工程学科英语复习
学科英语的重点知识点总结
学科英语的重点知识点总结学科英语是为了满足专业学科学习和专业实践需要的一门语言课程。
学科英语不同于一般的英语课程，它更加注重专业术语的学习和专业文献的阅读能力。
学科英语主要包括工程学科英语、医学学科英语、经济学科英语、法学科英语、文学学科英语、计算机学科英语等。
学科英语的重点知识点主要包括：专业词汇、学科文献阅读、专业写作和专业口语。
一、专业词汇1. 英语专业词汇的学习英语专业词汇是学科英语的基础，学生首先要掌握专业领域内最基本的词汇，并能够看懂专业文献中的术语。
学生需要通过不断的积累和记忆，提高自己的专业词汇量，同时也要了解专业词汇的使用场景和搭配。
2. 词组和惯用语的学习在学科英语中，很多专业领域都有自己独特的词组和惯用语，学生需要掌握这些词组和惯用语的用法，能够在实际的专业交流和写作中运用自如。
3. 词汇的应用学生要学会如何将所学的专业词汇应用到实际的写作、口语和阅读中，能够准确地理解和表达专业概念。
二、学科文献阅读1. 学科文献的特点不同学科的学术文献有着不同的特点，学生需要了解学科文献的结构特点、表达方式、逻辑关系等，才能够正确理解文献内容。
2. 阅读策略学生需要学会运用不同的阅读策略，比如预览、略读、精读等，更好地理解学科文献的内容。
3. 文献摘要和评论学生需要学会进行文献摘要和评论，能够准确地概括文献的主要内容，并对文献进行深入的思考和分析。
三、专业写作1. 专业写作的基本要求学科英语中的专业写作要求严谨、准确、清晰，学生需要遵循学术写作的规范和格式，如论文的结构、段落的组织、用词的准确性等。
2. 科技论文写作科技论文是学科英语中的重要写作形式，学生需要学会撰写学术论文的摘要、引言、正文、结论等部分，同时还要学会使用科技论文的标准格式和文献引用格式。
3. 专业报告和演讲在学科英语课程中，学生还需要学会进行专业报告和演讲，能够通过口头表达将自己的专业知识和观点传递给他人。
四、专业口语1. 专业会话在学科英语课程中，学生需要掌握一定的专业会话能力，比如能够进行专业交流和讨论，能够进行专业问答等。
建筑工程专业英语词汇
建筑工程专业英语词汇1. Construction - 建筑2. Architect - 建筑师3. Structural engineer - 结构工程师4. Civil engineer - 土木工程师5. Construction site - 建筑工地6. Blueprint - 蓝图7. Foundation - 地基8. Floor plan - 平面图9. Site plan - 地块平面图10. Construction materials - 建筑材料11. Steel - 钢材12. Concrete - 混凝土13. Brick - 砖块14. Masonry - 砌筑15. Framing - 木结构16. Plumbing - 水暖工程17. Electrical work - 电气工作18. HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) - 供暖、通风和空调19. Insulation - 绝缘材料20. Roofing - 屋顶工程21. Windows and doors - 窗户和门22. Interior design - 室内设计23. Lighting - 照明24. Landscape architecture - 园林建筑学25. Sustainable design - 可持续设计26. Green building - 绿色建筑27. Project management - 项目管理28. Quality control - 质量控制29. Construction cost estimation - 建筑造价估算30. Building codes - 建筑法规31. Construction safety - 建筑安全。
电子工程专业英语词汇(整理版)
电子工程专业英语词汇(整理版)主要内容：1. 电子工程概述2. 电子工程专业词汇1. 电子工程概述电子工程是一门研究电子器件与电子电路的学科，它涵盖了电子技术的各个方面，包括电路设计、电子设备制造、电子材料、信号处理和通信系统等。
2. 电子工程专业词汇- 电子器件：electronic device- 电路设计：circuit design- 电子设备制造：electronic equipment manufacturing- 电子材料：electronic materials- 信号处理：signal processing- 微电子技术：microelectronics- 集成电路：integrated circuit- 数字信号处理：digital signal processing- 工程实践：engineering practice- 控制系统：control system- 电源管理：power management- 传感器技术：sensor technology- 电磁场理论：electromagnetic field theory- 光电子技术：optoelectronic technology- 电磁波传播：electromagnetic wave propagation请注意：以上词汇仅为参考，具体的专业词汇会根据不同的学校和教学内容有所不同。
建议在研究过程中参考教材和课堂用词，以获取最准确的词汇。
总结：本文档整理了电子工程专业的相关词汇，帮助读者快速了解电子工程领域的专业术语。
但是请注意，根据不同的学校和教学内容，词汇表可能会有所不同，建议读者在学习过程中参考相关教材和课堂用词，以获得准确的词汇理解。
关于学科的英语单词100个
关于学科的英语单词100个一、基础学科类。
1. mathematics [ˌmæθəˈmætɪks] (n.) 数学。
2. physics [ˈfɪzɪks] (n.) 物理学。
3. chemistry [ˈkemɪstri] (n.) 化学。
4. biology [baɪˈɒlədʒi] (n.) 生物学。
5. geography [dʒiˈɒɡrəfi] (n.) 地理学。
6. history [ˈhɪstri] (n.) 历史。
7. politics [ˈpɒlətɪks] (n.) 政治学。
8. economics [ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks] (n.) 经济学。
9. philosophy [fəˈlɒsəfi] (n.) 哲学。
10. psychology [saɪˈkɒlədʒi] (n.) 心理学。
二、语言学科类。
11. Chinese [ˌtʃaɪˈniːz] (n.) 汉语；中文。
12. English [ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ] (n.) 英语。
13. French [frentʃ] (n.) 法语。
14. German [ˈdʒɜːmən] (n.) 德语。
15. Spanish [ˈspænɪʃ] (n.) 西班牙语。
16. Japanese [ˌdʒæpəˈniːz] (n.) 日语。
17. Arabic [ˈærəbɪk] (n.) 阿拉伯语。
18. linguistics [lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪks] (n.) 语言学。
19. grammar [ˈɡræmə(r)] (n.) 语法。
20. vocabulary [vəˈkæbjələri] (n.) 词汇。
三、艺术学科类。
21. art [ɑːt] (n.) 艺术。
22. music [ˈmjuːzɪk] (n.) 音乐。
23. dance [dɑːns] (n.) 舞蹈。
工程英语整理
《工程学科英语》期末考试整理【题型说明】第一、二、五部分、以及第四部分的Section A均为选择题。
第一部分：听力测试15’听technology report 【Unit 1-Unit 10】片段，回答问题，大部分片段源自Task 7。
此处内容略第二部分：词汇测试20’Section A Match the definitions with the words 10’12题选自【Unit 1-6】Task 1和【Unit 1-6】单元测试，8题选自学术词汇Section B Choose the best words or phrases to fill in the blanks 10’5题选自【Unit 1, 2, 3, 6】预习任务、【Unit 1-6】Task 2、【Unit 1-4】Task 10，5题选自课外（但词汇出自上述范围）task1 【unit 1—6】（选择配对）1.discipline :a branch of knowledge [ˈdɪsəplɪn] n.学科2.maintain : keep in a certain [meɪnˈteɪn] v.维护；保持；坚持；维修3.extremely :to a high degree or extent [ɪk'striːmli] adv.非常；极其；极端4.apparatus :equipment designed to serve a specific [ˌæpəˈreɪtəs] n. 仪器，器械5.etymology :a history of word. [.etɪ'mɒlədʒi] n.词源学，词源说明6.innate : not establishde by conditioning [ˌiˈneɪt] adj.固有的；内在的；心里的7.circuit :an electrical device that provides a path for electrical ['sɜːkɪt] n.电路，线路8.generator : engine that convers mechanical energy into electrical energy by electromagnetic induction n.发电机9.overlap :a representation of common ground between theories or phenomena n.重叠部分10.permutation : an event in which one thing is substitutde for another[.pɜːmjʊ'teɪʃn] n.（一组事物可能的一种）序列11.downright :out-and-out adv.完全地；彻底地；全然12.relection: a calm lengthy intent considerationn.