西方经济学字母含义大全

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西方经济学字母含义大全
西方经济学是一门研究西方社会经济活动的学科,包含了很多经济学术语和字母符号。

下面是西方经济学中常用的字母含义大全,希望能帮助大家更好地理解和学习经济学知识。

A
- AD: Aggregate Demand(总需求)
- AR: Average Revenue(平均收益)
- AS: Aggregate Supply(总供给)
- AVC: Average Variable Cost(平均可变成本)
- APL: Average Physical Product(平均生产物)
- APR: Annual Percentage Rate(年利率)
- ADR: American Depositary Receipt(美国存托凭证)
B
- BRICS: Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa(金砖五国)
- B2B: Business-to-Business(企业对企业)
- B2C: Business-to-Consumer(企业对消费者)
- BOP: Balance of Payments(国际收支平衡)
- BOE: Bank of England(英格兰银行)
- BLS: Bureau of Labor Statistics(劳工统计局)
- BPM: Business Process Management(业务流程管理)
C
- CPI: Consumer Price Index(消费者物价指数)
- CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate(年复合增长率)
- CEO: Chief Executive Officer(首席执行官)
- CFO: Chief Financial Officer(首席财务官)
- CMO: Chief Marketing Officer(首席营销官)
- CDO: Collateralized Debt Obligation(抵押贷款债务证券化)- CSR: Corporate Social Responsibility(企业社会责任)
D
- DSGE: Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium(动态随机
一般均衡)
- DM: Developed Market(发达市场)
- DC: Developing Country(发展中国家)
- DCF: Discounted Cash Flow(现金流折现)
- DSO: Days Sales Outstanding(应收账款周转天数)
- DOL: Degree of Operating Leverage(经营杠杆度)
E
- GDP: Gross Domestic Product(国内生产总值)
- GNP: Gross National Product(国民总生产值)
- CPI: Consumer Price Index(消费者物价指数)
- PPI: Producer Price Index(生产者物价指数)
- CPI-U: Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers(城
市居民消费者物价指数)
- COGS: Cost of Goods Sold(销货成本)
- ECOFIN: Economic and Financial Affairs Council(经济金
融事务理事会)
- EC: European Commission(欧洲委员会)
F
- FDI: Foreign Direct Investment(外国直接投资)
- FOMC: Federal Open Market Committee(联邦公开市场委员会)- FX: Foreign Exchange(外汇)
- FRB: Federal Reserve Bank(美联储)
- FDI: Flexible Manufacturing System(柔性制造系统)
- FIFO: First In, First Out(先进先出)
- FOB: Free On Board(离岸价)
G
- GDP: Gross Domestic Product(国内生产总值)
- GNP: Gross National Product(国民总生产值)
- GATT: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade(关税和贸易总协定)
- GL: General Ledger(总分类帐)
- GAAP: Generally Accepted Accounting Principles(通用会计准则)
- GFC: Global Financial Crisis(全球金融危机)
H
- HDI: Human Development Index(人类发展指数)
- HICP: Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices(消费者物价调和指数)
- HNP: Human Capital(人力资本)
- HRM: Human Resource Management(人力资源管理)
- HRT: Human Resource Technology(人力资源技术)
- HML: High, Medium, and Low(高、中、低)
I
- IPO: Initial Public Offering(首次公开募股)
- IRR: Internal Rate of Return(内部收益率)
- IMF: International Monetary Fund(国际货币基金组织)
- ILO: International Labor Organization(国际劳工组织)- ICT: Information and Communications Technology(信息和通信技术)
- IAC: Import Adjustment Cost(进口调整成本)
J
- JIT: Just-in-Time(及时生产)
- J-curve: J形曲线
- JPY: Japanese Yen(日元)
K
- KPI: Key Performance Indicator(关键绩效指标)
- KAM: Key Account Management(重点客户管理)
- KPI: Knowledge Process Outsourcing(知识流程外包)
L
- LDC: Less Developed Country(欠发达国家)
- LSE: London Stock Exchange(伦敦证券交易所)
- LTV: Loan-to-Value Ratio(贷款价值比率)
- LIBOR: London Interbank Offered Rate(伦敦银行同业拆借利率)
- LLC: Limited Liability Company(有限责任公司)
- LIFO: Last In, First Out(后进先出)
