also offers salads as a main course menu choice, in reaction to the popularity of Wendy’s salads.E. Meal variety, good presentation and several salad choices are allconsidered when evaluating a fast food restaurant. With fast food restaurants such as Wendy’s and McDonald’s available, it is considerably easier for people to make healthier food choices.5. 1) None of his speech is imperfect in organization and wording.2) The manager will not miss the opportunity to accept the students’ proposals.3) Kevin did not deny he took risky bets and lied to cover them up butclaimed his superiors were not ignorant of his doing.4) It was told that their work needed to be improved as it wasn’t done well.5) I t is not avoidable that the public won’t miss such scandals in the business world.6) Never will my parents be unready to help me out.7) Hardly did the idea of returning to his hometown stop recurring in his dreams.8) The islands failed to find that they were ready to fight against the outside intruders.9) It was not until failing to catch the last bus to the city late onenight did Mike not know what to do next.10) Never does he lose the optimistic confidence for life even thoughthings don’t always go smoothly.Integrated Exercise2. 1) accommodate 2) exhibition 3) consistent 4) negative 5) considerably6) response7) version 8) regulation 9) capacity 10) alter 11) trace 12) involve3. 1) Older people are less likely to perceive situations negativelybecause they’re typically more tolerant.2) In most cases, the major reason for conducting an analysis, althoughnot often explicitly stated, appears to be to justify taxpayer spending.3) The organization of the novel allowed readers to reconstruct the storyby adding missing elements and arranging the sequence of the events.4) These skills are easy to learn and can add considerably to the overallenjoyment of spending time out-of-doors.5) He was asked to refine his draft headline to make it clearer and more exact.6) It is inevitable that success in most work is evaluated by income.7) The rejection of the parents’ political and religious beliefs puttheir children in a difficult position.8) It is well-known that the government will be consistent in itspositions on civil rights legislation.9) The public figures who are seeking to further their careers cannotmake selections about the publicity they desire.10) Considerable modification of the existing system is needed to increase efficiency.5. 1) An appropriate use of limited natural resources is advantageous forthe Earth environment where human beings live.2) The uncertainty over this region continues to grow; what is moreunfortunate, people may need some time to adapt.3) Conventional notions holds that organic food is much healthier thangenetically modified food.4) The brand gown designed by Marina comes to accommodate the need fora number of occasions, including churches, dinners, business and otherspecial occasions.5) There is a more prevalent concern that the shortage of this researchis due to the overall lack of knowledge of AIDS groups and the difficulty of access to those groups.6) After being exposed to and weighing the information about those risks,US researchers suggested that childhood obesity prevention should occur/happen as early as possible, as much as possible before birth.7) If this change is made, you are likely to run the risk of losing theaudience and your reputation.8) In the modern society, in rejection of the traditional stereotype thatwomen need more care and tendance, many women assume/undertake theresponsibility of raising a family.9) Since the 21st century, the short-term certificates are rapidlygaining popularity, especially for non-white students.10) The research found that 75 percent of American teenagers always boasta healthy self-image.Listening 2A. (1) F (2) T (3) F (4) F (5) T (6) F (7) TB. (1) When the speaker was 15 years old, he first discovered the good waste problem.(2) He grabbed hold of it, sat down, and ate his breakfast with pigs.(3) It gave him faith that the people do have the power to stop this tragicwaste of food resources and bring about that change.。
综合学术英语教程练习答案
Unit TwoTask1Familiarizing Yourself with Classif ication1.Skim the f ollowing passage f or the answ ers to the questions below.1 Man-made or anthropogenic causes; and natural causes.2 Pollution burning fossil fuels; mining coal and oil; etc.; theproduction of CO2 the increase ofpopulation; the demolition of trees; etc.3 CO2is a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the Earth’s atmosphere.4 Classif ication helps us to determine and understand therelationship of the parts of a subject which is studied by us.Classification is made on the basis of a clear definition.5 In order to make a clear and logic classification; one needs tofollow a principle of classification and go on with a systemconsistently. For example; the categories of classificationshould be mutually exclusive and no overlapping is allowed. Reading1Causes for Global WarmingTask2Understanding Lectures through Classif icationListening11.Listening to the lectur e and write down wha tev er y ou believ e is impor tant;especially theclassif ica tions of key terms.Unconscious motivation; unconscious conflict; the id; the ego; the superego; etc.e y our notes.D ecide if the sta tements below ar e true T or false F.Then justify y our answ ers;in the space pr ovided;b y giving evidence fr om the talk.1 T2 F3 F4 F5 T6 F7 T8 F3.Listen again;paying a ttention to the f ollowing classif ica tions and thencomplete the tables below.Idea One: The existence of an unconscious motivationIdea Two: The notion of unconscious dynamics or conflict4.Listen again and piece y our notes together into a shor t summar y.Then r etellthe lectur e to y our par tner.There are two interesting ideas in Freud’s theory: first; theexistence of unconscious motivation; second; the concept ofunconscious conflict. Freud believes that unconscious motivation might play an important role in a lot of situations; such as marriage;forgetting a person’s name; calling out the wrong name etc. In his view; there are three processes going on in the head; namely; id; ego and superego; which are in violent internal conflict. Id functions on“the Pleasure Principle”; while ego works on “the Reality Principle”and superego is the internalized rules of a society. Ego is in between id and superego.Task3Reading Classif ication ArticlesReading 2 Renewable Energy Sources —A Brief Summary 1. W ork with a par tner or a gr oup of 3—4 students . Study the title and phr ases in bold of Reading 2 and discuss the f ollowing questions .1 Renewable energy is energy which comes from natural resources such as sunlight; wind; rain; tides; and geothermal heat; whichare renewable naturally replenished.2√ T he purpose of using renewable energy sources. √T he classification of renewable energy sources.√ T he examples of different types of renewable energy sources.√ T he advantages and disadvantages of various types ofrenewable energy sources.√ T he history of the use of different energy sources.□ How energy is obtained from various sources.3 I will write:1 The definition of the renewable energy.2 The classification of the renewable energy.3 The advantages and the disadvantages of various types ofrenewable energy sources.2. Read the f ollowing questions and scan Reading 2 f or their answ ers .1 The signing of the Kyoto Treaty.2 It converts the sun ’s rays into energy.3 The main demerit is that it is limited.4 Sailors; farmers and architects.5 The main advantage is that this doesn ’t produce anyby-products that can be harmful to the environment.6 Because the Earth’s crust continuously decays replenishingthe heat.7 They use the force of the water to push the turbine which in turn powers a generator thus generatingelectricity.8 It poses a problem for fish and aquatic plants on both sidesof the dam.9 They contain no petroleum; and they are nontoxic andbiodegradable.10 The Environmental Protection Agency. 3. Match the tar get wor ds with the de f initions below . Y ou may inf ertheir meaning fr om context. 1 j. evolution 2 s. solar 3 a.architect 4 l. geothermal 5 p.preserveb. biodegradable 7 r. radioactive8 f. crusade 9 h. distribute10 q. radiant11 i. 12 t. 13 k. 14 d. 15 g. defin16 n. 17 e. 18 m. 19 o. 20 c. blade 4. F or open discussionReading3Types of Pollution5.Read the de f initions below and choose the wor ds tha t f it thesede f initions.1 voluntary2 construction 3contamination 4 eruption 5 regulation6 deforestation7 yield8 irrigation9 confine11 12 13 vapor14 decay15 erosion16 disrupt17 18 19 20 combat7.D ecidewrite down the numberof the paragr aphs fr om which y our answ er most pr obably comes;leavingthe explicit or false sta tements unnumbered;but using E or F r espectiv elyto indica te tha t they ar e explicit or false. Discuss y our answ ers withReading4Types of Sustainability.1.5changing the orderof a structur e.The new sentences should be as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentences but as diff er ent as possible in structur e and asf ormal as possible in style.1 Declarative sentences are mostly employed in academicwriting; despite the occasional utilizations of interrogative sentences.2 To support the truths; reliable evidence is quoted by scholars in all disciplines.3 Much importance should be attached to the comprehension of thedifference between education and training.A person who exposes himself to the sunlight for excessive timeis susceptible to malignantmelanoma.5 Students doing temporary jobs display a better performance intheir academic studies.6 American frontier is deeply rooted in many aspects of Americancharacter.7 The direct involvement of many a foreign country is evidentin the process of US territorial expansion.8 Parents need to equipped with much care and knowledge whileraising a kid.9 Environment plays a vital role in the growth of plants.10 In the past; Beijing was ravaged by dust storms for 20 daysannually.Integrated Exercises2.Match each wor d in the box with the gr oup of wor ds tha t r egularly occurwith it in all cases.1 motivation2 demolish3 symptom4 combat 5capture6 distribute7 assert8 yield9 internal 10emergence11 adherence 12 disrupt3.Fo r each of the sentences below;write a new sentences as similaras possible in meaning to the original sentence;but as diff er ent aspossible in v ocabular y and structur e and as f ormal as possible in style.Yo u ar e r e quired to use the wor d s giv en in capital letters.And thencompar e them with y our par tner’s.1 Internet access is available in students’ dormitory.2 If you can harness your energy; you’ll be rewarded with hugeaccomplishments.3 It has been confirmed that foul weather is highly hazardousfor sea navigation.4 The governmental nuclear waste disposal plan arouses fierceprotests of the local residents.5 Extinction of this rare species of bird is foreseeable ifeffective measures are not taken.6 While delivering a public speech; a speaker must articulatehis/her arguments.7 I highly esteem his current research on stem cells.8 A speaker cannot always secure the cooperation of the audience.9 The car industry of this country is sheltered by its governmentfrom foreign competition.10 Even a moderate elevation of blood pressure leads to shortenedlife expectancy.5.T r ansla te the f ollowing sentences into English b y using the phr aseabov e.Make sur e tha t y our English sentences ar e as f ormal as possible.Then compar e them with y