新教材人教版高中英语选择性必修第三册Unit5 Poems学案(知识点考点汇总及配套习题)

Unit 5 Poems
Ⅰ.匹配词义
a．匹配下列单词词义
()1.sorrow A．adj.空白的；无图画
(或韵律、装饰)的；没表情的
n．空白；空格
()2.rhyme B．n.情绪；心情；语气
()3.diamond C．v t.修改；润色；抛光
n．上光剂；抛光；擦亮
()4.amateur D．n.悲伤；悲痛；伤心事
v i.感到悲伤
()5.mood E．n.押韵词；押韵的短诗()6.delicate F．n.最后期限；截止日期()7.revolve G．n.钻石；金刚石；菱形()8.blank H．n.业余爱好者
adj.业余的，业余爱好的
()9.deadline I．n.精美的；精致的；脆弱的()10.polish J．v i.旋转；环绕；转动
[答案]1—5DEGHB6—10IJAFC
b．匹配下列短语词义
()1.to the point A．由……组成(构成)
()2.be popular with B．有意义；讲得通
()3.be made up of C．切题的；中肯的
()4.make sense D．受……欢迎
()5.be translated into E．被翻译成
[答案]1—5CDABE
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．literary adj.文学的；爱好文学的；
有文学作品特征的
2．nursery adj. 幼儿教育的
n. 托儿所；保育室
3．folk adj. 民间的；民俗的；普通百姓的
4．tease v i.&v t. 取笑(某人)；揶揄；逗弄
5．syllable n. 音节
6．await v t. 等候；期待；将发生在
7．utter v t. 出声；说；讲
adj. 安全的；十足的；彻底的
8．prejudice n. 偏见；成见
v t. 使怀有(或形成)偏见
9．complicated adj. 复杂的；难懂的
10．sow v t.&v i. 播种；种
Ⅰ.选词填空
utter；tease；sorrow；deadline；await；blank；complicated；version；polish；prejudice
They said that the decision was made more in sorrow than in anger.
2．There is little prejudice against workers from other EU states.
3．The situation in Lebanon is very complicated．
4．He polished his glasses with a handkerchief.
5．I hope we can finish this before the deadline．
6．The English version of the novel is due for publication next year.
7．She turned to a blank page in her notebook.
8．He smacked his lips but did not utter a word.
9．Don't tease him about his weight，you're being cruel.
10．We know that many difficulties await us.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．They finished first and second respectively(respective)．
2．His behaviour was completely beyond comprehension(comprehensive)．
3．She met people in London who were sympathetic(sympathy) to the Indian freedom struggle.
4．He claims he has evidence which could prove his innocence(innocent)．
5．I refused to enter into any correspondence(correspond) with him about it.
6．They have pledged (保证) to end racial(race) discrimination in areas such as employment.
1．There are various reasons why people compose poetry.
人们写诗的原因是多方面的。

2．One of the simplest kinds of poem is the “list poem”，which contains a list of things，people，ideas，or descriptions that develop a particular theme.
最简单的一种诗是“清单诗”，它包含了一系列发展特定主题的事物、人物、思想或描述。

3．List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem.
清单诗有一个灵活的行长度和重复的短语，这给诗歌提供了一种模式和节奏。

4．Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain，which is made up of five lines.
另一种业余爱好者很容易写诗的简单形式是五行诗。

5．With so many different forms of poetry to choose from，you may eventually want to write poems of your own.
有这么多不同形式的诗歌可供选择，你最终可能会想自己写诗。

