法律英语基础词汇：Mala Prohibita.doc

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法律渊源source of law制定法statute判例法case law; precedent普通法common law特别法special law固有法native law; indigenous law继受法adopted law实体法substantial law程序法procedural law原则法fundamental law例外法exception law司法解释judicial interpretation习惯法customary law公序良俗public order and moral自然法natural law罗马法Roman Law私法private law公法public law市民法jus civile万民法jus gentium民法法系civil law system英美法系system of Anglo-American law大陆法系civil law system普通法common law大陆法continental law罗马法系Roman law system衡平法equity; law of equity日尔曼法Germantic law教会法ecclesiastical law寺院法canon law伊斯兰法Islamic law民法法律规范norm of civil law授权规范authorization norm禁止规范forbidding norm义务性规范obligatory norm命令性规范commanding norm民法基本原则fundamental principles of civil law 平等原则principle of equality自愿原则principle of free will公平原则principle of justice等价有偿原则principle of equal value exchange 诚实信用原则principle of good faith行为act 作为ac不作为omission合法行为lawful act违法行为unlawful act民事权利权利能力civil right绝对权absolute right相对权relative right优先权right of priority先买权preemption原权antecedent right救济权right of relief支配权right of dominion请求权right of claim物上请求权right of claim for real thing形成权right of formation撤销权right of claiming cancellation否认权right of claiming cancellation解除权right of renouncement代位权subrogated right选择权right of choice承认权right of admission终止权right of termination抗辩权right of defense一时性抗辩权momentary right of defense永久性抗辩权permanent counter-argument right不安抗辩权unstable counter-argument right同时履行抗辩权defense right of simultaneous performance既得权tested right期待权expectant right专属权exclusive right非专属权non-exclusive right人身权利personal right人权human right人格权right of personality生命健康权right of life and health姓名权right of name名称权right of name肖像权right of portraiture自由权right of freedom名誉权right reputation隐私权right of privacy私生活秘密权right of privacy贞操权virginity right身份权right of status亲权parental power; parental right亲属权right of relative探视权visitation right配偶权right of spouse荣誉权right of honor权利的保护protection of right公力救济public protection私力救济self-protection权利本位standard of right社会本位standard of society无责任行为irresponsible right正当防卫justifiable right; ligitimate defence防卫行为act of defence自为行为self-conducting act紧急避险act of rescue; necessity自助行为act of self-help不可抗力force majeure意外事件accident行为能力capacity for act意思能力capacity of will民事行为civil act意思表示declaration of intention意思表示一致meeting of minds; consensus完全行为能力perfect capacity for act限制行为能力restrictive capacity for act准禁治产人quasi-interdicted person保佐protection自治产人minor who is capable of administering his own capacity无行为能力incapacity for act禁治产人interdicted person自然人natural person公民citizen住所domicile居所residence经常居住地frequently dwelling place户籍census register监护guardianship个体工商户individual business农村承包经营户leaseholding rural household合伙partnership合伙人partner合伙协议partnership agreement 合伙财产property of partnership合伙债务debt of partnership入伙join partnership退伙withdrawal from partnership合伙企业partnership business establishment个人合伙partnership法人合伙partnership of legal person特别合伙special partnership普通合伙general partnership有限合伙limited partnership民事合伙civil partnership隐名合伙sleeping partnership; dormant partnership 私营企业private enterprise; proprietorship法人legal person企业法人legal body of enterprise企业集团group of enterprise关联企业affiliate enterprise个人独资企业individual business establishment国有独资企业solely state-owned enterprise中外合资企业Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise 中外合作企业Sino-foreign contractual enterprise社团法人legal body of mass organization财团法人legal body of financial group联营joint venture法人型联营association of legal persons合伙型联营coordinated management in partnership 协作型联营cooperation-type coordinated management合作社cooperative民事法律行为civil legal act单方民事法律行为unilateral civil legal act双方民事法律行为bilateral civil legal act多方民事法律行为joint act civil legal act有偿民事法律行为civil legal act with consideration 无偿民事法律行为civil legal act without consideration; civil legal act without award实践性民事法律行为practical civil legal act法律翻译公司诺成性民事法律行为consental civil legal act要式民事法律行为formal civil legal act不要式民事法律行为informal civil legal act要因民事法律行为causative civil legal act不要因民事法律行为noncausative civil legal act主民事法律行为principal civil legal act从民事法律行为accessory civil legal act附条件民事法律行为conditional civil legal act附期限民事法律行为civil legal act with term生前民事法律行为civil legal act before death死后民事法律行为civil legal act after death准民事法律行为quasi-civil legal act无效行为ineffective act可撤销民事行为revocable civil act违法行为illegal act; unlawful act侵权行为tort欺诈fraud胁迫duress乘人之危taking advantage of others’precarious position以合法形式掩盖非法目的legal form concealing illegal intention恶意串通malicious collaboration重大误解gross misunderstanding显失公平obvious unjust误传misrepresentation代理agency本人principal被代理人principal受托人trustee代理人agent本代理人original agent法定代理人statutory agent; legal agent委托代理人agent by mandate指定代理人designated agent复代理人subagent再代理人subagent转代理人subagent代理权right of agency授权行为act of authorization授权委托书power of attorney代理行为act of agency委托代理agency by mandate本代理original agency复代理subagency次代理subagency有权代理authorized agency表见代理agency by estoppel; apparent agency律师代理agency by lawyer普通代理general agency 全权代理general agency全权代理委托书general power of attorney共同代理joint agency独家代理sole agency居间brokerage居间人broker行纪commission; broker house信托trust时效time limit; prescription; limitation时效中止suspension of prescription/limitation时效中断interruption of limitation/prescription时效延长extension of limitation取得时效acquisitive prescription时效终止lapse of time; termination of prescription期日date期间term涉外民事关系civil relations with foreign elements冲突规范rule of conflict准据法applicable law; governing law反致renvoi; remission转致transmission识别identification公共秩序保留reserve of public order法律规避evasion of law国籍nationality国有化nationalization法律责任legal liability民事责任civil liability/responsibility行政责任administrative liability/responsibility刑事责任criminal liability/responsibility违约责任liability of breach of contract; responsibility of default有限责任limited liability无限责任unlimited liability按份责任shared/several liability连带责任joint and several liability过失责任liability for negligence; negligent liability 过错责任fault liability; liability for fault单独过错sole fault共同过错joint fault混合过错mixed fault被害人过错victim’s fault第三人过错third party’s fault推定过错presumptive fault恶意bad faith; malice故意deliberate intention; intention; willfulness过失negligence重大过失gross negligence疏忽大意的过失careless and inadvertent negligence 过于自信的过失negligence with undue assumption 损害事实facts of damage有形损失tangible damage/loss无形损失intangible damage/loss财产损失property damage/loss人身损失personal damage/loss精神损失spiritual damage/loss民事责任承担方式methods of bearing civil liability 停止侵害cease the infringing act排除妨碍exclusion of hindrance; removal of obstacle 消除危险elimination of danger返还财产restitution of property恢复原状restitution; restitution of original state赔偿损失compensate for a loss; indemnify for a loss 支付违约金payment of liquidated damage消除影响eliminate ill effects恢复名誉rehabilitate one’s reputation赔礼道歉extend a formal apology物权jus ad rem; right in rem; real right物权制度real right system; right in rem system一物一权原则the principal of One thing, One Right 物权法定主义principal of legality of right in rem物权公示原则principal of public summons of right in rem物权法jus rerem物property生产资料raw material for production生活资料means of livelihood; means of subsistence 流通物res in commercium; a thing in commerce限制流通物limited merchantable thing禁止流通物res extra commercium; a thing out of commerce资产asset固定资产fixed asset流动资产current asset; floating asset动产movables; chattel不动产immovable; real estate 特定物res certae; a certain thing种类物genus; indefinite thing可分物res divisibiles; divisible things不可分物res indivisibiles; indivisible things主物res capitalis; a principal thing从物res accessoria; an accessory thing原物original thing孳息fruits天然孳息natural fruits法定孳息legal fruits无主物bona vacatia; vacant goods; ownerless goods 遗失物lost property漂流物drifting object埋藏物fortuna; hidden property货币currency证券securities债券bond物权分类classification of right in rem/real right自物权jus in re propria; right of full ownership所有权dominium; ownership; title所有权凭证document of title; title of ownership占有权dominium utile; equitable ownership使用权right of use; right to use of收益权right to earnings; right to yields处分权right of disposing; jus dispodendi善意占有possession in good faith恶意占有malicious possession按份共有several possession共同共有joint possession他物权jus in re aliena用益物权real right for usufruct使用权right to use; right of use土地使用权right to the use of land林权forest ownership采矿权mining ownership经营权managerial authority; power of management 承包经营权right to contracted management相邻权neighboring right; relatedright地上权superficies永佃权jus emphyteuticum; right to landed estate granted in perpetuity through a contract地役权servitude; easement人役权servitus personarum; personal servitude担保物权real right for security物的担保security for thing物的瑕疵担保warranty against defect of a thing抵押权hypotheca; hypothecation; right to mortgage 抵押权的设定creation of right to mortgage抵押人mortgagor抵押权人mortgagee抵押标的物collateral; estate under mortgage抵押权的效力deffect of right to mortgage抵押权的次序sequence of right to mortgage抵押权的抛弃abandonment of right to mortgage抵押权的让与alienation of right to mortgage抵押权的实现materialization of right to mortgage抵押权的消灭extinction of right to mortgageregistration of estate under mortgage抵押物登记registration of estate under mortgage抵押优先权priority of mortgage留置权lien一般留置权general lien特别留置权special lien质权hypotheque; pledge; right of pledge佃权tenant right债权jus in personam; right to give or procure; claim; creditor’s right债权人creditor债务人debtor相对人counterpart; offeree给付give; pay债务debt; liability; obligation债务的偿还payment of debt债务的偿清discharge of debt债务的担保guarantee of debt债务的合并consolidation of debt债务的给付日期debt maturity债务的免除exemption of debt债的分类obligatio; obligation法定之债legal obligation任意之债voluntary obligation简单之债simple obligation选择之债alternative obligation主债prime/principal obligation从债accessory obligation单一之债single obligation按份之债several obligation 连带之债joint obligation特定之债certain obligation种类之债indefinite obligation合同之债contractual obligation侵权行为之债tort obligation损害赔偿之债obligation of compensation for injury; obligation of damages人身损害damage to person精神损害moral/mental/spiritual damage医药费hospital treatment expense医疗费medical charge抚恤金pension慰问金consolation money产品瑕疵defect of product不当得利unjust enrichment无因管理voluntary service债的担保guarantee of obligation财产担保property guarantee信用担保credit guarantee让与担保alienation guarantee保证guaranty明示保证express guaranty默示保证implied guaranty保证人guarantor保证合同contract of guaranty/suretyship保证金guaranty bond; security deposit押金deposit; foregift预付款advanced payment定金earnest money; deposit违约金liquidated damages法定违约金liquidated damages by law约定违约金liquidated damages by agreement债的履行performance of obligation实际履行原则doctrine of specific performance情事变更原则doctrine of change of circumstances不当履行misfeasance清偿discharge; satisfaction提存debtor’s submission of the subject matter of obligation to competent authority抵销setoff知识产权intellectual property知识产权国际保护international protection of intellectual property国民待遇原则doctrine of national treatment优先权原则a right of priority doctrine自动保护原则doctrine of automatic protection特许权使用费royalties智力成果intellectual property著作权copyright版权copyright著作权人copyright owner创作creation作品opus; product; work著作人格权right of personality of copyright发表权right of publication署名权right of authorship; right of paternity修改权right of modification; right of revision完整性保持权right to maintain integrity不可侵犯权inviolability收回权right of recall; right of retrieval自费出版publish a book at the author’s own expense 著作财产权property right in work使用收益分享权right to share usufruct利用权right to make use of获得报酬权right to get payment重播权right of rebroadcasting录制权right of fixation机械复制权right of mechanograph; right of mechanical reproduction著作邻接权neighboring right of copyright剽窃plagiary; plagiarism盗版pirate盗版VCD pirated VCD伪造forge工业产权industrial property专利权patent right优先权日priority date申请在先原则prior application rule使用在先priority of use新颖性novelty创造性creativity实用性practicability发明创造invention and creation实用新型utility model外观设计design; industrial design发明权right of invention发现权right of discovery 专利申请patent application专利异议objection to a patent专利公告patent gazette专利续展费renewal fee of patent专利许可协议patent licensing agreement技术诀窍know-how专有技术know-how专利证书certificate of patent专利事务所patent office专利代理patent agency中华人民共和国专利局Patent Office of the People’s Republic of China商标权trademark right商标国际注册international registration of trademark 商品商标commodity trademark服务商标service trademark驰名商标reputed trademark广告商标advertisement trademark近似商标similar trademark商标评审委员会trade review and appraisal board商标审查trademark examination商标侵权trademark infringement商标注册registered trademark商标公告trademark gazette注册商标使用许可licensing of registered trademark 注册商标转让assignment of registered trademark商标使用许可协议trademark licensing agreement商标事务所trademark office商标代理trademark agency婚姻、家庭、继承、收养marriage, family, inheritance, adoption婚姻法marital law; marriage law包办婚姻arranged marriage财产分割partition; dismemberment of property重婚bigamy独生子女only child法律婚legal marriage非婚生子女illegitimate child夫妻共同财产community property夫妻关系conjugal relationship夫妻分居divorce a mensa et thoro; divorce from bed and board复婚resumption of marriage感情破裂incompatibility婚后财产公证notarization of postnuptial properties 婚姻登记marriage registration婚生子女ligitimate child计划生育birth control结婚marry离婚divorce买卖婚姻mercenary marriage拟制血亲blood relations in fiction of law旁系血亲collateral relation blood relation涉外婚姻marriage with foreign elements配偶spouse事实婚de facto marriage诉讼离婚divorce by litigation探视权visitation right同居cohabitation晚婚late marriage无效婚姻void marriage协议离婚divorce by agreement一夫一妻制monogamy早婚early marriage直系血亲lineal descent自然血亲natural blood relation收养法adoption law收养协议adoption agreement收养人adoptive parent送养人person or institution placing out a child for adoption涉外收养adoption with foreign elements继承法inheritance law; law of succession法定继承legal seccession遗嘱继承intestate succession遗赠继承succession by devise自然继承natural succession代位继承representation; succession by subrogation 世袭继承hereditary succession间接继承indirect succession转继承subsuccession共同继承joint succession单独继承single succession继承人heir; successor第二顺序继承人successor second in order第一顺序继承人successor first in order继承参与人succession participant 遗产inheritance; heritage遗产继承人heir to property; inheritor遗言last will and testament遗书last words遗赠bequest; legacy; devise遗赠抚养协议legacy-support agreement会计法accounting law税法tax law; taxation law反不正当竞争法anti-unfair competition law消费者权益保护法consumer’s interest protection law产品责任法production liability law消费者权益法consumer rights and interests law公司法company law; corporate law公司company; corporation有限责任公司limited liability company股份有限公司company limited by shares无限公司unlimited company股份两合公司joint stock limited liability partnership 两合公司joint liability company控股公司holding company集团公司group company合资公司joint venture company联营公司associated company; affiliated company国营公司state-own company国有公司state-owned company民营公司civilian-run company本国公司national/domestic company外国公司foreign company上市公司listed company母公司parent company子公司subsidiary皮包公司briefcase company; fundless company募集设立incorporation by stock floatation发起人floater; initiator公司名称name of company公司住址domicile of company出资contribution; capital subscription现金出资investment in cash实物出资investment in kind工业产权出资investment in industrial property right 非专有技术出资investment in non-patent technology 劳务出资investment in labor高新技术成果出资investment in hi-tech achievements注册资本registered capital实缴资本paid-in capital验资报告capital verification report会计师事务所certified public accountants注册会计师certified public accountant资本三原则three doctrine of capital资本确定原则doctrine of capital determination资本维持原则doctrine of capital maintenance资本不变原则doctrine of unchanging capital最低资本额制度minimum capital system公司章程articles of association; articles of incorporation; bylaw公司登记incorporation; corporate registration公司存续existence of company公司合并分立merger and split of company公司并购corporate merger and acquisition公司管理corporate governance; company management公司法律顾问corporate counsel公司整顿company rectification公司歇业closure of business公司和解company composition公司解散company dissolution公司清算company liquidation公司清理company winding-up竞业禁止non-commpete; competition prohibition招股章程prospectus股本stock capital股东shareholder股东大会shareholders’meeting股东大会决议resolution of shareholders’meeting股东大会议事规则rule of procedure of shareholders’meeting表决权voting right; right to vote董事director董事长president/chairman of the board首席执行官chief executive officer(CEO)首席运营官chief operation officer(COO)执行董事executive director常务董事managing director董事会board of directors董事会领导下的经理负责制responsibility system of the chief executive officer under the leadership of the board of directors经理独立负责制manager independent responsibility system监事supervisor监事会board of supervisors股share; stock普通股common stock特别股special stock资格股qualification stock优先股preferred stock劣后股inferior stock表决权股stock with voting power溢价股premium stock折价股converting stock国家股state-owned share集体股collective share法人股corporate share企业股enterprise share个人股individual share股息dividend红股bonus stock; dividend stock法定公积金legal accumulation fund资本公积金capital accumulation fund盈余公积金surplus accumulation fund任意公积金optional accumulation fund公司犯罪corporate crime证券法securities law证券发行issuance of securities证券上市list securities; float an issue证券交易所stock exchange证券商securities dealer证券公司securities company证券承销商consortium of underwriters证券承销合同underwriting contract证券经纪人securities broker披露制度disclosing system交割日closing date风险投资基金venture capital fund上海证券交易所Shanghai Stock Exchange深圳证券交易所Shenzhen Stock Exchange证券监督委员会securities supervision committee票据法law of negotiable instrument票据notes; bills; commercial instruments商业票据bill; commercial instrument远期票据time bill;; long-dated bill到期票据matured bill即期票据sight bill记名票据bill payable to order; note to order不记名票据bearer instrument本票promissory note支票cheque汇票bill of exchange发票日ticket day出票日date of draft/issue发票地place of draft/issue票据到期日bill to mature票据金额sum of bill票面价额face value票据出票人drawer票据持票人bill holder票据承兑人bill acceptor票据行为act on commercial paper承兑票据honor a bill票据议付negotiation拒付票据protest a bill票据付款人drawee票据支付人payer on commercial instrument票据收款人bill collector票据背书人endorser/indorser of a bill被背书人endorsee票据保证人bill guarantor票据被保证人bill pledgee/warrantee再追索人renewed recourser前手remote holder后手subsequent endorser票据权利right of bill票据期限term of bill; tenor票据债务人debtor of commercial instrument追索权right of recourse票据抗辩exception to bill票据丧失loss of bill票据时效prescription of exchanges票据贴现discount of bill再贴现rediscount of bill恩惠期间term of benevolence票据代理agency for notes/bills/commercial instruments 海商法maritime law船舶国籍证书certificate of registry; certificate of ship’s nationality船棋国flag country船舶所有权证书certificate of ship ownership船舶检验register of ship船舶保险insurance on hull船舶保险单hull insurance policy船舶登记证书certificate of registry船舶丈量tonnage measurement of ships船舶进港费groundage船舶抵押ship mortgage船舶租赁ship chartering船舶转租ship subchartering船舶所有人责任限制limitation of liabilities of ship owners船舶碰撞ship collision船舶遇难maritime distress海上灾难perils of the sea海上拖航marine towage船舶扣押detention of ship船舶债权ship’s credit船级社classification society船级证书certificate of class海上留置权maritime lien船舶留置权maritime lien船舶抵押权maritime mortgage海上优先请求权priority claim to seagoing ships救助优先权priority claim to salvage共同海损优先权priority claim to general average服务优先权priority claim to service货物损害优先权priority claim to cargo damage传播抵押借款和货物抵押借款优先权priority claim to ship credit and goods credit海运合同shipping contract提单bill of lading(B/L)空舱费dead freight租船费charterage租船合同charter-party contract of affreightment期租船合同time charter-party; time CP航次租船合同voyage charter-party定期租船合同time charter-party光船租船合同bareboat charter-party; bareboat CP包租运输合同shipping charter-party海上旅客运输合同contract for carriage of passengers by sea远洋拖带合同contract of ocean towage港内拖带合同contract of port towage海难救助合同salvage contract海事报告master’s protest;; sea protest海事声明书sea protest海事争议maritime dispute海事法院maritime court;; admiralty court海事诉讼程序maritime proceedings船舶碰撞案件的民事管辖权civil jurisdiction of sea collision船舶碰撞案件的刑事管辖权criminal jurisdiction of sea collision海事争议的审理hearing/trial of maritime disputes海事诉讼保全措施measures for maritime attachment 海事优先请求权preferential right top maritime claim 海事请求保全申请书application/petition for maritime attachment海事诉讼法律文书送达service of legal instruments in maritime action/proceedings涉外海事诉讼管辖权jurisdiction of maritime action involving for elements强制变卖被扣押船舶compulsory realization of the distrained ship海事仲裁程序规则rules of maritime arbitration procedure保险法insurance law自愿保险voluntary insurance强制保险compulsory insurance商业保险commercial insurance财产保险property insurance人身保险personal insurance人寿保险life insurance健康保险health insurance意外保险accident insurance社会保险social insurance养老保险endowment insurance医疗保险medical insurance失业保险unemployment insurance信用保险credit insurance保证保险guaranty insurance 保险合同insurance contract保险人insurer; underwriter被保险人the insured受益人benificiary投保人applicant for insurance;; policy holder 保险单insurance policy保险标的insurance object保险费premium保险期限time limit of insurance保险利益insurable interest保险金额insurance; insurance compensation 保险事故insurance accident保险赔偿insurance indemnity保险代理人insurance agent保险经纪人insurance broker索赔claim代位索赔claim by subrogation理赔settlement of claim代位求偿权right of subrogation委付abandonment退保cancellation/discharging of insurance。