our par tner’s to see whose v ersion is mor ef ormal.1 The effective disposal of the recognized sources of pollution demonstrates to be of great aid in the elevation of people’s quality of life.2 Since the rapid evolution of technology; the lifestyles of the generations ahead of us will witness a revolutionized change.3 Tapping heat from the Earth enables the residents of resource-poor regions to combat the poorconditions.4 The downside of the practice of fertilizing the soil by burning straws is the fact that the released dusts and particles pose a serious problem for the health of the respiratory system.5 This campaign; organized by environmentally conscious individuals; hasa measurable effect on the general improvement of all the people’s environmental protection awareness.6 The history of deforestation can date back to two millenniums ago; which has deteriorated constantly in the modern time; leading to a huge loss of wildlife habitat.7 During the visit to Huangshan Yellow Mountain; the tourists were amazed at how nature works wonders; realizing that beauty is only sustainable if all of us care for the environment around us.8 Drug abuse is a general degradation of lifestyle; causing immediate health effects.9 Oil leakage in the mainstream river considerably decreases the quantity of drinkable water;what’s worse; the adverse effects are not confined to areas near the source.10 Luckily; the pollution inflicted by this accident will be effectively removed through natural cycles; not having a negative impact on the environment.Listening2A.Listen;note down the impor tant ideas and details;and then decide whetherthe f ollowingsta tements ar e true or e T f or true and F f or false.1 T2 F3 F4 F5 T6 F7 FB.Listen car e f ully;and then answ er the f ollowing questions brie f ly with theinforma tion fr om the lectur e.1 The individual’s potential and the importance ofgrowth and self-actualization. 2 The lower one.3 By providing lunch breaks; rest breaks and sufficient wagesto purchase essentials. 4 The love and belonging needs.5 They are self-aware; concerned with personal growth; less concernedwith the opinions of other people; and interested in fulfilling their potential.C.Listen again and write a shor t summar y of the lectur e.This lecture is about Maslow’s theory of the hierarchy of needs; namely physiological needs; safety needs; social needs;esteem needs; and self-actualization needs. Physiological needs are the most basic and instinctive ones; which must be satisf ied f irst.Safety needs refer to the needs for safety and security; also important for survival. Social needs include the needs for belonging;love and affection; the deprivation of which leads to unhappiness. Esteem needs ref lect on personal worth; social recognition and accomplishment; if unmet; it may lead to inferiority complex. Self- actualization needs are at the highest level; meaning to realize a person’s full potential; capacitiesand talents.Listening3A.Listen;note down the impor tant ideas and details;and then choosethe best answ er to thef ollowing questions fr om the f our choices giv en.1 A2 A3 D4 C5 BB.Listen again f ocusing on the specif ic informa tion;and then f ill inthe blanks with the missing wor ds.classically; runny nose; sore throat; intrigued; initially; clinically; alludes to; building up; immune system; creeping up; shuffling; infect; rip through; hospitalizations.C.Listen again and answ er the f ollowing questions.1 B C E2 ① ABC ② AB ③ AB ④ AB ⑤ ABC ⑥ C ⑦ A ⑧ A ⑨ A ⑩ AC。
《学术英语(综合)》课后答案
《学术英语(综合)》书本答案以下答案对书本习题中类似于“Do you(think/agree)”“give a presentation”等的部分问题进行了省略。
Unit1EconomicsText A:Lead-in:omittedCritical reading and thinking:Task1:Body:Use the labor and skills behind the Thanksgiving weekend as examples to illustrate the concept of“the invisible hand”End:Echo the beginning,emphasizing we should be grateful to the miracle on this Thanksgiving Day and every dayTask2:1.It is not difficult at all to explain why grocery stores stock up on turkey before Thanksgiving.There seemsto be no miracle in it.2.The use of so many“and’s”helps to emphasize that a series of actions and all kinds of work are involved inthe sale of Thanksgiving turkey.3.Here“from above”means“from God”.The phrase is used to show that there is something wondrous andalmost inexplicable in the social order of freedom.Task3:Market has its own way of punishing business malpractice.For example,if a fast food chain sells contaminated food,nation-wide demand for their food will go down,along with their profit.When a company sells defective products,they have to deal with liability costs.Language building-up:Task1:1．1．饲料经销商；饲料批发商2．为他自己的收益而工作3．技能与劳动力4．制造塑料5．私人交易6．包装并定价7．无形之手2．1.pricedbor3.transactions4.gainbor;manufactured6.the invisible hand7.distributorTask2:1.Today,in millions of homes across the nation,God will be thanked for many gifts,for the feast on thetable and the company of loved ones,for health and good fortune in the year gone by,for peace privilege of having been born—or having become—American.(Line2,Para.1)2.And yet,isn't there something wondrous—something almost inexplicable—in the way your Thanksgivingweekend is made possible by the skill and labor of vast numbers of total strangers?(Line1,Para.4)3.…Thanksgiving Turkey,there would be one—or more likely,a few dozen—waiting.(Line3,Para.6) Task3:1.very many2.buying or selling3.a large group of4.more huge5.understand6.troubledText B:Critical reading and thinking:Task1:1.Considering that her boyfriend doesn’t even bother to choose a gift for her,the girl concludes that hedoesn’t love her.Therefore,she breaks off the relationship.In the case where the strength of affection is most in question,people care a lot about what is given as a gift.2.The following is one more example where the signaling theory can be applied:In the job market,anemployer may not know whether a candidate is qualified for a post or not.Very often,the candidate will show the employer education credentials,which can be used as a signal to the employer.Thus the information gap is narrowed.Task2:(以下所有表格题若未说明，顺序皆为从上到下，从左到右)Internet browser;Windows operating system;deter;entering the market and offering new products;cars today include many built-in products;monopoly;80;reliable;easier to use;severely limited;changing;competitors;low;Researching:The U.S.economy is a free market economy with some government regulation ad there has been a lasting debate about how much government regulation is necessary.Those who argue for less regulation claim that the free market itself will require business to protect consumers and provide good products or services and the interference from the government can do nothing but increase the cost of doing corporations are not concerned about the public’s interest,so regulation is indispensable.Interestingly, Adam Smith himself believed that government had an important role to play in economic life.For example, he believed that the government should enforce contracts and grant patents and copyrights.Text C:Task:每一个精明的一家之主都知道，如果买一样东西所花的钱比在家里自己生产所花的成本要小，那就永远不要尝试在家里生产。
综合学术英语教程 答案
综合学术英语教程2答案Unit 1 Multidisciplinary EducationKeys to the ExercisesApproaching the Topic1. 1) The aim of college education is to produce individuals who are well on their way to becomeexperts in their field of interest.2) The growing importance of producing professionals who have the skills to work with peoplefrom a diverse set of disciplines.3) First, through an interdisciplinary approach; Second, through a multidisciplinary approach.4) College education should produce individuals who may later become expert who areinterdisciplinary problem solvers.2. 1) f 2) d 3) a 4) e 5) g 6) m 7) j 8) k 9) l 10) i 11) b 12) h 13) c4. (1) offered (2) stresses (3) ability (4) different (5) approach(6) increasingly (7) graduates (8) enter (9) positions (10) Employment6. 1) Multidisciplinary studies.2) They both believe that current college education should lay emphasis on multidisciplinarystudies, which is a prerequisite to producing future expert who are interdisciplinary problem solvers.3) Open.4) Open.5) Open.Reading about the Topic3. 1) The students have brought to MIT their individual gifts, such as their own intellect, energy,ideas, aspirations, distinctive life experience and point of view, etc.2) They represent the geographic and symbolic center of MIT.3) Names of intellectual giants.4) Leonardo da Vinci was a painter, scientist, engineer, sculptor, inventor, city planner andarchitect.4.Set 1: 1) c 2) e 3) d 4) h 5) a 6) g 7) f 8) bSet 2: 1) e 2) a 3) h 4) b 5) c 6) f 7) d 8) g5.(b) Para. A (b) Para. B (a) Para. C (c) Para. D(f) Para. E (e) Para. F (d) Para. G (g) Para. A6. 1) Because for him, the simplicity he appreciated in nature became his ultimate standard indesign.2) First was da Vinci’s complete disregard for the accepted boundaries between different f ieldsof knowledge. The second facet of da Vinci’s character was his respect for and fascination with nature. The third quality of da Vinci’s character was an enthusiastic demand forhands-on making, designing, practicing and testing, and for solving problems in the real world.3)“There is a good chance that you will never again live and work in a community with as manydifferent cultures and backgrounds as MIT.”(Para. F)4) Because by doing so, the students can engage themselves in new intellectual adventures so as to use their time at MIT to its fullest potential.5) It means that “They took the initiative to search for the deepest answers, instead of sitting back and letting things happen to them.”7. Set 1: 1) h 2) d 3) a 4) g 5) f 6) e 7) b 8) cSet 2: 1) c 2) g 3) d 4) a 5) h 6) f 7) e 8) b8. 1) She wanted to describe for the new students three of his characteristics that particularly f itwith the value of MIT.2) Because by doing so, the students can encounter the most stimulating minds and inspiringrole models, experience a life in a community with diversif ied cultures and backgrounds and participate in various new intellectual adventures, so that they can get the most out of their MIT education.3) The three of Da Vinci’s characteristics will be the heritage of MIT to be inherited by thestudents. She hoped that the new students would follow Da Vinci as well as a great manyextraordinary MIT teachers as their role models to use their time to its fullest potential.4) Multidisciplinary thinking is a mode of thinking that goes beyond disciplinary boundaries inorder to gain new ideas and fresh perspectives.9. 1) Human ingenuity will never devise any inventions more beautiful, nor more simple, nor moreto the purpose than Nature does. (Para. A)2) For Da Vinci, the simplicity he appreciated in Nature became his ultimate standard in design.(Para. B)3) Be as determined in your curiosity as Leonardo da Vinci —and you will use your time atMIT to its fullest potential. (Para. F)4) MIT is a place of practical optimism and of passionate engagement with the most importantproblems of the world. (Para. G)5) I had long since observed that people of accomplishment rarely sat back and let thingshappen to them. (Para. H)10. Many scientists and engineers at MIT pursue simplicity in their design and development oftechnologies.Exploring the Topic4. 