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By members & collaborators of the Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging Introduction| Software | Documentation | Courses | Email list | Data |
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Introduction Getting started Latest news SPM in brief
Statistical Parametric Mapping Introduction
Statistical Parametric Mapping refers to the construction and assessment of spatially extended statistical processes used to test hypotheses about functional imaging data. These ideas have been instantiated in software that is called SPM.
The SPM software package has been designed for the analysis of brain imaging data sequences. The sequences can be a series of images from different cohorts, or time-series from the same subject. The current release is designed for the analysis of fMRI,PET, SPECT, EEG and MEG.
Getting Started
The best starting point is to read the introductory article on SPM available here. You could then download the latest version of the software and a data set to analyse. Step-by-step instructions for this analysis are available in the SPM manual.
If you're new to imaging, perhaps an epoch fMRI data set would be appropriate. The data sets are provided with instructions on how to use SPM to analyse them. These tutorials therefore give practical instructions on how to implement the various methodologies. Our methods have been written up in books, technical reports and journal papers which are available from our Online Bibliography. This groups documentation according to year, category, author and keyword.
If you're looking for help on a particular topic you can find the relevant papers from the Online Bibliography. Alternatively, you can search the SPM pages using the search facility that appears at the bottom of every page. Also browse and search the SPM WikiBook and please feel free to edit it if you can. If you still can't find what you need, you could send an email to the SPM Email list, which gives you access to our community of experts.
You should also be aware of the many courses on SPM. If there isn't one in your country this year then there's always the annual short course in London. Finally, once you've mastered SPM you can learn about the various extensions provided by experts in the wider community.
Good luck !
Latest news
SPM Course for M/EEG Videos
July 2012: Videos recorded at the May 2012 SPM Course for M/EEG are now freely available online.
SPM Course for fMRI/PET/VBM Videos
November 2011: Videos recorded at the May 2011 SPM Course for fMRI/PET/VBM are now freely available online.
SPM8 released
April 2009: SPM8 is a major update to the SPM software, containing substantial theoretical, algorithmic, structural and interface enhancements over previous versions (more info).
New Book: Statistical Parametric Mapping: The
Analysis of Functional Brain Images
November 2006: This book provides the background and methodology for the analysis of all types of brain imaging data, from functional magnetic resonance imaging to magnetoencephalography (more info).
The SPM approach in brief
The Statistical Parametric Mapping approach is voxel based:
∙Images are realigned, spatially normalised into a standard space, and smoothed.
∙Parametric statistical models are assumed at each voxel, using the General Linear Model GLM to describe the data in terms of experimental and confounding effects, and residual variability.
∙For fMRI the GLM is used in combination with a temporal convolution model.
∙Classical statistical inference is used to test hypotheses that are expressed in terms of GLM parameters. This uses an image whose voxel values are statistics, a Statistic Image, or Statistical Parametric Map (SPM{t}, SPM{Z}, SPM{F})
∙For such classical inferences, the multiple comparisons problem is addressed using continuous random field theory RFT, assuming the statistic image to be a good lattice representation of an underlying continuous stationary random field. This results in inference based on corrected p-values.
∙Bayesian inference can be used in place of classical inference resulting in Posterior Probability Maps PPM s.
For fMRI, analyses of effective connectivity can be implemented using Dynamic Causal Modelling DCM.
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T Software
Introduction
SPM is made freely available to the [neuro]imaging community, to promote collaboration and a common analysis scheme across laboratories. The software represents the implementation of the theoretical concepts of Statistical Parametric Mapping in a complete analysis package.
The SPM software is a suite of MATLAB (The MathWorks, Inc) functions and subroutines with some externally compiled C routines.SPM was written to organise and interpret our functional neuroimaging data. The distributed version is the same as that we use ourselves.
Licence
SPM is free but copyright software, distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public Licence as published by the Free Software Foundation (either version 2, as given in file spm_LICENCE.man, or at your option, any later version). Further details on "copyleft" can be found at /copyleft/. In particular, SPM is supplied as is. No formal support or maintenance is provided or implied.
Beta version: SPM12b
A beta version of SPM12, SPM12b, was released 21st December 2012 and is available for beta-testing. Please assist us by reporting bugs to <fil.spm@>.
Current version: SPM8
The current version is SPM8and was released in
April 2009. This provides a major update to the
SPMsoftware, containing substantial theoretical,
algorithmic, structural and interface enhancements
over previous versions.