汉英法律专业词汇

汉英法律专业词汇1. 引言本文档旨在整理汉英法律专业常用的词汇，以供学习和参考之用。

法律领域的专业术语对于翻译、理解和分析法律文件至关重要。

通过掌握这些词汇，读者将能更好地理解法律文件，并在跨文化交流中进行有效的沟通。

2. 法律制度和组织•法律制度：Legal system•宪法：Constitution•刑法：Criminal law•民法：Civil law•行政法：Administrative law •国际法：International law •司法体系：Judicial system •最高法院：Supreme Court •刑事诉讼：Criminal procedure •民事诉讼：Civil procedure •诉讼程序：Legal proceedings•律师: Lawyer•法官: Judge•检察官: Prosecutor3. 合同法•合同：Contract•合同主体：Parties to a contract •订立合同：Enter into a contract •合同条款：Contract clause•无效合同：Void contract•有效合同：Valid contract•违约：Breach of contract•合同解除：Termination of contract•争议解决：Dispute resolution•法律适用：Governing law•合同违约赔偿：Contractual damages 4. 知识产权•专利：Patent•商标：Trademark•著作权：Copyright•商业秘密：Trade secret•侵权：Infringement•专利申请：Patent application•商标注册：Trademark registration•著作权登记：Copyright registration•知识产权保护：Intellectual property protection•颁发专利证书：Grant a patent certificate •撤销专利：Invalidation of a patent5. 公司法•公司：Company•股份有限公司：Limited liability company •董事会：Board of Directors•董事：Director•股东：Shareholder•公司章程：Articles of Association•注册资本：Registered capital•股权转让：Transfer of shares•股东会议：Shareholders’ meeting•公司清盘：Liquidation of a company6. 人权法•人权：Human rights•平等：Equality•自由：Freedom•法律权利：Legal rights•政治权利：Political rights•经济权利：Economic rights•社会权利：Social rights•歧视：Discrimination•言论自由：Freedom of speech•宗教自由：Freedom of religion•雇佣歧视：Employment discrimination 7. 犯罪和刑事司法•犯罪：Crime•刑事责任：Criminal liability•盗窃：Theft•谋杀：Murder•袭击：Assault•妨碍司法公正：Obstruction of justice•罚款：Fine•判刑：Sentencing•缓刑：Probation•无罪释放：Acquittal8. 婚姻和家庭法•婚姻：Marriage•离婚：Divorce•配偶：Spouse•夫妻共同财产：Marital property •孩子抚养权：Child custody•探视权：Visitation rights•婚前协议：Prenuptial agreement•家暴：Domestic violence•遗嘱：Will•遗产分配：Inheritance distribution 9. 国际法•合同国家：Contracting state•条约：Treaty•国际公约：International convention •外交豁免权：Diplomatic immunity •战争犯罪：War crimes•领土争端：Territorial dispute•领事：Consul•外交关系：Diplomatic relations•人道主义法：Humanitarian law•国际仲裁：International arbitration以上是汉英法律专业常用词汇的简要介绍，希望能为读者提供参考和学习的资料。

法律英语基础词汇：Mala Praxis.doc

法律英语基础词汇：Mala Praxis
Mala Praxis 医疗失误、医疗过失
Latin expression，to signify bad or unskilful practice in a physician or other professional person，such as a midwife，lawyer，etc.，whereby the health or welfare of the patient or client is injured. The failure of a professional to follow the accepted standards of practice of his or her profession.
【注】Mala Praxis系拉丁语，威廉黑石爵士（Sir William Blackstone）在1768年编写其法律巨著《英格兰法律评论（Commentaries on the Laws of England）》时，将mala praxis （即现代英文malpractice）定义为：由于内科医师、外科医师或药师等人的疏忽与不当管理所造成的伤害。

（如此的伤害）破坏了患者对该医师的信任，并且也导致病患的毁灭。

[笺] 据统计，英国每年有四万多人死于医疗失误；美国每年有近十万人死于医疗失误。

责任编辑：仪。

法律英语词汇大全-A-Z(基础)(DOC)