- LAB: Labor(劳动)
- LWP: Lost Workday Producer Rate(失业产能率)
- LME: London Metal Exchange(伦敦金属交易所)
M
- MNC: Multi-National Corporation(跨国公司)
- MOU: Memorandum of Understanding(谅解备忘录)
- MBS: Mortgage-Backed Securities(抵押支持证券)
- MNC: Multi-National Corporation(跨国公司)
- M2: Money Supply M2(货币供应量M2)
- MRP: Material Requirements Planning(物料需求计划)
- MACD: Moving Average Convergence Divergence(移动平均线收敛背离指标)
N
- NGO: Non-Governmental Organization(非政府组织)
- NAFTA: North American Free Trade Agreement(北美自由贸易协定)
- NBER: National Bureau of Economic Research(美国国家经济研究局)
- NPL: Non-Performing Loan(不良贷款)
- NCND: Non-Circumvention Non-Disclosure(不规避不泄露)O
- OTC: Over-The-Counter(柜台交易)
- OPEC: Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (石油输出国组织)
- OECD: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(经济合作与发展组织)
- OEE: Overall Equipment Efficiency(设备整体效能)
- ROI: Return on Investment(投资回报率)
P
- PPP: Purchasing Power Parity(购买力平价)
- PE: Private Equity(私募股权)
- PR: Public Relations(公关)
- P/E Ratio: Price-to-Earnings Ratio(市盈率)
- P/E: Price-to-Earnings Ratio(市盈率)
- PAT: Profit-After-Tax(税后利润)
- PPI: Producer Price Index(生产者物价指数)
- PTA: Preferential Trade Agreement(优惠贸易协定)Q
- QoQ: Quarter-on-Quarter(季度同比)
- QE: Quantitative Easing(量化宽松政策)
- QS: Quantity Surveyor(造价师)
R
- RF: Risk-Free(无风险)
- R&D: Research and Development(研发)
- ROA: Return on Assets(总资产回报率)
- ROS: Return on Sales(销售利润率)
- ROE: Return on Equity(股权回报率)
- ROIC: Return on Invested Capital(投资资本回报率)
S
- SME: Small and Medium-sized Enterprise(中小型企业)
- SWOT: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats(优势、劣势、机会、威胁)
- S&P: Standard & Poor's(标准普尔)
- SEC: Securities and Exchange Commission(美国证券交易委员会)
- SME: Small and Medium-sized Enterprise(中小型企业)
- SARS: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(严重急性呼吸综合征)
- SAP: Systems, Applications, and Products(系统、应用和产品)
- SWAT: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats(优势、劣势、机会、威胁)
T
- TFP: Total Factor Productivity(全要素生产率)
- TQM: Total Quality Management(全面质量管理)
- TCO: Total Cost of Ownership(总拥有成本)
- TNC: Transnational Corporation(跨国公司)
- TCR: Transaction-Related Cost(交易相关成本)
- TES: Technical Efficiency Score(技术效率评分)
- TBC: Total Benefit-Cost Ratio(总效益成本比率)
U
- USA: United States of America(美利坚合众国)
- U.K.: United Kingdom(英国)
- USP: Unique Selling Proposition(独特卖点)
- USB: Universal Serial Bus(通用串行总线)
- UCP: Uniform Customs and Practice(统一海关批次)
- UCC: Uniform Commercial Code(统一商法典)
V
- VAT: Value Added Tax(增值税)
- VBM: Value-Based Management(价值导向管理)
- VEB: Virtual Enterprise Bank(虚拟企业银行)
W
- WTO: World Trade Organization(世界贸易组织)
- WIPO: World Intellectual Property Organization(世界知识产权组织)
- WBA: World Bank Group(世界银行集团)
- WACC: Weighted Average Cost of Capital(加权平均资本成本)
- WIP: Work-in-Progress(在制品)
- WYSIWYG: What You See Is What You Get(所见即所得)
X
- X-M: Exports minus Imports(净出口)
Y
- YOY: Year-on-Year(同比)
- YMCA: Young Men's Christian Association(青年基督教会)Z
- ZBB: Zero-Based Budgeting(零基预算)
- ZLB: Zero Lower Bound(零下限)
以上是西方经济学中常用字母的含义,希望能帮助大家更好地理解和学习西方经济学知识。

当然,经济学的内容非常丰富多样,字母符号只是其中一部分,希望大家能够持续学习,并进一步加深对经济学的理解。

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