SPM8 uses the NIfTI-1 file format.
Previous versions
We still provide access to previous versions of SPM, but recommend you use the current version wherever possible.
SPM5
SPM5 was released in December 2005.
SPM2
SPM2 was released in 2003.
SPM99
SPM99
was released in January 2000.
SPM96 and earlier versions are no longer available.
NITRC
SPM is listed in the Neuroimaging Informatics Tools and
Resources Clearinghouse (NITRC ). See /projects/spm/. Funded by the National
Institutes of Health Blueprint for Neuroscience Research,
NITRC facilitates finding and comparing neuroimaging
resources for fMRI and related structural analyses.
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Copyright © 1991,1994-2014 FIL
The FIL Methods group <fil.spm@ >
he FIL Methods group <fil.spm@ > Documentation Introduction
SPM is an academic software toolkit for the analysis of functional imaging data, for users familiar with the underlying statistical, mathematical and image processing concepts. It is essential to understand these underlying concepts in order to use the software effectively. A good starting point is the Introduction to SPM, by Karl Friston.
Peer reviewed literature
The primary reference for the theories underlying SPM are the academic papers in the peer reviewed literature. These are available via the Online Bibliography which organises books, papers and technical reports by year, category, author and keyword. An Annotated Bibliography provides a guide to the various papers.
Books
The book Statistical Parametric Mapping: The Analysis of
Functional Brain Images (2007) provides the background
and methodology for the analysis of all types of brain
imaging data, from functional magnetic resonance
imaging to magnetoencephalography. Critically,
"Statistical Parametric Mapping"provides a widely
accepted conceptual framework which allows treatment
of all these different modalities. The book takes the
reader from the basic concepts underlying the analysis of
neuroimaging data to cutting edge approaches that
would be difficult to find in any other source. The material
is presented in an incremental way so that the reader can
understand the precedents for each new development.
This book will be particularly useful to neuroscientists
engaged in any form of brain mapping; who have to
contend with the real-world problems of data analysis
and understanding the techniques they are using. It is
primarily a scientific treatment and a didactic introduction
to the analysis of brain imaging data. It can be used as
both a textbook for students and scientists starting to use
the techniques, as well as a reference for practicing
neuroscientists.
The book can be ordered online via Elsevier or, e.g., Amazon.
Introductory articles are also provided in the earlier book Human Brain Function. PDFs of draft versions of book chapters are available online: ∙First Edition(1997)
∙Second Edition(2003)
Manual
There is an SPM8 manual distributed with the software (spm8/man/manual.pdf), which is written by the developers. Much of the manual's contents are also available via the SPM8 user-interface.
The release notes accompanying SPM8 contain some useful information.
The SPM5 distribution also contains a manual in (spm5/man/manual.pdf). There is no manual for SPM2, but the SPM99 manual is roughly applicable. Methods for Dummies
Each year our department runs a series of methods talks by non-experts. Powerpoint versions are available for 2003, organised by Alexa Morcom, 2004, organised by Lucy Lee, 2005, orgainsed by Julia Hocking, 2006, organised by Davina Bristow and Marcus Gray,2007, organised by Justin Chumbley and Hanneke den Ouden,2008 organised by Maria Joao, Hanneke den Ouden and Justin Chumbley,2009organised by Antoinette Nicolle and Maria Joao,2010 organised by Christian Lambert, Suz Prejawa and Maria Joao, and 2011 organised by Rumana Chowdhury, Peter Smittenaar and Suz Prejawa. This years meetings are organised by Mona Gavert, Peter Smittenaar and Giles Story.
Third party documentation
There is a SPM WikiBook, which is written and maintained by the international SPM community. The wiki allows users to read and edit the content for free. The end results will be mature, up-to-date and broad repositories for information on SPM. Please do take a look at the SPM wiki and feel free to contribute to it if you can.
SPM WikiBooks
/wiki/SPM
Beginners guides & overviews of SPM :
Cambridge Imaging Home Page (MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit) /imaging
History
The SPM suite and associated theory was originally developed by Karl Friston for the routine statistical analysis of functional neuroimaging data from Positron Emission Tomography (PET), while at the Medical Research Council Cyclotron Unit. Now known as SPM classic, this software was made available to the emerging functional imaging community in 1991, to promote collaboration and a common analysis scheme across laboratories.