反映；（关于某课题的）思考；（声、光、热等的）反射13.sophisticated: complex or intricate [sə'fɪstɪ.keɪtɪd] adj. 复杂的；精致的；富有经验的14.verbalize: express in specch ['vɜːbəlaɪz] v. 描述；用言语表现15.property: a basic or essential attribute shared by all members['prɒpəti] n. 特性，属性；财产，地产16.disconnect: disjoin or unfasten n./v. 断开17.fragment: break or cause to break into pieces ['fræɡmənt] v. （使）碎裂，破裂18.inhibit: limit the range or extent of v. 抑制；禁止19.somewhat: to a small degree or extent adv. 稍微；有点20.lug: carry with difficulty v. 用力拖拉21.hooked: addicted to sth adj. 着了迷的22.foster: promote the growth of v. 培养；抚育23.atypical: not representative of a group,class,or type [.eɪ'tɪpɪkl] adj. 非典型的24.spark: put in motion or move to act v. 发动，触动25.ongoing: currently happening adj. 不间断的，进行的26.mentor: serve as a teacher or trusted counselor v. 指导mitment: the act of binding yourself (intellectually or emotionally) to a course of action n.承诺，许诺28.perennial: recurring again and again[pə'reniəl] adj. 终年的，长久的；多年生的，不断生长的；四季不断的29.prerequisite: required as a prior condition or course of study [priː'rekwəzɪt] adj. 必要的30.recruit: register formally as a participant or member [rɪ'kruːt] v. 招聘31.code: ( computer secience) the symbolic arrangement of data or instructions in a computer program or the set of such instructions n. [计]编码32.feature: an article of merchandise that is displayed or advertised more than other articles. ['fiːtʃə(r)] n. 特征(功能)，特点33.hamper: prevent the progress or free movement of ['hæmpə(r)] v.妨碍，束缚，限制34.outweigh: be heavier than v. 在重量上超过；比……重要；胜过，强过；比……有价值35.bug: a fault or defect in a system or machinen. [计]（制作软件程序所产生的意料不到的）错误36.pinpoint: locate exactly v. 确定，准确地指出；精确定位37.flounder: behave awkwardly; have difficulties v. 挣扎，折腾；着慌，勉强应付38.sane: marked by sound judgment adj. 明智的；稳健的39.highlight: move into the foreground to make more visible or prominent v. 强调，突出40.boost: increase or raise v. 促进，提高；增加41.boom: a state of economic prosprity n. 隆隆声；繁荣；激增42.swell: increase in size, magnitude, number, or procedures v. 增强；肿胀；膨胀43.evince: give expression to v. 表明，标示44.skeptic: someone who habitually doubts accepted beliefs n.怀疑者，怀疑论者45.prominent: conspicuous in position or importance adj. 突出的，杰出的46.slog: walk havily and firmly, as when weary, or through mud v.步履艰难地行走；努力苦干47.sluggish: ( of business ) not active or brisk ['slʌɡɪʃ] adj. 行动迟缓的，反应慢的48.stringent: demanding strict attention to rules and procedures['strɪndʒənt] adj. 严格的；迫切的；（货币）紧缩的49.marketable: fit to be offered for sale adj. 可销售的；市场的；有销路的50.plight: a situation from which extrication is difficult especially an unpleasant or trying onen.境况，困境51.aptitude: inherent ability n.（学习方面的）才能，资质，天资52.mesh: work together in harmony v. （使）吻合；相配，匹配53.evaluate: judge the worth of something v.评价，估价54.position: cause to be in an appropriate place, state, or relation v. 给……定位55.merger: the combination of two or more commercial companies n. （两个公司的）合并56.foundamentals: principles from which other truths can be derivedn. 原理；基本原则，基本法则57.proximity: the property of being close together n. 接近，临近；接近度58.procedure: a particular course of action intended to achieve a result n.程序，手续；工序59.adaptability: the ability to change ( or be changed ) to fit changed circumstances.n.适应性；合用性60.adversity: a state of misfortune or affication n.逆境；不幸；灾难单元测试【unit1—6】【含答案】单元测试一I .Useful expressionsGroup A1一系列的a range of2与相结合in combinationwith3源自，起源于derivefrom4追溯到date back to5指的是refer to6专门经营；专门从事specialize in 7涉及，参与be involved in8在规模上0n a ...scale9被称作，叫做be known as10依照，根据in the light of Group B11儿科学知识scientific knowledge 12实践知识practical knowledge 13应用科学applied science14科学原理scientific principle15操作条件operating condition 16预期功能intended function17机械原理mechanical principle18民用建筑civilian structure19技术学科technical discipline20分支学科sub-discipline21基础设施infrastructure==========================22制造工程manufacturing engineering 23技术产品technological products24客户需求customers' needs25技术手段technical means26标准概念standard notion27因果关系cause-effect relation28结果与手段的关系end-mean relation 29自然法则the laws of nature30道德准则moral rules31跨学科课程interdisciplinarycoursesⅡ.MatchingColumn A Column B（h ）1 depict（f ）2.biomolecule（j ）3.discipline（a ）4.obsolete（i ）5.overlap（d ）6.corrosion（e ）7. flaw（b ）8.microfabrication （c ）9.artefact（g ）10. apparatus a) 废弃的；老式的，己过时的b) 微细加工c) 人工制品，人工产物d) 腐蚀，侵蚀，锈蚀e) 瑕疵，缺点f) 生物分子g) 勤仪器，器械h) 描绘，描画i) 重叠部分j) 学科III. Blank Filling1.Engineering is the application of scientific economic , social , practical , and mechanical engineering knowledge in order to invent, design, build, maintain, and improve strctures, machines, devices, systems, materials and processes.2.Engineering is often characterized as having four main branches: chemical engineering ,civil engineering , electrical engineering , and