法律英语词汇大全Aabduct 拐骗,诱拐accessory 从犯accomplice 共犯,帮凶accusation 指控,控告accused 被告acquittal 宣告无罪admissible evidence 可接纳的证据admission 供认,招认Adult Probation and Parole 成人缓刑与假释advocate (n) 辩护人advocate (v) 辩护;倡导affirm 确认,(上诉院)维持原判确认aggravated 加重的aggravated circumstances 增加严重性的情节aid and abet 协谋,教唆,帮凶aiding escape 协助逃跑alibi 不在现场的证据allegation 指称,指控amnesty 大赦appeal 上诉appearance 出庭appellate court 上诉法庭armed robbery 持械抢劫arrest warrant 逮捕证,通缉令assailant 攻击者assault 攻击assault and battery 殴打罪,伤害人身罪attempted crime 犯罪未遂attempted murder 谋杀未遂auto burglary 偷汽车里的东西auto theft 偷汽车automobile homicide 车祸杀人autopsy 验尸,尸体剖检avow 招认,承认award (v) 判给award (n) 裁定额法律英语词汇大全Bbail 保释,保释金bail bond 保释保证金,保金bail bondsman 保释代理人bail jumping 弃保潜逃,保释中逃跑,逃保bailiff 法警,法庭执行官bar 律师业bar association 律师协会bench 法官席,法官bench warrant 法庭传票beyond reasonable doubt 理无置疑,无合理怀疑Bill of Rights 法案,基本权利法案binding 有约束力的,附有义务的binding agreement 有约束力的协议birthright 与生俱来的权利blackmail 勒索,敲诈,讹诈blood alcohol 血液内的酒精含量blood test 验血brief 摘要书,辨诉状bring to justice 移送法办,绳之以法burden of proof 举证责任法律英语词汇大全C(credit for) time served 已服刑时间carjacking 劫车carrying a concealed weapon 身携暗器,携带暗器case 案子,诉讼案件case in chief 主案,控方的证据case law 判例法,案例法causation 因果关系,造事原因causing catastrophe 造成大灾难challengea. preemptory challenge 不述理由而要求陪审员退席b. challenge for cause 有原因要求陪审员退席challenge (v) 反对,质问change of venue 变更审判地点,转移管辖character evidence 人格证据,品德证据charges 指控,罪名指控,罪名charge to the jury (法官)对陪审团的指导chief justice 首席法官circuit court 巡回法庭circumstantial evidence 间接证据,旁证civil code 民事法典civil enforcement 执行民事法典civil law 民法civil liberty 公民自由civil right 公民权利claim (n) 要求权claim (damages) 索赔claim (lost or stolen property) 认领claimant 债权人,原告,索赔人class action lawsuit 集体诉讼clerk of the court 法庭书记closing argument 终结陈述,终结辩论co-conspirator 共谋人,篡谋人coercion 强迫,胁迫,挟制commitment hearing 拘禁听证common law 判例法,习惯法,普通法common law marriage 普通法/习惯法上的婚姻compelling argument 有道理/有说服力的争辩competent council 合格的律师competent court 管辖法院,主管法院complaint 控诉,民事起诉compulsory process 强制到庭的程序concurrent sentences 合并刑期,同时执行confession 认罪,供认,招认confinement 监禁,拘留confiscate 没收,充公confrontation of witness 证人对质consecutive sentences 连续刑期constitutional right 宪法权利contempt of court 蔑视法庭continuance/continuation (of the case) 诉讼延期,展延convict verb 定罪conviction 定罪,判罪coroner 验尸官costs incurred 所引起的费用counsel 律师count 罪项罪项court appointed attorney 法庭任命的律师court of appeals 上诉法院court of last resort 终审法院criminal background information 前科资料criminal code 刑事法典criminal information 刑事检举书criminal intent 犯罪意图criminal justice 刑事司法criminal offense 刑事犯罪criminal proceedings 刑事诉讼程序criminal record 犯罪记录cross examination 盘问crosswalk 行人穿越道,斑马线,人行横道curfew 宵禁,戒严custodial interference 妨碍监护权custody (of children) 监护权(take into) custody 拘留,扣押法律英语词汇大全Ddebrief (a witness) 询问(证人)defamation 诽谤default judgment 缺席判决defendant 被告defense 辩护,答辩,辨方defense attorney 辩护律师defense exhibit A 辨方呈物甲/证物甲deferred prosecution 缓期起诉defraud 诈骗,欺诈detain 扣留,拘留detainer 扣押令detention 拘留direct evidence 直接证据direct examination 直接询问discharge 撤销(命令),释放discovery 告知准备使用的证据,透露证据dismiss 驳回dismiss with prejudice 有偏见驳回起诉(不可以再诉) dismiss without prejudice 无偏见驳回起诉(可以再诉) divorce 离婚domestic violence 家庭暴力double jeopardy 双重判案,一罪重审enhanced penalties 加重刑罚evidence 证据examination 审查,发问,盘问excusable homicide 可原谅的杀人exhibit 呈物,证物exoneration 证明无罪,免除责任exoneration of bail 免除保释金expert witness 专家鉴定证人extortion 勒索extradition 引渡eyewitness 目击证人法律英语词汇大全Ffabrication 捏造,伪造failure to appear 不出庭罪false accusation 诬告罪false arrest 非法逮捕falsification of documents 伪造文件falsification of evidence 伪造证据felony 刑事重罪fencing 买卖赃物field sobriety test 现场清醒测验file (n) 档案,卷宗档案,卷宗file (v) 提交,入档,提出(诉讼)find (v) 判定finding 判决,调查结果fine 罚款fingerprints 指纹firearms 枪械forensic expert 法医,科学鉴定专家forensic psychiatry 司法精神病学forensic science 科学鉴定学forensics 法医学frisk 搜身fugitive 逃犯法律英语词汇大全Ggood cause 正当理由grace period 宽限期grand jury 大陪审团grand theft 重偷窃罪grievance 不满,冤情gross negligence 严重失职groundless 无根据,没道理guardian 监护人guilty 有罪法律英语词汇大全Hhabeas corpus 人身保护法habitual offender 惯犯habitual sex offender 性惯犯habitual violent offender 暴力惯犯hallucinogen 幻觉剂handcuff 手铐harassment 骚扰harbor a criminal 窝藏罪犯hearing 聆讯hearsay 传闻highway patrol 高速公路巡警hijacking 劫持hit and run 驾车肇事后逃跑home detention 软禁homicide 杀人,他杀hostage 人质hostile witness 敌对证人hung jury 不能做出一致决断的陪审团法律英语词汇大全Iidentify 认出,辨认,分辨illegitimate child 私生子,非婚生子illicit 非法immunity 豁免权immunity from liability 责任豁免权immunity from prosecution 检控豁免权impeachment of witness 指责证人implied consent 默认,默示同意inadmissible 不可接纳的incarceration 监禁inconsistent (statements) 矛盾(供词) incriminate 归罪,使负罪indictment 大陪审团起诉书,大陪审团公诉书indirect evidence 间接证据information 正式起诉书informed consent 知情的同意inherent right 固有权利inheritance 继承;遗产injunction 禁令,强制令injustice 不公正,不正义,不法inmate 囚犯insanity 精神错乱intent 意图intimidation 恐吓investigation 调查irrational 不合理智的法律英语词汇大全J-Kjail 拘留所,监狱jailbreak 越狱jay-walk 违章穿越马路joy riding 偷车兜风Judge Advocate General 军法局长,军法处长judgment 判决judicial 司法的jump bail 弃保潜逃jurisdiction 司法权,管辖权,判决权juror 陪审员juror, alternative 候补陪审员juror, prospective 待选陪审员juror, sworn 正选陪审员jury 陪审团jury box 陪审团席jury instructions (法官给)陪审团的指示jury tempering 非法干预陪审团jury trial 陪审团审案Kkidnapping 绑架,绑票killer 凶手法律英语词汇大全Llaw code 法典,法例law enforcement agency 执法机构law firm 律师事务所law school 法学院lawsuit 官司,诉讼,案件lead council 首席律师leading question 诱导发问legal age 法定年龄legal aid 法律援助legal aide 法律助理legal council 法律顾问legal obligation 法律义务legal system 法律体制legality 合法性legislature 立法机关leniency 宽恕,宽大处理lethal injection 致命性注射剂lethal weapon 致命凶器lewd conduct 猥亵行为,淫秽行为,下流行为liability 应负责任,债务liable 法律责任libel 诽谤罪lie detector 测谎器life sentence 无期徒刑,终生监禁lineup 列队辨认嫌疑犯litigant 诉讼当事人litigation 诉讼,打官司lodge a complaint 投诉loophole 漏洞looting 洗劫,趁乱打劫losses 损失法律英语词汇大全Mmagistrate 裁判官making arrest 拘捕,逮捕malicious prosecution 恶意控告malpractice 失职mandate 执行令mandatory 规定的,强制性的mandatory sentences 规定刑期manhunt 搜捕逃犯manslaughter 过失杀人,误杀marshal 法警,庭警material facts 重要事实material statement 重要声明material witness 重要证人matter of record 有案可查的事项minor 未成年人Miranda Rights 米兰达权利misconduct 不法行为,不端行为misdemeanor 轻刑罪misleading question 误导问题misrepresentation 虚假不实的陈述mistrial 无效审判(可重审) mitigating circumstances 减罪细节mitigating factors 减罪因素money laundering 洗钱motion 动议motion denied 动议被否决motion granted 动议被批准mug shot 入案照片法律英语词汇大全N-ONnegligence 疏忽,过失negligent homicide 过失杀人no contest 无争议not guilty 无罪nullify 取消Ooath 誓言objection 反对,抗议,异议obscene 猥亵,淫荡obscene phone call 猥亵/淫秽电话obscenity 猥亵,淫秽,下流obstructing justice 妨害司法offense 罪行,犯法official misconduct 官员渎职on the record 记录在案open court 公开法庭opening statement 开案陈述/陈词ordinance 法令,条例overrule 驳回,推翻法律英语词汇大全P-QPpanel 小组panel (of jurors) 全体陪审员pardon 赦免parole 假释penalties 惩罚,罚金perjury 伪证perpetrator 作案者,肇事者picket line 警戒线,纠察线plaintiff 原告plea bargain 认罪求情,认罪协议plead guilty 认罪答辩plead innocent/not guity 无罪答辩police record 警察记录possession of narcotics 持有麻醉品post bail 交保,提交保释金precedence 优先权precedent 前例,先例prejudice to the case 对案情不公,对案情不利preliminary hearing 初步听证/聆讯preliminary injunction 初步禁令premeditate 预谋preponderance of the evidence 绝大多数的证据,证据的优势prerequisite 先决条件pre-sentencing investigation 判刑前调查pre-sentencing report 判刑前报告presumption of innocence 无罪推定,无罪假设,假定清白prima facie evidence 表面证据,初步证据prior convictions 前科prison 监狱prison clothes 囚衣prison guard 狱警,管教prison term 刑期prisoner 囚犯privacy 隐私权privileged information 秘密资料probable cause 颇能成立的原因probation 缓刑probation officer 监管缓刑犯的官员,缓刑官prohibition 禁令proof 证据prosecution 控方,控告prosecutor 检查官,检控官protective custody 保护性拘留,监护public defender 公设辩护人/律师public domain 公有领域/产业/土地public monies 公款punish according to law 法办punitive damages 惩罚性赔偿Qqualification 资格quash 撤销,废除questionnaire 调查表quick court 短期法庭法律英语词汇大全Rreasonable doubt 合理的怀疑rebuttal 反驳反驳recall a witness 召回证人receiving stolen property 窝赃reckless burning 鲁莽用火reckless driving 鲁莽驾驶recross 再次盘问redirect 再次直接询问release 释放remain silent 保持沉默removal hearing 移送聆讯remedy 补救repeat offender 惯犯repeat offense 多次罪行represent a client 代表客户represent to the court 向法官陈述resisting arrest 拒捕rest a case 案件证据已全部提出restraining order 禁令return a verdict 作出判决reversal 推翻,撤消,驳回review/retrial 复审revoke 撤销,吊销,取消ringleader 主谋,魁首robbery 抢劫robbery, armed 持械抢劫rules of evidence 证据法规则法律英语词汇大全Ssane 神志正常scene of crime 作案现场search warrant 搜查令self incrimination 自证其罪,自我牵连self-defense 自卫sentence 判刑separation agreement 分居协议sexual abuse 性虐待sexual assault 性侵犯shackles 手铐,脚镣sheriff (县)警长shoplifting 入店行窃slander 诽谤solicitor 法务官,初级律师speedy trial 快速审理stalking 潜行追踪statute of limitation 时效法规statutory law 成文法,制定法statutory rape 制定法上的强奸,法定强奸罪stay a warrant 中止刑事手令stay of execution 延缓执行死刑strangulation 勒死,掐死,绞死subject to prosecution 可被公诉submit evidence 提出证据substance abuse 滥用药物substantive count 实质罪项substantive law 实体法,主法sue 起诉,打官司suit 诉讼summary judgment 即决审判suppress evidence 压制证据supreme court 最高法院surveillance 监视suspect 犯罪嫌疑人,疑犯suspended sentence 缓刑swear to tell the truth 发誓说实话sworn testimony 宣誓作证法律英语词汇大全Ttake the stand 到证人席作证,出庭作证tampering with a witness 干扰证人tampering with evidence 损坏证据tampering with jury 干预陪审团temporary restraining order 暂时禁令temporary insanity 暂时性精神错乱tentative 暂定的暂定的testify under oath/affirmation 宣誓作证testimony 证词time off for good behavior 因表现良好而减刑time served 已服刑期tort 民事侵权行为traffic court 交通法庭trafficking in 非法贩卖trespassing 擅自进入trial 审讯trial on merit 实体审判trier of fact 事实的审判者twist (the facts) 歪曲事实法律英语词汇大全U-VUun alienable right 不容剥夺的权利unanimous verdict 全体一致的判决unconstitutional 违宪的under oath 宣过誓unit (police) (警察)小组,警车unlawful handling of 非法处理unlawful retention 非法拘留unlawful sexual intercourse 非法性交unpremeditated crime 非预谋罪行uphold verdict 维持原判urine test 尿液测试use of force 使用武力暴力Vvalidation 批准,证实,使生效vehicular homicide 车祸致死venue 审判地点verbal agreement 口头协议verbatim 咬文嚼字verdict 判决,裁决vested rights 既定权利,应有权利veto 否决vice 恶性vice squad 警察缉捕队,刑警队victim 受害者victim's right 受害者的权利villain 恶棍vindication 证实无罪,证实清白vindictive punishment 报复性惩罚violent crime 暴力罪行visitation 探亲,探视;临检vulnerability 弱点,易受伤害vulture 贪婪而残酷的人法律英语词汇大全W-ZWwaive rights 放弃权利waive time 放弃时限权利waiver of rights 弃权书wanton (willful or reckless) 任性,肆意,肆无忌惮wanton negligence 任意过失war crimes 战争罪行warden 监狱长warning lights 警告灯warning sign 警告标志warrant 法令,逮捕证,搜查证whereabouts 下落will 遗嘱withdraw 撤回,撤销witness of the defense 辨方证人witness of the prosecution 控方证人writ 书面命令,传票wrongful act 不法行为,不当行为wrongful death 意外致死,过失致死,异常死亡Xxenophobe 仇外X-rated film 色情电影Yyes/no question 是非问题yield 让步,屈服Zzealot 狂热,过分热心。

