高级英语2第三版 张汉熙 课后答案

Q A
LESSON 1 PUB TALK AND KING’S ENGLISH
Q B:
1.
2.
3.Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our idea or point of view．
4. In fact a person who really enjoys and is skilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his point of view．
5.
6.
7.The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong．
III:
1.No one knows how the conversation will go as it moves aimlessly and desultorily or as it becomes spirited and exciting.
2.It is not a matter of interest if they are cross or in a bad temper.
3.Bar friends, although they met each other frequently, did not delve into each other's lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.
4.Suddenly a miraculous change in the conversation took place.
5.The conversation suddenly became spirited and exciting.
6.We ought to think as the Saxon peasants did at that time.
7.The Elizabethan writers spread the English language far and wide.
8.I have always had an eager interest in dictionaries.
9.Otherwise one will tie up the conversation and will not let it go on freely.
10.We would never have talked about Australia, or the language barrier in the time of the Norman Conquest.
IV A:
1.on the rocks： metaphor，comparing a marriage to a ship wrecked on the rocks
2． get out of bed on the wrong side：be in a bad temper for the day (The meaning is perhaps derived from the expression “You got out of bed the wrong way”． It was an ancient superstition that it was unlucky to set the left foot on the ground first on getting out of bed．)
3．on wings：metaphor，comparing conversation to a bird flying and soaring． It means the conversation soon became spirited and exciting．4． turn up one’s nose at：scorn；show scorn for
5．into the shoes：metaphor(or more appropriately an idiomatic expression)， think as if one were wearing the shoes of the Saxon peasant，i． e． as if one were a Saxon peasant
6 .come into one’s own： receive what properly belongs to one，especially acclaim or recognition65
7．sit up at：(colloquial)become suddenly alert and take notice of
IV B:
1．ignorant指缺乏知识，可以是就整体而言(如 an ignorant man)，也可以是就某一具体方面或问题而言(如 ignorant of the reason of their quarrel对他们争吵的起因毫无所知)；illiterate意为缺乏文化修养，尤指读写能力的缺乏； uneducated指没有受到正规的、系统的学校教育；unlearned意为学问不富(未必无知)，既可指一无所长，又可指某一方面所知有限，如unlearned in science，意为对科学懂得有限，但对其他学科，如文学、哲学等，倒可能是很精通的。

2．scoff指对某事疑惑不信或缺乏尊敬而用无礼、轻蔑的言词或加以嘲笑；sneer 侧重于面部表情或语气中所含的轻蔑嘲笑之意：jeer侧重指用粗俗的、侮辱性的言词或粗鲁的嘲笑来表示轻侮；gibe通常指不带恶意的取笑或作弄人的笑骂；flout主要指以不理不睬或视而不见的态度表示出的轻侮蔑视。

IV C:
1．No one knows how the conversation will go as it moves aimlessly and desultorily or as it becomes spirited and exciting.
2. It is not a matter of interest if they are cross or in a bad temper.
3. Bar friends, although they met each other frequently, did not delve into each other's lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.
4. Suddenly a miraculous change in the conversation took place.
5. The conversation suddenly became spirited and exciting.
6.The Elizabethan writers spread the English language far and wide.
7. I have always had an eager interest in dictionaries.
8.
9.Otherwise one will tie up the conversation and will not let it go on freely.
10.We would never have talked about Australia, or the language barrier in the time of the Norman Conquest.
V A & V B:略
LESSON 2 MARRAKECH
Q B:
1.
2.
3.He manages to show that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery, first, through the appropriate use of words second, through the clever choice of the scenes he describes; third, through the tone in which he describes these scenes and finally, by contrasting the indignation at the cruel handling of the donkey with the unconcern towards the fate of the human beings.
4.
5.
6.Yes, it is. In this essay Orwell denounces the evils of colonialism or imperialism by mercilessly exposing the poverty, misery and degradation of the native people in the colonies.
7.Orwell is good at the appropriate use of simple but forceful words and the clever choice of the scenes he describes. His lucid style and fine attention to significant descriptive details efficiently conveyed to the readers the central idea "all colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact", the fact that the people are not considered or treated as human beings.
III:
1.The buring-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up.
2. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings).
3. They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name.
4. Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe,
a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making.
5. Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited.
6. Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a piece of luxury which they could not possibly afford.
7. However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable.
8. If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings.
9. No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas (for these trips 42V．Ⅵ．Ⅶ. would not be interesting)．
10．life is very hard for ninety percent of the people．With hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil．
11．She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community，that。