mechanical engineering .3.The principal task of engineering is simply to take into account the customers' needs and to find the appropriate technical means to accommodate these needs.4.Technology is applied science, i.e. it is the transfonnation of nomological cause-effect relations into end-mean relations5.Applied science is regarded as an _automatic or determined process, Which is merely regulated by the laws of nature .IV. Reading Comprehension551. Nuclear physics has given us encouraging glimpses into infinitesimal structures of matter. Progress is being made in studying the mysteries of the living cell. Scientists are learning how to manipulate molecular particles to produce new drugs, materials, and plastics. The tremendous energy of the sun is being brought within our reach. There is scarcely a source of physical power that is not within the ultimate possibility of C .A ) our imaginationB ) our own destructionC ) human controlD ) space exploration552. The shorter a pendulum is, the faster it swings. Most pendulum clocks have a setscrew by which one may adjust the length of the pendulum when the clock is not keeping accurate time. If the clock is running too fast, the pendulum is swing too fast and it should be C .A ) shortenedB ) stoppedC ) lengthenedD ) replaced553. Power plants that generate electricity by means of atomic energy are in operation in several countries. Scientists hope to solve many of the problems in the use of atomic energy, and many scientists now believe that atomic energy will be the most important source of electric power A A ) in the future B ) when it is tried C ) in the laboratory D ) in the army554. There are a number of nuclear power plants now built or under construction by the government and by investor-owned power companies. Although most of the electricity used in the worid is generated in steam or hydroelectric power plants, nuclear plants will help to meet increasing demands for D .A) electrical appliances B) safe investment C ) weapons research D ) electric power555. Since buildings with steel or ferroconcrete frames can move up and down as one body, they receive little damage from an earthquake. Similarly, the ancient Greeks built their comparatively light temples on massive platforms of masonry set on swampy ground During an earthquake, the platform rocked as a whole, and the temple B .A)was damaged B) stayed C) sank in the swamp D) was destroyedV. Translation1 The discipline of engineering is extremely broad, and encompasses a range of more spescialized fields of engineering, each with a more specific emphasis on particular areas of applied science, technology and types of application.程学科内容广泛，可细分为一系列更加专业的工程领域，每个专业领域都专注于某项科学或技术的具体应用。
建筑工程英语词汇大全
建筑工程英语词汇大全建筑工程英语词汇大全建筑工程是一门涉及面广泛的学科，其中包括了建筑结构、建筑材料、建筑设备等多个方面。
在学习建筑工程的过程中，掌握相关的英语词汇是非常重要的。
本文将为大家介绍一些常用的建筑工程英语词汇，帮助大家更好地理解和学习这门学科。
1、Architecture: 建筑学2、Building: 建筑3、Construction: 建筑，建造4、Engineering: 工程5、Civil Engineering: 土木工程6、Architecture Drawing: 建筑图纸7、Blueprint: 蓝图8、Floor Plan: 楼层平面图9、Elevation: 正立面图10、Section: 剖面图11、Perspective: 透视图12、Rendering: 渲染图13、Architectural Firm: 建筑设计公司14、Builder: 建筑公司15、Construction Management: 施工管理16、Project Management: 项目管理17、Scheduling: 时间表，进度表18、Cost Estimation: 成本估算19、Blueprint Reading: 阅读蓝图20、Construction Materials: 建筑材料21、Concrete: 混凝土22、Steel: 钢材23、Wood: 木材24、Brick: 砖25、Stone: 石材26、Painting: 涂料，油漆27、Wallpaper: 墙纸28、Carpentry: 木工活29、Plumbing: 水暖30、Electricity: 电工学31、HVAC: 暖通空调32、Construction Tools: 建筑工具33、Hammer: 锤子34、Nail Gun: 钉枪35、Level: 水准仪，水平仪36、Tape Measure: 量尺37、Wrench: 扳手38、Pliers: 钳子39、Screwdriver: 螺丝刀40、Flashlight: 手电筒41、Safety Equipment: 安全设备42、Hard Hat: 安全帽43、Safety Glasses: 安全眼镜44、Ear Muffs: 耳塞45、Steel Toe Boots: 安全靴46、First Aid Kit: 急救箱47、Construction Safety: 建筑安全48、OSHA Standards: 美国职业安全卫生管理局标准49、Fall Protection: 防坠落措施50、Electrical Safety: 电安全以上是建筑工程领域的一些常用英语词汇，希望大家在阅读和学习过程中能够更好地理解和应用。
土木工程专业英语
土木工程专业英语
土木工程专业英语 abandon v.放弃
abbreviation n.缩写
abrasion n.擦伤，磨损
abundance a.丰富，充裕，大量 access road 入口
accessibility n.可大性，可接近性 acid corrode 酸性腐蚀
acre n.英亩
acronym n.简称，只取首字母的缩写词 adapter n.适配器，转换接头，附件admeasurement contract 计价合同 admixture n.掺和剂
adverse a.不利的
aerodynamic a.空气动力的
aggregate n.骨料，集料
reactive aggregate 活性骨料
agitation n.拌和
air conditioning 空气调节
air-entrained concrete 加气混凝土 akin a.类似的，同样的(常跟to连用) alcove n.凹室，壁龛
alkaline a.碱性(的) high-alkai a.高碱性的
allocate v.分配，分派，配给 allowable stress 允许应力
allowable stress approach 允许应力法 allowance n.留量，容差，补助alkali-aggregate reaction 碱-骨料反应 alternative n.比较方案 a.交替的，变更的，比较的
aluminum(aluminium) n.铝
aluminium alloy 铝合金
amalgam n.混合物，软的混合物 amenity n.舒适，适宜，愉快 analogous a。
生物工程专业英语期末复习资料