名师圈点
①various adj.各种各样的
②compose v t.创作；撰写
③convey v t.传递；表达
④sorrow n. 悲伤；悲痛；伤心事
v i.感到悲伤
⑤distinctive adj.独特的；有特色的
⑥characteristic n．特征；特点；品质
⑦economical adj.经济的
⑧descriptive adj. 描写的；叙述的；描写性的
⑨vivid adj.生动的；栩栩如生的
⑩integrated adj.综合的；完整统一的
⑪imagery n. 形象的描述；意象
⑫literary adj. 文学的；爱好文学的；有文学作品特征的⑬metaphor n．暗喻；隐喻
⑭rhyme n. 押韵诗
rhythm n. 节奏；韵律；规律
⑮nursery rhyme 童谣；儿歌
⑯folk adj.民间的；民俗的；普通百姓的
⑰to the point切题的；中肯的
⑱make sense有意义；讲得通
⑲contradictory adj.矛盾的；对立的
⑳recite v t. 背诵；吟诵；列举
○21description n．描写；描述
○22theme n．主题
○23flexible adj.灵活的；可弯曲的
○24amateur n. 业余爱好者adj. 业余的；业余爱好的○25cinquain n．五行诗
○26be made up of由……组成
○27haiku n. 俳句
○28consist of由……构成
○29syllable n．音节
○30format n．格式；总体安排v t.格式化
○31respectively ad v. 分别；各自；依次为
○32translation n．翻译；译文
○33delicate adj. 精美的；精致的；脆弱的
○34mockingbird n．嘲鸫
○35diamond n．钻石；金刚石；菱形
○36brass n．黄铜；黄铜制品；铜管乐器
○37billy goat 公山羊
○38bull n. 公牛
○39dewdrop n．露水；露珠
○40clover n．三叶草
○41lawn n．草坪；草地
○42athletic adj.健壮的；田径运动的
○43tease v i.&v t. 取笑(某人)；逗弄
○44await v t. 等候；期待；将发生在
○45revolve v i. 旋转；环绕；将发生在
○46utter v t. 出声；说；讲
原文呈现
A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMS
There are various①reasons why people compose②poetry. Some poems tell a
story or describe a certain image in the reader's mind. Others try to convey③certain feelings such as joy and sorrow④. The distinctive⑤characteristics⑥of poetry often include economical⑦use of words，descriptive⑧and vivid⑨language，integrated⑩imagery⑪，literary⑫devices such as similes and metaphors⑬，and arrangement of words，lines，rhymes⑭，and rhythm. Poets use many different forms of poetry to express themselves. Now we will look at a few of the simpler forms.
Some of the first poems a young child learns in English are nursery rhymes⑮. They are usually the traditional poems or folk⑯songs. The language of these rhymes，like Poem A，is to the point⑰but has a storyline. Many children enjoy nursery rhymes because they rhyme，have a strong rhythm，and often repeat the same words. The poems may not make sense⑱and even seem contradictory⑲，but they are easy to learn and recite⑳. By playing with the words in nursery rhymes，children learn about language.
One of the simplest kinds of poem is the “list poem”，which contains a list of things，people，ideas，or descriptions○21that develop a particular theme○22. List poems have a flexible○23line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem. Some rhyme [like B and C]，while others do not.
Another simple form of poem that amateurs○24can easily write is the cinquain○25，which is made up of○26five lines. With these，you can convey a strong picture or a certain mood in just a few words. Look at the example [D]．
Haiku○27is a Japanese form of poetry that consists of○2817 syllables○29. It has a format○30of three lines，containing 5，7，and 5 syllables respectively○31. It is not a traditional form of English poetry，but is very popular with English writers. It is easy to write and，like the cinquain，can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using very few words. The haiku poem [E] on the right is a translation○32from Japanese，which shows a moment in the life of a delicate○33butterfly.
English speakers also enjoy poems from China，those from the Tang Dynasty in
particular. A lot of Tang poetry has been translated into English，such as this one [F]．With so many different forms of poetry to choose from，you may eventually want to write poems of your own. Give it a try!
A
Hush，little baby，don't say a word，
Papa's gonna buy you a mockingbird○34.
If that mockingbird won't sing，
Papa's gonna buy you a diamond○35ring.
If that diamond ring turns to brass○36，
Papa's gonna buy you a looking glass.
If that looking­glass gets broke，
Papa's gonna buy you a billy goat○37.
If that billy goat won't pull，
Papa's gonna buy you a cart and bull○38.
B
Mother
Hundreds of stars in the deep blue sky，
Hundreds of shells on the shore together，
Hundreds of birds that go singing by，
Hundreds of bees in the sunny weather，
Hundreds of dewdrops○39to greet the dawn，
Hundreds of bees in the purple clover○40，
Hundreds of butterflies on the lawn○41
But only one mother the world over.
George Cooper
C
LIFE
Life can be good，
Life can be bad，
Life is mostly cheerful，
but sometimes sad.
Life can be dreams，
Life can be great thoughts，
Life can mean a person，
Sitting in court.
D
Brother
Beautiful，athletic○42
Teasing○43，shouting，laughing
Friend and enemy too
Mine
E
A fallen blossom
Is coming back to the branch.
Look，a butterfly!
F
Where she awaits○44her husband
On and on the river flows.
Never looking back，
Transformed into stone.
Day by day upon the mountain top，
wind and rain revolve○45.
Should the traveller return，
this stone would utter○46speech.
Wang Jian
课文研读（Reading and Thinking）
课文，完成下列任务
速读教材P50
－51
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断下列句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及。