she was only fit for doing heavy work like an animal． 12．People with brown skins are almost invisible．
13．The Senegales soldiers were wearing ready—made khaki uniforms which hid their beautiful well—built bodies．
14．How much longer before they turn their guns around and attack us?。

15．Every white man，the onlookers，the officers on their horses and the white N．C．Os．marching with the black soldiers，had this thought hidden somewhere or other in his mind．
IV A：
1.
2.navvy：abbreviation of “navigator”，a British word meaning an unskilled laborer，as on canals，，roads，etc．
3.
4.warp：bend，curve，or twist out of shape
5.self-contained：self—sufficient；having within oneself or itself all that is necessary
6.
7.wretched：poor in quality，very inferior
8.mummified：thin and withered，looking like a mummy
9.
10.reach—me—down：(British colloquialism)second—hand or ready—made clothing
11.
12.charger：a horse ridden in battle or on parade
IV B:
IV C：
1、cry指因痛苦、忧伤或悲哀而发出悲切的声音，并伴以流泪。

weep更具体，强调流泪；sob指呜呜咽咽、一吸一顿地哭泣；
wail指无法抑制悲哀而拖长声调痛哭；
whimper 指像受惊的小孩一样声音压抑地、时断时续地哭；
moan 则指因悲伤或痛苦而低声地、拖长声调地哀叹。

2、flash指突发的、短暂而耀眼的闪光；
gleam指黑暗中闪现出的一束稳定的光线；
sparkle指星星点点的闪光；
glitter 指由物体反射出的星星点点的闪光；
glisten指外部亮光反射于沾水的平面上而显出的光亮；
shimmer指由微波荡漾的水面反照出的柔和的闪光。