法律英语的常见词汇术语

1. 附录一法律英语的常见词汇术语2. 律师部分:3. 案件受理费court acceptance fee4. 案情重大、复杂important and complicated case5. 案由cause of action6. 案子case7. 包揽诉讼monopolize lawsuits8. 被告defendant(用于民事、行政案件); the accused (用于刑事案件)9. 被上诉人appellee10. 被诉人respondent; defendant11. 本案律师counsel prohac vice12. 本地律师local counsel13. 毕业证diploma; graduation certificate14. 辩护词defense; pleadings15. 辩护律师defense lawyer16. 辩护要点point of defense17. 辩护意见submission18. 财产租赁property tenancy19. 裁定书order; ruling; determination（指终审裁定）20. 裁决书award（用于仲裁）21. 裁决书verdict（用于陪审团）22. （对陪审团组成的）无因抗辩peremptory challenge23. 采信的证据admitted evidence; established evidence24. 草拟股权转让协议drafting agreement of assignment of equity interests25. 查阅法条source legal provisions26. 产权转让conveyancing27. 出差go on errand; go on a business trip28. 出国深造further study abroad29. 出具律师意见书providing legal opinion30. 出示的证据exhibit31. 出庭appear in court32. 传票summons; subpoena33. 答辩状answer; reply34. 代理词representation35. 代理房地产买卖与转让agency for sale and transfer of real estate36. 代理公证、商标、专利、版权、房地产、工商登记agency for notarization, trademark, patent, copyright, and registration of real estate and incorporations37. 代理仲裁agency for arbitration38. 代写文书drafting of legal instruments39. 待决案件pending case40. 当事人陈述statement of the parties41. 第三人third party42. 吊销执业证revocation of lawyer license43. 调查笔录investigative record44. 调查取证investigation and gathering for evidence45. 调解mediation46. 调解书mediation47. 二审案件case of trial of second instance48. 发送电子邮件send e-mail49. 法律顾问legal consultants50. 法律意见书legal opinions51. 法律援助legal aid52. 法律咨询legal counseling53. 法庭division; tribunal54. 法学博士学位LL.D (Doctor of Laws)55. 法学会law society56. 法学课程legal courses57. 法学硕士学位LL.M (Master of Laws)58. 法学系faculty of law; department of law59. 法学学士学位LL.B (Bachelor of Laws)60. J.D ( juris doctor缩写，美国法学学士)61. 法学院law school62. 法院公告court announcement63. 反诉状counterclaim64. 房地产律师real estate lawyer; real property lawyer65. 非合伙律师associate lawyer66. 非诉讼业务non-litigation practice67. 高级合伙人senior partner68. 高级律师senior lawyer69. 各类协议和合同agreements and contracts70. 公安局Public Security Bureau71. 公司上市company listing72. 公诉案件public-prosecuting case73. 公证书notarial certificate74. 国办律师事务所state-run law office75. 国际贸易international trade76. 贸易壁垒trade barrier77. 贸易摩擦trade friction78. 贸易保护主义：trade protectionism79. 反倾销：anti-dumping80. 反补贴：anti-subsidy81. 国际人权法international human rights law82. 国际知识产权法international intellectual property law83. 国际诉讼international litigation84. 国内诉讼domestic litigation85. 合伙律师partner lawyer86. 合伙制律师事务所law office in partner-ship; cooperating law ofice87. 合同审查、草拟、修改contract review, drafting and revision88. 会见当事人interview a client89. 会见犯罪嫌疑人interview a criminal suspect90. 兼职律师part-time lawyer91. 监狱prison; jail92. 鉴定结论expert conclusion93. 缴纳会费membership dues94. 举证责任burden of proof; onus probandi95. 决定书decision96. 勘验笔录record of request97. 看守所detention house98. 抗诉书protest99. 控告人accuser; complainant100. 跨国诉讼transnational litigation101. 劳动争议labor disputes102. 劳动争议仲裁委员会arbitration committee for labor disputes 103. 劳改场reform-through-labor farm; prison farm104. 利害关系人interested party; party in interest105. 律管处处长director of lawyer control department106. 律师lawyer attorney; attorney at law107. 律师惩戒lawyer discipline108. 律师法Lawyer Law109. 律师费lawyer fee110. 律师函lawyer’s letter111. 律师见证lawyer attestation/authentication112. 律师见证书lawyer certification/authentication/witness113. 律师卷宗lawyer’s docile; file114. 律师刊物lawyer’s journal115. 律师联系电话contact phone number of a lawyer116. 律师事务所law office; law firm117. 律师收费billing by lawyer118. 律师网站lawyer website119. 律师协会National Bar (Lawyer) Association120. 律师协会会员member of Lawyer Association121. 律师协会秘书长secretary general of Bar (Lawyer) Association 122. 律师协会章程Articles of Lawyer Assocition123. 律师业务室lawyer’s office124. 律师执业证lawyer license125. 律师助理assistant lawyer126. 律师资格考试bar exam; lawyer qualification exam127. 律师资格证lawyer qualification certificate128. 民事案件civil case129. 民事调解civil mediation130. 民事诉讼civil litigation131. 派出所local police station; police substation132. 判决judgement(用于民事、行政案件);133. determination(用于终审);134. sentence(用于刑事案);135. verdict(由陪审团作出)136. 旁证circumstantial evidence137. 企业章程articles of association; articles of incorporation; bylaw 138. 企业重组corporate restructure139. 起诉状information; indictment140. 取消律师资格disbar141. 全国律师代表大会National Lawyer Congress142. 缺席宣判pronounce judgement or determination by default 143. 人民法院People’s Court144. 人民检察院People’s Procuratorate145. 认定事实determine facts146. 上诉案件case of trial of second instance; appellate case 147. 上诉人appellant148. 上诉状petition for appeal149. 涉外律师lawyers specially handling foreign-related matters 150. 申请复议administrative reconsideration petition151. 申请加入律师协会application for admission to Law Association 152. 申请人petitioner; claimant153. 申诉案件appeal case154. 申诉人（仲裁）claimant; plaintiff155. 申诉书appeal for revision, petition for revision156. 实习律师apprentice lawyer; lawyer in probation period157. 实习律师证certificate of apprentice lawyer158. 视听证据audio-visual reference material159. 适用法律apply law to facts160. 受害人victim161. 书证documentary evidence162. 司法部Ministry of Justice163. 司法建议书judicial advise164. 司法局Judicial Bureau165. 司法局副局长deputy director of Judicial Bureau166. 司法局局长director of Judicial Bureau167. 司法统一考试uniform judicial exam168. 送达service of process169. 诉讼litigation; action; lawsuit170. 诉讼当事人litigation party; litigious party171. 诉讼业务litigation practice172. 诉状complaint; bill of complaint; statement of claim173. 推销法律服务promote/market legal service174. 外国律师事务所foreign law office175. 委托代理合同authorized representation contract176. 委托代理人agent ad litem; entrusted agent177. 委托授权书power of attorney178. 物证material evidence179. 嫌疑人criminal suspect180. 项目融资project financing181. 项目谈判project negotiating182. 刑事案件criminal case183. 刑事诉讼criminal litigation184. 行政诉讼administrative litigation185. 休庭adjourn the court; recess186. 宣判pronounce judgement; determination187. 宣誓书affidavit188. 业务进修attendance in advanced studies189. 一审案件case of trial of first instance190. 与国外律师事务所交流communicate with foreign law firms 191. 原告plaintiff192. 证券律师securities lawyer193. 证人证言testimony of witness; affidavit194. 执行笔录execution record195. 执业登记registration for practice196. 执业范围scope of practice; sphere of practice; practice area 197. 执业申请practice application198. 执业证年检annual inspection of lawyer license199. 仲裁arbitration200. 仲裁案件arbitration case201. 仲裁机构arbitration agency202. 专门律师specialized lawyer203. 专职律师professional lawyer; full-time lawyer204. 撰写法律文章write legal thesis205. 资信调查credit standing investigation206. 自诉案件private prosecuting case207. 二、诉讼法律208. 案件case209. 案件发回remand/rimit a case (to a low court)210. 案件名称title of a case211. 案卷材料materials in the case212. 案情陈述书statement of case213. 案外人person other than involved in the case214. 案值total value involved in the case215. 败诉方losing party216. 办案人员personnel handling a case217. 保全措施申请书application for protective measures218. 报案report a case (to security authorities)219. 被告defendant; the accused220. 被告人最后陈述final statement of the accused221. 被告向原告第二次答辩rejoinder222. 被害人victim223. 被害人的诉讼代理人victim’s agent ad litem224. 被上诉人respondent; the appellee225. 被申请人respondent226. 被申请执行人party against whom execution is filed227. 被执行人person subject to enforcement228. 本诉principal action229. 必要共同诉讼人party in necessary co-litigation230. 变通管辖jurisdiction by accord231. 辩护defense232. 辩护律师defense attorney/lawyer233. 辩护人defender234. 辩护证据exculpatory evidence; defense evidence235. 辩论阶段stage of court debate236. 驳回反诉dismiss a counterclaim; reject a counterclaim237. 驳回请求deny/dismiss a motion238. 驳回上诉、维持原判reject/dismiss the appeal and sustain the original judgement/ruling 239. 驳回诉讼dismiss an action/suit240. 驳回通知书notice of dismissal241. 驳回自诉dismiss/reject a private prosecution242. 驳回自诉裁定书ruling of dismissing private-prosecuting case243. 补充答辩supplementary answer244. 补充判决supplementary judgement245. 补充侦查supplementary investigation246. 不公开审理trial in camera247. 不立案决定书written decision of no case-filing248. 不批准逮捕决定书written decision of disapproving an arrest249. 不起诉nol pros250. 不予受理起诉通知书notice of dismissal of accusation by the court251. 财产保全申请书application for attachment; application for property preservation252. 裁定order; determination (指最终裁定)253. 裁定管辖jurisdiction by order254. 裁定书order; ruling255. 裁决书award256. 采信的证据admitted evidence257. 查封seal up258. 撤回上诉withdraw appeal259. 撤诉withdraw a lawsuit260. 撤销立案revoke a case placed on file261. 撤销原判，发回重审rescind the original judgement and remand the case ro the originalcourt for retrial262. 出示的证据exhibit263. 除权判决invalidating judgement (for negotiable instruments)264. 传唤summon; call265. 传闻证据hearsay266. 答辩answer; reply267. 答辩陈述书statement of defence268. 答辩状answer; reply269. 大法官associate justices; justice270. 大检察官deputy chief procurator271. 代理控告agency for accusation272. 代理申诉agency for appeal273. 代理审判员acting judge274. 代为申请取保候审agency for application of the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving275. 弹劾式诉讼accusatory procedure276. 当事人陈述statement of the parties277. 当庭宣判pronouncement of judgement or sentence in court278. 地区管辖territorial jurisdiction279. 地区检察分院inter-mediate People’s Procuratorate280. 第三人third party281. 调查笔录record of investigation282. 定期宣判pronouncement of judgement or sentence later on a fixed date283. 定罪证据incriminating evidence; inculpatory evidence284. 冻结freeze285. 督促程序procedure of supervision and urge286. 独任庭sole-judge bench287. 独任仲裁员sole arbitrator288. 对妨碍民事诉讼的强制措施compulsory measures against impairment of civil action 289. 对席判决judgement inter parties290. 二审trial of second instance291. 二审案件case of trial of second insurance292. 罚款impose a fine293. 法定证据statutory legal evidence294. 法定证据制度system of legal evidence295. 法官judges296. 法警bailiff; court police297. 法律文书legal instruments/papers298. 法律援助legal aid299. 法律咨询legal consulting300. 法庭辩论court debate301. 法庭调查court investigation302. 法庭审理笔录court record303. 法庭审理方式mode of court trial304. 法庭庭长chief judge of a tribunal305. 法院court306. 法院公告court announcement307. 反诉counterclaim308. 反诉答辩状answer with counterclaim309. 反诉状counterclaim310. 犯罪嫌疑人criminal suspect311. 附带民事诉讼案件a collateral civil action312. 附带民事诉讼被告defendant of collateral civil action313. 复查reexamination; recheck314. 复验reinspect315. 高级法官senior judge316. 高级检察官senior procurator317. 高级人民法院Higher People’s Court318. 告诉案件case of complaint319. 告诉才处理的案件case accepted at complaint320. 告诉申诉庭complaint and petition division321. 工读学校work-study school for delinquent children322. 公安部Ministry of Public Security323. 公安分局public security sub-bureau324. 公安厅public security bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government325. 公开审理trial in public326. 公开审判制度open trial system327. 公示催告程序procedure of public summons for exhortation328. 公诉案件public-prosecuting case329. 公诉词statement of public prosecution330. 公证机关public notary office331. 共同管辖concurrent jurisdiction332. 管辖jurisdiction333. 国际司法协助international judicial assistance334. 海事法院maritime court335. 合议庭collegial panel336. 合议庭评议笔录record of deliberating by the collegiate bench337. 和解composition; compromise338. 核对诉讼当事人身份check identity of litigious parties339. 恢复执行resumption of execution340. 回避withdrawal341. 混合式诉讼mixed action342. 基层人民法院basic People’s Court343. 羁押期限term in custody344. 级别管辖subject matter jurisdiction of courts at different levels345. 监视居住living at home under surveillance346. 监狱prison347. 检察官procurator348. 检察权prosecutorial power349. 检察委员会procuratorial/prosecutorial committee350. 检察院procuratorate351. 检察院派出机构outpost tribunal of procuratorate352. 简易程序summary procedure353. 鉴定结论expert conclusion354. 经济审判庭economic tribunal355. 径行判决direct adjudication without sessions; judgement without notice356. 纠问式诉讼inquisitional proceedings357. 拘传summon by force; summon by warrant358. 拘留所detention house359. 举报information/report of an offence360. 举证责任burden of proof; onus probandi361. 决定书decision362. 军事法院military procuratorate363. 开庭审理open a court session364. 开庭通知notice of court session365. 勘验笔录record of inquest366. 看守所detention house367. 可执行财产executable property368. 控告式诉讼accusatory proceedings369. 控诉证据incriminating evidence370. 控诉职能accusation function371. 扣押distrain on; attachment372. 扣押物distress/distraint373. 宽限期period of grace374. 劳动争议仲裁申请书petition for labor dispute arbitration375. 劳改场reform-through-labor farm376. 劳教所reeducation-through-labor office377. 类推判决的核准程序procedure for examination and approval of analogical sentence 378. 累积证据cumulative evidence379. 立案报告place a case on file380. 立案管辖functional jurisdiction381. 立案决定书written decision of case-filing382. 立案侦查report of placing a case on file383. 利害关系人interested party384. 临时裁决书interim award385. 律师见证书lawyer’s written attestation; lawyer’s written authentication386. 