SPM'94 was the first major revision of the SPM software. SPM'94 was written primarily by Karl Friston during the summer of 1994, with invaluable conceptual and technical help from John Ashburner, Jon Heather, Andrew Holmes and Jean-Baptiste Poline. SPM'95, SPM'96, SPM'99, SPM2, SPM5 and SPM8are based on SPM'94, and represent the ongoing theoretical advances and technical improvements.
Tell me more about SPM history.
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The FIL Methods group <fil.spm@>
SPM Courses
London, May & October 2014
The FIL SPM course on using Statistical Parametric Mapping for neuroimaging is held each May and October as part of the Institute of Neurology's short course programme.
Since 2010, we provide two separate SPM courses reflecting the different imaging modalities. There is a new three-day course on SPM for EEG/MEG followed by the long-established three-day course on SPM for fMRI/VBM/PET. Both courses are suitable for beginners and more advanced users. We advise students to gain at least some minimal familiarity with the methodology, for example, from reading introductory articles available from the SPM web page
or by following data analysis examples in the SPM manual.
The next SPM courses in London will take place on 12-14 May 2014 (MEG/EEG) and 15-17 May 2014 (MRI/VBM/fMRI).
The courses are organised through the Institute of Neurology(contact: Miss Jean Reynolds at the IoN to register).
Externally organised SPM courses
Other SPM courses are organised around the world at different times of year and in different languages. If you do organise one, please let us know so that it can be listed here.
Lausanne SPM Course, Switzerland, 22-25 April 2014
This 6th edition of the Lausanne SPM course will focus on how to conduct neuroimaging studies using structural and functional MRI data within the framework of Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM). This 4 days course is divided into two modules with theoretical and practical sessions covering all aspects of imaging data analysis from spatial pre-processing to statistical inference and reporting results. The course is suitable both for beginners and for those with previous experience of SPM.
http://www3.unil.ch/wpmu/lren-spm/
Zurich SPM course, Switzerland, 2015
This three-day course, which is held annually since 2007, offers a comprehensive coverage of all MRI-related aspects of SPM.
/spm-course-2014/
Course material for 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
Hannover SPM course, Germany, 3-4 November 2014
The 7th SPM workshop for Beginners in Hannover, Germany, will be held on November 03. and 04. 2014. (teaching language: german)
More information and program:
http://www.spmworkshop-hannover.de/
SPM Workshops at the Martinos Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA: /martinos/training/fMRI-Extension/SPM8.php
MRN fMRI Image Acquisition and Analyses Course, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA:
/courses/
Slides of previous courses
The latest course material are from 2013 (fMRI/VBM) and 2013 (MEEG).
Archive:2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2005 (USA), 2006, 2007, 2008 (May), 2008 (October), 2009 (May), 2009 (October), 2009 (MEEG), 2010 (fMRI), 2010 (MEEG), 2010 (Vancouver), 2010 (October), 2011 (Brussels)May 2011 (fMRI), May 2011 (MEEG), Oct 2011 (fMRI), 2012 (MEEG, Lyon), May 2012 (fMRI/VBM), 2012 (MEEG), Oct 2012 (fMRI/VBM), May 2013 (fMRI/VBM).
These can be viewed using the Microsoft PowerPoint Viewer for Windows or the multi-platform Open Office.
Recordings
Online videos are now available, recorded at the May 2011 SPM for fMRI/PET/VBM course and at the May 2012 SPM for MEG/EEG course. Higher quality versions of the videos can be obtained on a DVD available for purchase.
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Discussion List
Introduction
The SPM discussion list is an electronic mailing list for discussion and help with the methodology, implementation and use of Statistical Parametric Mapping and the SPM package. The list is not moderated, but is monitored
and owned by members of the Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging. Much of the approach and use of SPM is described in the documentation. Subscribers are urged to consult these sources, and any local expertise, before using the discussion list as a helpline. A response from one of the SPM authors cannot be guaranteed, due to resource limitations. Experienced list members are therefore encouraged to address issues within their experience, posting their responses & discussion to the list for general enlightenment.
Searching archives
∙Archives of SPM messages.
∙Search SPMarchives.
Subscription
The list is run at the UK's automated JISCmail service.
