必修三Unit3语法宾语从句与表语从句
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真正宾语
形式宾语
宾补
时态
一、宾语从句——(时态)
1. 如果主句时态是现在时,从句谓语可根 据句意需要而选用任一种时态。 a.他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的。 He believes _______________________________ his dream will come true some day .
在英语的句子结构中，本来该由_______ 名词 充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，现在 一个句子 来充当,这个句子就叫名 由____________ 词性从句。 什么是名词性从句? (Noun Clauses)
名词性从句(1)
• 宾语从句
一、宾语从句——共性问题 1，2
•They know that the habit will kill them.
•He asked how much I paid for the violin.
•I’ll tell you why I asked you to come.
•It all depends on whether they will support us. •I don’t care who marries him. 观察： 1. 宾语从句可充当谁的宾语？ 2. 连接词的分类和作用？
What +n.+ 主+谓
a / an + adj.+n n.
adj.+ U
adj.+ pl.（复数）
否定的转移:动词 think, consider,
suppose猜想, believe, expect,
guess, imagine等词，其后的宾语 从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否
定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语
连接词
一that宾语从句 1.Oliver believes (that) a man could survive a month in London. 2 I’m afraid (that) I don’t quite follow you,sir. 3. I don’t think (that) it’s very funny. 1.归纳总结： that 在引导宾语从句时无词义，也不 4.My uncle said （that） he would come 充当任何成分，且通常可以省略。 and that he would also bring his son. 但如果含有两个或两个以上的并列宾 语 agree 从句时，通常只有第一个从句的 5.We all (that) it would be convenient that 可以省略，其余从句的 that 一般 to go there by bus. 不能省略。
b.请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么。 Please tell me what you were doing at this time yesterday _____________________________________.
2. 如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词 一般用过去的某种时态,但从句表达的是 客观真理、自然规律等时,从句谓语通常 用一般现在时。 他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。 He told me he was preparing for the examination . _________________________________ 老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。 The teacher told us light travels in a straight line _________________________.
3. Before the sales start, I make a list of ______ my kids will need for the coming season. (山东2010) A. why B. what C. how D. which
4. Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew ______ she was so angry. (湖南2010) A. where B. whether C. that D. why
宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序是陈述语序， 即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。
①Do exercises . I didn’t know ①你们当时在聊什么？
②这本书是谁的？ ③她明天是否要来？
.
④她住哪里？
②Exploration I don't know what's the matter. Can you tell me who is over there?
宾语
Q: 这些连接代词在宾语从句中充当什么成
由连接副词when, where, how, why 等 引导的宾语从句： ①Please tell me when Jody Williams won the Nobel Peace Prize. ②He wanted to know where I had spent • 归纳总结： my holiday. •Will 连接代词及连接副词引导的宾语从句 ③ you tell me how I can keep fit and 相当于特殊疑问句，连接词都在从句 healthy? 中充当一定的成分。 ④Do you know why he was late? Q:这些连接代词在宾语从句中充当什么成 分? 状语
宾语从句
I don’t like his job.
{
I don’t know about the man, Mr. White. I don’t know about the fact that he is a teacher.
同位语从句
名 词 性 从 句
主语从句 ( The Subject Clause) 宾语从句 ( The Object Clause) 表语从句 ( The Predicative Clause) 同位语从句 ( The Appositive Clause)
3.总结归纳： 在一些表示坚持、命令、建议、要求等 意义的动词后，that 宾语从句中谓语常用 （should+）动词原形，表示虚拟。 1.坚持：insist 2.命令：order, command 3.建议：suggest, propose, advise 4.要求：desire, demand, require, request 老师要求所有作业要在放学前交上去。 The teacher desired that all the exercises should be handed in before school was over.
宾语从句和表语从句
Related Conception (相关概念)
1.名词: 表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。 2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分? 1.Henry is a businessman. 主语 表语 2. Henry, a businessman , received 主语 同位语 a million pound bank note. 宾语 名词在句中主要作主语、表语、宾语和 同位语。
由连接代词who/whom, whose, what, which引导的宾语从句： ① She did not know what had 主语 happened. ② He asked whose purse it was. 定语
③ Do you know who/ whom Henry is
speaking to? 分?