IV D：
.1.After the British army had lost all its equipment at Dunkirk, there was only a single armored divison left to protect the home island.
2. Although the dry prairie land will drift away in dust storms, it is still being plowed for profitless wheat farming.
3. If the educational program is to succeed, it has to have more than mere financial support from the government.
4. They have wasted their natural resources, which they should have protected and conserved.
5. Soon other settlers were coming in over the first rough trail which the Caldwell family had opened.
6. The Smithsonian Institute is constantly working, with little or no publicity, for a better understanding of nature for man's benefit.
7. Queen Mary was easily shaken by passions--passions of love and of hatred and revenge.
8. For a few days I dreaded opening the door of his office.
9. Concealed by the fog of early dawn, I crawled out and made my way to the beach.
10. Leaving the door of the safe unlocked and taking the leather bag of coins, I walked down the street toward the bank.
V A:
略
V B:
"Life on the farm is an eternal battle against nature" is the topic sentence. This paragraph lacks unity. It is a bad piece of writing. The writer of this paragraph has completely forgotten what he had started out to say. Instead of being an "eternal battle", life in this paragraph be-comes a pleasant and exciting experience--which it probably is, but that is not what the writer set out to prove.
LESSON 3 INAUGURAL ADDRESS
Q B:
1.The rhetorical devices employed included： figures of speech，parallel and ballanced structures，repetition of important words and phrases，and antitheses．
2.
3.Yes，the address is well organized．Kennedy addressed his old friends first with sweetest words and then his foes with sharp words．The order is clear and appropriate．
4.In this highly rhetorical address，there are many examples to show that Kennedy is very particular and careful in his choice of and use of words as well as his choice of sentence patterns and structures. For example, in the sentence "To our sister republics south of our border, we offer a special pledge", the word "sister' is particularly chosen to connote equality and mutual good relations in his attempt to allay the traditional fears these countries have of their powerful big brother in the north. And in the sentence "Finally, to those nations who would make themselves our adversary, we offer not a pledge but a request", the phrase "would make them- selves our adversary" is again cleverly chosen to throw the blame for confrontation and world tension on the other party, It suggests that the United States has done nothing to create enemies. It is the other side that is challenging the U. S. , and the latter is forced to take the challenge although it really wants peace.
5.Nermedy carefully made his tone and message suited to the different groups he addresses. In his address there is proclaimed loyalty to old allies to sustain unity, assured help and support to minor friends to keep them closely tied to the U. S. , warning advice to newborns to make them over, and veiled threat, warning and! advice to the enemy camp to check ambitions on the part of the enemies.
6.Among the passages most likely to be quoted: may be "we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty", as this is not only a carefully thought out, well-ballanced sentence easy to remember and elegantly pleasant to read aloud, but also a sentence that best expresses the proud feelings of the Americans as the self-appointed leader of the "free democracies "Kennedy's call for Americans to "ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country" is also very often quoted because it represents the enterprising spirit of the Americans of which Kennedy is a best example.
7.Kennedy' s argument and persuasion is based mainly on e-motional appeal rather than facts. This type of speech would not be successful on all occasions. It can be successful only when the audience is already excited and does not have much time to think or when the audience is already
susceptible to the message of the speaker.
III:
1.Our ancestors fought a revolutionary war to maintain that all men were created equal and God had given them certain unalienable rights which no state or ruler could take away from them. But today this issue has not yet been decided in many countries around the world.
2. We promise to do This much and we promise to do more.
3. United and working together we can accomplish a lot of things in
a great number of joint undertakings.
4. The United Nations is our last and best hope of survival in an age where the instruments of war have far surpassed the instruments of peace.
5. We pledge to help the United Nations enlarge the area in which its authority and mandate would continue to be in effect or in force.
6. Before the terrible forces of destruction, which science can now release, overwhelm mankind; before this self-destruction, which may be planned or brought about by an accident, takes place
7. Yet both groups of nations are trying to change as quickly as possible this uncertain balance of terrible military power which restrains each group from launching mankind's final war.
8. So let us start once again (to discuss and negotiate)and let us remember that being polite is not a sign of weakness.
9.Let both sides try to call forth the wonderful things that science can do for mankind instead of the frightful things it can do.
10. Americans of every generation have been called upon to prove their loyalty to their country (by fighting and dying for their country's cause).
11.We will lead the country we love,knowing our sure reward will be
a good conscience,and history will finally judge whether we have done our task well or not.
IV A:
1、prescribe, set down or impose
2、mortal: of man (as a being who must eventually die)
3、disciplined, received training that developed self-control and character
4、undoing : abolishing
5、at odds: .in disagreement ; quarreling split asunder : split apart ; disunited
6、iron: cruel; merciless
7、 bounds: chains; fetters
8、invective: a violent verbal attack; strong criticism, insuits, curses, etc.
9、 writ : (archaic) a formal written document ; specifically, a legal
instrument in letter form issued under seal in the name of the English monarch from Anglo—Saxon times to declare its grants，wishes and commands(Here it refers to the United Nations Charter．) run：continue in effect or force
10、stays：restrains
11、tap：draw upon or make use of
12、bear：take on；sustain
IV B:
1．fatal可用来指一切已经造成死亡或者可能导致死亡的事物 (不能指人)，侧重于其不可避免性。