律师事务所law office; law firm387. 律师提前介入prior intervention by lawyer388. 免于刑事处分exemption from criminal penalty389. 民事案件civil case390. 民事审判庭civil tribunal391. 民事诉讼civil action392. 民事诉讼法Civil Procedural Law393. 扭送seize and deliver a suspect to the police394. 派出法庭detached tribunal395. 派出所police station396. 判决judgement; determination397. 判决书judgement; determination; verdict (指陪审团作出的)398. 旁证circumstantial evidence399. 陪审员juror400. 批准逮捕approval of arrest401. 破案clear up a criminal case; solve a criminal case402. 破产bankruptcy; insolvency403. 普通程序general/ordinary procedure404. 普通管辖general jurisdiction405. 企业法人破产还债程序procedure of bankruptcy and liquidation of a business corporation 406. 起诉filing of a lawsuit407. 起诉sue; litigate; prosecute; institution of proceedings408. 起诉状indictment; information409. 区县检察院grassroots People’s Procuratorate410. 取保候审the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving411. 缺席判决default judgement412. 人民调解委员会People’s Mediation Committee413. 认定财产无主案件cases concerning determination of property as qwnerless414. 认定公民无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力案件cases concerning determination of a citizen as incompetent or with limited disposing capacity415. 上诉appeal416. 上诉人appellant417. 上诉状petition for appeal418. 少管所juvenile prison419. 社会治安综合治理comprehensive treatment of social security420. 涉外案件cases involving foreign interests421. 涉外民事诉讼foreign civil proceedings422. 涉外刑事诉讼foreign criminal proceedings423. 申请人applicant; petitioner424. 申请书petition; application for arbitration425. 申请执行人execution applicant426. 申诉人宣誓书claimant’s affidavit of authenticity427. 申诉书appeal for revision; petition for revision428. 神示证据制度system of divinity evidence429. 神示制度ordeal system430. 审查案件case review431. 审查并决定逮捕examine and decide arrest432. 审查起诉阶段stage of review and prosecution433. 审理通知书notice of hearing434. 审判长presiding judge435. 审判长宣布开庭presiding judge announce court in session436. 审判管辖adjudgement/trial jurisdiction437. 审判监督程序procedure for trial supervision438. 审判委员会judicial committee439. 审判员judge440. 审问式诉讼inquisitional proceedings441. 生效判决裁定legally effective judgement/order442. 胜诉方winning party443. 省市自治区检察院higher People’s Procuratorate444. 失踪和死亡宣告declaration of disappearance and death445. 实（质）体证据substantial evidence446. 实物证据tangible evidence447. 实在证据real evidence448. 示意证据demonstrative evidence449. 视听证据audio-visual evidence450. 收容所collecting post; safe retreat451. 首席大法官chief justice452. 首席检察官chief procurator453. 受害人的近亲属victim’s immediate family454. 受理acceptance455. 受理刑事案件审批表registration form of acceptance of criminal case456. 受送达人the addressee457. 书记员court clerk458. 书记员宣读法庭纪律court clerk reads court rules459. 书证documentary evidence460. 司法部Ministry of Justice461. 司法机关judicial organizatons462. 司法警察judicial police463. 司法局judicial bureau464. 司法厅judicial bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions, and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government465. 司法协助judicial assistance466. 死缓的复核judicial review of death sentence with a retrieve467. 死刑复核程序procedure for judicial review of death sentence468. 死刑复核权competence for judicial review of death sentence469. 送达service of process470. 送达传票service of summons/subpoena471. 送达诉状service of bill of complaint472. 搜查search473. 诉sue; suit; action; lawsuit474. 诉前财产保全property attachment prior to lawsuit475. 诉讼litigation; lawsuit; sue; action476. 诉讼保全attachment477. 诉讼参加人litigious participants478. 诉讼代理人agent ad litem479. 诉状complaint; bill of complaint; state of claim480. 特别程序special procedures481. 提起公诉institute a public prosecution482. 铁路法院railway court483. 铁路检察院railroad transport procuratorate484. 庭审程序procedure of court trial485. 通缉wanted for arrest486. 投案appearance487. 退回补充侦查return of a case for supplementary investigation488. 委托辩护entrusted defense489. 未成年人法庭juvenile court490. 无行政职务的法官associate judge491. 无正当理由拒不到庭refuse to appear in court without due cause492. 无罪判决acquittal, finding of “not guilty ”493. 物证material evidence494. 先予执行申请书application for advanced execution495. 先予执行advanced execution496. 刑事案件criminal case497. 刑事拘留criminal detention498. 刑事强制拘留criminal coercive/compulsory measures499. 刑事审判庭criminal tribunal500. 刑事诉讼criminal proceedings501. 刑事诉讼法Criminal Procedural Law502. 刑事自诉状self-incriminating criminal complaint503. 行政案件administrative case504. 行政审判庭administrative tribunal505. 行政诉讼administrative proceedings506. 行政诉讼法Administrative Procedural Law507. 宣告失踪、宣告死亡案件cases concerning the declaration of disappearance and death 508. 宣判笔录record of rendition of judgement509. 选民资格案件cases concerning qualifications of voters510. 询问证人inquire/question a witness511. 训诫reprimand512. 讯问笔录record of interrogation513. 询问犯罪嫌疑人interrogate criminal suspect514. 言词证据verbal evidence515. 要求传唤证人申请书application for subpoena516. 一裁终局arbitration award shall be final and binding517. 一审trial of first instance518. 一审案件case of trial of first instance519. 应诉通知书notice of respondence to action520. 有罪判决sentence; finding of “guilty”521. 予审preliminary examinantion; pretrial522. 原告plaintiff523. 院长court president524. 阅卷笔录record of file review (by lawyers)525. 再审案件case of retrial526. 再审申请书petition for retrial527. 责令具结悔过order to sign a statement of repentance528. 债权人会议creditors’meeting529. 侦查阶段investigation stage530. 侦查终结conclusion of investigation531. 征询原、被告最后意见consulting final opinion of the plaintiff and defendant 532. 证据evidence533. 证据保全preserve evidence534. 证据保全申请书application for evidence preservation535. 证人证言testimony of witness; affidavit536. 支付令payment order/warrant537. 知识产权庭intellectual property tribunal538. 执行程序procedure execution539. 执行逮捕execution of arrest540. 执行和解conciliation of execution541. 执行回转recovery of execution542. 执行庭executive tribunal543. 执行异议objection to execution544. 执行员executor545. 执行中止discontinuance of execution546. 执行终结conclusion of execution547. 指定辩护appointed defense548. 指定仲裁员声明statement of appointing arbitrator549. 中级人民法院intermediate People’s Court550. 中途退庭retreat during court session without permission551. 仲裁arbitration552. 仲裁被诉人respondent; defendant553. 仲裁裁决award554. 仲裁申请书arbitration555. 仲裁申诉人claimant; plaintiff556. 仲裁庭arbitration tribunal557. 仲裁委员会arbitration committee558. 仲裁协议arbitration agreement; clauses of arbitration559. 仲裁员arbitrator560. 主诉检察官principal procurator561. 助理检察官assistant procurator562. 助理审判员assistant judge563. 专门法院special court564. 专门管辖specific jurisdiction565. 专属管辖exclusive jurisdiction566. 追究刑事责任investigate for criminal responsibility567. 自首confession to justice568. 自诉案件private-prosecuting case569. 自行辩护self-defense570. 自由心证制度doctrine of discretional evaluation of evidence 571. 自侦案件self-investigating case572. 最高人民法院the Supreme People’s Court573. 最高人民检察院the Supreme People’s Procuratorate 574. 最后裁决书final award575. 三、民事法律576. 法律渊源source of law577. 制定法statute578. 判例法case law; precedent579. 普通法common law580. 特别法special law581. 固有法native law; indigenous law582. 继受法adopted law583. 实体法substantial law584. 程序法procedural law585. 原则法fundamental law586. 例外法exception law587. 司法解释judicial interpretation588. 习惯法customary law589. 公序良俗public order and moral590. 自然法natural law591. 罗马法Roman Law592. 私法private law593. 公法public law594. 市民法jus civile595. 万民法jus gentium596. 民法法系civil law system597. 英美法系system of Anglo-American law598. 大陆法系civil law system599. 普通法common law600. 大陆法continental law601. 罗马法系Roman law system602. 英吉利法English law603. 衡平法equity; law of equity604. 日尔曼法Germantic law605. 教会法ecclesiastical law606. 寺院法canon law607. 伊斯兰法Islamic law608. 民法法律规范norm of civil law609. 授权规范authorization norm610. 禁止规范forbidding norm611. 义务性规范obligatory norm612. 命令性规范commanding norm613. 民法基本原则fundamental principles of civil law614. 平等原则principle of equality615. 自愿原则principle of free will616. 公平原则principle of justice617. 等价有偿原则principle of equal value exchange618. 诚实信用原则principle of good faith619. 行为act620. 作为act621. 不作为omission622. 合法行为lawful act623. 违法行为unlawful act624. 民事权利权利能力civil right625. 绝对权absolute right626. 相对权relative right627. 优先权right of priority628. 先买权preemption629. 原权antecedent right630. 救济权right of relief631. 支配权right of dominion632. 请求权right of claim633. 物上请求权right of claim for real thing634. 形成权right of formation635. 撤销权right of claiming cancellation636. 否认权right of claiming cancellation637. 解除权right of renouncement638. 代位权subrogated right639. 选择权right of choice640. 承认权right of admission641. 终止权right of termination642. 抗辩权right of defense643. 一时性抗辩权momentary right of defense644. 永久性抗辩权permanent counter-argument right645. 不安抗辩权unstable counter-argument right646. 同时履行抗辩权defense right of simultaneous performance 647. 既得权tested right648. 期待权expectant right649. 专属权exclusive right650. 非专属权non-exclusive right651. 人身权利personal right652. 人权human right653. 人格权right of personality654. 生命健康权right of life and health655. 姓名权right of name656. 名称权right of name657. 肖像权right of portraiture658. 自由权right of freedom659. 名誉权right reputation660. 隐私权right of privacy661. 私生活秘密权right of privacy662. 贞操权virginity right663. 身份权right of status664. 亲权parental power; parental right665. 亲属权right of relative666. 探视权visitation right667. 配偶权right of spouse668. 荣誉权right of honor669. 权利的保护protection of right670. 公力救济public protection671. 私力救济self-protection672. 权利本位standard of right673. 社会本位standard of society674. 无责任行为irresponsible right675. 正当防卫justifiable right; ligitimate defence676. 防卫行为act of defence677. 自为行为self-conducting act678. 紧急避险act of rescue; necessity679. 自助行为act of self-help680. 不可抗力force majeure681. 意外事件accident682. 行为能力capacity for act683. 意思能力capacity of will684. 民事行为civil act685. 意思表示declaration of intention686. 意思表示一致meeting of minds; consensus687. 完全行为能力perfect capacity for act688. 限制行为能力restrictive capacity for act689. 准禁治产人quasi-interdicted person690. 保佐protection691. 自治产人minor who is capable of administering his own capacity 692. 无行为能力incapacity for act693. 禁治产人interdicted person694. 自然人natural person695. 公民citizen696. 住所domicile697. 居所residence698. 经常居住地frequently dwelling place699. 户籍census register700. 监护guardianship701. 个体工商户individual business702. 农村承包经营户leaseholding rural household703. 合伙partnership704. 合伙人partner705. 合伙协议partnership agreement706. 合伙财产property of partnership707. 合伙债务debt of partnership708. 入伙join partnership709. 退伙withdrawal from partnership710. 合伙企业partnership business establishment711. 个人合伙partnership712. 法人合伙partnership of legal person713. 特别合伙special partnership714. 普通合伙general partnership715. 有限合伙limited partnership716. 民事合伙civil partnership717. 隐名合伙sleeping partnership; dormant partnership718. 私营企业private enterprise; proprietorship719. 法人legal person720. 企业法人legal body of enterprise721. 企业集团group of enterprise722. 关联企业affiliate enterprise723. 个人独资企业individual business establishment724. 国有独资企业solely state-owned enterprise725. 中外合资企业Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise726. 中外合作企业Sino-foreign contractual enterprise727. 社团法人legal body of mass organization728. 财团法人legal body of financial group729. 联营joint venture730. 法人型联营association of legal persons731. 合伙型联营coordinated management in partnership732. 协作型联营cooperation-type coordinated management733. 合作社cooperative734. 民事法律行为civil legal act735. 单方民事法律行为unilateral civil legal act736. 双方民事法律行为bilateral civil legal act737. 多方民事法律行为joint act civil legal act738. 有偿民事法律行为civil legal act with consideration739. 无偿民事法律行为civil legal act without consideration; civil legal act without award 740. 实践性民事法律行为practical civil legal act741. 诺成性民事法律行为consental civil legal act742. 要式民事法律行为formal civil legal act743. 不要式民事法律行为informal civil legal act744. 要因民事法律行为causative civil legal act745. 不要因民事法律行为noncausative civil legal act746. 主民事法律行为principal civil legal act747. 从民事法律行为accessory civil legal act748. 附条件民事法律行为conditional civil legal act749. 附期限民事法律行为civil legal act with term750. 生前民事法律行为civil legal act before death751. 死后民事法律行为civil legal act after death752. 准民事法律行为quasi-civil legal act753. 无效行为ineffective act754. 可撤销民事行为revocable civil act755. 违法行为illegal act; unlawful act756. 侵权行为tort757. 欺诈fraud758. 胁迫duress759. 乘人之危taking advantage of others’precarious position 760. 以合法形式掩盖非法目的legal form concealing illegal intention 761. 恶意串通malicious collaboration762. 重大误解gross misunderstanding763. 显失公平obvious unjust764. 误传misrepresentation765. 代理agency766. 本人principal767. 被代理人principal768. 受托人trustee769. 代理人agent770. 本代理人original agent771. 法定代理人statutory agent; legal agent772. 委托代理人agent by mandate773. 指定代理人designated agent774. 复代理人subagent775. 再代理人subagent776. 转代理人subagent777. 代理权right of agency778. 授权行为act of authorization779. 授权委托书power of attorney780. 代理行为act of agency781. 委托代理agency by mandate782. 本代理original agency783. 复代理subagency784. 次代理subagency。