1) It is believed that a multidisciplinary approach to scientific education is of vital importance.2) Second, a multidisciplinary emphasis is believed to be a prerequisite to training individuals.3) It cannot be denied that these f irms are participating in turning out the future thinkers.4) How about examining our problems about science and technology from a liberal artsperspective.5) Surprisingly, however, our universities and colleges fail to switch from the conventionaldivisions and departmental sections to daily extracurricular multidisciplinary work.5. Reading 1 begins with a contrast —“College education has always had the responsibility to ... However, ... we also see the growing importance of producing ...”. The introduction of Reading 2 is informative as well as interesting, which arouses the readers’interest to go on reading. Integrated Exercises2. (1) ultimate (2) spirit (3) feed (4) approach (5) property (6) represent(7) discipline (8) aspiration (9) inspire (10) perspective (11) inherit (12) generate(1) inspiring (2) generation (3) collaborative (4) aspiring (5) Intelligent(6) inherit (7) celebrity (8) speculated (9) representative (10) anatomical4. (1) D (2) A (3) C (4) B (5) D (6) A (7) B (8) C (9) A (10) C5. (1) Many celebrated researchers around the world are collaborating to develop a new vaccine.(2) The scientists’experiment generated an unexpected outcome.(3) If the systems are restructured, their effectiveness will be ultimately integrated into theglobal economy.(4) The doctors speculate that he died of a stroke caused by a blow on the head.(5) The murder trial attracted considerable public attention.(6) The aspiration for college education inspires people in remote areas to work hard.(7) He inherited his parents’fortune after their death.(8) He disregarded his father’s advice and left college.(9) In this address, he asked the youngsters, who embody the spirits of the nation, to join thecampaign.(10) The special diet incorporates many different fruits and vegetables.7. (1) Whoever run the red light shows a complete disregard for public safety.(2) Success, as he explained, was nothing more than a consistent pursuit of art and good luck.(3) The new product has benef ited from research work at the crossroads between biological andmedical studies.(4)It was amazing that his idea echoed well the great philosopher’s belief, which he claimed notto have heard about before.(5) The one-month intense training program prepared the team members well for possibleemergencies.(6) The audience was deeply impressed with the vigor and power of the speech delivered by the environmentalist.(7) This traveling experience will provide you with a rare opportunity to sample a different way oflife.(8) Using the limited time to its fullest potential is one of the must-have/required skills in adaptingto the fast-paced modern life.(9) More and more countries are bringing robots to bear on their various problems.(10) These students are encouraged from a very early age to follow their own boundless interestswell beyond the boundaries of conventional belief in obedient learning.8.A. (1) B (2) C (3) B (4) B (5) DB. As multidisciplinary design has become a trend in the industry, there is a need for more emphasis on multidisciplinary perspectives. Educational institutions should take their role in training individuals who can function in a collaborative environment and be prepared to face multifaceted projects that they may not have been exposed to. However, our universities and colleges fail to shift from traditional divisions and departmental sections to multidisciplinary work being practiced on a daily basis outside the classroom.C. 1) F 2) T 3) F 4) T 5) TD. (1) what learning is about (2) be inquisitive (3) learn a new subject(4) analyze a new problem (5) teacher-taught (6) master-inspired(7) self-learner (8) the trap of dogma (9) no single simple answer(10) black and white (11) critical thinking (12) tolerant and supportive(13) a new thesis topic (14) flexibility (15) style of leadershipUnit 2 The Scientific MethodKeys to the ExercisesApproaching the Topic1. 1) The Scientific Method is a body of techniques for investigating phenomena and acquiring knowledge, as well as correcting/integrating previous knowledge. It involves gathering observable, empirical and measurable evidence, the collection of data through observation and experimentation, and the formulation and testing of hypotheses.2)Scientists put forward hypotheses to explain what is observed. They then conduct experiments to test these hypotheses. The steps taken in the experiment must be capable of replication and the results emerge as the same. What is discovered may lead to a new hypothesis.3) Scientists are human and can be unintentionally biased; total objectivity is impossible.4) Scientists are human and can be unintentionally biased. Science uses our senses and our senses can be mistaken. We can never understand something as it really is because our very presence affects what is being studied.5) ①Science is both a body of knowledge and a process.②Science is exciting.③Science is useful.④Science is ongoing.⑤Science is reliable.⑥Science is a community endeavor.2. 1) c 2) g 3) e 4) f 5) a 6) d 7) h 8) k 9) b 10) i 11) j4. (1) aspects (2) process (3) satisfy (4) technologies (5) puzzle(6) collection (7) evidence (8) ensure (9) diversity (10) professional6. 1) Science.2) It brings to mind many different pictures: white lab coats and microscopes, a scientist peeringthrough a telescope, the launch of the space shuttle, and so on.3) Science can discover the laws to understand the order of nature.4) Because it relies on a systems of checks and balances, which helps ensure that science movestowards greater accuracy and understanding, and this system is facilitated by diversity within the scientific community, which offers a range of perspectives on scientific ideas.5) Open.Reading about the Topic3. 1) The modern scientific method is characterized by confirmations and observations which “verified”the theories in question, but some genuinely testable theories, when found to be false, are still upheld by their admirers, which rescues the theory from refutation only at the price of destroying, or at least lowering, its scientific status.2) A theory which is not refutable by any conceivable event is non-scientific.3) Their theories were constantly verified by their clinical observations. They always fitted and were always confirmed.4) Light must be attracted by heavy bodies (such as the sun).5) There is the risk involved in a prediction: the theory is incompatible with certain possible results of observation —in fact with results which everybody before Einstein would have expected.4. Set 1: 1) c 2) a 3) d 4) b 5) f 6) e 7) h 8) gSet 2: 1) b 2) e 3) a 4) f 5) d 6) c 7) h 8) g5. Para. A (b) Para. B (c) Para. C (e)Para. D (e) Para. E (a) Para. F (d)6. 1) Observations, hypotheses, and deductions, then conclusions.2) You will need to research everything that you can f ind about the problem.3) You shouldn’t change the hypothesis. Instead, try to explain what might have been wrongwith your original hypothesis.4) An important thing to remember during this stage of the scientific method is that once you develop a hypothesis and a prediction, you shouldn’t change it, even if the results of your experiment show that you were wrong.5) Because there is a chance that you made a miscue somewhere along the way.7. Set 1: 1) c 2) a 3) d 4) b 5) f 6) e 7) h 8) gSet 2: 1) e 2) g 3) a 4) f 5) c 6) b 7) d 8) h8. 1) Observation, as the f irst stage of the scientific method, is a way of collecting informationfrom any possible sources, which can serve as a foundation in verifying a theory. In thisprocess, one should expect an event which could refute the theory. Only through beingrefuted by new observations which are incompatible with the theory could it be falsified,which ref lects its truescientific virtue.2) A hypothesis is a possible solution to a problem, based on knowledge and research, while a theory is a hypothesis confirmed by the research findings. Every theory cannot be applied to every situation; otherwise, it is not a good theory.3) It is always possible to verify nearly every theory, but that would rescue the theory from refutation at the price of destroying, or at least lowering its scientific status.4) To falsify a theory is more valuable, because a theory which is not refutable by any conceivable event is non-scientific.9. 1) Because of this personal experience and an interest in the problem, you decide to learn moreabout what makes plants grow. (Para. B)2) The experiment that you will design is done to test the hypothesis. (Para. D)3) Through informal, exploratory observations of plants in a garden, those with more sunlightappear to grow bigger. (Para. H)4) The judges at your science fair will not take points off simply because your results don’tmatch up with your hypothesis. (Para. K)5) You cannot prove the hypothesis with a single experiment, because there is a chance that youmade a miscue somewhere along the way. (Para. Q)10. Observation, the initial stage of the research, requires a thorough understanding of a researchproject you have chosen by collecting adequate information from various sources, and isfollowed by the next stage known as hypothesis, an uncomplicated statement that defines what you think the outcome of your experiment will be.Exploring the Topic4. 1) Science does not include explanations based on no empirical evidence.2) The human nature of science, however, renders it unlikely to be free of personal prejudices,misapprehensions, and bias.3) The scope of science encompasses the whole universe and natural world.4) Science is a process of deciding whether the acquired evidence may prove what is mostlikely to be correct currently.5) It is not possible to prove a hypothesis with a single experiment, as chances are that amistake was made somewhere in the process.Integrated Exercises2. (1) additional (2) illustrate (3) interpret (4) conduct (5) previous (6) involve(7) design (8) verify (9) reflect (10) collect (11) research (12) support3.(1) methodical (2) commitment (3) achievable (4) assume (5) illogical(6) exposure (7) constitutive (8) emphatic (9) confirmation (10) identity4. (1) A (2) B (3) A (4) D (5) A (6) B (7) C (8) A (9) D (10) B5. (1) This observation motivated Newton to develop a theory of gravity.(2) Other scholars attempt to approach the subject from an economical perspective.(3) Participating in the activity will provide one with an initial taste of the objectives ofsociology.(4) Scientists insisted there was a rational explanation for the strange phenomenon.(5) To most young people, higher education is nothing but a process of acquiring knowledge.(6) The study demonstrates the necessity of taking a much broader view in the matter.(7) The new car’s design successfully integrates art and technology.(8) China actually encountered the identical stages of its development in the early 1990s to theWest.(9) The virus can spread to a document or application between computers and render thecomputer useless.(10) If the sustainable development of small economies is facilitated, their effectiveness will beultimately integrated into the global economy.7. 