单词：metabolic 新陈代谢的，fossil fuel 化石燃料，degrade 降解，fiber 纤维，cotton 棉花，wool 羊毛，hygienic 卫生的detergent 清洁剂，antibiotics 抗生素，component 组分，biodegradability 生物可降解性，intrinsic 固有的，perturb 扰动，thermochemistry 热化学，Biocatalysis 生物催化，enzyme 酶，genetics 遗传学，methodology 方法学，cellular 细胞的，extracellular 胞外的，isotope 同位素，Biotin 生物素，antibiotic 抗生素，penicillin 青霉素,2-oxoglutarate a酮戊二酸，trigger 引发，Flux 通量，transformant 转化株，plasmid 质粒，homologous 同源的，heterologous 异源的deficient 缺陷的，strain 菌株，sensitivity 灵敏度，steady state 稳态，infinitesimal 无穷小的，activity 活力，，mechanism 机制，attenuation 衰减，perturbation紊乱，kinetic 动力学的，glutamate 谷氨酸，composition 组分，medium培养基，perculture 预培养，deionize 去除离子，vitamin 维生素，soybean大豆，protein蛋白质，hydrolysate 水解产物，cholramphenicol 氯霉素，Kanamaycin 卡那霉素，batch 间歇式，fermentor发酵罐，dissolve溶解，oxygen 氧，concerntration浓度，agitation搅拌，revolution 旋转，aeration通气，buffer缓冲液，Sonication 超声波破碎法，supernatant上层液，absorption光吸收值，Branch point 分支点，glucose 葡萄糖，normalize 规格化，consumption 消耗，growth phas 生长期，specific activity 比活力，coefficient 系数，upstream 上游的，lysine 赖氨酸，inoculate 接种，agar 琼脂，bacteriophage 噬菌体，facultative兼性的，assimilate 吸收，saccharide糖类，fructose 果糖，ethanol乙醇，methanol甲醇，glycerol甘油，urea尿素，peptone蛋白胨，copper铜，aqueous水的，eluent 洗脱液，Phosphate 磷酸盐，redox 氧化还原，，modification修饰，host寄主，intermediate 中间体，respiration呼吸，consumption消耗，kinase激酶，isomerase异构酶，bisphophate 二磷酸盐，mass balance质量平衡，genome基因组，genomic基因组的，glycolysis糖消解，high throughput高通量，sequence测序仪，evolutionary进化的，tag标记，transcription转录，transduction传导，array阵列，proteomice蛋白组学，affinity亲和力，counterpart 对照物，amino acid氨基酸，promoter启动子，ligate链接，vector载体，plasmid质粒，base pair碱基对，homology同源性，codon密码子，excise切割下，primer引物，region区段，amplificatio 扩增，transform转化，template模板，strand链，SDS-PAGE十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳，ORF coding 开放阅读框架编码，polymer聚合物，sterilize消毒，inoculate接种，batch fermentation间歇式发酵，continuous fermentation连续是发酵，recombinant重组子，secretion分泌，variant变体，in situ 原地，in vivo体内，ribosome核糖体，interface界面，crosslinking交联，entrapment包埋，encapsulation胶囊化，residue残基，cationic阳离子的，culture broth培养液，stabilization 稳定，hydrolytic水解的，actone丙酮，aromatic芳香族的，sediment沉淀，chiral 手性，pesticide 杀虫剂，aseptic无菌的，impair削弱，atringent严厉，shelf life贮存期，continuous stirred tank reactor连续搅拌釜式反应器，vessel容器，foam breaker 消泡器，condensate冷凝水，cascade control级联控制，ratio control 比率控制，feed forward control 前馈控制，parameter参数，carbon dioxide二氧化碳，hydrophilic polymers亲水聚合物，aqueous水质的，tissue组织，carbohydrate碳水化合物，density 密度，solubility溶解度，extraction萃取，centrifugation离心，filtration过滤，solvent溶剂，solute溶质，membrane 膜，adsorption吸附，evaporation 蒸发，sublimation 升华，vaporisation气化，dehydration 脱水，distillation蒸馏，latent heat潜热，streamlined层流的，turbulent湍流的，hyperfiltration 超滤，dialysis透析，electrophoresis电泳，flocculation絮凝，flotation浮选，milling碾碎，lysis细胞裂解，lipophilic亲脂的，crystallization结晶，chromatographic层析法的，heterotrophic 异养的，lag phase迟滞期，exponential growth phase指数期，stationary phase稳定期，deathphase衰亡期，specific growth rate比生长速率课后习题：1.以间歇式操作方式培养大肠杆菌XN-1。
环境工程专业英语第二版重点课文翻译及复习
life expectancy ：耐用期限，平均寿命poverty-stricken ：贫穷的，贫困的，贫乏的smog-laden air ：烟雾弥漫的天空，烟雾缭绕的空气，阴霾天气global conditions ：全球状况haves and have-nots ：富人和穷人underprivileged ：社会地位低下的，相对贫困的，生活水平低下的，弱势的savanna ：热带大草原，稀树草原predator ：食肉动物，捕食者environmental disruptions ：环境破坏，环境失调农药—pesticide / agricultural chemicals (including: pesticide, germicide, herbicide)化肥—chemical fertilizer 有机废物—organic wastes微生物—microorganism / microbe 衰减—attenuation阻滞的—retardant / blocking 稀释—dilution添加剂—additive 合成塑料—synthetic plastic 再生—regenerationUnit 4Precision and accuracy 精确度和准确度bulk collection 大量的搜集matric material 基体材料ananlytical sequence 分析结果Multivariate statistics 多变量的统计interactive effect 相互间的影响insofar 在...的范围overall analytical scheme 整体分析计划灵敏度sensitivity 采样sample collection 真实时间real time样品欲处理pretreatment of the sample 稳定性stability曲线拟合curve-fitting 吸附adsorb adsorption 累积accumulate accumulation 分析评价analytical evaluation 物理分离physical separation因次图dimension graph 标准方差standard varianceUnit 5primary pollutant 一次大气污染物secondary pollutant 二次大气污染物air stagnation 空气流动停滞，大气停滞nitrous oxide 一氧化二氮(N2O)nitric oxide 一氧化氮(NO) nitrogen dioxide 二氧化氮(NO2)soot 煤烟dust 灰尘smog 烟雾ozone 臭氧herbicide 除草剂pesticide 杀虫剂/ 农药正常浓度normal concentration 严重污染的serious polluted / heavily polluted决定因素determining factor 光化学氧化物photochemical oxidant液体微滴liquid droplet 放射性物质radioactive substance不完全氧化incomplete oxidization / incomplete combustion含硫的sulfur-containing 风化wind erosion / weathering 汽车尾气automobile exhaustUnit 7出口outlet 多管高效旋风分离器multitube high-efficiency cyclone合成纤维synthetic fabric 捕集效率collection efficiency机械洗涤mechanical scrubbing 压力降pressure drop焚化炉incinerator 气体离子gas ion捕集板collection surface 碳黑carbon black尾气off-gas 可应用性applicability 工业规模full-scale 土壤床soil bed生物过滤器biofilter 固定资本fixed capital 易生物降解的easily biodegraded VOC 挥发性有机化合物APC 大气污染控制Regulatory program 