英语词汇-法律

法律Law General 一般概念discipline 纪律accuse 控告arraign 指责bill 法案code 法典constitution 宪法convict 定罪crime 罪行decree 法令default 违约delate 控告,宣布edict 布告goal 监狱guilt 罪行illegal 不合法illicit 违法impeach 控告,挑剔judicial 司法juris- 司法jurisdiction 司法权justice 公正,司法law 法律legal 合法legislate 立法legitimate 合法litigate 诉讼martinet 严峻的军纪官ordinance 法令,条令peccant 有罪penal 刑事perpetrate 犯罪的prison 监狱prosecute 起诉sentence 判决indict 控告,起诉jail 监狱sin 罪过statute 法规sue 控告Personnel 人员clerk 书记员accessary 从犯accomplice 从犯attorney 律师bailiff 法警barrister 高级律师client 当事人cop 警察counsel 法律顾问counselor 顾问,律师court 法院court reporter 法院书记官culprit 犯人defendant 被告district attorney 地方检察官，公诉人felon 重罪犯jury 陪审团jury foreman 陪审团主席lawyer 律师minor 未成年人notary 公证人offender 罪犯plaintiff 原告police 警察probation officer 缓刑监督官procurator 代理人,检查官prosecuting attorney 检察官prosecutor 告发者public defender 公设辩护人solicitor 律师state's attorney 州检察官tribunal 法官,法庭Grand Jury 大陪审团judge 审判员,法官trustee 委托人witness 目击证人Places 处所bar 律师团，法院bench 法官席civil court 民事法庭courthouse 法院Court of Appeals 上诉法院courtroom 法庭Federal District Court 联邦地区法院gavel 木槌jury box 陪审团席judge's chambers 法官室law office 律师事务所legal aid service 法律援助服务probate court 遗嘱检验法庭State District Court 州地方法院Supreme Court 最高法院witness stand 出庭作证Adjectives 形容词alleged 有嫌疑的hung (jury) 挂起的guilty 有罪的innocent 无罪的liable 应负责的no contest 无争议nolo contendre 无争议(objection) over-ruled 驳回(objection) sustained 准许pre-trial 预审Verbs 动词allege 申述absolve 赦免acquit 开释amnesty 大赦appeal 上诉argue 辩论arrest 拘捕award 判决bail 保释capture 俘获charge 指控charge the jury 控诉commute 减刑defend 辩护deliberate 故意的deliver 释放detention 拘留dissent 持异议emancipate 解放enter a plea 抗辩exempt 豁免exonerate 免罪extradite 引渡find 裁决hear a case 审理案件imprison 监禁instruct 命令jump bail 弃保潜逃liberate 解放plead 辩护release 释放remand 拒留reprieve 缓刑reverse a decision 撤回裁决serve a sentence 服刑swear 宣誓testify 作证throw out a case 拒绝立案try 审判uphold 支持Events and Activities 活动accusation 指控acquittal 开释alimony 瞻养费allegationcase 案例claim （根据权利提出)主张conviction 定罪court order 法庭庭谕cross-examination 反诘问damage 赔偿（金）death penalty 死刑decision 决定defense 辩护deposition 作证evidence 证据exhibit 证物findings 审查结果，判决fraud 欺骗grievance 冤情hearing 听证indictment 起诉inquest 审讯libel 诽谤罪litigation 诉讼manslaughter 一般杀人罪mistrial 无效审判opinion 鉴定parole 使假释出狱perjury 伪证probation 缓刑prosecution 起诉recess 休会retrial 再审right(s) 权利ruling 裁定sequester 扣押settlement 处理suit 诉讼summons 传票testimony 证词trial 审判verdict 判决injunction 命令writ 文件inquiry 调查Idioms and Expressions 成语和表达法bail out 保释do time 在监服刑get away with murder 逍遥法外here come the judge 法官来了jailbird 累犯lay down the law 制定法律of age 成年open and shut case 一目了然的事take the law into one's hands 擅自处理take the stand 出庭作证third degree 严刑逼供throw the book at 严惩，重罚under age 未成年。

所有学科法律单词

所有学科法律单词以下是一些涉及各学科领域的常见法律术语：1. 刑法- 谋杀（murder）- 抢劫（robbery）- 盗窃（theft）- 贩毒（drug trafficking）- 伪造（forgery）- 纵火（arson）2. 民法- 合同（contract）- 所有权（ownership）- 财产（property）- 继承（inheritance）- 婚姻（marriage）- 离婚（divorce）3. 商法- 股份（shares）- 董事会（board of directors）- 合作协议（partnership agreement）- 商标（trademark）- 版权（copyright）4. 知识产权法- 专利（patent）- 商业秘密（trade secret）- 商标权（trademark rights）- 著作权（copyright）- 专有技术（proprietary technology）- 许可证（license）5. 劳动法- 雇佣（employment）- 合同（contract）- 工资（wages）- 解雇（dismissal）- 工会（labor union）- 劳动权利（labor rights）6. 环境法- 污染（pollution）- 环境保护（environmental protection）- 废弃物处理（waste disposal）- 水资源管理（water resource management）- 空气质量（air quality）- 自然保护区（nature reserve）以上仅为一些常见的法律术语，不全面且不提供详细解释。

如需更详尽的法律单词列表或解释，请参考相关法律专业的词典或咨询法律专业人士。

【口译资料】法律英语中的拉丁词汇

法律英语中的拉丁词汇ab initio （自始，例：void ab initio 自始无效）from the beginningad hoc （特别；特定；为某一目的特设，例：ah hoc committee 特设委员会；临时委员会；专门委员会）for this purposead litem （专为某一诉讼目的；例：agent ad litem诉讼代理人）for the lawsuita fortiori（更加，更不必说）according to Webster: "with greater reason or more convincing force -- used in drawing a conclusion that is inferred to be even more certain than another." Example: If it is a violation of the sending state's rights to arrest its consular official, then a fortiori it would be a violation to arrest its ambassador.a posteriori（经验的；归纳的；后验的）from effect to cause; from particular to general; inductive (based on observation or experience).a priori（先验的；演绎的）from cause to effect; from generalization to particular; deductive; presupposed by or reasoning from self-evident propositions (based on theory rather than practice).amicus curiae（法庭之友）"friend of the court"; a person with a strong interest in or views on the subject matter of a given legal action may petition the court for permission to file a brief, ostensibly on behalf of a party but actually to suggest a rationale consistent with its own views. Such amicus curiae briefs are commonly filed in appeals concerning matters of a broad public interest. Example: NPC of Iran v. M/T Stolt Sheaf casecontra legem（违反法律）"against the law" (term used to describe an equitable decision of a court or tribunal that is contrary to the law governing the controversy. Such a decision would not normally be permitted unless the tribunal had been empowered to act ex aequo et bono). As opposed to intra legem.de facto（事实；事实上）in fact (as opposed to in law, de jure)de lege ferenda（根据拟议法）what the law ought to be (as opposed to what the law is, lex lata).de lege lata（根据现行法）what the law is (as opposed to what the law ought to be, de lege ferenda).de jure（法理上；法律上）in law (as opposed to in fact, de facto).dolus specialis （特殊目的）special intent. In international humanitarian law, genocide is considered unique because of the special intent to destroy in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or religious group.erga omnes（对所有国家；普遍适用；对国际社会整体。

常用法律术语

常用法律术语常用法律术语draft 法案，草案Government bill 政府议案to pass a bill, to carry a bill 通过议案to enact a law, to promulgate a law 颁布法律ratification, confirmation 批准law enforcement 法律的实施to come into force 生效decree 法令clause 条款minutes 备忘录report 判例汇编codification 法律汇编legislation 立法legislator 立法者jurist 法学家jurisprudence 法学legitimation 合法化legality, lawfulness 法制，合法legal, lawful 合法的,依法的to contravene a law, to infringe a law, to break a law 违法outlaw, outside the law 超出法律范围的offender 罪犯to abolish 废止，取消rescission, annulment 废除，取消repeal, revocation, annulment 废除(法律) cancellation, annulment, invalidation 废除(合同)cancellation (支票)作废annulment 撤消(遗嘱)repeal rescission 撤消(判决) revocation 撤消immunity 豁免，豁免权disability, legal incapacity 无资格nonretroactive character 不溯既往性preion 剥夺公权attainder 公民权利的剥夺和财产的没收constitutional law 宪法canon law 教会法规common law 习惯法criminal law 刑法administrative law 行政法civil law 民法commercial law, mercantile law 商法law of nations 万国公法，国际法international law 国际法natural law 自然法labour laws 劳工法fiscal law 财政法Civil Suit Law, Code of civil law 民事诉讼法Military Law 军法Con Law 兵役法Copyright Law 著作权法penal code 刑法典code of mercantile law 商法典civil rights 民事权利，公民权利right of asylum 避难权human rights, rights of man 人权(customs) duties 关税death duty, death tax 遗产税royalties 版税。