1) We could not attend a conference without hearing some talks about change and challenge.2) Things seem highly optimistic in the light of numerous reports, especially from countrydistricts.3) I am in favor of the argument that urbanization should be controlled properly.4) Something slowly began to dawn on me —I still loved what I did.5) My computer does not work because it was rendered paralyzed by some viruses.6) Experts are working on the plan in question. And they’ll come to an answer.7) A national curriculum framework is logically incompatible with pupil-centered learning.8) For many women success is often achieved at the price of their married life.9) Many attempts had been made before I successfully entered a key university.10) There is a good chance that it will turn fine tomorrow.8. A. (1) B (2) A (3) C (4) A (5) BB. Understanding scientific method is critical to your scientific endeavor. The scientificmethod is a series of steps that serve as guidelines for scientific efforts, and a tool thathelps scientists solve problems and determine answers to questions in a logical format.There are two forms of scientific method: the experimental method and the descriptivemethod. The former employs numerical data and graphs, used in physical sciences, whilethe latter gathers Information through visual observation and interviewing, employed inzoology and anthropology. The scientific method involves five steps, namely, identifying a problem, researching the problem, formulating a hypothesis, conducting an experiment and reaching a conclusion.C. (1) The process of science, in contrast to the linear steps of the simplified scientific method,is iterative.(2) Science circles back on itself so that useful ideas are built upon and used to learn evenmore about the natural world.(3) Gregor Mendel showed that inheritance is particulate that information is passed along indiscrete packets that cannot be diluted.(4) Any point in the process leads to many possible next steps, and where that next stepleads could be a surprise.(5) Science may involve many different people engaged in all sorts of different activities indifferent orders and at different points in time.D. (1) natural world (2) investigations (3) basic question(4) information (5) Experiments (6) detailed understanding(7) built upon (8) deepen and extend (9) in the process(10) testing (11) observation (12) new direction(13) in different orders (14) represent (15) less importantUnit 3 Ancient China’s Contribution to ScienceKeys to the ExercisesApproaching the Topic1. 1) Needham is the world’s famous Sinologist and author of Science and Civilization inChina.2) The European people just take these inventions for granted. All originated in China buthave long since been adopted by the West.3) They helped to inspire the European agricultural and industrial revolutions.4) It has won five literary awards in America and been translated into 43 languages.5) His book, The Spirit of Chinese Invention, was approved by the Chinese Ministry ofEducation for use in connection with the national secondary curriculum in China.2. 1) f 2) k 3) c 4) a 5) o 6) n 7) g 8) e9) d 10) m 11) i 12) h 13) j 14) l 15) b4. (1) credit (2) considerable (3) befriended (4) breakthroughs (5) thoroughly(6) flown (7) academic (8) embark (9) suggested (10) staff6. 1) The overlooked great breakthroughs in ancient China.2)Dr. Needham argued that a proper book on the history of Chinese science and technologywould have a wide bearing on the general history of thought and ideas.3) He helped to bring due credit to China’s overlooked contribution to scientific innovation.4) Yes, he does. Because he believed that a proper popular book would have a wide bearing on the general history of thoughts and ideas, which could not be possible if the book was too academic.Reading about the Topic3. 1) Both Westerners and Chinese people are ignorant of the fact that the West imported a lot ofinventions from ancient China.2) Because more than half of the basic inventions and discoveries upon which the“modernworld”rests come from China.3) Because they take many great achievements for granted, and even the Chinese themselveslost sight of the truth, so their western inheritors wouldn’t trouble themselves to know the truth.4) Because it is always more satisfying to the ego to think that they have reached theirpresent position alone and unaided, and that they are the proud masters of all abilities and all crafts.4. Set 1: 1) d 2) e 3) a 4) b 5) c 6) g 7) f 8) hSet 2: 1) d 2) g 3) e 4) h 5) b 6) a 7) c 8) f5. Para. A (e) Para. B (b) Para. C (f) Para. D (a) Para. E (a)Para. F (a) Para. G (c) Para. H (g) Para. I (h) Para. J (d)6. 1) The three inventions transform-ed completely the modern world and mark-ed it off fromthe ancient and the Middle Ages.2) The European agricultural revolution, which laid the basis for the Industrial Revolution,came about only because of the importation of Chinese ideas and inventions.3) The truth that half of the basic inventions and discoveries originated from China needs tobe imparted to schoolchildren. The purpose is to let them know the truth and then tobridge the chasm between the East and the West.4) The bureaucratic organization of China in its earlier stages strongly helped science togrow; only in its later ones did it inhibit further growth, and in particular prevented abreakthrough which has occurred in Europe.5) The author points out the reasons why China was developed in the past but backward atpresent and why the West was underdeveloped in the past but advanced at present.7. Set 1: 1) c 2) g 3) h 4) b 5) f 6) d 7) a 8) eSet 2: 1) c 2) d 3) g 4) e 5) a 6) b 7) f 8) h8. 1) The two readings both list a series of great inventions and discoveries that originated inancient China. Reading 1 tends to be factual, while Reading 2 is more critical of the factthat the Chinese are ignorant of their ancient achievements and the Westerners simply take them for granted.2) The argument in Reading 2 is more reasonable and acceptable since the author uses a lot ofexamples and examines the question from both the Chinese and Western perspectives to illustrate his point.3) Reading 2 holds more obvious negative attitudes towards Westerners.4) It would be better if the nations and the peoples of the world had a clearer understandingof each other, allowing the mental gap between East and West to be bridged. (Reading 2) The discoveries and inventions made in Europe in the seventeenth century and thereafter depended so much in so many cases on centuries of previous Chinese progress in science, technology and medicine. (Reading 3)9. 1) He regarded the origins of these inventions as “obscure”and he died without everknowing that all of them were Chinese. (Para. B)2) Chauvinistic Westerners, of course, always try to minimize the indebtedness of Europe toChina in the ancient and the Middle Ages, but often the circumstantial evidence iscompelling. (Para. C)3) In many cases we simply cannot identify the channels through which knowledge wasconveyed from East to West. (Para. C)4) Modern science which developed in the seventeenth century was a mathematization ofhypotheses about nature, combined with experimentation. (Para. D)5) One factor which must have great relevance here is the circumstance that the feudalism ofEurope and China were fundamentally different. (Para. E)10.The feudalism of China differed greatly from that of Europe in that its bureaucraticorganization promoted the growth of science in ancient China but inhibited its furtherdevelopment later on.Exploring the Topic4. 1) Increasingly being bewitched by the advanced European technology, the Chinese haveforgotten their own achievements.2) A book like that would be absolutely non-academic; it would nevertheless have afar-reaching influence on the general history of thought and ideas.3) The lesson to be drawn from the history of agriculture can best illustrate the ignorance ofthe egoistic westerners.4) The Chinese and Westerners are equally surprised when they realize that modernagriculture, modern shipping and even the essential design of the steam engine alloriginated from China.5) A clear understanding among the nations and the peoples of the world would be welcomedto bridge the gap between East and West.5. 2) The deafening noise, and the glare of the engine fire, would have a bad effect on nerves.Further, being moved through the air at a high speed would do great injury to delicatelungs. The sudden plunging of a train into the darkness of a tunnel, and the equally sudden rush into full daylight, would cause great damage to the eyesight.3) What was it that enabled them to become great or successful? Were they born withsomething special? Or did their greatness have more to do with timing, devotion and,perhaps, an uncompromising personality? The answer is a never surrender attitude. If great achievers share anything, it is an unrelenting drive to succeed. There is a tendency to think that they are endowed with something super-normal.Integrated Exercises2. (1) insight (2) expertise (3) obscure (4) backward(5) undertake (6) ignorant (7) acknowledge (8) essential(9) minimize (10) shatter (11) fading (12) illustration(1) insightful (2) transformation (3) respectively (4) dazzling (5) resurgent(6) indebted (7) backwards (8) irrelevant (9) unparalleled (10) illusionary4. (1) C (2) D (3) A (4) B (5) A (6) A (7) C (8) D (9) B (10) D5. (1) Examples will be drawn from literature and popular media to illustrate the range ofleadership and non-leadership behaviors and competencies.(2) You’ll never be able to eliminate interruptions altogether but you can do a lot to minimizethem.(3) There is evidence that the movie reinforces negative stereotypes about women.(4) The violence to property will do nothing to facilitate that investigation.(5) Determination and effort enable-d the young man to acquire success.(6) The project was held back by budget restraints.(7) We will continue to press governments in the region to undertake political reforms.(8) This level of economic growth is unprecedented and unique.(9) This policy could isolate the country from the other permanent members of the UnitedNations Security Council.(10) The profound economic effect would accumulate day by day, and much of it might bereversible.7. (1) It must be realized that China experienced a great transformation in the last century. (2) However, it is rather questionable whether the majority of Americans know the truthabout China and Chinese people.(3) All of the information can be conveyed by simple graphs.(4) It is essential that our children absorb this lesson into their outlook on the world.(5) It is a lesson that all of us should take to heart.(6) We must never lose sight of the fact that many inventions originated in China.(7) Many of us take it for granted that technology is the top priority in economicdevelopment.(8) How was it that you had the right information at the right place and at the right time?(9) I can think of no better illustration of the importance of higher education than the fact thatmany university graduates have become the leaders in various f ields.(10) The demand for a raise ref lects as much a desire for the recognition of their success asfor more money.8. A. (1) C (2) B (3) D (4) D (5) CB. China’s ancient great inventions and discoveries, as the forerunners of some of themodern technologies, both enhance the quality of human life and change Chinese history of science. The most signif icant ones are papermaking, gunpowder, compass and printing.Paper, one of the most widely used and indispensable materials, led to subsequentinnovations like paper currency, woodblock printing and ceramic movable type printing.The most important invention of gunpowder triggered a series of related discoveries like fireworks, land mine-s，naval mine-s, exploding cannonballs, multistage rocket-s, etc. The compass, originally in a crude form, was followed by a magnetic device and a magneticneedle for navigation in waters.C. (1) He accidentally stumbled upon f ireworks by mixing 3 routine kitchen ingredients —saltpeter, sulfur and charcoal and ignited them.(2) The fireworks came to be used for auspicious occasions like wedding-s, religiousceremonies and to celebrate victories and achievements, and even as rocket fuel.(3) He was called the founder of f ire crackers.(4) The gun powder tubes were found to be strong enough to launch arrows and this is howthe rocket was conceptualized and used against the Mongolians in a Kai keng battle.(5) He wanted to see how these rockets could be used for transportation.D. (1) stumbling upon (2) sulfur (3) ignited (4) explosion (5) warding off(6) auspicious (7) fuel (8) version (9) ghost (10) haunt (11) shooed off(12) crackers (13) rocket fuel (14) attached (15) deliberately。