1．Some people convey their feelings using poems.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
2．Many children like nursery rhymes because they can describe interesting images.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
3．List poems have a fixed line length.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
4．Haiku is the simplest form of poem.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
5．Haiku is a Chinese form of poetry.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
[答案]1—5ABBBB
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息。

A．which is made up of five lines
B．which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem
C．why people compose poetry
D．which shows a moment in the life of a delicate butterfly
E．that consists of 17 syllables
．
2．List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases ．
3．Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain，．
4．Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry ．
5．The haiku poem [E] on the right is a translation from Japanese，．
[答案]1—5CBAED Ⅲ.表格填空
A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMS
Forms of poems Characteristics
1.Nursery rhymes
Have strong 2.rhythm
Have a lot of repetition
Easy to learn and 3.recite
4.List poems
Easy to write
Repeat 5.phrases and some rhyme while others do not Cinquain
Easy to write
Made up of 6.five lines
Convey a 7.strong picture in just a few words
Haiku
A Japanese form of poetry
Containing of 8.17 syllables
Easy to write
Give a 9.clear picture
Create a special feeling in just a few words Tang poetry The 10.translations have a free form
细读教材P50
－51
课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.单项选择
1．What is the baby's father going to buy if the mockingbird won't sing in Poem A? A．A billy goat. B．A diamond ring.
C．A looking glass. D．A computer.
2．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in Poem B?
A．Shells. B．Bees.
C．Butterflies. D．George.
3．What kind of feeling is conveyed in Poem F?
A．Sorrow. B．Love.
C．Happiness. D．Loneliness.
4．What kind of poem does Poem D belong to?
A．Nursery rhymes. B．List Poems.
C．Haiku. D．Cinquain.
5．How many syllables are there in a haiku poem?
A．5. B．7.
C．17. D．70.
[答案]1—5BDBDC
Ⅱ.概要写作微技能
概要写作微技能——描述定义
A．阅读课文中含有描述定义的语句。

1．List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem.
2．Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that consists of 17 syllables.
B．判断下列语句中哪个不是描述定义的语句。