To subscribe or unsubscribe to the SPM list:
Enter your details at /cgi-bin/webadmin?SUBED1=spm&A=1
To send a message to all the people currently subscribed to the SPM list: Just send a mail to <spm@> after subscription.
If you have difficulties, then have a look to the frequently asked questions about JISCmail or email the list owner at <fil.spm@>, for assistance. Last modified $Date: 2013/01/22 11:55:31 $ by $Author: spm $
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Data sets and tutorials
Introduction
The following data sets are being made available for training and personal education and evaluation purposes. Those wishing to use these data for other purposes, including illustrations or evaluations of methods, should contact the Methods group at the Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging.
A set of instructions showing how SPM can be used to analyse each data set are also provided. These tutorials show how one can use SPM to implement analyses of PET data, epoch or event-related fMRI data, and data from a group of subjects using Random effects analyses (RFX). They also cover more advanced topics such as Psychophysiological Interactions (PPI s) and Dynamic Causal Modelling (DCM).
fMRI: epoch
The instructions accompanying these data sets show you how to implement a block-design fMRI analysis in SPM. They are both single-subject or 'first-level' analyses.
∙Auditory - single subject
∙Attention to Visual Motion - single subject
The instructions accompanying the Attention to Visual Motion data also show you how to use SPM to implement, for example, Psychophysiological Interactions (PPI s) and Dynamic Causal Modelling (DCM).
fMRI: event-related
The instructions accompanying these data sets show you how to use SPM to analyse data for an event-related fMRI experiment. This includes, for example, selection of different temporal basis sets. They are both single-subject or 'first-level' analyses.
∙Repetition priming
fMRI: multi-subject (random effects) analyses These data sets comprise contrast images from single-subject fMRI analyses or 'first-level' analyses from the repetition priming experiment described here.
In the summary statistic approach to Random Effects Analysis (RFX) these contrast images are then used in a 'second-level' analysis allowing you to make inferences about the population from which the subjects were drawn.
∙fMRI: multi-subject (random effects) analyses
fMRI: Bayesian comparison of DCMs
Dynamic Causal Models from an event related fMRI study of the language system are available here
∙fMRI: Bayesian comparison of DCMs
EEG Single Subject Mismatch Negativity dataset
This is an 128-channel EEG single subject example data set which is used for demonstrating the usage of scripts in M/EEG pre-processing and DCM for evoked responses.
Anaesthesia Depth in Rodent Data
This 2-channel Local Field Potential (LFPs) dataset demonstrates the use of DCM for Cross Spectral Densities.
Multi-modal faces
This archive contains EEG, MEG and fMRI data on the same subject within the same paradigm.
It can be used to examine how various measures of face perception, such as the "N170" ERP (EEG), the "M170" ERF (MEG) and fusiform activation (fMRI), are related. For example, the localisation of the generator(s) of the N170 and/or M170 can be constrained by the fMRI activations.
It also includes a high resolution anatomical MRI image (aMRI) for construction of a head-model for the EEG and MEG data, together with data from a Polhemus digitizer that can be used to coregister the EEG and MEG data with the aMRI.
FieldMap
Here are two example data sets that can be used to demonstrate the usage of the FieldMap toolbox.
PET
The instructions accompanying these data sets show you how to use SPM to analyse PET data.
∙Verbal fluency - multiple subjects
∙Motor activation - single subject
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The FIL Methods group <fil.spm@>
SPM Extensions
Introduction
Many SPM users have created tools for neuroimaging analyses that are based on SPM. You will find here a list of these tools classified between Toolboxes, Utilities, Batch Systems and Templates. The distinction between Toolboxes and Utilities can be blurry, but for the purposes of this page we define a toolbox to be a utility that can be completely operated via a graphical user interface.
If you notice inaccuracies or out of date links, please email the SPM manager. Likewise, to have your SPM extension linked here, send an email including a URL, a contact email, and a brief summary (please note if any MATLAB
toolboxes are required, or if it is platform-specific).
The SPM Developers take no responsibility for the usability of the extensions listed here. In particular, some extensions may be mutually incompatible. Please contact the respective extension authors with questions and problems (though CC'ing answered questions to the Email list will be appreciated).
Extensions compatible with SPM8, SPM5, SPM2, SPM99.
The list of SPM extensions is also available as an RSS feed.
Note: All email addresses in this page have their "@" replaced with "_at_" to minimize spam. Please reverse this change before emailing.