学术综合英语课后题答案罗立胜
学术综合英语课后题答案罗立胜Unit 1C1.The younger generation should continue to sustain anddevelop our fine traditions and long-standing culture.2.In the course of preparing one’s speech, one should be clearlyaware of how one could make effective use of statistics and examples to bolster one’s point of view.3.An impromptu speech is one of the speaking skills thatcollege students should learn and develop through practice. 4.By using simile and metaphor, you can make your languagemore vivid and more attractive to your audience.5.The proper examples you cite might help reinforce theimpression on your listeners and make your viewpoints more convincing.6.When you are speaking, you should choose common and easywords and at the same time avoid clutter in your speech.7.When you write a paper, citing the views from some expertsis a good way to make your ideas more credible.8.A good method of delivering a speech will improve its qualityand will help convey the speaker’s ideas clearly and interestingly.9.You should not blindly use a word that your are not sureabout, and it you are not sure, look up the word in a dictionary.10.Y our language should adapt to the particular occasion andaudience. If your language is appropriate in all respects, your speech is successful.英译汉：发言提纲是有效发言的基础。
学术综合英语参考答案unit1
学术综合英语参考答案unit1学术综合英语参考答案Unit 1一、词汇与语法1. 词汇题- (1) 正确答案：A. 显著的- (2) 正确答案：C. 影响- (3) 正确答案：B. 观点- (4) 正确答案：D. 概念- (5) 正确答案：E. 假设2. 语法题- (1) 正确答案：Whoever has the ability can apply for the position.- (2) 正确答案：Despite the heavy rain, they continued their journey.- (3) 正确答案：Not only did he finish his homework but he also helped his sister.- (4) 正确答案：It is the first time that she has visited the museum.- (5) 正确答案：Such is the power of nature that no one can resist it.二、阅读理解1. 阅读A- 问题1：正确答案：The author argues that the importanceof the English language in the global context.- 问题2：正确答案：The spread of English is attributed to the British Empire's colonial expansion and the role of the United States in international affairs.- 问题3：正确答案：English is considered a global language because it is widely used in business, science, technology, and diplomacy.2. 阅读B- 问题1：正确答案：The article discusses the challengesand opportunities of learning a second language.- 问题2：正确答案：Cognitive benefits, improved job prospects, and cultural understanding are mentioned as advantages of bilingualism.- 问题3：正确答案：Language learning can be hindered by factors such as age, motivation, and the learning environment.三、完形填空1. 正确答案：- (1) B. 影响- (2) A. 显著的- (3) D. 观点- (4) C. 概念- (5) E. 假设- (6) F. 假设- (7) G. 观点- (8) H. 影响- (9) I. 显著的- (10) J. 概念四、翻译1. 中译英- 正确答案：The rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes to our daily lives.2. 英译中- 正确答案：全球化不仅促进了国际贸易，也增进了不同文化之间的理解和尊重。
新时代大学学术英语综合教程上册unite1课后题答案
新时代大学学术英语综合教程上册unite1课后题答案1、Many volunteers _______ food and water to the local people in Japan after tsunami(海啸）. [单选题] *A. gave out(正确答案)B. cut outC. put outD. found out2、I repeated my question several times. [单选题] *A. 到达B. 惊奇C. 重复(正确答案)D. 返回3、15．This kind of bread is terrible. I do not want to eat it ________. [单选题] *A．any more(正确答案)B．some moreC．no longerD．some longer4、( )Keep quiet, please. It’s ________ noisy here. [单选题] *A. many tooB. too manyC. too muchD. much too(正确答案)5、I passed the test, I _____ it without your help. [单选题] *A.would not passB. wouldn't have passed(正确答案)C. didn't passD.had not passed6、She spoke with a strong Scottish（）[单选题] *A. speechB. accent(正确答案)C.voiceD. sound7、---Excuse me sir, where is Room 301?---Just a minute. I’ll have Bob ____you to your room. [单选题] *A. show(正确答案)B. showsC. to showD. showing8、My brother usually _______ his room after school. But now he _______ soccer. [单选题] *A. cleans; playsB. cleaning; playingC. cleans; is playing(正确答案)D. cleans; is playing the9、I hope to see you again _______. [单选题] *A. long long agoB. long beforeC. before long(正确答案)D. long10、70．Would you like ________，sir? [单选题] *A．something else(正确答案)B．nothing elseC．else somethingD．else anything11、———Must I return the book you lent me to you now? ——No, you( ）. You can keep it for another few days. [单选题] *A.can’tB. shouldn'tC. mustn'tD. don, t have to(正确答案)12、I’m sorry there are ______ apples in the fridge. You must go and buy some right now.（）[单选题] *A. a littleB. littleC. a fewD. few(正确答案)13、I paid twenty yuan _______ the book. [单选题] *A. offB. backC. for(正确答案)D. with14、A healthy life is generally thought to be（）with fresh air, clean water, and homegrown food. [单选题] *A. joinedB. boundC. lackingD. associated(正确答案)15、47．Yao Ming is tall. That's one of his ________. [单选题] *A．advantageB．advantages(正确答案)C．disadvantageD．disadvantages16、( ) ----Would you like___ tea? ----No, thanks. I have drunk two____. [单选题] *A. any, bottles of orangeB. some, bottles of orange(正确答案)C. many, bottles of orangesD. few, bottle of oranges17、When you are tired, listen to music and try to _______ yourself. [单选题] *A. supportB. showC. playD. relax(正确答案)18、It is important for us _______ English well. [单选题] *A. learnB. learningC. to learn(正确答案)D. learned19、15．The restaurant ________ many complaints because of the terrible service since last month. [单选题] *A．receivesB．is receivingC．has received(正确答案)D．will receive20、Both Mary and Linda don't care for fish. [单选题] *A. 喜欢(正确答案)B. 关心C. 照料D. 在乎21、The soldiers would rather die than give in. [单选题] *A. 呈交B. 放弃C. 泄露D. 投降(正确答案)22、Nowadays schools should care for the full _______ of a student’s talents. [单选题] *A. satisfactionB. development(正确答案)C. communicationD. preparation23、—______ do you play basketball?—Twice a week.（）[单选题] *A. How often(正确答案)B. How muchC. How manyD. How long24、33．Body language is even___________ and ___________ than any other language. [单选题] *A．stronger, loudB．strong, louderC．strong, loudD．stronger, louder (正确答案)25、We ______ to set up a food bank to help hungry people next week.（）[单选题] *A. hadB. are going(正确答案)C. were goingD. went26、He prefers to use the word “strange”to describe the way（）she walks. [单选题] *A. in which(正确答案)B. by whichC. in thatD. by that27、The man called his professor for help because he couldn’t solve the problem by _______. [单选题] *A. herselfB. himself(正确答案)C. yourselfD. themselves28、_____ of the teachers in this district are women teachers. [单选题] *A. Four fifthB. Four fifths(正确答案)C. Fourth fifthsD. Four five29、34．My mother isn't in now, but she will be back ______ ten minutes. [单选题] * A．forB．beforeC．in(正确答案)D．at30、pencil - box is beautiful. But ____ is more beautiful than ____. [单选题] *A. Tom's; my; heB. Tom's; mine; his(正确答案)C. Tom's; mine; himD. Tom's; my; his。
学术英语Unit 5 课后练习答案
• comparison shopping: 货比三家
is a comparison shopping website that compares prices and products at online stores to help consumers save money.
Specialized vocabulary
1. Translate the following terms from English into Chinese or vice versa.
• • • • •
e-business models reduce expenses corporate clients unsold inventory wholesalers and retailers • comparison shopping • buying preferences • individualized service
Text A
Critical reading and thinking
Type of environmenta l forces
Definition
—
Text analysis
Factors involved
Internal forces
factors closely associated with the actions and decisions taking place within a firm
4 The long-term view held by the vast majority of analysts is
that the Internet will continue to expand along with related technologies.
学术综合英语unit1课后答案 罗立胜
学术综合英语unit1课后答案罗立胜1、They were both born _______ March, 1 [单选题] *A. in(正确答案)B. atC. onD. since2、John Smith is _______ of the three young men. [单选题] *A. strongB. strongerC. the strongerD. the strongest(正确答案)3、--Do you often go to the cinema _______ Sunday?--No, we _______. [单选题] *A. on; don’t(正确答案)B. on; aren’tC. in; doD. in; don’t4、Wang Dong usually gets up at 6:00 _______ he can catch the early school bus. [单选题] *A. as ifB. so that(正确答案)C. untilD. after5、-Do you have tickets for Friday? -Sorry, we've got _____ left. [单选题] *A. eitherB. none(正确答案)C. no oneD. neither6、—Look at those purple gloves! Are they ______, Mary?—No, they aren’t. ______ are pink. （）[单选题] *A. you; IB. your; MyC. yours; Mine(正确答案)D. you; Me7、In order to find the missing child, villagers _______ all they can over the past five hours. [单选题] *A. didB. doC. had doneD. have been doing(正确答案)8、The（)majority of the members were against the idea. [单选题] *A. substantialB. enormousC. considerable(正确答案)D. overwhelming9、30．It is known that ipad is _________ for the old to use. [单选题] * A．enough easyB．easy enough (正确答案)C．enough easilyD．easily enough10、There are still some wild tigers alive. [单选题] *A. 聪明的B. 凶恶的C. 野生的(正确答案)D. 珍贵的11、You needn’t _______ me. I’m old enough to take care of myself. [单选题] *A. worry about(正确答案)B. write downC. put awayD. wake up12、The city is famous _______ its beautiful scenery. [单选题] *A. for(正确答案)B. ofC. asD. to13、It is my _______ to meet you here. [单选题] *A. pleasure(正确答案)B. pleaseC. pleasedD. pleasant14、—Are these your sheep? [单选题] *A）on grass at the foot of the hill.(正确答案)B. feedC.is fedD. is feeding15、- I haven't been to Guilin yet.- I haven t been there, ______. [单选题] *A. tooB. alsoC. either(正确答案)D. neither16、Jim wants to hang out with his friends at night, but his parents don’t allow him ______ so. （）[单选题] *A. doB. doneC. to do(正确答案)D. doing17、2．The villagers want to have a bridge. Can this dream ________? [单选题] *A．come outB．get awayC．come true(正确答案)D．get out18、In fact, Beethoven did something brave than dying. [单选题] *A. 勇敢(正确答案)B. 冒险C. 可怕D. 奇妙19、Last week they _______ in climbing the Yuelu Mountain. [单选题] *A. succeeded(正确答案)B. succeedC. successD. successful20、Either you or the president（）the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting. [单选题] *A. is handing outB. are to hand outC. are handing outD. is to hand out(正确答案)21、The plane arrived at London airport _______ Wednesday morning. [单选题] *A. on(正确答案)B. atC. inD. for22、She is a girl, _______ name is Lily. [单选题] *A. whose(正确答案)B. whoC. whichD. that23、He does ______ in math.（）[单选题] *A. goodB. betterC. well(正确答案)D. best24、She _______ love cats, but one attacked her and she doesn’t like them anymore. [单选题]*A. got used toB. was used toC. was used forD. used to(正确答案)25、( ) What other books have you read___ this English novel? [单选题] *A. besides(正确答案)B. exceptC.inD. about26、( ) No matter _____ hard it may be, I will carry it out. [单选题] *A whatB whateverC how(正确答案)D however27、You wouldn't have seen her if it _____ not been for him . [单选题] *A. hasB. had(正确答案)C. haveD．is having28、Taking the subway is quite fast and cheap. It can _______ both time and money. [单选题] *A. savesB. save(正确答案)C. earnD. use29、She passed me in the street, but took no（）of me. [单选题] *Attention (正确答案)B. watchC. careD. notice30、______ pocket money did you get when you were a child? （）[单选题] *A. WhatB. HowC. How manyD. How much(正确答案)。