1．Some of the first poems a young child learns in English are nursery rhymes.
2．Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain，which is made up of five lines.
3．With these，you can convey a strong picture or a certain mood in just a few words.
[答案]1、3
Focuses on Language Points
1．sorrow n. 悲伤；悲痛；伤心事v i.感到悲伤→sorrowful adj. 悲伤的；悲痛的；悲哀的
2．rhyme n．押韵词；押韵的短诗v i.&v t. (使)押韵→rhythm n. 节奏；韵律；规律
3．literary adj. 文学的；爱好文学的；有文学作品特征的→literature n．文学；文学作品
4．recite v t. 背诵；吟诵；列举→recitation n．背诵；吟诵
5．mood n．情绪；心情；语气→moody adj. 情绪多变的；喜怒无常的
6．respective adj. 分别的；各自的→respectively ad v. 分别；各自；依次为7．sympathy n. 同情；赞同→sympathetic adj. 同情的；有同情心的；赞同的
blank adj. 空白的；无图画(或韵律、装饰)的；没表情的；茫然的n．空白；空格
①We could put some of the pictures over on that blank wall over there. 空白的
②Put a word in each blank to complete the sentence. 空格
③Abbot looked blank. “I don't quite follow you，Sir.”茫然的
Words and Phrases
知识要点1to the point切题；中肯
[教材原句P50] The language of these rhymes，like Poem A，is to the point but has a storyline.
这些童谣(如诗歌A)的语言简单明了，但有故事情节。

[例1]The explanation in this dictionary is concise and to the point.
这部词典里的释义简明扼要。

[例2]The letter was short and to the point.
这封信简短扼要。

[造句] 他话不多，但他说的话既准确又中肯。

He does not talk too much and what he has to say is precise and to the point.
[知识拓展]
beside/off the point 离题；跑题
There is no point in doing sth. 做某事毫无意义。

①Keep your answers short and don't wander off the point.
②There is no point in complaining(complain)，for you are no match for him.
[小片段助记]
Your comment on the film should be to the point. There is no point in repeating useless speech which is off the point.
知识要点2make sense有意义；讲得通
[教材原句P50] The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory，but they are easy to learn and recite.
这些诗可能没有意义，甚至看起来自相矛盾，但它们很容易学习和背诵。

[例1]To me，this all just seems to make sense and I think it's readable.
对于我来说，这一切似乎讲得通，我认为它是可读的。

[例2]What she referred to was so confusing that they could hardly make sense of it.
她所讲的话如此令人费解，他们搞不明白她是什么意思。

[造句] 和他争论没有任何意义。

It doesn't make sense to argue with him.
①It makes no sense to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good.
②Only after I read the poem a second time did I make sense of it.
③There is no sense in arguing(argue) about the problem with him.
[小片段助记]
In a sense，each citizen should try his best to protect their mother country. In no sense should we betray our country. So we should make sense of what is patriotism (爱国主义) to us.
知识要点3be made up of 由……组成(构成)
[教材原句P51] Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain，which is made up of five lines.
另一种业余爱好者很容易写诗的简单形式是五行诗。

[例1]My diet is made up of rice and vegetables.
我日常的饮食包括米饭和蔬菜。

[例2]The medical team is made up of three doctors and five nurses. 这个医疗团队由3个医生和5个护士组成。

[造句] 大洋洲(Oceania)主要是由澳大利亚和新西兰组成的。

Oceania is mainly made up of Australia and New Zealand.
①I think it's very unkind of you to make up stories about him.
②You must make up for all the lost time.
③I heard the voices，but couldn't make out what they were saying.
知识要点4tease vi.& vt.取笑(某人)；招惹；逗弄；揶揄
[教材原句P51]Teasing，shouting，laughing
爱闹，爱叫，又爱笑
[例1]He teased me mercilessly about going Hollywood.
他毫不留情地嘲笑我想去好莱坞。

[例2]She is always teasing her mother for money.
她老是缠着母亲要钱。

[造句] 他好像心情不好。

别去招惹他。

He seems very moody. Don't tease him.
①Don't get upset. I was only teasing(tease).
②I remember being teased a lot about my local accent.
知识要点5consist of由……组成；由……构成
[教材原句P51] Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that consist of 17 syllables.
俳句是一种日语诗歌形式，由17个音节组成。

[例1]What will life consist of on other planets?
在其他的星球上，生命将由什么组成？
[例2]Listening is thus an active，not a passive，behavior consisting of hearing，understanding and remembering.
聆听是一种积极的行为，而不是被动的接受，它包括听、理解和记忆。