调整项目Financial support 财政支持Operating cost 操作成本Biodegradation capacity 生物降解能力Environmental media 环境介质Biological 生物学的Technologies 技术、工艺Inorganic air pollutants 无机大气污染物Unit 10treatment facilities 处理设备municipality 市政当局, 自治市population equivalent 人口当量basement flooding 地下室浸水per capita per day 每人每天runoff 排水domestic sewage 生活污水type of terrain 地形种类Unit 12land disposal 掩埋处置fecal coliform 粪大肠菌群stringent effluent requirement 严格的废水排放要求assimilation capacity 同化能力practical outlets 可行的排出途径，现实出路aquatic life 水生生物detrimental to human health 对人体健康有害的endogenous phase 内源〔生长〕期Unit 13flow monitoring 流量监测equipment age and reliability 装备老化及其可靠性mechanistic facilities 机械设备microbial activity 微生物活性activated sludge 活性污泥controlling respiration 控制呼吸oxidation ditches 氧化沟on-line automation 在线自动〔监测〕手动控制operator control/ manual control 最优化minimize the effects微处理器microprocessor 统计分析statistical analysis质量衡算mass balance 动力学dynamics氧化还原oxidation and reduction /redox 停留时间residence time模拟simulation 参数parameter 水解hydrolysis 积分integralUnit 1 环境工程本书的内容：本书的目的是使工科和理科学生对环境问题的跨学科的研究有所了解：环境问题的起因，环境问题受关注的原因，如何控制环境问题。
【工程学科英语(整合第二稿)】 参考答案
Unit OneTask 1⑩④⑧③⑥⑦②⑤①⑨Task 2① be consistent with他说，未来的改革必须符合自由贸易和开放投资的原则。
② specialize in启动成本较低，因为每个企业都可以只专门从事一个很窄的领域。
③ d erive from以上这些能力都源自一种叫机器学习的东西，它在许多现代人工智能应用中都处于核心地位。
④ A range of创业公司和成熟品牌推出的一系列穿戴式产品让人们欢欣鼓舞,跃跃欲试。
⑤ date back to置身硅谷的我们时常淹没在各种"新新"方式之中，我们常常忘记了，我们只是在重新发现一些可追溯至涉及商业根本的朴素教训。
Task 3T F F T FTask 4The most common viewThe principle task of engineering: To take into account the customers ‘ needs and to find the appropriate technical means to accommodate these needs.Commonly accepted claims:Technology tries to find appropriate means for given ends or desires;Technology is applied science;Technology is the aggregate of all technological artifacts;Technology is the total of all actions and institutions required to create artefacts or products and the total of all actions which make use of these artefacts or products.The author’s opinion: it is a viewpoint with flaws.Arguments: It must of course be taken for granted that the given simplified view of engineers with regard to technology has taken a turn within the last few decades. Observable changes: In many technical universities, the inter‐disciplinary courses arealready inherent parts of the curriculum.Task 5① 工程师对于自己的职业行为最常见的观点是：他们是通过应用科学结论来计划、开发、设计和推出技术产品的。
(完整版)工程学专业英语词汇
(完整版)工程学专业英语词汇工程学专业英语词汇引言工程学是一门涉及设计、建造和维护物质世界的学科，它跨越了各个领域，包括土木工程、电气工程、机械工程等等。
在研究工程学时，了解和掌握相关的英语词汇是至关重要的。
本文档将介绍一些常用的工程学专业英语词汇，希望能对研究和工作中有所帮助。
1. 土木工程英语词汇- Concrete - 混凝土- Foundation - 基础- Structural analysis - 结构分析- Reinforcement - 钢筋- Retaining wall - 挡土墙- Excavation - 挖掘- Bridge - 桥梁- Dam - 水坝- Highway - 公路- Geotechnical engineering - 岩土工程2. 电气工程英语词汇- Electric circuit - 电路- Transformer - 变压器- Generator - 发电机- Motor - 电动机- Power distribution - 电力分配- Control system - 控制系统- Circuit breaker - 断路器- Voltage - 电压- Current - 电流- Resistance - 电阻3. 机械工程英语词汇- Mechanical design - 机械设计- Thermodynamics - 热力学- Fluid mechanics - 流体力学- Heat transfer - 热传导- Stress analysis - 应力分析- Machine tool - 机床- Bearing - 轴承- Gear - 齿轮- Cam - 凸轮- Robotics - 机器人技术4. 计算机工程英语词汇- Algorithm - 算法- Programming - 编程- Database - 数据库- Software engineering - 软件工程- Artificial intelligence - 人工智能- Cybersecurity - 网络安全- Data mining - 数据挖掘- Virtual reality - 虚拟现实5. 工程管理英语词汇- Project management - 项目管理- Cost estimation - 成本估算- Schedule - 进度- Risk management - 风险管理- Quality control - 质量控制- Teamwork - 团队合作- Stakeholder - 利益相关者- Procurement - 采购- Lean manufacturing - 精益制造- Six Sigma - 六西格玛管理结论本文档提供了工程学专业常用英语词汇的简介，涵盖了土木工程、电气工程、机械工程、计算机工程以及工程管理等领域。
地质类专业英语复习资料
1、学科名称：Mineralogy 矿物学. Petrology 岩石学. Geomorphology 地貌学. Geochemistry 地球化学. Geophysics 地球物理. Sedimentology沉积学. Structural geology 构造地质学. Economic geology 经济地质学. Stratigraphy 地层学. Paleogeography 古地理学.Precambrian前寒武纪.paleozoic 古生代.mesozoic中生代.cenozoic新生代.aqueous 水成论.uniformitarianism均变说.catastrophism灾变说.remote sensing遥感.space shuttle航天飞机.engineering geology 工程地质学.geological mapping 地质填图. 古生物学paleontology mineral composition/component of rock 岩石组分elongate shape 椭圆形. Granulite麻粒岩.halo变质环带. geologic structure地质构造. tectonic构造.debris残骸;碎片;破片;残渣.2、常见矿物mineral：Granite花岗岩. quartz石英. feldspar长石. fluorite萤石. Dolomite白云石. cassiterite锡石. stibnite辉锑矿.silica tetrahedrons硅氧四面体.sheet silicates片状硅酸盐。
chain silicates链状. framework silicates框架硅酸盐. mica云母. chert/flint 燧石. hornblende角闪石. amphibole闪石. augite普通辉石. olivine橄榄石.orthoclase正长石. 斜长石plagioclase. 硅石silica. 玛瑙agate. 碧玉jasper。
土木工程专业英语
Civil Engineering English Contents
Chapter 1 Engineering Project
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Chapter 1
Civil Engineering English Contents Conversation
1. —How many phases does a project cover?