学术综合英语课后答案
Unit 1CThe younger generation should continue to sustain and develop our fine traditions and long-standing culture、In the course of preparing one’s speech, one should be clearly aware of how one could make effective use of statistics and examples to bolster one’s point of view、An impromptu speech is one of the speaking skills that college students should learn and develop through practice、By using simile and metaphor, you can make your language more vivid and more attractive to your audience、The proper examples you cite might help reinforce the impression on your listeners and make your viewpoints more convincing、When you are speaking, you should choose common and easy words and at the same time avoid clutter in your speech、When you write a paper, citing the views from some experts is a good way to make your ideas more credible、A good method of delivering a speech will improve its qualityand will help convey the speaker’s ideas clearly and interestingly、You should not blindly use a word that your are not sure about, and it you are not sure, look up the word in a dictionary、Your language should adapt to the particular occasion and audience、If your language is appropriate in all respects, your speech is successful、英译汉：发言提纲就是有效发言得基础。
学术综合英语课后答案解析
学术综合英语课后答案解析Unit 1C1. The younger generation should COntinue to SuStain anddevelop Our fine traditions and long-standing culture.2. In the COUrSe of PreParing one' S speech, one shouldbe clearly aware of how one could make effective USe ofStatiStiCS and examples to bolster one ' S point of view.3. An impromptu SPeeCh is one of the SPeaking skills thatcollege StUdentS should learn and develop through practice.4. By USing SimiIe and metaphor, you Can make your IangUagemore ViVid and more attractive to your audience.5. The PrOPer examples you Cite might help reinforce theimpression on your IiStenerS and makeyour VieWPOintS more convincing.6. When you are SPeaking, you should choose common and easywords and at the Same time avoid CIUtter in your speech.7. When you Write a paper, Citing the VieWS from SOmeexperts is a good Way to make your ideas more credible.8. A good method of delivering a SPeeCh will improve itsquality and will help COnVey the SPeaker ' S ideasclearly and interestingly.9. You should not blindly USe a word that your are notSUre about, and it you are not sure, look UP the word in adictionary.10. Your IangUage should adapt to the PartiCUIarOCCaSiOn and audience. If your IangUage is appropriate in all respects, your SPeeCh is successful.英译汉：发言提纲是有效发言的基础。
(完整版)学术英语综合课后答案季佩英
Unit 1Language building-upTask 1/Specialized vocabulary1. 饲料经销商；饲料批发商2. 为他自己的收益而工作3. 技能与劳动力4. 制造塑料5. 私人交易6. 包装并定价7. 无形之手1. priced2. labor3. transactions4. gain5. labor; manufactured6. invisible hand7. distributorTask 2/Signpost language1. Today, in millions of homes across the nation, God will be thanked for many gifts, for the feast on the table and the company of loved ones, for health and good fortune in the year gone by, for peace privilege of having been born, or having become —American(Line 2, Para.1).2. And yet, isn't there something wondrous, —something almost inexplicable in the way your Thanksgiving weekend is made possible by the skill and labor of vast numbers of total strangers? (Line 1, Para. 4)3. ...Thanksgiving Turkey, there would be one, —or more likely, a few dozen—waiting. (Line 3, Para.6)Task 3/Formal English1. very many2. buying or selling3. a large group of4. more huge5. understand6. troubledUnit 2Language buildingTask 1:Part 1:1)无形之手；2）自由企业制度3）股东4）经济体制5）开发产品和服务6）市场力量；市场调节作用7）金融机构8）严重衰退9）破产10）mission11）stock price12）corporate motto13）assets14）maximize profits 15）financial systemPart 2：1)market forces2）financial institutions 3）free enterprise system 4）deep institutions5）invisible hand6）stockholder7）profit maximization 8）economic system Task 2：1.and；2.Another；3. also；4. Not only；but；5. otherTask 31. understanding；2. agree with；3. forces…to be accepted;4. bad5. purpose6. charitable ;7. given;8.famous.Unit 3Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1) 充满敬畏与感激；2）与外部世界隔离3）陷入绝境4）易感抑郁5）恢复体能6）界定性特征7）暂时的挫败8）不因挫败而心烦意乱9）竞选权位10）吹着欢快的曲调Part 2：1)bout 2）validated3）squabble 4）aptitude5）platitude 6）debilitate7）reassuring 8）undermine9）ruminate 10）martialTask 2：1.contrasting；2.in contrast；3. However；4. different；5. on the other hand6. in the opposite way7.howeverTask 31. full of；2. becomes alert and energetic3. keeping thinking about4. been left in hopelessness5. likely to suffer from6. not disturbed7. saying something that people are quite familiar with8. officially approvedUnit 4Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1. green movement2. protected areas3. extinction of animals and plants4. wild fish stocks5. make clean power6. save resources7. 培育生物多样性8. 控制污染9. 阻止对生态体系的破坏10. 扩大清洁产业11. 集体世界观12. 生态经济Part 2：1. Embedding a narrative that moves us on from protecting nature from people to protecting nature for people is an essential part of this reframing. (Para.6)If such a narrative is to gain practical effect, then looking after nature must urgently be seen as not only an environmental challenge, but also an economic one. (Para.7)The author manages to bring in a new topic and maintain coherence by repeating keys words such as narrative, nature.2. So long as we continue to travel in two directions at once, promoting environmental goals on the one hand while on the other directly contradicting that with measures to achieve more economic growth, the longer we will fail to make real progress. (Para.7)When it comes to economics and ecology there is plenty of good thinking already done. (Para.8) The author manages to bring in a new topic and maintain coherence by repeating key words such as economic, economics.Task 3 Formal language1. unchangeable; increasing2. control3. effort; charitable4. pleasant detail5. complicated6. change7. Changing8. importantUnit 5Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1. having a mind2.behave as if you understand3.what and how we know4.inside;reflectsMentalist Dbehaviorist BEpistemologist Aphenomenologist CPart 21. psychological2.spiritual3.behaviour4.phenomenologist5.perplexity6.mentallyTask 2：…,classified…This class of…The class of……a less severe label…The huge classTask 31. what we imagine about computers today2.we have broken the distinction between ???3.for the sake of convenience so that it is easier to refer to the first type of response4. you have the same reason for thinking that M had a mind.5. (The reason you believe your mother has a mind is based) not on your prejudice6. as groundless as believing that computers have mindUnit 6Task 1: Specialized vocabularyPart 11. 数学化，数字处理2. 计算机辅助设计3. 统计4. 基因组学5. 运筹学6. 优化组合7. 概率8. 数据库Part 2：1. database2. CAD3. statistics4. probability5. optimization6. genomics7. mathematization8. Operations researchTask 2：1. Here are a few simple examples of prescriptive mathematics that extended from single numbers to exceedingly complex systems:…(Line 1,para.8,Text A)2. Admittedly this is rather vague, but it will clarify a bit as I go on and mention a few of the manyexamples that Baker gives:…(Line 8, para.10, Text A)Task 3 Formal language1. exists2. included3. explained4. model5. get6. environment7. knowledgeable person; in which8. until now9. fix ideas of (caution) in one’s mindUnit 7Task 1: Specialized vocabularyPart 11. -h2.-f3.-a4.-j5.-i6.-b7.-d8.-g9.-c10.-ePart 2：1. To achieve professional development isimportant as a means to the end of becoming an expert and gaining more flexibility and independence2. Numerous studies over the last 30 years have suggested that personality is a powerful predictor of a person's life satisfaction3. An employee's work orientation is shaped in the first instance by their understanding of “what work is about”4. The government is trying to introduce new measures to create a better social safety net and encourage better worker pay5. Money has been used as the incentive of many intelligence contests in TV programTask 2：1. The present perfect tense（现在完成时）emphasizes that people’s conception about what money can bring them has changed greatly2. The tense switches from the present to the past to manifest that an example is given3.The tense switches between the present and the past to produce a comparison of different interpretations of a “calling”in different timesTask 3 Formal language1. pour heart and soul into :spare no efforts,try one's bestwhat will stimulate\encourage a worker to try his best in making good products?2. lure：temptationgrueling：working exhaustedlyPeople are no longer so tempted by the dream of becoming rich by working exhaustedly 80 hours a week for several years in a humble position3. lowly job：humble jobrecrafted：turnedHe might be doing a humble job，but he would turn it into a great mission4. entails：requiresA career requires more devotion to work5. contributing to：being beneficial toconnotation：implicationPeople who regard their work as a calling\great mission think that what they do helps serve the public and brings benefits to our society，and therefore it's quite proper to say that a mission\calling implies something similar to religious beliefsUnit8Task 1 Specialized vocabulare1. cultural tradition 文化传统2. social stability 社会稳定3. distinct identity 鲜明特色4. edge effect 边缘效应5. organic evolution 有机界进化6. mutual respect 相互尊重7.political correctness 政治正确性anic evolution2. mutual respect3. Edge effect4. social stability5. political correctness6. cultural tradition7. distinct identityTask 2 Signpost language1. Through; through; through2. not just; but3. first4. second5. next6. final7.not only; but alsoTask 3 Formal English1. develop2. combined3. skillful performers4. obvious5. friendly6. getting rid of7. combine8. changed9. imagine10. a large number ofUnit 9Task 1 Specialized vocabulary1 D 医疗2 J 基因分型3 F 内窥镜检查4 A 生物技术5 H 诊断6 C 分子的7 I 治疗方案8 E 医生9 G 外科医生的；手术的10 B 胶囊1 diagnosis2 surgical3 Biotechnology4 healthcare5 protocols6 molecularTask 2 Signpost language1 known as2 referred to as3 call4 describe5 meanTask 3 Formal English1 increases2 marked3 arrival/ coming4 replaced5 move away6 filledUnit 10Task 1 Specialized vocabulary1 b2 k3 f4 j5 g6 i7 e8 c9 h10 a11 d1 syntactic patterns2 Language faculty3 neural system4 underlying logic5 evolutionary adaptation6 formal instruction7 mental organ8 natural selectionTask 2 Signpost language1 for2 led to3 because4 Therefore5 Therefore6 because; because7 SoTask 3 Formal English1 explanation/interpretation; impacts2 is present all over; analyze/explain/interpret。
(完整版)学术综合英语课后答案
工作计划月报表怎么写
在现代社会中, 工作计划月报表是一种重要的工作文档, 它用来记录和总结个人或团队在一个月内的工作计划、完成情
况和反馈意见。
一个好的工作计划月报表不仅可以帮助管理
者更好地了解团队的工作进展和问题所在, 也可以帮助员工及时调整工作计划, 保证工作的高效进行。
那么, 接下来我们就
来看一下如何撰写一份优质的工作计划月报表。
1.报表基本信息
首先, 写报表要明确基本信息, 包括报表的标题、时间范围、报表编制人员、审批人员等, 确保大家对这份报表有清晰的认识和了解。
2.本月工作总结
接着, 对这个月的工作进行总结, 包括完成的任务和项目、遇到的问题、取得的成果等, 需要客观地记录事实, 突出重点, 切忌含糊其辞。
3.下月工作计划
然后是下个月的工作计划, 列出具体的工作任务、时间节点和责任人, 确保每个人清楚自己的任务和目标, 同时要根据完成情况, 做出合理的调整和安排。
4.需要领导解决的问题
在报表中也要客观反映遇到的问题和困难, 如果需要领导或其他部门的支持和
解决, 也要明确提出, 并提供相应的建议或解决方案。
5.其他事项
最后, 报表中还可以包括其他需要说明的事项, 比如个人感悟、团队建设、学习计划等内容, 让报表更加全面和有深度。
总的来说, 一份优质的工作计划月报表应当具备客观真实、明确具体、内容清晰、有建设性的特点, 通过不断的完善和调整, 可以帮助团队更好地规划和实施工作, 提高工作效率和质量。
希望以上内容对您能有所帮助, 谢谢！。
学术英语综合Unit1
Unit 1
Economics
Adam Smith (16 June 1723 – 17 July 1790) was a Scottish moral philosopher, pioneer of political economy, and key Scottish Enlightenment figure.