法律英语常用词汇中英文对照表

A Resolution for Voluntary 自动清盘决议Abatement 减免或减轻abduction 拐带abortion 堕胎absconding 弃保潜逃Absolute assignment 绝对转让absolute discharge 无条件释放absolute liability 绝对法律责任acquit 无罪释放Act of God 天灾、神力行为Act 作为Action 诉讼adjourn 休庭、延期聆讯Adult 成人、成年人Affidavit 誓章age of consent 同意年龄Agent 代理人aiding & abetting 、煽动犯罪Arbitration 仲裁arrest 拘捕、逮捕Arrestable Offence 可逮捕的罪行arrestable offence 可逮捕罪行arson 纵火Articles of Association 公司章程assault 殴打Assignment 转让契据asymmetric cryptosystem 非对称密码系统Auditor 核数师Authorized share capital 法定股本Authorized signature 经授权之签名Available act of Bankruptcy 可用的破产作为Bailiff 执达主任bankruptcy debt 破产债项Bearer 持票人beneficiary 受益人Bilingual Laws Advisory Committee 双语法例谘询委员会Board of directors 董事会British Dependent Territories citizen 英国属土公民British Overseas citizen 英国海外公民Building Authority 建筑事务监视Business Registration 商业登记Buyer 买方Certificate of Compliance 满意纸Certificate of Origin 产地来源证certificate 证书certification practice statement 核证作业准那么Chairman of the board of directors 董事会主席Charge 扺押Charge 抵押Chattel 货物或实产Chief Justice 首席大法官Co-owners 联名业主commissioner 监誓员Committed For Trial 交付审判Common Law 普通法Company directors 公司董事Company Secretary 公司秘书Company 公司Condition precedent 先决条件Conditions of Exchange 换地条款Conditions of Grant 批地条款Conditions of Sale 卖地条款Conditions 批地条款Consideration 代价Consul 领事Consular Officer 领事馆官员Contract for service 服务合约Contract of Sale 售卖合约Conversion 侵占copyright notice 通知Cost， insurance， freight CIF Counter-offer 反要约Court of Final Appeal 终审法院Creditor 债权人Creditor's Ordinary Resolution 债权人普通决议Creditor's Special Resolution 债权人会议特别决议creditors' committee 债权人委员会creditors' meeting 债权人的会议Creditors' Voluntary Winding 债权人自动清盘damage 损害damages 损害赔偿Debenture 债权证debt provable in bankruptcy or provable debt 可证债权或可证债项Debt Provable in Bankruptcy 可证债项debtor 债务人Deed of Mutual Covenant 大厦公契deed 契据digital signature 数码签署discharge 解除dispute resolution 和调解纠纷dividend 股息Document of Title to Goods 货品的所有权文件dormant 匿名或不活动drawee 受票人drawer 发票人Easement 地役权economic rights 经济权electronic record 电子纪录electronic signature 电子签署Equal Opportunity Commission 平等机会委员会Equitable Charge 公义式扺押Equitable Mortgage 公义式按揭Export 输出、出口Fault 错失Forfeiture 没收租权Freehold 永久业权Future goods 期货Gazette 宪报Government Chemist 政府化验师Government Land Resumption Ordinance 收回官地条例Government Lease 官地租契Group of Companies 公司集团hash function 杂凑函数Import 输入、进口Incumbrance 负累权益information system 资讯系统intellectual property rights 知识产权interim order 临时命令Intermeddling 干预死者的遗产International court of justice 国际法院Joint Tenants 共有权益Judge of the Court of Final Appeal 终审法院大法官Judge 大法官Judgment Creditor 判定债权人Judgment Debtor 判定债务人Judgment 判决Justice， Justice of the peace 太平绅士key pair 配对密码匙land 土地Lands Tribunal 土地审裁处Law Reform Commission 法律改革委员会Law 法律、法例、法Leasehold 租用业权Legal Charge 法定式扺押Legal Mortgage 法定式按揭licensing agreement 许可合同Listed Company 上市公司Medical Practitioner 医生Members' Voluntary Winding Up 成员自动清盘moral rights 精神权利Mortgage 按揭New Territories 新界nominee 代名人Nominee's Report 代名人报告notary 公证人Oath 誓言Offence 罪、罪行、罪项、犯法行为Official Receiver 破产管理署署长Order in Council 枢密院颁令ordinary resolution 普通决议Original court 原讼法院parallel import 平行进口patent 专利Payable at sight 见票即付Payee 受款人Personal Representative 遗产代理人Plaintiff 原告人Police officer 警务人员Power 权、权力Prevailing Market Rent 市值租金Principal Tenant 主租客Prison 狱、监狱Private Company 私人公司private key 私人密码匙Privy Council 枢密院Profit A Prendre 取利权property 财产Property 产权proposal 建议Prospectus 招股章程public key 公开密码匙Quality of Goods 货、货品Quality of Goods 货品品质record 纪录registered design registration 注册外观设计Registered Medical Practitioner 注册医生Registrar of the Supreme Court 最高法院司法常务官Regulations 规例Repeal 废除Restrictive Covenant 限制性的约言Reversionary Title 归属主权Right Of Way 过路权或取道权Sale 售卖Secretary for Justice 律政司司长secured creditor 有抵押债权人Sell 卖、售卖、出售Seller 卖方Share 股﹑股份short term patent 短期专利Sign 签名、签署special resolution 特别决议Specific Goods 特定货品Statutory Declaration 法定声明Subsidiary Legislation 附属法例Summary conviction 简易程序定罪Tenants-in-common 共享权益Tenement 物业单位Term 土地租期Territorial Waters 领海The Office of the Commissioner of Insurance 保险业监理处Title 业权Town Planning Board 城市规划委员会Trade Mark Ordinance 商标条例Trade Mark Registry 商标注册处trade mark relating to goods 货品商标trade mark relating to services 服务商标Trade mark 商标Triable Summarily 可循简易程序审讯Trustee of Bankruptcy 破产受托人trustee 受托人trustworthy system 稳当系统United Kingdom 联合王国Unlisted Company 非上市公司verify a digital signature 核实数码签署voluntary arrangement 个人自愿安排Warranty 保证条款Will 遗嘱years of age 岁、年岁1. 按照出资比例：in proportion to one's respective contributions to the investment2. 按照确定的份额分担义务：assume obligations in proportion to his proper share of the debt3. 按照确定的份额分享权力：be entitled to rights in proportion to his proper share of the credit4. 办理注销登记：cancel the registration5. 被代理人：the principal6. 本人名义：in one's name7. 财产关系和人身关系：property relationships and personal relationships8. 财产继承权：the right of inheritance9. 采用书面形式：in writing10. 查封、扣押、冻结、没收：seize， encroach upon， privately divide，destroy or illegally seal up， distrain， freeze or confiscate11. 超越代理权：beyond the scope of one's power of agency12. 承当连带责任：undertake joint liability for13. 承当民事责任：bear civil liability for14. 承当责任：be held responsible15. 诚实信用：honesty and credibility16. 乘人之危：take advantage of one's unfavorable position17. 村民委员会：the village committee18. 代理民事活动：be represented in civil activities by19. 代理权终止：the expiration of one's power of agency20. 等价有偿：making compensation for equal value21. 恶意串通：conspire maliciously22. 法定代理：statutory agency23. 法定代理人： agent ad litem24. 法律另有规定：otherwise stipulated by law25. 法人： legal person26. 法人组织章程：the articles of association of the legal person27. 负有连带义务的每个债务人：each of the joint debtors28. 附条件的民事法律行为：conditional civil juristic acts29. 个人合伙：individual partnership30. 个体工商户：individual businesses31. 给付定金：leave a deposit with the other party32. 工商行政管理机关：the administrative agency for industry and commerce33. 合伙人：partnerss34. 核准登记的经营围：within the range approved and registered35. 户籍所在地：the place where his residence is registered36. 集体所有制企业：an enterprise under collective ownership37. 监护人：guardian38. 将合同的权利、义务全部或局部转让给第三人：transfer all or part of its contractual rights or obligations to a third party39. 经常居住地：habitual residence40. 经济实体：economic entity41. 经主管机关核准登记：approved and registered by the competent authority42. 居民委员会：the neighborhood committee43. 具有法律约束力：be legally binding44. 履行监护职责：fulfill duty of guardianship45. 埋藏物、隐藏物：buried or concealed object46. 买卖、出租、抵押、转让：be sold， leased， mortgaged or transferred47. 民法通那么： General Principles of the Civil Law48. 民事权利能力：the capacity for civil rights49. 民事权益：civil rights and interests50. 民政部门：the civil affairs department51. 农村承包经营户：leaseholding farm households52. 平等主体：civil subjects with equal status53. 企业法人被撤销：the dissolution of an enterprise as legal person54. 企业法人分立、合并：the division and merger of an enterprise as legal person55. 企业法人解散：disbanding of an enterprise as legal person56. 请求人民法院或者仲裁机关予以变更：request a people's court or an arbitration agency to alter57. 取得不当得利：profits acquired improperly and without a lawful basis58. 取得法人资格：be qualified as a legal person59. 全民所有制企业：an enterprise owned by the whole people60. 权利和义务：rights and obligations61. 擅自变更或者解除〔民事法律行为〕：alter or rescind one's act arbitrarily62. 设立、变更、终止民事关系：establish， change or terminate civil relationship63. 社会团体：social organization64. 事业单位：institution65. 适用中国法律：be governed by the law of PRC 〔The law of PRC shall apply to〕66. 双倍返还定金：repay the deposit in double67. 提供一定的财产作为抵押物：offer a specific property as a pledge68. 完全民事权利能力：full capacity for civil conduct69. 委托代理：entrusted agency70. 委托代理人：an entrusted agent71. 无国籍人：stateless persons72. 无民事行为能力人：a person having no capacity for civil conduct73. 无因管理：act as manager or provide services in order to protect another person's interests when he is not legally or contractually obligated to do so74. 下落不明 one's whereabouts have been unknown75. 限制民事行为能力人：a person with limited capacity for civil conduct76. 享有连带权利的每个债权人：each of the joint creditors77. 行使代理权：exercise the power of agency78. 宣告为无〔限制〕民事行为能力人：declare … to be a person to be without or with limited capacity for civil conduct79. 遗失物、漂流物：lost-and-found objects， flotsam80. 以抵押物折价或者以变卖抵押物的价款优先得到偿还：to keep the pledge to offset the debt or have priority in satisfying his claim out of the proceeds from the sale of the pledge81. 以合法形式掩盖非法目的：perform under the guise of legitimate acts which conceal illegitimate purposes82. 以欺诈、胁迫的手段：as a result of cheating or coercion83. 意思表示真实：the intention expressed is genuine84. 优先购置的权利：a right of pre-emption85. 有过错的一方：the erring party86. 有权向债务人追偿：have the right to claim repayment from the debtor87. 造成财产损失：cause any property loss88. 占有人有权留置该财产：the possessor shall have a lien on the property89. 指定代理：appointed agency90. 主要办事机构：the main administrative office91. 住所：domicile92. 追偿：claim compensation from。

法律英语词汇大全(M类)

法律英语词汇大全（M类）Mafia 黑手党，黑社会，黑帮团伙黑手党，黑社会，黑帮团夥 magistrate 裁判官裁判官mail bomb 邮件炸弹邮件炸弹mail fraud 邮件欺诈邮件欺诈mail theft 邮件盗窃邮件盗窃maiming 残害残害making arrest 拘捕，逮捕拘捕，逮捕malfeasance 恶行，劣迹恶行，劣迹malice 恶意恶意malicious mischief 恶意作弄恶意作弄malicious prosecution 恶意控告恶意控告malign 诬蔑，诋毁污蔑，诋毁malpractice 失职失职mandate 执行令执行令mandatory 规定的，强制性的规定的，强制性的mandatory sentences 规定刑期规定死期manhunt 搜捕逃犯搜捕逃犯manslaughter 过失杀人，误杀过失杀人，误杀maritime law 海事法海事法marshal 法警，庭警发精，庭警mass hysteria 集体发疯集体发疯material facts 重要事实重要事实material statement 重要声明重要声明material witness 重要证人重要证人matter of record 有案可查的事项有案可查的事项maxim 格言格言mayhem 残害身体残害身体mediation 调停，仲裁调停，仲裁minimum standard 最低标准最低标准minor 未成年人未成年人Miranda Rights 米兰达权利米兰达权利mischief 恶作剧恶作剧misconduct 不法行为，不端行为不法行为，不端行为 misdemeanor 轻刑罪轻型罪misleading question 误导问题误导问题misnomer 误称误称misquote 错误引用错误引用misrepresentation 虚假不实的陈述虚假不实的陈述 missing 失踪失踪mistrial 无效审判（可重审）无效审判（可重审） mitigating circumstances 减罪细节减罪细节mitigating factors 减罪因素减罪因素modus operandi 作案方法作案方法money laundering 洗钱洗钱monopoly 垄断垄断moot （adj.）假设的，非实际的假设的，非实际的 moral certainty 确实可靠性确实可靠性moral standard 道德标准道德标准moral turpitude 违背道德，卑鄙违背道德，卑鄙motion 动议动议motion denied 动议被否决动议被否决motion granted 动议被批准动议被批准motive 动机动机mug shot 入案照片入案照片mutilation 切断，残害，毁伤切断，残害，毁伤mutiny 兵变，叛变兵变，叛变。

法律翻译常用拉丁词汇

法律翻译常用拉丁词汇AA bon droit 以正当理由Ab initio 从开始起，自始A coelo usque ad centrum 土地所有者的权利范围A contrario sensu 从另方面来说Ad damunm 就损害而言A dessein 故意Affidavit 宣誓作证书，书面陈述，书面证词A fortiori 更不用说A gratia 恩赐A latere 附属的Alias 化名Alibi 不在犯罪现场证明A mere scientilla 仅一点，微弱的Amicus curiae 法官的顾问A posteriori 推溯的A priori 推理的BBiens 财产Biens immeubles 不动产Biens meubles 动产Bigamus 重婚者Bilan 资产负债表Billa 起诉状Bona fide 善意，善意的CCambiale jus 交易法Cambium 汇兑Cambium reale 土地交换Camera Regis 国王议事厅Cancellaria curia 衡平法院Capax doli 犯罪能力Capax negotii 处理事务的能力Capias 拘票Corpus delicti 犯罪事实DDarrein 最终的De 从，关于De assisa continuanda 延审令状De bonis asportatis 取走财物De bonis non 已故遗产管理人的后继人De dato 即日起De die in diem 逐日De facto 事实上的De facto 事实婚姻De facto subjectee 事实上的国民De fide 该作信条遵守的Een bloc 全体en bloc vote 全体票决en ventre sa mere 腹中胎儿enquete par turbe 习惯法认可调查entrepot 中转epistates 首席执法官epistulae 信函ergo omnes 完全ex parte 指单方的,一般指在对方不在场，不在辨的情况下单方面提出控诉或者Ex parte decision指法官在没有听过控辩双方陈词的基础上做出的结论ex post facto 事后的Ffait accompli 既成事实fait juridique 法律事实falsa demonstratio 虚伪描写falsus 虚伪的familia 家族familiae emptor 遗嘱执行人famosus 诽谤人格famosus libellus 损害名誉的诽谤faute de service 公务过失Gguardian ad litem 监护人germanus 纯血亲gratis 无偿地gratis dictum 空言gross modo 大体上Hhabeas corpus 人身保护权haereditas 继承权haereditas ab intestato 无遗嘱继承人haeres 继承人haeres natus 亲生的继承人haeres suus 直系继承人heares legitimus 合法继承人Iibidem 出处同上id est 即idem 同上idem genus 同类idem sonans 同音姓名impubes 未成年人in articulo 立即in articulo mortis 临死时in autre droit 凭他人权力in bonis habere 所有权in capita 按人头in flagrante delicto 在作案现场in locum parentis 代理父母地位，它描述的是那些为孩子的利益着想而承担起父母职责的人。