[造句]新的理事会将有大约20名财政部长。

The new council would consist of about 20 finance ministers.
①The beauty of air travel consists in its speed and ease.
②Her story consists with the fact.
Sentence Patterns
重点句式1“主语＋be＋adj.＋to do”句型
[教材原句P50] The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory，but they are easy to learn and recite．
这些诗可能没有意义，甚至看起来自相矛盾，但它们很容易学习和背诵。

句式分析：they are easy to learn and recite是“主语＋be＋adj.＋to do”句型。

该句型中不定式和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，但不定式用主动形式表达被动意义。

[例1]My new teacher and classmates are all easy to get along with.
我的新老师和新同学都很好相处。

[例2]Tom was easy to talk to.
汤姆是一个很容易与之交谈的人。

[造句] 新的高速公路大桥很难在这么短的时间内完工。

The new freeway bridge is hard to complete in such a short time.
①The picture is pleasant to look at．
②The mountain is challenging to climb (climb).
③The double bed is quite comfortable to lie in(躺上去很舒服)．
重点句式2while作连词的并列句
[教材原句P50]Some rhyme [like B and C]，while others do not.
有些押韵(像B和C)，而另一些不押韵。

句式分析：这是一个并列句，此句中的while作并列连词，表示前后两者的对比，意为“而；然而”。

[例1]He likes pop music，while I am fond of folk music.
他喜欢流行音乐，而我喜欢民间音乐。

[例2]While their country has plenty of oil，ours has none.
他们国家有充足的石油，而我们国家却没有。

[造句] 汤姆很擅长理科，而他的兄弟绝对是不可救药。

While Tom's very good at science，his brother is absolutely hopeless.
①Please don't talk so loudly while others are working.
②While she respected her maths teacher，she didn't like him.
③While there is life，there is hope.
重点句式3with＋宾语＋宾语补足语
[教材原句P51]With so many different forms of poetry to choose from，you may eventually want to write poems of your ow n.
有这么多不同形式的诗歌可供选择，你最终可能会想自己写诗。

句式分析：此句为复杂的简单句。

句中“With so many different forms of poetry to choose from”为with的复合结构，在句中作原因状语。

[例1]With the old man to lead us，we'll have no difficulty going through the forest.
有这位老人领着我们，我们将会毫不费力地穿过森林。

[例2]With the children at school，we can't take our vacation when we want to.
由于孩子们在上学，所以当我们想度假时却不能去。

[造句] 还剩下10分钟，你最好快点。

With ten minutes to go，you'd better hurry.
①With years going (go) by，they have grown into big boys and big girls.
②With all the things to buy (buy)，she counted her money again to see if it was enough.
③With several problems solved (solve)，we all felt a sense of relief.
④
Tom always sleeps with his eyes open(睁着眼)．
⑤Tom stood before the teacher with his head down(低着头)．
⑥The man was brought in with his hands tied behind his back(双手被绑在背后)．
One of the simplest kinds of poem is the “list poem”，which contains a list of things，people，ideas，or descriptions that develop a particular theme.
[分析]本句是一个复合句，which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰“list poem”；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词things，people，ideas，or descriptions。

