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Elephants
Hou Lisha 12110127
Elephants
English major Hou Lisha
Tutor Liu Hui
Abstract:Ernest Hemingway was one of the most famous modern novelists in American literature history of the 20th century. His’s excellent short story Hills Like White Elephants,which fully reflects his unique writing style.The story seems simple, but actually artful. This thesis analyses Hemingway’s writing style in the aspect of language,symbol technique and Iceberg Theory. The research on the writing style allows us to grasp the story thoroughly.
Key Words:writing style; symbolism; Iceberg Theory; conciseness
简析《白象似的群山》的写作风格
英语专业侯丽莎
指导教师刘辉
摘要：厄内斯特·海明威是二十世纪美国文学史上最著名的现代小说家之一。

海明威的著名的短篇小说《白象似的群山》完全体现了他独特的写作风格。

本文从语言、象征手法以及冰山原则三个方剖析海明威的写作风格。

对写作风格的探究使我们更好地理解这篇小说。

关键词：写作风格；象征；冰山原则；简洁
Introduction
Ernest Hemingway is a novelist and short story writer who became one of the best-known American authors of the 20th century, and is the representation of “Lost Generation”. Hemingway is best known for the novels, such as The Sun Also Rises (1926), A Farewell to Arms (1929), For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940), and The Old Man and Sea（1952）.
Hills Like White Elephants is an important piece of Hemingway’s second collection of short stories,Men Without Women.The story is a conversation between a girl and a man waiting for a train in a station in Spain. Their conversation is mundane at first, but quickly drifts to the subject of an operation which the American is attempting to convince Jig to undergo.However, the girl talks many times with drinks, because she wants to avoid the sensitive topic.But her effort is wasted.The story ends with t he girl’s answer to the man’s inquiry.It’s an open end that no decision has been made.
Ⅰ. Technique of Iceberg Theory
A. The definition of the Iceberg Theory
In Hills Like White Elephants ,Hemingway seems to excise all emotoin from his work while allowing it to move powerfully beaneath the surface. That is his famous Iceberg Theory.Iceberg Theory is also referred to as the “theory of ommission”.Hemingway once said“The dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to one-eighth of it being above water.”Therefore, the feature of Iceberg Theory is to omit something that both the author and the reader know, and the essence of it is to explore the hidden seven-eighth facts through the only one-eighth obvious fact. By omitting certain parts of a story, a writer actually strengthens the story, and make people feel something more than understood.
Contents
Introduction
Ⅰ. Technique of Iceberg Theory
A. The definition of the Iceberg Theory
B. The Iceberg Theory in Hills Like White Elephants
1.The title
2.The dialogues
Ⅱ.The use of Symbolism
A.The symbolic significance of the title
1.White symbolizes the innocent unborn baby
2.Hills symbolizes the somatotype of Jig
3.White elephants symbolizes the baby
B.The symbolic significance in the setting
1.Two sides of the valley as the symbol
2. Two lines of rails as the symbol
Ⅲ.The unique Language
A.Concise Language
B.Few adjectives and adverbs
Conclusions
References
Conclusions
This thesis mainly focus on hermingway’s writing styles in Hills Like White Elephants.To begin with,we discuss his unique language which is simple but actually artificial inside.In addition，the novel is full of abundant use of symbolism. Finally，the Iceberg Theory help the theme with more meaningful.He just tells what is happening without explaining what it means or the background in details. The author’s marvelous achievement of this novel not only exits in the use of writing methods, but also in linguistic feature. The unique writing style of Hemingway not only influenced America but also all over the world.
References
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[2]Paul Smith. “Hemingway's Early Manuscript: The Technique and Practice of Omission”.Journal of Modern Literature 10, no. 2 (1983): 3
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