法律英语常见拉丁词汇

习惯与合意可以使法律无效。对事实的不知情可以作为借口，但对法律的无知却不能成为开脱（罪责）的借口。通过惩罚少数人，可以威慑所有人。任何人均不得从其不公正立场中获益。两方当事人之间达成的交易不得损害善意第三方的利益。
15 de facto 16 17 18 19 20 de minimis de novo ejusdm generis et al ex parte
21 expressio unius est exclusio 22 flagrantw delicto 23 forum non conveniens 24 generalia specialibus non derogant 25 26 27 28 29 30 habeas corpus in pari materia in personam in propria in re in rem
除了别的因素以外，除了其他事物之外地方法律恶意加上必要的修改 (什么都）没有精神不健全相反的裁决不合理的推论文理解释现在代替过去公平地，不分先后按相同比例人均依法院自身，本身按家系（分配无遗嘱的遗产）公益性的，无偿的按比例计临时、暂时相等的补偿或报酬，对价法定人数各对各，各从其文字的本义明知，知情一点点（微弱的证据）绝对必须（的条件或资格）地点，位置服从前例自愿的独特的，自成一类的越权行为或者不诉，对反之亦然
31 32 33 34
inter alia lex loci mala fide mala fides
among other things the law of the place n. bad faith with the necessary changes having been made nothing not of sound mood notwithstanding the verdict it dose not follow it si know from its associates now for then with equal step by leads by the court by itself by roots done without asking for payment in proporation for the time being something for something of whom rendering each to each having knowledge little spark without which it could not be location to stand by the decided matters of one's own will of its own kind beyond the power or not against with the order reversed

法律英语重点专业词汇表

法律英语重点专业词汇表以下是一份法律英语中的重点专业词汇表，供参考使用：- 案件（case）- 起诉（file a lawsuit）- 被告（defendant）- 原告（plaintiff）- 辩护（defense）- 公诉人（prosecutor）- 辩护律师（defense lawyer）- 证人（witness）- 法官（judge）- 律师（lawyer）- 合同（contract）- 法律文件（legal document）- 法律条文（legal provision）- 法规（regulation）- 立法（legislation）- 法庭（court）- 诉讼（litigation）- 裁决（judgment）- 判决（verdict）- 上诉（appeal）- 不当行为（misconduct）- 违法行为（illegal act）- 犯罪行为（criminal act）- 合法（legal）- 非法（illegal）- 违反（violate）- 证据（evidence）- 调查（investigation）- 宪法（constitution）- 法治（rule of law）- 监管（regulation）- 法律系统（legal system）- 民事法（civil law）- 刑法（criminal law）- 劳动法（labor law）- 知识产权（intellectual property）- 合同法（contract law）- 诉讼程序（litigation process）这些词汇是法律英语学习中的重点，希望对您有所帮助。

请注意，在具体使用时，务必考虑上下文和专业背景，避免使用不正确或不当的法律术语。

法律英语基础词汇：Mala Prohibita

法律英语基础词汇：Mala Prohibita
Mala Prohibita——法律所禁止的、非法的
Those things which are prohibited by law， and therefore unlawful.
A distinction was formerly made in respect of contracts， between mala prohibita and mala in se； but that distinction has been exploded， and， it is now established that when the provisions of an act of the legislature have for their object the protection of the public， it makes no difference with respect to contracts，whether the thing be prohibited absolutely or under a penalty. Mala in se（本身错误的）指实质上违反社会伦理道德的违法行为，这种行为因侵害了公共秩序、善良风俗而为一般社会正义所不容。

Mala prohibia（法律禁止的）则是本质上并不违反伦理道德，而是因为维护行政管理秩序的需要而为法律所禁止的行为。

在刑事犯罪中，Mala in se寓恶于已，不待法律之特别规定即可认为是犯罪；mala prohibita则寓恶于禁，必须由法律之专门规定才能成立犯罪。

显然，mala in se寓居的范围早已超出了实定法的界限。

1。

法律英语重点单词

n.清算人；清算事务管理人，亦称receiver总经理，常务董事 someone who controls resources and expenditures CONTRACT LAW:Contract Formationn.提前到期，加速到期Clause in a contract requiring the obligor to pay all orone by o 、支持be adequ、拒收a refa contractua政府授予个人从.2、附considob. A noti上级法庭进行辩护) a lawyer in Britain who has the right to argue cases in the higher courts of lawanizations or different departments in an organization,involving the exchange of information or ideas 2.联络o works in a profession;n习艺者，专门人才a person who regularly does a particular activity,especially one tha is done between people,especially an act of buying or selling ; n.办理，处理the process of doing sthns – people – and juridical persons– groups of people, such as corporations, which an law, a person is legally liable when they are financially and legally responsible forcted or appointed members who jointly oversee the activities of a company or organization. Other names includ ration — either with or without limited liability — and including the company's name, purpose, and duration ard others and the public with watchfulness, attention, caution and prudence that a reasonable person in theA certificate of incorporation is a legal document relating to the formation of a company or corporation. It at are complete and consistent with the statutory forms or that have been supplemented by the applicant in licompany's articles of association is a document which, along with the memorandum of association form the comp he official rules and regulations which govern a corporation's management. Drawn up atabbreviated as EGM, is a meeting of members of an organisation, shareholders of a comperal meeting (commonly abbreviated as AGM, also known as the annual meeting) is a meeting that official bodiehe treating of information as private and not for distribution beyond specifically identified individuals or organizati tive, price or impelling motive which induces one party to enter into an agreement.n.考虑，体贴failures to perform contractual obligations caused by unavoidable events beyond the party’s control, such as nat to an amount predetermined by the parties as the total amount of compensation a non-breaching party should re ms of an agreement may not be varied by prior or oral agreements because all such agreements have been conso he event that one or more provisions of the agreement are declared unenforceable, the balance of the agreemento the behavior of two parties and the environment during the formation of the contract, although there was no ob lly misled about the terms, quality or other aspect of the contractual relationship that leads the party to ent er into entering into a contact by use or threat of force, violence, economic pressure or other similar means have the ability to enter into a legal contract, i.e. is not of legal age, is insane or is a convict or enemy alien. on 2m or a situation such as a business arrangement in order to solve the prlblem or complete the arrangementn 2.特许；特许权政府授予个人或团体的做某事的特权，而非公民普遍享有的权利 3.特许使用权；特许经营权 an authori written agreement between two or more people or groups of people which is recognized in law 3.违反盖因合同een tow companies or between an employer and employee, which involves doing work for a stated sum of m 的人对他人的建议自愿作出理智的选择，即同意的意思表示，并不存在胁迫、欺诈或错误理解等情况 give someone perm 者禁止其做某事或某行为的命令 a court order, usually one telling someone not to do somethingrity over you gives you permission to do something, they say that they will allow you to do itp of people in power rescind a law or agreement, they offically withdraw it and state that it is no longer validwhen you renew something such as a licence or a contract, you extend the period of time for which ti ts v of information is encrypted, it is written in a special code, so that only certain people can read itatory, people have to do it, because it is a rule or a law 2.（刑罚）强制性的 if a crime carries a mandatory pun ne for something that you do, you are responsible for it and must be prepared to justify your actions to thaate that you are taking a particular action because that law allows or tells you to 2.援引 if you invoke somet must do it or accept it, because it is the law or because someone in a position of authority says you mustaa s a coo r confinement in a place other than prison(suchlonya nd is usu. punishable by fine,penalty,forfeiturec rime and that generally must be coupled with mens rea td eed that comprises the physical components of agfultmindrlawolg overnment agent's inducement of a person to c ommit a crime, by means of fraud or undue persuasion,in an s oradj.获得假释（者）的，假释的permission for someone to leave prison, on the condic onfc onf）；有责（性）除法定的严格责任的刑事案件外，行为人应受刑事处罚还必须具备法律可能要求的蓄most important；（地位、级别等）最高的2资本的；本金的；可生息的财产的n.1首长；负责人；首领；长官；主管人2（中.2、附件；零件 3从犯帮助实施犯罪行为者。

Malum prohibitum and Malum in se

Malum prohibitumMalum prohibitum (plural mala prohibita, literal translation: "wrong [as or because] prohibited") is a Latin phrase used in Law to refer to conduct that constitutes an unlawful act only by virtue of statute,[1] as opposed to conduct evil in and of itself, or malum in se.[2] Conduct that is so clearly violative of society's standards for allowable conduct that it is illegal under English common law is usually regarded as malum in se. An offense that is malum prohibitum may not appear on the face to directly violate moral standards. The distinction between these two cases is discussed in State of Washington v. Thaddius X. Anderson[3]:Criminal offenses can be broken down into two general categories malum in se and malum prohibitum. The distinction between malum in se and malum prohibitum offenses is best characterized as follows: a malum in se offense is "naturally evil as adjudged by the sense of a civilized community," whereas a malum prohibitum offense is wrong only because a statute makes it so. State v. Horton, 139 N.C. 588, 51 S.E. 945, 946 (1905)."Public welfare offenses" are a subset of malum prohibitum offenses as they are typically regulatory in nature and often "'result in no direct or immediate injury to person or property but merely create the danger or probability of it which the law seeks to minimize.'" Bash, 130 Wn.2d at 607 (quoting Morissette v. United States, 342 U.S. 246, 255-56, 72 S. Ct. 240, 96 L. Ed. 288 (1952)); see also State v. Carty, 27 Wn. App. 715, 717, 620 P.2d 137 (1980).Some examples of mala prohibita include parking violations, copyright violations, tax laws, cultural taboos, and doing certain things without a license.Crimes and torts that may be considered as malum prohibitum—but not malum in se—include: ∙Building or modifying a house without a license∙Copyright infringement∙Draft evasion∙Driving without a valid license∙Gambling∙Illegal druguse and sale∙Illegal immigration∙Operating a business without a license∙Prohibitionof alcohol∙Prostitution∙Sedition∙Surrogacy for profit∙Tax evasion∙Truancy∙Violating building codes∙Weapon possessionMalum in seMalum in se (plural mala in se) is a Latin phrase meaning wrong or evil in itself. The phrase is used to refer to conduct assessed as sinful or inherently wrong by nature, independent of regulations governing the conduct. It is distinguished from malum prohibitum, which is wrongonly because it is prohibited.For example, most human beings believe that murder, rape, and theft are wrong, regardless of whether a law governs such conduct or where the conduct occurs, and is thus recognizably malum in se. In contrast, malum prohibitum crimes are criminal not because they are inherently bad, but because the act is prohibited by the law of the state.This concept was used to develop the various common law offences.[1]Another way to describe the underlying conceptual difference between "malum in se" and "malum prohibitum" is "iussum quia iustum" and "iustum quia iussum," namely something that is commanded (iussum) because it is just (iustum) and something that is just (iustum) because it is commanded (iussum).References1. "Malum prohibitum - LII / Legal Information Institute - Cornell University Law School".Retrieved 19 May 2010.2. "Malum in se - LII / Legal Information Institute - Cornell University Law School".Retrieved 19 May 2010.3. "No. 67826-0. - STA TE v. ANDERSON - Supreme Court of the State of Washington,67826-0, decided August 2000". Retrieved 19 May 2010.4. Canadian Law Dictionary, John A. Yogis, Q.C., Barrons: 2003。

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法律英语基础词汇：Mala Prohibita
Mala Prohibita 法律所禁止的、非法的
Those things which are prohibited by law，and therefore unlawful.
A distinction was formerly made in respect of contracts，between mala prohibita and mala in se；but that distinction has been exploded，and，it is now established that when the provisions of an act of the legislature have for their object the protection of the public，it makes no difference with respect to contracts，whether the thing be prohibited absolutely or under a penalty.
【注】Mala in se（本身错误的）指实质上违反社会伦理道德的违法行为，这种行为因侵害了公共秩序、善良风俗而为一般社会正义所不容。

Mala prohibia（法律禁止的）则是本质上并不违反伦理道德，而是因为维护行政管理秩序的需要而为法律所禁止的行为。

在刑事犯罪中，Mala in se寓恶于已，不待法律之特别规定
即可认为是犯罪；mala prohibita则寓恶于禁，必须由法律之专门规定才能成立犯罪。

显然，mala in se寓居的范围早已超出了实定法的界限。

责任编辑：仪。