[翻译]最简单的一种诗是“清单诗”，它包含了一系列发展特定主题的事物、人物、思想或描述。

教材高考
1.The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory，but they are easy to learn and recite.(2018·浙江卷)His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he's an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter，including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road.
(2018·浙江卷)For all the feelings readers attach to stories，literature is a numbers game，and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass.
2.Some rhyme (like B and C) while others do not. (2019·江苏卷)Naomi heard multiple stops and starts，Steve struggling，searching while his wife Joni called him “honey” and encouraged him.
3.Haiku is a
Japanese form of poetry that consists of17 syllables. (2019·天津卷)Most food webs，for instance，consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．In a sense it doesn't matter any more.
2．The Arctic has a varied climate while the Antarctic climate changes little.
3．With the old man leading(lead) us，we had no trouble finding his house.
4．She used to tease me about my hair.
5．Sunlight consists of different wavelengths of radiation.
6．I made out two dim shapes in the dark.
7．Keep your office space looking good，particularly(particular) your desk.
8．His speech was so boring because he would keep going off the point to describe his wartime experiences.
9．I can't make sense of this poem，but perhaps I will if I read it again.
10．She said nothing but sat there staring blankly(blank)．
Ⅱ.短语填空
to the point；make sense；be made up of；consist of；in particular
Her crew consisted of children from Devon and Cornwall.
2．The whole meal was good but the wine in particular was excellent.
3．The cream of the class is made up of the best students.
4．This may not make sense at first，but remember that classes are abstractions.
5．He came to the point at once，“You did a splendid job on this case.”
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
There are various reasons 1.why people write poetry. Some poems tell a story or describe something. Others try to convey certain emotions. Some of the first poems a child 2.learns(learn) in English are nursery rhymes. The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory，3.but they are easy 4.to learn(learn) and recite. List poems are poems that list things. It has a flexible line 5.length(long) and repeated phrases which give both a pattern 6.and a rhythm to the poem. Another simple form of poem that amateurs can 7.easily(easy) write is the cinquain.Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry
8.that is made up of 17 syllables. It can give a clear picture and create a special feeling
ing(use) few of words. The haiku poem above is 10.translation(translate) from the Japanese. English speakers also enjoy Tang poems.
Reading for Writing
阅读教材P56中的材料，选出最佳选项
1．What is the writer doing according the poem “WIND ON THE HILL”？
A．He is feeling the wind.
B．He is searching for somebody.
C．He is flying the kite.
D．He is looking for his kite.
2．Accor ding to Poem “DREAM”，which is the result of not holding fast to dreams?
A．Life will be bird with no wings.
B．Life will be a fertile field.
C．Life will be frozen.
D．Life will be snow.
[答案]1—2CA
Words and Phrases
知识要点1blank adj. 空白的；无图画(或韵律、装饰)的；没表情的n. 空白；空格
[教材原句P52] Blank verse is probably one of the most common and influential forms of English poetry.
空白诗可能是英国诗歌中最常见、最有影响的形式之一。

[例1]Put a word in each blank to complete the sentence.
每个空格填入一个单词，把句子补充完整。

[例2]He tore a blank page from his notebook.
他从他的笔记本上撕下一页空白纸。

[造句] 我在她的桌子里找到一支铅笔和几张白纸。

I found a pencil and some blank paper in her desk.
[知识拓展]
go blank (屏幕等)出现空白；脑子突然一片空白
blankly ad v. 呆呆地，木然地
①When they found us guilty，I just went(go) blank.
②Speechless，she stared blankly(blank) at her mother.
知识要点2correspondence n. 来往信件；通信联系
[教材原句P53] Browning fell in love with her poetry and then they entered into personal correspondence.
布朗宁爱上了她的诗歌，然后他们就开始了私人通信。

[例1]The editor welcomes correspondence from readers on any subject.
编辑欢迎读者有关任何问题的来信。

[例2]I've got through a lot of correspondence today.
今天我处理了一大批信件。

[造句] 我们保持了很多年的通信联系。

We kept up a correspondence for many years.
①Your account of the event corresponds with hers.
②They have been in correspondence with each other for many years.
③The U．S. State Department corresponds largely to the British Foreign Office.
知识要点3polish vt.修改；润色；抛光n．上光剂；抛光；擦亮
[教材原句P54] What does Nora mean by saying that she needs time to polish her writing?
诺拉说她需要时间来润色她的作品是什么意思？
[例1]I give it a polish now and again.
我不时把它擦亮。