宾语从句——(whether & if) 意为“是否” whether和if都可以引导宾语从句,但是以下 情况不用if。 当whether后紧跟or not时,不用if. e.g.: I don’t know whether I will stay or not. 介词后面的宾语从句不能用if. e.g.: I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. whether to do 做动词宾语不能用if to do. e.g.: I haven’t decided whether to go there.
牛刀小试：
what 1.She asked Tom_____was the matter with
his car.
2.Will you tell me _____ how I can keep healthy?
whether 3.This depends on _________the money we have is enough.
特殊： The teacher had made it clear that whoever breaks the rule would be punished. 老师已经说得很清楚，任何违反规定的人 都要被惩罚。
find / feel/ consider/ make/think + it +adj. +that宾从
但是①从句为What’s the matter？ What’s wrong？What’s happening？ ②who,what作主语时， ③从句是感叹句，从句的语序不变.
1. The shocking news made me realize _____ terrible problems we would face. (北京2011) A. what B. how C. that D. why
宾语从句 （The Object Clause）
宾语 作用，可以 • 宾语从句在复合句中起______ 作 动词 的宾语，也可以作介词 的宾语。 陈述 语序。 宾语从句必须用_____ 引导宾语从句的连词有that，if， whether； 连接代词有who, whom,which,whose等； 连接副词有when，where，how， why等。
用肯定式。
I don’t suppose he cares, does he
?
He doesn’t think we will come, does he ?
此时，否定只看主句，与从句无关
1.她坚持要把这次旅游安排得尽善尽美。
She insisted that she (should) organize the trip properly.
where Marry lives? 4. Could you tell me ________
2. We haven’t discussed yet ______ we are going to place our new furniture. (2010课标全国卷) A. that B. which C. what D. where
Hale Waihona Puke 什么是名词性从句? (Noun Clauses)
主语从句
{What he does is important.
This is his job.
His job is important.
{This is what he does every day.
表语从句
{I don’t like what he does every day.
2他命令关闭所有的大门。
He commanded that all the gates (should) be shut.
3.我建议他应该更努力学习。 4.老师要求我们和睦相处。
I suggested that he (should) study harder. The teacher requests that we (should) get along well with each other. .
5. How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on ______ he goes with, whether his friends or relatives. (四川2010) A. what B. who C. how D. why
形式宾语
宾补
时态
一、宾语从句——(时态)
1. 如果主句时态是现在时,从句谓语可根 据句意需要而选用任一种时态。 a.他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的。 He believes _______________________________ his dream will come true some day .
在英语的句子结构中，本来该由_______ 名词 充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，现在 一个句子 来充当,这个句子就叫名 由____________ 词性从句。 什么是名词性从句? (Noun Clauses)
名词性从句(1)
• 宾语从句
一、宾语从句——共性问题 1，2
•They know that the habit will kill them.
•He asked how much I paid for the violin.
•I’ll tell you why I asked you to come.
•It all depends on whether they will support us. •I don’t care who marries him. 观察： 1. 宾语从句可充当谁的宾语？ 2. 连接词的分类和作用？
What +n.+ 主+谓
a / an + adj.+n n.
adj.+ U
adj.+ pl.（复数）
否定的转移:动词 think, consider,
suppose猜想, believe, expect,
guess, imagine等词，其后的宾语 从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否
定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语
连接词
一that宾语从句 1.Oliver believes (that) a man could survive a month in London. 2 I’m afraid (that) I don’t quite follow you,sir. 3. I don’t think (that) it’s very funny. 1.归纳总结： that 在引导宾语从句时无词义，也不 4.My uncle said （that） he would come 充当任何成分，且通常可以省略。 and that he would also bring his son. 但如果含有两个或两个以上的并列宾 语 agree 从句时，通常只有第一个从句的 5.We all (that) it would be convenient that 可以省略，其余从句的 that 一般 to go there by bus. 不能省略。
b.请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么。 Please tell me what you were doing at this time yesterday _____________________________________.
2. 如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词 一般用过去的某种时态,但从句表达的是 客观真理、自然规律等时,从句谓语通常 用一般现在时。 他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。 He told me he was preparing for the examination . _________________________________ 老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。 The teacher told us light travels in a straight line _________________________.
3. Before the sales start, I make a list of ______ my kids will need for the coming season. (山东2010) A. why B. what C. how D. which
4. Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew ______ she was so angry. (湖南2010) A. where B. whether C. that D. why
宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序是陈述语序， 即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。
①Do exercises . I didn’t know ①你们当时在聊什么？
②这本书是谁的？ ③她明天是否要来？
.
