Unit 1-Land, People and History(NZ)

Unit 1 Land, People and History (New Zealand)
Teaching aim: Enable students to have a good knowledge of a comprehensive survey of society and culture in New Zealand
Teaching important points:
(1) What are some of the distinct features of New Zealand’s ge ography?
(2) What are the structural components of New Zealand’s population?
(3) The Maori culture in New Zealand.
(4) How did the New Zealand evolve to what it is today?
Teaching methods: Teaching methods include lecturing and classroom discussions.
Teaching times: 2 periods
Teaching procedures:
<Step One>Lead-in
First, greeting the whole class
Second, I will say: “New Zealand is a country of rare beauty: glacial mountains, fast-flowing rivers, deep, clear lakes, hissing geysers and boiling mud. There are also abundant native forests, long, deserted beaches and a variety of wild animals, such as the kiwi, the national symbol. Any number of vigorous outdoor activities - hiking, skiing, rafting and, of course, that perennial favorite, bungee jumping, await the adventurous. You can swim with dolphins, gambol with newborn lambs, whale-watch at sea or go fishing for trout in pristine streams and rivers. With its primeval forests, mighty snowcapped peaks, gigantic fjords and grumbling volcanoes, it's no wonder the makers of The Lord of the Rings films decided to shoot the trilogy in New Zealand.”<Step Two>Fast reading
First, go over the focal points before reading the text.
Second, read the text and try to grasp the general idea.
<Step Three>Careful reading
Read it again and try to list the structure of it.
1. The structural components of New Zealand’s population:
(1) Around 80% of New Zealanders identify with European ethnic groups
(2) The next largest population group is Maori
(1) People from the Pacific Islands
2. about Auckland: （最大的城市，新西兰人口最多的地区）
(1) Auckland, where several cities combine to form the nation’s largest urban area, is home to more than a quarter of the population.
(2) People from the Pacific Islands have settled in Auckland, making it the world’s largest Polynesian city.
3. Both immigrants and refugees have been welcomed into New Zealand society and contributed their different ethnic and cultural values to the New Zealand way of life.
4. The official languages: English and Maori.
5. Religion: Christianity is the most common religion.
6. New Zealand was the first country in the world to give women the right to vote.
7. New Zealand’s standard of living is relatively high.
Maoritanga：（毛利人文化和风俗习惯）
1. Maoritanga means “Maori culture”.
2. There are many legends about Maui.
3. The urban Maori have established multi-tribal meeting places or marae, which enable them to continue their maoritanga, and to ensure the culture and traditions continue to be passed from generation to generation.
4. The best known internationally of all Maori traditions is the haka, a dance often performed to terrify the enemy and to prepare warriors for battle.
5. The Treaty of Waitangi was an instrument designed to bring law and order to the trading settlements and to protect Maori rights in dealings with the settlers.
The Waitangi Tribunal was established in 1975.
6. 1995 was New Zealand’s national Maori Language Year.
A Maori Language Commission has been established to encourage its use.
History:
1. New Zealand was settled over 1000 years ago by voyagers from East Polynesia.
2. Englishman James Cook visited in 1769, he sailed around the whole coast and made a fairly accurate map.
3. In 1840, over 500 chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi, retaining ownership of natural resources but giving up the right to govern to the British Crown.
4. New Zealand was declared nuclear-free. Free-market policies opened up the economy, and the role of government was reformed.
5. From its settlement 1000 years ago, New Zealand today is a unique blend of South Pacific and European cultures with a national identity of its own.
Explanations:
1. Auckland: 新西兰最大的港口城市，在19世纪中期曾为新西兰的首都。

2. the Marlborough Sounds: 马尔巴勒海湾，位于南岛北端，有成千个沉到海底的山谷组成。

Sound 在这里是“海湾”的意思。

3. All Balcks 是新西兰国家橄榄球队名，橄榄球是新西兰主要运动项目之一，新西兰国家橄榄球队一直是世界强队。

<Step Four>Summary and Homework
Review the important points on the blackboard and finish the relevant exercises. Then preview Unit 2.
补充内容：
为什么数字13在西方不吉利?
很多人都知道，在西方国家13是个不吉利的数字。

有很多楼层、门牌号都会直接跳过13，12之后直接是14，或是用12A代替13。

那么，为什么13是个不吉利的数字呢？原因有很多种：
1.最后的晚餐中的13门徒
Some Christian traditions have it that at the Last Supper, Judas, the disciple who betrayed Jesus, was the 13th to sit at the table.
传说耶稣遇难前和弟子们共进了一次晚餐。

参加晚餐的第13个人是耶稣的弟子犹大。

就是这个犹大为了30块银元，把耶稣出卖给犹太教当局，致使耶稣受尽折磨。

而且参加最后晚餐的是13个人，晚餐的日期恰逢13日，“13”给耶稣带来苦难和不幸。

从此，“13”被认为是不幸的象征，也成为背叛和出卖的同义词。

2. 北欧火神洛基的传说
Triskaidekaphobia may have also affected the Vikings-it is believed that Loki in the Norse pantheon was the 13th god. More specifically, Loki was believed to have engineered the murder of Balder, and was the 13th guest to arrive at the funeral. This is perhaps related to the superstition that if thirteen people gather, one of them will die in the following year.
在北欧神话中，火神洛基(Loki)是诸神中的第13位，他本身邪恶而狡诈。

他欺骗并唆使黑暗盲神Hoder害死了自己的兄弟、光明之神 Balder，又成为葬礼上的第13位吊唁者。

此后西方就有迷信：如果葬礼中有13个人出席，那么其中一人会在第二年死去。

这也是“恐数字13症”的一种由来。

3. 波斯黄道十二宫的传说
Ancient Persians believed the twelve constellations in the Zodiac controlled the months of the year, and each ruled the earth for a thousand years at the end of which the sky and earth collapsed in chaos. Therefore, the thirteenth is identified with chaos and the reason Persians leave their houses to avoid bad luck on the thirteenth day of the Persian Calendar, a tradition called Sizdah Bedar.
古代的波斯人相信天空中的黄道十二星座掌控着一年的十二个月，而每个星座会统治地球一千年。

等到十二个轮回结束，天空和大地就会崩塌。

因此，第十三就和混乱联系了起来。

波斯人在波斯历上的第十三天会外出、以避免厄运，这个传统被称为“Sizdah Bedar”，意思是“十三户外”。

However, the number 13 is not uniformly bad in the Judeo-Christian tradition. For example, the 13 attributes of God (also called the thirteen attributes of mercy) are enumerated in the Torah. Some modern Christian churches also use 13 attributes of God in sermons.
除此以外，不吉利的13还有很多传闻，包括汉莫拉比法典(code of Hummurabi)的第13条法规、十字军东征时的13圆桌骑士以及Friday the 13th（十三号星期五）等等。

不过，也不是所有基督教传统的国家都认为13是不吉利的，在某些基督教祭典中还有13信条的仪式。