如an illness which might not be serious for a young person．but which will almost certainly prove fatal to the old lady(一种对于年轻人来说也许并不严重，但对于一个老太婆来说却无疑是致命的病症)。

deadly在表示“必然致命”这一点上与fatal完全相同，可互换使用。

但deadly 还有一种为fatal所没有的用法，它可以指一个欲置他人于死地的人。

如：The murdered man had many deady enemies．(被害者有很多不共戴天的死敌。

) mortal像deadly一样．，可以指能置人于死的人或物。

如：Because of an ancient family feud，the two cousins had been mortal enemies from birth．用于指物时， mortal之不同于fatal及deadly之处在于它往往只在已有提及死亡发生的前文后使用。

如：He was struck down by a mortal blow upon to head．(他的死是由于头上受了致命一击)。

lethal指的是某物质因其构成成分中含有毒素而定可造成死亡，而且其物存在的目的即是为了致人于死地。

如：Cyanide is a lethal poison．(氰化物是一种致命的毒药。

) 除lethal之外，以上各词均可用来形容某种造成恐慌或极度不安，会带来灾祸但不一定造成生命伤亡的事物。

如：a fatal mistake(十分严重的错误)；a deadly insult(难以容忍的侮辱)；in mortal terror(极端的恐怖之中)。

2． faithful指出于对个人荣誉、友谊或爱情等的珍惜而体现出的信义和忠诚，如a faithful wife(忠实的妻子)。

loyal则指因受道德良心或正义感、责任感的驱使而对某人、某项事业或某个组织表现出坚定不移的耿耿忠心，如 a loyal friend(忠实可靠的朋友)。

constant一般指爱情或事业上的用心专一，不见异思迁，朝秦暮楚，如a constant lover(用情专一的情人)。

staunch(或stanch)指为维护某种原则或信念而表现出毫不动摇的意志和决心，如a staunch defender of the truth(真理的坚决捍卫者)。

resolute也表示坚定不动摇的决心，不过多指在小事上或为私人目的而表现出的决心，如：She was resolute in her decision to stay．(她决定留下，很难改变。