④她住哪里？
②Exploration I don't know what's the matter. Can you tell me who is over there?
宾语
Q: 这些连接代词在宾语从句中充当什么成
由连接副词when, where, how, why 等 引导的宾语从句： ①Please tell me when Jody Williams won the Nobel Peace Prize. ②He wanted to know where I had spent • 归纳总结： my holiday. •Will 连接代词及连接副词引导的宾语从句 ③ you tell me how I can keep fit and 相当于特殊疑问句，连接词都在从句 healthy? 中充当一定的成分。 ④Do you know why he was late? Q:这些连接代词在宾语从句中充当什么成 分? 状语
宾语从句
I don’t like his job.
{
I don’t know about the man, Mr. White. I don’t know about the fact that he is a teacher.
同位语从句
名 词 性 从 句
主语从句 ( The Subject Clause) 宾语从句 ( The Object Clause) 表语从句 ( The Predicative Clause) 同位语从句 ( The Appositive Clause)
3.总结归纳： 在一些表示坚持、命令、建议、要求等 意义的动词后，that 宾语从句中谓语常用 （should+）动词原形，表示虚拟。 1.坚持：insist 2.命令：order, command 3.建议：suggest, propose, advise 4.要求：desire, demand, require, request 老师要求所有作业要在放学前交上去。 The teacher desired that all the exercises should be handed in before school was over.
宾语从句和表语从句
Related Conception (相关概念)
1.名词: 表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。 2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分? 1.Henry is a businessman. 主语 表语 2. Henry, a businessman , received 主语 同位语 a million pound bank note. 宾语 名词在句中主要作主语、表语、宾语和 同位语。
由连接代词who/whom, whose, what, which引导的宾语从句： ① She did not know what had 主语 happened. ② He asked whose purse it was. 定语
③ Do you know who/ whom Henry is
speaking to? 分?
宾语从句——(whether & if) 意为“是否” whether和if都可以引导宾语从句,但是以下 情况不用if。 当whether后紧跟or not时,不用if. e.g.: I don’t know whether I will stay or not. 介词后面的宾语从句不能用if. e.g.: I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. whether to do 做动词宾语不能用if to do. e.g.: I haven’t decided whether to go there.
牛刀小试：
what 1.She asked Tom_____was the matter with
his car.
2.Will you tell me _____ how I can keep healthy?
whether 3.This depends on _________the money we have is enough.
特殊： The teacher had made it clear that whoever breaks the rule would be punished. 老师已经说得很清楚，任何违反规定的人 都要被惩罚。
find / feel/ consider/ make/think + it +adj. +that宾从
但是①从句为What’s the matter？ What’s wrong？What’s happening？ ②who,what作主语时， ③从句是感叹句，从句的语序不变.
1. The shocking news made me realize _____ terrible problems we would face. (北京2011) A. what B. how C. that D. why
宾语从句 （The Object Clause）
宾语 作用，可以 • 宾语从句在复合句中起______ 作 动词 的宾语，也可以作介词 的宾语。 陈述 语序。 宾语从句必须用_____ 引导宾语从句的连词有that，if， whether； 连接代词有who, whom,which,whose等； 连接副词有when，where，how， why等。
用肯定式。
I don’t suppose he cares, does he
?
He doesn’t think we will come, does he ?
此时，否定只看主句，与从句无关
1.她坚持要把这次旅游安排得尽善尽美。
She insisted that she (should) organize the trip properly.
where Marry lives? 4. Could you tell me ________
2. We haven’t discussed yet ______ we are going to place our new furniture. (2010课标全国卷) A. that B. which C. what D. where
Hale Waihona Puke 什么是名词性从句? (Noun Clauses)
主语从句
{What he does is important.
This is his job.
His job is important.
{This is what he does every day.
表语从句
{I don’t like what he does every day.
2他命令关闭所有的大门。
He commanded that all the gates (should) be shut.
3.我建议他应该更努力学习。 4.老师要求我们和睦相处。
I suggested that he (should) study harder. The teacher requests that we (should) get along well with each other. .
5. How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on ______ he goes with, whether his friends or relatives. (四川2010) A. what B. who C. how D. why