人的因素, 包括各种更专业的工程领域, 每一个更具体地强调特定领域的技术和应用类型。
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Civil Engineering English Contents Civil engineering is one of the most diverse branches of engineering. The civil engineer plans, designs, constructs, and maintains a large variety of structures and facilities for public, private, commercial and industrial use.
and processes. Basically, engineering is an end-product-oriented discipline that is very broad,
innovative, cost-conscious and mindful of human factors and includes various more specialized fields of engineering, each with a more specific emphasis on particular areas of technology and types of application. 土木工程框架 介绍 一般而言, 工程学是应用经济、社会和科学的实用知识来设计、建造和维护结构、机器、设备、 系统、材料和过程。基本上, 工程学是一个面向最终产品的学科, 它非常广泛, 创新, 成本意识和考虑到
机械工程专业英语 面试翻译复习
机械工程专业英语第一课机械工程专业英语概述English in Mechanical Engineering一、专业英语概述1. 什么是翻译：翻译就是将一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来。
机械工程英语翻译就是将机械工程学科的英语原著由原作语言(source language)用译文语言(target language)忠实、准确、严谨、通顺、完整地再现出来，使人们能够借助汉语译文准确无误地了解英语机械工程著作所阐述的工程技术内容和科学理论。
机械工程专业英语概述English in Mechanical Engineering2. 翻译例句例1. Control Center, Smoking Free.例2. The tolerance should not be so big.例3. A dog driver stop the rotation of the wheel. 例4. Connect the black pigtail with thedog-house.例5. The importance of computer in the use of manufacturing can not be overestimated.机械工程专业英语概述English in Mechanical Engineering例1. Control Center, Smoking Free.错误译法：控制中心，吸烟自由。
正确译法：控制中心，严禁吸烟。
例2. The tolerance should not be so big.a. 此公差不应给这么大。
（机械学）b. 忍耐力不会有这么大。
(关于人体的耐受性)c. 抗毒性不会有这么强。
（医学）例3. A dog driver stop the rotation of the wheel. 错误译法：狗驾驶员使轮子停转。
专业译法：止动器使轮子停止旋转。
对工程英语的认识和感受
对工程英语的认识和感受
工程英语是一门涵盖广泛的学科,涵盖了机械、电子、电气、化学、材料等多个学科领域的英语语言。
作为工程师,我们需要熟练掌握工程英语,以便更好地进行科学研究、设计、制造和维护各种设备和系统。
以下是我对工程英语的认识和感受:
1. 重要性:工程英语是一门重要的学科,它是工程师交流、合作和沟通的基础。
工程英语的学习能够帮助我们更好地理解各种设备和系统的运作原理,提高我们的科研和创新能力,同时也能够提高我们的工作效率和团队协作能力。
2. 多样性:工程英语的词汇量和语法结构都很多样化,它涵盖了许多专业领域的术语和缩写,例如机械设计、电路原理、材料科学、化学反应等等。
学习工程英语需要耐心和毅力,需要我们不断地积累词汇和语法知识。
3. 应用广泛:工程英语的应用非常广泛,无论是在学术界还是工业界,都需要工程师掌握工程英语。
在学术界,工程英语的应用主要集中在科学研究和论文撰写方面;在工业界,工程英语的应用主要集中在设计和制造方面。
此外,工程英语的应用还在通信、航空航天、汽车、能源等领域。
4. 学习挑战:学习工程英语需要不断地积累词汇和语法知识,需要我们掌握大量的专业术语和缩写。
同时,工程英语的学习过程也需要具备较强的口语和听力能力,需要我们不断地练习口语和听力技巧,以便更好地理解和交流。
总之,工程英语是一门非常重要的学科,需要我们不断学习和掌握。
通过学习工程英语,我们能够更好地理解各种设备和系统的运作原理,提高我们的科研和创新能力,同时也能够提高我们的工作效率和团队协作能力。
工程学科英语综合教程课后答案
工程学科英语综合教程课后答案1、Every means _____ but it's not so effective. [单选题] *A. have been triedB. has been tried(正确答案)C. have triedD. has tried2、79．On a ________ day you can see the city from here. [单选题] *A．warmB．busyC．shortD．clear(正确答案)3、The teachers don't make us wear a school uniform and we can wear _____ we like. [单选题] *A. anyB. thatC. asD. what(正确答案)4、You have coughed for several days, Bill. Stop smoking, _______ you’ll get better soon. [单选题] *A. butB. afterC. orD. and(正确答案)5、The students _____ outdoors when the visitors arrived. [单选题] *A. were playing(正确答案)B. have playedC. would playD. could play6、_______, Mr. Smith. [单选题] *A. Here your tea isB. Here is your tea(正确答案)C. Here your tea areD. Here are your tea7、--Miss Li, could you please help me _______ math problem？--OK. Let me try. [单选题] *A. look upB. work out(正确答案)C. set upD. put up8、Galileo was ____ Italian physicist and astronomer who invented _____ telescope. [单选题] *A. a, aB. the, theC. an, aD. an, the(正确答案)9、He runs so fast that no one can _______ him. [单选题] *A. keep upB. keep awayC. keep up with(正确答案)D. keep on10、Study hard, ______ you won’t pass the exam. [单选题] *A. or(正确答案)B. andC. butD. if11、--Shall we have a swim?--Yes, let’s _______ it at 9:00 next Sunday. [单选题] *A. putB. meetC. setD. make(正确答案)12、His remarks _____me that I had made the right decision. [单选题] *A.ensuredB.insuredC.assured(正确答案)D.assumed13、--Is that the correct spelling?--I don’t know. You can _______ in a dictionary [单选题] *A. look up itB. look it forC. look it up(正确答案)D. look for it14、Mum, this T-shirt is much too small for me. Would you buy me a _______ one? [单选题] *A. niceB. largeC. nicerD. larger(正确答案)15、What’s your _______ for the coming new year? [单选题] *A. playB. plantC. plan(正确答案)D. plans16、John had planned to leave but he decided to stay in the hotel for _____ two days because of the heavy rain. [单选题] *A. otherB. another(正确答案)C. the otherD. others17、Can you give her some ______ ? [单选题] *A. advice(正确答案)B. suggestionC. advicesD. suggest18、—_____ are the Olympic Games held? —Every four years [单选题] *A. How longB. How often(正确答案)C. How soonD. How far19、If we want to keep fit, we should try to _______ bad habits. [单选题] *A. keepB. haveC. getD. get rid of(正确答案)20、The Yangtze River is one of （）the in the world. [单选题] *A. longest riverB. longest rivers(正确答案)C. longer riverD. longer rivers21、There are sixty _______ in an hour. [单选题] *A. hoursB. daysC. minutes(正确答案)D. seconds22、（）, it would be much more sensible to do it later instead of finishing it now. [单选题] *A. FinallyB. MildlyC. Actually(正确答案)D. Successfully23、A?pen _______ writing. [单选题] *A. is used toB. used toC. is used for(正确答案)D. used for24、Mr. Brown ______ the football match next week.