)
IV C:
1, those who foolishly sought power by calling in strong, greedy countries ended up by losing their independence to these countries.
2. We will not allow any enemy country to subvert this peaceful revolution which will bring hope of progress to all our countries.
3. And let every other power know that this hemisphere will not tolerate any interference in their affairs by countries outside this hemisphere.
4. We renew our pledge: to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective, to strengthen its power so that it can protect the newly independent and weak nations.
5. And if a little bit of co-operation can lessen the deep suspicion that exists on both sides "..
6. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will inspire not only the United States and her people but also the whole world.
V A:略
V B:略
LESSON 4 LOVE IS A FALLACY
Q B:
1.The purpose of this essay is to demonstrate that logic, f
ar from being a dry, pedantic subject, is a living, breathi ng thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma. Logic may be an interesting subject. The writer is exaggerating for the sake of humor. The writer employs a whole variety of writ ing techniques to make his story vivid, dramatic and colorfu l. The lexical spectrum is colorful from the ultra learned terms used by the conceited narrator to the infra clipped v ulgar forms of Polly Espy. He uses figurative language profu sely and also grammatic inversion for special emphasis. The speed of the narration is maintained by the use of short s entences, elliptical sentences and dashes throughout the story . This mix adds to the realism of the story.
2. The topic sentence of paragraph 47 is : He was a torn man. The writer develops the idea expressed in the topi c sentence by describing vividly how hard it is for Petey Burch to choose between his girlfriend and raccoon co at. Being very observant and superbly to illustrative example
s to develop the theme, the writer successfully to brings f orth the scene
in which Petey Burch’s desire for the raccoon coat waxes a nd his resolution not to give his girlfriend wanes. The reader can easily come to the conclusion that it is ha
rd and painful decision for him to make.
3. The narrator refers to Pygmalion and Frankenstein because
just as Pygmalion loved the perfect woman he fashioned , the narrator loved Polly Espy, who he had fashioned acco rding to his plan. However, when he begged Polly’s love, h e was rejected. He got same result as Frankenstein, who created a monster that destroyed him. In this sense, these allusion are
chosen aptly. The whole thing backfired on the narrator when Polly employed all the “logical fallacies”she had been taught to reject his
offer. The end of story finds that the narrator has got wh at he deserves. He has been too clever for his own.
4. An example of simile :
My brain was as powerful as dynamo,as precise as a chemist’s scales, as penetrating as a scalpel.(comparing his brain to three different things)(para. 1)
An example of metaphor:
There follows an informal essay that ventures even beyond la mb’s frontier.(comparing the limitation set by lamb to a frontier) (author’s note)
An example of hyperbole :
It is not often that one so young has such a giant intell ect.(hyperbole for effect)(para. 2)
An example of metonymy
Otherwise you have committed a Dicto Simpliciter.(Otherwise yo u have committed a logical fallacy called a “Dicto Simp liciter”.)(para. 70)
An example of antithesis
It is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl sma rt than to make a ugly smart girl beautiful.(“beautiful, du mb and smart”are balanced against “ugly, smart and be autiful”)(para.24)
5. Colloquialisms and used in the text: dumb, pin-up, kid, go steady, date, casual kick, well-heeled, laughs, terrific, magnificent, mad, call it a night, yummy, fire away. Darn.
Slang used in the text: nothing upstairs, keen, dal, kno ck (oneself) out, dreamy, how cute,rat, knot head, jitterbu g.
6.A freshman at a law school is made the narrator of the whole stroy. It’s from his point of view that the stroy i s told. Since the whole stroy is presented as his perso
nal experiences, we the readers tend to rely on what nar rator tells us.
III:
1. He is a nice enough young fellow, you know, but he is empty-headed.
2. A passing fashion or craze, in my opinion, shoes a comp lete lack of reason.
3. I ought to have known that raccoon coat would come back to fashion when the Charleston dance, which was popular in the 1920s, came back
4. All the important and fashionable men on campus are wear ing them. How come you don’t know?
5. My brain, which is a precision instrument, began to work at a high speed.
6. Except for one thing (intelligence) p olly had all other requirements.
7. She was not as beautiful as those girls in posters but
i felt sure she would become beautiful enough after some time.
8. In fact, she was in the opposite direction, that is, sh
e is not intelligent but rather stupid.
9. If you are no longer involved with her (if you stop da ting her) others would be free to compete to get her as
a girlfriend.
10. His head turned back and forth (looking at the coat th en looking away from the coat). Every time he looked his desire for the coat grew stronger and his resolution not to give away polly become weaker.
11. To teach her to think appeared to be rather big task.
12. One must admit the outcome does not look very hopeful, but i decided to try one more time.
13. There is a limit to what any human being can bear.
14. I planned to be Pygmalion, to fashion an ideal wife fo r myself, but i turned out to be Frankenstein because poll y(the result/product of my hard work) ultimately rejected me and ruined my plan.
15. Desperately i tried to stop the feeling of panic that was overwhelming me.
IV A:
1.dynamo: a machine that changes some other form of power directly into electricity
2.flight : fleeing or running away from
3.Charleston: a lively dance in 4/4 time, characterized by a twisting step and popular during the 1920's
4.shed: cast off or lose hair
5.in the swim: conforming to the current fashions or active in the main current of affairs
6.practice: the exercise of a profession of occupation
7.pin—up: (American colloquialism)designating a girl whose sexual attractiveness makes her a subject for the kind of pictures often pinned up on walls
8.makings: the material or qualities needed for the making or development of something
9.carriage: manner of carrying the head and body; physical posture bearing: way of carrying oneself; manner
10.go steady: (American colloquialism)date someone of the opposite sex regularly and exclusively; be sweethearts
11.out of the picture: not considered as involved in a situation
12.deposit: (facetious)put，lay or set down
13.brief: a concise statement of the main points of a law case, usually filed by counsel for the information of the court
14. 1et—up: stopping; relaxing
IV B:
1．fashion和fad均为名词。