[例2]He polished his glasses with a handkerchief.
他用手绢揩拭眼镜。

[造句] 这项声明是经仔细润色检查后才发表的。

The statement was carefully polished and checked before release.
[知识拓展]
polish off 很快做完；迅速吃光
polish up 擦亮；磨光；改善；润色
①I'm going to New York，so I must polish up my English.
②It won't take the kids long to polish the cake off．
知识要点4wherever引导让步状语从句
[教材原句P56]Wherever it blew，I should know...
无论它吹到哪里……
句式分析：wherever“无论在哪里”，引导让步状语从句。

相当于no matter where。

[例1]Wherever she goes，there are crowds of people waiting to see her.
她所到之处都有成群的人等着见她。

[例2]Wherever he is，he will be thinking of you.
无论他在哪里，他都会想念你。

[造句] 无论到哪儿他都能随即适应新环境。

Wherever he goes，he readily adapts to new circumstances.
[知识拓展]
(1)wherever，whenever，however，whoever，whichever，whatever 等引导让步状语从句，相当于“no matter＋疑问词”。

(2)whoever，whichever，whatever 等也可引导名词性从句，相当于anyone that 或anything that，但是“no matter＋疑问词”不能引导名词性从句。

①Whoever last leaves the room，he should make sure that the windows are closed.
②Tell whoever you like—it makes no difference to me.
预测推断类
预测推断类文章一般是预测接下来的内容或者事情的结局。

需要我们把握全文线索，尤其是最后一段内容的主题。

[例题分析]
Still，I was more concerned about my husband's emotional state than our financial situation.David's sense of identity was tied to his job.He called his parents to tell them about losing his job，but didn't say a word to anyone else for weeks.He told me that he felt like “a failure”．
It was tough for me to watch David struggle with unemployment.One night a couple of weeks after he lost his job，David woke me just before midnight，sweating，pacing the bedroom floor and saying he felt funny.We spent the night in the emergency room waiting to see if he had a heart attack.Thankfully，it was just a serious anxiety attack.It was then that I knew I needed to do more to understand what my husband was going through.Here is what I learned from my own experience—and from talking to experts—on how to support your spouse through a job loss.
◆What will be talked about in the next part of the passage?
A．What the writer did to help get some income.
B．How David suffered from the heart attack and the treatment.
C．How the writer supported David to get through the jobless period.
D．Why the insurance company fired David.
[答案] C
[即学即练]
请快速确定下面这段文字后面会接着叙述的内容。

In addition，positive affirmations (肯定) can certainly change your self talk from negative to positive.Now，why not begin working positive affirmations into your life in some creative ways?
◆What will probably be talked about in the following paragraph?
A．How negative self talk influences a person.
B．How positive self talk reduces stress in one's life.
C．Some great ways of making great friends.
D．Some creative ways of practicing affirmation.
[答案] D
Discovering Useful Structures
定语从句
【观察例句】
1．Eric set sail once again，this time with 25 ships，of which only 14 made it to Greenland.
2．Eric reached Greenland and discovered that people could live in the place where he landed.
3．Biarni was the man with whom Leif discussed his plans.
4．By around 900AD，there were many places in Northern Europe where the Vikings chose to live.
【归纳用法】
一、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句概述
1．限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的一部分，若去掉，主句的内容就不完整，意义也会发生改变。

从句和先行词的关系十分密切，从句紧跟先行词，两者之间不可用逗号隔开。

She has found the necklace (that) she lost two weeks ago.
她找到了那条两周前丢失的项链。

2．非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补充说明。

没有它，主句也能独立存在；非限制性定语从句和先行词的关系不是很密切，两者之间用逗号隔开。

He has two sisters，who are working in the city.
他有两个姐姐，她们在城里工作。

[即学即练1]单句语法填空
①The weather turned out to be very good，which was more than we could expect.
②Is this the museum where the exhibition was held?
二、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
1．标点的运用有所不同
限制性定语从句一般紧跟在先行词后，其后不可用逗号分开；而非限制性定语从句也常放在先行词后，但必须用逗号与主句分开。