（）[单选题] *A. is seeingB. seesC. sawD. is going to see(正确答案)25、—Can you play tennis?—______. But I can play basketball.（）[单选题] *A. Yes, I canB. Yes, I doC. No. I can’t(正确答案)D. No, I don’t26、In order to find the missing child, villagers _______ all they can over the past five hours. [单选题] *A. didB. doC. had doneD. have been doing(正确答案)27、You cannot see the doctor _____ you have made an appointment with him. [单选题] *A. exceptB.evenC. howeverD.unless(正确答案)28、It’s so nice to hear from her again. ______, we last met more than thirty year ago [单选题] *A. What ‘s wordB. That’s to sayC. Go aheadD. Believe it or not(正确答案)29、32．There are about __________ women doctors in this hospital. [单选题] *A．two hundred ofB．two hundreds ofC．two hundredsD．two hundred (正确答案)30、—______ do you pay for it? —Over the Internet. （）[单选题] *A. WhatB. How muchC. How(正确答案)D. When。
学科英语研究生备考
学科英语研究生备考对于很多有志于从事英语教育或者在英语领域深入研究的同学来说，考取学科英语研究生是一个重要的目标。
然而，这个过程并非一帆风顺，需要我们做好充分的准备。
首先，我们要明确报考学科英语研究生的动机。
是出于对英语教育的热爱，还是为了提升自己的学历以便在未来的职业发展中更具竞争力？清晰的动机将成为我们备考过程中的动力源泉。
在确定了动机之后，就要着手了解目标院校和专业的相关信息。
不同院校的学科英语研究生招生要求和考试科目可能会有所差异。
我们要仔细研究各个院校的招生简章、专业目录、历年分数线以及报录比等信息。
通过这些数据，我们可以大致评估报考的难度，从而做出更为明智的选择。
接下来，说一说备考的核心环节——复习。
英语基础知识的巩固是重中之重。
词汇量的积累是基础中的基础，建议每天抽出一定的时间背诵单词，可以使用单词书结合手机 APP 的方式，加强记忆效果。
语法知识也要系统复习，对于各种从句、时态、语态等要做到烂熟于心。
除了基础知识，专业课程的复习也不能忽视。
学科英语一般会涉及到教育学、语言学、英语教学法等相关课程。
对于这些课程，我们要认真研读指定教材，建立起知识框架，理解并记住重要的概念和理论。
同时，要关注教育领域的最新动态和研究成果，这可能会在考试中有所体现。
在复习的过程中，做好笔记是非常重要的。
笔记不仅可以帮助我们梳理知识，还方便日后的复习和回顾。
可以采用思维导图、表格等形式，让知识更加清晰直观。
真题的练习也是必不可少的。
通过做真题，我们可以了解考试的题型和命题规律，从而有针对性地进行复习和训练。
做完真题后，要认真分析错题，找出自己的薄弱环节，进行重点突破。
除了知识的学习，备考期间的心态调整也至关重要。
备考是一个漫长而艰辛的过程，很容易出现焦虑、疲惫等情绪。
我们要学会给自己减压，合理安排学习和休息时间。
可以通过运动、听音乐、与朋友交流等方式来放松身心，保持良好的心态。
此外，制定合理的学习计划也是非常关键的。
乔小六工程学科英语答案
乔小六工程学科英语答案1、_____ the project, we'll have to work two more weeks. [单选题] *A. CompletingB. CompleteC. Having completedD.To complete(正确答案)2、--What are the young people doing there？--They are discussing how to _______?the pollution in the river. [单选题] *A. come up withB. talk withC. deal with(正确答案)D. get on with3、They were both born _______ March, 1 [单选题] *A. in(正确答案)B. atC. onD. since4、The boy’s mother always _______ him a story before he goes to bed. [单选题] *A. saysB. speaksC. tells(正确答案)D. talks5、Alice is a ______ girl. She always smiles and says hello to others.（）[单选题] *A. shyB. strictC. healthyD. friendly(正确答案)6、She found her wallet（）she lost it. [单选题] *A. where(正确答案)B. whenC. in whichD.that7、5 He wants to answer the ________ because it is an interesting one. [单选题] * A．problemB．question(正确答案)C．doorD．plan8、There _____ wrong with my radio. [单选题] *A. are somethingB. are anythingC. is anythingD. is something(正确答案)9、Mary _______ a small gift yesterday, but she didn’t _______ it. [单选题] *A. accepted; receiveB. received; accept(正确答案)C. receives; acceptedD. accepts; received10、Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people_____harm them. [单选题] *A.more thanB.other thanC.rather than(正确答案)D.better than11、John Smith is _______ of the three young men. [单选题] *A. strongB. strongerC. the strongerD. the strongest(正确答案)12、Medicines are to be taken according to the doctor’s advice. [单选题] *A. 发放B. 提取C. 配方D. 服用(正确答案)13、--Jimmy, you are supposed to?_______ your toys now.--Yes, mom. [单选题] *A. put upB. put onC. put away(正确答案)D. put down14、The house is well decorated _____ the disarrangement of a few photos. [单选题] *A. exceptB. besidesC. except for(正确答案)D. in addition to15、—Where ______ you ______ for your last winter holiday?—Paris. We had a great time. （）[单选题] *A. did; go(正确答案)B. do; goC. are; goingD. can; go16、I’ve got some very _______ news to tell you. [单选题] *A. exciting(正确答案)B. comfortableC. convenientD. beautiful17、My camera is lost. I am ______ it everywhere.（）[单选题] *A. looking atB. looking for(正确答案)C. looking overD. looking after18、Thank you very much. You gave us ____ our factory needed. [单选题] *A. informationB. informationsC. the information(正确答案)D. the informations19、They went out in spite of rain. [单选题] *A. 因为B. 但是C. 尽管(正确答案)D. 如果20、When you have trouble, you can _______ the police. They will help you. [单选题] *A. turn offB. turn to(正确答案)C. turn onD. turn over21、We _______ play basketball after school. [单选题] *A. were used toB. used to(正确答案)C. use toD. are used to22、71．How beautiful the shoes look! Can I________？[单选题] *A．try it onB．try on itC．try them on(正确答案)D．try on them23、As for the quality of this model of color TV sets, the ones made in Chine are by no means _____ those imported. [单选题] *A inferior thanB less inferior toC less inferior thanD. inferior to(正确答案)24、My father?is _______ flowers. [单选题] *A. busy watering(正确答案)B. busy waterC. busy with wateringD. busy with water25、Henry lives happily with his three cats. _______ of them are part of his family. [单选题] *A. NoneB. BothC. All(正确答案)D. Neither26、He made ______ for an old person on the bus. [单选题] *A. room(正确答案)B. roomsC. a roomD. some rooms27、Li Lei often takes a walk early ______ the morning.（）[单选题] *A. atB. onC. in(正确答案)D. for28、We need some green paint badly, but there' s _____ at hand. [单选题] *A. notB. nothingC. little(正确答案)D. none29、She’s _______ with her present _______ job. [单选题] *A. boring; boringB. bored; boredC. boring; boredD. bored; boring(正确答案)30、--_______ are the birds doing?--They are singing in a tree. [单选题] *A. WhoB. What(正确答案)C. HowD. Where。