fashion主要指某人，尤其指文学、艺术界或社会上流人物在某一特定场合或时间内穿衣、讲话等方面的姿态或习惯。

fad指由某种感情引起的一时的爱好或者一时流行的风尚。

2．incredulous和incredible均为形容词。

incredulous是“不轻易相信的”、“表示怀疑的”的意思，指对某人的能力或意志力持怀疑和不相信态度。

incredible是“不可相信的”意思，指某件事不平凡或不大可能存在，因而表示怀疑或不可相信。

3．passion和eagerness均为名词。

passion指一种强烈的愿望或感情，这种愿望或感情往往会产生一种不可抗拒的或者必然的结果。

eagerness意即“渴望”或“热情”，但往往含有不耐烦的意味。

4．feeling和emotion均是名词。

feeling在没有上下文限制的时候，往往指人们在主观上反映的一种高兴或不高兴的感觉或感情。

emotion指由于精神上或身体上受到外界某种刺激而引起的一种强烈的情感或情绪。

5．reveal和show均为动词。

reveal指公开或揭露某种秘密或隐蔽的东西，好像是揭开一种掩饰物似的。

show指某种事物或者东西“展现”在眼前，以便能看得到和看得清。

6．tempt和incline均为动词。

tempt意为“引诱”、“诱惑”，指一种强有力的诱惑，这种诱惑能克服对某一事物的顾忌或推断。

incline意为“倾向于”、“有…的倾向”，指对某事物或行动或多或少表现出一种暖昧的心理倾向。

7．exasperation和disappointment均为名词。

exasperation指使某人忍无可忍或者使某人失去自控力的强烈愤怒或生气。

disappointment意为“失望”、“失意”，指某人对某件事情感到没希望或失去信心。

8．exasperation和disappointment均为名词。

exasperation指使某人忍无可忍或者使某人失去自控力的强烈愤怒或生气。

disappointment意为“失望”、“失意”，指某人对某件事情感到没希望或失去信心。

9．amusement和merriment均为名词。

amusement意为“娱乐”、“消遣”，指一种令人愉快的精神消遣，尤其是某种幽默的事物或谈笑使人感到很有乐趣。

merriment意为“愉快”、“欢乐”，指充满趣味和笑声的某种事物。

10．1anguish和suffer均为动词。

languish指由于渴望而苦恼或遭受痛苦。

suffer指由于伤害、悲痛或损失等原因而被迫遭受、蒙受痛苦或不愉快的事情。

IV C:
1．这几个词都是形容词，指人的智力或感觉等方面具有较高的灵敏性或灵活性。

keen指在智力或感觉、视觉、听觉等五官方面是敏锐的或敏捷的，尤指具有解决复杂或疑难问题的特殊能力。

acute意为“敏锐的”，指具有观察到别人没有注意到的某种意义、感情、意见、颜色、音调等的细微差别的能力，也指具有某种非常敏锐的神经注意力，这种注意力持续的时间不长。