Who is the girl that is standing under the tree?
站在树下的那个女孩是谁？
He is a teacher of much knowledge，from whom much can be learned.
他是一个学识渊博的老师，从他那儿可以学到许多东西。

2．从句的作用不同
限制性定语从句对先行词起到修饰限制作用，是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，一旦省略，主句的意思就不完整。

而非限制性定语从句则是对一个概念清楚的先行词进行附加说明，若将其去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。

The next day，my brother and I went to the beach where we watched some people play volleyball.
第二天，我和弟弟去了海边。

在那里，我们看到一些人在打沙滩排球。

Alice received a letter from her former classmate，which came as a surprise.
艾丽斯收到了她以前同学的一封信，这真是件令人惊奇的事情。

3．关系词的选用不同
限制性定语从句可以用关系代词who，whom，whose，that，which，关系副词when，where，why等引导，而非限制性定语从句不可用that或why来引导(上述引导词除了这两者以外均可用来引导非限制性定语从句)。

Yesterday he bought a new car，which was made in Japan.(which不可换用that) 昨天他买了一辆新车，是日本生产的。

He didn't give the reason，which explained his absence from the meeting held last week.(which不可换用why，因为which在定语从句中作主语，而why只能在定语从句中作状语)
＝He didn't give the reason，for which he was absent from the meeting held last week.
他没有给出他上周没参加会议的理由。

4．从句所修饰的先行词有所不同
限制性定语从句的先行词通常是名词、代词或词组；而非限制性定语从句的先行词除了名词、代词外，还可以是句子。

This is the best book that I have ever read.
这是我曾经读过的书中的最好的一本。

He won the first prize in the contest，which was more than we expected.
他在比赛中得了一等奖，这一点真出乎我们预料。

5．关系词的省略不同
在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语或表语时，在口语中可以省略，关系副词有时也可省略。

而非限制性定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词不可省略。

I still remember the days we spent together in college.(we前省略了that/which)
我仍然记得我们在大学时一起度过的日子。

She is not the one (that) she used to be.(that在定语从句中作表语)
她已不再是昔日的她了。

6．英译汉时有所不同，译成汉语时，往往把限制性定语从句的内容置于先行词之前；而非限制性定语从句和主句往往翻译成两个分句。

Which is the machine that we used last Sunday?
上星期天我们用的那台机器是哪一台？
The concert，which was held last week，was a great success.
那场音乐会是上周举行的，获得了巨大的成功。

He may be late，in which case we ought to wait for him.
他可能迟到，要是那样的话我们就等等他。

[即学即练2]单句语法填空
①Liquid water changes to vapor，which is called evaporation.
②Charles Smith，who was my former teacher，retired last year.
③This is the house where I lived two years ago.
三、as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
months.
正如报告所显示的，在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。

After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，which turned out to be a wise decision.
大学毕业后我抽出一部分时间去旅游，事实证明这是一个明智的选择。

[即学即练3]
①Metals have many good properties，as has been stated before.
②Light travels in straight lines，which explains why shadows are formed when it goes past an object.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The reason which/that he explained for his being late was that his alarm clock didn't work.
2．Life is like a long race where we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.
3．I often have the case where I can't recognise my friend's voice on the phone.
4．Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old when they swam in it.
5．Many countries are now setting up national parks where animals and plants can be protected.
6．Mexico City，which has a population of over 10 million，is probably the fastest growing city in the world.
7．We will be shown around the city: schools，museums，and some other places，where other visitors seldom go.
8．As is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month.
9．English is a language shared by several diverse cultures，each of which uses it differently.
10．I wish to thank Professor Smith，without whose help I would never have got this far.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
I have a good friend 1.whose name is Wang Fang. She is from a town 2.where rice is grown. She likes reading novels 3.which are written by Americans. She often goes to the park 4.where many beautiful flowers are grown. She often discusses the problems。