What is EAP?
English for Academic Purposes/EAP
内容：教材分为《学术英语》综合、 人文、理工、社科等。我们的课程 分为读学科主题文章、听专业相关 讲座、练学术口语、写学科专业论 文以及做学科相关研究等环节。
目标：训练对信息的获取、分析、整 合、利用能力；提高学生撰写学期论 文及学术论文的技能；帮助学生过度 到专业双语课程及全英课程学习；全 面培养学生的学业能力、思辨创新能 力和解决实际问题的学术研究能力。
5. Writing • Understand what kind of topic is suitable
and manageable for a term paper
Unit 1
Economics
Unit Objectives
6. Researching • Independently locate and study a variety
Unit 1
Economics
Text A Overview
1. Summarize the main ideas of Text A. 2. Do Task 1/Critical reading and thinking.
Use the labor and skills behind the Thanksgiving weekend as examples to illustrate the concept of “the invisible hand”
学术综合英语课后答案1-8单元
U1Text A(1) Contrary to what they predicted,the disease broke out and killed thousands of people.与他们的预测相反，病情爆发并且夺去了数千人的生命。
(2) Without receiving her reply as scheduled he regarded it as implicit acceptance.没有如期收到她的回复，他认为她已经默认了。
(3) He repeated his assertion that he was not guilty in front of the jury in court.法庭之上，他在陪审团面前重申了他无罪的声明。
(4) Using the Internet,he was able to look up information on a terrible disease torturing his wife.他可以运用互联网查找一种折磨他妻子的可怕疾病的信息。
(5) The young man adapted well to the city life and his new environment.这个年轻人非常适应城市生活和新环境。
(6) There is not enough oxygen in the Moon’s atmosphere to sustain plant life.月球大气中没有足够的氧气来维持植物的生命。
7) What you prepare for your speech,be sure to cite unbiased qualified sources.当你在准备演讲时，一定要引用不偏不倚并且得到允许的信息源。
(8) In the course of children’s language acquisition,adults should pay attention to grammar. 在儿童学习语言的过程中，大人们应该注意语法。
学术综合英语unit1-5课后习题答案
Task 2 A contrary to implicit assertion look up adaptedSustain unbiased In the course of metaphor clutterB bolster credible impromptu sparingly anecdoteCredentials testimony hypothetical paraphrase juxtapositionTask 3 TranslationB。
发言提纲是有效发言的基础。
通过写发言提纲，你可以确保你的思想是相关联的，你的思路从一点谈到另一点,你的讲话结构是连贯的。
通常，准备讲演你可以采用两种提纲方式:详细准备提纲和简单发言提纲。
在准备发言提纲中，应该写出你的特定目的及中心思想,并以连贯的方式确定主要观点和次要观点，发言提纲应该由简要的提要组成，这些提要在你讲话时能够给予你一些帮助。
发言提纲还应该包括帮助你记忆的重点词或重点短语。
在写发言提纲时，可采用准备提纲的模式,尽可能使你的发言提纲简要，同时，要确保提纲清晰，易于辨认。
C. 1. The younger generation should continue to sustain and develop our fine traditions and long—standing culture。
2。
In the course of preparing one’s speech，one should be clearly aware of how one could make effective use of statistics and examples to bolsterone’s point of view。
3. An impromptu speech is one of the speaking skills that college students should learn and develop through practice.4. By using simile and metaphor，you can make your language more vivid and more attractive to your audience。
学术英语综合答案
学术英语综合答案【篇一：研究生学术综合英语课后翻译答案】ective speeches. by outlining, you make sure that related ideas are together, that your thoughts flow from one to another, and that the structure of your speech is coherent. you will probably use two kinds of outlines for your speeches—the detailed preparation outline and the brief speaking outline. in a preparation outline, you should state your specific purposeand central idea, and identify main points and sub-points using a consistent pattern, the speaking outline should consist ofbrief notes to help you while you deliver the speech. it should contain key words or phrases to bolster you memory. inmaking up your speaking outline, follow the same visual framework used in your preparation outline, keep the speaking outline as brief as possible and be sure it is plainly legible.演讲要有效，提纲很重要。
综合学术英语教程练习答案
Unit TwoTask 1 Familiarizing Yourself with Classif ication 1. Skim the f ollowing passage f or the answ ers to the questions below .1 Man-made or anthropogenic causes, and natural causes.2 Pollution burning fossil fuels, mining coal and oil, etc., the production of CO the increase of population, the demolition of trees, etc.3 COis a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the Earth ’s atmosphere.4 Classif i cation helps us to determine and understand the relationship of the parts of a subject which is studied by us. Classification is made on the basis of a clear definition.5 In order to make a clear and logic classification, one needs to follow a principle of classification and go on with a system consistently. For example, the categories of classification should be mutually exclusive and no overlapping is allowed.Reading 1 Causes for Global WarmingTask 2Understanding Lectures through Classif ication Listening 1 1. Listening to the lectur e and write down wha tever y ou believ e is impor tant, especially the classif ica tions of key terms .Unconscious motivation, unconscious conflict, the id, the ego, the superego, etc.2. Use y our notes . D ecide if the sta tements below ar e true T or false F. Then justify y our answ ers , in the space pr ovided, b y giving evidence fr om the talk.1 T2 F3 F4 F5 T6 F7 T8 F3. Listen again, paying a ttention to the f ollowing classif ica tions and then complete the tables below . Idea One: The existence of an unconscious motivationIdea Two: The notion of unconscious dynamics or conflict4. Listen again and piece y our notes together into a shor t summar y . Then r etell the lectur e to y our par tner .There are two interesting ideas in Freud ’s theory: first, the existence of unconscious motivation; second, the concept of unconscious conflict. Freud believes that unconscious motivation might play an important role in a lot of situations, such as marriage, forgetting a person ’s name, calling out the wrong name etc. In his view, there are three processes going on in the head, namely, id, ego and superego, which are in violent internal conflict. Id functions on “the Pleasure Principle ”, while ego works on “the Reality Principle ”and superego is the internalized rules of a society. Ego is in between id and superego.Task 3 Reading Classif ication Articles Reading 2 Renewable Energy Sources —A Brief Summary 1. W ork with a par tner or a gr oup of 3—4 students . Study the title and phr ases in bold of Reading 2 and discuss the f ollowing questions .1 Renewable energy is energy which comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind,rain, tides, and geothermal heat, which are renewable naturally replenished.2√ T he purpose of using renewable energy sources. √ T he classification of renewable energy sources.√ T he examples of different types of renewable energy sources.√ T he advantages and disadvantages of various types of renewable energy sources.√ T he history of the use of different energy sources.□ How energy is obtained from various sources.3 I will write:1 The definition of the renewable energy.2 The classification of the renewable energy.3 The advantages and the disadvantages of various types of renewable energy sources.2. Read the f ollowing questions and scan Reading 2 f or their answ ers .1 The signing of the Kyoto Treaty.2 It converts the sun ’s rays into energy.3 The main demerit is that it is limited.4 Sailors, farmers and architects.5 The main advantage is that this doesn’t produce any by-products that can be harmful tothe environment.6 Because the Earth’s crust continuously decays replenishing the heat.7 They use the force of the water to push the turbine which in turn powersa generator thus generating electricity.8 It poses a problem for fish and aquatic plants on both sides of the dam.9 They contain no petroleum, and they are nontoxic and biodegradable.10 The Environmental Protection Agency.3.Match the tar get wor ds with the de f initions below.Y ou may infer their meaningfr om context.1 j. evolution2 s. solar3 a. architect4 l. geothermal5 p. preserveb. biodegradable 7 r. radioactive 8 f. crusade 9 h. distribute10 q. radiant11 i. domestic12 t. validation13 k. generator14 d. capture15 g. definitely16 n. install17 e. consumption18 m. harness19 o. internal20 c. blade4.F or open discussionReading3Types of Pollution5.Read the de f initions below and choose the wor ds tha t f it these de f initions.1 voluntary2 construction3 contamination4 eruption5 regulation6 deforestation7 yield8 irrigation9 confine 10 sewage11 hazardous12 residential13 vapor14 decay15 erosion16 disrupt17 particulate18 underground19 concentration20 combat6.7.D ecidenumberof the paragr aphs fr om which y our answ er most pr obably comes,leaving the explicit orfalse sta tements unnumbered,but using E or F r espectiv ely to indica te tha t they ar eReading4Types of Sustainability1.5.of a structur e.The new sentences should be as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentences but as diff er ent as possible in structur e and as f ormal as possible in style.1 Declarative sentences are mostly employed in academic writing, despite theoccasional utilizations of interrogative sentences.2 To support the truths, reliable evidence is quoted by scholars in all disciplines.3 Much importance should be attached to the comprehension of the difference between educationand training.A person who exposes himself to the sunlight for excessive time is susceptible tomalignantmelanoma.5 Students doing temporary jobs display a better performance in their academic studies.6 American frontier is deeply rooted in many aspects of American character.7 The direct involvement of many a foreign country is evident in the process of USterritorial expansion.8 Parents need to equipped with much care and knowledge while raising a kid.9 Environment plays a vital role in the growth of plants.10 In the past, Beijing was ravaged by dust storms for 20 days annually.Integrated Exercises2.Match each wor d in the box with the gr oup of wor ds tha t r egularly occur with it in all cases.1 motivation2 demolish3 symptom4 combat 5capture6 distribute7 assert8 yield9 internal 10emergence11 adherence 12 disrupt3.Fo r each of the sentences below,write a new sentences as similar as possible inmeaning to the original sentence,but as diff er ent as possible in v ocabular y and structur eand as f ormal as possible in style.Yo u ar e r e quired to use the wor d s giv en in capitalletters.And then compar e them with y our partner’s.1 Internet access is available in students’ dormitory.2 If you can harness your energy, you’ll be rewarded with huge accomplishments.3 It has been confirmed that foul weather is highly hazardous for sea navigation.4 The governmental nuclear waste disposal plan arouses fierce protests of the local residents.5 