astute意为“敏锐的”、“精明的”、“聪明的”，指对某领域或某学科有很深的造诣或者有一定的体验的能力或洞察力。

perspicacious在这些单词中最为正式的用词，强调具有高度的洞察力。

calculating意为“精明的”，“精于算计的”，尤指会打小算盘。

2．intelligent指具有善于从经验中学习或领会或对新事物迅速作出反应的能力。

clever意为“聪明的”，“伶俐的”，指善于理解、善于学习，但有时含有“不够深入”的意思。

bright和smart比较口语化，一般可代替前面几个词中的任何一个。

brilliant意为“英明的”，指具有非凡的智力或理解力。

IV D:
1. The fallacy of unqualified generalization or "a Dicto Sim pliciter ad dictum secundum quid".
2. The fallacy of Hasty Generalization.
3.The fallacy of "post hoe, ergo propter hoc".
4. The fallacy of Hypothesis Contrary to Fact.
5. The fallacy of "post hoc, ergo propter hoe".
6. The fallacy of Ad Misericordiam.
7. The fallacy of unqualified generalization or "a Dicto Sim pliciter ad dictum secundum quid".
8. The fallacy of Hasty Generalization.
V A & V B:略
LESSON 5 THE SAD YOUNG MEN
Q B:
1.The structural organization of this essay is clear and simple. The essay divides logically into paragraphs with particular functions: to introduce the subject (introduction) in paragraph 1, to support and develop the thesis (the body or the middle) in paragraphs 2 through 9, to bring the discussion to an end (conclusion)in paragraphs 10 and 11.
2.Horton and Edwards state their thesis in the last paragraph of the essay: "The intellectuals of the Twenties, the "sad young men", as F. Scott Fitzgerald called them, cursed their luck but didn't die; escaped but voluntarily returned; flayed the Babbits but loved their country, and in so doing gave the nation the liveliest, freshest, most stimulating writing in its literary experience. "
3.They support their thesis by providing historical material concerning the revolt of the younger generation of the twenties in a series of paragraphs and paragraph units between the introduction and conclusion.
4.Yes. Each paragraph or paragaph unit develops a new but related aspect of the thought stated in the thesis. Frequently the first sentence of these middle paragraphs states clearly the main idea of the material that follows and indi- cates a new but related stage of the developing thought. For example : The rejection of Victorian gentility was, in any case, inevitable. (paragraph 3). The rebellion started with World War I . (paragraph 5) Greenwich Village set the pattern. (paragraph 7) Meanwhile the true intellectuals were far from flattered. (parageraph 9).
5.The two paragraphs form a single unit. The writers begin .with a clearly stated main idea -- Greenwich Village set the pattern and use paragraph 1 to explain Green- wich Village to the reader, following in paragraph2 with sup-porting material showing how the rest of the country imitated life in the "Village".
6.Student' s choice.
III:
1.At the very mention of this post-war period, middle-aged people begin to think about it longingly.
2.In any case, an American could not avoid casting aside its middle-class respectability and affected refinement.
3.The war only helped to speed up the breakdown of the Victorian social structure.
4.In America at least, the young people were strongly inclined to shirk their responsibilities. They pretended to be worldly-wise, drinking and behaving naughtily.
5.The young people found greater pleasure in their drinking because
Prohibition, by making drinking unlawful added a sense of adventure. 6.Our young men joined the armies of foreign countries to fight in the war.
7.The young people wanted to take part in the glorious ad-venture before the whole war ended.
8.These young people could no longer adapt themselves to lives in their home towns or their families.
9.The returning veteran also had to face Prohibition which the lawmakers hypocritically assumed would do good to the people.
10.(Under all this force and pressure) something in the youth of America, who were already very tense, had to break down.
11.It was only natural that hopeful young Writers whose minds and writings were filled with violent anger against war, Babbitry, and "Puritanical" gentility, should come in great numbers to live in Greenwich Village, the traditional artistic centre.
12.Each town was proud that it had a group of wild, reckless people, who lived unconventional lives.
IV A:
1.speakeasy：a place where alcoholic drinks are sold illegally，esp．such
a place in the U．S．during Prohibition
2.sheik：a masterful man to Whom women are supposed to be irresistably attracted
3.flapper: (Americanism) (in the 1920s) a young woman considered bold and unconventional in action and dress
4.drugstore cowboy：A western movie extra who loafs infront of drugstores between pictures
5.Prohibition: the forbidding by law of the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcoholic liquors for beverage purposes~ specifically in the U. S., the period (1920-1933) of prohibition by Federal law
6.
7.soap opera：a daytime radio or television serial drama of a highly melodramatic，sentimental nature．It has been so called since many original sponsors were soap companies．
8.action: military combat in general
9.whip up: rouse; excite
10.give: bend, sink, move, break down, yield, etc. from force or pressure。