Quick Links
Toolboxes:
AQuA | AAL | ACID | ALVIN | ArtRepair | AMAT | AnalyzeMovie | Anatomy | aslm | ASLtbx | at4fmri | aws4SPM | BrainNetViewer | BredeQuery | CCAfMRI | CLASS| Clinical| Complexity| conn| CPCA| DAiSS| DICOMCD_Import| Diffusion_II | Distance | DPARSF | DRIFTER | EMS | ExtractVals | FASL | FAST | FDR | FieldMap | fieldmap_undistort | FieldTrip | fMRIPower | fOSA | Grocer | HRF | HV | IBASPM | iBrainAT | iBrainLT | INRIAlign | IBZM_tool | ISAS | LI | LogTransform | MARINA | MarsBar | MASCOI | mfBox | Masking | Masks | MM | multifocal | NIRS-SPM | NS | Ortho | PSPM | REST | rfxplot | RobustWLS | SCRalyze| SDM| SimpleROIBuilder| SnPM| spm_wavelet| SPMd| SPMMouse| SSM| SUIT| SurfRend| TOM| UF2C| Unwarp2| Volumes| WBM | WSPM | WFU_PickAtlas | xjView | XMLTools
Utilities:
AveLI| BrainMagix| Bruker2Analyze| CBMG-Tools| Design_Magic| dicom2nifti| DynPET| Easy_ROI| Easy_Volumes| FDRill| Fluctuation| fToolbelt| FAD| GA| GE2SPM| GIFT| JG| L2S| log_roi_batch| LMGS| Motion| mri_toolbox| MSU| Orth1| PCT| pvconv| r2agui| SEM| slice_overlay | TSDiffAna | TSU | iTT | VBMtools | VIS | visionToSPM | VoiTool Batch Utilities:
aa| AutoSPET| BatchAAL| KULscripts| parallelize_matlabbatch| spm_segment | spm2-batch | spm2batch | spm2Batch | spmbatch | spmjob | X_batch | zephyr
Templates:
Baboon| BrainDev_Atlas| Cerebellum| CCHMC_Pediatric| Macaca_Fascicularis| Macaca_Fascicularis_PET| Macaca_Mulatta| Macaca_Nemestrina | Rat | SPMtemplates | UNC_Pediatric | Zebra_Finch
Toolboxes
AQuA SPM5
Summary: AQuA is a tool that helps you in the assessment process for the quality of the acquired fMRI data, identifying images with movement and other artefacts, so that they do not compromise the experimental analysis. Author: Antonios Antoniou and Juan J. Lull
URL: http://www.ibime.upv.es/mi/
AAL - Anatomical Automatic Labeling SPM99 SPM2 SPM5 SPM8
Summary: Automated parcellation method, as described in Tzourio-Mazoyer et al. NI 2002.
Author: Cyceron
URL: rs.fr/spip.php?article217
ACID - Artefact correction in diffusion MRI SPM8 Summary: The Artefact correction in diffusion MRI (ACID) toolbox is an academic software toolkit for pre-processing of diffusion MRI data, estimation of DTI indices and normalisation of DTI index maps, which fully integrates into the batch system of SPM8.
Author: Siawoosh Mohammadi
URL: /
ALVIN - Automatic Lateral Ventricle delIneatioN
SPM8
Summary: Segmentation of the lateral ventricles validated in infants, adults and patients with Alzheimer's disease. Works with both T1 and T2 images. Author: Matthew Kempton
URL: /site/mrilateralventricle/
ArtRepair - Artifact Repair toolbox SPM2 SPM5 SPM8
Summary: Special methods to improve the fMRI analysis of high motion pediatric and clinical subjects. The methods correct for large motions, and automatically detect and remove artifact noise in the data. Viewing tools allow quality checking at every step in the analysis.
Author: Paul Mazaika
URL:
/tools/human-brain-project/artrepair-software.html AMAT: A meta-analysis toolbox SPM2
Summary: AMAT is a matlab program which lets you search through the coordinates reported in lots of fMRI papers. It is designed to answer the frequently asked question: what the *?%! does that bit do?
Author: Antonia Hamilton
URL: /amat.html
AnalyzeMovie - AVI movies from Analyze images SPM99
Summary: Create AVI movies from Analyze images, of axial, coronal, sagittal or ortho slices. Requires Matlab6 or greater.