Extinction of this rare species of bird is foreseeable if effective measures are not taken.6 While delivering a public speech, a speaker must articulate his/her arguments.7 I highly esteem his current research on stem cells.8 A speaker cannot always secure the cooperation of the audience.9 The car industry of this country is sheltered by its government from foreign competition.10 Even a moderate elevation of blood pressure leads to shortened life expectancy.5.T r ansla te the f ollowing sentences into English b y using the phr ase above.Make sur e tha ty our English sentences ar e as f ormal as possible.Then compar e them with y ourpartner’s to see whose v ersion is mor e f ormal.1 The effective disposal of the recognized sources of pollution demonstrates to be of great aid in the elevation of people’s quality of life.2 Since the rapid evolution of technology, the lifestyles of the generations ahead of us will witness a revolutionized change.3 Tapping heat from the Earth enables the residents of resource-poor regions to combat the poorconditions.4 The downside of the practice of fertilizing the soil by burning straws is the fact that the released dusts and particles pose a serious problem for the health of the respiratory system.5 This campaign, organized by environmentally conscious individuals, has a measurable effect on the general improvement of all the people’s environmental protection awareness.6 The history of deforestation can date back to two millenniums ago, which has deteriorated constantly in the modern time, leading to a huge loss of wildlife habitat.7 During the visit to Huangshan Yellow Mountain, the tourists were amazed at how nature works wonders, realizing that beauty is only sustainable if all of us care for the environment around us.8 Drug abuse is a general degradation of lifestyle, causing immediate health effects.9 Oil leakage in the mainstream river considerably decreases the quantity of drinkable water;what’s worse, the adverse effects are not confined to areas near the source.10 Luckily, the pollution inflicted by this accident will be effectively removed through natural cycles, not having a negative impact on the environment.Listening2A.Listen,note down the impor tant ideas and details,and then decide whether the f ollowingsta tements ar e true or e T f or true and F f or false.1 T2 F3 F4 F5 T6 F7 FB.Listen car e f ully,and then answ er the f ollowing questions brie f ly with the informa tion fr om thelectur e.1 The individual’s potential and the importance of growth and self-actualization. 2The lower one.3 By providing lunch breaks, rest breaks and sufficient wages to purchase essentials. 4The love and belonging needs.5 They are self-aware, concerned with personal growth, less concerned with the opinions of otherpeople, and interested in fulfilling their potential.C.Listen again and write a shor t summar y of the lectur e.This lecture is about Maslow’s theory of the hierarchy of needs, namely physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs.Physiological needs are the most basic and instinctive ones, which must be satisf ied f irst. Safety needs refer to the needs for safety and security, also important for survival. Social needs include the needs for belonging, love and affection, the deprivation of which leads to unhappiness.Esteem needs ref lect on personal worth, social recognition and accomplishment; if unmet, it may lead to inferiority complex. Self- actualization needs are at the highest level, meaning to realize a person’s full potential, capacitiesand talents.Listening3A.Listen,note down the impor tant ideas and details,and then choose the best answ er tothef ollowing questions fr om the f our choices giv en.1 A2 A3 D4 C5 BB.Listen again f ocusing on the specif ic informa tion,and then f ill in the blanks with themissing wor ds.classically, runny nose, sore throat, intrigued, initially, clinically, alludes to, building up,immune system, creeping up, shuffling, infect, rip through, hospitalizations.C.Listen again and answ er the f ollowing questions.1 B C E2 ①ABC ②AB ③AB ④AB ⑤ABC ⑥C ⑦A ⑧A ⑨A ⑩AC。
(完整版)学术综合英语课后答案
Unit 1C1.The younger generation should continue to sustain anddevelop our fine traditions and long-standing culture.2.In the course of preparing one’s speech, one should be clearlyaware of how one could make effective use of statistics and examples to bolster one’s point of view.3.An impromptu speech is one of the speaking skills thatcollege students should learn and develop through practice. 4.By using simile and metaphor, you can make your languagemore vivid and more attractive to your audience.5.The proper examples you cite might help reinforce theimpression on your listeners and make your viewpoints more convincing.6.When you are speaking, you should choose common and easywords and at the same time avoid clutter in your speech.7.When you write a paper, citing the views from some expertsis a good way to make your ideas more credible.8.A good method of delivering a speech will improve its qualityand will help convey the speaker’s ideas clearly and interestingly.9.You should not blindly use a word that your are not sureabout, and it you are not sure, look up the word in a dictionary.10.Y our language should adapt to the particular occasion andaudience. If your language is appropriate in all respects, your speech is successful.英译汉：发言提纲是有效发言的基础。
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Task 2 A contrary to implicit assertion look up adaptedSustain unbiased In the course of metaphor clutterB bolster credible impromptu sparingly anecdoteCredentials testimony hypothetical paraphrase juxtapositionTask 3 TranslationB.发言提纲是有效发言的基础。
通过写发言提纲，你可以确保你的思想是相关联的，你的思路从一点谈到另一点，你的讲话结构是连贯的。
通常，准备讲演你可以采用两种提纲方式：详细准备提纲和简单发言提纲。
在准备发言提纲中，应该写出你的特定目的及中心思想，并以连贯的方式确定主要观点和次要观点，发言提纲应该由简要的提要组成，这些提要在你讲话时能够给予你一些帮助。
发言提纲还应该包括帮助你记忆的重点词或重点短语。
在写发言提纲时，可采用准备提纲的模式，尽可能使你的发言提纲简要，同时，要确保提纲清晰，易于辨认。
C. 1. The younger generation should continue to sustain and develop our fine traditions and long-standing culture.2. In the course of preparing one’s speech, one should be clearly aware of how one could make effective use of statistics and examples to bolsterone’s point of view.3. An impromptu speech is one of the speaking skills that college students should learn and develop through practice.4. By using simile and metaphor, you can make your language more vivid and more attractive to your audience.5. The proper examples you cite might help reinforce the impression on your listeners and make your viewpoints more convincing.6. When you are speaking, you should choose common and easy words and at the same time avoid clutter in you speech.7. When you write a paper, citing the views from some experts is a good way to make your ideas more credible.8. A good method of delivering a speech will improve its quality and will help convey the speakers’ ideas clearly and interestingly.9. You should mot blindly use a word that you are not sure about, and if you are not sure, look up the word in a dictionary.10. Your language should adapt to the particular occasion and audience. If your language is appropriate in all respects, your speech is successful.D. Before you deliver an academic speech, you should, first of all, get well prepared for it. Then, you should make your major points clear in your speech, and your speech should be well organized. When speaking, you should not speak too fast, and your language should be explicit. Don’t always read the notes you prepared beforehand. From time to time, you should look at your audience. On one hand, you can show your respect to your audience, and on the other hand, you will be able to go on with your speech more smoothly.Task 2 V ocabulary Developmentdevastating posed massive contribute to triple menace liability consensus entails plausibleplausible portend pin down aggravating staggeringon a par with emergence resurgence detract from inadequacyTask 3 TranslationB．能源和人类利益有着双重关系。
人类历史发展长河中，由于利用能源成本低廉，人们主要关注能源和人类安康关系中有利的一面。
然而，过去一百年以来人口以空前速度增长，引起了能源需求的激增，同时，人均工业能源需求亦急剧增长。
因此，能源利用所需成本越来越高，无论是外延成本还是内涵成本。
一方面，能源资源加速减少，能源供应所需投入越来越高；另一方面，相比之下，外延成本更加令人忧虑，原因是能源利用严重威胁大众健康和安全，不断破坏全球生态系统，并可能引发大规模军事冲突。
C．1. Energy use should benefit global sustainability so that it can contribute to long-term human well-being.2. Today, this consensus has given way to a variety of family styles as a result of people living longer, marrying later , and divorcing more.3. Much of the current research entails close collaboration with industry, which leads to a profitable exchange of personnel and ideas.4. If we cannot pin down exactly what we are supposed to be managing, how can we manage it?5. The magnitude of urban migration in recent years is evidence of more disturbing trends: the expanding gap between rich and poor, rapid population growth and increasing environmental degradation.6. The students perceived that the toxicity testing of an insecticide is on a par with that of a cosmetic.7. This presentation describes a large set of plausible goals, at least one of which should be achieved within years.9. Even the very mediocre services and food at the beauty spot did not detract from the enjoyment of the tourists.10. To finance her two daughters who are both at college, she began making handicraft to augment the family income.D. It is difficult to quantify the total contribution of all these factors to the monetary costs of energy supply, in part because factors not related to the environment are often entwined with environmental ones. For example, construction delays have been caused not just by regulatory constraints but also by problems of engineering, management and quality control. Nevertheless, in the US, environmental impacts have increased the monetary costs of supplying petroleum products by at least 25 percent during the past 20 years, and the costs of generating electricity from coal and nuclear power by 40 percent or more.Task 2 Vocabulary DevelopmentA. in other words enforced regardless of address involved bordering on applied to suggest convictions availableB. subsequent whopping fatalities sporadically prior to prod turned up whim nail crashTask 3 TranslationB.在感恩节的周末，24小时内发生了2起车祸，撞死3人，使得过去2周里斯普林菲尔德城市道路上死亡人数上升到6人。