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Unit 1Passage 11. 科学知识scientific knowledge2. 实践知识practical knowledge3. 应用科学applied science4. 科学原理scientific principle5. 操作条件operating condition6. 预期功能intended function7. 机械原理mechanical principle8. 民用建筑civilian structure9. 技术学科technical discipline10. 分支学科sub-discipline11. 基础设施infrastructure12. 制造工程manufacturing engineeringTask 11. Tissue engineering has been a newly developed _________ which represents the new direction of biological medicine engineering. disciplinea branch of knowledge组织工程学是一门新兴的学科，它代表了生物医学工程领域发展的新方向。
2. What sort of preferential policies can foreign investors in software and integrated _________ industry enjoy?circuitan electrical device that provides a path for electrical current to flow 外商投资软件产业和集成电路产业能享受何种优惠政策？3. NC machine tools are difficult to _________ and often result in heavy economic losses when they go wrong due to the high prices.maintainkeep in a certain state数控机床由于价格昂贵，一旦出现故障，维修困难，常带来较大的经济损失。
4. The mechanical energy can be changed back into electrical energy by means of a _________.generatorengine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy by electromagnetic induction利用发电机可以把机械能转变成电能。
5. Research has thrown doubt on the view that _________ intelligence can ever be measured.innatenot established by conditioning or learning科学研究对内在智力可以衡量这一观点表示怀疑。
6. How much _________ exists between the content of this magazine and itsassociated website？overlapa representation of common ground between theories or phenomena该杂志和它的相关网页存在多少重叠的部分？7. The Earth crust is made up of a dozen or so hard plates that drift on _________ hot, soft rock like floating islands on a sea.extremelyto a high degree or extent地壳由大约12个板块构成。
就像在海上漂流的岛屿一样，这些板块在极端高温的岩浆上漂移。
8. The speed limiter is an indispensable auxiliary _________ in the internal combustion engine used in forklift (叉车).apparatusequipment designed to serve a specific function限速器是叉车用内燃式发动机中不可或缺的辅助装置。
9. It is proved through the experiment that this method can effectively prevent this kind of _________ reaction from occurring.permutationan event in which one thing is substituted for another通过实验证明，本方法能有效地防止这种置换反应的发生。
10. _________ is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words.Etymologya history of a word词源学研究词的形式和意义的起源及其历史变化。
Unit 21. 拐点2. 范式转变3. 提高生产率4. 自动化生产线5. 提高效率6. 降低成本7. 大规模生产8. 工厂车间9. 制造功能10. 电子产品11. 智能产品12. 模块化系统13. 嵌入式装置14. 控制系统15. 机器对机器通信16. 虚拟图像/表达17. 制造过程18. 战略建议1. inflection point2. paradigm shift3. increase productivity4. automated assembly line5. increase efficiency6. cut costs7. mass production8. factory floor9. manufacturing function10. electronics products11. smart products12. modular system13. embedded device14. control system15.machine-to-machine(M2M) communication16. virtual representation 17. manufacturing process18. strategic recommendation19. 官方高科技战略19. official High-Tech Strategy20. 行业伙伴20. sector partner21. 深远影响21. far reaching consequences22. 原始数据22. raw data23. 反馈，回馈23. feedback24. 精细过程控制24. fine-grained process control25. 资产跟踪25. asset tracking26. 记忆芯片26. memory chips27. 次位供应商27. second-source supplier28. 低成本产品28. low cost products29. 净效益29. net benefitTask 11. The wireless application server must be an open, _________ architecture, to provide the user with the maximum flexibility and extensibility to ease development and deployment.modulara self-contained unit or item无线应用程序服务器必须是开放的、模块化的体系结构，为用户提供最大的灵活性和可扩充性，以方便开发和部署。
2. The 1935 Ford is mechanically much like its _________ in the Model 40 series.predecessoran ancestor, forefather1935年型的福特车在机械方面与它40型系列的前身非常相像。
3. Continuous _________ and improvement: At the end of an iteration of work, we always look back at how we did and figure out what we can do differently next time to improve.feedback反馈，回馈不断的反馈和改善：在每一次迭代的末尾，我们总是回顾我们以前是怎么做的，并且思考我们下次可以做哪些不同的事来改善流程。
4. New boosters can increase the payload by almost one order of _________. magnitudegreatness of size or amount新型助推器能使有效负载几乎增加一个数量级。
5. Taking a physical _________ means making a systematic count of all merchandise on hand.inventory存货存货的盘点是指对所有库存商品进行系统的盘点。
6. This ability to _________ solar energy is something that fossil fuel burning cannot match.decentralize分散这个分散太阳能的能力是传统的燃料燃烧所比不上的。
7. The government plans to _________ a competition law.draftto draw the outlines or plan of政府计划起草一部竞争法。
8. The inside of a smart card usually contains an _________ microprocessor.embeddedfixed or incorporated, as into a surrounding mass智能卡的内部通常会嵌入一个微处理器。