英语写作教程第七讲

英语写作教程 English Writing Course Lecture 7. Logic Division of Ideas 第七讲:观点的逻辑分类 吉林化工学院外国语学院副教授：林罡
请参考教材《英语写作基础教程（第三版）》第二、三、六章
二零一三年七月
Lecture 7 Logic Division of Ideas (1)
Prewriting: Group Ideas Logically (1)
Essay Model: Logical Division of Ideas (3)
Part I. Organisation: Logical Division of Ideas (5)
Developing a Logical Division Topic (5)
Using examples to support (6)
Practice: Examples (7)
Introducing Examples (8)
Practice: Developing Logical Division Paragraphs (9)
Writing Assignment: Logical Division of Ideas Group Essay (10)
Part II. Grammar and Mechanics (11)
Model Essay: Appositives and Adjective Clauses (11)
Restrictive and Non-restrictive Appositives (13)
Practice: Commas with Restrictive and Non-restrictive Appositives (14)
Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Adjective Clauses (16)
Practice: Commas with Restrictive and Non-restrictive Adjective Clauses (16)
Practice: Commas / Capitalisation Review (17)
Part III. Sentence Structures: Complex Sentences with Adjective Clauses (18)
Subject Pattern Adjective Clauses (19)
Practice: Subject Pattern Adjective Clauses (20)
Object Pattern Adjective Clauses (21)
Practice: Object Pattern Adjective Clauses (22)
Practice: Adjective Clause (22)
Writing Assignment: Sentence Combining (23)
Part IV The Writing Portfolio (25)
Step 1. Prewrite to get ideas (25)
Step 2. Organise the idea. (25)
Step 3. Write the Rough Draft (25)
Step 4. Edit the Rough Draft. (25)
STEP 5. Write the Second Draft (27)
STEP 6. Write the Final Draft. (27)
Part V. Vocabulary to Enhance your Writing (28)
Lecture 7 Logic Division of Ideas
In this lecture, you will expand your knowledge of essay writing. You will learn how to organise a large, complex topic by grouping ideas together and discussing each group in a separate paragraph. This method of organisation, called logical division of ideas, is useful for many kinds for writing, from business letter and memos to college essays and research papers.
Prewriting: Group Ideas Logically
B. Divide the list of sports on the workbook. There is more than one possible way to divide the list. First, decide what your categories will be and label the chart. You may have more or fewer categories than there are columns in the chart. If you need more columns or more space in each column, add them.
Essay Model: Logical Division of Ideas
Part I. Organisation: Logical Division of Ideas
When you write an essay, you must divide your topic into paragraphs. One method of dividing a topic is to use time order. Another method of dividing the topic might be to write about the various causes of the event. To do this, you would group them into social, political, and economic causes and write about each group separately.
Dividing a topic by grouping ideas that have something in common is called logical division of ideas. You can organise the information on many topics by this method. For example, you can divide the topic of sports into individual sports and team sports, or summer, winter, and year-round sports, or sports played with a ball, and sports played without a ball, and so on.
Developing a Logical Division Topic
Using examples to support
Practice: Examples
Introducing Examples
Practice: Developing Logical Division Paragraphs
Writing Assignment: Logical Division of Ideas Group Essay Work with a group of four to six students and write a four or five-paragraph logical division essay on the topic “kinds of Good Lies”. A different student will write each paragraph, and one student will prepare the outline.
1.Discuss as a group ways to write a funnel introduction. After your discussion, assign
one person to write the introductory paragraph.
2.Discuss as a group ways to write a concluding paragraph. Assign one person to write
the conclusion.
3.Assign a different student to write each body paragraph.
4.Assign one student to write a detailed outline.
5.After you have completed your rough drafts, edit and revise each paragraph in your
group. Exchange papers and check each other’s work. Check each body paragraph especially for adequate supporting examples. Make any necessary corrections or revisions. Then combine your paragraphs into one essay (type in Document Format) and check it for completeness and coherence. Refer to the Editing Checklist. Finally, check the outline and clip it to the essay before handing it in.
Part II. Grammar and Mechanics
Model Essay: Appositives and Adjective Clauses
As you read the model essay, look for sentences that contain the words who, which, in which, on which and that. Underline the clauses that begin with these words.
Restrictive and Non-restrictive Appositives
Practice: Commas with Restrictive and Non-restrictive Appositives Underline the appositive in each of the following sentences. Then decide whether it is necessary or unnecessary and write necessary or unnecessary in the parentheses following each sentence. Finally, add commas to separate an unnecessary appositive from the rest of the sentence.
Write pairs of sentences containing appositive on your own. In one sentence, make the appositive unnecessary (non-restrictive). In the other sentence, make it necessary (restrictive). Underline the appositives and add commas if necessary. You may write about holidays in your country or about any other topic.
Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Adjective Clauses
Practice: Commas with Restrictive and Non-restrictive Adjective
Clauses
Practice: Commas / Capitalisation Review
Part III. Sentence Structures: Complex Sentences with Adjective Clauses
Subject Pattern Adjective Clauses
Practice: Subject Pattern Adjective Clauses
Object Pattern Adjective Clauses
Practice: Object Pattern Adjective Clauses
Practice: Adjective Clause
Writing Assignment: Sentence Combining
Part IV The Writing Portfolio
Now let’s complete the writing process you began at the beginning of this lecture. Write an essay discussing different types of television programs that students in your class watch. Follow these steps in order to write a good essay.
Step 1. Prewrite to get ideas
This is the step you completed at the beginning of the lecture.
Step 2. Organise the idea.
Step 3. Write the Rough Draft
Step 4. Edit the Rough Draft.
STEP 5. Write the Second Draft
Write SECOND DRAFT at the top of your WWJ (Weekly Writing Journal). Write the second draft of your composition. Then ask your partner to proofreading.
STEP 6. Write the Final Draft.
After your partner returns your composition, write a neat final copy to hand in for final evaluation. Write Final Draft at the top of your paper.
Part V. Vocabulary to Enhance your Writing
Using your English-English dictionary to study the following pairs of words, and then write out the difference.
ANSWERS FOR LAST WEEK’S VOCABULARY STUDIES。