Author: Robert Welsh
URL: /ni-stat/AnalyzeMovie.tar
Anatomy - SPM Anatomy toolbox SPM99 SPM2 SPM5 SPM8
Summary: This toolbox integrates probabilistic cytoarchitectonic maps derived from human post-mortem studies into the SPM environment and provides a wide range of different approaches to analyse structure / function correlations.
Author: Simon Eickhoff
URL:
http://www.fz-juelich.de/inm/inm-1/DE/Forschung/_docs/SPMAnatomyToolbox /SPMAnatomyToolbox_node.html
aslm - a slightly modified asl-module SPM8 Summary: aslm is an object orientated toolbox for common tasks associated with the analysis of arterial spin labeling (ASL) and other MRI data.
Author: Philipp Homan
URL:
ASLtbx SPM2 SPM5 SPM8
Summary: ASLtbx is a Matlab and SPM based toolkit for processing arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion MRI data. It's basically a collection of a bunch of batch scripts. I'm currently only distributing the SPM5-based version, but the SPM2(or 8)-based version can be obtained through email. The function for quantifying cerebral blood flow should be SPM independent except the image reading and writing functions from SPM.
Author: Ze Wang
URL: /~zewang/ASLtbx.php
at4fmri - adaptive thresholding of fMRI maps SPM8 Summary: Allow to obtain a threshold for cluster FDR - the method fits a Gamma-Gaussian mixture model to the SPM-T and finds the optimal threshold
(crossing between noise and activation). Optionally write the thresholded maps.
Author: Chris Filo Gorgolewski and Cyril Pernet
URL: /projects/at-4-fmri/
aws4SPM SPM2 SPM5 SPM8
Summary: Structural adaptive smoothing fMRI data as described in Tabelow et al. NI (2006).
Author: Devy Hoffmann and Karsten Tabelow
URL: http://www.wias-berlin.de/software/aws4SPM/
BrainNet Viewer
Summary: BrainNet Viewer is a brain network visualization tool, which can help researchers to visualize structural and functional connectivity patterns from different levels in a quick, easy, and flexible way.
Author: Mingrui Xia
URL: /projects/bnv/
BredeQuery SPM5
Summary: BredeQuery plugin for SPM5 - enables coordinate-based meta-analytic search of related literature for brain regions directly from SPM5 environment. The coordinate-based search is performed using Finn Aarup Nielsen's Brede Database. Works with coordinates in Talairach and MNI space, MNI-to-Talairach transformations are available (Brett and Lancaster transformations). Moreover, query results can be exported automatically to the suitable bibliographic file format (BibTeX, Reference Manager, RefWorks, EndNote).
Author: Bartlomiej Wilkowski
URL: http://neuro.imm.dtu.dk/wiki/BredeQuery
CCA-fMRI SPM2 SPM5
Summary: The CCA-fMRI utilizes canonical correlation analysis in combination with the Balloon model and adaptive filtering of fMRI data to detect areas of brain activation. The CCA-fMRI toolbox provides its own user interface and can also be used as stand alone scripts, e.g. for batch processing.
Author: Magnus Borga
URL: /
CLASS - Classifier Learning for Asymmetrically Small Samples SPM8
Summary: Multivariate kernel-based pattern classification using support vector machines (SVM) with a novel modification to obtain more balanced sensitivity and specificity on unbalanced data-sets (i.e. those with very different numbers of cases in each group).
Author: Ged Ridgway
URL: Contact email above
Clinical Toolbox SPM8
Summary: Aids normalization of clinical scans, providing an easy way to include lesion cost function masking. Allows unified segmentation-normalization (USN) or traditional normalization. Includes custom age adjusted templates for CT/CAT scans and USN. Includes FLAIR template provided by the Glahn group.
Author: Rorden, Bonilha, Fridriksson, Bender and Karnath
URL: /CRNL/clinical-toolbox Complexity SPM8
Summary: Complexity is a toolkit used to analyze the complexity of resting state fMRI (rs-fMRI) data. Pre-processing module is included to realize low pass filtering and linear detrending. Five methods, Approximate Entropy, Sample Entropy, Cross Approximate Entropy, Multiscale Sample Entropy and Wavelet MSE, are available to calculate the entropy. Matlab toolbox, "Tools for NIfTI and ANALYZE image", is needed.。